diff --git a/autolens/analysis/exceptions.py b/autolens/analysis/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..008dbe256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/autolens/analysis/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import os
+from typing import NoReturn
+
+import autofit as af
+
+
+def raise_fit_exception(exception: Exception) -> NoReturn:
+    """
+    Re-raise a numpy-path fit failure as an ``af.exc.FitException`` so the
+    non-linear search discards and resamples the model.
+
+    This is path-parity with the JAX branch: there, a pathological model (e.g. a
+    non-positive-definite inversion) yields ``NaN`` which ``autofit`` maps to a
+    resample, whereas the numpy branch raises (e.g. ``numpy.linalg.LinAlgError``).
+    Wrapping the raise in ``FitException`` — which ``autofit`` catches and
+    resamples — makes both branches behave identically for real fits.
+
+    The original exception is preserved as the ``__cause__`` (via ``raise ...
+    from``), so the true failure remains visible in the traceback rather than
+    being masked behind a bare ``FitException``.
+
+    Set the environment variable ``PYAUTO_RAISE_ANALYSIS_EXCEPTIONS=1`` to
+    re-raise the original exception unchanged instead of wrapping it. This is a
+    debugging aid for surfacing the real cause of a masked failure — for example
+    under ``PYAUTO_TEST_MODE``, where a single likelihood evaluation is not
+    absorbed by a sampler and the wrapped ``FitException`` would otherwise hide
+    the underlying error. Off by default so production searches keep resampling.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    exception
+        The original exception raised while evaluating the numpy-path fit.
+    """
+    if os.environ.get("PYAUTO_RAISE_ANALYSIS_EXCEPTIONS", "0") == "1":
+        raise exception
+    raise af.exc.FitException from exception
diff --git a/autolens/imaging/model/analysis.py b/autolens/imaging/model/analysis.py
index b9b592245..88c28c263 100644
--- a/autolens/imaging/model/analysis.py
+++ b/autolens/imaging/model/analysis.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 from autonerves.fitsable import hdu_list_for_output_from
 
 from autolens.analysis.analysis.dataset import AnalysisDataset
+from autolens.analysis.exceptions import raise_fit_exception
 from autolens.analysis.latent import LatentLens
 from autolens.imaging.model.result import ResultImaging
 from autolens.imaging.model.visualizer import VisualizerImaging
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ def log_likelihood_function(self, instance: af.ModelInstance, shared=None) -> fl
                 - log_likelihood_penalty
             )
         except Exception as e:
-            raise af.exc.FitException
+            raise_fit_exception(e)
 
     def shared_state_from(self, instance: af.ModelInstance):
         """
diff --git a/autolens/interferometer/model/analysis.py b/autolens/interferometer/model/analysis.py
index 617858477..4fbdbb361 100644
--- a/autolens/interferometer/model/analysis.py
+++ b/autolens/interferometer/model/analysis.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import autogalaxy as ag
 
 from autolens.analysis.analysis.dataset import AnalysisDataset
+from autolens.analysis.exceptions import raise_fit_exception
 from autolens.analysis.positions import PositionsLH
 from autolens.interferometer.model.result import ResultInterferometer
 from autolens.interferometer.model.visualizer import VisualizerInterferometer
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ def log_likelihood_function(self, instance, shared=None):
                 - log_likelihood_penalty
             )
         except Exception as e:
-            raise af.exc.FitException
+            raise_fit_exception(e)
 
     def shared_state_from(self, instance: af.ModelInstance):
         """
diff --git a/autolens/point/model/analysis.py b/autolens/point/model/analysis.py
index ededb9193..9124a3994 100644
--- a/autolens/point/model/analysis.py
+++ b/autolens/point/model/analysis.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 from autogalaxy.analysis.analysis.analysis import Analysis as AgAnalysis
 
 from autolens.analysis.analysis.lens import AnalysisLens
+from autolens.analysis.exceptions import raise_fit_exception
 from autolens.point.fit.positions.image.pair_repeat import FitPositionsImagePairRepeat
 from autolens.point.fit.dataset import FitPointDataset
 from autolens.point.dataset import PointDataset
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ def log_likelihood_function(self, instance):
         try:
             return self.fit_from(instance=instance).log_likelihood
         except Exception as e:
-            raise af.exc.FitException
+            raise_fit_exception(e)
 
     def fit_from(
         self,
diff --git a/test_autolens/analysis/test_exceptions.py b/test_autolens/analysis/test_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a9e0ba0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_autolens/analysis/test_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import pytest
+
+import autofit as af
+from autolens.analysis.exceptions import raise_fit_exception
+
+
+class _Sentinel(Exception):
+    """A distinctive error standing in for a real numpy-path fit failure."""
+
+
+def test__wraps_as_fit_exception_and_preserves_cause():
+    sentinel = _Sentinel("non-PD inversion")
+
+    with pytest.raises(af.exc.FitException) as exc_info:
+        raise_fit_exception(sentinel)
+
+    # The search resamples on FitException, but the true failure must remain
+    # visible in the traceback via __cause__ rather than being masked.
+    assert exc_info.value.__cause__ is sentinel
+
+
+def test__env_flag_reraises_original_unwrapped(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("PYAUTO_RAISE_ANALYSIS_EXCEPTIONS", "1")
+    sentinel = _Sentinel("non-PD inversion")
+
+    with pytest.raises(_Sentinel) as exc_info:
+        raise_fit_exception(sentinel)
+
+    assert exc_info.value is sentinel
+
+
+def test__env_flag_zero_still_wraps(monkeypatch):
+    # Only "1" enables raise-through; "0" must keep wrapping (guards against the
+    # "0"-is-a-truthy-string trap).
+    monkeypatch.setenv("PYAUTO_RAISE_ANALYSIS_EXCEPTIONS", "0")
+
+    with pytest.raises(af.exc.FitException):
+        raise_fit_exception(_Sentinel())