diff --git a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/MultiBalanceReport.hs b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/MultiBalanceReport.hs
index 54be162a292..3dd35db4d27 100644
--- a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/MultiBalanceReport.hs
+++ b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/MultiBalanceReport.hs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ where
 import Control.Applicative (liftA2)
 #endif
 import Control.Monad (guard)
+import Data.Default (Default, def)
 import Data.Foldable (toList)
 import Data.HashSet qualified as HS
 import Data.List (sortOn)
@@ -115,15 +116,17 @@ multiBalanceReportWith rspec' j priceoracle = report
 
 -- | Generate a compound balance report from a list of CBCSubreportSpec. This
 -- shares postings between the subreports.
-compoundBalanceReport :: ReportSpec -> Journal -> [CBCSubreportSpec a]
-                      -> CompoundPeriodicReport a MixedAmount
+compoundBalanceReport :: (Default msg)
+                      => ReportSpec -> Journal -> [CBCSubreportSpec msg a]
+                      -> CompoundPeriodicReport msg a MixedAmount
 compoundBalanceReport rspec j = compoundBalanceReportWith rspec j (journalPriceOracle infer j)
   where infer = infer_prices_ $ _rsReportOpts rspec
 
 -- | A helper for compoundBalanceReport, similar to multiBalanceReportWith.
-compoundBalanceReportWith :: ReportSpec -> Journal -> PriceOracle
-                          -> [CBCSubreportSpec a]
-                          -> CompoundPeriodicReport a MixedAmount
+compoundBalanceReportWith :: (Default msg)
+                          => ReportSpec -> Journal -> PriceOracle
+                          -> [CBCSubreportSpec msg a]
+                          -> CompoundPeriodicReport msg a MixedAmount
 compoundBalanceReportWith rspec' j priceoracle subreportspecs = cbr
   where
     -- Queries, report/column dates.
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ compoundBalanceReportWith rspec' j priceoracle subreportspecs = cbr
         subreportTotal (_, sr, increasestotal) =
             (if increasestotal then id else fmap maNegate) $ prTotals sr
 
-    cbr = CompoundPeriodicReport "" (maybeDayPartitionToDateSpans colspans) subreports overalltotals
+    cbr = CompoundPeriodicReport def (maybeDayPartitionToDateSpans colspans) subreports overalltotals
 
 
 -- | Remove any date queries and insert queries from the report span.
diff --git a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportOptions.hs b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportOptions.hs
index 7945d6e7b86..beaee8c0663 100644
--- a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportOptions.hs
+++ b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportOptions.hs
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ import Data.List (partition)
 import Data.List.Extra (find, isPrefixOf, nubSort, stripPrefix)
 import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, isJust, isNothing, mapMaybe)
 import Data.Text qualified as T
+import Data.Gettext (Catalog)
 import Data.Time.Calendar (Day, addDays)
 import Data.Default (Default(..))
 import Safe (lastDef, lastMay, maximumMay, readMay)
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@ data ReportOpts = ReportOpts {
       --   TERM and existence of NO_COLOR environment variables.
     ,transpose_        :: Bool
     ,layout_           :: Layout
+    ,catalog_          :: Maybe Catalog
     ,period_titles_  :: PeriodTitles
     -- | Explicit --title value if given (possibly empty to
     -- suppress); otherwise Nothing, in which case each report falls
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ defreportopts = ReportOpts
     , color_            = False
     , transpose_        = False
     , layout_           = LayoutWide Nothing
+    , catalog_          = Nothing
     , period_titles_  = PTCompact
     , title_   = Nothing
     , subreport_titles_ = Nothing
diff --git a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportTypes.hs b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportTypes.hs
index 3ce03ab3517..8d896713872 100644
--- a/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportTypes.hs
+++ b/hledger-lib/Hledger/Reports/ReportTypes.hs
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ import Data.Aeson (ToJSON(..))
 import Data.Bifunctor (Bifunctor(..))
 import Data.Decimal (Decimal)
 import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe)
-import Data.Text (Text)
 import GHC.Generics (Generic)
 
 import Hledger.Data
@@ -181,27 +180,27 @@ prrMapMaybeName f row = case f $ prrName row of
 --
 -- It is used in compound balance report commands like balancesheet,
 -- cashflow and incomestatement.
-data CompoundPeriodicReport a b = CompoundPeriodicReport
-  { cbrTitle      :: Text
+data CompoundPeriodicReport msg a b = CompoundPeriodicReport
+  { cbrTitle      :: msg
   , cbrDates      :: [DateSpan]
-  , cbrSubreports :: [(Text, PeriodicReport a b, Bool)]
+  , cbrSubreports :: [(msg, PeriodicReport a b, Bool)]
   , cbrTotals     :: PeriodicReportRow () b
   } deriving (Show, Functor, Generic, ToJSON)
 
-instance HasAmounts b => HasAmounts (CompoundPeriodicReport a b) where
+instance HasAmounts b => HasAmounts (CompoundPeriodicReport msg a b) where
   styleAmounts styles cpr@CompoundPeriodicReport{cbrSubreports, cbrTotals} =
     cpr{
         cbrSubreports = styleAmounts styles cbrSubreports
       , cbrTotals     = styleAmounts styles cbrTotals
       }
 
-instance HasAmounts b => HasAmounts (Text, PeriodicReport a b, Bool) where
+instance HasAmounts b => HasAmounts (msg, PeriodicReport a b, Bool) where
   styleAmounts styles (a,b,c) = (a,styleAmounts styles b,c)
 
