diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 261aa63..2b23632 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@
     "@secata-public/bitmanipulation-ts": "^3.4.0",
     "bip32-path": "^0.4.2",
     "partisia-blockchain-applications-crypto": "^1.0.34",
-    "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc": "^1.0.13",
     "partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk": "^0.1.4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/src/interface.ts b/src/interface.ts
index 104b772..cc57867 100644
--- a/src/interface.ts
+++ b/src/interface.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
 
 import type { BN, ContractAbi, ScValueStruct } from "@partisiablockchain/abi-client"
-import type { IContractInfo } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/accountInfo"
 import type PartisiaSdk from "partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk"
 import type LedgerTransport from "@ledgerhq/hw-transport"
 import type { BYOCSymbol } from "./providers"
@@ -167,8 +166,21 @@ export interface ITransactionIntent {
 
 export type MetaNamesState = ScValueStruct
 
-export type RawContractData = Pick<IContractInfo, 'abi' | 'serializedContract'> & { serializedContract: { avlTrees: AvlTree[] } }
-export type ContractData = Pick<IContractInfo, 'abi' | 'serializedContract'> & { serializedContract: { avlTrees?: Map<number, [Buffer, Buffer][]> } };
+/**
+ * A contract as returned by the reader node. Previously `IContractInfo` from
+ * `partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc`; only these two fields were ever read.
+ */
+export interface ContractInfo {
+  abi: string
+  serializedContract?: {
+    state: {
+      data: string
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type RawContractData = Pick<ContractInfo, 'abi' | 'serializedContract'> & { serializedContract: { avlTrees: AvlTree[] } }
+export type ContractData = Pick<ContractInfo, 'abi' | 'serializedContract'> & { serializedContract: { avlTrees?: Map<number, [Buffer, Buffer][]> } };
 
 
 export interface ContractParams {
diff --git a/src/repositories/contract-repository.ts b/src/repositories/contract-repository.ts
index b9128fc..8c723ab 100644
--- a/src/repositories/contract-repository.ts
+++ b/src/repositories/contract-repository.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
 import { AbiParser, ContractAbi, FileAbi, StateReader } from '@partisiablockchain/abi-client'
-import { PartisiaAccount } from 'partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc'
-import { IPartisiaRpcConfig, PartisiaAccountClass } from 'partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/accountInfo'
 import { ByocCoin, Contract, ContractData, ContractEntry, ContractParams, GasCost, IContractRepository, ITransactionIntent, RawContractData, TransactionParams } from '../interface'
 import { Enviroment } from '../providers'
 import { SecretsProvider } from '../providers/secrets'
 import { convertAvlTree as convertAvlTrees } from './helpers/contract'
 import { AvlClient } from './helpers/avl-client'
 import { getRequest, promiseRetry } from './helpers/client'
+import { ShardedClient, ShardedClientConfig } from './helpers/sharded-client'
 
 
 /**
  * Contract repository to interact with smart contracts on Partisia
  */
 export class ContractRepository implements IContractRepository {
-  private rpc: PartisiaAccountClass
+  private rpc: ShardedClient
   private contractRegistry: Map<string, ContractEntry>
   private hostUrl: string
   protected avlClient: AvlClient
 
-  constructor(rpc: IPartisiaRpcConfig, private environment: Enviroment, private secrets: SecretsProvider, private ttl: number, protected hasProxyContract: boolean) {
+  constructor(rpc: ShardedClientConfig, private environment: Enviroment, private secrets: SecretsProvider, private ttl: number, protected hasProxyContract: boolean) {
     this.contractRegistry = new Map()
-    this.rpc = PartisiaAccount(rpc)
+    this.rpc = new ShardedClient(rpc)
     this.hostUrl = rpc.urlBaseGlobal.url
     this.avlClient = new AvlClient(this.hostUrl, rpc.urlBaseShards.map((shard) => shard.shard_id))
   }
diff --git a/src/repositories/contracts/meta-names-contract-repository.ts b/src/repositories/contracts/meta-names-contract-repository.ts
index b012d71..805ab63 100644
--- a/src/repositories/contracts/meta-names-contract-repository.ts
+++ b/src/repositories/contracts/meta-names-contract-repository.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { ContractAbi } from "@partisiablockchain/abi-client"
-import { IPartisiaRpcConfig } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/accountInfo"
 import { Contract, ContractParams, GetStateParams, IMetaNamesContractRepository, ITransactionIntent, MetaNamesAvlTrees, MetaNamesState, TransactionParams } from "../../interface"
 import { Enviroment } from "../../providers"
 import { SecretsProvider } from "../../providers/secrets"
 import { ContractRepository } from "../contract-repository"
 import { getAddressFromProxyContractState } from "../helpers/contract"
+import { ShardedClientConfig } from "../helpers/sharded-client"
 
