-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathphilosopher.html
More file actions
875 lines (737 loc) · 55 KB
/
Copy pathphilosopher.html
File metadata and controls
875 lines (737 loc) · 55 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr"
xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"
xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#"
xmlns:article="http://ogp.me/ns/article#"
xmlns:book="http://ogp.me/ns/book#"
xmlns:profile="http://ogp.me/ns/profile#"
xmlns:video="http://ogp.me/ns/video#"
xmlns:product="http://ogp.me/ns/product#">
<head>
<link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="sites/default/files/favicon.png" type="image/png" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="description" content="Exhibit items on the subject of philosophy." />
<meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" />
<link rel="canonical" href="philosopher.html" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="taxonomy/term/19.html" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="galileo" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://galileo.ou.edu/philosopher" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Philosophy" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Exhibit items on the subject of philosophy." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://galileo.ou.edu/philosopher" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Philosophy" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Exhibit items on the subject of philosophy." />
<title>Philosophy | galileo</title>
<style>
@import url("https://galileo.ou.edu/modules/system/system.base.css?s8wmom");
</style>
<style media="screen">
@import url("sites/all/modules/tipsy/stylesheets/tipsy.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
</style>
<style>
@import url("sites/all/modules/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/date/date_popup/themes/datepicker.1.7.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("https://galileo.ou.edu/modules/field/theme/field.css?s8wmom");
@import url("sites/all/modules/fitvids/fitvids.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("https://galileo.ou.edu/modules/node/node.css?s8wmom");
@import url("sites/all/modules/user_alert/css/user-alert.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/views/css/views.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/ckeditor/css/ckeditor.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
</style>
<style>
@import url("sites/all/modules/colorbox/styles/default/colorbox_style.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/ctools/css/ctools.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/libraries/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/oembed/oembed.base.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/oembed/oembed.theme.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/modules/panels/css/panels.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
</style>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/bootstrap/3.0.2/css/bootstrap.css" media="all" />
<style>
@import url("sites/all/themes/bootstrap/css/3.0.2/overrides.min.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/css/style.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
@import url("sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/css/globalnav.css%3Fs8wmom.css");
</style>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Sans:700,regular|Droid+Sans+Mono:regular|Lora:700,700italic,italic,regular|Open+Sans:300,300italic,700&subset=latin,cyrillic,latin-ext" media="all" />
<!-- HTML5 element support for IE6-8 -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script src="sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/1.8/jquery.js%3Fv=1.8.3"></script>
<script src="https://galileo.ou.edu/misc/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js?v=1.8.3"></script>
<script src="https://galileo.ou.edu/misc/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js?v=1.8.3"></script>
<script src="https://galileo.ou.edu/misc/jquery.once.js?v=1.2"></script>
<script src="https://galileo.ou.edu/misc/drupal.js?s8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/tipsy/javascripts/jquery.tipsy.js%3Fv=0.1.7"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/tipsy/javascripts/tipsy.js%3Fv=0.1.7"></script>
<script src="sites/all/libraries/fitvids/jquery.fitvids.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/bootstrap/3.0.2/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/fitvids/fitvids.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/oulib_blocks/ouprimo.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/user_alert/js/user-alert.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/libraries/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/colorbox/js/colorbox.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/colorbox/styles/default/colorbox_style.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script src="sites/all/modules/getdirections/js/getdirections.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
<script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"oulib_galileotheme","theme_token":"V2ZYWrgVhODfhX_chaR-42Xzz6Zx09rrnxFwpNe_nlM","js":{"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/tipsy\/javascripts\/jquery.tipsy.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/tipsy\/javascripts\/tipsy.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/fitvids\/jquery.fitvids.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/bootstrap\/3.0.2\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/fitvids\/fitvids.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/oulib_blocks\/ouprimo.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/user_alert\/js\/user-alert.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/getdirections\/js\/getdirections.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/tipsy\/stylesheets\/tipsy.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/fitvids\/fitvids.