From 2167c747b49f2f515447bc48fe693621c2d8853f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 09:29:46 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] EnvironmentControls: Add flight support

---
 example/three/index.js                        |  55 ++--
 .../three/src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js    | 279 ------------------
 .../controls/EnvironmentControls.d.ts         |   5 +
 .../renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js  | 116 +++++++-
 4 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 310 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 example/three/src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js

diff --git a/example/three/index.js b/example/three/index.js
index 55f6f6cb8..c61d7deff 100644
--- a/example/three/index.js
+++ b/example/three/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import {
 	TilesRenderer,
+	EnvironmentControls,
 } from '3d-tiles-renderer';
 import {
 	DebugTilesPlugin,
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ import {
 	OrthographicCamera,
 	Sphere,
 } from 'three';
-import { FlyOrbitControls } from './src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js';
 import * as BufferGeometryUtils from 'three/addons/utils/BufferGeometryUtils.js';
 import { DRACOLoader } from 'three/addons/loaders/DRACOLoader.js';
 import { KTX2Loader } from 'three/addons/loaders/KTX2Loader.js';
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ function init() {
 
 	camera = new PerspectiveCamera( 60, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 10000 );
 	camera.position.set( 400, 400, 400 );
+	camera.lookAt( 0, 0, 0 );
 	cameraHelper = new CameraHelper( camera );
 	scene.add( cameraHelper );
 
@@ -168,10 +169,12 @@ function init() {
 	secondRenderer.domElement.style.outline = '#0f1416 solid 2px';
 	secondRenderer.domElement.tabIndex = 1;
 
-	secondControls = new FlyOrbitControls( secondCamera, secondRenderer.domElement );
-	secondControls.screenSpacePanning = false;
+	secondControls = new EnvironmentControls( null, secondCamera, secondRenderer.domElement );
+	secondControls.enableFlight = true;
+	secondControls.flightSpeed = 200;
 	secondControls.minDistance = 1;
 	secondControls.maxDistance = 5000;
+	secondControls.useFallbackPlane = false;
 
 	secondCameraHelper = new CameraHelper( secondCamera );
 	scene.add( secondCameraHelper );
@@ -192,16 +195,20 @@ function init() {
 	thirdPersonRenderer.domElement.style.bottom = '5px';
 	thirdPersonRenderer.domElement.tabIndex = 1;
 
-	thirdPersonControls = new FlyOrbitControls( thirdPersonCamera, thirdPersonRenderer.domElement );
-	thirdPersonControls.screenSpacePanning = false;
+	thirdPersonControls = new EnvironmentControls( null, thirdPersonCamera, thirdPersonRenderer.domElement );
+	thirdPersonControls.enableFlight = true;
+	thirdPersonControls.flightSpeed = 200;
 	thirdPersonControls.minDistance = 1;
 	thirdPersonControls.maxDistance = 5000;
+	thirdPersonControls.useFallbackPlane = false;
 
 	// controls
-	controls = new FlyOrbitControls( camera, renderer.domElement );
-	controls.screenSpacePanning = false;
+	controls = new EnvironmentControls( null, camera, renderer.domElement );
+	controls.enableFlight = true;
+	controls.flightSpeed = 200;
 	controls.minDistance = 1;
 	controls.maxDistance = 5000;
+	controls.useFallbackPlane = false;
 
 	// lights
 	const dirLight = new DirectionalLight( 0xffffff, 4 );
@@ -217,6 +224,10 @@ function init() {
 	offsetParent = new Group();
 	scene.add( offsetParent );
 
+	controls.setScene( offsetParent );
+	secondControls.setScene( offsetParent );
+	thirdPersonControls.setScene( offsetParent );
+
 	geospatialRotationParent = new Group();
 	offsetParent.add( geospatialRotationParent );
 
@@ -405,28 +416,12 @@ function onPointerUp( e ) {
 	if ( results.length ) {
 
 		const object = results[ 0 ].object;
-		const info = tiles.getPluginByName( 'DEBUG_TILES_PLUGIN' ).getTileInformationFromActiveObject( object );
+		const tile = tiles.getPluginByName( 'DEBUG_TILES_PLUGIN' ).getTileFromObject3D( object );
 
 		let str = '';
-		for ( const key in info ) {
-
-			let val = info[ key ];
-			if ( typeof val === 'number' ) {
-
-				val = Math.floor( val * 1e5 ) / 1e5;
-
-			}
-
-			let name = key;
-			while ( name.length < 20 ) {
-
-				name += ' ';
-
-			}
-
-			str += `${ name } : ${ val }\n`;
-
-		}
+		str += `geometricError : ${ tile.geometricError.toFixed( 3 ) }\n`;
+		str += `error          : ${ tile.traversal.error.toFixed( 3 ) }\n`;
+		str += `refine         : ${ tile.refine }\n`;
 
 		console.log( str );
 
@@ -439,7 +434,7 @@ function updateOrthoCamera() {
 	orthoCamera.position.copy( camera.position );
 	orthoCamera.rotation.copy( camera.rotation );
 
-	const scale = camera.position.distanceTo( controls.target ) / 2.0;
+	const scale = camera.position.distanceTo( controls.pivotPoint ) / 2.0;
 	let aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
 	if ( params.showSecondView ) {
 
@@ -590,6 +585,10 @@ function animate() {
 	window.tiles = tiles;
 	if ( params.enableUpdate ) {
 
