From e87aa2002840a649f581262021d07dd85221adb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ishu86 <112744711+ishu86@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2026 07:05:31 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Anonymous usage stats, opt-out with CASE_TELEMETRY=0

cased sends three events to PostHog: install_ping at boot,
install_heartbeat once per UTC day from the sweeper, and run_completed
from the scheduler. Each carries a random install id (persisted in
$CASE_HOME/telemetry.json), counts of computers, credentials, schedules
and recent runs, and for run_completed the status, kind, duration and
whether a screenshot was captured. Never a name, prompt, domain,
credential, hostname or path.

Off with CASE_TELEMETRY=0 or DO_NOT_TRACK=1, and off automatically
inside test runs. Sends are daemon threads with a 5 s timeout and
never raise.
---
 README.md                  |   5 ++
 control-plane/cased.py     |   5 ++
 control-plane/scheduler.py |   9 ++-
 control-plane/store.py     |  14 +++++
 control-plane/telemetry.py | 114 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_telemetry.py    | 113 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 259 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 control-plane/telemetry.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_telemetry.py

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ead692a..d093fa3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -88,6 +88,11 @@ The defaults are enough to try Case locally. Optional settings are listed in
 `compose.yaml`, then run `docker compose up -d` to apply changes. Edit an existing
 `.env` rather than replacing it.
 
+Case sends a few anonymous numbers that help us see what breaks: a random install
+id, how many computers and schedules exist, and whether scheduled runs succeed.
+Never a name, prompt, domain or credential. Turn it off with `CASE_TELEMETRY=0`
+(or `DO_NOT_TRACK=1`) in `.env`.
+
 <a id="stop-and-start-again"></a>
 <details>
 <summary>Stop and start again</summary>
diff --git a/control-plane/cased.py b/control-plane/cased.py
index 7f4e49b..87235ea 100644
--- a/control-plane/cased.py
+++ b/control-plane/cased.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 import login_flow
 import scheduler
 import session_keeper
+import telemetry
 from config import (API_BASE, AUDIT_DIR, BIND_HOST, BIND_PORT, IMAGE, MAX_COMPUTER_RAM_MB,
                     MAX_CPUS, MAX_RAM_MB, MAX_RUNNING, MIN_CPUS, MIN_RAM_MB, RUNS_DIR,
                     VNC_PORT, log)
@@ -65,6 +66,9 @@ async def lifespan(_app):
     notifier.listen(handoffs.on_ntfy_answer)
     log.info("cased up on %s (image=%s, max_running=%d, max_ram_mb=%d, captcha_auto=%s)",
              API_BASE, IMAGE, MAX_RUNNING, MAX_RAM_MB, "on" if captcha.enabled() else "off")
+    log.info("usage stats %s", "on (anonymous; CASE_TELEMETRY=0 to turn off)"
+             if telemetry.ENABLED else "off")
+    telemetry.install_ping()
     yield
     # SIGTERM (docker compose down, systemctl stop): park the desktops. They are not
     # compose services, so nothing else would.
@@ -1101,6 +1105,7 @@ def sweeper():
                 prune_old_audit_files()
                 store.prune_terminal_handoffs(cutoff)
             scheduler.fire_due_schedules(_spawn)
+            telemetry.heartbeat_if_due()   # at most one event per UTC day
             # preflight persistent session health: it drives desks over the network,
             # and a hung one must not stall reconcile or the schedule fire loop
             threading.Thread(target=session_keeper.tick, daemon=True).start()
diff --git a/control-plane/scheduler.py b/control-plane/scheduler.py
index 7abbabe..506e7f9 100644
--- a/control-plane/scheduler.py
+++ b/control-plane/scheduler.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import threading
+import time
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 from lifecycle import do_sleep, do_wake, get_computer
 from notify import notifier
 from store import store
+import telemetry
 from util import new_id, now
 
 SCHED_RUNNING = set()   # in-memory guard, fine while one cased process runs
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ def run_schedule(sid):
         tz = s["tz"] if "tz" in s.keys() else None
         # Reschedule FIRST so a hung/crashed run never wedges the slot.
         store.set_schedule_next(sid, compute_next(s["kind"], s["spec"], s["jitter_s"], tz))
-        cid, rid, started = s["computer_id"], new_id("run"), now()
+        cid, rid, started, t0 = s["computer_id"], new_id("run"), now(), time.monotonic()
         code, summary, status, artifact = -1, "", "fail", None
         # Only the run that woke an asleep box may put it back, never borrow a live session
         # (and never sleep under an active AuthAttempt; do_sleep also 409s as a belt).
@@ -241,6 +243,11 @@ def run_schedule(sid):
             shot = " 📸" if artifact else ""
             notifier.push(f"[{s['name']}] {status}: {summary[:200]}{shot}")
             emit("schedule.run", {"schedule": sid, "run": rid, "computer_id": cid, "status": status})
+            # status and shape only; the prompt and its output never leave the box
+            telemetry.capture("run_completed",
+                              {"status": status, "kind": s["kind"],
+                               "duration_s": int(time.monotonic() - t0),
+                               "had_artifact": bool(artifact)})
     finally:
         SCHED_RUNNING.discard(sid)
 
