diff --git a/cosmos_framework/data/vfm/action/datasets/action_sft_dataset.py b/cosmos_framework/data/vfm/action/datasets/action_sft_dataset.py
index 1790de5..99bea8a 100644
--- a/cosmos_framework/data/vfm/action/datasets/action_sft_dataset.py
+++ b/cosmos_framework/data/vfm/action/datasets/action_sft_dataset.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 to ``RankPartitionedDataLoader`` (mirroring how the vision recipe uses
 ``get_sft_dataset``).
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
@@ -42,7 +43,6 @@ def get_shuffle_blocks(self):
         return self._dataset.get_shuffle_blocks()
 
 
-
 class ActionIterableShuffleDataset(IterableDataset):
     """Streaming view of a map-style ``ActionSFTDataset``.
 
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ def __iter__(self):
         import torch
 
         blocks = self._dataset.get_shuffle_blocks()
+        if not blocks:
+            raise ValueError("No shuffle blocks found")
         wi = get_worker_info()
         wid = wi.id if wi is not None else 0
         nw = wi.num_workers if wi is not None else 1
diff --git a/tests/action_sft_dataset_test.py b/tests/action_sft_dataset_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f31a179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/action_sft_dataset_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: OpenMDW-1.1
+
+"""Hermetic tests for ActionIterableShuffleDataset."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import sys
+import types
+
+import pytest
+
+pytestmark = [pytest.mark.level(0), pytest.mark.gpus(0)]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def action_sft_dataset_module(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    module_name = "cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.datasets.action_sft_dataset"
+
+    fake_torch = types.ModuleType("torch")
+    fake_torch_utils = types.ModuleType("torch.utils")
+    fake_torch_utils_data = types.ModuleType("torch.utils.data")
+    fake_torch_utils_data.Dataset = type("Dataset", (), {})
+    fake_torch_utils_data.IterableDataset = type("IterableDataset", (), {})
+    fake_torch_utils_data.get_worker_info = lambda: None
+    fake_torch.utils = fake_torch_utils
+
+    fake_datasets_package = types.ModuleType("cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.datasets")
+    fake_datasets_package.__path__ = [
+        "/Users/hoangvu/Code/OSS/cosmos-framework/cosmos_framework/data/vfm/action/datasets"
+    ]
+
+    fake_droid_dataset = types.ModuleType("cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.datasets.droid_lerobot_dataset")
+    fake_droid_dataset.DROIDLeRobotDataset = type("DROIDLeRobotDataset", (), {})
+
+    fake_transforms = types.ModuleType("cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.transforms")
+    fake_transforms.ActionTransformPipeline = type("ActionTransformPipeline", (), {})
+
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "torch", fake_torch)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "torch.utils", fake_torch_utils)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "torch.utils.data", fake_torch_utils_data)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.datasets", fake_datasets_package)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(
+        sys.modules, "cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.datasets.droid_lerobot_dataset", fake_droid_dataset
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "cosmos_framework.data.vfm.action.transforms", fake_transforms)
+    sys.modules.pop(module_name, None)
+
+    module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+    yield module
+
+    sys.modules.pop(module_name, None)
+
+
+def test_action_iterable_shuffle_dataset_raises_when_shuffle_blocks_are_empty(action_sft_dataset_module) -> None:
+    class _Dataset:
+        def get_shuffle_blocks(self):
+            return []
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            return 0
+
+    dataset = action_sft_dataset_module.ActionIterableShuffleDataset(_Dataset())
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No shuffle blocks found"):
+        next(iter(dataset))