The STM32F103 series of microcontrollers needs an external 1.5 kOhm pullup resistor to the 3.3 V supply rail on the D+ line for proper used, as per table 3 in section 2.1 of AN4879.
This explains why previous boards failed to work with USB communications. The TITAN 2022 board managed to work because there was a 10 kOhm resistor for this pullup, likely the minimum needed for this.
There is also no need for the 22 Ohm resistors on the USB data lines.
The STM32F103 series of microcontrollers needs an external 1.5 kOhm pullup resistor to the 3.3 V supply rail on the D+ line for proper used, as per table 3 in section 2.1 of AN4879.
This explains why previous boards failed to work with USB communications. The TITAN 2022 board managed to work because there was a 10 kOhm resistor for this pullup, likely the minimum needed for this.
There is also no need for the 22 Ohm resistors on the USB data lines.