diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 2c4b06d..8a2a53f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,9 +7,18 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.14.0] - 2026-09-14
+
+### Changed
+- Upgraded spectra dependency to `~> 0.14.0` (now resolving to `0.14.1`). Doc annotations (`title`, `description`, `deprecated`, `examples`, `examples_function`) set with the `spectral/1` macro now propagate into every schema the type is inlined into — struct and map field values, list and non-empty list elements, union branches, optional map values, and remote types from other modules. Previously only the type that schema generation was entered with kept its annotations, so `deprecated: true` on a type used as a struct field produced nothing in the output. Generated JSON Schema and OpenAPI output changes accordingly for annotated sub-schemas.
+- Where a type alias and the type it resolves to set the same key, the annotation nearest the use site wins; keys only one of them sets are kept from both.
+- `examples` are now validated at every position the type is inlined into, and `examples_function` is invoked once per position rather than once per schema.
+
 ### Fixed
+- An `examples` value that does not encode as its own type now raises `ArgumentError` with the offending example and type name instead of a raw `ErlangError`. This error is reachable from many more places now that examples are validated at every inlined position.
 - `Spectral.AbstractCode` now handles the Elixir non-empty list shorthand, `[elem_type, ...]` (and bare `[...]`), matching the existing `nonempty_list(elem_type)` support. Previously these types failed to compile with `unsupported type AST`.
 - `encode/4-5`, `decode/4-5`, and `schema/3-4` rescue `error in ErlangError` to translate a few known spectra configuration errors into `ArgumentError`, but that rescue clause also binds every other exception Elixir normalizes a raw BEAM error into (e.g. `%BadMapError{}`, `%KeyError{}`), not just literal `%ErlangError{}` structs. Any unrelated crash inside spectra therefore hit `handle_erlang_error/4`'s single `%ErlangError{}` clause and failed with a misleading `FunctionClauseError` pointing at Spectral itself, discarding the original exception and stacktrace. Such crashes now reraise unchanged, with their original stacktrace intact.
+- Encoding a struct with data that isn't a map (a string, integer, list, or atom) crashed with a raw `badmap` error instead of returning `{:error, [%Spectral.Error{}]}` (spectra 0.14.1). Only the struct branch of encoding was affected; plain map types, list types, record types, and decoding were unaffected.
 - `Spectral.Codec.encode/5`, `Spectral.Codec.decode/5`, and `Spectral.Codec.schema/4` now accept a `{:type, name, arity}` or `{:record, name}` reference, as their `sp_type_or_ref()` specs always claimed. Previously only a resolved `sp_type()` node worked and a reference failed with a `type_mismatch` naming an unexpected type.
 - The `schema/5` callback is declared to return `map() | :continue`. Returning `:continue` for types a codec does not handle was already documented and supported, but the callback spec said `map()`.
 - The README's custom codec example used the pre-0.12.0 callback signatures (`encode/7`, `decode/7`, `schema/6` with a separate `params` argument). Copying it produced callbacks that did not match the behaviour. The example and the `type_parameters` section now show the current `encode/6`, `decode/6`, and `schema/5`, and read `type_parameters` via `:spectra_type.parameters/1`.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c708540..99f462d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Add `spectral` to your list of dependencies in `mix.exs`:
 ```elixir
 def deps do
   [
-    {:spectral, "~> 0.13.0"}
+    {:spectral, "~> 0.14.0"}
   ]
 end
 ```
@@ -613,6 +613,38 @@ schema = Spectral.schema(Person, :t) |> IO.iodata_to_binary() |> Jason.decode!()
 # %{"title" => "Person", "description" => "A person with name and age", "type" => "object", ...}
 ```
 
+**Annotations follow the type wherever it is used.** A type annotated with `title`,
+`description`, `deprecated`, `examples` or `examples_function` carries that metadata into
+every schema it is inlined into — struct and map field values, list and non-empty list
+elements, union branches, optional map values, and types referenced from another module:
+
+```elixir
+defmodule Payment do
+  use Spectral
+
+  spectral title: "Payer", deprecated: true
+  @type payer :: String.t()
+
+  @type request :: %{payer: payer(), amount: non_neg_integer()}
+end
+
+Spectral.schema(Payment, :request) |> IO.iodata_to_binary() |> Jason.decode!()
+# properties.payer is %{"type" => "string", "title" => "Payer", "deprecated" => true}
+```
+
+When a type alias and the type it resolves to set the same key, the annotation nearest the
+use site wins; keys only one of them sets are kept from both.