+		controls.update();
+		secondControls.update();
+		thirdPersonControls.update();
+
 		secondCamera.updateMatrixWorld();
 		camera.updateMatrixWorld();
 		orthoCamera.updateMatrixWorld();
diff --git a/example/three/src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js b/example/three/src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ccd844c88..000000000
--- a/example/three/src/controls/FlyOrbitControls.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-import { Clock, Vector3, Vector4 } from 'three';
-import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
-
-const changeEvent = { type: 'fly-change' };
-const startEvent = { type: 'fly-start' };
-const endEvent = { type: 'fly-end' };
-const tempVector = new Vector4( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
-export class FlyOrbitControls extends OrbitControls {
-
-	constructor( camera, domElement ) {
-
-		// Disable use of shift key so we can use it for acceleration
-		const disableShiftKeyCallback = e => {
-
-			if ( this.enabled ) {
-
-				Object.defineProperty( e, 'shiftKey', { get() {
-
-					return false;
-
-				} } );
-
-			}
-
-		};
-
-		domElement.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', disableShiftKeyCallback );
-
-		super( camera, domElement );
-
-		this.enableKeys = false;
-		this.enableFlight = true;
-		this.baseSpeed = 1;
-		this.fastSpeed = 4;
-		this.forwardKey = 'w';
-		this.backKey = 's';
-		this.leftKey = 'a';
-		this.rightKey = 'd';
-		this.upKey = 'q';
-		this.downKey = 'e';
-		this.fastKey = 'shift';
-
-		let fastHeld = false;
-		let forwardHeld = false;
-		let backHeld = false;
-		let leftHeld = false;
-		let rightHeld = false;
-		let upHeld = false;
-		let downHeld = false;
-
-		let originalDistance = 0;
-		let originalMinDistance = 0;
-		let originalMaxDistance = 0;
-		let rafHandle = - 1;
-		const originalTarget = new Vector3();
-		const clock = new Clock();
-
-		const endFlight = () => {
-
-			if ( rafHandle !== - 1 ) {
-
-				// cancel the animation playing
-				cancelAnimationFrame( rafHandle );
-				rafHandle = - 1;
-
-				// store the original distances for the controls
-				this.minDistance = originalMinDistance;
-				this.maxDistance = originalMaxDistance;
-
-				const targetDistance = Math.min( originalDistance, camera.position.distanceTo( originalTarget ) );
-				tempVector
-					.set( 0, 0, - 1, 0 )
-					.applyMatrix4( camera.matrixWorld );
-				this
-					.target
-					.copy( camera.position )
-					.addScaledVector( tempVector, targetDistance );
-
-				this.dispatchEvent( endEvent );
-
-			}
-
-		};
-
-		const updateFlight = () => {
-
-			if ( ! this.enabled || ! this.enableFlight ) {
-
-				return;
-
-			}
-
-			rafHandle = requestAnimationFrame( updateFlight );
-
-			// get the direction
-			tempVector.set( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
-			if ( forwardHeld ) tempVector.z -= 1;
-			if ( backHeld ) tempVector.z += 1;
-			if ( leftHeld ) tempVector.x -= 1;
-			if ( rightHeld ) tempVector.x += 1;
-			if ( upHeld ) tempVector.y += 1;
-			if ( downHeld ) tempVector.y -= 1;
-			tempVector.applyMatrix4( camera.matrixWorld );
-
-			// apply the movement
-			const delta = 60 * clock.getDelta();
-			const speed = fastHeld ? this.fastSpeed : this.baseSpeed;
-			camera
-				.position
-				.addScaledVector( tempVector, speed * delta );
-			this
-				.target
-				.addScaledVector( tempVector, speed * delta );
-
-			this.dispatchEvent( changeEvent );
-
-		};
-
-		const keyDownCallback = e => {
-
-			const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
-
-			if ( rafHandle === - 1 ) {
-
-				originalMaxDistance = this.maxDistance;
-				originalMinDistance = this.minDistance;
-				originalDistance = camera.position.distanceTo( this.target );
-				originalTarget.copy( this.target );
-
-			}
-
-			switch ( key ) {
-
-				case this.forwardKey:
-					forwardHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.backKey:
-					backHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.leftKey:
-					leftHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.rightKey:
-					rightHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.upKey:
-					upHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.downKey:
-					downHeld = true;
-					break;
-				case this.fastKey:
-					fastHeld = true;
-					break;
-
-			}
-
-			switch ( key ) {
-
-				case this.fastKey:
-				case this.forwardKey:
-				case this.backKey:
-				case this.leftKey:
-				case this.rightKey:
-				case this.upKey:
-				case this.downKey:
-					e.stopPropagation();
-					e.preventDefault();
-
-			}
-
-			if ( forwardHeld || backHeld || leftHeld || rightHeld || upHeld || downHeld || fastHeld ) {
-
-				this.minDistance = 0.01;
-				this.maxDistance = 0.01;
-
-				// Move the orbit target out to just in front of the camera
-				tempVector
-					.set( 0, 0, - 1, 0 )
-					.applyMatrix4( camera.matrixWorld );
-				this
-					.target
-					.copy( camera.position )
-					.addScaledVector( tempVector, 0.01 );
-
-				if ( rafHandle === - 1 ) {
-
-					// start the flight and reset the clock
-					this.dispatchEvent( startEvent );
-					clock.getDelta();
-					updateFlight();
-
-				}
-
-			}
-
-		};
-
-		const keyUpCallback = e => {
-
-			const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
-
-			switch ( key ) {
-
-				case this.fastKey:
-				case this.forwardKey:
-				case this.backKey:
-				case this.leftKey:
-				case this.rightKey:
-				case this.upKey:
-				case this.downKey:
-					e.stopPropagation();
-					e.preventDefault();
-
-			}
-
-			switch ( key ) {
-
-				case this.forwardKey:
-					forwardHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.backKey:
-					backHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.leftKey:
-					leftHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.rightKey:
-					rightHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.upKey:
-					upHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.downKey:
-					downHeld = false;
-					break;
-				case this.fastKey:
-					fastHeld = false;
-					break;
-
-			}
-
-			if ( ! ( forwardHeld || backHeld || leftHeld || rightHeld || upHeld || downHeld || fastHeld ) ) {
-
-				endFlight();
-
-			}
-
-		};
-
-		const blurCallback = () => {
-
-			endFlight();
-
-		};
-
-		this.blurCallback = blurCallback;
-		this.keyDownCallback = keyDownCallback;
-		this.keyUpCallback = keyUpCallback;
-		this.disableShiftKeyCallback = disableShiftKeyCallback;
-
-		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'blur', blurCallback );
-		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'keydown', keyDownCallback );
-		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'keyup', keyUpCallback );
-
-	}
-
-	dispose() {
-
-		super.dispose();
-
-		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'blur', this.blurCallback );
-		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'keydown', this.keyDownCallback );
-		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'keyup', this.keyUpCallback );
-		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this.disableShiftKeyCallback );
-
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.d.ts b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.d.ts
index a7155f823..491a9aa3e 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.d.ts
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.d.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher<EnvironmentControlsEven
 	fallbackPlane: Plane;
 	up: Vector3;
 
+	// flight
+	enableFlight: boolean;
+	flightSpeed: number;
+	flightSpeedMultiplier: number;
+
 	constructor(
 		scene?: Object3D,
 		camera?: Camera,
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index ce365c383..69ab76d9e 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ const _mouseBefore = /* @__PURE__ */ new Vector3();
 const _mouseAfter = /* @__PURE__ */ new Vector3();
 const _identityQuat = /* @__PURE__ */ new Quaternion();
 const _ray = /* @__PURE__ */ new Ray();
+const _flightDir = /* @__PURE__ */ new Vector3();
 
 const _zoomPointPointer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Vector2();
 const _pointer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Vector2();
@@ -194,6 +195,27 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		this.scaleZoomOrientationAtEdges = false;
 		this.autoAdjustCameraRotation = true;
 
+		// flight
+		/**
+		 * When true, WASD/QE keys move the camera freely through space. Default is false.
+		 * @type {boolean}
+		 */
+		this.enableFlight = false;
+
+		/**
+		 * Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight. Default is 10.
+		 * @type {number}
+		 */
+		this.flightSpeed = 10;
+
+		/**
+		 * Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight. Default is 4.
+		 * @type {number}
+		 */
+		this.flightSpeedMultiplier = 4;
+
+		this._keysDown = new Set();
+
 		// internal state
 		this.state = NONE;
 		this.pointerTracker = new PointerTracker();
@@ -621,6 +643,28 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		document.addEventListener( 'pointerup', pointerupCallback );
 		document.addEventListener( 'pointerleave', pointerleaveCallback );
 
+		const keydownCallback = e => {
+
+			this._keysDown.add( e.key.toLowerCase() );
+
+		};
+
+		const keyupCallback = e => {
+
+			this._keysDown.delete( e.key.toLowerCase() );
+
+		};
+
+		const blurCallback = () => {
+
+			this._keysDown.clear();
+
+		};
+
+		window.addEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
+		window.addEventListener( 'keyup', keyupCallback );
+		window.addEventListener( 'blur', blurCallback );
+
 		this._detachCallback = () => {
 
 			domElement.removeEventListener( 'contextmenu', contextMenuCallback );
@@ -631,6 +675,10 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			document.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', pointerupCallback );
 			document.removeEventListener( 'pointerleave', pointerleaveCallback );
 
+			window.removeEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
+			window.removeEventListener( 'keyup', keyupCallback );
+			window.removeEventListener( 'blur', blurCallback );
+
 		};
 
 	}
@@ -850,10 +898,19 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		}
 
+		const didFly = this._updateFlight( deltaTime );
+		if ( didFly ) {
+
+			this.dragInertia.set( 0, 0, 0 );
+			this.rotationInertia.set( 0, 0, 0 );
+			this.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );
+
+		}
+
 		// update the up direction based on where the camera moved to
 		// if using an orthographic camera then rotate around drag pivot
 		// reuse the "hit" information since it can be slow to perform multiple hits
-		const hit = camera.isOrthographicCamera ? null : adjustHeight && this._getPointBelowCamera() || null;
+		const hit = camera.isOrthographicCamera ? null : ( adjustHeight && ! didFly && this._getPointBelowCamera() ) || null;
 		this.getCameraUpDirection( _localUp );
 		this._setFrame( _localUp );
 
@@ -893,7 +950,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		this.pointerTracker.updateFrame();
 
-		if ( adjustCameraRotation && autoAdjustCameraRotation ) {
+		if ( ( adjustCameraRotation && autoAdjustCameraRotation ) || didFly ) {
 
 			this.getCameraUpDirection( _localUp );
 			this._alignCameraUp( _localUp, 1 );
@@ -901,7 +958,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			this.getCameraUpDirection( _localUp );
 			this._clampRotation( _localUp );
 
-
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -1057,6 +1113,60 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 	}
 
+	_updateFlight( deltaTime ) {
+
+		const {
+			camera,
+			enableFlight,
+			flightSpeed,
+			flightSpeedMultiplier,
+			_keysDown,
+		} = this;
+
+		if ( ! enableFlight ) {
+
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		// get key state
+		const forward = _keysDown.has( 'w' ) || _keysDown.has( 'arrowup' );
+		const back = _keysDown.has( 's' ) || _keysDown.has( 'arrowdown' );
+		const left = _keysDown.has( 'a' ) || _keysDown.has( 'arrowleft' );
+		const right = _keysDown.has( 'd' ) || _keysDown.has( 'arrowright' );
+		const up = _keysDown.has( 'q' );
+		const down = _keysDown.has( 'e' );
+
+		// calculate speed
+		const mult = _keysDown.has( 'shift' ) ? flightSpeedMultiplier : 1;
+		const speed = mult * flightSpeed * deltaTime;
+
+		// calculate direction
+		_flightDir.set(
+			( right ? 1 : 0 ) - ( left ? 1 : 0 ),
+			( up ? 1 : 0 ) - ( down ? 1 : 0 ),
+			( back ? 1 : 0 ) - ( forward ? 1 : 0 ),
+		);
+
+		// early out if there's no flight direction
+		if ( _flightDir.lengthSq() === 0 ) {
+
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		// fly relative to the camera direction
+		_flightDir
+			.normalize()
+			.transformDirection( camera.matrixWorld );
+
+		camera.position.addScaledVector( _flightDir, speed );
+		camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
 	_updateZoom() {
 
 		const {

From 4c685d70aad201a57dce64fb259fb948c4608d46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 09:53:44 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Add free rotation

