Python

来源：vinta/awesome-python

Awesome Python

An opinionated guide to the best Python frameworks, libraries, tools, and resources.

Visit the website to search and filter projects more easily.

Projects

AI & ML

AI and Agents

Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents.

Agent Skills
- django-ai-plugins - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review.
- graphify - Turn any folder of code, SQL schemas, docs, papers, images, or videos into a queryable knowledge graph.
- nuwa-skill - Nuwa distills the thinking of anyone — let Musk, Naval, Munger, and Feynman work for you.
- sentry-skills - Python-focused engineering skills for code review, debugging, and backend workflows.
- trailofbits-skills - Python-friendly security skills for auditing, testing, and safer backend development.
Orchestration
- ag2 - An open-source AgentOS for multi-agent orchestration and building agentic AI systems.
- autogen - A programming framework for building agentic AI applications.
- bernstein - A deterministic Python orchestrator for CLI coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini CLI, and 40+ more) with parallel git worktrees and an HMAC-signed audit chain.
- bindu - A framework that wraps any agent handler with DID-based cryptographic identity, A2A JSON-RPC over HTTP, OAuth2 auth, x402 (USDC) payments, and a built-in operator inbox.
- bub - A lightweight, hook-first Python framework for channel-native agents that live alongside people.
- crewai - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving.
- dspy - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models.
- hermes-agent - An adaptive AI agent framework that grows with you.
- langchain - Building applications with LLMs through composability.
- langgraph - Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running LLM agents.
- livetalking - A framework for real time interactive streaming digital human.
- openai-agents - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents.
- OpenChronicle - Open-source, local-first memory for any tool-capable LLM agent.
- promptise - A framework for building end-to-end production-ready agentic systems, scalable & secure MCP's and autonomous agents.
- pydantic-ai - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.
- smolagents - A lightweight library to build agents and multi-agent workflows with minimal code.
- TradingAgents - A multi-agents LLM financial trading framework.
Data Layer
- entroly - An auditable context control plane that optimizes prompt context, stabilizes cache prefixes, and verifies answers locally with WITNESS.
- instructor - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.
- llama-index - A data framework for your LLM application.
- lumen - An agent framework for conversational analysis of SQL, dataframe and multidimensional array data.
- mem0 - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions.
- outlines - Structured text generation for LLMs with JSON schema, regex, and grammar-constrained decoding.
Pre-trained Models and Inference
- diffusers - A library that provides pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.
- LiteLLM - Call 100+ LLMs using OpenAI format.
- liter-llm - A universal LLM API client with a Rust core, calling 142+ providers through a single OpenAI-compatible interface, with a built-in proxy and MCP server.
- mlx-lm - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX.
- sglang - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models.
- transformers - A framework that lets you easily use pre-trained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks.
- unsloth - A library for faster LLM fine-tuning and training with reduced memory usage.
- vllm - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.
Speech
- funasr - Industrial-grade speech recognition toolkit with 170x realtime speed, 50+ languages, speaker diarization, and emotion detection.
- openai-whisper - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data.
- SenseVoice - A multilingual speech understanding model for speech recognition, language identification, emotion recognition, and audio event detection.
- vibevoice - A family of open-source voice AI models from Microsoft for text-to-speech and long-form speech recognition.
- voxcpm - A tokenizer-free text-to-speech foundation model for multilingual speech generation and voice cloning.

Deep Learning

Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see awesome-deep-learning .

jax - A library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation.
keras - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.
pytorch - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.
pytorch-lightning - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.
stable-baselines3 - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.
tensorflow - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.

Machine Learning

Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see awesome-machine-learning .

catboost - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library.
feature_engine - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.
h2o - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform.
lightgbm - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework.
mindsdb - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries.
pgmpy - A Python library for probabilistic graphical models and Bayesian networks.
scikit-learn - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.
scikit-lego - A collection of lego bricks for scikit-learn pipelines.
spark.ml - Apache Spark's scalable Machine Learning library for distributed computing.
TabGAN - Synthetic tabular data generation using GANs, Diffusion Models, and LLMs.
timesfm - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting.
xgboost - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.

