diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts b/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
index df22d5cd..70d47e94 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/tools/built-in/apply-patch.ts
@@ -258,6 +258,9 @@ function _applyHunks(
     lineIndex = position + hunk.oldLines.length;
   }
 
+  // Insertion-only hunks target the end of the file regardless of their order
+  // in the patch, so apply every replacement from the bottom up by position.
+  replacements.sort((left, right) => left[0] - right[0]);
   for (const [position, oldLength, newLines] of replacements.reverse()) {
     lines.splice(position, oldLength, ...newLines);
   }
diff --git a/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts b/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
index 42bbf641..ac39a975 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/tests/tools/built-in/apply-patch.test.ts
@@ -163,6 +163,25 @@ describe("apply_patch built-in", () => {
     expect(await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf8")).toBe("first\nsecond\n");
   });
 
+  test("keeps insertion-only hunks at the end when a later hunk grows the file", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createWorkspace();
+    const filePath = path.join(workspace, "example.txt");
+    const original = "alpha\nbeta\ngamma\ndelta\n";
+    const expected = "alpha\nbeta one\nbeta two\ngamma\ndelta\nomega\n";
+    const insertion = "@@\n+omega";
+    const edit = "@@\n alpha\n-beta\n+beta one\n+beta two\n gamma";
+    const patch = (...hunks: string[]) =>
+      `*** Begin Patch\n*** Update File: example.txt\n${hunks.join("\n")}\n*** End Patch`;
+
+    await fs.writeFile(filePath, original, "utf8");
+    await applyPatch(patch(edit, insertion), workspace);
+    expect(await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf8")).toBe(expected);
+
+    await fs.writeFile(filePath, original, "utf8");
+    await applyPatch(patch(insertion, edit), workspace);
+    expect(await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf8")).toBe(expected);
+  });
+
   test("can remove the complete contents of a file", async () => {
     const workspace = await createWorkspace();
     const filePath = path.join(workspace, "example.txt");