diff --git a/contracts/amm4.clar b/contracts/amm4.clar
index 8527dcb..56748f9 100644
--- a/contracts/amm4.clar
+++ b/contracts/amm4.clar
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
         balance-0: uint,
         balance-1: uint,
 
-        ;; Pool statistics
-        total-volume-0: uint,
-        total-volume-1: uint,
-        total-fees-collected: uint,
-        swap-count: uint
+        ;; Pool statistics - track trading activity and performance
+        total-volume-0: uint,      ;; Total volume traded of token-0
+        total-volume-1: uint,      ;; Total volume traded of token-1
+        total-fees-collected: uint, ;; Total fees collected by the pool
+        swap-count: uint           ;; Number of swaps executed in this pool
     }
 )
 
@@ -110,11 +110,13 @@
             liquidity: u0, ;; initially, liquidity is 0
             balance-0: u0, ;; initially, balance-0 (x) is 0
             balance-1: u0, ;; initially, balance-1 (y) is 0
-            ;; Initialize statistics to 0
-            total-volume-0: u0,
-            total-volume-1: u0,
-            total-fees-collected: u0,
-            swap-count: u0
+
+            ;; Initialize pool statistics to zero
+            ;; These will be updated as swaps occur
+            total-volume-0: u0,      ;; no trading volume yet
+            total-volume-1: u0,      ;; no trading volume yet
+            total-fees-collected: u0, ;; no fees collected yet
+            swap-count: u0           ;; no swaps executed yet
         })
     ) 
 
@@ -381,17 +383,23 @@
             (balance-0-post-swap (if zero-for-one (+ balance-0 input-amount) (- balance-0 output-amount-sub-fees)))
             (balance-1-post-swap (if zero-for-one (- balance-1 output-amount-sub-fees) (+ balance-1 input-amount)))
 
-            ;; Get current statistics
+            ;; Retrieve current pool statistics before updating
             (current-volume-0 (get total-volume-0 pool-data))
             (current-volume-1 (get total-volume-1 pool-data))
             (current-fees (get total-fees-collected pool-data))
             (current-swap-count (get swap-count pool-data))
 
-            ;; Update statistics based on swap direction
-            (new-volume-0 (if zero-for-one (+ current-volume-0 input-amount) current-volume-0))
-            (new-volume-1 (if zero-for-one current-volume-1 (+ current-volume-1 input-amount)))
-            (new-fees (+ current-fees fees))
-            (new-swap-count (+ current-swap-count u1))
+            ;; Calculate updated statistics based on swap direction
+            ;; If zero-for-one is true, user is selling token-0 for token-1
+            ;; If zero-for-one is false, user is selling token-1 for token-0
+            (new-volume-0 (if zero-for-one
+                            (+ current-volume-0 input-amount)
+                            current-volume-0))
+            (new-volume-1 (if zero-for-one
+                            current-volume-1
+                            (+ current-volume-1 input-amount)))
+            (new-fees (+ current-fees fees))           ;; Accumulate total fees
+            (new-swap-count (+ current-swap-count u1)) ;; Increment swap counter
         )
 
         ;; make sure user is swapping >0 tokens
@@ -406,14 +414,15 @@
         ;; transfer output token from pool to user
         (try! (as-contract (contract-call? output-token transfer output-amount-sub-fees THIS_CONTRACT sender none)))
 
-        ;; update pool balances (x and y) and statistics
+        ;; Update pool state with new balances and statistics
+        ;; This persists the swap results and tracks pool performance metrics
         (map-set pools pool-id (merge pool-data {
-            balance-0: balance-0-post-swap,
-            balance-1: balance-1-post-swap,
-            total-volume-0: new-volume-0,
-            total-volume-1: new-volume-1,
-            total-fees-collected: new-fees,
-            swap-count: new-swap-count
+            balance-0: balance-0-post-swap,        ;; Updated token-0 balance
+            balance-1: balance-1-post-swap,        ;; Updated token-1 balance
+            total-volume-0: new-volume-0,          ;; Cumulative volume for token-0
+            total-volume-1: new-volume-1,          ;; Cumulative volume for token-1
+            total-fees-collected: new-fees,        ;; Total fees earned by LPs
+            swap-count: new-swap-count             ;; Total number of swaps
         }))
 