 
 /**
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { getAddressFromProxyContractState } from "../helpers/contract"
 export class MetaNamesContractRepository extends ContractRepository implements IMetaNamesContractRepository {
   private proxyAddress: string
 
-  constructor(contractAddress: string, rpc: IPartisiaRpcConfig, environment: Enviroment, secrets: SecretsProvider, ttl: number, hasProxyContract: boolean) {
+  constructor(contractAddress: string, rpc: ShardedClientConfig, environment: Enviroment, secrets: SecretsProvider, ttl: number, hasProxyContract: boolean) {
     super(rpc, environment, secrets, ttl, hasProxyContract)
     this.proxyAddress = contractAddress
   }
diff --git a/src/repositories/helpers/client.ts b/src/repositories/helpers/client.ts
index 59e75de..dcdf883 100644
--- a/src/repositories/helpers/client.ts
+++ b/src/repositories/helpers/client.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-const getHeaders = {
+const jsonHeaders = {
   Accept: "application/json, text/plain, */*",
 }
 
-export type RequestType = "GET"
+const jsonBodyHeaders = {
+  ...jsonHeaders,
+  "Content-Type": "application/json",
+}
+
+export type RequestType = "GET" | "POST" | "PUT"
 
 /**
  * Requests that never settle would otherwise pin a retry chain open forever,
@@ -10,22 +15,37 @@ export type RequestType = "GET"
  */
 export const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000
 
-function buildOptions(method: RequestType, headers: Record<string, string>, signal: AbortSignal) {
-  const result = { method, headers, signal }
+function buildOptions(method: RequestType, headers: Record<string, string>, signal: AbortSignal, body?: unknown) {
+  const result: { method: RequestType, headers: Record<string, string>, signal: AbortSignal, body?: string } = { method, headers, signal }
+  if (body !== undefined) result.body = JSON.stringify(body)
 
   return result
 }
 
 export function getRequest<R>(url: string, timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS): Promise<R | undefined> {
-  return handleFetch(promiseRetry(() => fetchWithTimeout(url, timeoutMs)))
+  return handleFetch(promiseRetry(() => fetchWithTimeout(url, "GET", jsonHeaders, undefined, timeoutMs)))
+}
+
+export function postRequest<R>(url: string, body: unknown, timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS): Promise<R | undefined> {
+  return handleFetch(promiseRetry(() => fetchWithTimeout(url, "POST", jsonBodyHeaders, body, timeoutMs)))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sends a request without retrying. Used where a retry would resubmit a
+ * side effect, such as broadcasting a transaction.
+ */
+export async function putRequestOnce(url: string, body: unknown, timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS): Promise<boolean> {
+  const response = await fetchWithTimeout(url, "PUT", jsonBodyHeaders, body, timeoutMs)
+
+  return response.ok
 }
 
-async function fetchWithTimeout(url: string, timeoutMs: number): Promise<Response> {
+async function fetchWithTimeout(url: string, method: RequestType, headers: Record<string, string>, body: unknown, timeoutMs: number): Promise<Response> {
   const controller = new AbortController()
   const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs)
 
