diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-native.yml b/.github/workflows/build-native.yml
index fb03a289..43e5bfb2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-native.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-native.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 name: Build DexKit Native Libraries
 
+env:
+  LINUX_CODENAME: xenial
+  LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH: .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64
+  LINUX_GCC10_HEADERS_PATH: .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers
+  LINUX_SYSROOT_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX: dexkit-linux-amd64-sysroot-v1
+
 on:
   push:
     branches: [ master ]
@@ -12,9 +18,9 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         sys:
-          - { name: linux-musl,  os: ubuntu-latest,  shell: 'alpine.sh --root {0}'}
-          - { name: windows,     os: windows-latest, shell: bash}
-          - { name: macos,       os: macos-latest,   shell: bash}
+          - { name: linux,   os: ubuntu-latest,  shell: bash}
+          - { name: windows, os: windows-latest, shell: bash}
+          - { name: macos,   os: macos-latest,   shell: bash}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: ${{ matrix.sys.shell }}
@@ -24,50 +30,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repo
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Setup latest Alpine Linux
-        uses: jirutka/setup-alpine@v1
-        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux-musl' }}
-        with:
-          arch: x86_64
-          packages: >
-            build-base
-            cmake
-            ninja
-            git
-            musl-dev
-            libstdc++
-            g++
-            openjdk17-jdk
-            wget
-            unzip
-            zlib-dev
-
-      - name: Install Android SDK on Alpine
-        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux-musl' }}
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk
-        run: |
-          export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=$HOME/android-sdk
-
-          mkdir -p $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools
-          wget -q https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-9477386_latest.zip -O /tmp/tools.zip
-          unzip -q /tmp/tools.zip -d $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools
-          rm /tmp/tools.zip
-
-          mv $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools/cmdline-tools $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools/latest
-
-          export PATH=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/platform-tools:$PATH
-          
-          yes | sdkmanager --licenses || true
-          sdkmanager --sdk_root=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT \
-              "platform-tools" \
-              "build-tools;33.0.2" \
-              "cmake;3.22.1" \
-              "ndk;26.1.10909125" \
-              "platforms;android-34"
-
-          echo "sdk.dir=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT" > local.properties
-
       - name: Setup Java
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
@@ -79,25 +41,122 @@ jobs:
         with:
           version: 3.25.0
 
-      - name: Build musl PIC static libc (musl)
-        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux-musl' }}
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk
+      - name: Install Linux build tools
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
         run: |
-          git clone https://git.musl-libc.org/git/musl
-          cd musl
-          CFLAGS="-O2 -fPIC" ./configure --prefix=/opt/musl-pic
-          make
-          make install
-
-      - name: Run Gradle CMake build (musl)
-        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux-musl' }}
-        env:
-          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk
-          MUSL_PATH: /opt/musl-pic
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang lld ninja-build binutils xz-utils
+
+      - name: Restore target Linux sysroot cache
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
+        id: cache_linux_sysroot
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH }}.tar.xz
+          key: ${{ env.LINUX_SYSROOT_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX }}-${{ env.LINUX_CODENAME }}-${{ hashFiles('build-support/linux-sysroot/**') }}
+
+      - name: Restore GCC 10 headers cache
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
+        id: cache_linux_gcc10_headers
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.LINUX_GCC10_HEADERS_PATH }}.tar.xz
+          key: ${{ env.LINUX_SYSROOT_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX }}-gcc10-headers-${{ hashFiles('build-support/linux-sysroot/**') }}
+
+      - name: Build missing Linux sysroot and GCC 10 headers
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
+        run: |
+          build_sysroot() {
+            local codename="$1"
+            local path="$2"
+
+            if [ -f "$path.tar.xz" ]; then
+              return
+            fi
+
+            rm -rf "$path"
+            sudo env \
+              UBUNTU_CODENAME="$codename" \
+              bash build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh "$path"
+            sudo tar -C "$path" \
+              --exclude=./dev \
+              --exclude=./proc \
+              --exclude=./sys \
+              --exclude=./run \
+              --exclude=./tmp \
+              --exclude=./var/tmp \
+              -cJf "$path.tar.xz" .
