diff --git a/src/module_writer/virtual_writer.rs b/src/module_writer/virtual_writer.rs
index 6256d5ad4..c4bfbc699 100644
--- a/src/module_writer/virtual_writer.rs
+++ b/src/module_writer/virtual_writer.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use anyhow::Result;
-use anyhow::bail;
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use ignore::overrides::Override;
 #[cfg(test)]
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
@@ -562,6 +561,53 @@ impl VirtualWriter<SDistWriter> {
         let path = inner.finish()?;
         Ok(path)
     }
+
+    /// Write all tracked entries to a directory on disk.
+    pub(crate) fn materialize_to(&self, dir: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        for (target, source) in &self.tracker {
+            let dest = dir.join(target);
+            if let Some(parent) = dest.parent() {
+                fs_err::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+            }
+            match source {
+                ArchiveSource::Generated(g) => {
+                    fs_err::write(&dest, &g.data)?;
+                }
+                ArchiveSource::File(f) => {
+                    fs_err::copy(&f.path, &dest)?;
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            {
+                use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+                let mode = super::default_permission(source.executable());
+                fs_err::set_permissions(&dest, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(mode))?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Replace an existing tracker entry with new in-memory bytes,
+    /// preserving the original entry's metadata.
+    pub(crate) fn replace_bytes(&mut self, target: &Path, data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
+        let old = self.tracker.get(target).with_context(|| {
+            format!(
+                "cannot replace non-existent tracker entry: {}",
+                target.display()
+            )
+        })?;
+        let path = old.path().map(Path::to_path_buf);
+        let executable = old.executable();
+        self.tracker.insert(
+            target.to_path_buf(),
+            ArchiveSource::Generated(GeneratedSourceData {
+                data,
+                path,
+                executable,
+            }),
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl VirtualWriter<WheelWriter> {
diff --git a/src/source_distribution/mod.rs b/src/source_distribution/mod.rs
index 5dea7961e..96992130b 100644
--- a/src/source_distribution/mod.rs
+++ b/src/source_distribution/mod.rs
@@ -742,6 +742,52 @@ fn add_cargo_lock(writer: &mut VirtualWriter<SDistWriter>, ctx: &SdistContext<'_
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Regenerate Cargo.lock when workspace members were removed from the sdist.
+fn regenerate_cargo_lock(
+    writer: &mut VirtualWriter<SDistWriter>,
+    ctx: &SdistContext<'_>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let has_stripped_members = ctx.project.cargo_metadata.workspace_members.len() > 1;
+    if !has_stripped_members {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let cargo_lock_target = ctx.root_dir.join("Cargo.lock");
+    if !writer.contains_target(&cargo_lock_target) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    debug!("Regenerating Cargo.lock for sdist to remove stale workspace member entries");
+
+    let tmp =
+        tempfile::tempdir().context("Failed to create temp dir for Cargo.lock regeneration")?;
+    writer.materialize_to(tmp.path())?;
+
+    let sdist_dir = tmp.path().join(ctx.root_dir);
+    let output = Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(["generate-lockfile"])
+        .current_dir(&sdist_dir)
+        .output()
+        .context("Failed to run `cargo generate-lockfile`")?;
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+        bail!(
+            "`cargo generate-lockfile` failed in `{}`(exit status: {}):\n{}\n{}",
+            sdist_dir.display(),
+            output.status,
+            stderr,
+            stdout
+        );
+    }
+
+    let regenerated = fs_err::read(sdist_dir.join("Cargo.lock"))
+        .context("Failed to read regenerated Cargo.lock")?;
+    writer.replace_bytes(&cargo_lock_target, regenerated)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Add the workspace Cargo.toml (when the crate is a workspace member).
 fn add_workspace_manifest(
     writer: &mut VirtualWriter<SDistWriter>,
@@ -864,6 +910,9 @@ fn add_cargo_package_files_to_sdist(
     // 4. Add workspace Cargo.toml (if applicable)
     add_workspace_manifest(writer, &ctx)?;
 
+    // 4.5 Regenerate Cargo.lock if workspace members were removed (#2609)
+    regenerate_cargo_lock(writer, &ctx)?;
+
     // 5. Add pyproject.toml metadata files and collect path rewrites.
     let metadata_rewrites =
         add_pyproject_metadata_files(writer, pyproject, &ctx, allowed_metadata_root)?;
diff --git a/tests/run/sdist.rs b/tests/run/sdist.rs
index 5834e667c..bad1212c6 100644
--- a/tests/run/sdist.rs
+++ b/tests/run/sdist.rs
@@ -278,6 +278,163 @@ fn workspace_cargo_lock() {
     handle_result(other::test_workspace_cargo_lock())
 }
 
+/// Regression test for https://github.com/PyO3/maturin/issues/2609:
+/// `cargo build --locked` must succeed inside an sdist built from a workspace
+/// where some members were removed.