   try {
-    return await fetch(url, buildOptions("GET", getHeaders, controller.signal))
+    return await fetch(url, buildOptions(method, headers, controller.signal, body))
   } finally {
     clearTimeout(timer)
   }
diff --git a/src/repositories/helpers/sharded-client.ts b/src/repositories/helpers/sharded-client.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecd2c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/repositories/helpers/sharded-client.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { Buffer } from "buffer"
+import { getRequest, postRequest, putRequestOnce } from "./client"
+
+export interface ShardedClientConfig {
+  urlBaseGlobal: { url: string, shard_id: number }
+  urlBaseShards: { url: string, shard_id: number }[]
+}
+
+export interface AccountInfo {
+  nonce?: number
+}
+
+export interface TransactionInfo {
+  identifier: string
+  executionSucceeded: boolean
+  finalized: boolean
+  events: { identifier: string, destinationShard: string }[]
+  failureCause?: { errorMessage: string }
+}
+
+export interface GlobalCoins {
+  coins: {
+    symbol: string
+    conversionRate: { numerator: string, denominator: string }
+  }[]
+}
+
+export interface EventTrace {
+  hasError: boolean
+  errorMessage?: string
+  eventTrace: { txHash: string, shardId: number }[]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Minimal reader-node client for the Partisia REST API.
+ *
+ * Replaces `partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc`, which is unmaintained (last
+ * published 2024-03-18) and pulled axios in for what are plain GET/POST/PUT
+ * calls. The endpoints and the shard derivation below match that package's
+ * behaviour exactly; see the notes on each method.
+ */
+export class ShardedClient {
+  private readonly globalUrl: string
+  private readonly shards: { url: string, shard_id: number }[]
+
+  constructor(config: ShardedClientConfig) {
+    this.globalUrl = config.urlBaseGlobal.url
+    this.shards = config.urlBaseShards
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Derive which shard an address lives on.
+   *
+   * Port of `PartisiaAccountClass.deriveShardId`, itself a port of the core
+   * dashboard's `ShardedClient.ts`: the big-endian int32 at byte offset 17 of
+   * the address, modulo the shard count.
+   */
+  deriveShardId(address: string | Buffer): number {
+    const buf = typeof address === 'string' ? Buffer.from(address, 'hex') : address
+    const int32 = Math.abs(buf.readInt32BE(17))
+
+    return int32 % this.shards.length
+  }
+
+  shardUrl(shardId: number): string {
+    const shard = this.shards.find((s) => s.shard_id === shardId)
+    if (!shard) throw new Error(`Unknown shard ${shardId}`)
+
+    return shard.url
+  }
+
+  shardUrlForAddress(address: string): string {
+    return this.shardUrl(this.deriveShardId(address))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An address with no on-chain account has no nonce; the chain treats the
+   * first transaction from it as nonce 1, so a missing account is not an error.
+   */
+  async getNonce(address: string, shardId?: number): Promise<number> {
+    const url = this.shardUrl(shardId ?? this.deriveShardId(address))
+    const account = await getRequest<AccountInfo>(`${url}/blockchain/account/${address}`)
+
+    return account?.nonce ?? 1
+  }
+
+  async fetchCoins(): Promise<GlobalCoins> {
+    const coins = await postRequest<GlobalCoins>(
+      `${this.globalUrl}/blockchain/accountPlugin/global`,
+      { path: [{ type: "field", name: "coins" }] }
+    )
+    if (!coins) throw new Error('Unable to fetch coins')
+
+    return coins
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A transaction hash does not encode its shard, so with no `shardId` every
+   * shard is queried and the first that knows the transaction wins. This is
+   * what the rpc package did, and callers such as the event-trace walker rely
+   * on it.
+   */
+  async getTransaction(transactionHash: string, shardId?: number, requireFinal = false): Promise<TransactionInfo | undefined> {
+    const path = `/blockchain/transaction/${transactionHash}?requireFinal=${requireFinal}`
+
+    if (shardId !== undefined) {
+      return getRequest<TransactionInfo>(`${this.shardUrl(shardId)}${path}`)
+    }
+
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      this.shards.map((shard) =>
+        getRequest<TransactionInfo>(`${shard.url}${path}`).catch(() => undefined)
+      )
+    )
+
+    return results.find((transaction) => transaction !== undefined)
+  }
+
+  broadcastTransaction(addressFrom: string, payload: string | Buffer): Promise<boolean> {
+    const url = this.shardUrlForAddress(addressFrom)
+    const transactionPayload = typeof payload === 'string' ? payload : payload.toString('base64')
+
+    return putRequestOnce(`${url}/blockchain/transaction`, { transactionPayload })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Walk a transaction and every event it spawned, collecting failures.
+   *
+   * Mirrors `PartisiaAccountClass.getTransactionEventTrace`. Spawned events
+   * land on the shard named in `destinationShard` ("Shard1" -> 1), which is why
+   * each recursive lookup re-targets rather than reusing the parent's shard.
+   */
+  async getTransactionEventTrace(transactionHash: string, shardId?: number): Promise<EventTrace> {
+    const transaction = await this.pollTransaction(transactionHash, shardId)
+
+    const result: EventTrace = {
+      hasError: !transaction.executionSucceeded,
+      errorMessage: transaction.executionSucceeded ? undefined : transaction.failureCause?.errorMessage,
+      eventTrace: transaction.events.map((event) => ({
+        txHash: event.identifier,
+        shardId: shardIdFromDestination(event.destinationShard),
+      })),
+    }
+
+    for (const event of transaction.events) {
+      await this.collectEvents(event.identifier, shardIdFromDestination(event.destinationShard), result)
+    }
+
+    return result
+  }
+
+  private async collectEvents(transactionHash: string, shardId: number, result: EventTrace): Promise<void> {
+    const transaction = await this.pollTransaction(transactionHash, shardId)
+
+    if (!transaction.executionSucceeded) {
+      result.hasError = true
+      result.errorMessage = transaction.failureCause?.errorMessage
+    }
+
+    for (const event of transaction.events) {
+      const eventShardId = shardIdFromDestination(event.destinationShard)
+      result.eventTrace.push({ txHash: event.identifier, shardId: eventShardId })
+      await this.collectEvents(event.identifier, eventShardId, result)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The transaction is known to exist; it may not have propagated to the
+   * reader node yet. Retries until it is finalized.
+   */
+  private async pollTransaction(transactionHash: string, shardId?: number, attempts = 30, intervalInMillis = 1000): Promise<TransactionInfo> {
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++) {
+      const transaction = await this.getTransaction(transactionHash, shardId).catch(() => undefined)
+
+      if (transaction?.finalized) return transaction
+
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, intervalInMillis))
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Transaction ${transactionHash} was not finalized in time`)
+  }
+}
+
+/** "Shard1" -> 1 */
+function shardIdFromDestination(destinationShard: string): number {
+  return Number(destinationShard.replace('Shard', ''))
+}
diff --git a/src/transactions/helper.ts b/src/transactions/helper.ts
index 4d31b4b..5966869 100644
--- a/src/transactions/helper.ts
+++ b/src/transactions/helper.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { RpcContractBuilder } from "@partisiablockchain/abi-client"
-import type { PartisiaAccountClass } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/accountInfo"
-import type { PartisiaRpcClass } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/rpc"
+import type { ITransactionResult } from "../interface"
+import type { ShardedClient } from "../repositories/helpers/sharded-client"
 
