diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
index c4ae7fe8b41a..e8b9c56b9d82 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
@@ -390,6 +390,10 @@ jobs:
           PIPX_BASE_PYTHON: ${{ steps.python-install.outputs.python-path }}
         run: |
           ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
+      - name: Register Flight SQL ODBC Driver
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "cpp\src\arrow\flight\sql\odbc\tests\install_odbc.cmd" ${{ github.workspace }}\build\cpp\%ARROW_BUILD_TYPE%\libarrow_flight_sql_odbc.dll
       - name: Test
         shell: msys2 {0}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp_odbc.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp_odbc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b7d2afc683d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp_odbc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+name: C++ ODBC
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+      - '!dependabot/**'
+    tags:
+      - '**'
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/cpp_odbc.yml'
+      - 'ci/scripts/cpp_*'
+      - 'cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/*'
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/cpp_odbc.yml'
+      - 'ci/scripts/cpp_*'
+      - 'cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/*'
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 13 * * *'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.sha }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 240
+    env:
+      ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: ON
+      ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: ON
+      ARROW_BUILD_TESTS: ON
+      ARROW_BUILD_TYPE: release
+      ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE: VCPKG
+      ARROW_FLIGHT: ON
+      ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL: ON
+      ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC: ON
+      ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER: ON
+      ARROW_SIMD_LEVEL: AVX2
+      CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: "17"
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: /usr
+      VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;nuget,GitHub,readwrite'
+      VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET: x64-windows
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Crash Dialogs
+        run: |
+          reg add `
+            "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Error Reporting" `
+            /v DontShowUI `
+            /t REG_DWORD `
+            /d 1 `
+            /f
+      - name: Checkout Arrow
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: Download Timezone Database
+        shell: bash
+        run: ci/scripts/download_tz_database.sh
+      - name: Install msys2 (for tzdata for ORC tests)
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        id: setup-msys2
+      - name: Install cmake
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          ci/scripts/install_cmake.sh 4.1.2 /usr
+      - name: Install ccache
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          ci/scripts/install_ccache.sh 4.12.1 /usr
+      - name: Setup ccache
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          ci/scripts/ccache_setup.sh
+      - name: ccache info
+        id: ccache-info
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "cache-dir=$(ccache --get-config cache_dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Cache ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.ccache-info.outputs.cache-dir }}
+          key: cpp-odbc-ccache-windows-x64-${{ hashFiles('cpp/**') }}
+          restore-keys: cpp-odbc-ccache-windows-x64-
+      - name: Checkout vcpkg
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: vcpkg
+          repository: microsoft/vcpkg
+      - name: Bootstrap vcpkg
+        run: |
+          vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
+          $VCPKG_ROOT = $(Resolve-Path -LiteralPath "vcpkg").ToString()
+          Write-Output ${VCPKG_ROOT} | `
+            Out-File -FilePath ${Env:GITHUB_PATH} -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          Write-Output "VCPKG_ROOT=${VCPKG_ROOT}" | `
+            Out-File -FilePath ${Env:GITHUB_ENV} -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - name: Setup NuGet credentials for vcpkg caching
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          $(vcpkg fetch nuget | tail -n 1) \
+            sources add \
+            -source "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER/index.json" \
+            -storepasswordincleartext \
+            -name "GitHub" \
+            -username "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER" \
+            -password "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+          $(vcpkg fetch nuget | tail -n 1) \
+            setapikey "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" \
+            -source "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER/index.json"
+      - name: Build
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          set VCPKG_ROOT=%VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP%
+          bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
+      - name: Register Flight SQL ODBC Driver
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "cpp\src\arrow\flight\sql\odbc\tests\install_odbc.cmd" ${{ github.workspace }}\build\cpp\%ARROW_BUILD_TYPE%\arrow_flight_sql_odbc.dll
+      # GH-48270 TODO: Resolve segementation fault during Arrow library unload
+      # GH-48269 TODO: Enable Flight & Flight SQL testing in MSVC CI
+      # TODO: enable ODBC tests after GH-48270 and GH-48269 are resolved.
+      # - name: Test
+      #   shell: cmd
+      #   run: |
+      #     set VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP=%VCPKG_ROOT%
+      #     call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+      #     # For ORC
+      #     set TZDIR=${{ steps.setup-msys2.outputs.msys2-location }}\usr\share\zoneinfo
+
+      #     # Convert VCPKG Windows path to MSYS path
+      #     for /f "usebackq delims=" %%I in (`bash -c "cygpath -u \"$VCPKG_ROOT_KEEP\""` ) do set VCPKG_ROOT=%%I
+
+      #     bash -c "ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh $(pwd) $(pwd)/build"
+
+      - name: Install WiX Toolset
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/wixtoolset/wix/releases/download/v6.0.0/wix-cli-x64.msi -OutFile wix-cli-x64.msi
+          Start-Process -FilePath wix-cli-x64.msi -ArgumentList '/quiet', 'Include_freethreaded=1' -Wait
+          echo "C:\Program Files\WiX Toolset v6.0\bin\" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - name: Build MSI ODBC installer
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          # Verify WiX version
+          wix --version
+          cd "${{ github.workspace }}\build\cpp"
+          cpack
+      - name: Upload the artifacts to the job
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: flight-sql-odbc-msi-installer
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}\build\cpp\Apache Arrow Flight SQL ODBC-1.0.0-win64.msi
diff --git a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
index a0b77b11be2e..729d2cea7878 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
@@ -144,8 +144,9 @@ if [ "${ARROW_USE_MESON:-OFF}" = "OFF" ] && \
       CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH+="/lib/cmake/"
       ;;
   esac
+  # Search vcpkg before <prefix>/lib/cmake.
   if [ -n "${VCPKG_ROOT}" ] && [ -n "${VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET}" ]; then
-    CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH+=";${VCPKG_ROOT}/installed/${VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET}"
+    CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${VCPKG_ROOT}/installed/${VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET};${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}"
   fi
   cmake \
     -S "${source_dir}/examples/minimal_build" \
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/SetupCxxFlags.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/SetupCxxFlags.cmake
index 3c172aebdf8a..e0d1fa0dcca3 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/SetupCxxFlags.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/SetupCxxFlags.cmake
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ if(WIN32)
       #
       # ARROW-2986: Without /EHsc we get C4530 warning
       set(CXX_COMMON_FLAGS "/W3 /EHsc")
+      string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " /EHsc")
     endif()
 