Natural Language Processing

Libraries for working with human languages.

General
- gensim - Topic Modeling for Humans.
- nltk - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.
- spacy - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.
- stanza - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.
Chinese
- funnlp - A collection of tools and datasets for Chinese NLP.
- jieba - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library.

Computer Vision

Libraries for Computer Vision.

easyocr - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported.
fiftyone - The open-source tool for building high-quality datasets and computer vision models.
kornia - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.
opencv - Open Source Computer Vision Library.
pytesseract - A wrapper for Google Tesseract OCR .
ultralytics - Ultralytics YOLO for object detection, segmentation, pose estimation, and classification with state-of-the-art accuracy and speed.

Recommender Systems

Libraries for building recommender systems.

annoy - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.
implicit - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.
scikit-surprise - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.

Web Development

Web Frameworks

Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see Web APIs.

Synchronous
- bottle - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies.
- django - The most popular web framework in Python.
  - awesome-django
- flask - A microframework for Python.
  - awesome-flask
- pyramid - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.
  - awesome-pyramid
- fasthtml - The fastest way to create an HTML app.
  - awesome-fasthtml
- masonite - The modern and developer centric Python web framework.
Asynchronous
- litestar - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework.
- microdot - The impossibly small web framework for Python and MicroPython.
- reflex - A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with Python.
- robyn - A high-performance async Python web framework with a Rust runtime.
- starlette - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services.
- tornado - A web framework and asynchronous networking library.

Web APIs

Libraries for building RESTful and GraphQL APIs.

Django
- django-modern-rest - Modern REST with speed, types, async, msgspec, pydantic and other goodies!
- django-ninja - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic.
- django-rest-framework - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs.
- strawberry-django - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django.
Flask
- apiflask - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask and Marshmallow.
Framework Agnostic
- connexion - A spec-first framework that automatically handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification.
- falcon - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends.
- fastapi - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints.
- sanic - A Python web server and web framework that's written to go fast.
- strawberry - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition.
- webargs - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments with built-in support for popular web frameworks.

Web Servers

ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers.

ASGI
- daphne - An HTTP, HTTP/2 and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP.
- granian - A Rust HTTP server for Python applications built on top of Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI.
- hypercorn - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.
- uvicorn - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, using uvloop and httptools.
WSGI
- gunicorn - Pre-forked, ported from Ruby's Unicorn project.
- uwsgi - A project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting services, written in C.
- waitress - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid.
RPC
- grpcio - HTTP/2-based RPC framework with Python bindings, built by Google.
- rpyc (Remote Python Call) - A transparent and symmetric RPC library for Python.

WebSocket

Libraries for working with WebSocket.

autobahn-python - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and asyncio.
channels - Developer-friendly asynchrony for Django.
flask-socketio - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications.
picows - Fastest WebSocket clients and servers with a frame level interface for the most demanding use-cases.
websockets - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity.

Template Engines

Libraries and tools for templating and lexing.

jinja - A modern and designer friendly templating language.
mako - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.

Web Asset Management

Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets.

django-compressor - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.
django-storages - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.

Authentication

Libraries for implementing authentication schemes.

OAuth
- authlib - A comprehensive library for building OAuth, OpenID Connect, and JWT/JWS/JWE/JWK/JWA.
- django-allauth - Authentication app for Django that "just works."
- django-oauth-toolkit - OAuth 2 goodies for Django.
- oauthlib - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.
JWT
- pyjwt - JSON Web Token implementation in Python.
Permissions
- django-guardian - Implementation of per-object permissions for Django.
- django-rules - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database.