diff --git a/control-plane/store.py b/control-plane/store.py
index c8e4525..b6cab73 100644
--- a/control-plane/store.py
+++ b/control-plane/store.py
@@ -613,6 +613,20 @@ def list_all_runs(self, limit=50):
     def get_run(self, rid):
         return self.one("SELECT * FROM runs WHERE id=?", (rid,))
 
+    def telemetry_counts(self, since):
+        """Counts only: this leaves the box as anonymous usage stats. Nothing here
+        may become a name, prompt, domain or username."""
+        n = lambda sql, args=(): self.one(sql, args)["c"]
+        return {
+            "computers": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM computers"),
+            "credentials": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM credentials"),
+            "schedules": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM schedules"),
+            "schedules_enabled": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM schedules WHERE enabled=1"),
+            "runs_7d": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM runs WHERE started_at >= ?", (since,)),
+            "runs_ok_7d": n("SELECT COUNT(*) c FROM runs WHERE started_at >= ? "
+                            "AND status='ok'", (since,)),
+        }
+
     def prune_terminal_handoffs(self, cutoff):
         self.q("UPDATE handoffs SET screenshot=NULL WHERE screenshot IS NOT NULL "
                "AND status IN ('completed','answered','failed','expired')")
diff --git a/control-plane/telemetry.py b/control-plane/telemetry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07195ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/control-plane/telemetry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+"""Anonymous usage stats that help improve Case.
+
+Three events: install_ping (boot), install_heartbeat (once per UTC day), and
+run_completed (did a scheduled run work). Each carries a random install id and a
+handful of counts. Never a name, prompt, domain, URL, username, or anything from
+the vault.
+
+Opt out with CASE_TELEMETRY=0 or DO_NOT_TRACK=1: nothing is sent and no id is
+minted. The id lives in plain JSON at $CASE_HOME/telemetry.json; delete the file
+to reset it.
+
+Every send is a daemon thread with a short timeout, so a slow or missing network
+never delays a request or a boot. Failures are dropped at debug level.
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import requests
+
+from config import CASE_HOME, log
+from store import store
+from util import now
+
+URL = "https://bios.case.computer/i/v0/e/"   # our PostHog ingest proxy
+KEY = "phc_kQYe9hUva7ABjyDmvXxfiAuvJHqYNfB8QonRw9sBY4JH"   # public write-only token
+PATH = os.path.join(CASE_HOME, "telemetry.json")
+
+_CHOICE = (os.environ.get("CASE_TELEMETRY") or "").strip().lower()
+# The unit tests would otherwise ping on every run. CASE_TELEMETRY=1 is the
+# override tests/test_telemetry.py uses.
+_TEST_RUN = ("pytest" in sys.modules
+             or os.path.basename(sys.argv[0] or "").startswith("test_"))
+ENABLED = ((os.environ.get("DO_NOT_TRACK") or "").strip().lower() not in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
+           and _CHOICE not in ("0", "false", "no", "off")
+           and (not _TEST_RUN or _CHOICE in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")))
+_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def _load():
+    try:
+        with open(PATH) as f:
+            s = json.load(f)
+        if isinstance(s, dict) and s.get("install_id"):
+            return s
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    s = {"install_id": uuid.uuid4().hex, "first_seen": now()}
+    _save(s)
+    return s
+
+
+def _save(s):
+    os.makedirs(CASE_HOME, exist_ok=True)
+    tmp = PATH + ".tmp"
+    with open(tmp, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(s, f, indent=2)
+    os.replace(tmp, PATH)
+
+
+def _age_days(s):
+    try:
+        seen = datetime.strptime(s["first_seen"], "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+        return (datetime.now(timezone.utc).replace(tzinfo=None) - seen).days
+    except Exception:
+        return 0
+
+
+def counts():
+    since = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=7)).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    try:
+        return store.telemetry_counts(since)
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+
+
+def capture(event, props=None):
+    """Fire-and-forget: returns immediately, never raises."""
+    if not ENABLED:
+        return
+    threading.Thread(target=_send, args=(event, props or {}), daemon=True).start()
+
+
+def _send(event, props):
+    try:
+        s = _load()
+        properties = {**props, "self_host": True, "install_age_days": _age_days(s)}
+        requests.post(URL, timeout=5, json={
+            "api_key": KEY, "event": event, "distinct_id": s["install_id"],
+            "timestamp": now(), "properties": properties})
+    except Exception:
+        log.debug("usage stats %s dropped", event, exc_info=True)
+
+
+def install_ping():
+    capture("install_ping", counts())
+