+            sudo chown "$USER:$USER" "$path.tar.xz"
+            sudo rm -rf "$path"
+            sudo chown -R "$USER:$USER" "$(dirname "$path")"
+          }
+
+          build_gcc10_headers() {
+            local path="$1"
+
+            if [ -f "$path.tar.xz" ]; then
+              return
+            fi
+
+            rm -rf "$path"
+            bash build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh "$path"
+            tar -C "$path" -cJf "$path.tar.xz" .
+            rm -rf "$path"
+          }
+
+          build_sysroot "$LINUX_CODENAME" "$LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH"
+          build_gcc10_headers "$LINUX_GCC10_HEADERS_PATH"
+
+      - name: Unpack Linux sysroot and GCC 10 headers
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
+        run: |
+          unpack_archive() {
+            local path="$1"
+            rm -rf "$path"
+            mkdir -p "$path"
+            tar -C "$path" -xJf "$path.tar.xz"
+          }
+
+          unpack_archive "$LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH"
+          unpack_archive "$LINUX_GCC10_HEADERS_PATH"
+
+      - name: Prepare Linux compatibility headers
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
+        run: |
+          compat_dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.dexkit-sysroot/compat"
+          target_sysroot="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/$LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH"
+          template_dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/build-support/linux-sysroot"
+          mkdir -p "$compat_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper"
+          cp "$template_dir/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h" "$compat_dir/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h"
+
+          sed "s|@TARGET_SYSROOT@|$target_sysroot|g" \
+            "$template_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread.in" \
+            > "$compat_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread"
+          sed "s|@TARGET_SYSROOT@|$target_sysroot|g" \
+            "$template_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future.in" \
+            > "$compat_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future"
+
+      - name: Run Gradle CMake build (linux)
+        if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'linux' }}
         run: |
           chmod +x gradlew
-          ./gradlew :dexkit:cmakeBuild -PlinuxMuslBuild --console=plain
+
+          sysroot="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/$LINUX_SYSROOT_PATH"
+          gcc10_headers="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/$LINUX_GCC10_HEADERS_PATH/usr/include"
+          compat_dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.dexkit-sysroot/compat"
+          compat_header="$compat_dir/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h"
+          cxxflags="-fno-exceptions -nostdinc++ -isystem $compat_dir/gcc5-thread-wrapper -isystem $gcc10_headers/c++/10 -isystem $gcc10_headers/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/10 -include $compat_header"
+
+          export CC="clang --sysroot=$sysroot --gcc-toolchain=$sysroot/usr"
+          export CXX="clang++ --sysroot=$sysroot --gcc-toolchain=$sysroot/usr"
+          export AR=llvm-ar
+          export RANLIB=llvm-ranlib
+          export LD=ld.lld
+          export CFLAGS=""
+          export CXXFLAGS="$cxxflags"
+          export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--no-as-needed -lpthread"
+
+          ./gradlew :dexkit:cmakeBuild --console=plain
 
       - name: Run Gradle CMake build (windows)
         if: ${{ matrix.sys.name == 'windows' }}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 98303eb1..dcba87bf 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 .externalNativeBuild
 .cxx
 local.properties
+.dexkit-sysroot/
 
 /docs
 /doc
-/apk
\ No newline at end of file
+/apk
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/README.md b/build-support/linux-sysroot/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..beb9076d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Linux sysroot builds
+
+This directory contains helper files for building DexKit Linux binaries against
+older Ubuntu runtime libraries.
+
+The goal is to keep the generated `libdexkit.so` compatible with the target
+distribution's glibc, libstdc++, and libgcc runtime. Do not add
+`ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test` to the sysroot: the compatibility target is the
+toolchain shipped by the distribution itself. That PPA can upgrade runtime
+packages such as `libstdc++6`, so the sysroot would no longer represent the
+distribution-provided runtime.
