diff --git a/apps/desktop/renderer-architecture.json b/apps/desktop/renderer-architecture.json
index c4724663db..63f010a277 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/renderer-architecture.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/renderer-architecture.json
@@ -62,12 +62,14 @@
     "src/renderer/live-turn-reconciler.tsx",
     "src/renderer/live-turn-snapshot.ts",
     "src/renderer/local-memory-digest.ts",
+    "src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/artifact-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/browser-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/conversation-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/external-session-import-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/mcp-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/onboarding-copy.ts",
+    "src/renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/permission-center-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/plan-mode-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/session-collaboration-copy.ts",
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@
     "src/renderer/locales/settings-web-search-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/shell-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/locales/shell-remaining-copy.ts",
+    "src/renderer/locales/task-readiness-copy.ts",
     "src/renderer/main.tsx",
     "src/renderer/mcp-brand-contrast.ts",
     "src/renderer/mcp-brand-marks.tsx",
@@ -1067,6 +1070,7 @@
         "dependencyPaths": {
           "./agent-graph-panel-visibility.js": 1,
           "./agent-graph-refresh.js": 1,
+          "./locales/agent-graph-copy.js": 1,
           "@astryxdesign/core/Banner": 1,
           "@astryxdesign/core/Button": 1,
           "@astryxdesign/core/EmptyState": 1,
@@ -1532,6 +1536,15 @@
         "actionFactories": [],
         "dependencyPaths": {}
       },
+      "src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts": {
+        "bridgePaths": {},
+        "environmentCapabilities": {},
+        "hookCalls": {},
+        "lifecycleMethods": {},
+        "unresolvedDependencies": 0,
+        "actionFactories": [],
+        "dependencyPaths": {}
+      },
       "src/renderer/locales/artifact-copy.ts": {
         "bridgePaths": {},
         "environmentCapabilities": {},
@@ -1586,6 +1599,15 @@
         "actionFactories": [],
         "dependencyPaths": {}
       },
+      "src/renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.ts": {
+        "bridgePaths": {},
+        "environmentCapabilities": {},
+        "hookCalls": {},
+        "lifecycleMethods": {},
+        "unresolvedDependencies": 0,
+        "actionFactories": [],
+        "dependencyPaths": {}
+      },
       "src/renderer/locales/permission-center-copy.ts": {
         "bridgePaths": {},
         "environmentCapabilities": {},
@@ -1759,6 +1781,15 @@
         "actionFactories": [],
         "dependencyPaths": {}
       },
+      "src/renderer/locales/task-readiness-copy.ts": {
+        "bridgePaths": {},
+        "environmentCapabilities": {},
+        "hookCalls": {},
+        "lifecycleMethods": {},
+        "unresolvedDependencies": 0,
+        "actionFactories": [],
+        "dependencyPaths": {}
+      },
       "src/renderer/mcp-brand-contrast.ts": {
         "bridgePaths": {},
         "environmentCapabilities": {},
@@ -3360,6 +3391,7 @@
         "dependencyPaths": {
           "../features/runtime-host-management": 1,
           "../features/session-collaboration": 1,
+          "../locales/peer-mesh-copy.js": 1,
           "../locales/session-collaboration-copy.js": 1,
           "../locales/settings-projects-copy.js": 1,
           "./password-input.js": 1,
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/agent-graph-panel-copy.test.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/agent-graph-panel-copy.test.ts
index 0ef254444c..16d5369040 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/agent-graph-panel-copy.test.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/agent-graph-panel-copy.test.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { test } from 'node:test';
-import { getAgentGraphPanelCopy } from '../../renderer/agent-graph-panel.js';
+import { getAgentGraphPanelCopy } from '../../renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.js';
 
 test('Traditional Chinese Agent Graph copy does not use Simplified fallbacks', () => {
   const copy = getAgentGraphPanelCopy('zh-TW');
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/connection-settings-locale-render.test.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/connection-settings-locale-render.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c0da75522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/connection-settings-locale-render.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { after, afterEach, before, test } from 'node:test';
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
+import { build } from 'esbuild';
+import { parseHTML } from 'linkedom';
+import { act, createElement, type ComponentType, type ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { createRoot, type Root } from 'react-dom/client';
+import { AstryxLocaleProvider, LocaleProvider, ToastProvider } from '@maka/ui';
+import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+import type { ProviderType } from '@maka/core/llm-connections';
+import type { PeerMeshQueryResult } from '@maka/runtime-host/protocol';
+import type { RuntimeHostPeerConnectionPath } from '@maka/runtime-host/client';
+import type { DesktopRuntimeHostProfileSnapshot } from '../../preload/bridge-contract.js';
+import type { ConnectionsBridge } from '../../renderer/features/connection-settings/index.js';
+import type { RuntimeHostManagementServices } from '../../renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.js';
+
+// Keep renderer implementations and their asset imports out of the main compilation graph.
+interface RenderModules {
+  AddProviderForm: ComponentType<{
+    bridge: ConnectionsBridge;
+    providerType: ProviderType;
+    existingSlugs: string[];
+    onCancel(): void;
+    onCreated(slug: string, modelDiscoveryError?: unknown): Promise<void>;
+  }>;
+  RuntimeHostProfilesSection: ComponentType<{
+    onRemoteHostAdded(profileId: string): void;
+  }>;
+  RuntimeHostManagementServicesProvider: ComponentType<{
+    services: RuntimeHostManagementServices;
+    children?: ReactNode;
+  }>;
+  RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog: ComponentType<{
+    target: Parameters<RuntimeHostManagementServices['peerMesh']['execute']>[0];
+    targetName: string;
+    onClose(): void;
+  }>;
+}
+
+let components: RenderModules;
+let bundleDirectory: string;
+let mountedRoot: Root | undefined;
+const originalGlobals = {
+  document: globalThis.document,
+  window: globalThis.window,
+  HTMLElement: globalThis.HTMLElement,
+  HTMLIFrameElement: globalThis.HTMLIFrameElement,
+  Node: globalThis.Node,
+  Event: globalThis.Event,
+  CSS: globalThis.CSS,
+  matchMedia: globalThis.matchMedia,
+  getComputedStyle: globalThis.getComputedStyle,
+  requestAnimationFrame: globalThis.requestAnimationFrame,
+  cancelAnimationFrame: globalThis.cancelAnimationFrame,
+  IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT: (globalThis as { IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean })
+    .IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT,
+};
+
+before(async () => {
+  const repoRoot = resolve(import.meta.dirname, '../../../../..');
+  bundleDirectory = await mkdtemp(resolve(repoRoot, 'apps/desktop/dist/main/__tests__/connection-locale-'));
+  const outfile = resolve(bundleDirectory, 'components.mjs');
+  // Like password-input.test.ts, bundle extensionless renderer imports without replacing components.
+  await build({
+    stdin: {
+      contents: [
+        "export { AddProviderForm } from './settings/provider-add-form';",
+        "export { RuntimeHostProfilesSection } from './settings/runtime-host-profiles-section';",
+        "export { RuntimeHostManagementServicesProvider, RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog } from './features/runtime-host-management/index';",
+      ].join('\n'),
+      resolveDir: resolve(repoRoot, 'apps/desktop/src/renderer'),
+    },
+    outfile,
+    bundle: true,
+    packages: 'external',
+    loader: { '.svg': 'dataurl' },
+    platform: 'node',
+    format: 'esm',
+    jsx: 'automatic',
+    target: 'node20',
+    logLevel: 'silent',
+  });
+  components = await import(pathToFileURL(outfile).href) as RenderModules;
+});
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  try {
+    if (mountedRoot) await act(() => mountedRoot?.unmount());
+  } finally {
+    mountedRoot = undefined;
+    Object.assign(globalThis, originalGlobals);
+  }
+});
+
+after(async () => {
+  if (bundleDirectory) await rm(bundleDirectory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+const localeCases = [
+  {
+    locale: 'zh-CN', direct: '直连', transit: '成员转发', save: '保存供应商',
+    slugErrors: {
+      required: '请填写连接标识',
+      format: '连接标识只能包含小写字母、数字和连字符',
+      too_long: '连接标识不能超过 64 个字符',
+      duplicate: '连接标识已存在',
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    locale: 'zh-TW', direct: '直接連線', transit: '成員轉送', save: '儲存供應商',
+    slugErrors: {
+      required: '請填寫連線標識',
+      format: '連線標識只能包含小寫字母、數字和連字號',
+      too_long: '連線標識不能超過 64 個字元',
+      duplicate: '連線標識已存在',
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    locale: 'en', direct: 'Direct', transit: 'Member transit', save: 'Save provider',
+    slugErrors: {
+      required: 'Enter a connection identifier',
+      format: 'Connection identifiers use lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens',
+      too_long: 'Connection identifiers are at most 64 characters',
+      duplicate: 'Connection identifier already exists',
+    },
+  },
+] as const;
+
+for (const copy of localeCases) {
+  test(`${copy.locale}: peer path badges describe the route, while tooltips retain the protocol`, async () => {
+    const harness = installRenderer();
+    const paths: RuntimeHostPeerConnectionPath[] = [
+      { kind: 'direct', transport: 'webrtc' },
+      { kind: 'direct', transport: 'quic' },
+      { kind: 'direct', transport: 'tcp' },
+      { kind: 'transit', relayPeerId: 'relay-peer' },
+    ];
+    const snapshot: DesktopRuntimeHostProfileSnapshot = {
+      defaultProfileId: 'local',
+      entries: [{
+        profile: { kind: 'local', id: 'local', name: 'Local' },
+        enabled: true, isDefault: true, readiness: 'ready',
+      }, ...paths.map<DesktopRuntimeHostProfileSnapshot['entries'][number]>((peerPath, index) => ({
+        profile: {
+          kind: 'remote', id: `remote-${index}`, name: `Remote ${index}`, rootId: 'root',
+          transport: {
+            kind: 'libp2p-direct',
+            reachability: {
+              lease: {
+                version: 1, peerId: `peer-${index}`, revision: 1,
+                issuedAt: 1, expiresAt: 300001, directRoutes: [], coordinationRoutes: [],
+              },
+              publicKey: 'test-public-key', signature: 'test-signature',
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        enabled: true, isDefault: false, readiness: 'ready', peerPath,
+      }))],
+    };
+    Object.assign(window, {
+      maka: {
+        runtimeHostProfiles: {
+          getSnapshot: async () => snapshot,
+          subscribeChanges: () => () => {},
+        },
+        localRuntimeHostRemoteAccess: { getSnapshot: async () => ({ state: 'off' }) },
+        runtimeHostManagement: { subscribeProgress: () => () => {} },
+      },
+    });
+    await harness.render(copy.locale, createElement(components.RuntimeHostProfilesSection, {
+      onRemoteHostAdded: unexpectedCall,
+    }));
+
+    const details = [
+      `${copy.direct} · WebRTC`, `${copy.direct} · QUIC`, `${copy.direct} · TCP`,
+      `${copy.transit} · relay-peer`,
+    ];
+    for (const [index, detail] of details.entries()) {
+      const row = [...harness.document.querySelectorAll('li')].find(
+        (element) => element.textContent.includes(`Remote ${index}`),
+      );
+      assert.ok(row, `missing Remote ${index}`);
+      const trigger = [...row.querySelectorAll('span[aria-describedby]')].find(
+        (element) => describedElements(element).some(
+          (description) => description.getAttribute('role') === 'tooltip' && description.textContent === detail,
+        ),
+      );
+      assert.ok(trigger, `missing rendered tooltip: ${detail}`);
+      assert.equal(trigger.textContent, index === 3 ? copy.transit : copy.direct);
+    }
+  });
+
+  for (const [reason, slug] of Object.entries({
+    required: '', format: 'Not A Slug', too_long: 'a'.repeat(65), duplicate: 'taken',
+  })) {
+    test(`${copy.locale}: AddProviderForm renders the ${reason} slug error`, async () => {
+      const harness = installRenderer();
+      const calls: string[] = [];
+      const bridge = {
+        create: async () => { calls.push('create'); throw new Error('unexpected create'); },
+        fetchModels: async () => { calls.push('fetchModels'); throw new Error('unexpected discovery'); },
+      } as unknown as ConnectionsBridge;
+      await harness.render(copy.locale, createElement(components.AddProviderForm, {
+        bridge, providerType: 'openai-compatible', existingSlugs: ['taken'],
+        onCancel: unexpectedCall, onCreated: unexpectedCall,
+      }));
+      const input = harness.document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('input[placeholder="my-provider"]');
+      assert.ok(input, 'missing connection identifier input');
+      await act(async () => {
+        input.value = slug;
+        const key = Object.keys(input).find((candidate) => candidate.startsWith('__reactProps$'));
+        assert.ok(key, 'missing React input props');
+        const props = (input as unknown as Record<string, unknown>)[key] as {
+          onChange(event: { target: HTMLInputElement; defaultPrevented: boolean }): void;
+        };
+        props.onChange({ target: input, defaultPrevented: false });
+      });
+      const submit = [...harness.document.querySelectorAll('button')].find(
+        (button) => button.textContent === copy.save,
+      );
+      assert.ok(submit, 'missing save button');
+      await act(async () => submit.click());
+
+      assert.equal(input.getAttribute('aria-invalid'), 'true');
+      assert.deepEqual(describedElements(input).map((element) => element.textContent), [
+        copy.slugErrors[reason as keyof typeof copy.slugErrors],
+      ]);
+      assert.deepEqual(calls, [], 'invalid identifiers must not reach the provider bridge');
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+test('zh-TW: expanded Peer Mesh members render localized route states', async () => {
+  const harness = installRenderer();
+  const states = ['local', 'connecting', 'reachable', 'reconnecting', 'needs_repair'] as const;
+  const snapshot: PeerMeshQueryResult = {
+    available: true, localPeerId: 'peer-local',
+    meshes: [{
+      meshId: 'mesh-1', displayName: 'Test Mesh', role: 'authority',
+      authorityPeerId: 'peer-local', revision: 1, closed: false, pendingInvitationCount: 0,
+      members: states.map((state) => ({ peerId: `peer-${state}`, state, endpointKind: 'host' })),
+    }],
+  };
+  const services = managementServices();
+  services.peerMesh.execute = async (_target, action) => {
+    assert.equal(action, 'status');
+    return snapshot;
+  };
+  await harness.render('zh-TW', createElement(components.RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog, {
+    target: { kind: 'local_host' }, targetName: 'Local Host', onClose: unexpectedCall,
+  }), services);
+  const disclosure = harness.document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('.settingsPeerMeshCardDisclosure');
+  assert.ok(disclosure, 'missing mesh disclosure');
+  await act(async () => disclosure.click());
+
+  const expected = [
+    '本機 Runtime Host · 管理者', '正在連線', '可連線', '正在恢復連線', '需要新邀請碼修復',
+  ];
+  const members = [...harness.document.querySelectorAll('.settingsPeerMeshMember')];
+  assert.equal(members.length, states.length);
+  for (const [index, member] of members.entries()) {
+    const heading = member.querySelector('.settingsPeerMeshMemberHeading');
+    assert.ok(heading);
+    assert.equal(heading.nextElementSibling?.textContent, expected[index], states[index]);
+  }
+});
+
+function unexpectedCall(): never {
+  assert.fail('unexpected service call');
+}
+
+function managementServices(): RuntimeHostManagementServices {
+  return {
+    supportsWsl: false,
+    profilePairing: { retry: unexpectedCall, discard: unexpectedCall },
+    connectionCodes: {
+      create: unexpectedCall, importCode: unexpectedCall,
+      readClipboardText: unexpectedCall, writeClipboardText: unexpectedCall,
+    },
+    resources: { query: unexpectedCall, schedule: unexpectedCall },
+    peerMesh: {
+      execute: unexpectedCall, cancel: unexpectedCall,
+      getConnectivityPolicy: unexpectedCall, setConnectivityPolicy: unexpectedCall,
+      getDirectPeer: unexpectedCall, configureDirectPeer: unexpectedCall, copyText: unexpectedCall,
+      createOperationId: () => 'status-operation', schedule: () => () => {},
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function describedElements(element: Element): Element[] {
+  return (element.getAttribute('aria-describedby') ?? '').split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).map((id) => {
+    const description = element.ownerDocument.getElementById(id);
+    assert.ok(description, `missing description: ${id}`);
+    return description;
+  });
+}
+
+function installRenderer() {
+  const { document, window } = parseHTML('<html><body><div id="root"></div></body></html>');
+  const matchMedia = (media: string) => ({
+    matches: false, media, onchange: null,
+    addListener() {}, removeListener() {}, addEventListener() {}, removeEventListener() {},
+    dispatchEvent: () => false,
+  });
+  const getComputedStyle = () => ({
+    direction: 'ltr', writingMode: 'horizontal-tb', getPropertyValue: () => '',
+  }) as unknown as CSSStyleDeclaration;
+  Object.assign(window, { matchMedia, getComputedStyle, scrollTo() {} });
+  Object.assign(window.HTMLElement.prototype, {
+    showModal(this: HTMLElement) { this.setAttribute('open', ''); },
+    close(this: HTMLElement) { this.removeAttribute('open'); },
+  });
+  Object.assign(globalThis, {
+    document, window, matchMedia, getComputedStyle,
+    HTMLElement: window.HTMLElement,
+    HTMLIFrameElement: window.HTMLIFrameElement ?? class HTMLIFrameElement {},
+    Event: window.Event, Node: window.Node, CSS: { escape: (value: string) => value },
+    requestAnimationFrame: () => 0, cancelAnimationFrame: () => {},
+    IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT: true,
+  });
+  const container = document.getElementById('root');
+  assert.ok(container);
+  const root = createRoot(container);
+  mountedRoot = root;
+  return {
+    document,
+    async render(locale: UiLocale, children: ReactNode, services = managementServices()) {
+      await act(async () => root.render(createElement(LocaleProvider, {
+        locale,
+        children: createElement(AstryxLocaleProvider, {
+          children: createElement(ToastProvider, {
+            children: createElement(components.RuntimeHostManagementServicesProvider, { services, children }),
+          }),
+        }),
+      })));
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/provider-add-submission.test.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/provider-add-submission.test.ts
index 6e5432cc48..b9bd3fbbd3 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/provider-add-submission.test.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/provider-add-submission.test.ts
@@ -221,6 +221,18 @@ test('a create failure propagates instead of being reported as a discovery probl
   );
 });
 