---
 .../renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js  | 33 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index 69ab76d9e..e1551f0a9 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export const DRAG = 1;
 export const ROTATE = 2;
 export const ZOOM = 3;
 export const WAITING = 4;
+export const FREE_ROTATE = 5;
 
 const DRAG_PLANE_THRESHOLD = 0.05;
 const DRAG_UP_THRESHOLD = 0.025;
@@ -410,6 +411,21 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 			}
 
+			// flight mode with shift held: free-look around the camera origin, skip raycasting
+			if (
+				this.enableFlight &&
+				! pointerTracker.isPointerTouch() && (
+					pointerTracker.isRightClicked() ||
+					pointerTracker.isLeftClicked() && e.shiftKey
+				)
+			) {
+
+				pivotPoint.copy( camera.position );
+				this.setState( FREE_ROTATE );
+				return;
+
+			}
+
 			// find the hit point
 			const hit = this._raycast( raycaster );
 			if ( hit ) {
@@ -877,7 +893,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			this._updatePosition( deltaTime );
 			this._updateRotation( deltaTime );
 
-			if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE ) {
+			if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE || state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
 
 				_forward.set( 0, 0, - 1 ).transformDirection( camera.matrixWorld );
 				this.inertiaTargetDistance = _vec.copy( pivotPoint ).sub( camera.position ).dot( _forward );
@@ -917,7 +933,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		// when dragging the camera and drag point may be moved
 		// to accommodate terrain so we try to move it back down
 		// to the original point.
-		if ( ( this.state === DRAG || this.state === ROTATE ) && this.actionHeightOffset !== 0 ) {
+		if ( ( this.state === DRAG || this.state === ROTATE || this.state === FREE_ROTATE ) && this.actionHeightOffset !== 0 ) {
 
 			const { actionHeightOffset } = this;
 			camera.position.addScaledVector( up, - actionHeightOffset );
@@ -1483,7 +1499,14 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			rotationInertia,
 		} = this;
 
-		if ( state === ROTATE ) {
+		if ( state === ROTATE || state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
+
+			// keep the pivot glued to the camera for first-person look-around
+			if ( state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
+
+				pivotPoint.copy( this.camera.position );
+
+			}
 
 			// get the rotation motion and divide out the container height to normalize for element size
 			pointerTracker.getCenterPoint( _pointer );
@@ -1689,7 +1712,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		// calculate the active point
 		let fixedPoint = null;
-		if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE ) {
+		if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE || state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
 
 			fixedPoint = _pos.copy( pivotPoint );
 
@@ -1770,7 +1793,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		// calculate the active point
 		let fixedPoint = null;
-		if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE ) {
+		if ( state === DRAG || state === ROTATE || state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
 
 			fixedPoint = _pos.copy( pivotPoint );
 

From 7be9f2e8343ea805775befd3fd0f096aec6c9100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 10:46:01 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Updates

---
 example/three/googleMapsExample.js            |  3 +
 src/three/renderer/API.md                     | 30 ++++++++
 .../renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js  | 70 +++++++++++++++----
 src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js  | 61 +++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/example/three/googleMapsExample.js b/example/three/googleMapsExample.js
index 533a52248..dfea2d00a 100644
--- a/example/three/googleMapsExample.js
+++ b/example/three/googleMapsExample.js
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ function init() {
 	// controls
 	controls = new GlobeControls( scene, transition.camera, renderer.domElement, null );
 	controls.enableDamping = true;
+	controls.enableFlight = true;
+	controls.flightSpeed = 0.5;
+	controls.maxAltitude = Math.PI / 2;
 
 	// initialize tiles
 	reinstantiateTiles();
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index 17074c301..8045c311d 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -600,6 +600,36 @@ useFallbackPlane: boolean
 When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry. Default is true.
 