+
+Run the commands from the repository root. `build-linux-sysroot.sh` must run as
+root because `debootstrap` creates device nodes and package metadata inside the
+sysroot. If a sysroot or headers directory already exists, remove it first.
+
+## Pack sysroot backups
+
+After building a sysroot, it can be packed for backup or reuse. Replace the
+path with the target sysroot that was built:
+
+```bash
+sudo tar -C .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64 \
+  --exclude=./dev \
+  --exclude=./proc \
+  --exclude=./sys \
+  --exclude=./run \
+  --exclude=./tmp \
+  --exclude=./var/tmp \
+  -cJf .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64.tar.xz .
+```
+
+The GCC 10 headers directory can be packed without special excludes:
+
+```bash
+tar -C .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers \
+  -cJf .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers.tar.xz .
+```
+
+To unpack a backup:
+
+```bash
+rm -rf .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64
+mkdir -p .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64
+tar -C .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64 \
+  -xJf .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64.tar.xz
+
+rm -rf .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers
+mkdir -p .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers
+tar -C .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers \
+  -xJf .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers.tar.xz
+```
+
+## Ubuntu 20.04 target
+
+Ubuntu 20.04 is the baseline C++20 build. Its sysroot includes GCC 10 headers
+and libstdc++.
+
+```bash
+sudo env UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal \
+  bash build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh \
+  .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-20.04-x86_64
+
+SYSROOT="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-20.04-x86_64"
+
+export CC="clang --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export CXX="clang++ --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export AR=llvm-ar
+export RANLIB=llvm-ranlib
+export LD=ld.lld
+
+./gradlew :dexkit:cmakeBuild --console=plain
+```
+
+## Ubuntu 18.04 target
+
+Ubuntu 18.04 has an older runtime, but it can use the GCC 10 C++ headers
+for C++20 `std::span` and `std::string_view::starts_with` /
+`std::string_view::ends_with`.
+
+```bash
+sudo env UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic \
+  bash build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh \
+  .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-18.04-x86_64
+
+bash build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh \
+  .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers
+
+SYSROOT="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-18.04-x86_64"
+GCC10_HEADERS="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers/usr/include"
+COMPAT_HEADER="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/compat/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h"
+
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$COMPAT_HEADER")"
+cp build-support/linux-sysroot/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h "$COMPAT_HEADER"
+
+export CC="clang --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export CXX="clang++ --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export AR=llvm-ar
+export RANLIB=llvm-ranlib
+export LD=ld.lld
+export CFLAGS=
+export CXXFLAGS="-nostdinc++ -isystem $GCC10_HEADERS/c++/10 -isystem $GCC10_HEADERS/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/10 -include $COMPAT_HEADER"
+export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--no-as-needed -lpthread"
+
+./gradlew :dexkit:cmakeBuild --console=plain
+```
+
+`glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h` undefines libstdc++ feature macros for pthread
+clock APIs that are unavailable in the older glibc target.
+
+`-lpthread` is needed for pre-2.34 glibc targets such as Ubuntu 18.04 because
+pthread is still provided by a separate `libpthread.so.0` there. `--no-as-needed`
+keeps `libpthread.so.0` in the dynamic dependencies even if the linker only sees
+pthread usage indirectly through libstdc++.
+
+`fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh` downloads `libstdc++-10-dev` by parsing Ubuntu
+`Packages.xz` indexes. It defaults to the focal repositories because GCC 10 is
+the distro compiler there.
+
+## Ubuntu 16.04 target
+
+Ubuntu 16.04 is the most constrained target. It uses the xenial GCC 5 runtime,
+GCC 10 C++ headers for C++20 library declarations, and wrapper headers for
+`<thread>` and `<future>` so thread construction uses the GCC 5 `_Impl_base`
+ABI. Exceptions are disabled to avoid depending on newer exception ABI symbols.