+test('the field gate preserves stable slug validation issues', () => {
+  for (const [slug, detail] of [
+    ['', 'required'],
+    ['Not A Slug', 'format'],
+    ['a'.repeat(65), 'too_long'],
+  ]) {
+    assert.deepEqual(validateAddProviderDraft(draft({ slug })), {
+      field: 'slug', reason: 'invalid', detail,
+    });
+  }
+});
+
 test('the field gate still reports the rules that survived', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(validateAddProviderDraft(draft({ slug: 'Not A Slug' }))?.field, 'slug');
   assert.deepEqual(validateAddProviderDraft(draft({ existingSlugs: ['house-relay'] })), {
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/traditional-chinese-peer-mesh-copy.test.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/traditional-chinese-peer-mesh-copy.test.ts
index ca0261e1d1..ed1102fd2c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/traditional-chinese-peer-mesh-copy.test.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/__tests__/traditional-chinese-peer-mesh-copy.test.ts
@@ -19,24 +19,36 @@
 
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { test } from 'node:test';
-import { getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy } from '../../renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.js';
+import { getPeerMeshCopy } from '../../renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.js';
+import { getSettingsProjectsCopy } from '../../renderer/locales/settings-projects-copy.js';
 import { getDesktopConversationCopy } from '../../renderer/locales/conversation-copy.js';
 import { getProviderSettingsCopy } from '../../renderer/features/connection-settings/index.js';
 import { settingsTestResultMessage } from '../../renderer/locales/settings-test-result-copy.js';
 
 test('Traditional Chinese Peer Mesh copy does not use the Simplified Chinese branch', () => {
-  const copy = getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy('zh-TW');
+  const copy = getPeerMeshCopy('zh-TW');
+  const runtimeHost = getSettingsProjectsCopy('zh-TW').runtimeHost;
 
   assert.equal(copy.experimental, '實驗性');
   assert.equal(copy.invalidResult, 'Peer Mesh 回傳了無效結果');
   assert.equal(copy.copyPeerId('peer-1'), '複製完整 Peer ID：peer-1');
-  assert.equal(copy.peerIdCopyFailed, '無法複製 Peer ID');
-  assert.equal(copy.peerPathDirect, '直接連線');
-  assert.equal(copy.peerPathTransit, '成員轉送');
-  assert.equal(copy.peerPathOther, '其他');
+  assert.equal(runtimeHost.peerIdCopyFailed, '無法複製 Peer ID');
+  assert.equal(runtimeHost.peerPathDirect, '直接連線');
+  assert.equal(runtimeHost.peerPathTransit, '成員轉送');
+  assert.equal(runtimeHost.peerPathTransportOther, '其他');
   assert.equal(copy.joinHint, '貼上另一個 Peer 產生的一次性邀請碼。');
 });
 
+test('Traditional Chinese Peer Mesh route states use exact localized labels', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(getPeerMeshCopy('zh-TW').routeState, {
+    local: '本機',
+    connecting: '正在連線',
+    reachable: '可連線',
+    reconnecting: '正在恢復連線',
+    needs_repair: '需要新邀請碼修復',
+  });
+});
+
 test('Traditional Chinese connection copy uses 回傳, 回應, and 發送', () => {
   const conversation = getDesktopConversationCopy('zh-TW');
   assert.equal(conversation.quoteCompanion.errors.respondFailed, '回應失敗，請稍後重試。');
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/notifications-policy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/notifications-policy.ts
index 8795aa00d9..32da6335e4 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/notifications-policy.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/notifications-policy.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  * under the License.
  */
 
-import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
 
 /**
  * Pure decision + copy helpers for desktop run-completion notifications.
@@ -77,24 +77,26 @@ export interface RunNotificationCopy {
  * could not supply a session name / reply preview (e.g. an untitled
  * session or a tool-only turn with no assistant text).
  */
+const RUN_NOTIFICATION_COPY = {
+  'zh-CN': {
+    errored: { title: '任务出错', body: '本轮回答未能完成，点击查看详情。' },
+    completed: { title: '回答已生成', body: 'Maka 已完成本轮回答，点击查看。' },
+  },
+  'zh-TW': {
+    errored: { title: '任務發生錯誤', body: '本次回答未能完成，按一下以檢視詳細資料。' },
+    completed: { title: '回答已產生', body: 'Maka 已完成本次回答，按一下以檢視。' },
+  },
+  en: {
+    errored: { title: 'Conversation error', body: 'This response did not finish. Click to view details.' },
+    completed: { title: 'Response ready', body: 'Maka finished this response. Click to view it.' },
+  },
+} satisfies UiCatalog<Record<RunNotificationKind, RunNotificationCopy>>;
+
 export function runNotificationCopy(
   kind: RunNotificationKind,
   locale: UiLocale,
 ): RunNotificationCopy {
-  if (locale === 'en') {
-    return kind === 'errored'
-      ? { title: 'Conversation error', body: 'This response did not finish. Click to view details.' }
-      : { title: 'Response ready', body: 'Maka finished this response. Click to view it.' };
-  }
-  if (locale === 'zh-TW') {
-    return kind === 'errored'
-      ? { title: '任務發生錯誤', body: '本次回答未能完成，按一下以檢視詳細資料。' }
-      : { title: '回答已產生', body: 'Maka 已完成本次回答，按一下以檢視。' };
-  }
-  if (kind === 'errored') {
-    return { title: '任务出错', body: '本轮回答未能完成，点击查看详情。' };
-  }
-  return { title: '回答已生成', body: 'Maka 已完成本轮回答，点击查看。' };
+  return RUN_NOTIFICATION_COPY[locale][kind];
 }
 
 /** Renderer-supplied content for a finished turn. Both fields are
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/agent-graph-panel.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/agent-graph-panel.tsx
index d2eb5c7d74..7858b401d7 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/agent-graph-panel.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/agent-graph-panel.tsx
@@ -19,10 +19,7 @@
 
 import { useEffect, useId, useMemo, useRef, useState, type JSX } from 'react';
 import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
-import type {
-  AgentGraphClientOperator,
-  AgentGraphClientSnapshot,
-} from '@maka/runtime/stream-graph-read-model';
+import type { AgentGraphClientSnapshot } from '@maka/runtime/stream-graph-read-model';
 import type { AgentGraphEpochDirectory } from '@maka/runtime-host/client';
 import type { AgentGraphEpochSummary } from '@maka/runtime-host/protocol';
 import { IconButton, Selector, type SelectorOptionType } from '@maka/ui';
@@ -43,6 +40,7 @@ import {
   createAgentGraphRefreshScheduler,
   type AgentGraphRefreshScheduler,
 } from './agent-graph-refresh.js';
+import { getAgentGraphPanelCopy } from './locales/agent-graph-copy.js';
 
 const noopAgentGraphRefreshScheduler: AgentGraphRefreshScheduler = {
   requestRefresh() {},
@@ -51,177 +49,6 @@ const noopAgentGraphRefreshScheduler: AgentGraphRefreshScheduler = {
   dispose() {},
 };
 
-type GraphPanelCopy = {
-  title: string;
-  loading: string;
-  retry: string;
-  collapse: string;
-  expand: string;
-  dismiss: string;
-  stop: string;
-  stopping: string;
-  stopFailed: string;
-  loadFailed: string;
-  openSession: string;
-  operators: string;
-  selectedResults: string;
-  epoch: string;
-  currentEpoch: string;
-  historicalEpoch: string;
-  cappedEpochs(count: number): string;
-  noOperators: string;
-  hiddenOperators(count: number): string;
-  progress(settled: number, total: number, hasOmitted: boolean): string;
-  status(status: AgentGraphClientSnapshot['status']): string;
-  operatorStatus(status: AgentGraphClientOperator['status']): string;
-  wait(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined;
-};
-
-export function getAgentGraphPanelCopy(locale: UiLocale): GraphPanelCopy {
-  if (locale === 'zh-CN') {
-    return {
-      title: 'Agent Graph',
-      loading: '正在读取 Graph 状态…',
-      retry: '重试',
-      collapse: '收起 Agent Graph',
-      expand: '展开 Agent Graph',
-      dismiss: '关闭 Agent Graph',
-      stop: '停止 Graph',
-      stopping: '停止中…',
-      stopFailed: '停止 Graph 失败，请重试。',
-      loadFailed: 'Graph 状态刷新失败。',
-      openSession: '打开子任务',
-      operators: 'Operators',
-      selectedResults: '已选择结果',
-      epoch: 'Graph 运行轮次',
-      currentEpoch: '当前',
-      historicalEpoch: '历史记录（只读）',
-      cappedEpochs: (count) => `仅显示最近 ${count} 次运行`,
-      noOperators: '等待主 Agent 创建 operator…',
-      hiddenOperators: (count) => `另有 ${count} 个 operator`,
-      progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
-        hasOmitted ? `可见 ${settled}/${total} 已结束` : `${settled}/${total} 已结束`,
-      status: (status) =>
-        ({
-          empty: '等待调度',
-          active: '运行中',
-          closing: '收尾中',
-          waiting: '等待中',
-          stopped: '已停止',
-          failed: '失败',
-          completed: '已完成',
-        })[status],
-      operatorStatus: (status) =>
-        ({
-          not_started: '未启动',
-          waiting: '等待',
-          runnable: '可运行',
-          running: '运行中',
-          blocked: '受阻',
-          completed: '完成',
-          failed: '失败',
-          aborted: '中止',
-          cancelled: '取消',
-        })[status],
-      wait: waitReasonZh,
-    };
-  }
-  if (locale === 'zh-TW') {
-    return {
-      title: 'Agent Graph',
-      loading: '正在讀取 Graph 狀態…',
-      retry: '重試',
-      collapse: '收起 Agent Graph',
-      expand: '展開 Agent Graph',
-      dismiss: '關閉 Agent Graph',
-      stop: '停止 Graph',
-      stopping: '停止中…',
-      stopFailed: '停止 Graph 失敗，請重試。',
-      loadFailed: 'Graph 狀態重新整理失敗。',
-      openSession: '開啟子任務',
-      operators: 'Operators',
-      selectedResults: '已選取結果',
-      epoch: 'Graph 執行輪次',
-      currentEpoch: '目前',
-      historicalEpoch: '歷史記錄（唯讀）',
-      cappedEpochs: (count) => `僅顯示最近 ${count} 次執行`,
-      noOperators: '等待主 Agent 建立 operator…',
-      hiddenOperators: (count) => `另有 ${count} 個 operator`,
-      progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
-        hasOmitted ? `可見項目中 ${settled}/${total} 已結束` : `${settled}/${total} 已結束`,
-      status: (status) =>
-        ({
-          empty: '等待排程',
-          active: '執行中',
-          closing: '收尾中',
-          waiting: '等待中',
-          stopped: '已停止',
-          failed: '失敗',
-          completed: '已完成',
-        })[status],
-      operatorStatus: (status) =>
-        ({
-          not_started: '尚未啟動',
-          waiting: '等待',
-          runnable: '可執行',
-          running: '執行中',
-          blocked: '受阻',
-          completed: '完成',
-          failed: '失敗',
-          aborted: '已中止',
-          cancelled: '已取消',
-        })[status],
-      wait: waitReasonZhTw,
-    };
-  }
-  return {
-    title: 'Agent Graph',
-    loading: 'Loading graph state…',
-    retry: 'Retry',
-    collapse: 'Collapse Agent Graph',
-    expand: 'Expand Agent Graph',
-    dismiss: 'Dismiss Agent Graph',
-    stop: 'Stop graph',
-    stopping: 'Stopping…',
-    stopFailed: 'Could not stop the graph. Try again.',
-    loadFailed: 'Could not refresh graph state.',
-    openSession: 'Open child task',
-    operators: 'Operators',
-    selectedResults: 'Selected results',
-    epoch: 'Graph run',
-    currentEpoch: 'Current',
-    historicalEpoch: 'History (read-only)',
-    cappedEpochs: (count) => `Showing the newest ${count} runs`,
-    noOperators: 'Waiting for the main agent to create an operator…',
-    hiddenOperators: (count) => `${count} more operator${count === 1 ? '' : 's'}`,
-    progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
-      hasOmitted ? `${settled}/${total} visible settled` : `${settled}/${total} settled`,
-    status: (status) =>
-      ({
-        empty: 'Awaiting schedule',
-        active: 'Running',
-        closing: 'Finishing',
-        waiting: 'Waiting',
-        stopped: 'Stopped',
-        failed: 'Failed',
-        completed: 'Completed',
-      })[status],
-    operatorStatus: (status) =>
-      ({
-        not_started: 'Not started',
-        waiting: 'Waiting',
-        runnable: 'Runnable',
-        running: 'Running',
-        blocked: 'Blocked',
-        completed: 'Completed',
-        failed: 'Failed',
-        aborted: 'Aborted',
-        cancelled: 'Cancelled',
-      })[status],
-    wait: waitReasonEn,
-  };
-}
-
 export function AgentGraphPanel(props: {
   rootSessionId: string;
   enabled: boolean;
@@ -599,43 +426,3 @@ function sameEpochPage(
     );
   });
 }
-
-function firstWait(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator) {
-  return operator.readiness.find((readiness) => readiness.status === 'waiting')?.waitingFor[0];
-}
-
-function waitReasonEn(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
-  const wait = firstWait(operator);
-  if (!wait) return undefined;
-  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
-    return `Waiting for input from ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join(', ')}`;
-  }
-  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
-    return `Waiting for ${wait.operatorId} activation`;
-  }
-  return `Waiting for ${wait.operatorId} to settle`;
-}
-
-function waitReasonZh(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
-  const wait = firstWait(operator);
-  if (!wait) return undefined;
-  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
-    return `等待 ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join('、')} 的输入`;
-  }
-  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
-    return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} activation`;
-  }
-  return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 结束`;
-}
-
-function waitReasonZhTw(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
-  const wait = firstWait(operator);
-  if (!wait) return undefined;
-  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
-    return `等待 ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join('、')} 的輸入`;
-  }
-  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
-    return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 啟用`;
-  }
-  return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 結束`;
-}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/connection-settings/settings-provider-copy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/connection-settings/settings-provider-copy.ts
index 2eea3f9b7b..d219524aa2 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/connection-settings/settings-provider-copy.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/connection-settings/settings-provider-copy.ts
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ const zhCopy = {
     cardAria: (name: string, description: string) => `添加模型供应商：${name}，${description}`,
   },
   add: {
-    invalidSlug: '连接标识格式不正确', duplicateSlug: '连接标识已存在', cloudflareAccount: '请填写 Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: '这个供应商需要填写服务地址',
+    slugIssues: { required: '请填写连接标识', format: '连接标识只能包含小写字母、数字和连字符', too_long: '连接标识不能超过 64 个字符' }, duplicateSlug: '连接标识已存在', cloudflareAccount: '请填写 Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: '这个供应商需要填写服务地址',
     accountLogin: '请到账号连接完成登录；登录成功后会自动创建模型连接。',
     apiKeyPlaceholder: '输入或粘贴 API Key', cancel: '取消', accountTitle: '使用账号连接登录',
     advancedRequest: '高级请求设置', expandAdvancedRequest: '展开高级请求设置', collapseAdvancedRequest: '收起高级请求设置',
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ const zhTwCopy = {
     cardAria: (name: string, description: string) => `新增模型供應商：${name}，${description}`,
   },
   add: {
-    invalidSlug: '連線標識格式不正確', duplicateSlug: '連線標識已存在', cloudflareAccount: '請填寫 Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: '這個供應商需要填寫服務地址',
+    slugIssues: { required: '請填寫連線標識', format: '連線標識只能包含小寫字母、數字和連字號', too_long: '連線標識不能超過 64 個字元' }, duplicateSlug: '連線標識已存在', cloudflareAccount: '請填寫 Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: '這個供應商需要填寫服務地址',
     accountLogin: '請到帳號連線完成登入；登入成功後會自動建立模型連線。',
     apiKeyPlaceholder: '輸入或貼上 API Key', cancel: '取消', accountTitle: '使用帳號連線登入',
     advancedRequest: '高階請求設定', expandAdvancedRequest: '展開高階請求設定', collapseAdvancedRequest: '收起高階請求設定',
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ const enCopy: ProviderSettingsCopy = {
     cardAria: (name: string, description: string) => `Add model provider: ${name}; ${description}`,
   },
   add: {
-    invalidSlug: 'The connection identifier format is invalid', duplicateSlug: 'Connection identifier already exists', cloudflareAccount: 'Enter the Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: 'This provider requires a service URL',
+    slugIssues: { required: 'Enter a connection identifier', format: 'Connection identifiers use lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens', too_long: 'Connection identifiers are at most 64 characters' }, duplicateSlug: 'Connection identifier already exists', cloudflareAccount: 'Enter the Cloudflare Account ID', endpointRequired: 'This provider requires a service URL',
     accountLogin: 'Complete sign-in under account connections. A model connection is created automatically afterward.',
     apiKeyPlaceholder: 'Enter or paste API key', cancel: 'Cancel', accountTitle: 'Sign in with an account connection',
     advancedRequest: 'Advanced request settings', expandAdvancedRequest: 'Show advanced request settings', collapseAdvancedRequest: 'Hide advanced request settings',
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/conversation/model/task-readiness-notice.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/conversation/model/task-readiness-notice.ts
index df90d2a57e..4a27c74ffe 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/conversation/model/task-readiness-notice.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/conversation/model/task-readiness-notice.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import type { SessionSendProjection } from '@maka/core/session-send-projection';
 import type { TaskSubmissionReadinessDimension, TaskSubmissionReadinessSnapshot } from '@maka/core/task-submission-readiness';
 
 import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+import { getTaskReadinessCopy } from '../../../locales/task-readiness-copy.js';
 
