diff --git a/defaultmodules/newsfeed/newsfeed.js b/defaultmodules/newsfeed/newsfeed.js
index cbf1aefa9e..fa1476faf5 100644
--- a/defaultmodules/newsfeed/newsfeed.js
+++ b/defaultmodules/newsfeed/newsfeed.js
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Module.register("newsfeed", {
 			}
 			return Promise.resolve(wrapper);
 		}
-		return this._super();
+		return Module.prototype.getDom.call(this);
 	},
 
 	//Override fetching of template name
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index af9df8560d..a91bf469bc 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
     <script type="text/javascript" src="js/logger.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="translations/translations.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="js/translator.js"></script>
-    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/class.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="config/basepath.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="js/module.js"></script>
     <script type="text/javascript" src="js/loader.js"></script>
diff --git a/js/class.js b/js/class.js
deleted file mode 100644
index f0196d5aee..0000000000
--- a/js/class.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-/* global Class, xyz */
-
-/*
- * Simple JavaScript Inheritance
- * By John Resig https://johnresig.com/
- *
- * Inspired by base2 and Prototype
- *
- * MIT Licensed.
- */
-(function () {
-	let initializing = false;
-	const fnTest = (/xyz/).test(function () {
-		return xyz;
-	})
-		? /\b_super\b/
-		: /.*/;
-
-	// The base Class implementation (does nothing)
-	this.Class = function () {};
-
-	// Create a new Class that inherits from this class
-	Class.extend = function (prop) {
-		let _super = this.prototype;
-
-		/*
-		 * Instantiate a base class (but only create the instance,
-		 * don't run the init constructor)
-		 */
-		initializing = true;
-		const prototype = new this();
-		initializing = false;
-
-		// Make a copy of all prototype properties, to prevent reference issues.
-		for (const p in prototype) {
-			prototype[p] = cloneObject(prototype[p]);
-		}
-
-		// Copy the properties over onto the new prototype
-		for (const name in prop) {
-			// Check if we're overwriting an existing function
-			prototype[name]
-				= typeof prop[name] === "function" && typeof _super[name] === "function" && fnTest.test(prop[name])
-					? (function (name, fn) {
-						return function () {
-							const tmp = this._super;
-
-							/*
-							 * Add a new ._super() method that is the same method
-							 * but on the super-class
-							 */
-							this._super = _super[name];
-
-							/*
-							 * The method only need to be bound temporarily, so we
-							 * remove it when we're done executing
-							 */
-							const ret = fn.apply(this, arguments);
-							this._super = tmp;
-
-							return ret;
-						};
-					}(name, prop[name]))
-					: prop[name];
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * The dummy class constructor
-		 */
-		function Class () {
-			// All construction is actually done in the init method
-			if (!initializing && this.init) {
-				this.init.apply(this, arguments);
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Populate our constructed prototype object
-		Class.prototype = prototype;
-
-		// Enforce the constructor to be what we expect
-		Class.prototype.constructor = Class;
-
-		// And make this class extendable
-		Class.extend = arguments.callee;
-
-		return Class;
-	};
-}());
-
-/**
- * Define the clone method for later use. Helper Method.
- * @param {object} obj Object to be cloned
- * @returns {object} the cloned object
- */
-function cloneObject (obj) {
-	if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object") {
-		return obj;
-	}
-
-	if (obj.constructor.name === "RegExp") {
-		return new RegExp(obj);
-	}
-
-	const temp = obj.constructor(); // give temp the original obj's constructor
-	for (const key in obj) {
-		temp[key] = cloneObject(obj[key]);
-
-		if (key === "lockStrings") {
-			Log.log(key);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return temp;
-}
-
-/*************** DO NOT EDIT THE LINE BELOW ***************/
-if (typeof module !== "undefined") {
-	module.exports = Class;
-}
diff --git a/js/module.js b/js/module.js
index f38d808995..96479ec3b8 100644
--- a/js/module.js
+++ b/js/module.js
@@ -1,10 +1,31 @@
-/* global Class, cloneObject, Loader, MMSocket, nunjucks */
+/* global Loader, MMSocket, nunjucks */
 