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/user_alert\/css\/user-alert.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/fontawesome\/css\/font-awesome.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/oembed\/oembed.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/oembed\/oembed.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/bootstrap\/3.0.2\/css\/bootstrap.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/css\/3.0.2\/overrides.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/oulib_galileotheme\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/oulib_galileotheme\/css\/globalnav.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Droid+Sans:700,regular|Droid+Sans+Mono:regular|Lora:700,700italic,italic,regular|Open+Sans:300,300italic,700\u0026subset=latin,cyrillic,latin-ext":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":false,"mobiledevicewidth":"380px","file_public_path":"\/sites\/default\/files","specificPagesDefaultValue":"admin*\nimagebrowser*\nimg_assist*\nimce*\nnode\/add\/*\nnode\/*\/edit\nprint\/*\nprintpdf\/*\nsystem\/ajax\nsystem\/ajax\/*"},"getdirections_colorbox":{"enable":0,"width":"600","height":"600"},"user_alert":{"url_prefix":""},"tipsy":{"custom_selectors":[{"selector":".tipsy","options":{"fade":1,"gravity":"w","delayIn":0,"delayOut":0,"trigger":"hover","opacity":"0.8","offset":0,"html":0,"tooltip_content":{"source":"attribute","selector":"title"}}}]},"fitvids":{"custom_domains":[],"selectors":["body"],"simplifymarkup":true},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":0,"anchorsSmoothScrolling":0,"formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script>
</head>
<body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-taxonomy page-taxonomy-term page-taxonomy-term- page-taxonomy-term-19">
<div id="skip-link">
<a href="philosopher.html#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
</div>
<!-- OU Global Header -->
<div class="global_header">
<div class="global_header-wrapper">
<ul>
<li><a class="tip home" href="https://www.ou.edu/web/" alt="OU Home link" target="_blank"><span>OU Homepage</span></a></li>
<li><a class="tip search" href="https://www.ou.edu/web/search" alt="OU Search link" target="_blank"><span>Search OU</span></a></li>
<li class="wordmark">The University of Oklahoma</li>
</ul>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header_red">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<a href="https://libraries.ou.edu/"><img src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/ou_lib_logo.png" alt="OU Libraries logo"></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="top_regions">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs">
<div class="region region-stars">
<section id="block-block-3" class="block block-block clearfix">
<p><img alt="Galileo's World Logo" src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/stars_left.png" /></p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
<div class="region region-logo">
<section id="block-block-1" class="block block-block clearfix">
<p><a href="index.html"><img alt="Galileo's World Logo" src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/gw_logo_header.png" /></a></p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 hidden-xs">
<div class="region region-tagline">
<section id="block-block-2" class="block block-block clearfix">
<p><img alt="" src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/subtitle_header.png" /></p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="carousel_inner hidden-xs">
<div class="region region-header">
<section id="block-user-alert-user-alert" class="block block-user-alert clearfix">
</section>
</div>
</div> <!-- /#Main Carousel -->
<div class="menu">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="index.html" title="">Home</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="about.html" title="">About</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="reprise.html" title="">Reprise</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="exhibits.1.html" title="">Exhibition</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="resources.html" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li class="last leaf"><a href="content/educators.html" title="">Educators</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div> <!-- /#menu -->
<div id="galleries-banner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
</div>
<div class="row">
</div>
<div class="row">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="holder">
<div class="container whitebg">
<!-- body tag for stick footer -->
<div id="body">
<div class="main-container">
<div class="row">
<section class="col-sm-12">
<a id="main-content"></a>
<h1 class="page-header">Philosophy</h1>
<div class="region region-content">
<section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix">
<!-- used on about and resources page -->
<div class="ou-exhibit" >
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div style="margin:0px 15px 0px 15px;">
<div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1" >
<h2 class="pane-title">
Philosophy </h2>
<div class="pane-content">
<div style="margin-bottom:-25px;">
</div> </div>
</div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-term-description locations-description" >
<div class="pane-content">
<p>Exhibit items on the subject of philosophy.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-sections-list" >
<h2 class="pane-title">
Exhibit Items </h2>
<div class="pane-content">
<div class="view view-sections-list view-id-sections_list view-display-id-page view-dom-id-0bcd7ee1286b751f86b7c20e3e573182">
<div class="view-content">
<table class="views-table cols-0 table table-0 table-0 table-0 table-0" >
<tbody>
<tr class="odd views-row-first">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
</td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/great-art-light-and-shadow.html">The Great Art of Light and Shadow</a> Kircher, Athanasius (1646)<p><p>A “camera obscura” (“dark room”) consists of a box or container in which light enters via a small hole and projects an image on an opposite wall. The image will be reversed and upside-down, but its proportions will be preserved.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