+#[test]
+fn sdist_workspace_removed_members_cargo_lock() {
+    let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let workspace_dir = temp_dir.path().join("workspace");
+
+    let python_dir = workspace_dir.join("crates/python-pkg");
+    let devtool_dir = workspace_dir.join("crates/devtool");
+    fs_err::create_dir_all(python_dir.join("src")).unwrap();
+    fs_err::create_dir_all(devtool_dir.join("src")).unwrap();
+
+    fs_err::write(
+        workspace_dir.join("Cargo.toml"),
+        indoc!(
+            r#"
+            [workspace]
+            resolver = "2"
+            members = ["crates/python-pkg", "crates/devtool"]
+            "#
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    fs_err::write(
+        python_dir.join("Cargo.toml"),
+        indoc!(
+            r#"
+            [package]
+            name = "python-pkg"
+            version = "0.1.0"
+            edition = "2021"
+
+            [lib]
+            crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+            [dependencies]
+            pyo3 = { version = "0.28.3", features = ["extension-module"] }
+            "#
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    fs_err::write(
+        python_dir.join("src/lib.rs"),
+        indoc!(
+            r#"
+            use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+            #[pymodule]
+            fn python_pkg(_m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            "#
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    fs_err::write(
+        python_dir.join("pyproject.toml"),
+        indoc!(
+            r#"
+            [build-system]
+            requires = ["maturin>=1.0,<2.0"]
+            build-backend = "maturin"
+
+            [project]
+            name = "python-pkg"
+            version = "0.1.0"
+
+            [tool.maturin]
+            module-name = "python_pkg"
+            "#
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    fs_err::write(
+        devtool_dir.join("Cargo.toml"),
+        indoc!(
+            r#"
+            [package]
+            name = "devtool"
+            version = "0.1.0"
+            edition = "2021"
+
+            [dependencies]
+            rand = "0.8"
+
+            [[bin]]
+            name = "devtool"
+            path = "src/main.rs"
+            "#
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    fs_err::write(devtool_dir.join("src/main.rs"), "fn main() {}\n").unwrap();
+
+    // Generate the workspace Cargo.lock that covers both members.
+    let output = Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(["generate-lockfile"])
+        .current_dir(&workspace_dir)
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "failed to generate workspace Cargo.lock\nstderr:\n{}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr),
+    );
+
+    // Build an sdist for python-pkg only — devtool will be stripped.
+    let sdist_dir = temp_dir.path().join("dist");
+    let build_options = BuildOptions {
+        output: OutputOptions {
+            out: Some(sdist_dir),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        cargo: CargoOptions {
+            manifest_path: Some(python_dir.join("Cargo.toml")),
+            quiet: true,
+            target_dir: Some(temp_dir.path().join("target")),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let build_context = build_options
+        .into_build_context()
+        .strip(Some(false))
+        .editable(false)
+        .sdist_only(true)
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+    let (sdist_path, _) = BuildOrchestrator::new(&build_context)
+        .build_source_distribution()
+        .unwrap()
+        .expect("failed to build sdist");
+
+    // Unpack and verify `cargo metadata --frozen` succeeds (it uses the
+    // lockfile without modifying it, which fails if stale entries remain).
+    let maturin::UnpackedSdist {
+        tmpdir: _tmp,
+        cargo_toml,
+        pyproject_toml: _,
+    } = unpack_sdist(&sdist_path).unwrap();
+
+    let output = Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(["metadata", "--frozen", "--manifest-path"])
+        .arg(&cargo_toml)
+        .args(["--format-version", "1"])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "`cargo metadata --frozen` failed in unpacked sdist (stale Cargo.lock?)\nstderr:\n{}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr),
+    );
+}
+
 fn write_workspace_bin_project(
     workspace_dir: &Path,
     member: &str,