 /*
  * Module Blueprint.
  * @typedef {Object} Module
  */
-const Module = Class.extend({
+class Module {
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes per-instance mutable state.
+	 */
+	constructor () {
+		// Timer reference used for showHide animation callbacks.
+		this.showHideTimer = null;
+
+		/*
+		 * Array to store lockStrings. These strings are used to lock
+		 * visibility when hiding and showing module.
+		 */
+		this.lockStrings = [];
+
+		/*
+		 * Storage of the nunjucks Environment.
+		 * This should not be referenced directly.
+		 * Use the nunjucksEnvironment() method to get it.
+		 */
+		this._nunjucksEnvironment = null;
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 *********************************************************
@@ -12,40 +33,18 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 *********************************************************
 	 */
 
-	// Set the minimum MagicMirror² module version for this module.
-	requiresVersion: "2.0.0",
-
-	// Module config defaults.
-	defaults: {},
-
-	// Timer reference used for showHide animation callbacks.
-	showHideTimer: null,
-
-	/*
-	 * Array to store lockStrings. These strings are used to lock
-	 * visibility when hiding and showing module.
-	 */
-	lockStrings: [],
-
-	/*
-	 * Storage of the nunjucks Environment,
-	 * This should not be referenced directly.
-	 * Use the nunjucksEnvironment() to get it.
-	 */
-	_nunjucksEnvironment: null,
-
 	/**
 	 * Called when the module is instantiated.
 	 */
 	init () {
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Called when the module is started.
 	 */
 	start () {
 		Log.info(`Starting module: ${this.name}`);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns a list of scripts the module requires to be loaded.
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getScripts () {
 		return [];
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns a list of stylesheets the module requires to be loaded.
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getStyles () {
 		return [];
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns a map of translation files the module requires to be loaded.
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getTranslations () {
 		return false;
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Generates the dom which needs to be displayed. This method is called by the MagicMirror² core.
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 				resolve(div);
 			}
 		});
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Generates the header string which needs to be displayed if a user has a header configured for this module.
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getHeader () {
 		return this.data.header;
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the template for the module which is used by the default getDom implementation.
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getTemplate () {
 		return `<div class="normal">${this.name}</div><div class="small dimmed">${this.identifier}</div>`;
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the data to be used in the template.
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	getTemplateData () {
 		return {};
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Called by the MagicMirror² core when a notification arrives.
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		} else {
 			Log.debug(`${this.name} received a system notification: ${notification}`);
 		}
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the nunjucks environment for the current module.
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		});
 
 		return this._nunjucksEnvironment;
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Called when a socket notification arrives.
@@ -179,21 +178,21 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	socketNotificationReceived (notification, payload) {
 		Log.log(`${this.name} received a socket notification: ${notification} - Payload: ${payload}`);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Called when the module is hidden.
 	 */
 	suspend () {
 		Log.log(`${this.name} is suspended.`);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Called when the module is shown.
 	 */
 	resume () {
 		Log.log(`${this.name} is resumed.`);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 ***********************************************
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		this.hasAnimateOut = false;
 
 		this.setConfig(data.config, data.configDeepMerge);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Set the module config and combine it with the module defaults.
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	setConfig (config, deep) {
 		this.config = deep ? configMerge({}, this.defaults, config) : Object.assign({}, this.defaults, config);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns a socket object. If it doesn't exist, it's created.
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		});
 
 		return this._socket;
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieve the path to a module file.
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	file (file) {
 		return `${this.data.path}/${file}`.replace("//", "/");
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Load all required stylesheets by requesting the MM object to load the files.
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	loadStyles () {
 		return this.loadDependencies("getStyles");
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Load all required scripts by requesting the MM object to load the files.
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	loadScripts () {
 		return this.loadDependencies("getScripts");
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Helper method to load all dependencies.
@@ -287,7 +286,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		};
 