0 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/mathematical-principles-natural-philosophy-1713.html">Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1713</a> Newton, Isaac (1713)<p><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field-node--field-exhibit-object-description field-formatter-text-default field-name-field-exhibit-object-description field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden has-single">
<div class="field__items">
<div class="field__item"></div></div></div></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
1 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/mathematical-principles-natural-philosophy-1729.html">Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1729</a> Newton, Isaac (1729)<p><p>This is the first English translation of Newton’s masterwork in physics. The Copernican idea that the Earth moves as a planet required a thorough revision of physics. Galileo undertook this task in his Discourse on Two New Sciences, published 80 years after Copernicus.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
1 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/ecstatic-journey-through-heavens.html">Ecstatic Journey through the Heavens</a> Kircher, Athanasius (1660)<p><p>Six chief world systems were debated in Galileo’s world: • Ptolemaic: All planets revolve around the central Earth. Geocentric. • Platonic: Like the Ptolemaic, except switches the positions of Venus and Mercury. Geocentric. • Cappellan or Egyptian: Venus and Mercury revolve around the Sun.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
1 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/divine-plato.html">The Divine Plato</a> Plato, (1491)<p><p>In his dialog entitled The Timaeus, Plato taught that the cosmos is constructed from regular geometrical figures known as the Pythagorean solids. Wherever one finds an emphasis upon mathematical demonstrations in science, one may credit Plato and the Pythagoreans.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
1 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/city-god.html">The City of God</a> Augustine, (1489)<p><p>The frontispiece shows Augustine in his study. Augustine taught that the language of Scripture was accommodated to the understanding of ordinary readers and therefore not well-suited to teach the theories of natural science.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/rose-orsini.html">The Rose of Orsini</a> Scheiner, Christoph (1630)<p><p>Scheiner, a Jesuit astronomer, eventually published the definitive work of the 17th century on sunspots, in which he accepted Galileo’s argument that sunspots “move like ships” on the surface of the Sun.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/comets.html">On Comets</a> Hevelius, Johann (1668)<p><p>The frontispiece shows three views of the paths of comets: the Aristotelian theory that they consist of vapors beneath the Moon (left); Kepler’s theory that comets move in straight lines (right); and Hevelius’ view that they originate in the outer regions and descend in a parabolic trajectory...</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-1.html">Works in Greek, vol. 1</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/meteorology-1556.html">Meteorology, 1556</a> Aristotle, (1556)<p><p>In a discussion of optical effects of the atmosphere, Aristotle here addresses the formation of a halo around the Moon. This is one of the most interesting uses of mathematics in all of Aristotle’s writings.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/animals.html">On Animals</a> Aristotle, (1476)<p><p>This is the first publication of Aristotle’s biological works. While Plato emphasized astronomy as the ennobling science, Aristotle insisted that biology, including the study of even the lowliest organisms, is beautiful to one who understands natural causes.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/celestial-worlds-discoverd-or-conjectures-concerning-inhabitants-plants-and-productions.html">The Celestial Worlds Discover'd, or, Conjectures concerning the Inhabitants, Plants and Productions of the Worlds in the Planets</a> Huygens, Christiaan (1698)<p><p>In this translation of Huygens’ Kosmotheoros, Huygens took up questions of the habitability of other planets and the existence of extraterrestrial life. These topics were also considered by Kepler, Wilkins and other popular writers.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
2 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/philosopher-china.html">The Philosopher of China</a> Confucius, (1687)<p><p>Confucius lived in the early 5th century BCE, roughly contemporary with the Pythagoreans and Presocratic natural philosophers. Confucius taught: “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself,” an early version of the Golden Rule.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
3 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/heights-theology.html">Heights of Theology</a> Aquinas, Thomas (1496)<p><p>Wormholes appear on the cover of this otherwise well-preserved medieval masterwork of theology. Aquinas represents the medieval synthesis of science and religion. He endorsed the principle of accommodation.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
3 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-2.html">Works in Greek, vol. 2</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
4 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-3-pt.html">Works in Greek, vol 3 pt. A</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
4 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/astronomical-balance.html">The Astronomical Balance</a> Grassi, Oratio (1619)<p><p>In this book, Grassi responded to the criticism of Guiducci/Galileo. Comets seemed to provide a test of the Copernican and Tychonic systems: if the Earth were moving, then with three comets, one might have hoped to see at least one of them retrograding.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