 export const builderToBytesBe = (rpc: RpcContractBuilder) => {
   return rpc.getBytes()
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export const builderToBytesBe = (rpc: RpcContractBuilder) => {
 export const getChainId = (isMainnet: boolean): string => `Partisia Blockchain${isMainnet ? '' : ' Testnet'}`
 
 export const serializeTransaction = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
+  client: ShardedClient,
   walletAddress: string,
   contractAddress: string,
   payload: Buffer,
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ export const serializeTransaction = async (
   // reading state never loads it.
   const { serializedTransaction } = await import("partisia-blockchain-applications-crypto/lib/main/transaction")
 
-  const shardId = rpc.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
-  const nonce = await rpc.getNonce(walletAddress, shardId)
+  const shardId = client.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
+  const nonce = await client.getNonce(walletAddress, shardId)
   // Need to pass a number otherwise the internal library will throw an error
   const validTo = (new Date().getTime() + validityInMillis) as unknown as string
 
@@ -33,32 +33,31 @@ export const serializeTransaction = async (
   )
 }
 
-export const buildTransactionResult = (rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
-  rpcShard: PartisiaRpcClass,
-  transactionHash: string) => {
+export const buildTransactionResult = (
+  client: ShardedClient,
+  shardId: number,
+  transactionHash: string
+) => {
   return {
     transactionHash,
-    fetchResult: transactionResult(rpc, rpcShard, transactionHash)
+    fetchResult: transactionResult(client, shardId, transactionHash)
   }
 }
 
 const transactionResult = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
-  rpcShard: PartisiaRpcClass,
+  client: ShardedClient,
+  shardId: number,
   transactionHash: string
-) => {
-  const isFinalOnChain = await broadcastTransactionPoller(transactionHash, rpcShard)
+): Promise<ITransactionResult> => {
+  const isFinalOnChain = await broadcastTransactionPoller(client, shardId, transactionHash)
 
-  let transactionResult
-  if (isFinalOnChain) {
-    transactionResult = await rpc.getTransactionEventTrace(transactionHash)
-  } else {
-    transactionResult = {
+  const transactionResult = isFinalOnChain
+    ? await client.getTransactionEventTrace(transactionHash, shardId)
+    : {
       hasError: true,
       errorMessage: 'unable to broadcast to chain',
       eventTrace: [],
     }
-  }
 
   return {
     transactionHash,
@@ -67,26 +66,23 @@ const transactionResult = async (
 }
 