 
+### .enableFlight
+
+```js
+enableFlight: boolean
+```
+
+When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
+up/down, and Shift multiplies speed by `flightSpeedMultiplier`. Right-click or Shift+left-click
+enters free-look mode, rotating the camera in place without requiring a surface hit. Only
+supported for perspective cameras. Default is false.
+
+
+### .flightSpeed
+
+```js
+flightSpeed: number
+```
+
+Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight. Default is 10.
+
+
+### .flightSpeedMultiplier
+
+```js
+flightSpeedMultiplier: number
+```
+
+Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight. Default is 4.
+
+
 ### .constructor
 
 ```js
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index e1551f0a9..c04f0f6d3 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -192,13 +192,12 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		 */
 		this.useFallbackPlane = true;
 
-		// settings for GlobeControls
-		this.scaleZoomOrientationAtEdges = false;
-		this.autoAdjustCameraRotation = true;
-
 		// flight
 		/**
-		 * When true, WASD/QE keys move the camera freely through space. Default is false.
+		 * When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
+		 * up/down, and Shift multiplies speed by `flightSpeedMultiplier`. Right-click or Shift+left-click
+		 * enters free-look mode, rotating the camera in place without requiring a surface hit. Only
+		 * supported for perspective cameras. Default is false.
 		 * @type {boolean}
 		 */
 		this.enableFlight = false;
@@ -215,7 +214,10 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		 */
 		this.flightSpeedMultiplier = 4;
 
-		this._keysDown = new Set();
+
+		// settings for GlobeControls
+		this.scaleZoomOrientationAtEdges = false;
+		this.autoAdjustCameraRotation = true;
 
 		// internal state
 		this.state = NONE;
@@ -252,6 +254,8 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		this.up = new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 );
 		this._lastTime = performance.now();
 
+		this._keysDown = new Set();
+
 		this._detachCallback = null;
 		this._upInitialized = false;
 		this._lastUsedState = NONE;
@@ -370,6 +374,8 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 				scene,
 				pivotPoint,
 				enabled,
+				enableFlight,
+				_keysDown,
 			} = this;
 
 			// init the pointer
@@ -411,12 +417,25 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 			}
 
-			// flight mode with shift held: free-look around the camera origin, skip raycasting
+			// free-look around the camera origin when flight is active with any flight key held, or shift/right-click
+			const anyFlightKey =
+				_keysDown.has( 'w' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 's' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'a' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'd' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'q' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'e' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowup' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowdown' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowleft' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowright' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'shift' );
+
 			if (
-				this.enableFlight &&
+				enableFlight && anyFlightKey &&
 				! pointerTracker.isPointerTouch() && (
 					pointerTracker.isRightClicked() ||
-					pointerTracker.isLeftClicked() && e.shiftKey
+					pointerTracker.isLeftClicked()
 				)
 			) {
 
@@ -661,7 +680,28 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		const keydownCallback = e => {
 
-			this._keysDown.add( e.key.toLowerCase() );
+			const { _keysDown, state } = this;
+
+			_keysDown.add( e.key.toLowerCase() );
+
+			const anyFlightKey =
+				_keysDown.has( 'w' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 's' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'a' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'd' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'q' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'e' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowup' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowdown' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowleft' ) ||
+				_keysDown.has( 'arrowright' );
+
+			if ( anyFlightKey && state !== FREE_ROTATE ) {
+
+				this.resetState();
+
+			}
+
 
 		};
 
@@ -1129,6 +1169,12 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 	}
 
+	_getFlightSpeedScale() {
+
+		return 1;
+
+	}
+
 	_updateFlight( deltaTime ) {
 
 		const {
@@ -1139,7 +1185,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			_keysDown,
 		} = this;
 
-		if ( ! enableFlight ) {
+		if ( ! enableFlight || camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {
 
 			return false;
 
@@ -1155,7 +1201,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		// calculate speed
 		const mult = _keysDown.has( 'shift' ) ? flightSpeedMultiplier : 1;
-		const speed = mult * flightSpeed * deltaTime;
+		const speed = mult * flightSpeed * this._getFlightSpeedScale() * deltaTime;
 
 		// calculate direction
 		_flightDir.set(
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
index 48810a2dd..99a562463 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 	Ray,
 	Group,
 } from 'three';
-import { DRAG, ZOOM, EnvironmentControls, NONE } from './EnvironmentControls.js';
+import { DRAG, ZOOM, FREE_ROTATE, EnvironmentControls, NONE } from './EnvironmentControls.js';
 import { makeRotateAroundPoint, adjustedPointerToCoords, setRaycasterFromCamera } from './utils.js';
 import { Ellipsoid } from '../math/Ellipsoid.js';
 import { WGS84_ELLIPSOID } from '../math/GeoConstants.js';
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		this.adjustCamera( camera );
 
 		// align the camera up vector if the camera as updated
-		if ( adjustCameraRotation && this._isNearControls() ) {
+		if ( adjustCameraRotation && ( this._isNearControls() || this.state === FREE_ROTATE ) ) {
 
 			this.getCameraUpDirection( _globalUp );
 			this._alignCameraUp( _globalUp, 1 );
@@ -459,6 +459,54 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 
 	}
 
+	_getFlightSpeedScale() {
+
+		// Scale speed proportionally to altitude so movement feels consistent at any distance.
+		// The 1000 m floor prevents movement becoming imperceptibly slow near the surface.
+		const altitude = this.getDistanceToCenter() - this._getMaxWorldRadius();
+		return 2 * Math.max( altitude, 1000 );
+
+	}
+
+	_updateFlight( deltaTime ) {
+
+		const { camera } = this;
+
+		const didFly = super._updateFlight( deltaTime );
+		if ( didFly ) {
+
+			// prevent flying past the point where the globe would be too small, just like mouse zoom.
+			const maxDistance = this._getMaxPerspectiveDistance();
+			const distToCenter = this.getDistanceToCenter();
+			if ( distToCenter > maxDistance ) {
+
+				this.getVectorToCenter( _vec ).normalize();
+				camera.position.addScaledVector( _vec, distToCenter - maxDistance );
+				camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+
+			}
+
+			// Outside the near-controls zone (high altitude / space view), gently nudge the
+			// camera to keep the globe centered and the horizon level — matching the behavior
+			// of scroll-zoom at the same distance. Alpha scales from 0 at the transition
+			// threshold to full strength at maxDistance.
+			if ( ! this._isNearControls() ) {
+
+				const distanceAlpha = MathUtils.clamp(
+					MathUtils.mapLinear( this.getDistanceToCenter(), this._getPerspectiveTransitionDistance(), maxDistance, 0, 1 ),
+					0, 1,
+				);
+				this._tiltTowardsCenter( 0.02 * distanceAlpha );
+				this._alignCameraUpToNorth( 0.01 * distanceAlpha );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return didFly;
+
+	}
+
 	_updatePosition( deltaTime ) {
 
 		if ( this.state === DRAG ) {
@@ -540,6 +588,14 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 	// disable rotation once we're outside the control transition
 	_updateRotation( ...args ) {
 
+		// FREE_ROTATE is always allowed regardless of globe proximity
+		if ( this.state === FREE_ROTATE ) {
+
+			super._updateRotation( ...args );
+			return;
+
+		}
+
 		if ( this._rotationMode === 1 || this._isNearControls() ) {
 
 			this._rotationMode = 1;
@@ -552,7 +608,6 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 
 		}
 
-
 	}
 
 	_updateZoom() {

From bf36de521daab812cd4e7e82198ae4be8264f8a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 11:38:57 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] fix focus

---
 .../renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js  | 33 ++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index c04f0f6d3..4f829dc80 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -340,6 +340,15 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		this.pointerTracker.domElement = domElement;
 		domElement.style.touchAction = 'none';
 
+		// Ensure the element can receive keyboard focus. If no tabindex attribute is
+		// present, set it to -1 so the element is programmatically focusable without
+		// being inserted into the tab order.
+		if ( ! domElement.hasAttribute( 'tabindex' ) ) {
+
+			domElement.tabIndex = - 1;
+
+		}
+
 		const contextMenuCallback = e => {
 
 			// exit early if the controls are disabled
@@ -355,15 +364,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		const pointerdownCallback = e => {
 
-			// exit early if the controls are disabled
-			if ( ! this.enabled ) {
-
-				return;
-
-			}
-
-			e.preventDefault();
-
 			const {
 				camera,
 				raycaster,
@@ -378,6 +378,17 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 				_keysDown,
 			} = this;
 
+
+			// exit early if the controls are disabled
+			if ( ! this.enabled ) {
+
+				return;
+
+			}
+
+			e.preventDefault();
+			domElement.focus();
+
 			// init the pointer
 			pointerTracker.addPointer( e );
 			this.needsUpdate = true;
@@ -717,7 +728,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 		};
 
-		window.addEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
+		domElement.addEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
 		window.addEventListener( 'keyup', keyupCallback );
 		window.addEventListener( 'blur', blurCallback );
 
@@ -731,7 +742,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 			document.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', pointerupCallback );
 			document.removeEventListener( 'pointerleave', pointerleaveCallback );
 
-			window.removeEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
+			domElement.removeEventListener( 'keydown', keydownCallback );
 			window.removeEventListener( 'keyup', keyupCallback );
 			window.removeEventListener( 'blur', blurCallback );
 

From 558f48b4756da689244f000a47083e58acad0e0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 11:44:59 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Remove lines

---
 src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index 4f829dc80..01c42e5fe 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		 */
 		this.useFallbackPlane = true;
 
-		// flight
 		/**
 		 * When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
 		 * up/down, and Shift multiplies speed by `flightSpeedMultiplier`. Right-click or Shift+left-click
@@ -214,7 +213,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		 */
 		this.flightSpeedMultiplier = 4;
 
-
 		// settings for GlobeControls
 		this.scaleZoomOrientationAtEdges = false;
 		this.autoAdjustCameraRotation = true;

From 9adc50025e2adca45bcdd2bf7c771e3bb60b5f70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 11:46:23 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Stylistic

---
 src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index 01c42e5fe..38d2f5953 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -376,7 +376,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 				_keysDown,
 			} = this;
 
-
 			// exit early if the controls are disabled
 			if ( ! this.enabled ) {
 
@@ -693,6 +692,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 			_keysDown.add( e.key.toLowerCase() );
 
+			// reset any activities if a key is pressed unless FREE_ROTATE is being used
 			const anyFlightKey =
 				_keysDown.has( 'w' ) ||
 				_keysDown.has( 's' ) ||
@@ -711,7 +711,6 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 
 			}
 
-
 		};
 
 		const keyupCallback = e => {

From 7250d794742d1b580faa260f6a5d9458089062e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 12:00:32 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] Add "@default" annotations

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md                      |  7 +--
 src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js  |  4 +-
 src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js       |  3 +-
 src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js  |  9 +--
 src/three/plugins/DebugTilesPlugin.js         |  1 +
 src/three/renderer/API.md                     | 55 +++++++++----------
 .../controls/CameraTransitionManager.js       | 15 +++--
 .../renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js  | 51 +++++++++++------
 src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js  |  9 ++-
 src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js     |  6 +-
 10 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index d68cbce61..73b36bc90 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ unloadPriorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null
 ```
 
 Comparator used to determine eviction order. Items that sort last are evicted first.
-Defaults to `null` (eviction order is by last-used time).
+When `null`, eviction order is by last-used time.
 