Admin Panels

Libraries for administrative interfaces.

ajenti - The admin panel your servers deserve.
django-grappelli - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.
django-unfold - Elevate your Django admin with a stunning modern interface, powerful features, and seamless user experience.
flask-admin - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.
flower - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery.
func-to-web - Instantly create web UIs from Python functions using type hints. Zero frontend code required.
jet-bridge - Admin panel framework for any application with nice UI (ex Jet Django).

CMS

Content Management Systems.

django-cms - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django.
indico - A feature-rich event management system, made @ CERN.
wagtail - A Django content management system.

Static Site Generators

Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output.

lektor - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine.
nikola - A static website and blog generator.
pelican - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax.

HTTP & Scraping

HTTP Clients

Libraries for working with HTTP.

aiohttp - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python.
furl - A small Python library that makes parsing and manipulating URLs easy.
httptap - Dissects an HTTP request into DNS, TCP, TLS, wait, and transfer phases and renders the timings as a waterfall.
httpx - A next generation HTTP client for Python.
requests - HTTP Requests for Humans.
urllib3 - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly.

Web Scraping

Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content.

Frameworks
- browser-use - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation.
- crawl4ai - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents.
- crawlberg - A high-performance web crawling engine with a Rust core, headless-browser fallback, and built-in robots.txt and sitemap parsing.
- mechanicalsoup - A Python library for automating interaction with websites.
- scrapy - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework.
- website-downloader - A modern wget --mirror / HTTrack alternative that turns whole websites into browsable offline copies.
Content Extraction
- feedparser - Universal feed parser.
- html2text - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text.
- micawber - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs.
- sumy - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages.
- trafilatura - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering.

Email

Libraries for sending and parsing email, and mail server management.

modoboa - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern Web UI.
yagmail - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.

Database & Storage

ORM

Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques.

Relational Databases
- django.db.models - The Django ORM.
- sqlalchemy - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.
  - awesome-sqlalchemy
- dataset - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
- peewee - A small, expressive ORM.
- pony - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL.
- sqlmodel - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy.
- tortoise-orm - An easy-to-use asyncio ORM inspired by Django, with relations support.
NoSQL Databases
- beanie - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB.
- mongoengine - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB.
- pynamodb - A Pythonic interface for Amazon DynamoDB.

Database Drivers

Libraries for connecting and operating databases.

MySQL - awesome-mysql
- mysqlclient - MySQL connector with Python 3 support (mysql-python fork).
- pymysql - A pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python.
PostgreSQL - awesome-postgres
- psycopg - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python.
SQLite - awesome-sqlite
- sqlite-utils - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases.
- sqlite3 - (Python standard library) SQLite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.
Other Relational Databases
- clickhouse-driver - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse.
- mssql-python - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance and low memory usage.
NoSQL Databases
- cassandra-driver - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra.
- django-mongodb-backend - Official MongoDB database backend for Django.
- pymongo - The official Python client for MongoDB.
- redis-py - The Python client for Redis.

Database

Databases implemented in Python.

chdb - In-process OLAP SQL engine with the full ClickHouse dialect, zero-copy pandas/Arrow interop, and federation to remote ClickHouse clusters via remoteSecure().
chromadb - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with embeddings and semantic search.
duckdb - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads.
pickledb - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python.
tinydb - A tiny, document-oriented database.
ZODB - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database.
zvec - An embedded vector database for on-device RAG and edge AI, the SQLite of vector databases.

Caching

Libraries for caching data.

cachetools - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators.
django-cacheops - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.
dogpile.cache - dogpile.cache is a next generation replacement for Beaker made by the same authors.
python-diskcache - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis.

Search

Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data.

django-haystack - Modular search for Django.
elasticsearch-py - The official low-level Python client for Elasticsearch.
pysolr - A lightweight Python wrapper for Apache Solr.

Serialization

Libraries for serializing complex data types.

marshmallow - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes.
msgpack - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python.
msgspec - A fast serialization and validation library with built-in support for JSON, MessagePack, YAML, and TOML.
orjson - Fast, correct JSON library.