4 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/pliny-“natural-history”.html">Pliny, “Natural History”</a> Pliny the Elder, (1601)<p><p>Pliny’s Natural History defined the scope and breadth of the field of natural history. Natural history meant the description (or “historia”) of nature, as opposed to explaining its causes (or “natural philosophy”). Pliny died in 79 CE while investigating the eruption of Mt.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
5 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-3-pt-b.html">Works in Greek, vol 3 pt. B</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
5 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/natural-questions.html">Natural Questions</a> Seneca, (1522)<p><p>Seneca’s Natural Questions covered a similar scope of subject matter as Aristotle’s Meteorology. Seneca differed from Aristotle by insisting that even sublunar phenomena follow the same natural laws and have the same intelligibility as the rest of the universe.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
6 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/yin-yang-medallion.html">Yin-Yang medallion</a> (1960)<p><p>Yin and yang, a recurring motif in traditional Chinese thought, express the idea of the interconnectedness of opposites. Phenomena which appear as dualities to us, such as darkness and light, or high and low tides, will turn out to be interdependent and profoundly related.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
6 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/assayer-early-state.html">The Assayer, early state</a> Galileo , (1623)<p><p>The crest of the Barberini family, showing three busy bees, appears at the top of the frontispiece. Galileo’s supporter, Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, had become Pope Urban VIII. The election of Barberini seemed to assure Galileo of support at the highest level in the Church.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
6 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-4.html">Works in Greek, vol. 4</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
6 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/letter-pythagorean-and-copernican-opinion-motion-earth-and-stability-sun.html">Letter on the Pythagorean and Copernican Opinion on the Motion of the Earth and Stability of the Sun</a> Foscarini, Paolo (1635)<p><p>The Carmelite theologian Foscarini defended Copernicanism as compatible with Scripture in this open letter, originally printed in Naples in 1615. Foscarini employed arguments similar to Galileo’s own Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, penned in the same year.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
7 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/treatise-fossil-mineral-wood.html">Treatise on Fossil Mineral Wood</a> Stelluti, Francesco (1637)<p><p>The Academy of the Lynx emblem appears prominently on this title page. Although Stelluti once believed that fossils resembling wood originated from buried tree trunks, Cesi persuaded him otherwise.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
7 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/assayer-later-state.html">The Assayer, later state</a> Galileo , (1623)<p><p>Although Galileo eloquently championed mathematical methods in science, the main target of his wit and sarcasm in The Assayer was Grassi, a fellow astronomer, whose mathematical methods proved that comets move above the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
7 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/works-greek-vol-5.html">Works in Greek, vol. 5</a> Aristotle, (1495-1498)<p><p>In a work entitled “On the Universe,” Aristotle argued that a 5th element, called ether or the quintessence, composes the celestial spheres that naturally rotate in place above the region where the four lower elements mix together beneath the Moon.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
7 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/dialogue-two-chief-systems-world.html">Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World</a> Galileo, (1632)<p><p><strong>Featuring Galileo's Handwriting</strong>. This is Galileo’s witty and entertaining dialogue in defense of Copernicus. In the frontispiece, Aristotle and Ptolemy hold an Earth-centered armillary sphere (left). Copernicus holds a Sun-centered model of the universe (right).</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
7 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/reformed-heaven.html">The Reformed Heaven</a> Bruno, Giordano (1750)<p><p>This work contains a survey of the constellations and a cosmological dialogue, Lo Spaccio de la Bestia Trionfante (The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast, 1584). Bruno, a Dominican astrologer and philosopher, affirmed that the universe is infinite, having no center.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
8 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/sphere-1511.html">On the Sphere, 1511</a> Proclus, (1511)<p><p>This work was attributed to Proclus (5th century), one of the most important Neoplatonic philosophers of late antiquity. It became one of the most popular introductions to astronomy during the Italian Renaissance, appearing in more than 70 16th-century editions.</p>
</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
8 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/complete-works.html">Complete Works</a> Brahe, Tycho (1648)<p><p>In De mundi aetherei (1588), Tycho reported that the comet of 1577 displayed no detectable parallax and thus moved, contrary to Aristotle, in the regions of the heavens beyond the Moon, passing through multiple celestial spheres. The ancient solid spheres melted.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