+
+def heartbeat_if_due():
+    """Sweeper: at most one event per UTC day per install."""
+    if not ENABLED:
+        return
+    today = now()[:10]
+    with _LOCK:
+        s = _load()
+        if s.get("last_heartbeat_day") == today:
+            return
+        s["last_heartbeat_day"] = today
+        _save(s)
+    capture("install_heartbeat", counts())
diff --git a/tests/test_telemetry.py b/tests/test_telemetry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6a3c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_telemetry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+"""Usage stats: opt-out is real, the payload is anonymous, the heartbeat is daily.
+Run: .venv/bin/python tests/test_telemetry.py"""
+import importlib
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import unittest.mock as mock
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "control-plane"))
+HOME = "/tmp/case-telemetry-test"
+shutil.rmtree(HOME, ignore_errors=True)
+os.environ["CASE_HOME"] = HOME
+os.environ.pop("CASE_TELEMETRY", None)
+os.environ.pop("DO_NOT_TRACK", None)
+
+import telemetry  # noqa: E402
+from store import store  # noqa: E402
+
+# Everything a payload is allowed to carry. A new key here is a deliberate act:
+# usage stats leave the box, so anything not on this list is a leak.
+ALLOWED = {
+    "self_host", "install_age_days",
+    "computers", "credentials", "schedules", "schedules_enabled",
+    "runs_7d", "runs_ok_7d",                            # install_ping / heartbeat
+    "status", "kind", "duration_s", "had_artifact",     # run_completed
+}
+# The only string-valued properties, and the only values they may take.
+ENUMS = {"status": {"ok", "fail", "skipped"}, "kind": {"interval", "daily"}}
+
+
+def _on():
+    """Stats are off inside a test run by design; these tests opt back in."""
+    os.environ["CASE_TELEMETRY"] = "1"
+    t = importlib.reload(telemetry)
+    assert t.ENABLED
+    return t
+
+
+def test_off_by_default_inside_a_test_run():
+    os.environ.pop("CASE_TELEMETRY", None)
+    t = importlib.reload(telemetry)
+    assert not t.ENABLED, "the suite would ingest into the live PostHog project"
+
+
+def test_opt_out_sends_nothing():
+    for var in ("CASE_TELEMETRY", "DO_NOT_TRACK"):
+        os.environ["CASE_TELEMETRY"] = "1"          # the override the suite uses
+        os.environ[var] = "0" if var == "CASE_TELEMETRY" else "1"
+        t = importlib.reload(telemetry)
+        try:
+            assert not t.ENABLED, f"{var} did not disable usage stats"
+            with mock.patch.object(t.requests, "post") as post:
+                t.capture("run_completed", {"status": "ok"})
+                t.install_ping()
+                t.heartbeat_if_due()
+            assert not post.called, f"{var} set but a request went out"
+        finally:
+            os.environ.pop(var, None)
+            os.environ.pop("CASE_TELEMETRY", None)
+
+
+def test_payload_is_anonymous_and_the_id_is_stable():
+    t = _on()
+    with mock.patch.object(t.requests, "post") as post:
+        t._send("run_completed", {"status": "ok", "duration_s": 12,
+                                  "had_artifact": True, "kind": "daily"})
+        t._send("install_ping", t.counts())
+        bodies = [c.kwargs["json"] for c in post.call_args_list]
+    assert len(bodies) == 2
+    ids = {b["distinct_id"] for b in bodies}
+    assert len(ids) == 1 and len(ids.pop()) == 32, "install id must be one stable hex id"
+    for b in bodies:
+        assert set(b["properties"]) <= ALLOWED, \
+            f"unlisted property leaving the box: {set(b['properties']) - ALLOWED}"
+        for k, v in b["properties"].items():
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                assert v in ENUMS.get(k, ()), f"free-form string in payload: {k}={v!r}"
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(v, (bool, int)), f"{k}={v!r} is not a number"
+        assert b["api_key"] == t.KEY and b["event"]
+    # the id lives in a plain file the operator can read or delete
+    with open(t.PATH) as f:
+        assert len(json.load(f)["install_id"]) == 32
+
+
+def test_heartbeat_is_once_a_day():
+    t = _on()
+    with mock.patch.object(t, "capture") as cap:
+        t.heartbeat_if_due()
+        t.heartbeat_if_due()
+        assert cap.call_count == 1, "heartbeat fired twice in one day"
+        s = t._load()
+        s["last_heartbeat_day"] = "2000-01-01"
+        t._save(s)
+        t.heartbeat_if_due()
+        assert cap.call_count == 2, "heartbeat did not fire on a new day"
+
+
+def test_counts_are_counts():
+    c = store.telemetry_counts("2000-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+    assert set(c) == {"computers", "credentials", "schedules", "schedules_enabled",
+                      "runs_7d", "runs_ok_7d"}
+    assert all(type(v) is int for v in c.values()), c
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    for name, fn in sorted(globals().items()):
+        if name.startswith("test_"):
+            fn()
+            print("ok", name)
+    print("PASS")