Data & Science

Data Analysis

Libraries for data analysis.

aws-sdk-pandas - Pandas on AWS.
data-profiling - Generate detailed data profiling reports for pandas DataFrames.
datasette - An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data.
desbordante - An open source data profiler for complex pattern discovery.
ibis - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends.
modin - A drop-in pandas replacement that scales workflows by changing a single line of code.
pandas - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.
pathway - Real-time data processing framework for Python with reactive dataflows.
percentify - Exploratory stats and data-quality diagnostics/profiler, that supports both pandas and Polars DataFrames inputs.
polars - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API.

Data Ingestion / ETL

Libraries for data extraction, transformation, and loading pipelines across multiple sources and destinations.

General
- dlt - A Python library for building data pipelines with automatic schema inference, incremental loading, and support for multiple sources and destinations.
Financial Data
- akshare - A financial data interface library, built for human beings!
- edgartools - Library for downloading structured data from SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements.
- lumibot - Algorithmic trading framework for backtesting and live deployment across stocks, options, crypto, futures, and forex.
- openbb - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents.
- yfinance - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance.

Data Validation

Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases.

cerberus - A lightweight and extensible data validation library.
jsonschema - An implementation of JSON Schema for Python.
pandera - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, and Spark.
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints.
voluptuous - A Python data validation library primarily intended for validating data from untrusted sources.

Data Visualization

Libraries for visualizing data. Also see awesome-javascript .

Plotting
- altair - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.
- bokeh - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.
- bqplot - Interactive Plotting Library for the Jupyter Notebook.
- matplotlib - A Python 2D plotting library.
- plotly - Interactive graphing library for Python.
- plotnine - A grammar of graphics for Python based on ggplot2.
- pygal - A Python SVG Charts Creator.
- pyqtgraph - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets.
- seaborn - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.
- ultraplot - Matplotlib wrapper for publication-ready scientific figures with minimal code. Includes advanced subplot management, panel layouts, and batteries-included geoscience plotting.
- vispy - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL.
Specialized
- cartopy - A cartographic python library with matplotlib support.
- pygraphviz - Python interface to Graphviz.
Dashboards and Apps
- gradio - Build and share machine learning apps, all in Python.
- streamlit - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes.

Geolocation

Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes.

django-countries - A Django app that provides a country field for models and forms.
geodjango - A world-class geographic web framework that is part of Django.
geojson - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.
geopandas - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas.
geopy - Python Geocoding Toolbox.

Science

Libraries for scientific computing. Also see Python-for-Scientists .

Core
- numba - Python JIT compiler to LLVM aimed at scientific Python.
- numpy - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
- scipy - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.
- statsmodels - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
- sympy - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.
Biology and Chemistry
- biopython - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.
- cclib - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages.
- openbabel - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data.
- rdkit - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.
Physics and Engineering
- astropy - A community Python library for Astronomy.
- obspy - A Python toolbox for seismology.
- pydy - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion.
- PythonRobotics - This is a compilation of various robotics algorithms with visualizations.
Simulation and Modeling
- mesa - An agent-based modeling framework for building, analyzing, and visualizing complex system simulations.
- pathsim - A block-based system modeling and simulation framework with a browser-based visual editor.
- pymc - Probabilistic programming and Bayesian modeling in Python.
- simpy - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework.
Other
- colour - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms.
- manim - An animation engine for explanatory math videos.
- networkx - A high-productivity software for complex networks.
- shapely - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.

Quantum Computing

Libraries for quantum computing.

Cirq — A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices.
pennylane — A hybrid quantum-classical machine learning library with automatic differentiation support.
qiskit — An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware.
qutip - Quantum Toolbox in Python.

Developer Tools

Algorithms and Design Patterns

Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see awesome-algorithms .

Algorithms
- algorithms - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms.
- sortedcontainers - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections.
- thealgorithms - All Algorithms implemented in Python.
Design Patterns
- python-patterns - A collection of design patterns in Python.
- transitions - A lightweight, object-oriented finite state machine implementation.