 /** Selects the stored model target for the renderer's readiness probe. */
 export function resolveTaskReadinessModelTarget(
@@ -85,57 +86,22 @@ function noticeForBlocker(
   blocker: TaskSubmissionReadinessDimension,
   locale: UiLocale,
 ): TaskReadinessNotice {
+  const copy = getTaskReadinessCopy(locale);
   if (blocker.id === 'runtime') {
-    if (locale === 'zh-CN') {
-      return {
-        tone: 'destructive',
-        title: 'Maka 运行服务暂时不可用。',
-        description: '任务尚未提交。重新检测运行服务后再试。',
-        actionLabel: '重新检测',
-        action: 'retry',
-      };
-    }
-    if (locale === 'zh-TW') {
-      return {
-        tone: 'destructive',
-        title: 'Maka 執行服務暫時無法使用。',
-        description: '任務尚未送出。重新檢查執行服務後再試。',
-        actionLabel: '重新檢查',
-        action: 'retry',
-      };
-    }
     return {
       tone: 'destructive',
-      title: 'The Maka runtime is unavailable.',
-      description: 'The task was not submitted. Check the runtime again before retrying.',
-      actionLabel: 'Check again',
+      title: copy.runtime.title,
+      description: copy.runtime.description,
+      actionLabel: copy.runtime.actionLabel,
       action: 'retry',
     };
   }
   const action = blocker.repairTarget?.kind === 'workspace_picker' ? 'workspace_picker' : 'retry';
-  if (locale === 'zh-CN') {
-    return {
-      tone: 'destructive',
-      title: '当前任务的工作区不可用。',
-      description: '原目录可能已移动、删除或无法访问。请选择可用工作区。',
-      actionLabel: action === 'workspace_picker' ? '选择工作区' : '重新检测',
-      action,
-    };
-  }
-  if (locale === 'zh-TW') {
-    return {
-      tone: 'destructive',
-      title: '目前任務的工作區無法使用。',
-      description: '原始資料夾可能已移動、刪除或無法存取。請選擇可用的工作區。',
-      actionLabel: action === 'workspace_picker' ? '選擇工作區' : '重新檢查',
-      action,
-    };
-  }
   return {
     tone: 'destructive',
-    title: 'This task workspace is unavailable.',
-    description: 'The folder may have moved, been deleted, or become inaccessible. Choose an available workspace.',
-    actionLabel: action === 'workspace_picker' ? 'Choose workspace' : 'Check again',
+    title: copy.workspace.title,
+    description: copy.workspace.description,
+    actionLabel: copy.workspace.actionLabel[action],
     action,
   };
 }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.ts
index 2e7cd2244e..a64ae63f53 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/index.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
  */
 
 export {
-  getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy,
   RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog,
 } from './ui/runtime-host-peer-mesh-dialog.js';
 export { PeerMeshPeerIdButton } from './ui/peer-mesh-peer-id-button.js';
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/ui/runtime-host-peer-mesh-dialog.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/ui/runtime-host-peer-mesh-dialog.tsx
index ecd956369b..30d49263d7 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/ui/runtime-host-peer-mesh-dialog.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/runtime-host-management/ui/runtime-host-peer-mesh-dialog.tsx
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import { Layout, LayoutContent, LayoutFooter } from '@astryxdesign/core/Layout';
 import { HStack } from '@astryxdesign/core/Stack';
 import { Tooltip } from '@astryxdesign/core/Tooltip';
 import type { PeerMeshProjection, PeerMeshQueryResult } from '@maka/runtime-host/protocol';
-import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
 import {
   decodeRuntimeHostWebRtcStunPolicy,
   type RuntimeHostWebRtcStunPolicy,
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ import {
   RefreshCcw,
   Workflow,
 } from '@maka/ui/icons';
+import { getPeerMeshCopy, type PeerMeshCopy } from '../../../locales/peer-mesh-copy.js';
 import { useRuntimeHostManagementServices } from '../services-context.js';
 import {
   PeerMeshOperationOutcomeUnknownError,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export function RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog(props: {
   readonly onClose: () => void;
 }) {
   const locale = useUiLocale();
-  const copy = getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy(locale);
+  const copy = getPeerMeshCopy(locale);
   const toast = useToast();
   const services = useRuntimeHostManagementServices().peerMesh;
   const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<PeerMeshQueryResult>();
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ export function RuntimeHostPeerMeshDialog(props: {
 function PeerMeshAdvancedSettings(props: {
   readonly localPeerId?: string;
   readonly connectivity?: DesktopConnectivityControls;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly onCopyPeerId: (peerId: string) => void;
 }) {
   const { connectivity } = props;
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ function PeerMeshAdvancedSettings(props: {
 
 function Overview(props: {
   readonly snapshot: PeerMeshQueryResult | undefined;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly working: boolean;
   readonly localPeerLabel: string;
   readonly onInvite: (meshId: string) => void;
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ function Overview(props: {
 function UnavailableEndpoint(props: {
   readonly setup: ManagedHostPeerSetup;
   readonly working: boolean;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly onEnable: () => void;
   readonly onInspect?: () => void;
   readonly onRefresh: () => void;
@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ function UnavailableEndpoint(props: {
 function JoinView(props: {
   readonly value: string;
   readonly working: boolean;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly onChange: (value: string) => void;
 }) {
   return (
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ function JoinView(props: {
 
 function InvitationView(props: {
   readonly invitation: Extract<PeerMeshDialogView, { readonly kind: 'invitation' }>;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
 }) {
   return (
     <div className="settingsPeerMeshFocusedView">
@@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ function InvitationView(props: {
 function MeshCard(props: {
   readonly mesh: PeerMeshProjection;
   readonly transit: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit'];
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly working: boolean;
   readonly onInvite: () => void;
   readonly onRemove: (peerId: string) => void;
@@ -1699,7 +1699,7 @@ function TransitMetric(props: { readonly label: string; readonly value: string }
 
 function PeerIdText(props: {
   readonly peerId: string;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly onCopy: (peerId: string) => void;
 }) {
   return (
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ function PeerIdText(props: {
 