 -- | Description of one subreport within a compound balance report.
 -- Part of a "CompoundBalanceCommandSpec", but also used in hledger-lib.
-data CBCSubreportSpec a = CBCSubreportSpec
-  { cbcsubreporttitle          :: Text                      -- ^ The title to use for the subreport
+data CBCSubreportSpec msg a = CBCSubreportSpec
+  { cbcsubreporttitle          :: msg                       -- ^ The title to use for the subreport
   , cbcsubreportquery          :: Query                     -- ^ The Query to use for the subreport
   , cbcsubreportoptions        :: ReportOpts -> ReportOpts  -- ^ A function to transform the ReportOpts used to produce the subreport
   , cbcsubreporttransform      :: PeriodicReport DisplayName MixedAmount -> PeriodicReport a MixedAmount  -- ^ A function to transform the result of the subreport
diff --git a/hledger-lib/hledger-lib.cabal b/hledger-lib/hledger-lib.cabal
index c56dbc6bd14..a5f52a67643 100644
--- a/hledger-lib/hledger-lib.cabal
+++ b/hledger-lib/hledger-lib.cabal
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ library
     , file-embed >=0.0.10
     , filepath
     , hashtables >=1.2.3.1 && <1.3 || >=1.4.0
+    , haskell-gettext >=0.1.2.0 && <0.2
     , megaparsec >=7.0.0 && <9.8 || >=9.8.1 && <9.9
     , microlens >=0.4
     , microlens-th >=0.4
@@ -215,6 +216,7 @@ test-suite doctest
     , file-embed >=0.0.10
     , filepath
     , hashtables >=1.2.3.1 && <1.3 || >=1.4.0
+    , haskell-gettext >=0.1.2.0 && <0.2
     , megaparsec >=7.0.0 && <9.8 || >=9.8.1 && <9.9
     , microlens >=0.4
     , microlens-th >=0.4
@@ -276,6 +278,7 @@ test-suite unittest
     , file-embed >=0.0.10
     , filepath
     , hashtables >=1.2.3.1 && <1.3 || >=1.4.0
+    , haskell-gettext >=0.1.2.0 && <0.2
     , hledger-lib
     , megaparsec >=7.0.0 && <9.8 || >=9.8.1 && <9.9
     , microlens >=0.4
diff --git a/hledger-lib/package.yaml b/hledger-lib/package.yaml
index b6df7d0ec88..4048d72ee5b 100644
--- a/hledger-lib/package.yaml
+++ b/hledger-lib/package.yaml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ dependencies:
 - file-embed >=0.0.10
 - filepath
 - hashtables >=1.2.3.1 && <1.3 || >=1.4.0
+- haskell-gettext >=0.1.2.0 && <0.2
 - megaparsec >=7.0.0 && <9.8 || >=9.8.1 && <9.9   # avoid https://github.com/mrkkrp/megaparsec/issues/572
 - microlens >=0.4
 - microlens-th >=0.4
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CliOptions.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CliOptions.hs
index 9a91f8c42ba..12850ff7b98 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CliOptions.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CliOptions.hs
@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ helpflags = [
  ,flagNone ["man"]      (setboolopt "man")     "show this command's manual with man"
  ,flagNone ["webman"]   (setboolopt "webman")  "show this command's manual on the web"
  ,flagNone ["examples"] (setboolopt "examples") "show examples for this command"
+ ,flagReq  ["catalog"]  (\s opts -> Right $ setopt "catalog" s opts) "CATALOGFILE" "File containing custom translations."
  ,flagNone ["version"]  (setboolopt "version") "show version information"
   -- flagOpt would be more correct for --debug, showing --debug[=LVL] rather than --debug=[LVL] in help.
   -- But flagReq plus special handling in Cli.hs makes the = optional, removing a source of confusion.
@@ -597,6 +598,7 @@ data CliOpts = CliOpts {
     ,reportspec_      :: ReportSpec
     ,output_file_     :: Maybe FilePath
     ,output_format_   :: Maybe String
+    ,catalog_file_    :: Maybe FilePath
     ,pageropt_        :: Maybe Bool     -- ^ --pager
     ,coloropt_        :: Maybe YNA      -- ^ --color. Controls use of ANSI color and ANSI styles.
     ,debug_           :: Int            -- ^ debug level, set by @--debug[=N]@. See also 'Hledger.Utils.debugLevel'.
@@ -619,6 +621,7 @@ defcliopts = CliOpts
     , reportspec_      = def
     , output_file_     = Nothing
     , output_format_   = Nothing
+    , catalog_file_    = Nothing
     , pageropt_        = Nothing
     , coloropt_        = Nothing
     , debug_           = 0
@@ -675,6 +678,7 @@ rawOptsToCliOpts rawopts = do
              ,reportspec_      = rspec
              ,output_file_     = maybestringopt "output-file" rawopts
              ,output_format_   = maybestringopt "output-format" rawopts
+             ,catalog_file_    = maybestringopt "catalog" rawopts
              ,pageropt_        = maybeynopt "pager" rawopts
              ,coloropt_        = maybeynaopt "color" rawopts
              ,debug_           = posintopt "debug" rawopts
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.hs
index 9f5a2e23636..fca9a09e381 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balance.hs
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ import Data.Text (Text)
 import Data.Text qualified as T
 import Data.Text.Lazy qualified as TL
 import Data.Text.Lazy.Builder qualified as TB
+import Data.Gettext (loadCatalog)
 import Data.Time (addDays, fromGregorian)
 import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit as C (flagNone, flagReq, flagOpt)
 import Safe (headMay, maximumMay)
@@ -321,6 +322,7 @@ import Hledger.Write.Spreadsheet (rawTableContent, headerCell,
             addHeaderBorders, addRowSpanHeader, addRowSpanHeaderNE,
             cellFromMixedAmount, cellsFromMixedAmount, cellFromAmount)
 import Hledger.Write.Spreadsheet qualified as Ods
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 
 
 -- | Command line options for this command.
@@ -399,7 +401,18 @@ balancemode = hledgerCommandMode
 