Interactive Interpreter

Interactive Python interpreters (REPL).

jupyter - A rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively.
- awesome-jupyter
marimo - Transform data and train models, feels like a next-gen notebook, stored as Git-friendly Python.
ptpython - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the python-prompt-toolkit .

Code Analysis

Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see awesome-static-analysis .

Code Analysis
- code2flow - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts.
- prospector - A tool to analyze Python code.
- repowise - Codebase intelligence that indexes repos into dependency graphs, git history, and auto-generated docs with dead code detection.
- vulture - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code.
Code Linters
- bandit - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code.
- flake8 - A wrapper around pycodestyle, pyflakes and McCabe.
  - awesome-flake8-extensions
- pylint - A fully customizable source code analyzer.
Code Formatters
- black - The uncompromising Python code formatter.
- isort - A Python utility / library to sort imports.
- ruff - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.
Refactoring
- rope - Rope is a python refactoring library.
Type Checkers - awesome-python-typing
- mypy - Check variable types during compile time.
- pyrefly - A fast type checker and language server for Python.
- ty - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server.
- typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types.
Type Annotations Generators
- monkeytype - A system for Python that generates static type annotations by collecting runtime types.
- pytype - Pytype checks and infers types for Python code - without requiring type annotations.

Testing

Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data. Also see awesome-python-testing .

Frameworks
- hypothesis - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.
- pytest - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.
  - awesome-pytest
- robotframework - A generic test automation framework.
- scanapi - Automated Testing and Documentation for your REST API.
- unittest - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
Test Runners
- nox - Flexible test automation for Python.
- tox - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions
GUI / Web Testing
- locust - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.
- playwright-python - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library.
- pyautogui - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.
- schemathesis - A tool for automatic property-based testing of web applications built with Open API / Swagger specifications.
- selenium - Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
Mock
- freezegun - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module.
- mock - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
- mocket - A socket mock framework with gevent/asyncio/SSL support.
- responses - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.
- respx - Mock HTTPX with awesome request patterns and response side effects.
- vcrpy - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.
Object Factories
- factory_boy - A test fixtures replacement for Python.
- polyfactory - mock data generation library with support to classes (continuation of pydantic-factories)
Code Coverage
- coverage - Code coverage measurement.
Fake Data
- faker - A Python package that generates fake data.
- mimesis - is a Python library that help you generate fake data.

Debugging Tools

Libraries for debugging code.

pdb-like Debugger
- ipdb - IPython-enabled pdb.
- pudb - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger.
Tracing
- manhole - Debugging UNIX socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt.
- python-hunter - A flexible code tracing toolkit.
Profiler
- py-spy - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust.
- scalene - A high-performance, high-precision CPU, GPU, and memory profiler for Python.
Others
- django-debug-toolbar - Display various debug information for Django.
- flask-debugtoolbar - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.
- icecream - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call.
- memory_graph - Visualize Python data at runtime to debug references, mutability, and aliasing.

Build Tools

Compile software from source code.

bitbake - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux.
doit - A task runner and build tool.
invoke - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks.
platformio - A console tool to build code with different development platforms.
pybuilder - A continuous build tool written in pure Python.
scons - A software construction tool.

Documentation

Libraries for generating project documentation.

diagrams - Diagram as Code.
mkdocs - Markdown friendly documentation generator.
pdoc - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries.
sphinx - Python Documentation generator.
- awesome-sphinxdoc

DevOps

DevOps Tools

Software and libraries for DevOps.