 function MeshIdText(props: {
   readonly meshId: string;
-  readonly copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>;
+  readonly copy: PeerMeshCopy;
   readonly onCopy: (meshId: string) => void;
 }) {
   return (
@@ -1803,507 +1803,3 @@ function fingerprint(meshId: string): string {
 function abbreviate(peerId: string): string {
   return peerId.length <= 22 ? peerId : `${peerId.slice(0, 11)}…${peerId.slice(-7)}`;
 }
-
-export function getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy(locale: UiLocale) {
-  return locale === 'zh-CN'
-    ? {
-        title: 'Peer Mesh',
-        experimental: '实验性',
-        failed: 'Peer Mesh 操作失败',
-        invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh 返回了无效结果',
-        unknownError: 'Peer Mesh 操作失败',
-        outcomeUnknown: 'Host 可能已完成此操作。已刷新当前状态，请确认后再重试。',
-        invitationOutcomeUnknown:
-          'Host 可能已创建邀请码，但代码未能返回且无法恢复。它会自动过期；创建新邀请前请先检查待使用邀请数量。',
-        outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
-          'Host 可能已完成此操作，但当前状态也未能刷新。请恢复连接并刷新后再重试。',
-        unavailable: '当前 endpoint 不支持 Peer Mesh',
-        loading: '正在读取 Mesh 状态…',
-        checkingPeerConnection: '正在检查此 Runtime Host 的 Peer 连接…',
-        peerConnectionDisabled: '此 Runtime Host 尚未开启 Peer 连接',
-        peerConnectionDisabledHint:
-          '开启后，此 Host 才能创建或加入 Mesh；现有 SSH 连接会继续保留。',
-        peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
-          '此 Host 的 Direct peer 连接正在使用中，请先在 Host 列表中将它停用。',
-        enablePeerConnection: '开启 Peer 连接',
-        peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer 连接已开启，Mesh endpoint 正在就绪',
-        peerConnectionStartingHint: '通常只需几秒；也可以立即重新检查。',
-        peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: '此 Runtime Host 版本尚不支持 Peer Mesh 管理',
-        peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: '请先更新此 Host，再回来开启 Peer 连接。',
-        working: {
-          refresh: '正在刷新 Peer Mesh…',
-          create: '正在创建 Mesh…',
-          join: '正在加入 Mesh…',
-          invite: '正在准备邀请…',
-          'add-host': '正在将 Runtime Host 加入 Mesh…',
-          'enable-peer': '正在为 Runtime Host 开启 Peer 连接…',
-          update: '正在更新 Mesh…',
-          rename: '正在保存名称…',
-        },
-        settling: '正在确认最终状态…',
-        endpoint: '管理对象',
-        desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
-        hostEndpoint: '本机 Runtime Host',
-        desktopEndpointHelp: '此 Client 用于连接 Mesh 中的 Runtime Host。',
-        hostEndpointHelp: '此 Host 加入后，其他成员才能连接本机分享的任务。',
-        advancedSettings: '高级设置',
-        technicalDetails: '身份与连接配置',
-        connectivityAutomatic: '自动连接（推荐）',
-        connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: '仅使用已知路径',
-        connectivityCustom: '自定义地址发现',
-        restartRequired: '需要重启',
-        adaptiveConnectivity: '自适应连接',
-        adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
-          'Maka 会自动竞速可用的直连方式，并在获准时使用成员转发；这里不需要选择具体协议。',
-        connectivityPolicyLoading: '正在读取连接策略…',
-        connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: '无法读取连接策略',
-        connectivityPolicySaveFailed: '无法保存连接策略',
-        restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: '恢复默认设置',
-        connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
-          '重启 Maka 后，已保存的连接策略变更会应用到新连接。',
-        publicAddressDiscovery: '公网地址发现',
-        publicStunDefault: '公共 STUN（推荐）',
-        publicStunDisabled: '不使用公共 STUN',
-        publicStunCustom: '自定义 STUN',
-        customStunUrls: 'STUN 地址',
-        customStunUrlsInvalid:
-          '请输入以逗号分隔的 stun:主机[:端口] 地址，最多 8 个。',
-        publicStunDefaultHelp:
-          '使用 Cloudflare 公共 STUN 尽力发现公网映射。它不承载 Maka 流量，但提供方可观察源 IP 和请求时间；Maka 不保证其可用性。',
-        publicStunDisabledHelp:
-          '仅尝试本地地址和其他已知直连路径；跨 NAT 的直连成功率可能降低。',
-        publicStunCustomHelp:
-          '使用逗号分隔的 stun: 地址。STUN 只发现网络地址，不承载 Session 内容。',
-        saveConnectivityPolicy: '保存更改',
-        peerId: 'Peer ID',
-        peerIdHelp: '此 endpoint 在 Mesh 中的技术身份；点击 ID 可复制完整值。',
-        meshId: 'Mesh ID',
-        meshIdHelp: '用于诊断和识别此 Mesh；点击 ID 可复制完整值。',
-        thisRuntimeHost: '本机 Runtime Host',
-        thisDesktop: '本机 Desktop',
-        peerPathDirect: '直连',
-        peerPathTransit: '成员转发',
-        peerPathOther: '其他',
-        displayName: '在 Mesh 中显示的名称',
-        meshDisplayName: 'Mesh 名称',
-        unnamedMesh: '未命名 Mesh',
-        rename: '修改名称',
-        renameMesh: '修改 Mesh 名称',
-        save: '保存',
-        peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID 已复制',
-        peerIdCopyFailed: '无法复制 Peer ID',
-        meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID 已复制',
-        copyPeerId: (value: string) => `复制完整 Peer ID：${value}`,
-        copyMeshId: (value: string) => `复制完整 Mesh ID：${value}`,
-        empty: '建立你的第一个 Mesh',
-        emptyHint: '创建新 Mesh，或通过一次性邀请码加入。',
-        meshes: 'Mesh',
-        mesh: 'Mesh',
-        members: '成员',
-        activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} 个使用中`,
-        showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `显示已关闭（${value}）`,
-        noActiveMeshes: '没有使用中的 Mesh',
-        noActiveMeshesHint: '已关闭的 Mesh 默认隐藏；可通过上方筛选查看。',
-        authority: '管理者',
-        member: '成员',
-        closed: '已关闭',
-        memberCount: (value: number) => `${value} 个成员`,
-        pending: (value: number) => `${value} 个待使用邀请`,
-        transit: '成员转发',
-        transitHelp: '允许此 Mesh 的成员通过本机建立连接；会使用本机带宽。',
-        transitToggle: '为此 Mesh 提供转发',
-        transitStatus: '成员转发状态',
-        transitLimitsLabel: '成员转发限制',
-        transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
-          value
-            ? `固定上限：每个成员 ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} 条连接，每条最长 ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)}，最多 ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}。一次只能为一个 Mesh 开启。`
-            : '成员转发使用固定资源上限，一次只能为一个 Mesh 开启。',
-        allowedMembers: '允许成员',
-        reservations: 'Reservation',
-        circuits: '连接',
-        routeState: {
-          local: '本机',
-          connecting: '正在连接',
-          reachable: '可达',
-          reconnecting: '正在恢复连接',
-          needs_repair: '需要新邀请码修复',
-        },
-        endpointKind: {
-          client: 'Client',
-          host: 'Runtime Host',
-          unknown: '未标识 Peer',
-        },
-        endpointKindHelp: {
-          client: 'Client 是操作界面：它连接 Host、浏览任务并发起操作，本身不持有任务。',
-          host: 'Runtime Host 持有任务和运行状态，并执行经过授权的工作。',
-          unknown: '此 Peer 尚未报告它是 Client 还是 Runtime Host，通常来自旧版本。',
-        },
-        joinTitle: '加入 Mesh',
-        joinHint: '粘贴另一个 Peer 生成的一次性邀请码。',
-        joinCode: '邀请码',
-        join: '加入',
-        joinMesh: '加入 Mesh',
-        invite: '邀请成员',
-        invitationTitle: '邀请成员',
-        invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
-        invitationWarning: '该代码只能使用一次；获得代码的人可以让一个 peer 加入此 Mesh。',
-        invitationDirectOnly:
-          '尚未连接到协调节点。此邀请码只包含直接地址，跨 NAT 时可能无法连接。',
-        invitationExpires: (value: string) => `有效期至 ${value}`,
-        invitationCopied: '邀请码已复制',
-        copyInvitation: '复制邀请码',
-        create: '创建 Mesh',
-        refresh: '刷新',
-        back: '返回',
-        leave: '退出 Mesh',
-        closeMesh: '关闭 Mesh',
-        remove: '移除成员',
-        cancel: '取消',
-        closeConfirm: '关闭这个 Mesh？',
-        leaveConfirm: '退出这个 Mesh？',
-        removeConfirm: '移除这个成员？',
-        meshActions: 'Mesh 操作',
-        memberActions: (peerId: string) => `${peerId} 的操作`,
-        addLocalHost: '添加本机 Runtime Host',
-        localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
-        localHostMissing: '本机 Runtime Host 尚未加入',
-        localHostMissingHint: '加入后，其他成员才能通过此 Mesh 连接本机分享的任务。',
-      }
-    : locale === 'zh-TW'
-      ? {
-          title: 'Peer Mesh',
-          experimental: '實驗性',
-          failed: 'Peer Mesh 操作失敗',
-          invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh 回傳了無效結果',
-          unknownError: 'Peer Mesh 操作失敗',
-          outcomeUnknown: 'Host 可能已完成此操作。已重新整理目前狀態，請確認後再重試。',
-          invitationOutcomeUnknown:
-            'Host 可能已建立邀請碼，但代碼未能回傳且無法復原。它會自動過期；建立新邀請前請先檢查待使用邀請數量。',
-          outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
-            'Host 可能已完成此操作，但目前狀態也無法重新整理。請恢復連線並重新整理後再重試。',
-          unavailable: '目前 endpoint 不支援 Peer Mesh',
-          loading: '正在讀取 Mesh 狀態…',
-          checkingPeerConnection: '正在檢查此 Runtime Host 的 Peer 連線…',
-          peerConnectionDisabled: '此 Runtime Host 尚未開啟 Peer 連線',
-          peerConnectionDisabledHint:
-            '開啟後，此 Host 才能建立或加入 Mesh；現有 SSH 連線會繼續保留。',
-          peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
-            '此 Host 的 Direct peer 連線正在使用中，請先在 Host 列表中將它停用。',
-          enablePeerConnection: '開啟 Peer 連線',
-          peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer 連線已開啟，Mesh endpoint 正在就緒',
-          peerConnectionStartingHint: '通常只需幾秒；也可以立即重新檢查。',
-          peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: '此 Runtime Host 版本尚不支援 Peer Mesh 管理',
-          peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: '請先更新此 Host，再回來開啟 Peer 連線。',
-          working: {
-            refresh: '正在重新整理 Peer Mesh…',
-            create: '正在建立 Mesh…',
-            join: '正在加入 Mesh…',
-            invite: '正在準備邀請…',
-            'add-host': '正在將 Runtime Host 加入 Mesh…',
-            'enable-peer': '正在為 Runtime Host 開啟 Peer 連線…',
-            update: '正在更新 Mesh…',
-            rename: '正在儲存名稱…',
-          },
-          settling: '正在確認最終狀態…',
-          endpoint: '管理對象',
-          desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
-          hostEndpoint: '本機 Runtime Host',
-          desktopEndpointHelp: '此 Client 用於連線至 Mesh 中的 Runtime Host。',
-          hostEndpointHelp: '此 Host 加入後，其他成員才能連線至本機分享的任務。',
-          advancedSettings: '進階設定',
-          technicalDetails: '身分與連線設定',
-          connectivityAutomatic: '自動連線（建議）',
-          connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: '僅使用已知路徑',
-          connectivityCustom: '自訂位址探索',
-          restartRequired: '需要重新啟動',
-          adaptiveConnectivity: '自適應連線',
-          adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
-            'Maka 會自動競速可用的直接連線方式，並在獲准時使用成員轉送；此處不需要選擇特定通訊協定。',
-          connectivityPolicyLoading: '正在讀取連線策略…',
-          connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: '無法讀取連線策略',
-          connectivityPolicySaveFailed: '無法儲存連線策略',
-          restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: '恢復預設設定',
-          connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
-            '重新啟動 Maka 後，已儲存的連線策略變更會套用至新連線。',
-          publicAddressDiscovery: '公網位址探索',
-          publicStunDefault: '公共 STUN（建議）',
-          publicStunDisabled: '不使用公共 STUN',
-          publicStunCustom: '自訂 STUN',
-          customStunUrls: 'STUN 位址',
-          customStunUrlsInvalid: '請輸入以逗號分隔的 stun:主機[:連接埠] 位址，最多 8 個。',
-          publicStunDefaultHelp:
-            '使用 Cloudflare 公共 STUN 盡力探索公網對映。它不承載 Maka 流量，但提供者可觀察來源 IP 和請求時間；Maka 不保證其可用性。',
-          publicStunDisabledHelp:
-            '僅嘗試本機位址和其他已知直接連線路徑；跨 NAT 的直接連線成功率可能降低。',
-          publicStunCustomHelp:
-            '使用逗號分隔的 stun: 位址。STUN 只探索網路位址，不承載 Session 內容。',
-          saveConnectivityPolicy: '儲存變更',
-          peerId: 'Peer ID',
-          peerIdHelp: '此 endpoint 在 Mesh 中的技術身分；點選 ID 可複製完整值。',
-          meshId: 'Mesh ID',
-          meshIdHelp: '用於診斷和識別此 Mesh；點選 ID 可複製完整值。',
-          thisRuntimeHost: '本機 Runtime Host',
-          thisDesktop: '本機 Desktop',
-          peerPathDirect: '直接連線',
-          peerPathTransit: '成員轉送',
-          peerPathOther: '其他',
-          displayName: '在 Mesh 中顯示的名稱',
-          meshDisplayName: 'Mesh 名稱',
-          unnamedMesh: '未命名 Mesh',
-          rename: '修改名稱',
-          renameMesh: '修改 Mesh 名稱',
-          save: '儲存',
-          peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID 已複製',
-          peerIdCopyFailed: '無法複製 Peer ID',
-          meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID 已複製',
-          copyPeerId: (value: string) => `複製完整 Peer ID：${value}`,
-          copyMeshId: (value: string) => `複製完整 Mesh ID：${value}`,
-          empty: '建立你的第一個 Mesh',
-          emptyHint: '建立新的 Mesh，或透過一次性邀請碼加入。',
-          meshes: 'Mesh',
-          mesh: 'Mesh',
-          members: '成員',
-          activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} 個使用中`,
-          showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `顯示已關閉（${value}）`,
-          noActiveMeshes: '沒有使用中的 Mesh',
-          noActiveMeshesHint: '已關閉的 Mesh 預設隱藏；可透過上方篩選查看。',
-          authority: '管理者',
-          member: '成員',
-          closed: '已關閉',
-          memberCount: (value: number) => `${value} 個成員`,
-          pending: (value: number) => `${value} 個待使用邀請`,
-          transit: '成員轉送',
-          transitHelp: '允許此 Mesh 的成員透過本機建立連線；會使用本機頻寬。',
-          transitToggle: '為此 Mesh 提供轉送',
-          transitStatus: '成員轉送狀態',
-          transitLimitsLabel: '成員轉送限制',
-          transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
-            value
-              ? `固定上限：每位成員 ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} 條連線，每條最長 ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)}，最多 ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}。一次只能為一個 Mesh 開啟。`
-              : '成員轉送使用固定資源上限，一次只能為一個 Mesh 開啟。',
-          allowedMembers: '允許成員',
-          reservations: 'Reservation',
-          circuits: '連線',
-          routeState: {
-            local: '本機',
-            route_available: '路徑可用',
-            coordination_only: '僅協調路徑',
-            stale: '路徑已過期',
-            unknown: '路徑未知',
-          },
-          endpointKind: {
-            client: 'Client',
-            host: 'Runtime Host',
-            unknown: '未識別 Peer',
-          },
-          endpointKindHelp: {
-            client: 'Client 是操作介面：它連線至 Host、瀏覽任務並發起操作，本身不持有任務。',
-            host: 'Runtime Host 持有任務和執行狀態，並執行經過授權的工作。',
-            unknown: '此 Peer 尚未回報它是 Client 或 Runtime Host，通常來自舊版本。',
-          },
-          joinTitle: '加入 Mesh',
-          joinHint: '貼上另一個 Peer 產生的一次性邀請碼。',
-          joinCode: '邀請碼',
-          join: '加入',
-          joinMesh: '加入 Mesh',
-          invite: '邀請成員',
-          invitationTitle: '邀請成員',
-          invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
-          invitationWarning: '此代碼只能使用一次；取得代碼的人可以讓一個 peer 加入此 Mesh。',
-          invitationDirectOnly:
-            '尚未連線至協調節點。此邀請碼只包含直接位址，跨 NAT 時可能無法連線。',
-          invitationExpires: (value: string) => `有效期限至 ${value}`,
-          invitationCopied: '邀請碼已複製',
-          copyInvitation: '複製邀請碼',
-          create: '建立 Mesh',
-          refresh: '重新整理',
-          back: '返回',
-          leave: '退出 Mesh',
-          closeMesh: '關閉 Mesh',
-          remove: '移除成員',
-          cancel: '取消',
-          closeConfirm: '關閉這個 Mesh？',
-          leaveConfirm: '退出這個 Mesh？',
-          removeConfirm: '移除這個成員？',
-          meshActions: 'Mesh 操作',
-          memberActions: (peerId: string) => `${peerId} 的操作`,
-          addLocalHost: '新增本機 Runtime Host',
-          localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
-          localHostMissing: '本機 Runtime Host 尚未加入',
-          localHostMissingHint: '加入後，其他成員才能透過此 Mesh 連線至本機分享的任務。',
-        }
-      : {
-        title: 'Peer Mesh',
-        experimental: 'Experimental',
-        failed: 'Peer Mesh operation failed',
-        invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh returned an invalid result',
-        unknownError: 'Peer Mesh operation failed',
-        outcomeUnknown:
-          'The Host may have completed this operation. Its current state was refreshed; review it before trying again.',
-        invitationOutcomeUnknown:
-          'The Host may have created an invitation, but its one-time code was not returned and cannot be recovered. It will expire automatically; review the pending invitation count before creating another.',
-        outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
-          'The Host may have completed this operation, but its current state could not be refreshed. Reconnect and refresh before trying again.',
-        unavailable: 'Peer Mesh is unavailable for this endpoint',
-        loading: 'Loading Mesh status…',
-        checkingPeerConnection: "Checking this Runtime Host's peer connection…",
-        peerConnectionDisabled: 'Peer connectivity is not enabled for this Runtime Host',
-        peerConnectionDisabledHint:
-          'Enable it so this Host can create or join Meshes. The existing SSH connection remains available.',
-        peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
-          "This Host's Direct peer connection is in use. Disable it in the Host list before changing the listener.",
-        enablePeerConnection: 'Enable peer connectivity',
-        peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer connectivity is enabled; the Mesh endpoint is starting',
-        peerConnectionStartingHint: 'This normally takes a few seconds. You can also check again.',
-        peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: 'This Runtime Host version cannot manage Peer Mesh',
-        peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: 'Update this Host before enabling peer connectivity.',
-        working: {
-          refresh: 'Refreshing Peer Mesh…',
-          create: 'Creating Mesh…',
-          join: 'Joining Mesh…',
-          invite: 'Preparing invitation…',
-          'add-host': 'Adding the Runtime Host to the Mesh…',
-          'enable-peer': 'Enabling peer connectivity for the Runtime Host…',
-          update: 'Updating Mesh…',
-          rename: 'Saving name…',
-        },
-        settling: 'Confirming the final state…',
-        endpoint: 'Manage endpoint',
-        desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
-        hostEndpoint: 'Local Runtime Host',
-        desktopEndpointHelp: 'This Client connects to Runtime Hosts in the Mesh.',
-        hostEndpointHelp: 'Add this Host so other members can reach tasks shared from this device.',
-        advancedSettings: 'Advanced settings',
-        technicalDetails: 'Identity and connectivity details',
-        connectivityAutomatic: 'Automatic connectivity (recommended)',
-        connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: 'Known routes only',
-        connectivityCustom: 'Custom address discovery',
-        restartRequired: 'Restart required',
-        adaptiveConnectivity: 'Adaptive connectivity',
-        adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
-          'Maka races available direct paths automatically and uses approved member transit when needed. You do not choose a transport protocol here.',
-        connectivityPolicyLoading: 'Loading connectivity policy…',
-        connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: 'Could not load connectivity policy',
-        connectivityPolicySaveFailed: 'Could not save connectivity policy',
-        restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: 'Restore defaults',
-        connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
-          'Restart Maka to apply saved connectivity-policy changes to new connections.',
-        publicAddressDiscovery: 'Public address discovery',
-        publicStunDefault: 'Public STUN (recommended)',
-        publicStunDisabled: 'No public STUN',
-        publicStunCustom: 'Custom STUN',
-        customStunUrls: 'STUN addresses',
-        customStunUrlsInvalid:
-          'Enter up to 8 comma-separated stun:host[:port] addresses.',
-        publicStunDefaultHelp:
-          'Uses Cloudflare public STUN on a best-effort basis to discover public mappings. It never carries Maka traffic, but the provider can observe source IPs and request timing; Maka provides no availability guarantee.',
-        publicStunDisabledHelp:
-          'Only local addresses and other known direct paths are attempted; direct connectivity across NAT may be reduced.',
-        publicStunCustomHelp:
-          'Enter comma-separated stun: addresses. STUN discovers network addresses and never carries Session content.',
-        saveConnectivityPolicy: 'Save changes',
-        peerId: 'Peer ID',
-        peerIdHelp: 'Technical identity for this endpoint. Select the ID to copy its full value.',
-        meshId: 'Mesh ID',
-        meshIdHelp: 'Used to identify and diagnose this Mesh. Select the ID to copy its full value.',
-        thisRuntimeHost: 'This Runtime Host',
-        thisDesktop: 'This Desktop',
-        peerPathDirect: 'Direct',
-        peerPathTransit: 'Member transit',
-        peerPathOther: 'Other',
-        displayName: 'Name shown in the Mesh',
-        meshDisplayName: 'Mesh name',
-        unnamedMesh: 'Unnamed Mesh',
-        rename: 'Rename',
-        renameMesh: 'Rename Mesh',
-        save: 'Save',
-        peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID copied',
-        peerIdCopyFailed: 'Could not copy Peer ID',
-        meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID copied',
-        copyPeerId: (value: string) => `Copy full Peer ID: ${value}`,
-        copyMeshId: (value: string) => `Copy full Mesh ID: ${value}`,
-        empty: 'Build your first Mesh',