 const broadcastTransactionPoller = async (
-  trxHash: string,
-  rpc: PartisiaRpcClass,
-  num_iter = 10,
-  interval_sleep = 2000
+  client: ShardedClient,
+  shardId: number,
+  transactionHash: string,
+  attempts = 10,
+  intervalInMillis = 2000
 ) => {
-  let intCounter = 0
-  while (++intCounter < num_iter) {
+  let attempt = 0
+  while (++attempt < attempts) {
     try {
-      const resTx = await rpc.getTransaction(trxHash)
-      if (resTx.finalized) {
-        break
-      }
+      const transaction = await client.getTransaction(transactionHash, shardId)
+      if (transaction?.finalized) break
     } catch (error) {
       if (error instanceof Error && !error.message.includes('404')) console.error(error.message)
     } finally {
-      const sleep = (ms: number) => {
-        return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
-      }
-      await sleep(interval_sleep)
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, intervalInMillis))
     }
   }
-  return intCounter < num_iter
+
+  return attempt < attempts
 }
diff --git a/src/transactions/index.ts b/src/transactions/index.ts
index 865530e..533554d 100644
--- a/src/transactions/index.ts
+++ b/src/transactions/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import type { PartisiaAccountClass } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/lib/main/accountInfo"
 import type LedgerTransport from "@ledgerhq/hw-transport"
 import type { ITransactionIntent, MetaMaskSdk } from "../interface"
 import { buildTransactionResult, getChainId, serializeTransaction } from "./helper"
-import { PartisiaRpc } from "partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc"
+import type { ShardedClient } from "../repositories/helpers/sharded-client"
 import assert from "assert"
 import type PartisiaSdk from "partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk"
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ const loadWalletCrypto = () => import("partisia-blockchain-applications-crypto/l
 const loadLedgerClient = () => import("./ledger")
 
 export const createTransactionFromLedgerClient = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
+  rpc: ShardedClient,
   transport: LedgerTransport,
   contractAddress: string,
   payload: Buffer,
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ export const createTransactionFromLedgerClient = async (
   const client = new PartisiaLedgerClient(transport)
   const walletAddress: string = await client.getAddress()
   const shardId = rpc.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
-  const url = rpc.getShardUrl(shardId)
 
   const serializedTransaction = await serializeTransaction(rpc, walletAddress, contractAddress, payload, cost)
   const chainId = getChainId(isMainnet)
@@ -49,16 +47,15 @@ export const createTransactionFromLedgerClient = async (
 
   const transactionPayload = Buffer.concat([signatureBuffer, serializedTransaction]).toString('base64')
 
-  const rpcShard = PartisiaRpc({ baseURL: url })
   const transactionHash = getTrxHash(digest, signatureBuffer)
-  const isValid = await rpcShard.broadcastTransaction(transactionPayload)
+  const isValid = await rpc.broadcastTransaction(walletAddress, transactionPayload)
   assert(isValid, 'Unknown Error')
 
-  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, rpcShard, transactionHash)
+  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, shardId, transactionHash)
 }
 
 export const createTransactionFromMetaMaskClient = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
+  rpc: ShardedClient,
   client: MetaMaskSdk,
   contractAddress: string,
   payload: Buffer,
@@ -73,7 +70,6 @@ export const createTransactionFromMetaMaskClient = async (
     params: { snapId, request: { method: "get_address" } },
   })
   const shardId = rpc.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
-  const url = rpc.getShardUrl(shardId)
 
   const serializedTransaction = await serializeTransaction(rpc, walletAddress, contractAddress, payload, cost)
   const chainId = getChainId(isMainnet)
@@ -100,16 +96,15 @@ export const createTransactionFromMetaMaskClient = async (
 
   const transactionPayload = Buffer.concat([signature, serializedTransaction]).toString('base64')
 
-  const rpcShard = PartisiaRpc({ baseURL: url })
   const transactionHash = getTrxHash(digest, signature)
-  const isValid = await rpcShard.broadcastTransaction(transactionPayload)
+  const isValid = await rpc.broadcastTransaction(walletAddress, transactionPayload)
   assert(isValid, 'Unknown Error')
 
-  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, rpcShard, transactionHash)
+  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, shardId, transactionHash)
 }
 
 export const createTransactionFromPartisiaClient = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
+  rpc: ShardedClient,
   client: PartisiaSdk,
   contractAddress: string,
   payload: Buffer,
@@ -127,10 +122,8 @@ export const createTransactionFromPartisiaClient = async (
   })
 
   const shardId = rpc.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
-  const url = rpc.getShardUrl(shardId)
-  const rpcShard = PartisiaRpc({ baseURL: url })
 