 -- | The balance command, prints a balance report.
 balance :: CliOpts -> Journal -> IO ()
-balance opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=rspec} j = case balancecalc_ ropts of
+balance opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=rspec} j = do
+  let ropts0 = _rsReportOpts rspec
+  maybeCat <- traverse loadCatalog $ catalog_file_ opts
+  let ropts =
+        ropts0 {
+            -- tidy csv is defined externally and must not include totals or averages
+            no_total_ = no_total_ ropts0 || layout_ ropts0 == LayoutTidy,
+            catalog_ = maybeCat
+        }
+  -- Tidy csv/tsv should be consistent between single period and multiperiod reports.
+  let multiperiod = interval_ ropts /= NoInterval || (layout_ ropts == LayoutTidy && delimited)
+  case balancecalc_ ropts of
     CalcBudget -> do  -- single or multi period budget report
       let rspan = fst $ reportSpan j rspec
           budgetreport = styleAmounts styles $ budgetReport rspec (balancingopts_ $ inputopts_ opts) rspan j
@@ -440,14 +453,6 @@ balance opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=rspec} j = case balancecalc_ ropts of
         writeOutputLazyText opts $ render report
   where
     styles = journalCommodityStylesWith HardRounding j
-    ropts =
-        let ropts0 = _rsReportOpts rspec in
-        ropts0 {
-            -- tidy csv is defined externally and must not include totals or averages
-            no_total_ = no_total_ ropts0 || layout_ ropts0 == LayoutTidy
-        }
-    -- Tidy csv/tsv should be consistent between single period and multiperiod reports.
-    multiperiod = interval_ ropts /= NoInterval || (layout_ ropts == LayoutTidy && delimited)
     delimited   = fmt == "csv" || fmt == "tsv"
     fmt         = outputFormatFromOpts opts
 
@@ -491,10 +496,10 @@ budgetAverageClass rc =
 
 -- What to show as heading for the totals row in balance reports ?
 -- Currently nothing in terminal, Total: in HTML, FODS and xSV output.
-totalRowHeadingText        = ""
-totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet = "Total:"
-totalRowHeadingBudgetText  = ""
-totalRowHeadingBudgetCsv   = "Total:"
+totalRowHeadingText        = Msg.None
+totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet = Msg.Total
+totalRowHeadingBudgetText  = Msg.None
+totalRowHeadingBudgetCsv   = Msg.Total
 
 -- Single-column balance reports
 
@@ -719,16 +724,17 @@ balanceReportAsSpreadsheetParts fmt opts (items, total) =
       if no_total_ opts
         then []
         else addTotalBorders $
-          rows Total (totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet, totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet, 0, total))
+          rows Total (msg totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet, msg totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet, 0, total))
   where
     cell = Ods.defaultCell
     hCell cls label = (headerCell label) {Ods.cellClass = Ods.Class cls}
+    msg = Msg.getText (catalog_ opts)
     headers =
       addHeaderBorders $
-      hCell "account" "account" :| case layout_ opts of
+      hCell "account" (msg Msg.Account) :| case layout_ opts of
         LayoutBareWide -> map (hCell "amount") allCommodities
-        LayoutBare -> [headerCell "commodity", hCell "amount" "balance"]
-        _          -> [hCell "amount" "balance"]
+        LayoutBare -> [headerCell $ msg Msg.Commodity, hCell "amount" $ msg Msg.Balance]
+        _          -> [hCell "amount" $ msg Msg.Balance]
     allCommodities =
         S.toAscList $ foldMap (\(_,_,_,ma) -> maCommodities ma) items
     rows ::
@@ -813,9 +819,10 @@ multiBalanceReportAsSpreadsheetParts fmt opts@ReportOpts{..}
               concatMap (Ods.horizontalSpan allCommodities) dateHeaders,
            headers]
       _ -> [headers]
+    msg = Msg.getText catalog_
     headers =
       addHeaderBorders $
-      hCell accountClass "account" :
+      hCell accountClass (msg Msg.Account) :
       case layout_ of
       LayoutTidy -> map headerCell tidyColumnLabels
       LayoutBareWide -> dateHeaders >> map headerCell allCommodities
@@ -826,8 +833,8 @@ multiBalanceReportAsSpreadsheetParts fmt opts@ReportOpts{..}
     amountHeader c = c{Ods.cellClass = amountClass Value}
     dateHeaders =
       (if not summary_only_ then map (amountHeader . headerDateSpanCell period_titles_ balance_base_url_ querystring_) colspans  else [] )++
-      [hCell (rowTotalClass Value) "total" | multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn opts] ++
-      [hCell (rowAverageClass Value) "average" | average_]
+      [hCell (rowTotalClass Value) (msg Msg.Total) | multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn opts] ++
+      [hCell (rowAverageClass Value) (msg Msg.Average) | average_]
     fullRowAsTexts row =
         addRowSpanHeader anchorCell $
         rowAsText Value (dateSpanCell period_titles_ balance_base_url_ querystring_ acctName) row
@@ -838,7 +845,7 @@ multiBalanceReportAsSpreadsheetParts fmt opts@ReportOpts{..}
     totalrows =
       if no_total_
         then []
-        else addRowSpanHeader (accountCell totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet) $
+        else addRowSpanHeader (accountCell $ msg totalRowHeadingSpreadsheet) $
                 rowAsText Total (simpleDateSpanCell period_titles_) tr
     rowAsText rc dsCell =
         map (map (fmap wbToText)) .
@@ -957,8 +964,9 @@ multiBalanceReportAsPartTable
      (Group multiColumnTableInterColumnBorder $ map Header colheadings)
      (concat rows)
   where
+    msg = Msg.getText (catalog_ opts)
     colheadings =
-      ["Commodity" | layout_ opts == LayoutBare]
+      [msg Msg.Commodity | layout_ opts == LayoutBare]
       ++
       case layout_ opts of
           LayoutBareWide ->
@@ -968,8 +976,8 @@ multiBalanceReportAsPartTable
     spanNames =
         (guard (not summary_only_) >>
             map (reportPeriodName (period_titles_ opts) balanceaccum_ spans) spans)
-        ++ ["  Total" | multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn opts]
-        ++ ["Average" | average_]
+        ++ [msg Msg.RightTotal | multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn opts]
+        ++ [msg Msg.RightAverage | average_]
     (accts, rows) = unzip $ fmap fullRowAsTexts items'
       where
         isLeaf rs row = not $ any (\r -> T.isPrefixOf (displayFull (prrName row) <> ":") (displayFull (prrName r))) rs
@@ -984,7 +992,7 @@ multiBalanceReportAsPartTable
       | no_total_ opts = id
       | otherwise =
         let totalrows = multiBalanceRowAsText opts allCommodities tr
-            rowhdrs = Group NoLine $ map Header $ totalRowHeadingText : replicate (length totalrows - 1) ""
+            rowhdrs = Group NoLine $ map Header $ msg totalRowHeadingText : replicate (length totalrows - 1) ""
             colhdrs = Header [] -- unused, concatTables will discard
         in (flip (concatTables SingleLine) $ Table rowhdrs colhdrs totalrows)
     maybetranspose | transpose_ opts = \(Table rh ch vals) -> Table ch rh (transpose vals)
@@ -1141,15 +1149,17 @@ budgetReportAsTable ropts@ReportOpts{..} (PeriodicReport spans items totrow) =
       | no_total_ = id
       | otherwise =
         let
-          rowhdrs = Group NoLine $ map Header $ totalRowHeadingBudgetText : replicate (length totalrows - 1) ""
+          rowhdrs = Group NoLine $ map Header $ msg totalRowHeadingBudgetText : replicate (length totalrows - 1) ""
           colhdrs = Header [] -- ignored by concatTables
         in
           (flip (concatTables SingleLine) $ Table rowhdrs colhdrs totalrows)  -- XXX ?
 
