diff --git a/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/IncrementalBlockReportManager.java b/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/IncrementalBlockReportManager.java
index 3b093a7f59013..6faca0e4ff6bc 100644
--- a/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/IncrementalBlockReportManager.java
+++ b/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/IncrementalBlockReportManager.java
@@ -212,11 +212,14 @@ void sendIBRs(DatanodeProtocol namenode, DatanodeRegistration registration,
       namenode.blockReceivedAndDeleted(registration, bpid, reports);
       success = true;
     } finally {
-
+      // Always update lastIBR so the configured ibrInterval is respected
+      // even on failure.  Without this, a failed RPC leaves lastIBR stale and
+      // every subsequent heartbeat immediately retries, creating a feedback
+      // loop that amplifies NameNode contention rather than backing off.
+      lastIBR = startTime;
       if (success) {
         dnMetrics.addIncrementalBlockReport(monotonicNow() - startTime,
             nnRpcLatencySuffix);
-        lastIBR = startTime;
       } else {
         // If we didn't succeed in sending the report, put all of the
         // blocks back onto our queue, but only in the case where we
diff --git a/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/TestIncrementalBlockReports.java b/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/TestIncrementalBlockReports.java
index 5338ac3035e32..dc62e02f62fc9 100644
--- a/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/TestIncrementalBlockReports.java
+++ b/hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/datanode/TestIncrementalBlockReports.java
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.ReceivedDeletedBlockInfo;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.ReceivedDeletedBlockInfo.BlockStatus;
 
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.metrics.DataNodeMetrics;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.DatanodeProtocol;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.StorageReceivedDeletedBlocks;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -525,4 +529,50 @@ public void testIBRRaceCondition3() throws Exception {
       cluster.shutdown();
     }
   }
+
+  /**
+   * HDFS-17780: After a failed blockReceivedAndDeleted RPC, lastIBR must be
+   * updated so the next retry waits for the full ibrInterval.  Without the
+   * fix, lastIBR stays stale and sendImmediately() returns true on every
+   * subsequent heartbeat, creating a retry storm that amplifies NameNode load.
+   */
+  @Test
+  @Timeout(value = 30)
+  public void testFailedIBRRespectsInterval() throws Exception {
+    // Use a large interval (60 s) so we can tell definitively whether the
+    // interval is being respected immediately after a failure.
+    final long ibrIntervalMs = 60_000L;
+
+    DataNodeMetrics mockMetrics = mock(DataNodeMetrics.class);
+    IncrementalBlockReportManager ibrManager =
+        new IncrementalBlockReportManager(ibrIntervalMs, mockMetrics);
+
+    // Add a pending block so generateIBRs() produces a non-empty report.
+    DatanodeStorage storage = new DatanodeStorage("test-storage-uuid");
+    ReceivedDeletedBlockInfo rdbi = new ReceivedDeletedBlockInfo(
+        getDummyBlock(), BlockStatus.RECEIVED_BLOCK, null);
+    ibrManager.notifyNamenodeBlock(rdbi, storage, false);
+
+    // Mock a NameNode whose blockReceivedAndDeleted always throws.
+    DatanodeProtocol mockNn = mock(DatanodeProtocol.class);
+    doThrow(new IOException("Simulated NN RPC failure"))
+        .when(mockNn).blockReceivedAndDeleted(
+            any(DatanodeRegistration.class),
+            anyString(),
+            any(StorageReceivedDeletedBlocks[].class));
+
+    DatanodeRegistration mockReg = mock(DatanodeRegistration.class);
+    try {
+      ibrManager.sendIBRs(mockNn, mockReg, "BP-test", "");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected — the RPC failed.
+    }
+
+    // With the fix, lastIBR is updated to the time of the failed attempt.
+    // Since ibrInterval is 60 s and almost no time has elapsed, the manager
+    // must NOT be ready to send again immediately.
+    assertFalse(ibrManager.sendImmediately(),
+        "After a failed IBR, sendImmediately() must return false so that " +
+        "the retry respects the configured ibrInterval (HDFS-17780).");
+  }
 }