From d54772b049431ed18f2cbebd2a107752310400d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ishu86 <112744711+ishu86@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2026 07:25:23 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Say the proxy sees the IP, and lock install id creation

Review follow-up: the README no longer calls the stats anonymous, since the ingest proxy sees the request IP like any web server. _load now holds the lock so two sends racing on a missing telemetry.json mint one id.
---
 README.md                  |  8 ++++----
 control-plane/cased.py     |  2 +-
 control-plane/telemetry.py | 26 ++++++++++++++------------
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d093fa3..ede43ec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ The defaults are enough to try Case locally. Optional settings are listed in
 `compose.yaml`, then run `docker compose up -d` to apply changes. Edit an existing
 `.env` rather than replacing it.
 
-Case sends a few anonymous numbers that help us see what breaks: a random install
-id, how many computers and schedules exist, and whether scheduled runs succeed.
-Never a name, prompt, domain or credential. Turn it off with `CASE_TELEMETRY=0`
-(or `DO_NOT_TRACK=1`) in `.env`.
+Case sends a few usage numbers that help us see what breaks: a random install id,
+how many computers and schedules exist, and whether scheduled runs succeed. Never
+a name, prompt, domain or credential. Like any web request it reaches our server
+with your IP. Turn it off with `CASE_TELEMETRY=0` (or `DO_NOT_TRACK=1`) in `.env`.
 
 <a id="stop-and-start-again"></a>
 <details>
diff --git a/control-plane/cased.py b/control-plane/cased.py
index 87235ea..f21c60e 100644
--- a/control-plane/cased.py
+++ b/control-plane/cased.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ async def lifespan(_app):
     notifier.listen(handoffs.on_ntfy_answer)
     log.info("cased up on %s (image=%s, max_running=%d, max_ram_mb=%d, captcha_auto=%s)",
              API_BASE, IMAGE, MAX_RUNNING, MAX_RAM_MB, "on" if captcha.enabled() else "off")
-    log.info("usage stats %s", "on (anonymous; CASE_TELEMETRY=0 to turn off)"
+    log.info("usage stats %s", "on (CASE_TELEMETRY=0 to turn off)"
              if telemetry.ENABLED else "off")
     telemetry.install_ping()
     yield
diff --git a/control-plane/telemetry.py b/control-plane/telemetry.py
index 07195ef..6e3229c 100644
--- a/control-plane/telemetry.py
+++ b/control-plane/telemetry.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
-"""Anonymous usage stats that help improve Case.
+"""Usage stats that help improve Case.
 
 Three events: install_ping (boot), install_heartbeat (once per UTC day), and
 run_completed (did a scheduled run work). Each carries a random install id and a
@@ -38,20 +38,22 @@
 ENABLED = ((os.environ.get("DO_NOT_TRACK") or "").strip().lower() not in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")
            and _CHOICE not in ("0", "false", "no", "off")
            and (not _TEST_RUN or _CHOICE in ("1", "true", "yes", "on")))
-_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+_LOCK = threading.RLock()
 
 
 def _load():
-    try:
-        with open(PATH) as f:
-            s = json.load(f)
-        if isinstance(s, dict) and s.get("install_id"):
-            return s
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-    s = {"install_id": uuid.uuid4().hex, "first_seen": now()}
-    _save(s)
-    return s
+    # Locked so two sends racing on a missing file mint one id, not two.
+    with _LOCK:
+        try:
+            with open(PATH) as f:
+                s = json.load(f)
+            if isinstance(s, dict) and s.get("install_id"):
+                return s
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        s = {"install_id": uuid.uuid4().hex, "first_seen": now()}
+        _save(s)
+        return s
 
 
 def _save(s):