+
+```bash
+sudo env UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial \
+  bash build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh \
+  .dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64
+
+bash build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh \
+  .dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers
+
+SYSROOT="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/ubuntu-16.04-x86_64"
+GCC10_HEADERS="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/gcc10-headers/usr/include"
+COMPAT_DIR="$PWD/.dexkit-sysroot/compat"
+COMPAT_HEADER="$COMPAT_DIR/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h"
+WRAPPER_DIR="$COMPAT_DIR/gcc5-thread-wrapper"
+
+mkdir -p "$WRAPPER_DIR"
+cp build-support/linux-sysroot/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h "$COMPAT_HEADER"
+sed "s|@TARGET_SYSROOT@|$SYSROOT|g" \
+  build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread.in \
+  > "$WRAPPER_DIR/thread"
+sed "s|@TARGET_SYSROOT@|$SYSROOT|g" \
+  build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future.in \
+  > "$WRAPPER_DIR/future"
+
+export CC="clang --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export CXX="clang++ --sysroot=$SYSROOT --gcc-toolchain=$SYSROOT/usr"
+export AR=llvm-ar
+export RANLIB=llvm-ranlib
+export LD=ld.lld
+export CFLAGS=
+export CXXFLAGS="-fno-exceptions -nostdinc++ -isystem $WRAPPER_DIR -isystem $GCC10_HEADERS/c++/10 -isystem $GCC10_HEADERS/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/10 -include $COMPAT_HEADER"
+export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--no-as-needed -lpthread"
+
+./gradlew :dexkit:cmakeBuild --console=plain
+```
+
+Compared with 18.04, the 16.04 target additionally needs the GCC 5
+`<thread>`/`<future>` wrappers and `-fno-exceptions`. These are only for the
+GCC 5 libstdc++ runtime; they can be removed if the minimum target is raised to
+18.04 or newer.
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh b/build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7b34a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/build-linux-sysroot.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
+    echo "Usage: $0 <sysroot-path>" >&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+sysroot_path="$1"
+ubuntu_mirror="${UBUNTU_MIRROR:-http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/}"
+ubuntu_codename="${UBUNTU_CODENAME:-focal}"
+ubuntu_components="${UBUNTU_COMPONENTS:-main universe}"
+if [ "${UBUNTU_EXTRA_PACKAGES+x}" ]; then
+    extra_packages="$UBUNTU_EXTRA_PACKAGES"
+else
+    extra_packages=""
+fi
+
+if [ -e "$sysroot_path" ]; then
+    echo "error: sysroot path already exists: $sysroot_path" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "error: this script must be run as root" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y debootstrap ubuntu-keyring ca-certificates gnupg xz-utils
+
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$sysroot_path")"
+
+debootstrap \
+    --variant=minbase \
+    --force-check-gpg \
+    --arch amd64 \
+    "$ubuntu_codename" \
+    "$sysroot_path" \
+    "$ubuntu_mirror"
+
+rm -f "$sysroot_path/etc/apt/sources.list"
+rm -rf "$sysroot_path/etc/apt/sources.list.d"
+mkdir -p "$sysroot_path/etc/apt/sources.list.d"
+
+cat <<EOF > "$sysroot_path/etc/apt/sources.list.d/$ubuntu_codename.list"
+deb $ubuntu_mirror $ubuntu_codename $ubuntu_components
+deb $ubuntu_mirror $ubuntu_codename-updates $ubuntu_components
+deb $ubuntu_mirror $ubuntu_codename-security $ubuntu_components
+deb $ubuntu_mirror $ubuntu_codename-backports $ubuntu_components
+EOF
+
+chroot "$sysroot_path" apt-get update
+chroot "$sysroot_path" apt-get -f -y install
+chroot "$sysroot_path" apt-get -y install \
+    build-essential \
+    gcc \
+    g++ \
+    zlib1g-dev \
+    symlinks \
+    $extra_packages
+
+chroot "$sysroot_path" symlinks -cr /usr
+chroot "$sysroot_path" apt-get clean
+rm -rf "$sysroot_path/var/lib/apt/lists"/* "$sysroot_path/tmp"/* "$sysroot_path/var/tmp"/*
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh b/build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..082dd5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/fetch-libstdcxx-headers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
+    echo "Usage: $0 <output-path>" >&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+output_path="$1"
+ubuntu_mirror="${UBUNTU_MIRROR:-http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/}"
