From bd4c1c520bc2ed4abe285eaf5aafc289e931d44c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philipp Rehner <prehner@ethz.ch>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 13:20:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Update num-dual dependency to 0.15

---
 CHANGELOG.md |  4 +++
 Cargo.toml   |  4 +--
 README.md    |  2 +-
 src/ad.rs    | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 src/lib.rs   |  2 +-
 src/ops.rs   |  6 ++--
 6 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 979ca81..71c08ba 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.15.0] - 2026-08-12
+### Packaging
+- Updated `num-dual` dependency to 0.15.
+
 ## [0.14.1] - 2026-07-24
 ### Added
 - Added `into_dimensionality` and `into_dyn` for quantities of arrays. [#119](https://github.com/itt-ustutt/quantity/pull/119)
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 5b0f580..89921e9 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "quantity"
-version = "0.14.1"
+version = "0.15.0"
 authors = [
     "Philipp Rehner <prehner@ethz.ch>",
     "Gernot Bauer <bauer@itt.uni-stuttgart.de>",
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ nalgebra = { version = "0.35", optional = true }
 approx = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
 pyo3 = { version = "0.29", optional = true }
 numpy = { version = "0.29", optional = true }
-num-dual = { version = "0.14", optional = true }
+num-dual = { version = "0.15", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 approx = "0.5"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3a53652..7981eba 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Add this to your `Cargo.toml`:
 
 ```
 [dependencies]
-quantity = "0.14"
+quantity = "0.15"
 ```
 
 ## Examples
diff --git a/src/ad.rs b/src/ad.rs
index 6a3920f..16517b3 100644
--- a/src/ad.rs
+++ b/src/ad.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use num_dual::{
 };
 use std::ops::Sub;
 
-impl<F, T: DualStruct<F>, U> DualStruct<F> for Quantity<T, U> {
+impl<T: DualStruct, U> DualStruct for Quantity<T, U> {
     type Real = Quantity<T::Real, U>;
     type Inner = Quantity<T::Inner, U>;
 
@@ -19,21 +19,21 @@ impl<F, T: DualStruct<F>, U> DualStruct<F> for Quantity<T, U> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn zeroth_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(g: G, x: Quantity<T, UX>) -> Quantity<T, UY>
+pub fn zeroth_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY>(g: G, x: Quantity<T, UX>) -> Quantity<T, UY>
 where
-    G: Fn(Quantity<Real<T, f64>, UX>) -> Quantity<Real<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<Real<T>, UX>) -> Quantity<Real<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = num_dual::zeroth_derivative(|x| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, x.0);
     Quantity::new(r)
 }
 