 
 ### .minSize
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ priorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null
 ```
 
 Comparator used to sort queued items. Higher-priority items should sort last
-(i.e. return positive when `itemA` should run before `itemB`). Defaults to `null`.
+(i.e. return positive when `itemA` should run before `itemB`).
 
 
 ### .sort
@@ -907,9 +907,6 @@ tiles to load first. Prevents visual gaps and flashing during camera movement.
 
 Based in part on [Cesium Native tile selection](https://cesium.com/learn/cesium-native/ref-doc/selection-algorithm-details.html).
 
-Default is `false`, which uses the previous approach of loading all parent and sibling
-tiles for guaranteed smooth transitions.
-
 > [!WARNING]
 > Setting is currently incompatible with plugins that split tiles and on-the-fly generate and
 > dispose of child tiles including the `ImageOverlayPlugin` `enableTileSplitting` setting,
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js b/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
index b83701be2..7928fe3f4 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
@@ -571,14 +571,12 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 * tiles to load first. Prevents visual gaps and flashing during camera movement.
 		 *
 		 * Based in part on {@link https://cesium.com/learn/cesium-native/ref-doc/selection-algorithm-details.html Cesium Native tile selection}.
-		 *
-		 * Default is `false`, which uses the previous approach of loading all parent and sibling
-		 * tiles for guaranteed smooth transitions.
 		 * @warn Setting is currently incompatible with plugins that split tiles and on-the-fly generate and
 		 * dispose of child tiles including the `ImageOverlayPlugin` `enableTileSplitting` setting,
 		 * `QuantizedMeshPlugin`, & `ImageFormatPlugin` subclasses (XYZ, TMS, etc). Any tile sets
 		 * that share caches or queues must also use the same setting.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default false
 		 */
 		this.optimizedLoadStrategy = false;
 
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
index 47e252c83..35c263116 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ class LRUCache {
 
 	/**
 	 * Comparator used to determine eviction order. Items that sort last are evicted first.
-	 * Defaults to `null` (eviction order is by last-used time).
+	 * When `null`, eviction order is by last-used time.
 	 * @type {UnloadPriorityCallback|null}
+	 * @default null
 	 */
 	get unloadPriorityCallback() {
 
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js b/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
index 8648f4801..2c822c031 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ export class PriorityQueue {
 
 	/**
 	 * Callback used to schedule when to run jobs next, so more work doesn't happen in a
-	 * single frame than there is time for. Defaults to `requestAnimationFrame`. Should be
-	 * overridden in scenarios where `requestAnimationFrame` is not reliable, such as when
-	 * running in WebXR.
+	 * single frame than there is time for. Should be overridden in scenarios where
+	 * `requestAnimationFrame` is not reliable, such as when running in WebXR.
 	 * @type {SchedulingCallback}
+	 * @default requestAnimationFrame
 	 * @deprecated
 	 */
 	get schedulingCallback() {
@@ -100,8 +100,9 @@ export class PriorityQueue {
 
 		/**
 		 * Comparator used to sort queued items. Higher-priority items should sort last
-		 * (i.e. return positive when `itemA` should run before `itemB`). Defaults to `null`.
+		 * (i.e. return positive when `itemA` should run before `itemB`).
 		 * @type {PriorityCallback|null}
+		 * @default null
 		 */
 		this.priorityCallback = null;
 
diff --git a/src/three/plugins/DebugTilesPlugin.js b/src/three/plugins/DebugTilesPlugin.js
index 36b251ece..31012de8f 100644
--- a/src/three/plugins/DebugTilesPlugin.js
+++ b/src/three/plugins/DebugTilesPlugin.js
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ export class DebugTilesPlugin {
 		 * a black-to-white gradient. Replace with a custom function to use a different color
 		 * ramp.
 		 * @type {GetDebugColorCallback}
+		 * @default ( value, target ) => target.setRGB( value, value, value )
 		 */
 		this.getDebugColor = ( value, target ) => {
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index 8045c311d..f8c636756 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ animation. Use `toggle()` to animate the transition.
 orthographicPositionalZoom: boolean
 ```
 
-When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view direction so it does not clip into terrain. Default is true.
+When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view direction so it does not clip into terrain.
 
 
 ### .orthographicOffset
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view d
 orthographicOffset: number
 ```
 
-Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom` is true. Default is 50.
+Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom` is true.
 
 
 ### .fixedPoint
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ World-space point that remains visually fixed during the transition.
 duration: number
 ```
 
-Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds. Default is 200.
+Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds.
 
 
 ### .autoSync
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds. Default is 200.
 autoSync: boolean
 ```
 
-When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call. Default is true.
+When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call.
 
 
 ### .easeFunction
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call. Default i
 easeFunction: function
 ```
 
-Easing function applied to the raw transition alpha. Receives and returns a value in [0, 1]. Default is the identity function.
+Easing function applied to the raw transition alpha. Receives and returns a value in [0, 1].
 
 
 ### .constructor
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ and inertia is cleared.
 cameraRadius: number
 ```
 
-Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into terrain. Default is 5.
+Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into terrain.
 
 
 ### .rotationSpeed
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into
 rotationSpeed: number
 ```
 
-Rotation sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
+Rotation sensitivity multiplier.
 
 
 ### .minAltitude
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ Rotation sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
 minAltitude: number
 ```
 
-Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.
+Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 
 
 ### .maxAltitude
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.
 maxAltitude: number
 ```
 
-Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.45π.
+Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 
 
 ### .minDistance
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.45π.
 minDistance: number
 ```
 
-Minimum zoom distance in world units. Default is 10.
+Minimum zoom distance in world units.
 
 
 ### .maxDistance
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ Minimum zoom distance in world units. Default is 10.
 maxDistance: number
 ```
 
-Maximum zoom distance in world units. Default is Infinity.
+Maximum zoom distance in world units.
 
 
 ### .minZoom
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Maximum zoom distance in world units. Default is Infinity.
 minZoom: number
 ```
 
-Minimum orthographic zoom level. Default is 0.
+Minimum orthographic zoom level.
 
 
 ### .maxZoom
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ Minimum orthographic zoom level. Default is 0.
 maxZoom: number
 ```
 
-Maximum orthographic zoom level. Default is Infinity.
+Maximum orthographic zoom level.
 
 
 ### .zoomSpeed
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ Maximum orthographic zoom level. Default is Infinity.
 zoomSpeed: number
 ```
 
-Zoom sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
+Zoom sensitivity multiplier.
 
 
 ### .adjustHeight
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ Zoom sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
 adjustHeight: boolean
 ```
 
-When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into the terrain. Default is true.
+When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into the terrain.
 
 
 ### .enableDamping
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into th
 enableDamping: boolean
 ```
 
-When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends. Default is false.
+When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends.
 
 
 ### .dampingFactor
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends. Default is fa
 dampingFactor: number
 ```
 
-Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce longer coasting. Default is 0.15.
+Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce longer coasting.
 
 
 ### .fallbackPlane
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce lo
 fallbackPlane: Plane
 ```
 
-Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit. Default is the XZ plane (y=0).
+Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit.
 
 
 ### .useFallbackPlane
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit. Default is the
 useFallbackPlane: boolean
 ```
 
-When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry. Default is true.
+When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry.
 
 
 ### .enableFlight
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ enableFlight: boolean
 When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
 up/down, and Shift multiplies speed by `flightSpeedMultiplier`. Right-click or Shift+left-click
 enters free-look mode, rotating the camera in place without requiring a surface hit. Only
-supported for perspective cameras. Default is false.
+supported for perspective cameras.
 
 
 ### .flightSpeed
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ supported for perspective cameras. Default is false.
 flightSpeed: number
 ```
 
-Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight. Default is 10.
+Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight.
 
 
 ### .flightSpeedMultiplier
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight. Default is 1
 flightSpeedMultiplier: number
 ```
 
-Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight. Default is 4.
+Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight.
 
 
 ### .constructor
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ The inverse of `ellipsoidFrame`.
 nearMargin: number
 ```
 
-Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer. Default is 0.25.
+Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer.
 
 
 ### .farMargin
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer. Default is 0.25.
 farMargin: number
 ```
 
-Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer. Default is 0.
+Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer.
 
 
 ### .globeInertia
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ Magnitude of the current globe rotation inertia. Decays to zero over time.
 ellipsoid: Ellipsoid
 ```
 
-The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation. Defaults to WGS84.
+The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation.
 
 
 ### .ellipsoidGroup
@@ -951,9 +951,8 @@ tileset frame.
 ellipsoid: Ellipsoid
 ```
 
-The ellipsoid definition used for the tileset. Defaults to WGS84 and may be
-overridden by the `3DTILES_ellipsoid` extension. Specified in the local frame of
-`TilesRenderer.group`.
+The ellipsoid definition used for the tileset. May be overridden by the
+`3DTILES_ellipsoid` extension. Specified in the local frame of `TilesRenderer.group`.
 