         (print { action: "swap", pool-id: pool-id, input-amount: input-amount })
diff --git a/frontend/components/pools.tsx b/frontend/components/pools.tsx
index 4365076..52036c0 100644
--- a/frontend/components/pools.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/pools.tsx
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ export interface PoolsListProps {
 
 export function PoolsList({ pools }: PoolsListProps) {
   return (
+    //also updated the pool here
     <div className="flex flex-col">
       <div className="grid grid-cols-7 place-items-center w-full bg-gray-900 justify-between p-4 font-semibold text-sm">
         <span>ID</span>
         <span>Token Pair</span>
         <span>Fee</span>
         <span>Liquidity</span>
-        <span>Total Volume</span>
+        
+        <span>Total Volume</span> 
         <span>Fees Collected</span>
         <span>Swaps</span>
       </div>
@@ -21,10 +23,12 @@ export function PoolsList({ pools }: PoolsListProps) {
         <PoolListItem
           key={`pool-${pool["token-0"]}-${pool["token-1"]}`}
           pool={pool}
+        
         />
       ))}
     </div>
   );
+  
 }
 
 export function PoolListItem({ pool }: { pool: Pool }) {
diff --git a/frontend/components/transaction-history.tsx b/frontend/components/transaction-history.tsx
index 40e09bf..3e23456 100644
--- a/frontend/components/transaction-history.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/transaction-history.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ interface TransactionHistoryProps {
   userAddress: string;
 }
 
+// this is the history component.
 export function TransactionHistory({ userAddress }: TransactionHistoryProps) {
   const [transactions, setTransactions] = useState<Transaction[]>([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
diff --git a/frontend/lib/amm.ts b/frontend/lib/amm.ts
index d55bf0a..50d9bfd 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/amm.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/amm.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ type ContractEvent = {
   };
 };
 
+// Type definitions for pool data structures
+// Updated to include pool statistics tracking
 type PoolCV = {
   "token-0": PrincipalCV;
   "token-1": PrincipalCV;
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ type PoolCV = {
   liquidity: UIntCV;
   "balance-0": UIntCV;
   "balance-1": UIntCV;
+  // Pool statistics fields from smart contract
   "total-volume-0": UIntCV;
   "total-volume-1": UIntCV;
   "total-fees-collected": UIntCV;
@@ -53,10 +56,11 @@ export type Pool = {
   liquidity: number;
   "balance-0": number;
   "balance-1": number;
-  "total-volume-0": number;
-  "total-volume-1": number;
-  "total-fees-collected": number;
-  "swap-count": number;
+  // Pool performance metrics
+  "total-volume-0": number;      // Cumulative trading volume for token-0
+  "total-volume-1": number;      // Cumulative trading volume for token-1
+  "total-fees-collected": number; // Total fees earned by liquidity providers
+  "swap-count": number;          // Number of swaps executed in this pool
 };
 
 // getAllPools
@@ -132,7 +136,8 @@ export async function getAllPools() {
 
       const poolData = poolDataResult.value.value.value as any;
 
-      // Helper to safely parse uint values
+      // Helper function to safely parse uint clarity values
+      // Returns 0 if the value is undefined or not a uint type
       const parseUintCV = (cv: any): number => {
         if (!cv) return 0;
         if (cv.type === "uint") {
@@ -141,7 +146,8 @@ export async function getAllPools() {
         return 0;
       };
 
-      // convert the pool data to a Pool object
+      // Convert the pool data from Clarity values to JavaScript Pool object
+      // Includes both core pool data and statistics tracking fields
       const pool: Pool = {
         id: poolId,
         "token-0": poolInitialData["token-0"].value,
@@ -150,6 +156,7 @@ export async function getAllPools() {
         liquidity: Number(poolData["liquidity"].value),
         "balance-0": Number(poolData["balance-0"].value),
         "balance-1": Number(poolData["balance-1"].value),
+        // Parse pool statistics - safely handle undefined values
         "total-volume-0": parseUintCV(poolData["total-volume-0"]),
         "total-volume-1": parseUintCV(poolData["total-volume-1"]),
         "total-fees-collected": parseUintCV(poolData["total-fees-collected"]),