 		await loadNextDependency();
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Load all translations.
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 		if (translationFile !== translationsFallbackFile) {
 			return Translator.load(this, translationsFallbackFile, true);
 		}
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Request the translation for a given key with optional variables and default value.
@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 			return Translator.translate(this, key, defaultValueOrVariables) || defaultValue || "";
 		}
 		return Translator.translate(this, key) || defaultValueOrVariables || "";
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Request an (animated) update of the module.
@@ -338,7 +337,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	updateDom (updateOptions) {
 		MM.updateDom(this, updateOptions);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Send a notification to all modules.
@@ -347,7 +346,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	sendNotification (notification, payload) {
 		MM.sendNotification(notification, payload, this);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Send a socket notification to the node helper.
@@ -356,7 +355,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 	 */
 	sendSocketNotification (notification, payload) {
 		this.socket().sendNotification(notification, payload);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Hide this module.
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 			},
 			usedOptions
 		);
-	},
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Show this module.
@@ -411,7 +410,7 @@ const Module = Class.extend({
 			usedOptions
 		);
 	}
-});
+}
 
 /**
  * Merging MagicMirror² (or other) default/config script by `@bugsounet`
@@ -468,11 +467,22 @@ Module.create = function (name) {
 
 	const moduleDefinition = Module.definitions[name];
 	const clonedDefinition = cloneObject(moduleDefinition);
+	const className = typeof name === "string" && name.trim() ? name : "AnonymousModule";
 
 	// Note that we clone the definition. Otherwise the objects are shared, which gives problems.
-	const ModuleClass = Module.extend(clonedDefinition);
+	const SubClass = {
+		[className]: class extends Module {
+			constructor () {
+				super();
+				Object.assign(this, clonedDefinition);
+				if (typeof this.init === "function") {
+					this.init();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}[className];
 
-	return new ModuleClass();
+	return new SubClass();
 };
 
 Module.register = function (name, moduleDefinition) {
@@ -512,3 +522,43 @@ function cmpVersions (a, b) {
 	}
 	return segmentsA.length - segmentsB.length;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Define the clone method for later use. Helper Method.
+ * @param {object} obj Object to be cloned
+ * @returns {object} the cloned object
+ */
+function cloneObject (obj) {
+	if (obj === null || typeof obj !== "object") {
+		return obj;
+	}
+
+	if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+		return obj.map((item) => cloneObject(item));
+	}
+
+	const tag = Object.prototype.toString.call(obj);
+
+	if (tag === "[object RegExp]") {
+		return new RegExp(obj);
+	}
+
+	if (tag === "[object Date]") {
+		return new Date(obj.getTime());
+	}
+
+	const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj);
+	const isPlainObject = proto === null || Object.getPrototypeOf(proto) === null;
+
+	// Avoid calling class constructors without "new". Preserve unknown objects by reference.
+	if (!isPlainObject) {
+		return obj;
+	}
+
+	const temp = {};
+	for (const key of Object.keys(obj)) {
+		temp[key] = cloneObject(obj[key]);
+	}
+
+	return temp;
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/translations_spec.js b/tests/e2e/translations_spec.js
index 42a0739115..54c39daaf6 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/translations_spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/translations_spec.js
@@ -59,12 +59,10 @@ describe("translations", () => {
 			const env = createTranslationTestEnvironment();
 			const window = env.window;
 
-			// Load class.js and module.js content directly for loadTranslations tests
-			const classJs = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "js", "class.js"), "utf-8");
+			// Load module.js content directly for loadTranslations tests
 			const moduleJs = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "js", "module.js"), "utf-8");
 
-			// Execute the scripts in the JSDOM context
-			window.eval(classJs);
+			// Execute the script in the JSDOM context
 			window.eval(moduleJs);
 