 
 ### .cameras
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
index 7e37d147c..933da54b3 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
@@ -104,14 +104,16 @@ export class CameraTransitionManager extends EventDispatcher {
 		// settings
 
 		/**
-		 * When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view direction so it does not clip into terrain. Default is true.
+		 * When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view direction so it does not clip into terrain.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.orthographicPositionalZoom = true;
 
 		/**
-		 * Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom` is true. Default is 50.
+		 * Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom` is true.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 50
 		 */
 		this.orthographicOffset = 50;
 
@@ -122,20 +124,23 @@ export class CameraTransitionManager extends EventDispatcher {
 		this.fixedPoint = new Vector3();
 
 		/**
-		 * Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds. Default is 200.
+		 * Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 200
 		 */
 		this.duration = 200;
 
 		/**
-		 * When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call. Default is true.
+		 * When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.autoSync = true;
 
 		/**
-		 * Easing function applied to the raw transition alpha. Receives and returns a value in [0, 1]. Default is the identity function.
+		 * Easing function applied to the raw transition alpha. Receives and returns a value in [0, 1].
 		 * @type {Function}
+		 * @default x => x
 		 */
 		this.easeFunction = x => x;
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index 38d2f5953..b8bc76d4b 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -109,86 +109,100 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		this._enabled = true;
 
 		/**
-		 * Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into terrain. Default is 5.
+		 * Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into terrain.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 5
 		 */
 		this.cameraRadius = 5;
 
 		/**
-		 * Rotation sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
+		 * Rotation sensitivity multiplier.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 1
 		 */
 		this.rotationSpeed = 1;
 
 		/**
-		 * Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.
+		 * Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0
 		 */
 		this.minAltitude = 0;
 
 		/**
-		 * Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians. Default is 0.45π.
+		 * Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0.45 * Math.PI
 		 */
 		this.maxAltitude = 0.45 * Math.PI;
 
 		/**
-		 * Minimum zoom distance in world units. Default is 10.
+		 * Minimum zoom distance in world units.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 10
 		 */
 		this.minDistance = 10;
 
 		/**
-		 * Maximum zoom distance in world units. Default is Infinity.
+		 * Maximum zoom distance in world units.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default Infinity
 		 */
 		this.maxDistance = Infinity;
 
 		/**
-		 * Minimum orthographic zoom level. Default is 0.
+		 * Minimum orthographic zoom level.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0
 		 */
 		this.minZoom = 0;
 
 		/**
-		 * Maximum orthographic zoom level. Default is Infinity.
+		 * Maximum orthographic zoom level.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default Infinity
 		 */
 		this.maxZoom = Infinity;
 
 		/**
-		 * Zoom sensitivity multiplier. Default is 1.
+		 * Zoom sensitivity multiplier.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 1
 		 */
 		this.zoomSpeed = 1;
 
 		/**
-		 * When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into the terrain. Default is true.
+		 * When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into the terrain.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.adjustHeight = true;
 
 		/**
-		 * When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends. Default is false.
+		 * When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default false
 		 */
 		this.enableDamping = false;
 
 		/**
-		 * Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce longer coasting. Default is 0.15.
+		 * Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce longer coasting.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0.15
 		 */
 		this.dampingFactor = 0.15;
 
 		/**
-		 * Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit. Default is the XZ plane (y=0).
+		 * Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit.
 		 * @type {Plane}
+		 * @default new Plane( UP, 0 )
 		 */
 		this.fallbackPlane = new Plane( new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ), 0 );
 
 		/**
-		 * When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry. Default is true.
+		 * When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.useFallbackPlane = true;
 
@@ -196,20 +210,23 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 		 * When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
 		 * up/down, and Shift multiplies speed by `flightSpeedMultiplier`. Right-click or Shift+left-click
 		 * enters free-look mode, rotating the camera in place without requiring a surface hit. Only
-		 * supported for perspective cameras. Default is false.
+		 * supported for perspective cameras.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default false
 		 */
 		this.enableFlight = false;
 
 		/**
-		 * Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight. Default is 10.
+		 * Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 10
 		 */
 		this.flightSpeed = 10;
 
 		/**
-		 * Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight. Default is 4.
+		 * Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 4
 		 */
 		this.flightSpeedMultiplier = 4;
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
index 99a562463..ce7a58a88 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
@@ -85,14 +85,16 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		this.maxZoom = 0.01;
 
 		/**
-		 * Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer. Default is 0.25.
+		 * Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0.25
 		 */
 		this.nearMargin = 0.25;
 
 		/**
-		 * Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer. Default is 0.
+		 * Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0
 		 */
 		this.farMargin = 0;
 		this.useFallbackPlane = false;
@@ -111,8 +113,9 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		this.globeInertiaFactor = 0;
 
 		/**
-		 * The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation. Defaults to WGS84.
+		 * The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation.
 		 * @type {Ellipsoid}
+		 * @default WGS84_ELLIPSOID
 		 */
 		this.ellipsoid = WGS84_ELLIPSOID.clone();
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js b/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
index 738578c12..fbced130c 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ export class TilesRenderer extends TilesRendererBase {
 		this.group = new TilesGroup( this );
 
 		/**
-		 * The ellipsoid definition used for the tileset. Defaults to WGS84 and may be
-		 * overridden by the `3DTILES_ellipsoid` extension. Specified in the local frame of
-		 * `TilesRenderer.group`.
+		 * The ellipsoid definition used for the tileset. May be overridden by the
+		 * `3DTILES_ellipsoid` extension. Specified in the local frame of `TilesRenderer.group`.
 		 * @type {Ellipsoid}
+		 * @default WGS84_ELLIPSOID
 		 */
 		this.ellipsoid = WGS84_ELLIPSOID.clone();
 

From fd7415c683f15309b39a3f10f8f9a51ba447f7a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 12:04:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Update docs build functions

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md      |  6 ++--
 src/three/plugins/API.md      |  2 +-
 src/three/renderer/API.md     | 52 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 utils/docs/RenderDocsUtils.js |  3 +-
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index 73b36bc90..71e499f12 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ are in use each frame and evicts unused items when the cache exceeds its size li
 ### .unloadPriorityCallback
 
 ```js
-unloadPriorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null
+unloadPriorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null = null
 ```
 
 Comparator used to determine eviction order. Items that sort last are evicted first.
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ If true, job runs are automatically scheduled after `add` and after each job com
 ### .priorityCallback
 
 ```js
-priorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null
+priorityCallback: ( a: any, b: any ) => number | null = null
 ```
 
 Comparator used to sort queued items. Higher-priority items should sort last
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ Maximum depth in the tile hierarchy to traverse. Tiles deeper than this are skip
 ### .optimizedLoadStrategy
 
 ```js
-optimizedLoadStrategy: boolean
+optimizedLoadStrategy: boolean = false
 ```
 
 **Experimental.** Enables an optimized tile loading strategy that loads only the tiles
diff --git a/src/three/plugins/API.md b/src/three/plugins/API.md
index ad44bc574..26a5f7b56 100644
--- a/src/three/plugins/API.md
+++ b/src/three/plugins/API.md
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ order, and an unlit rendering mode. Color modes are available via the static
 ### .getDebugColor
 
 ```js
-getDebugColor: ( val: number, target: Color ) => void
+getDebugColor: ( val: number, target: Color ) => void = ( value, target ) => target.setRGB( value, value, value )
 ```
 
 Maps a normalized [0, 1] value to a `Color` for debug visualizations. Defaults to
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index f8c636756..0da16f1e1 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ animation. Use `toggle()` to animate the transition.
 ### .orthographicPositionalZoom
 
 ```js
-orthographicPositionalZoom: boolean
+orthographicPositionalZoom: boolean = true
 ```
 
 When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view direction so it does not clip into terrain.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ When true, the orthographic camera position is offset backwards along the view d
 ### .orthographicOffset
 
 ```js
-orthographicOffset: number
+orthographicOffset: number = 50
 ```
 
 Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom` is true.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ World-space point that remains visually fixed during the transition.
 ### .duration
 
 ```js
-duration: number
+duration: number = 200
 ```
 
 Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds.
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Duration of the animated transition in milliseconds.
 ### .autoSync
 
 ```js
-autoSync: boolean
+autoSync: boolean = true
 ```
 
 When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call.
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ When true, cameras are synced automatically before each `update` call.
 ### .easeFunction
 
 ```js
-easeFunction: function
+easeFunction: function = x => x
 ```
 
 Easing function applied to the raw transition alpha. Receives and returns a value in [0, 1].
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ and inertia is cleared.
 ### .cameraRadius
 
 ```js
-cameraRadius: number
+cameraRadius: number = 5
 ```
 
 Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into terrain.
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ Minimum camera distance above the surface in world units. Prevents clipping into
 ### .rotationSpeed
 
 ```js
-rotationSpeed: number
+rotationSpeed: number = 1
 ```
 
 Rotation sensitivity multiplier.
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ Rotation sensitivity multiplier.
 ### .minAltitude
 
 ```js
-minAltitude: number
+minAltitude: number = 0
 ```
 
 Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ Minimum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 ### .maxAltitude
 
 ```js
-maxAltitude: number
+maxAltitude: number = 0.45 * Math.PI
 ```
 
 Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ Maximum camera angle above the horizon in radians.
 ### .minDistance
 
 ```js
-minDistance: number
+minDistance: number = 10
 ```
 
 Minimum zoom distance in world units.
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ Minimum zoom distance in world units.
 ### .maxDistance
 
 ```js
-maxDistance: number
+maxDistance: number = Infinity
 ```
 
 Maximum zoom distance in world units.
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ Maximum zoom distance in world units.
 ### .minZoom
 
 ```js
-minZoom: number
+minZoom: number = 0
 ```
 
 Minimum orthographic zoom level.
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Minimum orthographic zoom level.
 ### .maxZoom
 
 ```js
-maxZoom: number
+maxZoom: number = Infinity
 ```
 