-    colheadings = ["Commodity" | layout_ == LayoutBare]
+    msg = Msg.getText catalog_
+
+    colheadings = [msg Msg.Commodity | layout_ == LayoutBare]
                   ++ (if not summary_only_ then map (reportPeriodName period_titles_ balanceaccum_ spans) spans else [])
-                  ++ ["  Total" | row_total_]
-                  ++ ["Average" | average_]
+                  ++ [msg Msg.RightTotal | row_total_]
+                  ++ [msg Msg.RightAverage | average_]
 
     (accts, rows, totalrows) =
       (accts'
@@ -1368,10 +1378,11 @@ budgetReportAsSpreadsheet
 
     -- totals row
     ++ addTotalBorders
-          (concat [ rowAsTexts Total (cell totalRowHeadingBudgetCsv) totrow | not no_total_ ])
+          (concat [ rowAsTexts Total (cell $ msg totalRowHeadingBudgetCsv) totrow | not no_total_ ])
     )
 
   where
+    msg = Msg.getText catalog_
     cell = Ods.defaultCell
     accountCell row =
         let name = prrFullName row in
@@ -1389,13 +1400,13 @@ budgetReportAsSpreadsheet
               leadingHeaders ++ (dateHeaders >> allCommodities)]
       _ -> [addHeaderBorders $ map headerCell $ leadingHeaders ++ dateHeaders]
     leadingHeaders =
-      "Account" : ["Commodity" | layout_ == LayoutBare ]
+      msg Msg.Account : [msg Msg.Commodity | layout_ == LayoutBare ]
     dateHeaders =
       (if not summary_only_
-            then concatMap (\spn -> [renderPeriodHeading period_titles_ spn, "budget"]) colspans
+            then concatMap (\spn -> [renderPeriodHeading period_titles_ spn, msg Msg.Budget]) colspans
             else [])
-       ++ concat [["Total"  ,"budget"] | row_total_]
-       ++ concat [["Average","budget"] | average_]
+       ++ concat [[msg Msg.Total  , msg Msg.Budget] | row_total_]
+       ++ concat [[msg Msg.Average, msg Msg.Budget] | average_]
     allCommodities =
        S.toAscList $
        foldMap (foldMap maCommodities . concatMap (\(change,goal) -> maybeToList change ++ maybeToList goal) . prrAmounts) items
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheet.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheet.hs
index c2bca00685f..52bcc4d6e64 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheet.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheet.hs
@@ -16,21 +16,22 @@ import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit
 
 import Hledger
 import Hledger.Cli.CliOptions
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 import Hledger.Cli.CompoundBalanceCommand
 
 balancesheetSpec = CompoundBalanceCommandSpec {
   cbcdoc      = $(embedFileRelative "Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheet.txt"),
-  cbctitle    = "Balance Sheet",
+  cbctitle    = Msg.Noun Msg.BalanceSheet,
   cbcqueries  = [
      CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Assets"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Assets
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Asset]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyPositive})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=id
      ,cbcsubreportincreasestotal=True
      }
     ,CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Liabilities"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Liabilities
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Liability]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyNegative})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=fmap maNegate
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheetequity.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheetequity.hs
index 00a66430712..0dcc34970f4 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheetequity.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheetequity.hs
@@ -17,28 +17,29 @@ import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit
 
 import Hledger
 import Hledger.Cli.CliOptions
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 import Hledger.Cli.CompoundBalanceCommand
 
 balancesheetequitySpec = CompoundBalanceCommandSpec {
   cbcdoc      = $(embedFileRelative "Hledger/Cli/Commands/Balancesheetequity.txt"),
-  cbctitle    = "Balance Sheet With Equity",
+  cbctitle    = Msg.Noun Msg.BalanceSheetWithEquity,
   cbcqueries  = [
      CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Assets"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Assets
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Asset]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyPositive})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=id
      ,cbcsubreportincreasestotal=True
      }
     ,CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Liabilities"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Liabilities
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Liability]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyNegative})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=fmap maNegate
      ,cbcsubreportincreasestotal=False
      }
     ,CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Equity"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Equity
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Equity]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyNegative})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=fmap maNegate
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Cashflow.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Cashflow.hs
index 7f9630f1ec0..a60f3f6c6ec 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Cashflow.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Cashflow.hs
@@ -20,14 +20,15 @@ import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit
 
 import Hledger
 import Hledger.Cli.CliOptions
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 import Hledger.Cli.CompoundBalanceCommand
 
 cashflowSpec = CompoundBalanceCommandSpec {
   cbcdoc      = $(embedFileRelative "Hledger/Cli/Commands/Cashflow.txt"),
-  cbctitle    = "Cashflow Statement",
+  cbctitle    = Msg.Noun Msg.CashflowStatement,
   cbcqueries  = [
      CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Cash flows"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.CashFlows
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Cash]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_= Just NormallyPositive})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=id
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Incomestatement.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Incomestatement.hs
index 59cb4e032c6..97255a69278 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Incomestatement.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Incomestatement.hs
@@ -16,21 +16,22 @@ import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit
 