+
+Three positions do not carry the annotation: a union whose members all resolve to literals
+(it collapses into a single `enum` schema), a type whose schema comes from a custom codec,
+and a parameterized type. An annotation on the union type itself, or on a plain type that
+aliases a codec-handled type, is still kept.
+
+Because an annotation reaches every position its type appears in, `examples` are validated
+at each of them and an `examples_function` is called once per position — keep such functions
+cheap and free of side effects. An example that does not encode as its own type raises
+`ArgumentError` from schema generation.
+
 **Multiple types in one module** — only types with a `spectral` call will have title/description in their schemas:
 
 ```elixir
diff --git a/lib/spectral.ex b/lib/spectral.ex
index f243c9b..de56ed5 100644
--- a/lib/spectral.ex
+++ b/lib/spectral.ex
@@ -697,6 +697,10 @@ defmodule Spectral do
         raise ArgumentError,
               "type not supported: #{inspect(type_info)} (#{operation})"
 
+      {:invalid_example, type, example, _errors} ->
+        raise ArgumentError,
+              "invalid example #{inspect(example)} for #{describe_type(type)} (#{operation})"
+
       _other ->
         # Not a known configuration error — re-raise as-is with the original
         # stacktrace instead of losing where it happened.
@@ -711,4 +715,11 @@ defmodule Spectral do
   defp handle_erlang_error(error, stacktrace, _operation, _module, _type_ref) do
     reraise error, stacktrace
   end
+
+  defp describe_type(type) do
+    case :spectra_type.get_meta(type) do
+      %{name: {:type, name, arity}} -> "type #{name}/#{arity}"
+      _meta -> "type #{inspect(type)}"
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/mix.exs b/mix.exs
index 16ab742..6d75e9c 100644
--- a/mix.exs
+++ b/mix.exs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ defmodule Spectral.MixProject do
   def project do
     [
       app: :spectral,
-      version: "0.13.0",
+      version: "0.14.0",
       elixir: "~> 1.17",
       start_permanent: Mix.env() == :prod,
       description: description(),
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ defmodule Spectral.MixProject do
 
   defp deps do
     [
-      {:spectra, "~> 0.13.1"},
+      {:spectra, "~> 0.14.0"},
       {:stream_data, "~> 1.1", only: :test},
       {:cover_diff, "~> 0.1.0", only: :test, runtime: false},
       # Code quality tools
diff --git a/mix.lock b/mix.lock
index 85513b5..b73e58b 100644
--- a/mix.lock
+++ b/mix.lock
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@
   "makeup_elixir": {:hex, :makeup_elixir, "1.0.1", "e928a4f984e795e41e3abd27bfc09f51db16ab8ba1aebdba2b3a575437efafc2", [:mix], [{:makeup, "~> 1.0", [hex: :makeup, repo: "hexpm", optional: false]}, {:nimble_parsec, "~> 1.2.3 or ~> 1.3", [hex: :nimble_parsec, repo: "hexpm", optional: false]}], "hexpm", "7284900d412a3e5cfd97fdaed4f5ed389b8f2b4cb49efc0eb3bd10e2febf9507"},
   "makeup_erlang": {:hex, :makeup_erlang, "1.0.3", "4252d5d4098da7415c390e847c814bad3764c94a814a0b4245176215615e1035", [:mix], [{:makeup, "~> 1.0", [hex: :makeup, repo: "hexpm", optional: false]}], "hexpm", "953297c02582a33411ac6208f2c6e55f0e870df7f80da724ed613f10e6706afd"},
   "nimble_parsec": {:hex, :nimble_parsec, "1.4.2", "8efba0122db06df95bfaa78f791344a89352ba04baedd3849593bfce4d0dc1c6", [:mix], [], "hexpm", "4b21398942dda052b403bbe1da991ccd03a053668d147d53fb8c4e0efe09c973"},
-  "spectra": {:hex, :spectra, "0.13.1", "b250f046c0ebb3d41b30b97e7ef47b4838fdf702f319c90f854f84d4995f11e5", [:rebar3], [], "hexpm", "b964883070df0192cf0811f15b49aec21951451a964d386ae6b19dd6cee4488d"},
+  "spectra": {:hex, :spectra, "0.14.1", "2845541bc0bfe1043a104485dd9466f1dbdd533adad0ee2161a8cd5f91108c30", [:rebar3], [], "hexpm", "2b47fb73194e7bd89197b9fe32d10d4a50466df1c314eabe007f2e7dd8473a1a"},
   "stream_data": {:hex, :stream_data, "1.3.0", "bde37905530aff386dea1ddd86ecbf00e6642dc074ceffc10b7d4e41dfd6aac9", [:mix], [], "hexpm", "3cc552e286e817dca43c98044c706eec9318083a1480c52ae2688b08e2936e3c"},
 }
diff --git a/test/spectral_nested_doc_test.exs b/test/spectral_nested_doc_test.exs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ee475d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spectral_nested_doc_test.exs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+defmodule SpectralNestedDocTest do
+  # Doc annotations (title, description, deprecated, examples) survive inlining
+  # into another schema (spectra 0.14.0). Before 0.14.0 the annotations were
+  # kept only on the type that schema generation was entered with.
