diff --git a/src/extract_gpuinfo_amdgpu.c b/src/extract_gpuinfo_amdgpu.c
index 5c8a9bb..075ad54 100644
--- a/src/extract_gpuinfo_amdgpu.c
+++ b/src/extract_gpuinfo_amdgpu.c
@@ -975,12 +975,17 @@ static bool parse_drm_fdinfo_amd(struct gpu_info *info, FILE *fdinfo_file, struc
     if (static_info->encode_decode_shared)
       SET_GPUINFO_PROCESS(process_info, decode_usage, process_info->decode_usage + process_info->encode_usage);
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    // We should only process one fdinfo entry per client id per update
+    // Check if we already processed this client_id in the current update cycle.
+    // This can happen when a process has multiple file descriptors referencing
+    // the same DRM client (e.g., via DRM master operations).
     struct amdgpu_process_info_cache *cache_entry_check;
     HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cache_entry->client_id, cache_entry_check);
-    assert(!cache_entry_check && "We should not be processing a client id twice per update");
-#endif
+    if (cache_entry_check) {
+      // Already processed this client_id, free the entry if we allocated it
+      if (cache_entry != cache_entry_check)
+        free(cache_entry);
+      goto parse_fdinfo_exit;
+    }
 
     // Store this measurement data
     RESET_ALL(cache_entry->valid);
diff --git a/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_i915.c b/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_i915.c
index 1d6c13a..52f7aab 100644
--- a/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_i915.c
+++ b/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_i915.c
@@ -303,12 +303,17 @@ bool parse_drm_fdinfo_intel_i915(struct gpu_info *info, FILE *fdinfo_file, struc
     cache_entry->client_id.pdev = gpu_info->base.pdev;
   }
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  // We should only process one fdinfo entry per client id per update
+  // Check if we already processed this client_id in the current update cycle.
+  // This can happen when a process has multiple file descriptors referencing
+  // the same DRM client (e.g., via DRM master operations).
   struct intel_process_info_cache *cache_entry_check;
   HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cache_entry->client_id, cache_entry_check);
-  assert(!cache_entry_check && "We should not be processing a client id twice per update");
-#endif
+  if (cache_entry_check) {
+    // Already processed this client_id, free the entry if we allocated it
+    if (cache_entry != cache_entry_check)
+      free(cache_entry);
+    goto parse_fdinfo_exit;
+  }
 
   RESET_ALL(cache_entry->valid);
   if (GPUINFO_PROCESS_FIELD_VALID(process_info, gfx_engine_used))
diff --git a/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_xe.c b/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_xe.c
index 4ac1556..07975f9 100644
--- a/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_xe.c
+++ b/src/extract_gpuinfo_intel_xe.c
@@ -254,12 +254,17 @@ bool parse_drm_fdinfo_intel_xe(struct gpu_info *info, FILE *fdinfo_file, struct
     cache_entry->client_id.pdev = gpu_info->base.pdev;
   }
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  // We should only process one fdinfo entry per client id per update
+  // Check if we already processed this client_id in the current update cycle.
+  // This can happen when a process has multiple file descriptors referencing
+  // the same DRM client (e.g., via DRM master operations).
   struct intel_process_info_cache *cache_entry_check;
   HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cache_entry->client_id, cache_entry_check);
-  assert(!cache_entry_check && "We should not be processing a client id twice per update");
-#endif
+  if (cache_entry_check) {
+    // Already processed this client_id, free the entry if we allocated it
+    if (cache_entry != cache_entry_check)
+      free(cache_entry);
+    goto parse_fdinfo_exit;
+  }
 
   RESET_ALL(cache_entry->valid);
   SET_INTEL_CACHE(cache_entry, gpu_cycles, gpu_cycles);
diff --git a/src/extract_gpuinfo_mali_common.c b/src/extract_gpuinfo_mali_common.c
index 6a767da..b9b843b 100644
--- a/src/extract_gpuinfo_mali_common.c
+++ b/src/extract_gpuinfo_mali_common.c
@@ -435,12 +435,17 @@ void mali_common_parse_fdinfo_handle_cache(struct gpu_info_mali *gpu_info,
     cache_entry->last_cycles = total_cycles;
   }
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  // We should only process one fdinfo entry per client id per update
+  // Check if we already processed this client_id in the current update cycle.
+  // This can happen when a process has multiple file descriptors referencing
+  // the same DRM client (e.g., via DRM master operations).
   struct mali_process_info_cache *cache_entry_check;
   HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cache_entry->client_id, cache_entry_check);
-  assert(!cache_entry_check && "We should not be processing a client id twice per update");
-#endif
+  if (cache_entry_check) {
+    // Already processed this client_id, free the entry if we allocated it
+    if (cache_entry != cache_entry_check)
+      free(cache_entry);
+    return;
+  }
 
   RESET_ALL(cache_entry->valid);
   if (GPUINFO_PROCESS_FIELD_VALID(process_info, gfx_engine_used))
diff --git a/src/extract_gpuinfo_msm.c b/src/extract_gpuinfo_msm.c
index f05b7fe..83c2e26 100644
--- a/src/extract_gpuinfo_msm.c
+++ b/src/extract_gpuinfo_msm.c
@@ -357,12 +357,17 @@ static bool parse_drm_fdinfo_msm(struct gpu_info *info, FILE *fdinfo_file, struc
     cache_entry->client_id.pid = process_info->pid;
   }
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  // We should only process one fdinfo entry per client id per update
+  // Check if we already processed this client_id in the current update cycle.
+  // This can happen when a process has multiple file descriptors referencing
+  // the same DRM client (e.g., via DRM master operations).
   struct msm_process_info_cache *cache_entry_check;
-  HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cid, cache_entry_check);
-  assert(!cache_entry_check && "We should not be processing a client id twice per update");
-#endif
+  HASH_FIND_CLIENT(gpu_info->current_update_process_cache, &cache_entry->client_id, cache_entry_check);
+  if (cache_entry_check) {
+    // Already processed this client_id, free the entry if we allocated it
+    if (cache_entry != cache_entry_check)
+      free(cache_entry);
+    goto parse_fdinfo_exit;
+  }
 
   RESET_ALL(cache_entry->valid);
   if (GPUINFO_PROCESS_FIELD_VALID(process_info, gfx_engine_used))