-  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, rpcShard, transaction.trxHash)
+  return buildTransactionResult(rpc, shardId, transaction.trxHash)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -144,7 +137,7 @@ export const createTransactionFromPartisiaClient = async (
 const BROADCAST_ATTEMPTS = 3
 
 export const createTransactionFromPrivateKey = async (
-  rpc: PartisiaAccountClass,
+  rpc: ShardedClient,
   contractAddress: string,
   privateKey: string,
   payload: Buffer,
@@ -158,8 +151,6 @@ export const createTransactionFromPrivateKey = async (
 
   const walletAddress = privateKeyToAccountAddress(privateKey)
   const shardId = rpc.deriveShardId(walletAddress)
-  const url = rpc.getShardUrl(shardId)
-  const rpcShard = PartisiaRpc({ baseURL: url })
 
   let lastError: unknown
   for (let attempt = 0; attempt < BROADCAST_ATTEMPTS; attempt++) {
@@ -177,10 +168,10 @@ export const createTransactionFromPrivateKey = async (
     const transactionHash = getTrxHash(digest, signature)
 
     try {
-      const isValid = await rpcShard.broadcastTransaction(trx)
+      const isValid = await rpc.broadcastTransaction(walletAddress, trx)
       assert(isValid, 'Unknown Error')
 
-      return buildTransactionResult(rpc, rpcShard, transactionHash)
+      return buildTransactionResult(rpc, shardId, transactionHash)
     } catch (error) {
       lastError = error
     }
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 88d4e05..972ab9d 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1007,13 +1007,6 @@ acorn@^8.11.0, acorn@^8.4.1, acorn@^8.9.0:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/acorn/-/acorn-8.18.0.tgz#4faf01b2d6d326bfeed97aea1f52220b5f4c1940"
   integrity sha512-lGq+9yr1/GuAWaVYIHRjvvySG5/4VfKIvC8EWxStPdcDh/Ka7FG3twP6v4d5BkravUilhIAsG4Qj83t02LWUPQ==
 
-agent-base@6:
-  version "6.0.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/agent-base/-/agent-base-6.0.2.tgz#49fff58577cfee3f37176feab4c22e00f86d7f77"
-  integrity sha512-RZNwNclF7+MS/8bDg70amg32dyeZGZxiDuQmZxKLAlQjr3jGyLx+4Kkk58UO7D2QdgFIQCovuSuZESne6RG6XQ==
-  dependencies:
-    debug "4"
-
 ajv@^6.12.4:
   version "6.15.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ajv/-/ajv-6.15.0.tgz#07e982c74626167aa7a2495c53817892d7139492"
@@ -1156,11 +1149,6 @@ async-function@^1.0.0:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/async-function/-/async-function-1.0.0.tgz#509c9fca60eaf85034c6829838188e4e4c8ffb2b"
   integrity sha512-hsU18Ae8CDTR6Kgu9DYf0EbCr/a5iGL0rytQDobUcdpYOKokk8LEjVphnXkDkgpi0wYVsqrXuP0bZxJaTqdgoA==
 
-asynckit@^0.4.0:
-  version "0.4.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/asynckit/-/asynckit-0.4.0.tgz#c79ed97f7f34cb8f2ba1bc9790bcc366474b4b79"
-  integrity sha512-Oei9OH4tRh0YqU3GxhX79dM/mwVgvbZJaSNaRk+bshkj0S5cfHcgYakreBjrHwatXKbz+IoIdYLxrKim2MjW0Q==
-
 available-typed-arrays@^1.0.7:
   version "1.0.7"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/available-typed-arrays/-/available-typed-arrays-1.0.7.tgz#a5cc375d6a03c2efc87a553f3e0b1522def14846"
@@ -1168,16 +1156,6 @@ available-typed-arrays@^1.0.7:
   dependencies:
     possible-typed-array-names "^1.0.0"
 
-axios@^1.6.2:
-  version "1.20.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/axios/-/axios-1.20.0.tgz#515513445aa60e71d04b6521ca6210829ccb4786"
-  integrity sha512-r8aOh8j9cGKpgQAqpzrUHnSIc6a59Y3Xf/cv8sy1DrHCkZHzQGEuoq1tARk6qSyDdtQGSDgpb9kFlruzPvrgwg==
-  dependencies:
-    follow-redirects "^1.16.0"
-    form-data "^4.0.6"
-    https-proxy-agent "^5.0.1"
-    proxy-from-env "^2.1.0"
-
 babel-jest@^29.7.0:
   version "29.7.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/babel-jest/-/babel-jest-29.7.0.tgz#f4369919225b684c56085998ac63dbd05be020d5"
@@ -1516,13 +1494,6 @@ color-name@~1.1.4:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.4.tgz#c2a09a87acbde69543de6f63fa3995c826c536a2"
   integrity sha512-dOy+3AuW3a2wNbZHIuMZpTcgjGuLU/uBL/ubcZF9OXbDo8ff4O8yVp5Bf0efS8uEoYo5q4Fx7dY9OgQGXgAsQA==
 