8 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/progress-and-hunter’s-lamp-logical-methods.html">Progress and the Hunter’s Lamp of Logical Methods</a> Bruno, Giordano (1587)<p><p>In this work, Bruno advocated a technique for discovery through pure thought, influenced by the methodology of Raymond Lull. This volume also contains the first printing of Bruno’s Examination of Forms (1588).</p>
</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
8 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/meteorology.html">On Meteorology</a> Descartes, René (1637)<p><p>This essay on meteorology contains Descartes’ explanation of the optics of the rainbow and his law of refraction. Descartes’ ambitious aim was to produce a new body of writings that would completely displace the Aristotelian corpus.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
9 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/shield-bearer-tycho-brahe.html">The Shield-Bearer for Tycho Brahe</a> Kepler, Johann (1625)<p><p>In his second and last contribution to the “Controversy over the Comets,” Kepler stepped in as a “shield-bearer” to defend Tycho from Galileo’s attacks.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
10 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/comparison-weights-astronomical-balance-and-small-scale.html">A Comparison of the Weights for The Astronomical Balance and the Small Scale </a> Grassi, Oratio (1627)<p><p>The Jesuit astronomers who had celebrated Galileo’s telescopic discoveries during his visit to Rome in 1611 now felt estranged by the biting satire of the The Assayer. The controversy concluded with this final reply. Both comets and cosmic systems remained enigmas.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
10 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/celebrated-questions-book-genesis.html">Celebrated Questions on the Book of Genesis</a> Marsenne, Marin (1623)<p><p>Commentaries on Genesis often served as scientific treatises or encyclopedias. Mersenne, a French theologian, astronomer, music theorist and scientific correspondent, addressed a wide range of issues in cosmology in this commentary.</p>
</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
10 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/commentary-aristotle’s-posterior-analytics.html">Commentary on Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics</a> Philoponus, (1504)<p><p>In the 6th century, the Greek physicist and theologian Philoponus constructed an anti-Aristotelian theory of motion. For Philoponus, an “impressed incorporeal motive force” explains the motion of a top, a projectile, and falling bodies.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
12 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/anatomical-exercises-dr-william-harvey.html">The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey</a> Harvey, William (1653)<p><p>Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood, first time in English: Concluding a series of brilliant teachers and students at the medical school of Padua that included Vesalius, Colombo, and Acquapendente (a friend of Galileo’s), Harvey marshaled a combination of quantitative,...</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
12 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/new-almagest-part-1.html">The New Almagest, part 1</a> Riccioli, Giambattista (1651)<p><p>The frontispiece of Riccioli’s treatise depicts not two, but three major systems of the world. The Ptolemaic system rests discarded (lower right corner) because of the phases of Venus and Mercury (upper left corner). All-seeing Argus looks on, holding a telescope.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
13 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/body-1662.html">On the Body, 1662</a> Descartes, René (1662)<p><p>The body in mechanical philosophy: Descartes applied the mechanical philosophy to every field of natural knowledge, including cosmology, meteorology, the Earth, astronomy and, in this book, the human body.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
13 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/new-almagest-part-2.html">The New Almagest, part 2</a> Riccioli, Giambattista (1651)<p><p>The frontispiece of Riccioli’s treatise depicts not two, but three major systems of the world. The Ptolemaic system rests discarded (lower right corner) because of the phases of Venus and Mercury (upper left corner). All-seeing Argus looks on, holding a telescope.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
14 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/body-1677.html">On the Body, 1677</a> Descartes, René (1677)<p><p>The illustration of the heart in this French edition shows a different artistic style than the Latin edition.</p>
</p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
14 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/principles-philosophy.html">Principles of Philosophy</a> Déscartes, René (1644)<p><p>In Descartes’ cosmology, each star lies at the center of a “vortex,” or gigantic pool of circulating fluid. Stars and vortices are mortal, passing into and out of existence.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
14 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/three-spheres.html">The Three Spheres</a> Beati, Gabriele (1662)<p><p>Which of Kircher’s six world systems are compatible with Beati’s cosmic section? Despite Galileo’s rhetorical attempt to cast cosmological debate as a choice between two chief world systems, Beati’s cosmic section is neither Ptolemaic nor Copernican.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
16 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/mathematical-principles-natural-philosophy-1687.html">Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687</a> Newton, Isaac (1687)<p><p>The Copernican idea that the Earth moves as a planet required a thorough revision of physics. Galileo undertook this task in his Discourse on Two New Sciences, published 80 years after Copernicus.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