 import Hledger
 import Hledger.Cli.CliOptions
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 import Hledger.Cli.CompoundBalanceCommand
 
 incomestatementSpec = CompoundBalanceCommandSpec {
   cbcdoc      = $(embedFileRelative "Hledger/Cli/Commands/Incomestatement.txt"),
-  cbctitle    = "Income Statement",
+  cbctitle    = Msg.Noun Msg.IncomeStatement,
   cbcqueries  = [
      CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Revenues"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Revenues
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Revenue]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyNegative})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=fmap maNegate
      ,cbcsubreportincreasestotal=True
      }
     ,CBCSubreportSpec{
-      cbcsubreporttitle="Expenses"
+      cbcsubreporttitle=Msg.Expenses
      ,cbcsubreportquery=Type [Expense]
      ,cbcsubreportoptions=(\ropts -> ropts{normalbalance_=Just NormallyPositive})
      ,cbcsubreporttransform=id
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Stats.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Stats.hs
index 624030b3132..2f0f125b2bd 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Stats.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Commands/Stats.hs
@@ -172,8 +172,9 @@ showLedgerStats verbose l today spn =
          showelapsed Nothing = ""
          showelapsed (Just dys) = printf " (%d %s)" dys' direction
                                    where dys' = abs dys
-                                         direction | dys >= 0 = "days ago" :: String
-                                                   | otherwise = "days from now"
+                                         unit = if dys' == 1 then "day" else "days" :: String
+                                         direction | dys >= 0 = unit ++ " ago"
+                                                   | otherwise = unit ++ " from now"
          tnum1 = length ts  -- Integer would be better
          showstart (DateSpan (Just efd) _) = show $ fromEFDay efd
          showstart _ = ""
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CompoundBalanceCommand.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CompoundBalanceCommand.hs
index d454980126d..2e6b58f3ccd 100644
--- a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CompoundBalanceCommand.hs
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/CompoundBalanceCommand.hs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import Data.List.NonEmpty qualified as NonEmpty
 import Data.Text qualified as T
 import Data.Text.Lazy qualified as TL
 import Data.Text.Lazy.Builder qualified as TB
+import Data.Gettext (Catalog, loadCatalog)
 import Data.Time.Calendar (Day, addDays)
 import System.Console.CmdArgs.Explicit as C (Mode, flagNone, flagReq)
 import System.IO qualified as IO
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ import Hledger.Write.Html (formatRow, formatTitle, htmlAsLazyText, nl, Html, toH
 import Hledger.Write.Html.Attribute (stylesheet, tableStyle)
 import Hledger.Write.Ods (printFods)
 import Hledger.Write.Spreadsheet qualified as Spr
+import Hledger.Cli.Message qualified as Msg
 
 -- | Description of a compound balance report command,
 -- from which we generate the command's cmdargs mode and IO action.
@@ -61,8 +63,9 @@ import Hledger.Write.Spreadsheet qualified as Spr
 --
 data CompoundBalanceCommandSpec = CompoundBalanceCommandSpec {
   cbcdoc      :: CommandHelpStr,                  -- ^ the command's name(s) and documentation
-  cbctitle    :: String,                          -- ^ overall report title
-  cbcqueries  :: [CBCSubreportSpec DisplayName],  -- ^ subreport details
+  cbctitle    :: Msg.Message,                     -- ^ overall report title
+  cbcqueries  :: [CBCSubreportSpec Msg.Message DisplayName],
+                                                  -- ^ subreport details
   cbcaccum    :: BalanceAccumulation              -- ^ how to accumulate balances (per-period, cumulative, historical)
                                                   --   (overrides command line flags)
 }
@@ -136,8 +139,14 @@ compoundBalanceCommandMode CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} =
 
 -- | Generate a runnable command from a compound balance command specification.
 compoundBalanceCommand :: CompoundBalanceCommandSpec -> (CliOpts -> Journal -> IO ())
-compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=rspec, rawopts_=rawopts} j = do
-    writeOutputLazyText opts $ render $ styleAmounts styles cbr
+compoundBalanceCommand spec opts j =
+  compoundBalanceCommandWithCatalog spec opts j
+    =<< traverse loadCatalog (catalog_file_ opts)
+
+compoundBalanceCommandWithCatalog ::
+  CompoundBalanceCommandSpec -> CliOpts -> Journal -> Maybe Catalog -> IO ()
+compoundBalanceCommandWithCatalog CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=rspec, rawopts_=rawopts} j maybeCat = do
+  writeOutputLazyText opts $ render $ styleAmounts styles cbr
   where
     styles = journalCommodityStylesWith HardRounding j
     ropts@ReportOpts{..} = _rsReportOpts rspec
@@ -145,11 +154,11 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
     mbalanceAccumulationOverride = balanceAccumulationOverride rawopts
     balanceaccumulation = fromMaybe cbcaccum mbalanceAccumulationOverride
     -- Set balance type in the report options.
-    ropts' = ropts{balanceaccum_=balanceaccumulation}
+    ropts' = ropts{balanceaccum_=balanceaccumulation, catalog_ = maybeCat}
+    msg = Msg.getText maybeCat
 
     title =
-         maybe "" (<>" ") mintervalstr
-      <> T.pack cbctitle
+         mainTitle
       <> " "
       <> titledatestr
       <> maybe "" (" "<>) mtitleclarification
@@ -168,7 +177,12 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
             enddates = map (addDays (-1)) . mapMaybe spanEnd $ cbrDates cbr  -- these spans will always have a definite end date
             requestedspan = fst $ reportSpan j rspec
 
-        mintervalstr = showInterval interval_
+        mainTitle =
+            maybe ""
+                (\iv -> Msg.getInflected maybeCat iv (Msg.getGenus maybeCat cbctitle))
+                (intervalMsg interval_)
+            <>
+            msg cbctitle
 