-combined-stream@^1.0.8:
-  version "1.0.8"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/combined-stream/-/combined-stream-1.0.8.tgz#c3d45a8b34fd730631a110a8a2520682b31d5a7f"
-  integrity sha512-FQN4MRfuJeHf7cBbBMJFXhKSDq+2kAArBlmRBvcvFE5BB1HZKXtSFASDhdlz9zOYwxh8lDdnvmMOe/+5cdoEdg==
-  dependencies:
-    delayed-stream "~1.0.0"
-
 convert-source-map@^2.0.0:
   version "2.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/convert-source-map/-/convert-source-map-2.0.0.tgz#4b560f649fc4e918dd0ab75cf4961e8bc882d82a"
@@ -1615,13 +1586,6 @@ data-view-byte-offset@^1.0.1:
     es-errors "^1.3.0"
     is-data-view "^1.0.1"
 
-debug@4, debug@^4.1.0, debug@^4.1.1, debug@^4.3.1, debug@^4.3.2, debug@^4.3.4:
-  version "4.4.3"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/debug/-/debug-4.4.3.tgz#c6ae432d9bd9662582fce08709b038c58e9e3d6a"
-  integrity sha512-RGwwWnwQvkVfavKVt22FGLw+xYSdzARwm0ru6DhTVA3umU5hZc28V3kO4stgYryrTlLpuvgI9GiijltAjNbcqA==
-  dependencies:
-    ms "^2.1.3"
-
 debug@^3.2.7:
   version "3.2.7"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/debug/-/debug-3.2.7.tgz#72580b7e9145fb39b6676f9c5e5fb100b934179a"
@@ -1629,6 +1593,13 @@ debug@^3.2.7:
   dependencies:
     ms "^2.1.1"
 
+debug@^4.1.0, debug@^4.1.1, debug@^4.3.1, debug@^4.3.2, debug@^4.3.4:
+  version "4.4.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/debug/-/debug-4.4.3.tgz#c6ae432d9bd9662582fce08709b038c58e9e3d6a"
+  integrity sha512-RGwwWnwQvkVfavKVt22FGLw+xYSdzARwm0ru6DhTVA3umU5hZc28V3kO4stgYryrTlLpuvgI9GiijltAjNbcqA==
+  dependencies:
+    ms "^2.1.3"
+
 dedent@^1.0.0:
   version "1.7.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/dedent/-/dedent-1.7.2.tgz#34e2264ab538301e27cf7b07bf2369c19baa8dd9"
@@ -1662,11 +1633,6 @@ define-properties@^1.2.1:
     has-property-descriptors "^1.0.0"
     object-keys "^1.1.1"
 
-delayed-stream@~1.0.0:
-  version "1.0.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/delayed-stream/-/delayed-stream-1.0.0.tgz#df3ae199acadfb7d440aaae0b29e2272b24ec619"
-  integrity sha512-ZySD7Nf91aLB0RxL4KGrKHBXl7Eds1DAmEdcoVawXnLD7SDhpNgtuII2aAkg7a7QS41jxPSZ17p4VdGnMHk3MQ==
-
 detect-newline@^3.0.0:
   version "3.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/detect-newline/-/detect-newline-3.1.0.tgz#576f5dfc63ae1a192ff192d8ad3af6308991b651"
@@ -2233,11 +2199,6 @@ flatted@^3.2.9:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/flatted/-/flatted-3.4.4.tgz#aeeca2a506303f0cee61c59e6c9f2a88d2f29fc6"
   integrity sha512-5+ybhBZANEJxaH3X5evAFatUxLfEHSr7n6kYJ+1Qd0mUqr4eu9gIf6GDbWHf8RJijHrjjO8G+la14SlL2SeS1Q==
 
-follow-redirects@^1.16.0:
-  version "1.16.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.16.0.tgz#28474a159d3b9d11ef62050a14ed60e4df6d61bc"
-  integrity sha512-y5rN/uOsadFT/JfYwhxRS5R7Qce+g3zG97+JrtFZlC9klX/W5hD7iiLzScI4nZqUS7DNUdhPgw4xI8W2LuXlUw==
-
 for-each@^0.3.3, for-each@^0.3.5:
   version "0.3.5"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/for-each/-/for-each-0.3.5.tgz#d650688027826920feeb0af747ee7b9421a41d47"
@@ -2245,17 +2206,6 @@ for-each@^0.3.3, for-each@^0.3.5:
   dependencies:
     is-callable "^1.2.7"
 