-        emptyHint: 'Create a new Mesh or join one with a one-time invitation.',
-        meshes: 'Meshes',
-        mesh: 'Mesh',
-        members: 'Members',
-        activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} active`,
-        showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `Show closed (${value})`,
-        noActiveMeshes: 'No active Meshes',
-        noActiveMeshesHint: 'Closed Meshes are hidden by default. Use the filter above to show them.',
-        authority: 'Owner',
-        member: 'Member',
-        closed: 'Closed',
-        memberCount: (value: number) => value === 1 ? '1 member' : `${value} members`,
-        pending: (value: number) => `${value} pending invites`,
-        transit: 'Member transit',
-        transitHelp: 'Let members of this Mesh connect through this device using its bandwidth.',
-        transitToggle: 'Provide transit for this Mesh',
-        transitStatus: 'Member transit status',
-        transitLimitsLabel: 'Member transit limits',
-        transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
-          value
-            ? `Fixed limits: ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} circuits per member, ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)} per circuit, and ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}. Only one Mesh can be served at a time.`
-            : 'Member transit uses fixed resource limits. Only one Mesh can be served at a time.',
-        allowedMembers: 'Allowed members',
-        reservations: 'Reservations',
-        circuits: 'Circuits',
-        routeState: {
-          local: 'Local',
-          connecting: 'Connecting',
-          reachable: 'Reachable',
-          reconnecting: 'Reconnecting',
-          needs_repair: 'Needs a new invitation',
-        },
-        endpointKind: {
-          client: 'Client',
-          host: 'Runtime Host',
-          unknown: 'Unidentified peer',
-        },
-        endpointKindHelp: {
-          client: 'A Client is the interface that connects to Hosts, browses tasks, and starts actions. It does not own tasks.',
-          host: 'A Runtime Host owns tasks and runtime state, and executes authorized work.',
-          unknown: 'This peer has not reported whether it is a Client or Runtime Host, usually because it uses an older build.',
-        },
-        joinTitle: 'Join a Mesh',
-        joinHint: 'Paste a one-time invitation created by another peer.',
-        joinCode: 'Invitation',
-        join: 'Join',
-        joinMesh: 'Join Mesh',
-        invite: 'Invite member',
-        invitationTitle: 'Invite a member',
-        invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
-        invitationWarning:
-          'This code works once. Anyone holding it can admit one peer to this Mesh.',
-        invitationDirectOnly:
-          'No coordination peer is available yet. This invitation contains direct routes only and may not work across NATs.',
-        invitationExpires: (value: string) => `Expires ${value}`,
-        invitationCopied: 'Invitation copied',
-        copyInvitation: 'Copy invitation',
-        create: 'Create Mesh',
-        refresh: 'Refresh',
-        back: 'Back',
-        leave: 'Leave Mesh',
-        closeMesh: 'Close Mesh',
-        remove: 'Remove member',
-        cancel: 'Cancel',
-        closeConfirm: 'Close this Mesh?',
-        leaveConfirm: 'Leave this Mesh?',
-        removeConfirm: 'Remove this member?',
-        meshActions: 'Mesh actions',
-        memberActions: (peerId: string) => `Actions for ${peerId}`,
-        addLocalHost: 'Add local Runtime Host',
-        localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
-        localHostMissing: 'Local Runtime Host has not joined',
-        localHostMissingHint:
-          'Add it so other members can reach tasks shared from this device through the Mesh.',
-      };
-}
-
-function formatHours(seconds: number): string {
-  return `${seconds / 3_600}h`;
-}
-
-function formatMebibytes(bytes: number): string {
-  return `${bytes / (1024 * 1024)} MiB`;
-}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e87370a159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import type {
+  AgentGraphClientOperator,
+  AgentGraphClientSnapshot,
+} from '@maka/runtime/stream-graph-read-model';
+import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+
+export interface AgentGraphPanelCopy {
+  title: string;
+  loading: string;
+  retry: string;
+  collapse: string;
+  expand: string;
+  dismiss: string;
+  stop: string;
+  stopping: string;
+  stopFailed: string;
+  loadFailed: string;
+  openSession: string;
+  operators: string;
+  selectedResults: string;
+  epoch: string;
+  currentEpoch: string;
+  historicalEpoch: string;
+  cappedEpochs(count: number): string;
+  noOperators: string;
+  hiddenOperators(count: number): string;
+  progress(settled: number, total: number, hasOmitted: boolean): string;
+  status(status: AgentGraphClientSnapshot['status']): string;
+  operatorStatus(status: AgentGraphClientOperator['status']): string;
+  wait(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined;
+}
+
+const AGENT_GRAPH_PANEL_COPY = {
+  'zh-CN': {
+    title: 'Agent Graph',
+    loading: '正在读取 Graph 状态…',
+    retry: '重试',
+    collapse: '收起 Agent Graph',
+    expand: '展开 Agent Graph',
+    dismiss: '关闭 Agent Graph',
+    stop: '停止 Graph',
+    stopping: '停止中…',
+    stopFailed: '停止 Graph 失败，请重试。',
+    loadFailed: 'Graph 状态刷新失败。',
+    openSession: '打开子任务',
+    operators: 'Operators',
+    selectedResults: '已选择结果',
+    epoch: 'Graph 运行轮次',
+    currentEpoch: '当前',
+    historicalEpoch: '历史记录（只读）',
+    cappedEpochs: (count) => `仅显示最近 ${count} 次运行`,
+    noOperators: '等待主 Agent 创建 operator…',
+    hiddenOperators: (count) => `另有 ${count} 个 operator`,
+    progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
+      hasOmitted ? `可见 ${settled}/${total} 已结束` : `${settled}/${total} 已结束`,
+    status: (status) =>
+      ({
+        empty: '等待调度',
+        active: '运行中',
+        closing: '收尾中',
+        waiting: '等待中',
+        stopped: '已停止',
+        failed: '失败',
+        completed: '已完成',
+      })[status],
+    operatorStatus: (status) =>
+      ({
+        not_started: '未启动',
+        waiting: '等待',
+        runnable: '可运行',
+        running: '运行中',
+        blocked: '受阻',
+        completed: '完成',
+        failed: '失败',
+        aborted: '中止',
+        cancelled: '取消',
+      })[status],
+    wait: waitReasonZh,
+  },
+  'zh-TW': {
+    title: 'Agent Graph',
+    loading: '正在讀取 Graph 狀態…',
+    retry: '重試',
+    collapse: '收起 Agent Graph',
+    expand: '展開 Agent Graph',
+    dismiss: '關閉 Agent Graph',
+    stop: '停止 Graph',
+    stopping: '停止中…',
+    stopFailed: '停止 Graph 失敗，請重試。',
+    loadFailed: 'Graph 狀態重新整理失敗。',
+    openSession: '開啟子任務',
+    operators: 'Operators',
+    selectedResults: '已選取結果',
+    epoch: 'Graph 執行輪次',
+    currentEpoch: '目前',
+    historicalEpoch: '歷史記錄（唯讀）',
+    cappedEpochs: (count) => `僅顯示最近 ${count} 次執行`,
+    noOperators: '等待主 Agent 建立 operator…',
+    hiddenOperators: (count) => `另有 ${count} 個 operator`,
+    progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
+      hasOmitted ? `可見項目中 ${settled}/${total} 已結束` : `${settled}/${total} 已結束`,
+    status: (status) =>
+      ({
+        empty: '等待排程',
+        active: '執行中',
+        closing: '收尾中',
+        waiting: '等待中',
+        stopped: '已停止',
+        failed: '失敗',
+        completed: '已完成',
+      })[status],
+    operatorStatus: (status) =>
+      ({
+        not_started: '尚未啟動',
+        waiting: '等待',
+        runnable: '可執行',
+        running: '執行中',
+        blocked: '受阻',
+        completed: '完成',
+        failed: '失敗',
+        aborted: '已中止',
+        cancelled: '已取消',
+      })[status],
+    wait: waitReasonZhTw,
+  },
+  en: {
+    title: 'Agent Graph',
+    loading: 'Loading graph state…',
+    retry: 'Retry',
+    collapse: 'Collapse Agent Graph',
+    expand: 'Expand Agent Graph',
+    dismiss: 'Dismiss Agent Graph',
+    stop: 'Stop graph',
+    stopping: 'Stopping…',
+    stopFailed: 'Could not stop the graph. Try again.',
+    loadFailed: 'Could not refresh graph state.',
+    openSession: 'Open child task',
+    operators: 'Operators',
+    selectedResults: 'Selected results',
+    epoch: 'Graph run',
+    currentEpoch: 'Current',
+    historicalEpoch: 'History (read-only)',
+    cappedEpochs: (count) => `Showing the newest ${count} runs`,
+    noOperators: 'Waiting for the main agent to create an operator…',
+    hiddenOperators: (count) => `${count} more operator${count === 1 ? '' : 's'}`,
+    progress: (settled, total, hasOmitted) =>
+      hasOmitted ? `${settled}/${total} visible settled` : `${settled}/${total} settled`,
+    status: (status) =>
+      ({
+        empty: 'Awaiting schedule',
+        active: 'Running',
+        closing: 'Finishing',
+        waiting: 'Waiting',
+        stopped: 'Stopped',
+        failed: 'Failed',
+        completed: 'Completed',
+      })[status],
+    operatorStatus: (status) =>
+      ({
+        not_started: 'Not started',
+        waiting: 'Waiting',
+        runnable: 'Runnable',
+        running: 'Running',
+        blocked: 'Blocked',
+        completed: 'Completed',
+        failed: 'Failed',
+        aborted: 'Aborted',
+        cancelled: 'Cancelled',
+      })[status],
+    wait: waitReasonEn,
+  },
+} satisfies UiCatalog<AgentGraphPanelCopy>;
+
+export function getAgentGraphPanelCopy(locale: UiLocale): AgentGraphPanelCopy {
+  return AGENT_GRAPH_PANEL_COPY[locale];
+}
+
+function firstWait(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator) {
+  return operator.readiness.find((readiness) => readiness.status === 'waiting')?.waitingFor[0];
+}
+
+function waitReasonEn(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
+  const wait = firstWait(operator);
+  if (!wait) return undefined;
+  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
+    return `Waiting for input from ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join(', ')}`;
+  }
+  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
+    return `Waiting for ${wait.operatorId} activation`;
+  }
+  return `Waiting for ${wait.operatorId} to settle`;
+}
+
+function waitReasonZh(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
+  const wait = firstWait(operator);
+  if (!wait) return undefined;
+  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
+    return `等待 ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join('、')} 的输入`;
+  }
+  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
+    return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} activation`;
+  }
+  return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 结束`;
+}
+
+function waitReasonZhTw(operator: AgentGraphClientOperator): string | undefined {
+  const wait = firstWait(operator);
+  if (!wait) return undefined;
+  if (wait.kind === 'input_route') {
+    return `等待 ${wait.upstreamOperatorIds.join('、')} 的輸入`;
+  }
+  if (wait.kind === 'activation_missing') {
+    return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 啟用`;
+  }
+  return `等待 ${wait.operatorId} 結束`;
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9fa53ee34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/peer-mesh-copy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import type { PeerMeshMemberProjection, PeerMeshQueryResult } from '@maka/runtime-host/protocol';
+import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+
+export interface PeerMeshCopy {
+  readonly title: string;
+  readonly experimental: string;
+  readonly failed: string;
+  readonly invalidResult: string;
+  readonly unknownError: string;
+  readonly outcomeUnknown: string;
+  readonly invitationOutcomeUnknown: string;
+  readonly outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed: string;
+  readonly unavailable: string;
+  readonly loading: string;
+  readonly checkingPeerConnection: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionDisabled: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionDisabledHint: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst: string;
+  readonly enablePeerConnection: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionStarting: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionStartingHint: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: string;
+  readonly peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: string;
+  readonly working: Record<
+    'refresh' | 'create' | 'join' | 'invite' | 'add-host' | 'enable-peer' | 'update' | 'rename',
+    string
+  >;
+  readonly settling: string;
+  readonly endpoint: string;
+  readonly desktopEndpoint: string;
+  readonly hostEndpoint: string;
+  readonly desktopEndpointHelp: string;
+  readonly hostEndpointHelp: string;
+  readonly advancedSettings: string;
+  readonly technicalDetails: string;
+  readonly connectivityAutomatic: string;
+  readonly connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: string;
+  readonly connectivityCustom: string;
+  readonly restartRequired: string;
+  readonly adaptiveConnectivity: string;
+  readonly adaptiveConnectivityHelp: string;
+  readonly connectivityPolicyLoading: string;
+  readonly connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: string;
+  readonly connectivityPolicySaveFailed: string;
+  readonly restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: string;
+  readonly connectivityPolicyRestartRequired: string;
+  readonly publicAddressDiscovery: string;
+  readonly publicStunDefault: string;
+  readonly publicStunDisabled: string;
+  readonly publicStunCustom: string;
+  readonly customStunUrls: string;
+  readonly customStunUrlsInvalid: string;
+  readonly publicStunDefaultHelp: string;
+  readonly publicStunDisabledHelp: string;
+  readonly publicStunCustomHelp: string;
+  readonly saveConnectivityPolicy: string;
+  readonly peerId: string;
+  readonly peerIdHelp: string;
+  readonly meshId: string;
+  readonly meshIdHelp: string;
+  readonly thisRuntimeHost: string;
+  readonly thisDesktop: string;
+  readonly displayName: string;
+  readonly meshDisplayName: string;
+  readonly unnamedMesh: string;
+  readonly rename: string;
+  readonly renameMesh: string;
+  readonly save: string;
+  readonly peerIdCopied: string;
+  readonly meshIdCopied: string;
+  copyPeerId(value: string): string;
+  copyMeshId(value: string): string;
+  readonly empty: string;
+  readonly emptyHint: string;
+  readonly meshes: string;
+  readonly mesh: string;
+  readonly members: string;
+  activeMeshCount(value: number): string;
+  showClosedMeshes(value: number): string;
+  readonly noActiveMeshes: string;
+  readonly noActiveMeshesHint: string;
+  readonly authority: string;
+  readonly member: string;
+  readonly closed: string;
+  memberCount(value: number): string;
+  pending(value: number): string;
+  readonly transit: string;
+  readonly transitHelp: string;
+  readonly transitToggle: string;
+  readonly transitStatus: string;
+  readonly transitLimitsLabel: string;
+  transitLimits(value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']): string;
+  readonly allowedMembers: string;
+  readonly reservations: string;
+  readonly circuits: string;
+  readonly routeState: Record<PeerMeshMemberProjection['state'], string>;
+  readonly endpointKind: Record<'client' | 'host' | 'unknown', string>;
+  readonly endpointKindHelp: Record<'client' | 'host' | 'unknown', string>;
+  readonly joinTitle: string;
+  readonly joinHint: string;
+  readonly joinCode: string;
+  readonly join: string;
+  readonly joinMesh: string;
+  readonly invite: string;
+  readonly invitationTitle: string;
+  invitationFor(value: string): string;
+  readonly invitationWarning: string;
+  readonly invitationDirectOnly: string;
+  invitationExpires(value: string): string;
+  readonly invitationCopied: string;
+  readonly copyInvitation: string;
+  readonly create: string;
+  readonly refresh: string;
+  readonly back: string;
+  readonly leave: string;
+  readonly closeMesh: string;
+  readonly remove: string;
+  readonly cancel: string;
+  readonly closeConfirm: string;
+  readonly leaveConfirm: string;
+  readonly removeConfirm: string;
+  readonly meshActions: string;
+  memberActions(peerId: string): string;
+  readonly addLocalHost: string;
+  readonly localRuntimeHost: string;
+  readonly localHostMissing: string;
+  readonly localHostMissingHint: string;
+}
+
+const PEER_MESH_COPY = {
+  'zh-CN': {
+    title: 'Peer Mesh',
+    experimental: '实验性',
+    failed: 'Peer Mesh 操作失败',
+    invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh 返回了无效结果',
+    unknownError: 'Peer Mesh 操作失败',
+    outcomeUnknown: 'Host 可能已完成此操作。已刷新当前状态，请确认后再重试。',
+    invitationOutcomeUnknown:
+      'Host 可能已创建邀请码，但代码未能返回且无法恢复。它会自动过期；创建新邀请前请先检查待使用邀请数量。',
+    outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
+      'Host 可能已完成此操作，但当前状态也未能刷新。请恢复连接并刷新后再重试。',
+    unavailable: '当前 endpoint 不支持 Peer Mesh',
+    loading: '正在读取 Mesh 状态…',
+    checkingPeerConnection: '正在检查此 Runtime Host 的 Peer 连接…',
+    peerConnectionDisabled: '此 Runtime Host 尚未开启 Peer 连接',
+    peerConnectionDisabledHint:
+      '开启后，此 Host 才能创建或加入 Mesh；现有 SSH 连接会继续保留。',
+    peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
+      '此 Host 的 Direct peer 连接正在使用中，请先在 Host 列表中将它停用。',
+    enablePeerConnection: '开启 Peer 连接',
+    peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer 连接已开启，Mesh endpoint 正在就绪',
+    peerConnectionStartingHint: '通常只需几秒；也可以立即重新检查。',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: '此 Runtime Host 版本尚不支持 Peer Mesh 管理',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: '请先更新此 Host，再回来开启 Peer 连接。',
+    working: {
+      refresh: '正在刷新 Peer Mesh…',
+      create: '正在创建 Mesh…',
+      join: '正在加入 Mesh…',
+      invite: '正在准备邀请…',
+      'add-host': '正在将 Runtime Host 加入 Mesh…',
+      'enable-peer': '正在为 Runtime Host 开启 Peer 连接…',
+      update: '正在更新 Mesh…',
+      rename: '正在保存名称…',
+    },
+    settling: '正在确认最终状态…',
+    endpoint: '管理对象',
+    desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
+    hostEndpoint: '本机 Runtime Host',
+    desktopEndpointHelp: '此 Client 用于连接 Mesh 中的 Runtime Host。',
+    hostEndpointHelp: '此 Host 加入后，其他成员才能连接本机分享的任务。',
+    advancedSettings: '高级设置',
+    technicalDetails: '身份与连接配置',
+    connectivityAutomatic: '自动连接（推荐）',
+    connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: '仅使用已知路径',
+    connectivityCustom: '自定义地址发现',
+    restartRequired: '需要重启',
+    adaptiveConnectivity: '自适应连接',
+    adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
+      'Maka 会自动竞速可用的直连方式，并在获准时使用成员转发；这里不需要选择具体协议。',
+    connectivityPolicyLoading: '正在读取连接策略…',
+    connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: '无法读取连接策略',
+    connectivityPolicySaveFailed: '无法保存连接策略',
+    restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: '恢复默认设置',
+    connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
+      '重启 Maka 后，已保存的连接策略变更会应用到新连接。',
+    publicAddressDiscovery: '公网地址发现',
+    publicStunDefault: '公共 STUN（推荐）',
+    publicStunDisabled: '不使用公共 STUN',
+    publicStunCustom: '自定义 STUN',
+    customStunUrls: 'STUN 地址',
+    customStunUrlsInvalid:
+      '请输入以逗号分隔的 stun:主机[:端口] 地址，最多 8 个。',
+    publicStunDefaultHelp:
+      '使用 Cloudflare 公共 STUN 尽力发现公网映射。它不承载 Maka 流量，但提供方可观察源 IP 和请求时间；Maka 不保证其可用性。',
+    publicStunDisabledHelp:
+      '仅尝试本地地址和其他已知直连路径；跨 NAT 的直连成功率可能降低。',
+    publicStunCustomHelp:
+      '使用逗号分隔的 stun: 地址。STUN 只发现网络地址，不承载 Session 内容。',
+    saveConnectivityPolicy: '保存更改',
+    peerId: 'Peer ID',
+    peerIdHelp: '此 endpoint 在 Mesh 中的技术身份；点击 ID 可复制完整值。',
+    meshId: 'Mesh ID',
+    meshIdHelp: '用于诊断和识别此 Mesh；点击 ID 可复制完整值。',
+    thisRuntimeHost: '本机 Runtime Host',
+    thisDesktop: '本机 Desktop',
+    displayName: '在 Mesh 中显示的名称',
+    meshDisplayName: 'Mesh 名称',
+    unnamedMesh: '未命名 Mesh',
+    rename: '修改名称',
+    renameMesh: '修改 Mesh 名称',
+    save: '保存',
+    peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID 已复制',
+    meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID 已复制',
+    copyPeerId: (value: string) => `复制完整 Peer ID：${value}`,
+    copyMeshId: (value: string) => `复制完整 Mesh ID：${value}`,
+    empty: '建立你的第一个 Mesh',
+    emptyHint: '创建新 Mesh，或通过一次性邀请码加入。',
+    meshes: 'Mesh',
+    mesh: 'Mesh',
+    members: '成员',
+    activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} 个使用中`,
+    showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `显示已关闭（${value}）`,
+    noActiveMeshes: '没有使用中的 Mesh',
+    noActiveMeshesHint: '已关闭的 Mesh 默认隐藏；可通过上方筛选查看。',
+    authority: '管理者',
+    member: '成员',
+    closed: '已关闭',
+    memberCount: (value: number) => `${value} 个成员`,
+    pending: (value: number) => `${value} 个待使用邀请`,
+    transit: '成员转发',
+    transitHelp: '允许此 Mesh 的成员通过本机建立连接；会使用本机带宽。',
+    transitToggle: '为此 Mesh 提供转发',
+    transitStatus: '成员转发状态',
+    transitLimitsLabel: '成员转发限制',
+    transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
+      value
+        ? `固定上限：每个成员 ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} 条连接，每条最长 ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)}，最多 ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}。一次只能为一个 Mesh 开启。`
+        : '成员转发使用固定资源上限，一次只能为一个 Mesh 开启。',
+    allowedMembers: '允许成员',
+    reservations: 'Reservation',
