diff --git a/.github/skills/refactor/SKILL.md b/.github/skills/refactor/SKILL.md
index d394a4d..e4fecc4 100644
--- a/.github/skills/refactor/SKILL.md
+++ b/.github/skills/refactor/SKILL.md
@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ def process_order(order):
     # process
     ...
 
+
 # After
 def _validate_order(order: dict) -> None:
     if not order.get("id"):
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ def _validate_order(order: dict) -> None:
     if order.get("amount", 0) <= 0:
         raise ValueError("amount must be positive")
 
+
 def process_order(order: dict) -> None:
     _validate_order(order)
     ...
@@ -259,6 +261,7 @@ def process(item):
                 return item.value * 2
     return None
 
+
 # After
 def process(item):
     if item is None:
@@ -289,8 +292,8 @@ if status_code == HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:
 
 ```python
 # Before
-def create_user(name, email, role, department, manager_id, start_date):
-    ...
+def create_user(name, email, role, department, manager_id, start_date): ...
+
 
 # After
 @dataclass
@@ -302,8 +305,8 @@ class CreateUserRequest:
     manager_id: str
     start_date: date
 
-def create_user(request: CreateUserRequest) -> User:
-    ...
+
+def create_user(request: CreateUserRequest) -> User: ...
 ```
 
 ## Step 5: Verify
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 96ef762..f0922e1 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -490,14 +490,14 @@ testing = ["coverage", "pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pre-commit"
-version = "4.6.0"
+version = "4.6.1"
 description = "A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.10"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pre_commit-4.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e2cf246f7299edcabcf15f9b0571fdce06058527f0a06535068a86d38089f29b"},
-    {file = "pre_commit-4.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:718d2208cef53fdc38206e40524a6d4d9576d103eb16f0fec11c875e7716e9d9"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-4.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0e3b2942510d1fb34eec167a3ec57331bf8442122f1153a9fb8b58f5c49b2717"},
+    {file = "pre_commit-4.6.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:03e809865c7d178b9979d06c761fcbfe6808fdaded8581a745bb110e52050421"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -684,30 +684,30 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.15.22"
+version = "0.16.0"
 description = "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "ruff-0.15.22-py3-none-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.whl", hash = "sha256:fabfd168afdf29fee5be98b831efa9683c94d7c5a3b58b9ce5a2e38444589a74"},
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-    {file = "ruff-0.15.22-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:e5ba0e4a13fd14abbed2a77b517a3911290c6c6c59ef67784328d1668fab76cf"},
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-    {file = "ruff-0.15.22-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:e1168075b72158510839f250027659cdd78476f40507dd517892304c41318661"},
-    {file = "ruff-0.15.22.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3f15175b1fb580126f58285a5dae6b2ea89000136d980c64499211f116b54809"},
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+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3c954b1d580bfa035b41654f7858cc7e71d5fc3ac5b723dd62bd9133830ed522"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:e01c21d10eb1b29f47b7454e1f4056db9a3f0260c646aa88457c610291db9f81"},
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+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:0ff4a79ce3ec0172f3241943835de1c4cb4e2dcd07f0f8c2d02603dbbbee4b17"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:e95c448fca1fb2a18372a9440926c5a6ee789639bb975c72e7ae6d0b04218ab4"},
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+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:7fab76fa065c873f41ff744347c6e77bcc3dfec4bcc754dc26b63d23c0f7f5fb"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:429c117f022bf481fabd9d551e7a3952b24c65e6ef44337ea09d90bebef14472"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:14296fedcd2705c77ab8235439278bbb38f285cf7da5528b00b3e330c3d4872d"},
+    {file = "ruff-0.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e460aafd5495ec89efaa6ced2e4a9a581116451e1c88b9d37ef497e0f8e93982"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -724,14 +724,14 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tox"
-version = "4.57.0"
+version = "4.58.0"
 description = "tox is a generic virtualenv management and test command line tool"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.10"
 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "tox-4.57.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ede907fa911b55cbf1e7dc823a5b455a164755a172124675b811210676ba31c2"},
-    {file = "tox-4.57.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b2f758011dfbad7be4b4cc39d2cae21deeb3c3c186e6d7a92d7630eade4218cf"},
+    {file = "tox-4.58.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:dcae21f5f015f3a67658e35644cce0d1aa0dedcd06f3927f95d84e1717f6cea5"},
+    {file = "tox-4.58.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ab0b126a04dd56bc18e6d216386db09335247f2289b54cf534deb5c4ae3a8d2e"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
@@ -795,4 +795,4 @@ python-discovery = ">=1.4.2"
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.11,<3.15"
-content-hash = "6a8bff1b6a29e4aae00570f9d8ce1f1f4a92bdb1004544e78532c0df79162960"
+content-hash = "b21fb8e66277176dc6941d63013fad3fd56461d6a8e2877c916af334aebf3e14"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 956db04..b9dd6c7 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ poetry-dynamic-versioning = { version = ">=1.10.0,<2.0.0", extras = ["plugin"] }
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 pytest = ">=9.1.1"
 pytest-cov = ">=7.1.0"
-ruff = ">=0.15.22"
+ruff = ">=0.16.0"
 mypy = ">=2.3.0"
-pre-commit = ">=4.6.0"
-tox = ">=4.57.0"
+pre-commit = ">=4.6.1"
+tox = ">=4.58.0"
 types-PyYAML = ">=6.0.12.20260724"
 
 
diff --git a/src/vstack/_templates/skills/refactor/template.md b/src/vstack/_templates/skills/refactor/template.md
index 78b55bb..9ba0657 100644
--- a/src/vstack/_templates/skills/refactor/template.md
+++ b/src/vstack/_templates/skills/refactor/template.md
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ def process_order(order):
     # process
     ...
 
+
 # After
 def _validate_order(order: dict) -> None:
     if not order.get("id"):
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ def _validate_order(order: dict) -> None:
     if order.get("amount", 0) <= 0:
         raise ValueError("amount must be positive")
 
+
 def process_order(order: dict) -> None:
     _validate_order(order)
     ...
@@ -177,6 +179,7 @@ def process(item):
                 return item.value * 2
     return None
 
+
 # After
 def process(item):
     if item is None:
@@ -207,8 +210,8 @@ if status_code == HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:
 
 ```python
 # Before
-def create_user(name, email, role, department, manager_id, start_date):
-    ...
+def create_user(name, email, role, department, manager_id, start_date): ...
+
 
 # After
 @dataclass
@@ -220,8 +223,8 @@ class CreateUserRequest:
     manager_id: str
     start_date: date
 
-def create_user(request: CreateUserRequest) -> User:
-    ...
+
+def create_user(request: CreateUserRequest) -> User: ...
 ```
 
 ## Step 5: Verify