 			// Additional setup for loadTranslations tests
diff --git a/tests/unit/classes/class_spec.js b/tests/unit/classes/class_spec.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fc8843935..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit/classes/class_spec.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-const path = require("node:path");
-const { JSDOM } = require("jsdom");
-
-describe("File js/class", () => {
-	describe("Test function cloneObject", () => {
-		let clone;
-		let dom;
-
-		beforeAll(() => {
-			return new Promise((done) => {
-				dom = new JSDOM(
-					`<script>var Log = {log: () => {}};</script>\
-					<script src="file://${path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "..", "js", "class.js")}">`,
-					{ runScripts: "dangerously", resources: "usable" }
-				);
-				dom.window.onload = () => {
-					const { cloneObject } = dom.window;
-					clone = cloneObject;
-					done();
-				};
-			});
-		});
-
-		it("should clone object", () => {
-			const expected = { name: "Rodrigo", web: "https://rodrigoramirez.com", project: "MagicMirror" };
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
-			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone array", () => {
-			const expected = [1, null, undefined, "TEST"];
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
-			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone number", () => {
-			let expected = 1;
-			let obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
-
-			expected = 1.23;
-			obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone string", () => {
-			const expected = "Perfect stranger";
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone regex", () => {
-			const expected = /.*Magic/;
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
-			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone undefined", () => {
-			const expected = undefined;
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone null", () => {
-			const expected = null;
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
-		});
-
-		it("should clone nested object", () => {
-			const expected = {
-				name: "fewieden",
-				link: "https://github.com/fewieden",
-				versions: ["2.0", "2.1", "2.2"],
-				answerForAllQuestions: 42,
-				properties: {
-					items: [{ foo: "bar" }, { lorem: "ipsum" }],
-					invalid: undefined,
-					nothing: null
-				}
-			};
-			const obj = clone(expected);
-			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
-			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
-			expect(expected.versions === obj.versions).toBe(false);
-			expect(expected.properties === obj.properties).toBe(false);
-			expect(expected.properties.items === obj.properties.items).toBe(false);
-			expect(expected.properties.items[0] === obj.properties.items[0]).toBe(false);
-			expect(expected.properties.items[1] === obj.properties.items[1]).toBe(false);
-		});
-
-		describe("Test lockstring code", () => {
-			let log;
-
-			beforeAll(() => {
-				log = dom.window.Log.log;
-				dom.window.Log.log = (str) => {
-					expect(str).toBe("lockStrings");
-				};
-			});
-
-			afterAll(() => {
-				dom.window.Log.log = log;
-			});
-
-			it("should clone object and log lockStrings", () => {
-				const expected = { name: "Module", lockStrings: "stringLock" };
-				const obj = clone(expected);
-				expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
-				expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
-			});
-		});
-	});
-});
diff --git a/tests/unit/classes/module_spec.js b/tests/unit/classes/module_spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f687a4a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/classes/module_spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+const path = require("node:path");
+const { JSDOM } = require("jsdom");
+
+describe("File js/module (cloneObject)", () => {
+	describe("Test function cloneObject", () => {
+		let clone;
+		let Module;
+		let dom;
+
+		beforeAll(() => {
+			return new Promise((done) => {
+				dom = new JSDOM(
+					`<script>var Log = {log: () => {}, info: () => {}, warn: () => {}, error: () => {}, debug: () => {}};</script>\
+					<script src="file://${path.join(__dirname, "..", "..", "..", "js", "module.js")}">`,
+					{ runScripts: "dangerously", resources: "usable" }
+				);
+				dom.window.onload = () => {
+					const { cloneObject, Module: LoadedModule } = dom.window;
+					clone = cloneObject;
+					Module = LoadedModule;
+					done();
+				};
+			});
+		});
+
+		it("should clone object", () => {
+			const expected = { name: "Rodrigo", web: "https://rodrigoramirez.com", project: "MagicMirror" };
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
+			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone array", () => {
+			const expected = [1, null, undefined, "TEST"];
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
+			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone number", () => {
+			let expected = 1;
+			let obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+
+			expected = 1.23;
+			obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone string", () => {
+			const expected = "Perfect stranger";
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone regex", () => {
+			const expected = /.*Magic/;
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
+			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone date", () => {
+			const expected = new Date("2026-05-11T20:00:00.000Z");
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
+			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it("should return URL by reference", () => {