+    circuits: '连接',
+    routeState: {
+      local: '本机',
+      connecting: '正在连接',
+      reachable: '可达',
+      reconnecting: '正在恢复连接',
+      needs_repair: '需要新邀请码修复',
+    },
+    endpointKind: {
+      client: 'Client',
+      host: 'Runtime Host',
+      unknown: '未标识 Peer',
+    },
+    endpointKindHelp: {
+      client: 'Client 是操作界面：它连接 Host、浏览任务并发起操作，本身不持有任务。',
+      host: 'Runtime Host 持有任务和运行状态，并执行经过授权的工作。',
+      unknown: '此 Peer 尚未报告它是 Client 还是 Runtime Host，通常来自旧版本。',
+    },
+    joinTitle: '加入 Mesh',
+    joinHint: '粘贴另一个 Peer 生成的一次性邀请码。',
+    joinCode: '邀请码',
+    join: '加入',
+    joinMesh: '加入 Mesh',
+    invite: '邀请成员',
+    invitationTitle: '邀请成员',
+    invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
+    invitationWarning: '该代码只能使用一次；获得代码的人可以让一个 peer 加入此 Mesh。',
+    invitationDirectOnly:
+      '尚未连接到协调节点。此邀请码只包含直接地址，跨 NAT 时可能无法连接。',
+    invitationExpires: (value: string) => `有效期至 ${value}`,
+    invitationCopied: '邀请码已复制',
+    copyInvitation: '复制邀请码',
+    create: '创建 Mesh',
+    refresh: '刷新',
+    back: '返回',
+    leave: '退出 Mesh',
+    closeMesh: '关闭 Mesh',
+    remove: '移除成员',
+    cancel: '取消',
+    closeConfirm: '关闭这个 Mesh？',
+    leaveConfirm: '退出这个 Mesh？',
+    removeConfirm: '移除这个成员？',
+    meshActions: 'Mesh 操作',
+    memberActions: (peerId: string) => `${peerId} 的操作`,
+    addLocalHost: '添加本机 Runtime Host',
+    localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
+    localHostMissing: '本机 Runtime Host 尚未加入',
+    localHostMissingHint: '加入后，其他成员才能通过此 Mesh 连接本机分享的任务。',
+  },
+  'zh-TW': {
+    title: 'Peer Mesh',
+    experimental: '實驗性',
+    failed: 'Peer Mesh 操作失敗',
+    invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh 回傳了無效結果',
+    unknownError: 'Peer Mesh 操作失敗',
+    outcomeUnknown: 'Host 可能已完成此操作。已重新整理目前狀態，請確認後再重試。',
+    invitationOutcomeUnknown:
+      'Host 可能已建立邀請碼，但代碼未能回傳且無法復原。它會自動過期；建立新邀請前請先檢查待使用邀請數量。',
+    outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
+      'Host 可能已完成此操作，但目前狀態也無法重新整理。請恢復連線並重新整理後再重試。',
+    unavailable: '目前 endpoint 不支援 Peer Mesh',
+    loading: '正在讀取 Mesh 狀態…',
+    checkingPeerConnection: '正在檢查此 Runtime Host 的 Peer 連線…',
+    peerConnectionDisabled: '此 Runtime Host 尚未開啟 Peer 連線',
+    peerConnectionDisabledHint:
+      '開啟後，此 Host 才能建立或加入 Mesh；現有 SSH 連線會繼續保留。',
+    peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
+      '此 Host 的 Direct peer 連線正在使用中，請先在 Host 列表中將它停用。',
+    enablePeerConnection: '開啟 Peer 連線',
+    peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer 連線已開啟，Mesh endpoint 正在就緒',
+    peerConnectionStartingHint: '通常只需幾秒；也可以立即重新檢查。',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: '此 Runtime Host 版本尚不支援 Peer Mesh 管理',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: '請先更新此 Host，再回來開啟 Peer 連線。',
+    working: {
+      refresh: '正在重新整理 Peer Mesh…',
+      create: '正在建立 Mesh…',
+      join: '正在加入 Mesh…',
+      invite: '正在準備邀請…',
+      'add-host': '正在將 Runtime Host 加入 Mesh…',
+      'enable-peer': '正在為 Runtime Host 開啟 Peer 連線…',
+      update: '正在更新 Mesh…',
+      rename: '正在儲存名稱…',
+    },
+    settling: '正在確認最終狀態…',
+    endpoint: '管理對象',
+    desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
+    hostEndpoint: '本機 Runtime Host',
+    desktopEndpointHelp: '此 Client 用於連線至 Mesh 中的 Runtime Host。',
+    hostEndpointHelp: '此 Host 加入後，其他成員才能連線至本機分享的任務。',
+    advancedSettings: '進階設定',
+    technicalDetails: '身分與連線設定',
+    connectivityAutomatic: '自動連線（建議）',
+    connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: '僅使用已知路徑',
+    connectivityCustom: '自訂位址探索',
+    restartRequired: '需要重新啟動',
+    adaptiveConnectivity: '自適應連線',
+    adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
+      'Maka 會自動競速可用的直接連線方式，並在獲准時使用成員轉送；此處不需要選擇特定通訊協定。',
+    connectivityPolicyLoading: '正在讀取連線策略…',
+    connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: '無法讀取連線策略',
+    connectivityPolicySaveFailed: '無法儲存連線策略',
+    restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: '恢復預設設定',
+    connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
+      '重新啟動 Maka 後，已儲存的連線策略變更會套用至新連線。',
+    publicAddressDiscovery: '公網位址探索',
+    publicStunDefault: '公共 STUN（建議）',
+    publicStunDisabled: '不使用公共 STUN',
+    publicStunCustom: '自訂 STUN',
+    customStunUrls: 'STUN 位址',
+    customStunUrlsInvalid: '請輸入以逗號分隔的 stun:主機[:連接埠] 位址，最多 8 個。',
+    publicStunDefaultHelp:
+      '使用 Cloudflare 公共 STUN 盡力探索公網對映。它不承載 Maka 流量，但提供者可觀察來源 IP 和請求時間；Maka 不保證其可用性。',
+    publicStunDisabledHelp:
+      '僅嘗試本機位址和其他已知直接連線路徑；跨 NAT 的直接連線成功率可能降低。',
+    publicStunCustomHelp:
+      '使用逗號分隔的 stun: 位址。STUN 只探索網路位址，不承載 Session 內容。',
+    saveConnectivityPolicy: '儲存變更',
+    peerId: 'Peer ID',
+    peerIdHelp: '此 endpoint 在 Mesh 中的技術身分；點選 ID 可複製完整值。',
+    meshId: 'Mesh ID',
+    meshIdHelp: '用於診斷和識別此 Mesh；點選 ID 可複製完整值。',
+    thisRuntimeHost: '本機 Runtime Host',
+    thisDesktop: '本機 Desktop',
+    displayName: '在 Mesh 中顯示的名稱',
+    meshDisplayName: 'Mesh 名稱',
+    unnamedMesh: '未命名 Mesh',
+    rename: '修改名稱',
+    renameMesh: '修改 Mesh 名稱',
+    save: '儲存',
+    peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID 已複製',
+    meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID 已複製',
+    copyPeerId: (value: string) => `複製完整 Peer ID：${value}`,
+    copyMeshId: (value: string) => `複製完整 Mesh ID：${value}`,
+    empty: '建立你的第一個 Mesh',
+    emptyHint: '建立新的 Mesh，或透過一次性邀請碼加入。',
+    meshes: 'Mesh',
+    mesh: 'Mesh',
+    members: '成員',
+    activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} 個使用中`,
+    showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `顯示已關閉（${value}）`,
+    noActiveMeshes: '沒有使用中的 Mesh',
+    noActiveMeshesHint: '已關閉的 Mesh 預設隱藏；可透過上方篩選查看。',
+    authority: '管理者',
+    member: '成員',
+    closed: '已關閉',
+    memberCount: (value: number) => `${value} 個成員`,
+    pending: (value: number) => `${value} 個待使用邀請`,
+    transit: '成員轉送',
+    transitHelp: '允許此 Mesh 的成員透過本機建立連線；會使用本機頻寬。',
+    transitToggle: '為此 Mesh 提供轉送',
+    transitStatus: '成員轉送狀態',
+    transitLimitsLabel: '成員轉送限制',
+    transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
+      value
+        ? `固定上限：每位成員 ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} 條連線，每條最長 ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)}，最多 ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}。一次只能為一個 Mesh 開啟。`
+        : '成員轉送使用固定資源上限，一次只能為一個 Mesh 開啟。',
+    allowedMembers: '允許成員',
+    reservations: 'Reservation',
+    circuits: '連線',
+    routeState: {
+      local: '本機',
+      connecting: '正在連線',
+      reachable: '可連線',
+      reconnecting: '正在恢復連線',
+      needs_repair: '需要新邀請碼修復',
+    },
+    endpointKind: {
+      client: 'Client',
+      host: 'Runtime Host',
+      unknown: '未識別 Peer',
+    },
+    endpointKindHelp: {
+      client: 'Client 是操作介面：它連線至 Host、瀏覽任務並發起操作，本身不持有任務。',
+      host: 'Runtime Host 持有任務和執行狀態，並執行經過授權的工作。',
+      unknown: '此 Peer 尚未回報它是 Client 或 Runtime Host，通常來自舊版本。',
+    },
+    joinTitle: '加入 Mesh',
+    joinHint: '貼上另一個 Peer 產生的一次性邀請碼。',
+    joinCode: '邀請碼',
+    join: '加入',
+    joinMesh: '加入 Mesh',
+    invite: '邀請成員',
+    invitationTitle: '邀請成員',
+    invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
+    invitationWarning: '此代碼只能使用一次；取得代碼的人可以讓一個 peer 加入此 Mesh。',
+    invitationDirectOnly:
+      '尚未連線至協調節點。此邀請碼只包含直接位址，跨 NAT 時可能無法連線。',
+    invitationExpires: (value: string) => `有效期限至 ${value}`,
+    invitationCopied: '邀請碼已複製',
+    copyInvitation: '複製邀請碼',
+    create: '建立 Mesh',
+    refresh: '重新整理',
+    back: '返回',
+    leave: '退出 Mesh',
+    closeMesh: '關閉 Mesh',
+    remove: '移除成員',
+    cancel: '取消',
+    closeConfirm: '關閉這個 Mesh？',
+    leaveConfirm: '退出這個 Mesh？',
+    removeConfirm: '移除這個成員？',
+    meshActions: 'Mesh 操作',
+    memberActions: (peerId: string) => `${peerId} 的操作`,
+    addLocalHost: '新增本機 Runtime Host',
+    localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
+    localHostMissing: '本機 Runtime Host 尚未加入',
+    localHostMissingHint: '加入後，其他成員才能透過此 Mesh 連線至本機分享的任務。',
+  },
+  en: {
+    title: 'Peer Mesh',
+    experimental: 'Experimental',
+    failed: 'Peer Mesh operation failed',
+    invalidResult: 'Peer Mesh returned an invalid result',
+    unknownError: 'Peer Mesh operation failed',
+    outcomeUnknown:
+      'The Host may have completed this operation. Its current state was refreshed; review it before trying again.',
+    invitationOutcomeUnknown:
+      'The Host may have created an invitation, but its one-time code was not returned and cannot be recovered. It will expire automatically; review the pending invitation count before creating another.',
+    outcomeUnknownRefreshFailed:
+      'The Host may have completed this operation, but its current state could not be refreshed. Reconnect and refresh before trying again.',
+    unavailable: 'Peer Mesh is unavailable for this endpoint',
+    loading: 'Loading Mesh status…',
+    checkingPeerConnection: "Checking this Runtime Host's peer connection…",
+    peerConnectionDisabled: 'Peer connectivity is not enabled for this Runtime Host',
+    peerConnectionDisabledHint:
+      'Enable it so this Host can create or join Meshes. The existing SSH connection remains available.',
+    peerConnectionDisableProfileFirst:
+      "This Host's Direct peer connection is in use. Disable it in the Host list before changing the listener.",
+    enablePeerConnection: 'Enable peer connectivity',
+    peerConnectionStarting: 'Peer connectivity is enabled; the Mesh endpoint is starting',
+    peerConnectionStartingHint: 'This normally takes a few seconds. You can also check again.',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequired: 'This Runtime Host version cannot manage Peer Mesh',
+    peerConnectionUpgradeRequiredHint: 'Update this Host before enabling peer connectivity.',
+    working: {
+      refresh: 'Refreshing Peer Mesh…',
+      create: 'Creating Mesh…',
+      join: 'Joining Mesh…',
+      invite: 'Preparing invitation…',
+      'add-host': 'Adding the Runtime Host to the Mesh…',
+      'enable-peer': 'Enabling peer connectivity for the Runtime Host…',
+      update: 'Updating Mesh…',
+      rename: 'Saving name…',
+    },
+    settling: 'Confirming the final state…',
+    endpoint: 'Manage endpoint',
+    desktopEndpoint: 'Desktop Client',
+    hostEndpoint: 'Local Runtime Host',
+    desktopEndpointHelp: 'This Client connects to Runtime Hosts in the Mesh.',
+    hostEndpointHelp: 'Add this Host so other members can reach tasks shared from this device.',
+    advancedSettings: 'Advanced settings',
+    technicalDetails: 'Identity and connectivity details',
+    connectivityAutomatic: 'Automatic connectivity (recommended)',
+    connectivityKnownRoutesOnly: 'Known routes only',
+    connectivityCustom: 'Custom address discovery',
+    restartRequired: 'Restart required',
+    adaptiveConnectivity: 'Adaptive connectivity',
+    adaptiveConnectivityHelp:
+      'Maka races available direct paths automatically and uses approved member transit when needed. You do not choose a transport protocol here.',
+    connectivityPolicyLoading: 'Loading connectivity policy…',
+    connectivityPolicyLoadFailed: 'Could not load connectivity policy',
+    connectivityPolicySaveFailed: 'Could not save connectivity policy',
+    restoreDefaultConnectivityPolicy: 'Restore defaults',
+    connectivityPolicyRestartRequired:
+      'Restart Maka to apply saved connectivity-policy changes to new connections.',
+    publicAddressDiscovery: 'Public address discovery',
+    publicStunDefault: 'Public STUN (recommended)',
+    publicStunDisabled: 'No public STUN',
+    publicStunCustom: 'Custom STUN',
+    customStunUrls: 'STUN addresses',
+    customStunUrlsInvalid:
+      'Enter up to 8 comma-separated stun:host[:port] addresses.',
+    publicStunDefaultHelp:
+      'Uses Cloudflare public STUN on a best-effort basis to discover public mappings. It never carries Maka traffic, but the provider can observe source IPs and request timing; Maka provides no availability guarantee.',
+    publicStunDisabledHelp:
+      'Only local addresses and other known direct paths are attempted; direct connectivity across NAT may be reduced.',
+    publicStunCustomHelp:
+      'Enter comma-separated stun: addresses. STUN discovers network addresses and never carries Session content.',
+    saveConnectivityPolicy: 'Save changes',
+    peerId: 'Peer ID',
+    peerIdHelp: 'Technical identity for this endpoint. Select the ID to copy its full value.',
+    meshId: 'Mesh ID',
+    meshIdHelp: 'Used to identify and diagnose this Mesh. Select the ID to copy its full value.',
+    thisRuntimeHost: 'This Runtime Host',
+    thisDesktop: 'This Desktop',
+    displayName: 'Name shown in the Mesh',
+    meshDisplayName: 'Mesh name',
+    unnamedMesh: 'Unnamed Mesh',
+    rename: 'Rename',
+    renameMesh: 'Rename Mesh',
+    save: 'Save',
+    peerIdCopied: 'Peer ID copied',
+    meshIdCopied: 'Mesh ID copied',
+    copyPeerId: (value: string) => `Copy full Peer ID: ${value}`,
+    copyMeshId: (value: string) => `Copy full Mesh ID: ${value}`,
+    empty: 'Build your first Mesh',
+    emptyHint: 'Create a new Mesh or join one with a one-time invitation.',
+    meshes: 'Meshes',
+    mesh: 'Mesh',
+    members: 'Members',
+    activeMeshCount: (value: number) => `${value} active`,
+    showClosedMeshes: (value: number) => `Show closed (${value})`,
+    noActiveMeshes: 'No active Meshes',
+    noActiveMeshesHint: 'Closed Meshes are hidden by default. Use the filter above to show them.',
+    authority: 'Owner',
+    member: 'Member',
+    closed: 'Closed',
+    memberCount: (value: number) => value === 1 ? '1 member' : `${value} members`,
+    pending: (value: number) => `${value} pending invites`,
+    transit: 'Member transit',
+    transitHelp: 'Let members of this Mesh connect through this device using its bandwidth.',
+    transitToggle: 'Provide transit for this Mesh',
+    transitStatus: 'Member transit status',
+    transitLimitsLabel: 'Member transit limits',
+    transitLimits: (value: PeerMeshQueryResult['transit']) =>
+      value
+        ? `Fixed limits: ${value.maxCircuitsPerPeer} circuits per member, ${formatHours(value.maxCircuitDurationSeconds)} per circuit, and ${formatMebibytes(value.maxCircuitBytes)}. Only one Mesh can be served at a time.`
+        : 'Member transit uses fixed resource limits. Only one Mesh can be served at a time.',
+    allowedMembers: 'Allowed members',
+    reservations: 'Reservations',
+    circuits: 'Circuits',
+    routeState: {
+      local: 'Local',
+      connecting: 'Connecting',
+      reachable: 'Reachable',
+      reconnecting: 'Reconnecting',
+      needs_repair: 'Needs a new invitation',
+    },
+    endpointKind: {
+      client: 'Client',
+      host: 'Runtime Host',
+      unknown: 'Unidentified peer',
+    },
+    endpointKindHelp: {
+      client: 'A Client is the interface that connects to Hosts, browses tasks, and starts actions. It does not own tasks.',
+      host: 'A Runtime Host owns tasks and runtime state, and executes authorized work.',
+      unknown: 'This peer has not reported whether it is a Client or Runtime Host, usually because it uses an older build.',
+    },
+    joinTitle: 'Join a Mesh',
+    joinHint: 'Paste a one-time invitation created by another peer.',
+    joinCode: 'Invitation',
+    join: 'Join',
+    joinMesh: 'Join Mesh',
+    invite: 'Invite member',
+    invitationTitle: 'Invite a member',
+    invitationFor: (value: string) => `Mesh ${value}`,
+    invitationWarning:
+      'This code works once. Anyone holding it can admit one peer to this Mesh.',
+    invitationDirectOnly:
+      'No coordination peer is available yet. This invitation contains direct routes only and may not work across NATs.',
+    invitationExpires: (value: string) => `Expires ${value}`,
+    invitationCopied: 'Invitation copied',
+    copyInvitation: 'Copy invitation',
+    create: 'Create Mesh',
+    refresh: 'Refresh',
+    back: 'Back',
+    leave: 'Leave Mesh',
+    closeMesh: 'Close Mesh',
+    remove: 'Remove member',
+    cancel: 'Cancel',
+    closeConfirm: 'Close this Mesh?',
+    leaveConfirm: 'Leave this Mesh?',
+    removeConfirm: 'Remove this member?',
+    meshActions: 'Mesh actions',
+    memberActions: (peerId: string) => `Actions for ${peerId}`,
+    addLocalHost: 'Add local Runtime Host',
+    localRuntimeHost: 'Runtime Host',
+    localHostMissing: 'Local Runtime Host has not joined',
+    localHostMissingHint:
+      'Add it so other members can reach tasks shared from this device through the Mesh.',
+  },
+} satisfies UiCatalog<PeerMeshCopy>;
+
+export function getPeerMeshCopy(locale: UiLocale): PeerMeshCopy {
+  return PEER_MESH_COPY[locale];
+}
+
+function formatHours(seconds: number): string {
+  return `${seconds / 3_600}h`;
+}
+
+function formatMebibytes(bytes: number): string {
+  return `${bytes / (1024 * 1024)} MiB`;
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/settings-projects-copy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/settings-projects-copy.ts
index c393ee1f08..729f7bb33c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/settings-projects-copy.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/settings-projects-copy.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ export type SettingsProjectsCopy = {
     saveAndEnable: string;
     defaultBadge: string;
     experimentalBadge: string;
+    peerIdCopyFailed: string;
+    peerPathDirect: string;
+    peerPathTransit: string;
+    peerPathTransportOther: string;
     defaultDisableHelp: string;
     unavailable: string;
     manage: string;
@@ -423,6 +427,10 @@ const SETTINGS_PROJECTS_COPY_BY_LOCALE = {
       saveAndEnable: '保存并启用',
       defaultBadge: '默认',
       experimentalBadge: '实验性',
+      peerIdCopyFailed: '无法复制 Peer ID',
+      peerPathDirect: '直连',
+      peerPathTransit: '成员转发',
+      peerPathTransportOther: '其他',
       defaultDisableHelp: '先选择另一个默认 Host，才能停用此 Host',
       unavailable: '无法连接',
       manage: '管理',
@@ -732,6 +740,10 @@ const SETTINGS_PROJECTS_COPY_BY_LOCALE = {
       credentialHelp: '在遠端機器使用 desktop-client preset 簽發',
       saveAndEnable: '儲存並啟用',
       defaultBadge: '預設',
+      peerIdCopyFailed: '無法複製 Peer ID',
+      peerPathDirect: '直接連線',
+      peerPathTransit: '成員轉送',
+      peerPathTransportOther: '其他',
       defaultDisableHelp: '先選擇另一個預設 Host，才能停用此 Host',
       unavailable: '無法連線',
       manage: '管理',
@@ -1043,6 +1055,10 @@ const SETTINGS_PROJECTS_COPY_BY_LOCALE = {
       saveAndEnable: 'Save and enable',
       defaultBadge: 'Default',
       experimentalBadge: 'Experimental',
+      peerIdCopyFailed: 'Could not copy Peer ID',
+      peerPathDirect: 'Direct',
+      peerPathTransit: 'Member transit',
+      peerPathTransportOther: 'Other',
       defaultDisableHelp: 'Choose another default Host before disabling this Host',
       unavailable: 'Unavailable',
       manage: 'Manage',
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/task-readiness-copy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/task-readiness-copy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c66a86515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/locales/task-readiness-copy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+
+export interface TaskReadinessCopy {
+  readonly runtime: {
+    readonly title: string;
+    readonly description: string;
+    readonly actionLabel: string;
+  };
+  readonly workspace: {
+    readonly title: string;
+    readonly description: string;
+    readonly actionLabel: Record<'workspace_picker' | 'retry', string>;
+  };
+}
+
+const TASK_READINESS_COPY = {
+  'zh-CN': {
+    runtime: {
+      title: 'Maka 运行服务暂时不可用。',
+      description: '任务尚未提交。重新检测运行服务后再试。',
+      actionLabel: '重新检测',
+    },
+    workspace: {
+      title: '当前任务的工作区不可用。',
+      description: '原目录可能已移动、删除或无法访问。请选择可用工作区。',
+      actionLabel: { workspace_picker: '选择工作区', retry: '重新检测' },
+    },
+  },
+  'zh-TW': {
+    runtime: {
+      title: 'Maka 執行服務暫時無法使用。',
+      description: '任務尚未送出。重新檢查執行服務後再試。',
+      actionLabel: '重新檢查',
+    },
+    workspace: {
+      title: '目前任務的工作區無法使用。',
+      description: '原始資料夾可能已移動、刪除或無法存取。請選擇可用的工作區。',
+      actionLabel: { workspace_picker: '選擇工作區', retry: '重新檢查' },
+    },
+  },
+  en: {
+    runtime: {
+      title: 'The Maka runtime is unavailable.',
+      description: 'The task was not submitted. Check the runtime again before retrying.',
+      actionLabel: 'Check again',
+    },
+    workspace: {
+      title: 'This task workspace is unavailable.',
+      description: 'The folder may have moved, been deleted, or become inaccessible. Choose an available workspace.',
+      actionLabel: { workspace_picker: 'Choose workspace', retry: 'Check again' },
+    },
+  },
+} satisfies UiCatalog<TaskReadinessCopy>;
+
+export function getTaskReadinessCopy(locale: UiLocale): TaskReadinessCopy {
+  return TASK_READINESS_COPY[locale];
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/mcp-catalog.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/mcp-catalog.ts
index 9d5b834ecf..09b15f47ef 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/mcp-catalog.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/mcp-catalog.ts
@@ -17,18 +17,15 @@
  * under the License.
  */
 