     # Disable C5105 (macro expansion producing 'defined' has undefined
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/CMakeLists.txt
index ff716660a31b..22531d9638e0 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -129,13 +129,9 @@ if(WIN32)
                          system_dsn.h)
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl PUBLIC arrow_flight_sql_shared
-                                                 arrow_compute_shared Boost::locale)
-
-# Link libraries on MINGW64 and macOS
-if(MINGW OR APPLE)
-  target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl PUBLIC ${ODBCINST})
-endif()
+target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl
+                      PUBLIC arrow_flight_sql_shared arrow_compute_shared Boost::locale
+                             ${ODBCINST})
 
 set_target_properties(arrow_odbc_spi_impl
                       PROPERTIES ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/get_info_cache.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/get_info_cache.cc
index cd637be165eb..7d6239f24a7e 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/get_info_cache.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/get_info_cache.cc
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/platform.h"
 
-#include <sql.h>
-#include <sqlext.h>
 #include "arrow/array.h"
 #include "arrow/array/array_nested.h"
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/api.h"
@@ -32,6 +30,10 @@
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/scalar_function_reporter.h"
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h"
 
+// Include ODBC headers after arrow headers to avoid conflicts with sql_info_undef.h
+#include <sql.h>
+#include <sqlext.h>
+
 // Aliases for entries in SqlInfoOptions::SqlInfo that are defined here
 // due to causing compilation errors conflicting with ODBC definitions.
 #define ARROW_SQL_IDENTIFIER_CASE 503
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
index 755151fcc0bf..a2464aa00e36 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/statement.h"
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h"
 
+// Include ODBC headers after arrow headers to avoid conflicts with sql_info_undef.h
 #include <odbcinst.h>
 #include <sql.h>
 #include <sqlext.h>
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 1f487fc0cd1d..977975a7378c 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -52,3 +52,6 @@ add_arrow_test(flight_sql_odbc_test
                ${ODBCINST}
                ${SQLite3_LIBRARIES}
                arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
+
+# Disable unity build due to sqlite_sql_info.cc conflict with sql.h and sqlext.h headers.
+set_target_properties(arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
index e043a459f0a1..823fc3d46141 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/odbc_test_suite.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+#pragma once
+
 #include "arrow/testing/gtest_util.h"
 #include "arrow/util/io_util.h"
 #include "arrow/util/utf8.h"