 Maximum orthographic zoom level.
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Maximum orthographic zoom level.
 ### .zoomSpeed
 
 ```js
-zoomSpeed: number
+zoomSpeed: number = 1
 ```
 
 Zoom sensitivity multiplier.
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ Zoom sensitivity multiplier.
 ### .adjustHeight
 
 ```js
-adjustHeight: boolean
+adjustHeight: boolean = true
 ```
 
 When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into the terrain.
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ When true, the camera height is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping into th
 ### .enableDamping
 
 ```js
-enableDamping: boolean
+enableDamping: boolean = false
 ```
 
 When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends.
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ When true, camera movements decelerate gradually after input ends.
 ### .dampingFactor
 
 ```js
-dampingFactor: number
+dampingFactor: number = 0.15
 ```
 
 Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce longer coasting.
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ Rate of inertia decay per frame when damping is enabled. Lower values produce lo
 ### .fallbackPlane
 
 ```js
-fallbackPlane: Plane
+fallbackPlane: Plane = new Plane( UP, 0 )
 ```
 
 Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit.
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ Fallback plane used for drag/zoom when no scene geometry is hit.
 ### .useFallbackPlane
 
 ```js
-useFallbackPlane: boolean
+useFallbackPlane: boolean = true
 ```
 
 When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry.
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ When true, the fallback plane is used when raycasting misses scene geometry.
 ### .enableFlight
 
 ```js
-enableFlight: boolean
+enableFlight: boolean = false
 ```
 
 When true, enables keyboard flight: W/A/S/D and arrow keys move forward/back/strafe, Q/E move
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ supported for perspective cameras.
 ### .flightSpeed
 
 ```js
-flightSpeed: number
+flightSpeed: number = 10
 ```
 
 Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight.
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ Base camera speed in world units per second during keyboard flight.
 ### .flightSpeedMultiplier
 
 ```js
-flightSpeedMultiplier: number
+flightSpeedMultiplier: number = 4
 ```
 
 Speed multiplier applied when the fast key is held during flight.
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ The inverse of `ellipsoidFrame`.
 ### .nearMargin
 
 ```js
-nearMargin: number
+nearMargin: number = 0.25
 ```
 
 Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer.
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ Fraction of the near plane distance added as a buffer.
 ### .farMargin
 
 ```js
-farMargin: number
+farMargin: number = 0
 ```
 
 Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer.
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ Magnitude of the current globe rotation inertia. Decays to zero over time.
 ### .ellipsoid
 
 ```js
-ellipsoid: Ellipsoid
+ellipsoid: Ellipsoid = WGS84_ELLIPSOID
 ```
 
 The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation.
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ tileset frame.
 ### .ellipsoid
 
 ```js
-ellipsoid: Ellipsoid
+ellipsoid: Ellipsoid = WGS84_ELLIPSOID
 ```
 
 The ellipsoid definition used for the tileset. May be overridden by the
diff --git a/utils/docs/RenderDocsUtils.js b/utils/docs/RenderDocsUtils.js
index 9c8b43b27..b123de73b 100644
--- a/utils/docs/RenderDocsUtils.js
+++ b/utils/docs/RenderDocsUtils.js
@@ -265,7 +265,8 @@ export function renderMember( doc, callbackMap = {} ) {
 
 	const type = formatType( doc.type, callbackMap );
 	const readonly = doc.readonly ? 'readonly ' : '';
-	lines.push( `${ readonly }${ doc.name }: ${ type }` );
+	const defaultStr = doc.defaultvalue !== undefined ? ` = ${ doc.defaultvalue }` : '';
+	lines.push( `${ readonly }${ doc.name }: ${ type }${ defaultStr }` );
 
 	lines.push( '```' );
 	lines.push( '' );

From d808ed318e6dbe5a1875266b1ed84b333e8ae63f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 12:09:15 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Update more defaults

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md                     | 12 ++++++------
 src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js      |  4 ++++
 src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js |  2 ++
 src/three/renderer/API.md                    |  2 +-
 src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js |  1 +
 5 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index 71e499f12..f3350f698 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ When `null`, eviction order is by last-used time.
 ### .minSize
 
 ```js
-minSize: number
+minSize: number = 6000
 ```
 
 Minimum number of items to keep in the cache after eviction.
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ Minimum number of items to keep in the cache after eviction.
 ### .maxSize
 
 ```js
-maxSize: number
+maxSize: number = 8000
 ```
 
 Maximum number of items before eviction is triggered.
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Maximum total bytes before eviction is triggered.
 ### .unloadPercent
 
 ```js
-unloadPercent: number
+unloadPercent: number = 0.05
 ```
 
 Fraction of excess items/bytes to unload per eviction pass.
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Fraction of excess items/bytes to unload per eviction pass.
 ### .autoMarkUnused
 
 ```js
-autoMarkUnused: boolean
+autoMarkUnused: boolean = true
 ```
 
 If true, items are automatically marked as unused at the start of each eviction pass.
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ returns whether tasks are queued or actively running
 ### .maxJobs
 
 ```js
-maxJobs: number
+maxJobs: number = 6
 ```
 
 Maximum number of jobs that can run concurrently.
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Maximum number of jobs that can run concurrently.
 ### .autoUpdate
 
 ```js
-autoUpdate: boolean
+autoUpdate: boolean = true
 ```
 
 If true, job runs are automatically scheduled after `add` and after each job completes.
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
index 35c263116..5dd127c76 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
@@ -61,12 +61,14 @@ class LRUCache {
 		/**
 		 * Minimum number of items to keep in the cache after eviction.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 6000
 		 */
 		this.minSize = 6000;
 
 		/**
 		 * Maximum number of items before eviction is triggered.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 8000
 		 */
 		this.maxSize = 8000;
 
@@ -87,12 +89,14 @@ class LRUCache {
 		/**
 		 * Fraction of excess items/bytes to unload per eviction pass.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0.05
 		 */
 		this.unloadPercent = 0.05;
 
 		/**
 		 * If true, items are automatically marked as unused at the start of each eviction pass.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.autoMarkUnused = true;
 
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js b/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
index 2c822c031..c802364e7 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/utilities/PriorityQueue.js
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ export class PriorityQueue {
 		/**
 		 * Maximum number of jobs that can run concurrently.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 6
 		 */
 		this.maxJobs = 6;
 
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ export class PriorityQueue {
 		/**
 		 * If true, job runs are automatically scheduled after `add` and after each job completes.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.autoUpdate = true;
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index 0da16f1e1..82b8ea293 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ Accumulated globe rotation inertia quaternion. Applied each frame when globe ine
 ### .globeInertiaFactor
 
 ```js
-globeInertiaFactor: number
+globeInertiaFactor: number = 0
 ```
 
 Magnitude of the current globe rotation inertia. Decays to zero over time.
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
index ce7a58a88..50b6688d5 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		/**
 		 * Magnitude of the current globe rotation inertia. Decays to zero over time.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 0
 		 */
 		this.globeInertiaFactor = 0;
 

From 77c3d6233f3141772948c7e1764d447e2be51fda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 13:08:40 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Update new defaults

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md                           | 14 +++++++-------
 src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js       |  7 +++++++
 src/three/renderer/API.md                          |  2 +-
 src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js |  1 +
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index f3350f698..a8848f942 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ The loaded root tileset object, or null if not yet loaded.
 ### .fetchOptions
 
 ```js
-fetchOptions: RequestInit
+fetchOptions: RequestInit = {}
 ```
 
 Options passed to `fetch` when loading tile and tileset resources.
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ Loading and rendering statistics updated each frame. Fields:
 ### .errorTarget
 
 ```js
-errorTarget: number
+errorTarget: number = 16
 ```
 
 Target screen-space error in pixels to aim for when updating the geometry. Tiles will
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ of the 3D Tiles specification for more information.
 ### .displayActiveTiles
 
 ```js
-displayActiveTiles: boolean
+displayActiveTiles: boolean = false
 ```
 
 "Active tiles" are those that are loaded and available but not necessarily visible.
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ camera view not accounted for by the tiles renderer.
 ### .maxDepth
 
 ```js
-maxDepth: number
+maxDepth: number = Infinity
 ```
 
 Maximum depth in the tile hierarchy to traverse. Tiles deeper than this are skipped.
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ Based in part on [Cesium Native tile selection](https://cesium.com/learn/cesium-
 ### .loadSiblings
 
 ```js
-loadSiblings: boolean
+loadSiblings: boolean = true
 ```
 
 **Experimental.** When `true`, sibling tiles are loaded together to prevent gaps during
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ Only applies when `optimizedLoadStrategy` is enabled.
 ### .loadAncestors
 
 ```js
-loadAncestors: boolean
+loadAncestors: boolean = false
 ```
 