+			const expected = new URL("https://magicmirror.builders/path?q=1");
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should return map by reference", () => {
+			const mapValue = { nested: [1, 2, 3] };
+			const expected = new Map([["module", mapValue]]);
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should return set by reference", () => {
+			const setValue = { nested: true };
+			const expected = new Set([setValue]);
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should return class instances by reference", () => {
+			class ModuleDefaults {
+				constructor () {
+					this.enabled = true;
+				}
+			}
+
+			const expected = new ModuleDefaults();
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone undefined", () => {
+			const expected = undefined;
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone null", () => {
+			const expected = null;
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it("should clone nested object", () => {
+			const expected = {
+				name: "fewieden",
+				link: "https://github.com/fewieden",
+				versions: ["2.0", "2.1", "2.2"],
+				answerForAllQuestions: 42,
+				properties: {
+					items: [{ foo: "bar" }, { lorem: "ipsum" }],
+					invalid: undefined,
+					nothing: null
+				}
+			};
+			const obj = clone(expected);
+			expect(obj).toEqual(expected);
+			expect(expected === obj).toBe(false);
+			expect(expected.versions === obj.versions).toBe(false);
+			expect(expected.properties === obj.properties).toBe(false);
+			expect(expected.properties.items === obj.properties.items).toBe(false);
+			expect(expected.properties.items[0] === obj.properties.items[0]).toBe(false);
+			expect(expected.properties.items[1] === obj.properties.items[1]).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		describe("Test Module.create", () => {
+			let info;
+
+			beforeEach(() => {
+				info = dom.window.Log.info;
+			});
+
+			afterEach(() => {
+				dom.window.Log.info = info;
+				Module.definitions = {};
+			});
+
+			it("should create module instance with dynamic class name", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestModule";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					defaults: {}
+				});
+
+				const moduleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+
+				expect(moduleInstance.constructor.name).toBe(moduleName);
+			});
+
+			it("should use fallback class name for empty module name", () => {
+				const moduleName = "";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					defaults: {}
+				});
+
+				const moduleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+
+				expect(moduleInstance.constructor.name).toBe("AnonymousModule");
+			});
+
+			it("should not throw when init is not a function", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestModuleNoInitFunction";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					init: null,
+					defaults: {}
+				});
+
+				expect(() => Module.create(moduleName)).not.toThrow();
+			});
+
+			it("should support lifecycle super call pattern", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestSuperCall";
+				let loggedMessage;
+
+				dom.window.Log.info = (message) => {
+					loggedMessage = message;
+				};
+
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					defaults: {},
+					start () {
+						this.didStart = true;
+						Module.prototype.start.call(this);
+					}
+				});
+
+				const moduleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+				moduleInstance.name = moduleName;
+				moduleInstance.start();
+
+				expect(moduleInstance.didStart).toBe(true);
+				expect(loggedMessage).toBe(`Starting module: ${moduleName}`);
+			});
+
+			it("should set config when defaults are undefined", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestNoDefaults";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {});
+
+				const moduleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+
+				moduleInstance.setConfig({ foo: "bar" }, false);
+				expect(moduleInstance.config).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+
+				moduleInstance.setConfig({ nested: { value: 1 } }, true);
+				expect(moduleInstance.config).toEqual({ nested: { value: 1 } });
+			});
+
+			it("should initialize lifecycle fields in setData", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestSetData";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					defaults: { fromDefaults: true }
+				});
+
+				const moduleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+				moduleInstance.setData({
+					name: moduleName,
+					identifier: "module_1",
+					config: { fromConfig: true },
+					configDeepMerge: false
+				});
+
+				expect(moduleInstance.name).toBe(moduleName);
+				expect(moduleInstance.identifier).toBe("module_1");
+				expect(moduleInstance.hidden).toBe(false);
+				expect(moduleInstance.hasAnimateIn).toBe(false);
+				expect(moduleInstance.hasAnimateOut).toBe(false);
+				expect(moduleInstance.config).toEqual({ fromDefaults: true, fromConfig: true });
+			});
+
+			it("should not share defaults object across module instances", () => {
+				const moduleName = "MMM-TestDefaultsIsolation";
+				Module.register(moduleName, {
+					defaults: {
+						nested: { value: 1 },
+						list: [1]
+					}
+				});
+
+				const firstModuleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+				const secondModuleInstance = Module.create(moduleName);
+
+				firstModuleInstance.defaults.nested.value = 42;
+				firstModuleInstance.defaults.list.push(2);
+
+				expect(secondModuleInstance.defaults).toEqual({
+					nested: { value: 1 },
+					list: [1]
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	});
+});