+ubuntu_codename="${UBUNTU_CODENAME:-focal}"
+ubuntu_arch="${UBUNTU_ARCH:-amd64}"
+ubuntu_components="${UBUNTU_COMPONENTS:-main universe}"
+package_name="${UBUNTU_LIBSTDCXX_DEV_PACKAGE:-libstdc++-10-dev}"
+
+if [ -e "$output_path" ]; then
+    echo "error: output path already exists: $output_path" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v xz >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "error: xz is required to read Ubuntu package indexes" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+download() {
+    local url="$1"
+    local output="$2"
+
+    if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        curl -fsSL "$url" -o "$output"
+    elif command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        wget -qO "$output" "$url"
+    else
+        echo "error: curl or wget is required" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
+trap 'rm -rf "$tmpdir"' EXIT
+
+find_package_filename() {
+    local suite="$1"
+    local component="$2"
+    local packages_xz="$3"
+    local url="${ubuntu_mirror%/}/dists/$suite/$component/binary-$ubuntu_arch/Packages.xz"
+
+    if ! download "$url" "$packages_xz" 2>/dev/null; then
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    xz -dc "$packages_xz" | awk -v package_name="$package_name" '
+        BEGIN { RS = ""; FS = "\n" }
+        {
+            package = "";
+            filename = "";
+            for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
+                if ($i ~ /^Package: /) {
+                    package = substr($i, 10);
+                } else if ($i ~ /^Filename: /) {
+                    filename = substr($i, 11);
+                }
+            }
+            if (package == package_name && filename != "") {
+                print filename;
+                exit;
+            }
+        }
+    '
+}
+
+package_filename=""
+for suite in "$ubuntu_codename-updates" "$ubuntu_codename-security" "$ubuntu_codename"; do
+    for component in $ubuntu_components; do
+        candidate="$(find_package_filename "$suite" "$component" "$tmpdir/Packages.xz" || true)"
+        if [ -n "$candidate" ]; then
+            package_filename="$candidate"
+            break 2
+        fi
+    done
+done
+
+if [ -z "$package_filename" ]; then
+    echo "error: cannot find $package_name in $ubuntu_codename repositories" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output_path")"
+download "${ubuntu_mirror%/}/$package_filename" "$tmpdir/$package_name.deb"
+mkdir -p "$output_path"
+dpkg-deb -x "$tmpdir/$package_name.deb" "$output_path"
+
+if [ ! -d "$output_path/usr/include/c++/10" ] || \
+   [ ! -d "$output_path/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/10" ]; then
+    echo "error: $package_name did not provide the expected GCC 10 headers" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future.in b/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future.in
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f0dd26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/future.in
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "@TARGET_SYSROOT@/usr/include/c++/5/future"
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread.in b/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread.in
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b38685ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/gcc5-thread-wrapper/thread.in
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <functional>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace std {
+  template<typename _Callable, typename... _Args>
+  struct __dexkit_bind_simple
+  {
+    tuple<decay_t<_Callable>, decay_t<_Args>...> _M_bound;
+
+    explicit __dexkit_bind_simple(_Callable&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
+      : _M_bound(std::forward<_Callable>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
+    { }
+
+    decltype(auto) operator()()
+    {
+      return std::apply([](auto& __f, auto&... __args) -> decltype(auto) {
+        return std::invoke(std::move(__f), std::move(__args)...);
+      }, _M_bound);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename _Callable, typename... _Args>
+  auto __bind_simple(_Callable&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
+  {
+    return __dexkit_bind_simple<_Callable, _Args...>(
+        std::forward<_Callable>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "@TARGET_SYSROOT@/usr/include/c++/5/thread"