+  use ExUnit.Case, async: true
+
+  defp schema(module, type) do
+    module |> Spectral.schema(type) |> IO.iodata_to_binary() |> Jason.decode!()
+  end
+
+  defp properties(module, type), do: schema(module, type)["properties"]
+
+  describe "annotations on inlined types" do
+    test "a remote annotated type keeps its metadata as a map field value" do
+      assert %{
+               "type" => "string",
+               "title" => "Payer",
+               "description" => "Account charged",
+               "deprecated" => true
+             } = properties(NestedDocModule, :request)["payer"]
+    end
+
+    test "a local annotated type keeps title, description and examples as a map field value" do
+      assert %{
+               "type" => "integer",
+               "title" => "Amount",
+               "description" => "Amount in cents",
+               "examples" => [1500]
+             } = properties(NestedDocModule, :request)["amount"]
+    end
+
+    test "list and non-empty list elements keep their metadata" do
+      props = properties(NestedDocModule, :request)
+
+      assert %{"title" => "Tag", "description" => "A short tag"} = props["tags"]["items"]
+      assert %{"title" => "Tag", "description" => "A short tag"} = props["more_tags"]["items"]
+      assert props["more_tags"]["minItems"] == 1
+    end
+
+    test "a union branch keeps its metadata" do
+      assert %{"anyOf" => branches} = properties(NestedDocModule, :request)["note"]
+
+      assert %{"type" => "string", "title" => "Tag", "description" => "A short tag"} in branches
+      assert %{"type" => "integer"} in branches
+    end
+
+    test "an optional map value keeps its metadata" do
+      assert %{"title" => "Tag", "description" => "A short tag"} =
+               properties(NestedDocModule, :optional_map)["tag"]
+    end
+
+    test "struct fields keep their metadata" do
+      props = properties(NestedDocModule, :t)
+
+      assert %{"title" => "Amount", "examples" => [1500]} = props["amount"]
+      assert %{"title" => "Tag"} = props["tag"]
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "annotation merging through an alias" do
+    test "the annotation nearest the use site wins and other keys are kept from both" do
+      assert %{"title" => "Label", "description" => "A short tag"} =
+               properties(NestedDocModule, :labelled)["label"]
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "example validation at inlined positions" do
+    test "an example that does not encode as its own type is rejected when inlined" do
+      assert_raise ArgumentError,
+                   ~s{invalid example "not an integer" for type count/0 (schema)},
+                   fn -> Spectral.schema(NestedDocBadExampleModule, :wrapper) end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "examples_function at inlined positions" do
+    test "the function is called once per position the type is inlined into" do
+      before = NestedDocModule.counted_examples_calls()
+      props = properties(NestedDocModule, :two_counted)
+
+      assert NestedDocModule.counted_examples_calls() - before == 2
+      assert %{"title" => "Counted", "examples" => [7]} = props["first"]
+      assert %{"title" => "Counted", "examples" => [7]} = props["second"]
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "annotations in OpenAPI output" do
+    test "a response body schema carries the annotations of its nested types" do
+      endpoint =
+        Spectral.OpenAPI.endpoint(:get, "/payments")
+        |> Spectral.OpenAPI.add_response(
+          Spectral.OpenAPI.response(200, "OK")
+          |> Spectral.OpenAPI.response_with_body(NestedDocModule, {:type, :t, 0})
+        )
+
+      {:ok, json} =
+        Spectral.OpenAPI.endpoints_to_openapi(%{title: "API", version: "1.0"}, [endpoint])
+
+      spec = json |> IO.iodata_to_binary() |> Jason.decode!()
+
+      assert %{"$ref" => "#/components/schemas/NestedDocModule"} =