<img src="https://lib.ou.edu/documents/book-16-xxl.png"> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
18 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/account-new-discovered-motion-fix’d-stars.html">An Account of a New Discovered Motion of the Fix’d Stars</a> Bradley, James (1729)<p><p>Direct observational proof of the motion of the Earth remained difficult to find, even as late as the generation of Isaac Newton.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
19 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/proper-motion-fixed-stars.html">On the Proper Motion of Fixed Stars</a> Bessel, Wilhelm<p><p>Scientific theories may be accepted on the basis of a weighing of many complex factors rather than a single determinative observation or crucial experiment. From antiquity, Copernicanism had been rejected due to a failure to observe stellar parallax.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
20 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/physical-demonstration-rotational-movement-earth.html">Physical Demonstration of the Rotational Movement of the Earth</a> Foucault, Léon (1851)<p><p>The Foucault pendulum swings in a constant plane or direction, and thus reveals the rotation of the Earth turning underneath.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd views-row-last">
<td class="views-field views-field-field-book-cover views-align-left bookcover-mobile" >
21 </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-title views-align-left" >
<a href="exhibits/physical-demonstration-rotational-movement-earth-0.html">Physical Demonstration of the Rotational Movement of the Earth</a> Foucault, Léon (1851)<p><p>The Foucault pendulum swings in a constant plane or direction, and thus reveals the rotation of the Earth turning underneath.</p></p> </td>
<td class="views-field views-field-field-oembed" >
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row location_middle">
<div class="col-md-6">
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;">
<div class="col-md-8 col-sm-6">
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<!-- <div style="margin:0px 15px 0px 15px;"> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end body tag -->
</div>
<!-- Library Footer Test -->
<div class="libfooter">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="region region-libfooter-logos">
<section id="block-block-4" class="block block-block clearfix">
<p align="center"><img class="accent" src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/accent.png" /></p>
<p><a href="https://libraries.ou.edu/" target="_blank">OU Libraries</a> | <a href="http://www.ou.edu/nwc" target="_blank">National Weather Center</a> | <a href="http://samnoblemuseum.ou.edu/" target="_blank">Sam Noble Museum</a> | <a href="http://www.ou.edu/fjjma.html" target="_blank">Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art</a> | <a href="http://www.ou.edu/tulsa.html" target="_blank">Schusterman Library</a> | <a href="https://soonersports.com/news/2013/5/20/208803906" target="_blank">Headington Hall</a> | <a href="http://library.ouhsc.edu/" target="_blank">Bird Health Sciences Library</a></p>
<p> </p>
</section>
</div>
</div> <!-- /#libfooter_logos -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ou global nav footer -->
<div class="footer">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row" style="padding-top: 20px;">
<div class="col-md-3" style="padding-bottom: 30px;">
<img src="sites/all/themes/oulib_galileotheme/images/footerlogo.png" alt="footerLogo" style="float: left; padding-right: 1em;" />
<a href="http://libraries.ou.edu" target="_blank">University Libraries</a><br />
401 W. Brooks St<br />
Norman, OK 73019<br />
(405) 325-3341
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<span style="width: 50%; float: left;">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://libraries.ou.edu/ask-us" title="Contact Us">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ou.edu/marcomm/accessstatement"
target="_blank">OU Accessibility Statement</a></li>
<li><a href="https://libraries.ou.edu/content/jobs-ou-libraries"
target="_blank">OU Libraries Jobs</a></li>
</ul>
</span>
<div style="width: 50%; float: right;">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.ou.edu/marcomm/copyright"
target="_blank">OU Copyright Statement</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.ou.edu/resources/legal-notices"
target="_blank">OU Policies/Legal Notice</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="clear: both; padding-bottom: 30px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="social">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/OULibraries" class="facebook" title="facebook" target="_blank"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/OU_Libraries" class="twitter" title="twitter" target="_blank"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvRR9Wy7ECUS0DQbOp2dnbg" class="youtube" title="youtube" target="_blank"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/oulibraries/" class="instagram" title="instagram" target="_blank"></a></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align:center;"><strong><p>#GWreprise</p><strong></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- footer -->
</div>
<!-- Place this script as near to the end of your BODY as possible. -->
<script
type="text/javascript">
(function() {
var x = document.createElement("script"); x.type = "text/javascript"; x.async = true;
x.src = (document.location.protocol === "https:" ? "https://" : "http://") + "us.libraryh3lp.com/js/libraryh3lp.js?multi,poll";
var y = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; y.parentNode.insertBefore(x, y);
})();
</script>
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5W4N7EK80R"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-5W4N7EK80R');
</script>
<script src="sites/all/themes/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js%3Fs8wmom"></script>
</body>
</html>