Cloud Providers
- awscli - Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services.
- boto3 - Python interface to Amazon Web Services.
Configuration Management
- ansible - A radically simple IT automation platform.
- cloudinit - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.
- openstack - Open source software for building private and public clouds.
- pyinfra - A versatile CLI tools and python libraries to automate infrastructure.
- saltstack - Infrastructure automation and management system.
Deployment
- chalice - A Python serverless microframework for AWS.
- fabric - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment.
Monitoring and Processes
- psutil - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.
- sentry-python - Sentry SDK for Python.
- sh - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.
- supervisor - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.
Other
- borg - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption.
- chaostoolkit - A Chaos Engineering toolkit & Orchestration for Developers.
- kubesdk - A modern async-first Kubernetes client and API model generator.
- pre-commit - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

Distributed Computing

Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing.

Batch Processing
- dask - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing.
- luigi - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs.
- mpi4py - Python bindings for MPI.
- pyspark - Apache Spark Python API.
- joblib - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python.
- ray - A system for parallel and distributed Python that unifies the machine learning ecosystem.

Task Queues

Libraries for working with task queues.

celery - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.
dramatiq - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3.
huey - Little multi-threaded task queue.
rq - Simple job queues for Python.
taskiq - Distributed task queue with native asyncio support and pluggable brokers.

Messaging

Libraries for working with message brokers and event streaming.

faststream - A framework for building asynchronous services over Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, NATS, MQTT and Redis.

Job Schedulers

Libraries for scheduling jobs.

airflow - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows.
apscheduler - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.
dagster - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets.
prefect - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines.
schedule - Python job scheduling for humans.
SpiffWorkflow - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python.

Logging

Libraries for generating and working with logs.

logfmter - A standard library compatible logfmt formatter.
logging - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
loguru - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.
structlog - Structured logging made easy.

Network Virtualization

Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking).

mininet - A popular network emulator and API written in Python.
napalm - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices.
scapy - A brilliant packet manipulation library.

CLI & GUI

CLI Development

Libraries for building command-line applications.

CLI Development
- argparse - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.
- cement - CLI Application Framework for Python.
- click - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.
- python-fire - A library for creating command line interfaces from absolutely any Python object.
- python-prompt-toolkit - A library for building powerful interactive command lines.
- typer - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click and Pydantic.
Terminal Rendering
- alive-progress - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations.
- asciimatics - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations).
- colorama - Cross-platform colored terminal text.
- rich - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great RichHandler log handler.
- textual - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser.
- tqdm - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI.

CLI Tools

Useful CLI-based tools for productivity.

Productivity Tools
- cookiecutter - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).
- copier - A library and command-line utility for rendering projects templates.
- doitlive - A tool for live presentations in the terminal.
- kaydet - Queryable personal database and terminal diary with SQLite search, tags, metadata, and AI integration via MCP.
- thefuck - Correcting your previous console command.
- tmuxp - A tmux session manager.
- xonsh - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform.
- yt-dlp - A command-line program to download videos from YouTube and other video sites, a fork of youtube-dl.
CLI Enhancements
- httpie - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.
- iredis - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- litecli - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- mycli - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
- pgcli - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.

GUI Development

Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications.

Desktop
- customtkinter - A modern and customizable python UI-library based on Tkinter.
- dearpygui - A Simple GPU accelerated Python GUI framework
- enaml - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declarative Syntax like QML.
- kivy - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS.
- pyglet - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.
- pygobject - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3).
- PyQt - Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform application and UI framework.
- pyside - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for Qt, this is same as PyQt but it's the official binding with different licensing.
- tkdesigner - Generates Tkinter interfaces from Figma designs using the Figma API.
- tkinter - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.
- toga - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.
- wxPython - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python.
Web-based
- buridan/ui - Composable, themeable components designed for Reflex. Extend, override, and ship without fighting the framework. Open source.
- flet - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python.
- nicegui - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser.
- pywebview - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component.
Terminal
- curses - (Python standard library) The built-in wrapper for ncurses used to create terminal GUI applications.
- urwid - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc.
Wrappers
- gooey - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line.

Text & Documents

Text Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts.