-import type { UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
+import type { UiCatalog, UiLocale } from '@maka/core/ui-locale';
 import type { McpServerConfig } from '@maka/core/mcp';
 
 export type McpCatalogId =
   | 'dingtalk' | 'feishu' | 'slack' | 'line' | 'notion' | 'macos-apps' | 'google-calendar'
   | 'figma' | 'vercel' | 'supabase' | 'filesystem' | 'memory' | 'playwright' | 'sequential-thinking';
 
-export type McpCatalogEntry = {
+type McpCatalogDefinition = {
   id: McpCatalogId;
-  name: string;
-  description: string;
-  category: string;
   /** Text fallback glyph for entries without a library brand mark (see
       mcp-brand-marks.tsx). Branded entries render their real mark instead, so
       they omit this. */
@@ -36,19 +33,14 @@ export type McpCatalogEntry = {
   aliases?: string[];
   config: McpServerConfig;
   setupRequired?: boolean;
-  setupLabel?: string;
   platform?: 'darwin';
 };
 
-export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
+export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogDefinition[] = [
   {
     id: 'dingtalk',
-    name: '钉钉',
-    description: '管理联系人、日历、待办与协作信息。',
-    category: '沟通协作',
     aliases: ['DingTalk'],
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 Client ID 与 Client Secret',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -62,12 +54,8 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'feishu',
-    name: '飞书',
-    description: '访问飞书文档、日历、消息与 OpenAPI。',
-    category: '沟通协作',
     aliases: ['Feishu', 'Lark'],
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 App ID 与 App Secret',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -77,12 +65,8 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'slack',
-    name: 'Slack',
-    description: '发送消息、管理频道并与 Slack workspace 协作。',
-    category: '沟通协作',
     mark: 'S',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 Bot Token 与 Team ID',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -92,12 +76,8 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'line',
-    name: 'LINE',
-    description: '通过 LINE Bot Messaging API 发送和管理消息。',
-    category: '沟通协作',
     mark: 'LINE',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 Channel Access Token',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -107,32 +87,21 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'notion',
-    name: 'Notion',
-    description: '搜索、读取和更新 Notion workspace。',
-    category: '知识与文档',
     mark: 'N',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要登录授权',
     config: { enabled: false, url: 'https://mcp.notion.com/mcp', transport: 'streamable-http', protocol: 'auto' },
   },
   {
     id: 'macos-apps',
-    name: 'macOS 应用',
-    description: '连接系统日历与提醒事项，并使用原生权限模型。',
-    category: '系统与效率',
     aliases: ['Apple', 'Calendar', 'Reminders'],
     platform: 'darwin',
     config: { enabled: true, command: 'npx', args: ['-y', 'mcp-server-apple-events@1.4.0'] },
   },
   {
     id: 'google-calendar',
-    name: 'Google 日历',
-    description: '管理日程、创建会议并查询空闲时间。',
-    category: '系统与效率',
     mark: '31',
     aliases: ['Google Calendar'],
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 OAuth credentials 文件',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -142,12 +111,8 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'figma',
-    name: 'Figma',
-    description: '读取设计文件、组件与开发交付信息。',
-    category: '设计与开发',
     mark: 'F',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要 Personal Access Token',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -157,32 +122,20 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'vercel',
-    name: 'Vercel',
-    description: '检查项目、部署状态、日志与平台文档。',
-    category: '设计与开发',
     mark: '▲',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要登录授权',
     config: { enabled: false, url: 'https://mcp.vercel.com', transport: 'streamable-http', protocol: 'auto' },
   },
   {
     id: 'supabase',
-    name: 'Supabase',
-    description: '管理数据库、项目配置、迁移与 Edge Functions。',
-    category: '设计与开发',
     mark: 'S',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要登录授权',
     config: { enabled: false, url: 'https://mcp.supabase.com/mcp', transport: 'streamable-http', protocol: 'auto' },
   },
   {
     id: 'filesystem',
-    name: '本地文件',
-    description: '在指定目录中安全地读取、写入和管理文件。',
-    category: '文件与知识',
     mark: 'FS',
     setupRequired: true,
-    setupLabel: '需要选择允许访问的目录',
     config: {
       enabled: false,
       command: 'npx',
@@ -191,25 +144,16 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     id: 'memory',
-    name: '持久记忆',
-    description: '用结构化知识图谱记住实体、关系和重要事实。',
-    category: '文件与知识',
     mark: 'M',
     config: { enabled: true, command: 'npx', args: ['-y', '@modelcontextprotocol/server-memory'] },
   },
   {
     id: 'playwright',
-    name: '浏览器自动化',
-    description: '让 Maka 通过 Playwright 读取和操作真实网页。',
-    category: '设计与开发',
     mark: 'PW',
     config: { enabled: true, command: 'npx', args: ['-y', '@playwright/mcp@latest'] },
   },
   {
     id: 'sequential-thinking',
-    name: '序列思考',
-    description: '为复杂问题提供可修正、可验证的结构化推理。',
-    category: '推理与规划',
     mark: 'ST',
     config: {
       enabled: true,
@@ -219,47 +163,68 @@ export const MCP_CATALOG: McpCatalogEntry[] = [
   },
 ];
 
-type McpCatalogLocalizedCopy = Pick<McpCatalogEntry, 'name' | 'description' | 'category'> & {
+type McpCatalogLocalizedCopy = {
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+  category: string;
   setupLabel: string | undefined;
 };
 
-const MCP_CATALOG_ENGLISH_COPY: Record<McpCatalogId, McpCatalogLocalizedCopy> = {
-  dingtalk: { name: 'DingTalk', description: 'Manage contacts, calendars, tasks, and collaboration data.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Client ID and Client Secret' },
-  feishu: { name: 'Feishu', description: 'Access Feishu documents, calendars, messages, and OpenAPI.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires App ID and App Secret' },
-  slack: { name: 'Slack', description: 'Send messages, manage channels, and collaborate in a Slack workspace.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Bot Token and Team ID' },
-  line: { name: 'LINE', description: 'Send and manage messages through the LINE Bot Messaging API.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Channel Access Token' },
-  notion: { name: 'Notion', description: 'Search, read, and update a Notion workspace.', category: 'Knowledge and documents', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
-  'macos-apps': { name: 'macOS apps', description: 'Connect Calendar and Reminders through native system permissions.', category: 'System and productivity', setupLabel: undefined },
-  'google-calendar': { name: 'Google Calendar', description: 'Manage events, create meetings, and check availability.', category: 'System and productivity', setupLabel: 'Requires an OAuth credentials file' },
-  figma: { name: 'Figma', description: 'Read design files, components, and developer handoff data.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires a Personal Access Token' },
-  vercel: { name: 'Vercel', description: 'Inspect projects, deployments, logs, and platform documentation.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
-  supabase: { name: 'Supabase', description: 'Manage databases, project configuration, migrations, and Edge Functions.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
-  filesystem: { name: 'Local files', description: 'Safely read, write, and manage files in selected directories.', category: 'Files and knowledge', setupLabel: 'Requires selecting allowed directories' },
-  memory: { name: 'Persistent memory', description: 'Remember entities, relationships, and important facts in a structured knowledge graph.', category: 'Files and knowledge', setupLabel: undefined },
-  playwright: { name: 'Browser automation', description: 'Let Maka read and operate real web pages through Playwright.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: undefined },
-  'sequential-thinking': { name: 'Sequential thinking', description: 'Provide revisable, verifiable structured reasoning for complex problems.', category: 'Reasoning and planning', setupLabel: undefined },
-};
+export type McpCatalogEntry = McpCatalogDefinition & McpCatalogLocalizedCopy;
 