-form-data@^4.0.6:
-  version "4.0.6"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.6.tgz#28e864e1b786dbebb68db1f452f9635278665827"
-  integrity sha512-vKatAh4SlVfgbv+YtmhiRjhEMJsYpsG1Y2rMQtR+SVSbytsSD1YGzDIcrAJmdFec88u/+VoGmxnl+80gL1tRCQ==
-  dependencies:
-    asynckit "^0.4.0"
-    combined-stream "^1.0.8"
-    es-set-tostringtag "^2.1.0"
-    hasown "^2.0.4"
-    mime-types "^2.1.35"
-
 fs.realpath@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz#1504ad2523158caa40db4a2787cb01411994ea4f"
@@ -2504,14 +2454,6 @@ html-escaper@^2.0.0:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/html-escaper/-/html-escaper-2.0.2.tgz#dfd60027da36a36dfcbe236262c00a5822681453"
   integrity sha512-H2iMtd0I4Mt5eYiapRdIDjp+XzelXQ0tFE4JS7YFwFevXXMmOp9myNrUvCg0D6ws8iqkRPBfKHgbwig1SmlLfg==
 
-https-proxy-agent@^5.0.1:
-  version "5.0.1"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/https-proxy-agent/-/https-proxy-agent-5.0.1.tgz#c59ef224a04fe8b754f3db0063a25ea30d0005d6"
-  integrity sha512-dFcAjpTQFgoLMzC2VwU+C/CbS7uRL0lWmxDITmqm7C+7F0Odmj6s9l6alZc6AELXhrnggM2CeWSXHGOdX2YtwA==
-  dependencies:
-    agent-base "6"
-    debug "4"
-
 human-signals@^2.1.0:
   version "2.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/human-signals/-/human-signals-2.1.0.tgz#dc91fcba42e4d06e4abaed33b3e7a3c02f514ea0"
@@ -3426,18 +3368,6 @@ micromatch@^4.0.4, micromatch@^4.0.8:
     braces "^3.0.3"
     picomatch "^2.3.1"
 
-mime-db@1.52.0:
-  version "1.52.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz#bbabcdc02859f4987301c856e3387ce5ec43bf70"
-  integrity sha512-sPU4uV7dYlvtWJxwwxHD0PuihVNiE7TyAbQ5SWxDCB9mUYvOgroQOwYQQOKPJ8CIbE+1ETVlOoK1UC2nU3gYvg==
-
-mime-types@^2.1.35:
-  version "2.1.35"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.35.tgz#381a871b62a734450660ae3deee44813f70d959a"
-  integrity sha512-ZDY+bPm5zTTF+YpCrAU9nK0UgICYPT0QtT1NZWFv4s++TNkcgVaT0g6+4R2uI4MjQjzysHB1zxuWL50hzaeXiw==
-  dependencies:
-    mime-db "1.52.0"
-
 mimic-fn@^2.1.0:
   version "2.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mimic-fn/-/mimic-fn-2.1.0.tgz#7ed2c2ccccaf84d3ffcb7a69b57711fc2083401b"
@@ -3686,13 +3616,6 @@ partisia-blockchain-applications-crypto@^1.0.23, partisia-blockchain-application
     merkletreejs "^0.3.11"
     zxcvbn "^4.4.2"
 
-partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc@^1.0.13:
-  version "1.0.13"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc/-/partisia-blockchain-applications-rpc-1.0.13.tgz#5d1ad46ef2d440769ba9d9f05a294b3d3f3500a6"
-  integrity sha512-4W1RLkIzruhBMql4Ls7W2n2oIEiGhpbVy3g78QOw/Eb8BX6xIBHUmkf4q2ldBcTN7bs5UQROvhKyksfPKGbXng==
-  dependencies:
-    axios "^1.6.2"
-
 partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk@^0.1.4:
   version "0.1.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk/-/partisia-blockchain-applications-sdk-0.1.4.tgz#3b8f488651e02b8beb7abb045dcb2c602948b246"
@@ -3781,11 +3704,6 @@ prompts@^2.0.1:
     kleur "^3.0.3"
     sisteransi "^1.0.5"
 
-proxy-from-env@^2.1.0:
-  version "2.1.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/proxy-from-env/-/proxy-from-env-2.1.0.tgz#a7487568adad577cfaaa7e88c49cab3ab3081aba"
-  integrity sha512-cJ+oHTW1VAEa8cJslgmUZrc+sjRKgAKl3Zyse6+PV38hZe/V6Z14TbCuXcan9F9ghlz4QrFr2c92TNF82UkYHA==
-
 punycode@^2.1.0:
   version "2.3.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/punycode/-/punycode-2.3.1.tgz#027422e2faec0b25e1549c3e1bd8309b9133b6e5"