         -- when user overrides, add an indication to the report title
         -- Do we need to deal with overridden BalanceCalculation?
@@ -203,9 +217,14 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
     -- make a CompoundBalanceReport. The default heading is the auto-generated
     -- title above; --title=TEXT overrides it (and =empty suppresses).
     -- --subreport-titles=A|B|... overrides per-subreport titles.
+    cbr' :: CompoundPeriodicReport Msg.Message DisplayName MixedAmount
     cbr' = compoundBalanceReport rspec{_rsReportOpts=ropts'} j cbcqueries
+    cbr  :: CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text DisplayName MixedAmount
     cbr  = applySubreportTitles ropts' $
-           cbr'{cbrTitle = effectiveTitle ropts' title}
+           cbr'{cbrTitle = effectiveTitle ropts' title,
+                cbrSubreports = map (mapFst3 msg) $ cbrSubreports cbr'}
+    -- ToDo: move to Utils
+    mapFst3 f (a,b,c) = (f a, b, c)
 
     -- render appropriately
     render = case outputFormatFromOpts opts of
@@ -224,7 +243,10 @@ compoundBalanceCommand CompoundBalanceCommandSpec{..} opts@CliOpts{reportspec_=r
 -- A `|`-separated argument overrides the corresponding subreport titles, in
 -- order; subreports beyond the supplied list keep their default title. An
 -- explicit empty argument suppresses all default subreport titles.
-applySubreportTitles :: ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport a b -> CompoundPeriodicReport a b
+applySubreportTitles ::
+  ReportOpts ->
+  CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text a b ->
+  CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text a b
 applySubreportTitles ropts cbr@CompoundPeriodicReport{cbrSubreports=subs} =
   case subreport_titles_ ropts of
     Nothing -> cbr
@@ -236,22 +258,22 @@ applySubreportTitles ropts cbr@CompoundPeriodicReport{cbrSubreports=subs} =
           in  cbr{cbrSubreports = zipWith replace [0..] subs}
 
 -- | Show a simplified description of an Interval.
-showInterval :: Interval -> Maybe T.Text
-showInterval = \case
+intervalMsg :: Interval -> Maybe Msg.Interval
+intervalMsg = \case
   NoInterval -> Nothing
-  Days 1     -> Just "Daily"
-  Weeks 1    -> Just "Weekly"
-  Weeks 2    -> Just "Biweekly"
-  Months 1   -> Just "Monthly"
-  Months 2   -> Just "Bimonthly"
-  Months 3   -> Just "Quarterly"
-  Months 6   -> Just "Half-yearly"
-  Months 12  -> Just "Yearly"
-  Quarters 1 -> Just "Quarterly"
-  Quarters 2 -> Just "Half-yearly"
-  Years 1    -> Just "Yearly"
-  Years 2    -> Just "Biannual"
-  _          -> Just "Periodic"
+  Days 1     -> Just Msg.Days1
+  Weeks 1    -> Just Msg.Weeks1
+  Weeks 2    -> Just Msg.Weeks2
+  Months 1   -> Just Msg.Months1
+  Months 2   -> Just Msg.Months2
+  Months 3   -> Just Msg.Months3
+  Months 6   -> Just Msg.Months6
+  Months 12  -> Just Msg.Years1
+  Quarters 1 -> Just Msg.Months3
+  Quarters 2 -> Just Msg.Months6
+  Years 1    -> Just Msg.Years1
+  Years 2    -> Just Msg.Years2
+  _          -> Just Msg.Periodic
 
 -- | Summarise one or more (inclusive) end dates, in a way that's
 -- visually different from showDateSpan, suggesting discrete end dates
@@ -283,12 +305,14 @@ Balance Sheet
  Total       ||           1        1        1
 
 -}
-compoundBalanceReportAsText :: ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport DisplayName MixedAmount -> TL.Text
+compoundBalanceReportAsText ::
+  ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text DisplayName MixedAmount -> TL.Text
 compoundBalanceReportAsText ropts (CompoundPeriodicReport title _colspans subreports totalsrow) =
   TB.toLazyText $
     titleBuilder <>
     multiBalanceReportTableAsText ropts bigtablewithtotalsrow
   where
+    msg = Msg.getText (catalog_ ropts)
     titleBuilder | T.null title = mempty
                  | otherwise    = TB.fromText title <> TB.fromText "\n\n"
     bigtable =
@@ -315,7 +339,7 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsText ropts (CompoundPeriodicReport title _colspans subrep
           --  ]
           coltotalslines = multiBalanceRowAsText ropts allCommodities totalsrow
           totalstable = Table
-            (Group NoLine $ map Header $ "Net:" : replicate (length coltotalslines - 1) "")  -- row headers
+            (Group NoLine $ map Header $ msg Msg.Net : replicate (length coltotalslines - 1) "")  -- row headers
             (Header [])     -- column headers, concatTables will discard these
             coltotalslines  -- cell values         
 
@@ -343,12 +367,14 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsText ropts (CompoundPeriodicReport title _colspans subrep
 -- Subreports' CSV is concatenated, with the headings rows replaced by a
 -- subreport title row, and an overall title row, one headings row, and an
 -- optional overall totals row is added.
-compoundBalanceReportAsCsv :: ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport DisplayName MixedAmount -> CSV
+compoundBalanceReportAsCsv ::
+  ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text DisplayName MixedAmount -> CSV
 compoundBalanceReportAsCsv ropts cbr =
     let spreadsheet =
             snd $ snd $
             compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet
-                machineFmt "Account" Nothing ropts cbr
+                machineFmt (msg Msg.Account) Nothing ropts cbr
+        msg = Msg.getText (catalog_ ropts)
         title = cbrTitle cbr
         titleRows | T.null title = []
                   | otherwise =
@@ -358,7 +384,8 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsCsv ropts cbr =
         titleRows ++ NonEmpty.toList spreadsheet
 