General
- babel - An internationalization library for Python.
- chardet - Python character encoding detector.
- difflib - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
- ftfy - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.
- pangu.py - Paranoid text spacing.
- pyfiglet - An implementation of figlet written in Python.
- pypinyin - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).
- python-slugify - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.
- textdistance - Compute distance between sequences with 30+ algorithms.
- unidecode - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.
Unique identifiers
- sqids - A library for generating short unique IDs from numbers.
- shortuuid - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs.
Parser
- parsy - Easy, generic parser combinator library for creating parsers.
- pygments - A generic syntax highlighter.
- pyparsing - A general purpose framework for generating parsers.
- python-nameparser - Parsing human names into their individual components.
- python-phonenumbers - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.
- python-user-agents - Browser user agent parser.
- sqlparse - A non-validating SQL parser.
- tree-sitter-language-pack - A comprehensive collection of tree-sitter parsers for 300+ languages, distributed as prebuilt wheels.

HTML Manipulation

Libraries for working with HTML and XML.

beautifulsoup - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
html-to-markdown - A fast, CommonMark-compliant HTML to Markdown converter with a Rust core, tolerant of malformed HTML.
justhtml - A pure Python HTML5 parser that just works.
lxml - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.
markupsafe - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python.
pyquery - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML.
tinycss2 - A low-level CSS parser and generator written in Python.
xmltodict - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.

File Format Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats.

General
- docling - Library for converting documents into structured data.
- xberg - High-performance document intelligence library with a Rust core, extracting text, tables, and metadata from 97+ formats including PDF, Office, images (with OCR), HTML, email, and archives.
- pyelftools - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.
- tablib - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.
MS Office
- docxtpl - Editing a docx document by jinja2 template
- openpyxl - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
- pyexcel - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files.
- python-docx - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files.
- python-pptx - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files.
- xlsxwriter - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.
- xlwings - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa.
PDF
- pdf_oxide - A fast PDF library for text extraction, image extraction, and markdown conversion, powered by Rust.
- pdfminer.six - Pdfminer.six is a community maintained fork of the original PDFMiner.
- pikepdf - A powerful library for reading and editing PDF files, based on qpdf.
- pypdf - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages.
- reportlab - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
- weasyprint - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.
Markdown
- markdown-it-py - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins.
- markdown - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.
- markitdown - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown.
- mistune - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown.
Data Formats
- csvkit - Utilities for converting to and working with CSV.
- pyyaml - YAML implementations for Python.
- tomllib - (Python standard library) Parse TOML files.

File Manipulation

Libraries for file manipulation.

mimetypes - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
pathlib - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
python-magic - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.
watchdog - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.
watchfiles - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in python.

Media

Image Processing

Libraries for manipulating images.

pillow - Pillow is the friendly PIL fork.
pymatting - A library for alpha matting.
python-barcode - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies.
python-qrcode - A pure Python QR Code generator.
pyvips - A fast image processing library with low memory needs.
scikit-image - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.
thumbor - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.
wand - Python bindings for MagickWand, C API for ImageMagick.

Audio & Video Processing

Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata.

Audio
- birdnet - Deep learning framework for acoustic species detection; identifies bird species from audio recordings using TensorFlow.
- gtts - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS.
- KittenTTS - Lightweight ONNX text-to-speech library with small CPU-friendly models.
- librosa - Python library for audio and music analysis.
- matchering - A library for automated reference audio mastering.
- pydub - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.
Video
- moviepy - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs.
- vidgear - Most Powerful multi-threaded Video Processing framework.
Metadata
- beets - A music library manager and MusicBrainz tagger.
- mutagen - A Python module to handle audio metadata.
- tinytag - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files.

Game Development

Awesome game development libraries.

arcade - Arcade is a modern Python framework for crafting games with compelling graphics and sound.
panda3d - 3D game engine developed by Disney.
py-sdl2 - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library.
pygame - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.
pyopengl - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it's related APIs.
renpy - A Visual Novel engine.

Python Language

Implementations

Implementations of Python.

cpython - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.
cython - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python.
ironpython - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C#.
micropython - A lean and efficient Python programming language implementation.
pyodide - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly.
pypy - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language.