diff --git a/build-support/linux-sysroot/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h b/build-support/linux-sysroot/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10612d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-support/linux-sysroot/glibc-libstdcxx10-compat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <bits/c++config.h>
+#undef _GLIBCXX_USE_PTHREAD_COND_CLOCKWAIT
+#undef _GLIBCXX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX_CLOCKLOCK
+#undef _GLIBCXX_USE_PTHREAD_RWLOCK_CLOCKLOCK
diff --git a/dexkit-dev/build.gradle b/dexkit-dev/build.gradle
index e2cb2eaf..99e6bfa0 100644
--- a/dexkit-dev/build.gradle
+++ b/dexkit-dev/build.gradle
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 def dexkitSourceProject = project(":dexkit")
-def isLinux = System.getProperty('os.name').toLowerCase().contains('linux')
 
 base {
     archivesName = "dexkit-dev"
@@ -28,9 +27,6 @@ cmake {
             cmakeArgs.add("-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE=$configFlags")
             cmakeArgs.add("-DDEXKIT_ENABLE_INTERNAL_METRICS=ON")
             cmakeArgs.add("-DDEXKIT_ENABLE_INTERNAL_METRICS_API=ON")
-            if (project.hasProperty("linuxMuslBuild") && isLinux) {
-                cmakeArgs.add("-DUSE_MUSL_LIBC=ON")
-            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/dexkit/build.gradle b/dexkit/build.gradle
index f2bb149e..bc6411c4 100644
--- a/dexkit/build.gradle
+++ b/dexkit/build.gradle
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ plugins {
     id("io.github.tomtzook.gradle-cmake") version "1.2.2"
 }
 
-def isLinux = System.getProperty('os.name').toLowerCase().contains('linux')
 def enableInternalMetricsApi = providers.gradleProperty("enableInternalMetricsApi")
         .map { it.toBoolean() }
         .orElse(false)
@@ -30,9 +29,6 @@ cmake {
             cmakeArgs.add("-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE=$configFlags")
             cmakeArgs.add("-DDEXKIT_ENABLE_INTERNAL_METRICS=${enableInternalMetricsApi ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}")
             cmakeArgs.add("-DDEXKIT_ENABLE_INTERNAL_METRICS_API=${enableInternalMetricsApi ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}")
-            if (project.hasProperty("linuxMuslBuild") && isLinux) {
-                cmakeArgs.add("-DUSE_MUSL_LIBC=ON")
-            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/dexkit/src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt b/dexkit/src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
index 44c024c5..cabc4259 100644
--- a/dexkit/src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dexkit/src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -39,48 +39,6 @@ if (WIN32)
                 -Wl,-Bstatic,--whole-archive -lwinpthread -Wl,--no-whole-archive
         )
     endif()
-elseif (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
-    if(USE_MUSL_LIBC)
-        if(DEFINED ENV{MUSL_PATH})
-            set(MUSL_PATH $ENV{MUSL_PATH})
-        else()
-            set(MUSL_PATH "" CACHE PATH "Path to PIC musl install")
-        endif()
-
-        if(NOT EXISTS "${MUSL_PATH}/include/stdlib.h" OR NOT EXISTS "${MUSL_PATH}/lib/libc.a")
-            message(FATAL_ERROR "MUSL_PATH=${MUSL_PATH} is illegal. Please check whether you have made install musl-pic.")
-        endif()
-
-        set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES
-                SKIP_BUILD_RPATH TRUE
-        )
-        target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME}
-                PRIVATE
-                ${MUSL_PATH}/include
-        )
-
-        target_link_directories(${PROJECT_NAME}
-                PRIVATE
-                ${MUSL_PATH}/lib
-        )
-
-        target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME}
-                PRIVATE
-                -ffunction-sections
-                -fdata-sections
-                -flto
-        )
-
-        target_link_options(${PROJECT_NAME}
-                PRIVATE
-                -nodefaultlibs
-                -Wl,--whole-archive -lc -Wl,--no-whole-archive
-                -Wl,--gc-sections
-                -Wl,--exclude-libs,ALL
-                -Wl,--strip-all
-                -flto
-        )
-    endif()
 elseif (APPLE)
     set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "11.0" CACHE STRING "Minimum macOS deployment version" FORCE)
 endif()