diff --git a/cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt b/cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt
index 1cdffde80c07..5c0a90b17b5b 100644
--- a/cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt
+++ b/cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ ARROW_UTF8PROC_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=6f4f1b639daa6dca9f80bc5db1233e9cbaa31a67790
 # WIL (Windows Implementation Libraries) is required by Azure SDK on Windows for WinHTTP transport
 ARROW_WIL_BUILD_VERSION=v1.0.250325.1
 ARROW_WIL_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=c9e667d5f86ded43d17b5669d243e95ca7b437e3a167c170805ffd4aa8a9a786
-ARROW_XSIMD_BUILD_VERSION=14.2.0
-ARROW_XSIMD_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=21e841ab684b05331e81e7f782431753a029ef7b7d9d6d3ddab837e7782a40ee
+ARROW_XSIMD_BUILD_VERSION=14.3.0
+ARROW_XSIMD_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=b3d50e7a73fbf4642ceef30131c93414901d69eee41c2a5302db650b03e2c792
 ARROW_ZLIB_BUILD_VERSION=1.3.1
 ARROW_ZLIB_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=9a93b2b7dfdac77ceba5a558a580e74667dd6fede4585b91eefb60f03b72df23
 ARROW_ZSTD_BUILD_VERSION=1.5.7