-const MCP_CATALOG_TRADITIONAL_COPY: Record<McpCatalogId, McpCatalogLocalizedCopy> = {
-  dingtalk: { name: 'DingTalk', description: '管理聯絡人、行事曆、任務和協作資料。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Client ID 和 Client Secret' },
-  feishu: { name: '飛書', description: '存取飛書文件、行事曆、訊息和 OpenAPI。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 App ID 和 App Secret' },
-  slack: { name: 'Slack', description: '傳送訊息、管理頻道，並在 Slack 工作區協作。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Bot Token 和 Team ID' },
-  line: { name: 'LINE', description: '透過 LINE Bot Messaging API 傳送和管理訊息。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Channel Access Token' },
-  notion: { name: 'Notion', description: '搜尋、讀取和更新 Notion 工作區。', category: '知識與文件', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
-  'macos-apps': { name: 'macOS 應用程式', description: '透過原生系統權限連接「行事曆」與「提醒事項」。', category: '系統與生產力', setupLabel: undefined },
-  'google-calendar': { name: 'Google 日曆', description: '管理活動、建立會議並檢查可用時間。', category: '系統與生產力', setupLabel: '需要 OAuth 憑證檔案' },
-  figma: { name: 'Figma', description: '讀取設計檔案、元件和開發交付資料。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要 Personal Access Token' },
-  vercel: { name: 'Vercel', description: '檢查專案、部署、記錄和平台文件。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
-  supabase: { name: 'Supabase', description: '管理資料庫、專案設定、移轉和 Edge Functions。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
-  filesystem: { name: '本機檔案', description: '在選取的資料夾中安全地讀取、寫入和管理檔案。', category: '檔案與知識', setupLabel: '需要選擇允許存取的資料夾' },
-  memory: { name: '持久記憶', description: '使用結構化知識圖譜記住實體、關係和重要事實。', category: '檔案與知識', setupLabel: undefined },
-  playwright: { name: '瀏覽器自動化', description: '讓 Maka 透過 Playwright 讀取和操作實際網頁。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: undefined },
-  'sequential-thinking': { name: '循序思考', description: '為複雜問題提供可修正、可驗證的結構化推理。', category: '推理與規劃', setupLabel: undefined },
-};
+const MCP_CATALOG_COPY = {
+  'zh-CN': {
+    dingtalk: { name: '钉钉', description: '管理联系人、日历、待办与协作信息。', category: '沟通协作', setupLabel: '需要 Client ID 与 Client Secret' },
+    feishu: { name: '飞书', description: '访问飞书文档、日历、消息与 OpenAPI。', category: '沟通协作', setupLabel: '需要 App ID 与 App Secret' },
+    slack: { name: 'Slack', description: '发送消息、管理频道并与 Slack workspace 协作。', category: '沟通协作', setupLabel: '需要 Bot Token 与 Team ID' },
+    line: { name: 'LINE', description: '通过 LINE Bot Messaging API 发送和管理消息。', category: '沟通协作', setupLabel: '需要 Channel Access Token' },
+    notion: { name: 'Notion', description: '搜索、读取和更新 Notion workspace。', category: '知识与文档', setupLabel: '需要登录授权' },
+    'macos-apps': { name: 'macOS 应用', description: '连接系统日历与提醒事项，并使用原生权限模型。', category: '系统与效率', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'google-calendar': { name: 'Google 日历', description: '管理日程、创建会议并查询空闲时间。', category: '系统与效率', setupLabel: '需要 OAuth credentials 文件' },
+    figma: { name: 'Figma', description: '读取设计文件、组件与开发交付信息。', category: '设计与开发', setupLabel: '需要 Personal Access Token' },
+    vercel: { name: 'Vercel', description: '检查项目、部署状态、日志与平台文档。', category: '设计与开发', setupLabel: '需要登录授权' },
+    supabase: { name: 'Supabase', description: '管理数据库、项目配置、迁移与 Edge Functions。', category: '设计与开发', setupLabel: '需要登录授权' },
+    filesystem: { name: '本地文件', description: '在指定目录中安全地读取、写入和管理文件。', category: '文件与知识', setupLabel: '需要选择允许访问的目录' },
+    memory: { name: '持久记忆', description: '用结构化知识图谱记住实体、关系和重要事实。', category: '文件与知识', setupLabel: undefined },
+    playwright: { name: '浏览器自动化', description: '让 Maka 通过 Playwright 读取和操作真实网页。', category: '设计与开发', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'sequential-thinking': { name: '序列思考', description: '为复杂问题提供可修正、可验证的结构化推理。', category: '推理与规划', setupLabel: undefined },
+  },
+  'zh-TW': {
+    dingtalk: { name: 'DingTalk', description: '管理聯絡人、行事曆、任務和協作資料。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Client ID 和 Client Secret' },
+    feishu: { name: '飛書', description: '存取飛書文件、行事曆、訊息和 OpenAPI。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 App ID 和 App Secret' },
+    slack: { name: 'Slack', description: '傳送訊息、管理頻道，並在 Slack 工作區協作。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Bot Token 和 Team ID' },
+    line: { name: 'LINE', description: '透過 LINE Bot Messaging API 傳送和管理訊息。', category: '通訊', setupLabel: '需要 Channel Access Token' },
+    notion: { name: 'Notion', description: '搜尋、讀取和更新 Notion 工作區。', category: '知識與文件', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
+    'macos-apps': { name: 'macOS 應用程式', description: '透過原生系統權限連接「行事曆」與「提醒事項」。', category: '系統與生產力', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'google-calendar': { name: 'Google 日曆', description: '管理活動、建立會議並檢查可用時間。', category: '系統與生產力', setupLabel: '需要 OAuth 憑證檔案' },
+    figma: { name: 'Figma', description: '讀取設計檔案、元件和開發交付資料。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要 Personal Access Token' },
+    vercel: { name: 'Vercel', description: '檢查專案、部署、記錄和平台文件。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
+    supabase: { name: 'Supabase', description: '管理資料庫、專案設定、移轉和 Edge Functions。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: '需要登入授權' },
+    filesystem: { name: '本機檔案', description: '在選取的資料夾中安全地讀取、寫入和管理檔案。', category: '檔案與知識', setupLabel: '需要選擇允許存取的資料夾' },
+    memory: { name: '持久記憶', description: '使用結構化知識圖譜記住實體、關係和重要事實。', category: '檔案與知識', setupLabel: undefined },
+    playwright: { name: '瀏覽器自動化', description: '讓 Maka 透過 Playwright 讀取和操作實際網頁。', category: '設計與開發', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'sequential-thinking': { name: '循序思考', description: '為複雜問題提供可修正、可驗證的結構化推理。', category: '推理與規劃', setupLabel: undefined },
+  },
+  en: {
+    dingtalk: { name: 'DingTalk', description: 'Manage contacts, calendars, tasks, and collaboration data.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Client ID and Client Secret' },
+    feishu: { name: 'Feishu', description: 'Access Feishu documents, calendars, messages, and OpenAPI.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires App ID and App Secret' },
+    slack: { name: 'Slack', description: 'Send messages, manage channels, and collaborate in a Slack workspace.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Bot Token and Team ID' },
+    line: { name: 'LINE', description: 'Send and manage messages through the LINE Bot Messaging API.', category: 'Communication', setupLabel: 'Requires Channel Access Token' },
+    notion: { name: 'Notion', description: 'Search, read, and update a Notion workspace.', category: 'Knowledge and documents', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
+    'macos-apps': { name: 'macOS apps', description: 'Connect Calendar and Reminders through native system permissions.', category: 'System and productivity', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'google-calendar': { name: 'Google Calendar', description: 'Manage events, create meetings, and check availability.', category: 'System and productivity', setupLabel: 'Requires an OAuth credentials file' },
+    figma: { name: 'Figma', description: 'Read design files, components, and developer handoff data.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires a Personal Access Token' },
+    vercel: { name: 'Vercel', description: 'Inspect projects, deployments, logs, and platform documentation.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
+    supabase: { name: 'Supabase', description: 'Manage databases, project configuration, migrations, and Edge Functions.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: 'Requires sign-in authorization' },
+    filesystem: { name: 'Local files', description: 'Safely read, write, and manage files in selected directories.', category: 'Files and knowledge', setupLabel: 'Requires selecting allowed directories' },
+    memory: { name: 'Persistent memory', description: 'Remember entities, relationships, and important facts in a structured knowledge graph.', category: 'Files and knowledge', setupLabel: undefined },
+    playwright: { name: 'Browser automation', description: 'Let Maka read and operate real web pages through Playwright.', category: 'Design and development', setupLabel: undefined },
+    'sequential-thinking': { name: 'Sequential thinking', description: 'Provide revisable, verifiable structured reasoning for complex problems.', category: 'Reasoning and planning', setupLabel: undefined },
+  },
+} satisfies UiCatalog<Record<McpCatalogId, McpCatalogLocalizedCopy>>;
 
 export function getMcpCatalog(locale: UiLocale): McpCatalogEntry[] {
-  if (locale === 'zh-CN') return MCP_CATALOG;
-  const copy = locale === 'zh-TW' ? MCP_CATALOG_TRADITIONAL_COPY : MCP_CATALOG_ENGLISH_COPY;
+  const copy = MCP_CATALOG_COPY[locale];
   return MCP_CATALOG.map((entry) => ({ ...entry, ...copy[entry.id] }));
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-form.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-form.tsx
index 1588995847..339cebc7a6 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-form.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-form.tsx
@@ -179,11 +179,7 @@ export function AddProviderForm(props: {
   // a locale in the assertion.
   function issueMessage(issue: AddProviderIssue): string {
     if (issue.field === 'slug') {
-      return issue.reason === 'duplicate'
-        ? copy.duplicateSlug
-        : locale === 'zh-CN'
-          ? issue.detail
-          : copy.invalidSlug;
+      return issue.reason === 'duplicate' ? copy.duplicateSlug : copy.slugIssues[issue.detail];
     }
     if (issue.field === 'apiKey') return copy.keyRequired(display.name);
     if (issue.field === 'accountId') return copy.cloudflareAccount;
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-submission.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-submission.ts
index 0006ff54fe..bea9ea9b75 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-submission.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/provider-add-submission.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ import {
   type ModelInfo,
   type ProviderType,
 } from '@maka/core/llm-connections';
-import type { CreateConnectionInput, IdentifiedLlmConnection } from '@maka/core/llm-connections';
+import type {
+  CreateConnectionInput,
+  IdentifiedLlmConnection,
+  SlugValidationIssue,
+} from '@maka/core/llm-connections';
 export type ApiKeyOnboardingRoute =
   | { readonly kind: 'host' }
   | {
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ export function initialOnboardingModelIds(
 export type AddProviderField = 'slug' | 'apiKey' | 'accountId' | 'baseUrl' | 'form';
 
 export type AddProviderIssue =
-  | { readonly field: 'slug'; readonly reason: 'invalid'; readonly detail: string }
+  | { readonly field: 'slug'; readonly reason: 'invalid'; readonly detail: SlugValidationIssue }
   | { readonly field: 'slug'; readonly reason: 'duplicate' }
   | { readonly field: 'apiKey'; readonly reason: 'required' }
   | { readonly field: 'accountId'; readonly reason: 'required' }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/runtime-host-profiles-section.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/runtime-host-profiles-section.tsx
index 49fbb8ac3f..8f99f5ca46 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/runtime-host-profiles-section.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/settings/runtime-host-profiles-section.tsx
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ import {
 } from "@maka/ui";
 import { Cpu, ICON_SIZE } from "@maka/ui/icons";
 import { getSettingsProjectsCopy } from "../locales/settings-projects-copy.js";
+import { getPeerMeshCopy } from "../locales/peer-mesh-copy.js";
+import type { UiLocale } from "@maka/core/ui-locale";
+
 import { PasswordInput } from "./password-input.js";
 import { settingsActionErrorMessage } from "./settings-error-copy.js";
 import { SettingsField, SettingsRow, SettingsSection } from "./settings-section.js";
@@ -59,7 +62,6 @@ import {
 } from './runtime-host-management-dialog.js';
 import {
   PeerMeshPeerIdButton,
-  getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy,
   RuntimeHostAddComputerMenu,
   RuntimeHostConnectionCodeDialog,
   RuntimeHostPairingRecoveryButton,
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ export function RuntimeHostProfilesSection(props: {
 }) {
   const locale = useUiLocale();
   const copy = getSettingsProjectsCopy(locale).runtimeHost;
-  const peerMeshCopy = getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy(locale);
+  const peerMeshCopy = getPeerMeshCopy(locale);
   const pairingActionCopy: RuntimeHostPairingActionCopy = {
     retry: copy.resolvePairingRecovery,
     retryFailed: copy.resolvePairingRecoveryFailed,
@@ -409,10 +411,10 @@ export function RuntimeHostProfilesSection(props: {
             localAccessEnabling
               ? copy.remoteAccessEnabling
               : localAccess?.state === 'unsupported'
-              ? localAccess.message
-              : localAccess?.state === 'unavailable'
                 ? localAccess.message
-                : copy.thisComputerRemoteAccessHelp
+                : localAccess?.state === 'unavailable'
+                  ? localAccess.message
+                  : copy.thisComputerRemoteAccessHelp
           }
           end={(
             <HStack gap={2} align="center">
@@ -672,7 +674,7 @@ export function RuntimeHostProfilesSection(props: {
                                 displayValue={abbreviatePeerId(profile.transport.reachability.lease.peerId)}
                                 copyLabel={peerMeshCopy.copyPeerId(profile.transport.reachability.lease.peerId)}
                                 copiedTitle={peerMeshCopy.peerIdCopied}
-                                failedTitle={peerMeshCopy.peerIdCopyFailed}
+                                failedTitle={copy.peerIdCopyFailed}
                                 errorMessage={(error) => settingsActionErrorMessage(error, locale)}
                                 className="settingsRuntimeHostPeerId"
                               />
@@ -695,13 +697,13 @@ export function RuntimeHostProfilesSection(props: {
                         <Badge variant="neutral" label={copy.unavailable} />
                       ) : null}
                       {entry.peerPath ? (
-                        <Tooltip content={peerPathDetail(entry.peerPath, peerMeshCopy)}>
+                        <Tooltip content={peerPathDetail(entry.peerPath, locale)}>
                           <span>
                             <Badge
                               variant="neutral"
                               label={entry.peerPath.kind === 'direct'
-                                ? peerMeshCopy.peerPathDirect
-                                : peerMeshCopy.peerPathTransit}
+                                ? copy.peerPathDirect
+                                : copy.peerPathTransit}
                             />
                           </span>
                         </Tooltip>
@@ -844,8 +846,9 @@ export function RuntimeHostProfilesSection(props: {
 
 function peerPathDetail(
   path: RuntimeHostPeerConnectionPath,
-  copy: ReturnType<typeof getRuntimeHostPeerMeshCopy>,
+  locale: UiLocale,
 ): string {
+  const copy = getSettingsProjectsCopy(locale).runtimeHost;
   if (path.kind === 'transit') {
     return `${copy.peerPathTransit} · ${abbreviatePeerId(path.relayPeerId)}`;
   }
@@ -855,11 +858,10 @@ function peerPathDetail(
       ? 'QUIC'
       : path.transport === 'tcp'
         ? 'TCP'
-        : copy.peerPathOther;
+        : copy.peerPathTransportOther;
   return `${copy.peerPathDirect} · ${transport}`;
 }
 
-
 function abbreviatePeerId(peerId: string): string {
   return peerId.length <= 20 ? peerId : `${peerId.slice(0, 10)}…${peerId.slice(-6)}`;
 }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/stories/agent-graph-panel.stories.tsx b/apps/desktop/stories/agent-graph-panel.stories.tsx
index cb60e7647c..de038fb7f9 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/stories/agent-graph-panel.stories.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/stories/agent-graph-panel.stories.tsx
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ import type {
   AgentGraphClientOperator,
   AgentGraphClientSnapshot,
 } from '@maka/runtime/stream-graph-read-model';
-import { AgentGraphPanel, getAgentGraphPanelCopy } from '../src/renderer/agent-graph-panel';
+import { AgentGraphPanel } from '../src/renderer/agent-graph-panel';
+import { getAgentGraphPanelCopy } from '../src/renderer/locales/agent-graph-copy';
 import { withScopedMakaBridge } from './maka-bridge';
 
 // Fidelity convention (#1433): every story names the real app path that
diff --git a/packages/core/src/__tests__/llm-connections.test.ts b/packages/core/src/__tests__/llm-connections.test.ts
index 97cce94cb9..5399065a50 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/__tests__/llm-connections.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/__tests__/llm-connections.test.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   providerAuthSupportsApiKey,
   reconcileConnectionAfterModelFetch,
   validateConnectionBaseUrl,
+  validateSlug,
   type IdentifiedLlmConnection,
   type ProviderType,
 } from '../llm-connections.js';
@@ -58,6 +59,17 @@ function chatModelChoicesFor(
   );
 }
 
+test('slug validation returns stable issues and preserves format and length boundaries', () => {
+  for (const slug of ['', '  ']) assert.equal(validateSlug(slug), 'required');
+  for (const slug of ['A-slug', 'with space', '-slug', 'slug-', 'a']) {
+    assert.equal(validateSlug(slug), 'format', slug);
+  }
+  assert.equal(validateSlug('a'.repeat(65)), 'too_long');
+  for (const slug of ['ab', 'valid-slug-1', 'a'.repeat(64)]) {
+    assert.equal(validateSlug(slug), null, slug);
+  }
+});
+
 test('connection base URLs allow HTTP(S) and reject unsafe or malformed inputs', () => {
   assert.equal(validateConnectionBaseUrl(undefined), null);
   assert.equal(validateConnectionBaseUrl('https://api.example.com/v1'), null);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/__tests__/runtime-policy-codec.test.ts b/packages/core/src/__tests__/runtime-policy-codec.test.ts
index d6aba85a60..021f5d792a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/__tests__/runtime-policy-codec.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/__tests__/runtime-policy-codec.test.ts
@@ -218,6 +218,29 @@ test('normalizes catalog inputs while canonical entries reject noncanonical endp
   );
 });
 
+for (const [slug, detail] of [
+  ['', 'Slug is required'],
+  ['Not A Slug', 'Slug must be lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens'],
+  ['a'.repeat(65), 'Slug must be 64 characters or fewer'],
+]) {
+  test(`catalog decoding preserves the diagnostic: ${detail}`, () => {
+    assert.throws(
+      () =>
+        decodeCanonicalConnectionCatalogEntry({
+          connectionId: '123e4567-e89b-42d3-a456-426614174000',
+          revision: 1,
+          slug,
+          name: 'OpenAI',
+          providerType: 'openai',
+          enabled: true,
+          enabledModelIds: [],
+          models: [],
+        }),
+      { name: 'RuntimePolicyDomainDecodeError', message: `connection slug: ${detail}` },
+    );
+  });
+}
+
 test('rejects new connections for the retired Gemini CLI account provider', () => {
   assert.throws(
     () =>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/llm-connections.ts b/packages/core/src/llm-connections.ts
index b17ffff8ed..3a15f5c2e5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/llm-connections.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/llm-connections.ts
@@ -567,12 +567,12 @@ export function effectiveBaseUrl(c: Pick<LlmConnection, 'providerType' | 'baseUr
   return providerDefaultsOf(c.providerType)?.baseUrl ?? '';
 }
 
-export function validateSlug(slug: string): string | null {
-  if (!slug.trim()) return 'Slug is required';
-  if (!/^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]$/.test(slug)) {
-    return 'Slug must be lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens';
-  }
-  if (slug.length > 64) return 'Slug must be 64 characters or fewer';
+export type SlugValidationIssue = 'required' | 'format' | 'too_long';
+
+export function validateSlug(slug: string): SlugValidationIssue | null {
+  if (!slug.trim()) return 'required';
+  if (!/^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]$/.test(slug)) return 'format';
+  if (slug.length > 64) return 'too_long';
   return null;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime-policy/connection-catalog-codec.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime-policy/connection-catalog-codec.ts
index 67c5796987..766ce2d3f4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/runtime-policy/connection-catalog-codec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/runtime-policy/connection-catalog-codec.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import {
   validateSlug,
   type ModelModality,
   type ProviderType,
+  type SlugValidationIssue,
 } from '../llm-connections.js';
 import {
   CONNECTION_MODEL_DESCRIPTION_MAX_LENGTH,
@@ -756,7 +757,14 @@ export function normalizeConnectionModelDiscoveryResult(
 export function decodeConnectionSlug(value: unknown): string {
   if (typeof value !== 'string') throw domainError('connection slug must be a string');
   const error = validateSlug(value);
-  if (error) throw domainError(`connection slug: ${error}`);
+  if (error) {
+    const messages = {
+      required: 'Slug is required',
+      format: 'Slug must be lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens',
+      too_long: 'Slug must be 64 characters or fewer',
+    } satisfies Record<SlugValidationIssue, string>;
+    throw domainError(`connection slug: ${messages[error]}`);
+  }
   return value;
 }