diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts b/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
index df22d5cd..ae3b64e2 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ function _parsePatch(patchText: string): FilePatch[] {
             isEndOfFile = true;
             break;
           }
-          const marker = line[0];
+          // Like Codex, read a bare empty line as an empty context line.
+          const marker = line === "" ? " " : line[0];
           const content = line.slice(1);
           if (marker === " ") {
             oldLines.push(content);
@@ -243,19 +244,25 @@ function _applyHunks(
       replacements.push([lines.length, 0, hunk.newLines]);
       continue;
     }
-    const position = _findSequence(
-      lines,
-      hunk.oldLines,
-      lineIndex,
-      hunk.isEndOfFile
-    );
+    let oldLines = hunk.oldLines;
+    let newLines = hunk.newLines;
+    let position = _findSequence(lines, oldLines, lineIndex, hunk.isEndOfFile);
+    if (position < 0 && oldLines.at(-1) === "") {
+      // A trailing empty context line stands for the final newline, which the
+      // split above does not keep as a line. Retry without it, as Codex does.
+      oldLines = oldLines.slice(0, -1);
+      if (newLines.at(-1) === "") {
+        newLines = newLines.slice(0, -1);
+      }
+      position = _findSequence(lines, oldLines, lineIndex, hunk.isEndOfFile);
+    }
     if (position < 0) {
       throw new Error(
         `Failed to find expected lines in ${filePath}:\n${hunk.oldLines.join("\n")}`
       );
     }
-    replacements.push([position, hunk.oldLines.length, hunk.newLines]);
-    lineIndex = position + hunk.oldLines.length;
+    replacements.push([position, oldLines.length, newLines]);
+    lineIndex = position + oldLines.length;
   }
 
   for (const [position, oldLength, newLines] of replacements.reverse()) {
diff --git a/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts b/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
index 42bbf641..1f1d26df 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
@@ -146,6 +146,65 @@ describe("apply_patch built-in", () => {
     );
   });
 
+  test("treats bare blank lines in update hunks as empty context", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createWorkspace();
+    await fs.writeFile(
+      path.join(workspace, "main.py"),
+      "import os\n\ndef main():\n    return 1\n"
+    );
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(workspace, "other.txt"), "beta\n");
+
+    // Models and editors often drop the leading space from blank context lines
+    // and separate file sections with an empty line. Codex accepts both.
+    await applyPatch(
+      [
+        "*** Begin Patch",
+        "*** Update File: main.py",
+        "@@",
+        " import os",
+        "",
+        " def main():",
+        "-    return 1",
+        "+    return 2",
+        "",
+        "*** Update File: other.txt",
+        "@@",
+        "-beta",
+        "+BETA",
+        "*** End Patch",
+      ].join("\n"),
+      workspace
+    );
+
+    expect(await fs.readFile(path.join(workspace, "main.py"), "utf8")).toBe(
+      "import os\n\ndef main():\n    return 2\n"
+    );
+    expect(await fs.readFile(path.join(workspace, "other.txt"), "utf8")).toBe(
+      "BETA\n"
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("still rejects non-blank hunk lines without a diff marker", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createWorkspace();
+    const filePath = path.join(workspace, "example.txt");
+    await fs.writeFile(filePath, "one\ntwo\n");
+
+    expect(
+      applyPatch(
+        [
+          "*** Begin Patch",
+          "*** Update File: example.txt",
+          "@@",
+          " one",
+          "two",
+          "*** End Patch",
+        ].join("\n"),
+        workspace
+      )
+    ).rejects.toThrow("Invalid hunk line");
+    expect(await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf8")).toBe("one\ntwo\n");
+  });
+
   test("appends insertion-only hunks and normalizes a final newline", async () => {
     const workspace = await createWorkspace();
     const filePath = path.join(workspace, "example.txt");