Built-in Classes Enhancement

Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes.

attrs - Replacement for __init__, __eq__, __repr__, etc. boilerplate in class definitions.
bidict - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality.
box - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access.
uuid-utils - A fast, Rust-backed drop-in replacement for Python's built-in uuid module, supporting RFC 9562 (UUIDv6, UUIDv7, and UUIDv8).

Functional Programming

Functional Programming with Python.

coconut - A variant of Python built for simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming.
functools - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
funcy - A fancy and practical functional tools.
more-itertools - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond itertools.
returns - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities.
toolz - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as cytoolz for Cython-accelerated performance.

Asynchronous Programming

Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see awesome-asyncio .

anyio - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio.
asyncio - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
- awesome-asyncio
concurrent.futures - (Python standard library) A high-level interface for asynchronously executing callables.
gevent - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses greenlet .
multiprocessing - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.
trio - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O.
twisted - An event-driven networking engine.
uvloop - Ultra fast asyncio event loop.

Date and Time

Libraries for working with dates and times.

dateparser - A Python parser for human-readable dates in dozens of languages.
dateutil - Extensions to the standard Python datetime module.
pendulum - Python datetimes made easy.
zoneinfo - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the tz database into Python.

Python Toolchain

Environment Management

Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management.

KillPy - Analyze, detect, and clean unused Python environments and pipx packages.
pyenv - Simple Python version management.
pyenv-win - Pyenv for Windows.
uv - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.
virtualenv - A tool to create isolated Python environments.

Package Management

Libraries for package and dependency management.

conda - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.
hatch - Modern, extensible Python project manager for environments, builds, and publishing.
pip - The package installer for Python.
pipx - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Like npx in Node.js.
poetry - Python dependency management and packaging made easy.
uv - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.

Package Repositories

Local PyPI repository server and proxies.

bandersnatch - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).
devpi - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.
warehouse - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI).

Distribution

Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution.

cx-Freeze - It is a Python tool that converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Nuitka - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform, supports all Python versions).
pyarmor - A tool used to obfuscate python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts.
pyinstaller - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).
shiv - A command line utility for building fully self-contained zipapps (PEP 441), but with all their dependencies included.

Configuration Files

Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options.

configparser - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
dynaconf - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django, Flask and FastAPI.
hydra - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications.
python-decouple - Strict separation of settings from code.
python-dotenv - Reads key-value pairs from a .env file and sets them as environment variables.

Security

Cryptography

cryptography - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.
paramiko - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.
pynacl - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.

Penetration Testing

Frameworks and tools for penetration testing.

mitmproxy - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers.
setoolkit - A toolkit for social engineering.
sherlock - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.
sqlmap - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool.

Web Security

Libraries for application-layer web security.

secure - HTTP security headers for Python web applications with ASGI and WSGI middleware.

Other

Hardware

Libraries for programming with hardware.

bleak - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio.
jumpstarter - A hardware-in-the-loop testing framework with a Python client library for automated testing on real and virtual hardware.
pynput - A library to control and monitor input devices.
synology-api - Python wrapper for Synology NAS APIs: Surveillance Station, File Station, Download Station, Docker, and 50+ other endpoints.

Microsoft Windows

Python programming on Microsoft Windows.

pythonnet - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).
pywin32 - Python Extensions for Windows.
winpython - Portable development environment for Windows 10/11.

Miscellaneous

Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above.

blinker - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.
boltons - A set of pure-Python utilities.
itsdangerous - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments.
tryton - A general-purpose business framework.

Resources

Where to discover learning resources or new Python libraries.

Newsletters

Podcasts

Websites

Python Developer Tooling Handbook - Comprehensive guide to modern Python developer tools covering package management, linting, type checking, testing, and more.

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines first.

If you have any question about this opinionated list, do not hesitate to contact @vinta on X (Twitter).

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