 **Experimental.** When `true`, ancestor tiles are queued for download and displayed as a
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ Only applies when `optimizedLoadStrategy` is enabled.
 ### .maxTilesProcessed
 
 ```js
-maxTilesProcessed: number
+maxTilesProcessed: number = 250
 ```
 
 The number of tiles to process immediately when traversing the tile set to determine
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js b/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
index 7928fe3f4..a8e552df6 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/tiles/TilesRendererBase.js
@@ -403,6 +403,7 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		/**
 		 * Options passed to `fetch` when loading tile and tileset resources.
 		 * @type {RequestInit}
+		 * @default {}
 		 */
 		this.fetchOptions = {};
 		this.plugins = [];
@@ -544,6 +545,7 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 * {@link https://github.com/CesiumGS/3d-tiles/tree/master/specification#geometric-error geometric error section}
 		 * of the 3D Tiles specification for more information.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 16
 		 */
 		this.errorTarget = 16.0;
 		this._errorThreshold = Infinity;
@@ -555,12 +557,14 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 * Setting this to `true` keeps them in the scene so they can be rendered from an outside
 		 * camera view not accounted for by the tiles renderer.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default false
 		 */
 		this.displayActiveTiles = false;
 
 		/**
 		 * Maximum depth in the tile hierarchy to traverse. Tiles deeper than this are skipped.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default Infinity
 		 */
 		this.maxDepth = Infinity;
 
@@ -588,6 +592,7 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 *
 		 * Only applies when `optimizedLoadStrategy` is enabled.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default true
 		 */
 		this.loadSiblings = true;
 
@@ -599,6 +604,7 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 *
 		 * Only applies when `optimizedLoadStrategy` is enabled.
 		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default false
 		 */
 		this.loadAncestors = false;
 
@@ -608,6 +614,7 @@ export class TilesRendererBase {
 		 * at once when a new tile set is available, while higher values process more tiles
 		 * immediately so data can be downloaded and displayed sooner.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default 250
 		 */
 		this.maxTilesProcessed = 250;
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index 82b8ea293..6341ddaa4 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ right-click-to-rotate, and optional damping/inertia. Works with any Three.js sce
 ### .enabled
 
 ```js
-enabled: boolean
+enabled: boolean = true
 ```
 
 Whether the controls are active. When set to false, all input is ignored
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
index b8bc76d4b..11ff11844 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/EnvironmentControls.js
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ export class EnvironmentControls extends EventDispatcher {
 	 * Whether the controls are active. When set to false, all input is ignored
 	 * and inertia is cleared.
 	 * @type {boolean}
+	 * @default true
 	 */
 	get enabled() {
 

From 0579d5d74f43195cb33bac33b5af474c48113656 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 13:14:09 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] Update docs

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md                               |  4 ++--
 src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js                |  2 ++
 src/three/renderer/API.md                              | 10 +++++-----
 src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js |  1 +
 src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js           |  2 ++
 src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js              |  2 ++
 6 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index a8848f942..5d28c9502 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Maximum number of items before eviction is triggered.
 ### .minBytesSize
 
 ```js
-minBytesSize: number
+minBytesSize: number = ~322MB
 ```
 
 Minimum total bytes to retain after eviction.
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ Minimum total bytes to retain after eviction.
 ### .maxBytesSize
 
 ```js
-maxBytesSize: number
+maxBytesSize: number = ~430MB
 ```
 
 Maximum total bytes before eviction is triggered.
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
index 5dd127c76..d90501e11 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/utilities/LRUCache.js
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ class LRUCache {
 		 * Minimum total bytes to retain after eviction.
 		 * @note Only works with three.js r166 or higher.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default ~322MB
 		 */
 		this.minBytesSize = 0.3 * GIGABYTE_BYTES;
 
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ class LRUCache {
 		 * Maximum total bytes before eviction is triggered.
 		 * @note Only works with three.js r166 or higher.
 		 * @type {number}
+		 * @default ~430MB
 		 */
 		this.maxBytesSize = 0.4 * GIGABYTE_BYTES;
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/API.md b/src/three/renderer/API.md
index 6341ddaa4..f14388094 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/three/renderer/API.md
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Distance the orthographic camera is pushed back when `orthographicPositionalZoom
 ### .fixedPoint
 
 ```js
-fixedPoint: Vector3
+fixedPoint: Vector3 = new Vector3()
 ```
 
 World-space point that remains visually fixed during the transition.
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ Fraction of the far plane distance added as a buffer.
 ### .globeInertia
 
 ```js
-globeInertia: Quaternion
+globeInertia: Quaternion = new Quaternion()
 ```
 
 Accumulated globe rotation inertia quaternion. Applied each frame when globe inertia is active.
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ The ellipsoid model used for surface interaction and up-direction calculation.
 ### .ellipsoidGroup
 
 ```js
-ellipsoidGroup: Group
+ellipsoidGroup: Group = new Group()
 ```
 
 The Three.js group whose world matrix defines the ellipsoid's coordinate frame.
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ Add `tiles.group` to your scene and call `tiles.update()` each frame.
 ### .autoDisableRendererCulling
 
 ```js
-autoDisableRendererCulling: boolean
+autoDisableRendererCulling: boolean = true
 ```
 
 If `true`, all tile meshes automatically have `frustumCulled` set to `false` since the
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ Array of cameras registered with this renderer.
 ### .manager
 
 ```js
-manager: LoadingManager
+manager: LoadingManager = new LoadingManager()
 ```
 
 The `LoadingManager` used when loading tile geometry.
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
index 933da54b3..3b526a198 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/CameraTransitionManager.js
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ export class CameraTransitionManager extends EventDispatcher {
 		/**
 		 * World-space point that remains visually fixed during the transition.
 		 * @type {Vector3}
+		 * @default new Vector3()
 		 */
 		this.fixedPoint = new Vector3();
 
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
index 50b6688d5..506e7084a 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/controls/GlobeControls.js
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		/**
 		 * Accumulated globe rotation inertia quaternion. Applied each frame when globe inertia is active.
 		 * @type {Quaternion}
+		 * @default new Quaternion()
 		 */
 		this.globeInertia = new Quaternion();
 
@@ -123,6 +124,7 @@ export class GlobeControls extends EnvironmentControls {
 		/**
 		 * The Three.js group whose world matrix defines the ellipsoid's coordinate frame.
 		 * @type {Group}
+		 * @default new Group()
 		 */
 		this.ellipsoidGroup = new Group();
 		this._ellipsoidFrameInverse = new Matrix4();
diff --git a/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js b/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
index fbced130c..e43eea0aa 100644
--- a/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
+++ b/src/three/renderer/tiles/TilesRenderer.js
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ export class TilesRenderer extends TilesRendererBase {
 	 * tiles renderer performs its own frustum culling. If `displayActiveTiles` is `true` or
 	 * multiple cameras are being used, consider setting this to `false`.
 	 * @type {boolean}
+	 * @default true
 	 */
 	get autoDisableRendererCulling() {
 
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ export class TilesRenderer extends TilesRendererBase {
 		/**
 		 * The `LoadingManager` used when loading tile geometry.
 		 * @type {LoadingManager}
+		 * @default new LoadingManager()
 		 */
 		this.manager = new LoadingManager();
 

From 361aa9644db0a295c5d96d81e8c75093f719edcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Garrett Johnson <garrett.kjohnson@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 13:15:52 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] Update

---
 src/core/renderer/API.md                | 4 ++--
 src/core/renderer/loaders/LoaderBase.js | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/core/renderer/API.md b/src/core/renderer/API.md
index 5d28c9502..1d1da551a 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/API.md
+++ b/src/core/renderer/API.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Base class for all 3D Tiles content loaders. Handles fetching and parsing tile c
 ### .fetchOptions
 
 ```js
-fetchOptions: Object
+fetchOptions: Object = {}
 ```
 
 Options passed to `fetch` when loading tile content.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Options passed to `fetch` when loading tile content.
 ### .workingPath
 
 ```js
-workingPath: string
+workingPath: string = ''
 ```
 
 Base URL used to resolve relative external URLs.
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/loaders/LoaderBase.js b/src/core/renderer/loaders/LoaderBase.js
index 476892a2b..dbaf54513 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/loaders/LoaderBase.js
+++ b/src/core/renderer/loaders/LoaderBase.js
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ export class LoaderBase {
 		/**
 		 * Options passed to `fetch` when loading tile content.
 		 * @type {Object}
+		 * @default {}
 		 */
 		this.fetchOptions = {};
 
 		/**
 		 * Base URL used to resolve relative external URLs.
 		 * @type {string}
+		 * @default ''
 		 */
 		this.workingPath = '';