 -- | Render a compound balance report as HTML.
-compoundBalanceReportAsHtml :: ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport DisplayName MixedAmount -> Html
+compoundBalanceReportAsHtml ::
+  ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text DisplayName MixedAmount -> Html
 compoundBalanceReportAsHtml ropts cbr =
   let (title, (_fixed, cells)) =
           compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet
@@ -380,16 +407,17 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsHtml ropts cbr =
 -- | Render a compound balance report as Spreadsheet.
 compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet ::
   AmountFormat -> T.Text -> Maybe T.Text ->
-  ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport DisplayName MixedAmount ->
+  ReportOpts -> CompoundPeriodicReport T.Text DisplayName MixedAmount ->
   (T.Text, ((Int, Int), NonEmpty [Spr.Cell Spr.NumLines T.Text]))
 compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet fmt accountLabel maybeBlank ropts cbr =
   let
     CompoundPeriodicReport title colspans subreports totalrow = cbr
+    msg = Msg.getText (catalog_ ropts)
     leadingHeaders =
       Spr.headerCell accountLabel :
       case layout_ ropts of
           LayoutTidy -> map Spr.headerCell tidyColumnLabels
-          LayoutBare -> [Spr.headerCell "Commodity"]
+          LayoutBare -> [Spr.headerCell $ msg Msg.Commodity]
           _ -> []
     dataHeaders =
       (guard (layout_ ropts /= LayoutTidy) >>) $
@@ -397,8 +425,8 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet fmt accountLabel maybeBlank ropts cbr =
         (reportPeriodName
             (period_titles_ ropts) (balanceaccum_ ropts) colspans)
         (if not (summary_only_ ropts) then colspans else []) ++
-      (guard (multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn ropts) >> ["Total"]) ++
-      (guard (average_ ropts) >> ["Average"])
+      (guard (multiBalanceHasTotalsColumn ropts) >> [msg Msg.Total]) ++
+      (guard (average_ ropts) >> [msg Msg.Average])
     headerrow =
       leadingHeaders ++
       concatMap (Spr.horizontalSpan subColumns . Spr.headerCell) dataHeaders
@@ -446,7 +474,7 @@ compoundBalanceReportAsSpreadsheet fmt accountLabel maybeBlank ropts cbr =
                              -- make a table of rendered lines of the report totals row
         & map (map (fmap wbToText))
         & Spr.addRowSpanHeader
-            ((Spr.defaultCell "Net:") {Spr.cellClass = accountClass})
+            ((Spr.defaultCell $ msg Msg.Net) {Spr.cellClass = accountClass})
                              -- insert a headings column, with Net: on the first line only
         & addTotalBorders    -- marking the first row for special styling
 