+               spec["paths"]["/payments"]["get"]["responses"]["200"]["content"][
+                 "application/json"
+               ]["schema"]
+
+      props = spec["components"]["schemas"]["NestedDocModule"]["properties"]
+
+      assert %{"title" => "Amount", "description" => "Amount in cents"} = props["amount"]
+      assert %{"title" => "Tag", "description" => "A short tag"} = props["tag"]
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/spectral_struct_encode_test.exs b/test/spectral_struct_encode_test.exs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14e364c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spectral_struct_encode_test.exs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+defmodule SpectralStructEncodeTest do
+  use ExUnit.Case, async: true
+
+  @moduledoc """
+  Encoding a struct type with data that isn't a map (a string, integer, list,
+  or atom) crashed with a raw `badmap` error instead of returning
+  `{:error, [%Spectral.Error{}]}`, because the struct branch of spectra's
+  encoder was missing the `is_map/1` guard the plain map, list, and record
+  branches already had. Fixed in spectra 0.14.1.
+  """
+
+  test "encoding non-map data against a struct type returns a type_mismatch error" do
+    assert {:error, [%Spectral.Error{type: :type_mismatch}]} =
+             Spectral.encode("not a map", Person, {:type, :t, 0})
+  end
+
+  test "encoding! raises Spectral.Error rather than crashing" do
+    assert_raise Spectral.Error, fn ->
+      Spectral.encode!("not a map", Person, {:type, :t, 0})
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/support/nested_doc_bad_example_module.ex b/test/support/nested_doc_bad_example_module.ex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51fbd82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/support/nested_doc_bad_example_module.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+defmodule NestedDocBadExampleModule do
+  @moduledoc false
+  # An example that does not encode as its own type is rejected at every
+  # position the type is inlined into (spectra 0.14.0)
+  use Spectral
+
+  spectral(title: "Count", examples: ["not an integer"])
+  @type count :: non_neg_integer()
+
+  @type wrapper :: %{count: count()}
+end
diff --git a/test/support/nested_doc_module.ex b/test/support/nested_doc_module.ex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0941e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/support/nested_doc_module.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+defmodule NestedDocModule do
+  @moduledoc false
+  # Doc annotations propagate into inlined sub-schemas (spectra 0.14.0)
+  use Spectral
+
+  defmodule Remote do
+    @moduledoc false
+    use Spectral
+
+    spectral(title: "Payer", description: "Account charged", deprecated: true)
+    @type payer :: String.t()
+  end
+
+  spectral(title: "Amount", description: "Amount in cents", examples: [1500])
+  @type amount :: non_neg_integer()
+
+  spectral(title: "Tag", description: "A short tag")
+  @type tag :: String.t()
+
+  @type request :: %{
+          payer: Remote.payer(),
+          amount: amount(),
+          tags: [tag()],
+          more_tags: nonempty_list(tag()),
+          note: tag() | integer()
+        }
+
+  @type optional_map :: %{optional(:tag) => tag()}
+
+  defstruct [:amount, :tag]
+
+  @type t :: %NestedDocModule{amount: amount(), tag: tag()}
+
+  spectral(title: "Label")
+  @type label :: tag()
+
+  @type labelled :: %{label: label()}
+
+  spectral(title: "Counted", examples_function: {__MODULE__, :counted_examples, []})
+  @type counted :: non_neg_integer()
+
+  @type two_counted :: %{first: counted(), second: counted()}
+
+  @doc false
+  def counted_examples do
+    Process.put(:counted_examples_calls, counted_examples_calls() + 1)
+    [7]
+  end
+
+  @doc false
+  def counted_examples_calls, do: Process.get(:counted_examples_calls, 0)
+end