diff --git a/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Message.hs b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Message.hs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a1eb2e2a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hledger/Hledger/Cli/Message.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+{-|
+List of all texts the CLI program can output in different languages
+and related utilities.
+-}
+
+module Hledger.Cli.Message (
+   Message(..)
+  ,Noun(..)
+  ,Interval(..)
+  ,Genus
+  ,getText
+  ,getGenus
+  ,getInflected
+)
+where
+
+import Data.Default (Default(def))
+import Data.ByteString.Char8 qualified as B
+import Data.Text (Text)
+import Data.Text qualified as T
+import Data.Text.Lazy qualified as TL
+import Data.Text.Encoding qualified as TE
+-- import Text.Printf (printf)
+
+import Data.Gettext (Catalog, gettext)
+
+
+-- | List of all hledger text messages
+data Message =
+    None
+  | Account
+  | Revenues
+  | Expenses
+  | Assets
+  | Liabilities
+  | Equity
+  | CashFlows
+  | Net
+  | Total
+  | Average
+  | RightTotal
+  | RightAverage
+  | Commodity
+  | Balance
+  | Budget
+  | Noun Noun
+  | Interval Interval
+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show)
+
+instance Default Message where
+  def = None
+
+data Noun =
+    BalanceSheet
+  | BalanceSheetWithEquity
+  | IncomeStatement
+  | CashflowStatement
+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Enum, Bounded)
+
+data Interval =
+    Periodic
+  | Days1
+  | Weeks1
+  | Weeks2
+  | Months1
+  | Months2
+  | Months3
+  | Months6
+  | Years1
+  | Years2
+  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Enum, Bounded)
+
+
+-- ToDo: We must ensure that a Catalog is always available, we must embed a standard catalog
+getText :: Maybe Catalog -> Message -> Text
+getText Nothing = T.pack . makeKey
+getText (Just cat) = TL.toStrict . gettext cat . B.pack . makeKey
+
+newtype Genus = Genus B.ByteString
+
+getGenus :: Maybe Catalog -> Message -> Genus
+getGenus (Just cat) (Noun noun) =
+    Genus . TE.encodeUtf8 . TL.toStrict .
+    gettext cat . B.pack $ (show noun ++ "_genus")
+getGenus _cat _msg = Genus $ B.empty
+
+getInflected :: Maybe Catalog -> Interval -> Genus -> Text
+getInflected Nothing i _g = T.pack $ show i
+getInflected (Just cat) i (Genus g) =
+    TL.toStrict . gettext cat $ B.pack (show i) <> g
+
+makeKey :: Message -> String
+makeKey (Interval i) = show i
+makeKey (Noun noun) = show noun
+makeKey msg = show msg
+
diff --git a/hledger/hledger.cabal b/hledger/hledger.cabal
index 8552091aec1..e06a03f9fd6 100644
--- a/hledger/hledger.cabal
+++ b/hledger/hledger.cabal
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ library
       Hledger.Cli.CompoundBalanceCommand
       Hledger.Cli.Conf
       Hledger.Cli.DocFiles
+      Hledger.Cli.Message
       Hledger.Cli.Script
       Hledger.Cli.Utils
       Hledger.Cli.Version
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ library
     , githash >=0.1.6.2
     , hashable >=1.2.4
     , haskeline >=0.6
+    , haskell-gettext
     , hledger-lib ==1.99.*
     , http-client
     , http-types
@@ -226,6 +228,7 @@ executable hledger
     , filepath
     , githash >=0.1.6.2
     , haskeline >=0.6
+    , haskell-gettext
     , hledger
     , hledger-lib ==1.99.*
     , http-client
@@ -278,6 +281,7 @@ test-suite unittest
     , filepath
     , githash >=0.1.6.2
     , haskeline >=0.6
+    , haskell-gettext
     , hledger
     , hledger-lib ==1.99.*
     , http-client
@@ -331,6 +335,7 @@ benchmark bench
     , filepath
     , githash >=0.1.6.2
     , haskeline >=0.6
+    , haskell-gettext
     , hledger
     , hledger-lib ==1.99.*
     , html
diff --git a/hledger/package.yaml b/hledger/package.yaml
index 74e8a28867a..ce936d1be78 100644
--- a/hledger/package.yaml
+++ b/hledger/package.yaml
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ dependencies:
 # But for older (or older-GHC) stackage snapshots, we must still allow builds with older haskeline,
 # even though they will have the add display bug on Windows. I think this is the best we can do for now.
 - haskeline >=0.6
+- haskell-gettext
 - http-client
 - http-types
 - microlens >=0.4
diff --git a/hledger/po/de.po b/hledger/po/de.po
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9586522017c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hledger/po/de.po
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Language: de\n"
+
+msgid "None"
+msgstr " "
+
+msgid "Account"
+msgstr "Posten"
+
+msgid "Revenues"
+msgstr "Einnahmen"
+
+msgid "Expenses"
+msgstr "Ausgaben"
+
+msgid "Assets"
+msgstr "Vermögen"
+
+msgid "Liabilities"
+msgstr "Verbindlichkeiten"
+
+msgid "Equity"
+msgstr "Eigenkapital"
+
+msgid "CashFlows"
+msgstr "Kapitalflüsse"
+
+msgid "Net"
+msgstr "Überschuss:"
+#msgstr "Gewinn:"
+
+msgid "Total"
+msgstr "Gesamt:"
+
+msgid "Average"
+msgstr "Durchschnitt"
+
+msgid "RightTotal"
+msgstr "      Gesamt"
+
+msgid "RightAverage"
+msgstr "Durchschnitt"
+
+
+msgid "Commodity"
+msgstr "Einheit"
+
+msgid "Balance"
+msgstr "Bilanz"
+
+msgid "Budget"
+msgstr "Budget"
+
+
+msgid "IncomeStatement"
+msgstr "Einnahmenüberschussrechnung"
+
+msgid "IncomeStatement_genus"
+msgstr "_f"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheet"
+msgstr "Bilanz"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheet_genus"
+msgstr "_f"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheetWithEquity"
+msgstr "Bilanz mit Eigenkapital"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheetWithEquity_genus"
+msgstr "_f"
+
+msgid "CashflowStatement"
+msgstr "Kapitalflussrechnung"
+
+msgid "CashflowStatement_genus"
+msgstr "_f"
+
+
+msgid "Periodic_f"
+msgstr "Periodische "
+
+msgid "Days1_f"
+msgstr "Tägliche "
+
+msgid "Weeks1_f"
+msgstr "Wöchentliche "
+
+msgid "Weeks2_f"
+msgstr "Zweiwöchentliche "
+
+msgid "Months1_f"
+msgstr "Monatliche "
+
+msgid "Months2_f"
+msgstr "Zweimonatliche "
+
+msgid "Months3_f"
+msgstr "Vierteljährliche "
+
+msgid "Months6_f"
+msgstr "Halbjährliche "
+
+msgid "Years1_f"
+msgstr "Jährliche "
+
+msgid "Years2_f"
+msgstr "Zweijährliche "
diff --git a/hledger/po/en.po b/hledger/po/en.po
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba99235daa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hledger/po/en.po
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Language: de\n"
+
+msgid "None"
+msgstr " "
+
+msgid "Account"
+msgstr "Account"
+
+msgid "Revenues"
+msgstr "Revenues"
+
+msgid "Expenses"
+msgstr "Expenses"
+
+msgid "Assets"
+msgstr "Assets"
+
+msgid "Liabilities"
+msgstr "Liabilities"
+
+msgid "Equity"
+msgstr "Equity"
+
+msgid "CashFlows"
+msgstr "Cash flows"
+
+msgid "Net"
+msgstr "Net:"
+
+msgid "Total"
+msgstr "Total:"
+
+msgid "Average"
+msgstr "Average"
+
+msgid "RightTotal"
+msgstr "  Total"
+
+msgid "RightAverage"
+msgstr "Average"
+
+
+msgid "Commodity"
+msgstr "Commodity"
+
+msgid "Balance"
+msgstr "Balance"
+
+msgid "Budget"
+msgstr "Budget"
+
+
+msgid "IncomeStatement"
+msgstr "Income Statement"
+
+msgid "IncomeStatement_genus"
+msgstr "_"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheet"
+msgstr "Balance Sheet"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheet_genus"
+msgstr "_"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheetWithEquity"
+msgstr "Balance Sheet With Equity"
+
+msgid "BalanceSheetWithEquity_genus"
+msgstr "_"
+
+msgid "CashflowStatement"
+msgstr "Cashflow Statement"
+
+msgid "CashflowStatement_genus"
+msgstr "_"
+
+
+msgid "Periodic_"
+msgstr "Periodic "
+
+msgid "Days1_"
+msgstr "Daily "
+
+msgid "Weeks1_"
+msgstr "Weekly "
+
+msgid "Weeks2_"
+msgstr "Biweekly "
+
+msgid "Months1_"
+msgstr "Monthly "
+
+msgid "Months2_"
+msgstr "Bimonthly "
+
+msgid "Months3_"
+msgstr "Quarterly "
+
+msgid "Months6_"
+msgstr "Half-yearly "
+
+msgid "Years1_"
+msgstr "Yearly "
+
+msgid "Years2_"
+msgstr "Biennial "
diff --git a/stack.yaml b/stack.yaml
index bdfdd7efae9..5d52125805e 100644
--- a/stack.yaml
+++ b/stack.yaml
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ packages:
 compiler: ghc-9.14
 resolver: nightly-2026-09-01
 
-extra-deps: []
+extra-deps:
+- haskell-gettext-0.1.2.0