-pub fn first_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(
+pub fn first_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY>(
     g: G,
     x: Quantity<T, UX>,
 ) -> (Quantity<T, UY>, Quantity<T, Diff<UY, UX>>)
 where
-    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual<T, f64>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual<T>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = num_dual::first_derivative(|x| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, x.0);
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn gradient<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, N: Dim>(
+pub fn gradient<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, N: Dim>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (Quantity<T, UY>, Quantity<OVector<T, N>, Diff<UY, UX>>)
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N>,
-    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, f64, N>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<DualVec<T, f64, N>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, N>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<DualVec<T, N>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = num_dual::gradient(|x| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, &x.0);
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn gradient_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
+pub fn gradient_copy<G, T: DualNum + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (Quantity<T, UY>, Quantity<OVector<T, N>, Diff<UY, UX>>)
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N>,
-    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T, f64>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<N::Dual<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<N::Dual<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = N::gradient(|x, _: &()| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, &x.0, &());
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn jacobian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
+pub fn jacobian<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -78,9 +78,7 @@ pub fn jacobian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
 )
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<M> + Allocator<N> + Allocator<M, N> + Allocator<U1, N>,
-    G: Fn(
-        Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, f64, N>, N>, UX>,
-    ) -> Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, f64, N>, M>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, N>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<OVector<DualVec<T, N>, M>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = num_dual::jacobian(|x| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, &x.0);
@@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn jacobian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
+pub fn jacobian_copy<G, T: DualNum + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ pub fn jacobian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
 )
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N> + Allocator<N> + Allocator<N, N> + Allocator<U1, N>,
-    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T, f64>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T, f64>, N>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<OVector<N::Dual<T>, N>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
 {
     let r = N::jacobian(|x, _: &()| g(Quantity::new(x)).0, &x.0, &());
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn second_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(
+pub fn second_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY>(
     g: G,
     x: Quantity<T, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn second_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(
     Quantity<T, Diff<Diff<UY, UX>, UX>>,
 )
 where
-    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual2<T, f64>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual2<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual2<T>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual2<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
     Diff<UY, UX>: Sub<UX>,
 {
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn hessian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, N: Dim>(
+pub fn hessian<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, N: Dim>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ pub fn hessian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, N: Dim>(
 )
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N> + Allocator<U1, N> + Allocator<N, N>,
-    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<Dual2Vec<T, f64, N>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual2Vec<T, f64, N>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<Dual2Vec<T, N>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual2Vec<T, N>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
     Diff<UY, UX>: Sub<UX>,
 {
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
+pub fn hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
     g: G,
     x: &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ pub fn hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, N: Gradients>(
 )
 where
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N> + Allocator<N, N>,
-    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual2<T, f64>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<N::Dual2<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<OVector<N::Dual2<T>, N>, UX>) -> Quantity<N::Dual2<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
     Diff<UY, UX>: Sub<UX>,
 {
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn second_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ>(
+pub fn second_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, UZ>(
     g: G,
     (x, y): (Quantity<T, UX>, Quantity<T, UY>),
 ) -> (
@@ -171,12 +169,7 @@ pub fn second_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ>(
     Quantity<T, Diff<Diff<UZ, UX>, UY>>,
 )
 where
-    G: Fn(
-        (
-            Quantity<HyperDual<T, f64>, UX>,
-            Quantity<HyperDual<T, f64>, UY>,
-        ),
-    ) -> Quantity<HyperDual<T, f64>, UZ>,
+    G: Fn((Quantity<HyperDual<T>, UX>, Quantity<HyperDual<T>, UY>)) -> Quantity<HyperDual<T>, UZ>,
     UZ: Sub<UX>,
     UZ: Sub<UY>,
     Diff<UZ, UX>: Sub<UY>,
@@ -194,7 +187,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn partial_hessian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
+pub fn partial_hessian<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, UZ, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
     g: G,
     (x, y): (&Quantity<OVector<T, M>, UX>, &Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UY>),
 ) -> (
@@ -206,10 +199,10 @@ pub fn partial_hessian<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ, M: Dim, N: Dim>(
 where
     G: Fn(
         (
-            Quantity<OVector<HyperDualVec<T, f64, M, N>, M>, UX>,
-            Quantity<OVector<HyperDualVec<T, f64, M, N>, N>, UY>,
+            Quantity<OVector<HyperDualVec<T, M, N>, M>, UX>,
+            Quantity<OVector<HyperDualVec<T, M, N>, N>, UY>,
         ),
-    ) -> Quantity<HyperDualVec<T, f64, M, N>, UZ>,
+    ) -> Quantity<HyperDualVec<T, M, N>, UZ>,
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N> + Allocator<M> + Allocator<M, N> + Allocator<U1, N>,
     UZ: Sub<UX>,
     UZ: Sub<UY>,
@@ -228,7 +221,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn partial_hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, UZ, N: Gradients>(
+pub fn partial_hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum + Copy, UX, UY, UZ, N: Gradients>(
     g: G,
     (x, y): (&Quantity<OVector<T, N>, UX>, Quantity<T, UY>),
 ) -> (
@@ -240,10 +233,10 @@ pub fn partial_hessian_copy<G, T: DualNum<f64> + Copy, UX, UY, UZ, N: Gradients>
 where
     G: Fn(
         (
-            Quantity<OVector<N::HyperDual<T, f64>, N>, UX>,
-            Quantity<N::HyperDual<T, f64>, UY>,
+            Quantity<OVector<N::HyperDual<T>, N>, UX>,
+            Quantity<N::HyperDual<T>, UY>,
         ),
-    ) -> Quantity<N::HyperDual<T, f64>, UZ>,
+    ) -> Quantity<N::HyperDual<T>, UZ>,
     DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N>,
     UZ: Sub<UX>,
     UZ: Sub<UY>,
@@ -264,7 +257,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn third_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(
+pub fn third_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY>(
     g: G,
     x: Quantity<T, UX>,
 ) -> (
@@ -274,7 +267,7 @@ pub fn third_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY>(
     Quantity<T, Diff<Diff<Diff<UY, UX>, UX>, UX>>,
 )
 where
-    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual3<T, f64>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual3<T, f64>, UY>,
+    G: Fn(Quantity<Dual3<T>, UX>) -> Quantity<Dual3<T>, UY>,
     UY: Sub<UX>,
     Diff<UY, UX>: Sub<UX>,
     Diff<Diff<UY, UX>, UX>: Sub<UX>,
@@ -289,7 +282,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn third_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ, U>(
+pub fn third_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum, UX, UY, UZ, U>(
     g: G,
     (x, y, z): (Quantity<T, UX>, Quantity<T, UY>, Quantity<T, UZ>),
 ) -> (
@@ -305,11 +298,11 @@ pub fn third_partial_derivative<G, T: DualNum<f64>, UX, UY, UZ, U>(
 where
     G: Fn(
         (
-            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T, f64>, UX>,
-            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T, f64>, UY>,
-            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T, f64>, UZ>,
+            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T>, UX>,
+            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T>, UY>,
+            Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T>, UZ>,
         ),
-    ) -> Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T, f64>, UY>,
+    ) -> Quantity<HyperHyperDual<T>, UY>,
     U: Sub<UX>,
     U: Sub<UY>,
     U: Sub<UZ>,
@@ -343,10 +336,10 @@ mod test_num_dual {
     use num_dual::{Dual64, ImplicitDerivative, ImplicitFunction};
 
     struct AreaImplicit;
-    impl ImplicitFunction<f64> for AreaImplicit {
+    impl ImplicitFunction for AreaImplicit {
         type Parameters<D> = Area<D>;
         type Variable<D> = D;
-        fn residual<D: DualNum<f64> + Copy>(x: D, &area: &Area<D>) -> D {
+        fn residual<D: DualNum + Copy>(x: D, &area: &Area<D>) -> D {
             let l = Length::new(x);
             (area - l * l).convert_into(area)
         }
@@ -361,18 +354,18 @@ mod test_num_dual {
         assert_eq!(x, a.0.sqrt())
     }
 
-    fn volume<D: DualNum<f64> + Copy>(x: Length<D>) -> Volume<D> {
+    fn volume<D: DualNum + Copy>(x: Length<D>) -> Volume<D> {
         x * x * x
     }
 
-    fn distance<D: DualNum<f64>, N: Dim>(x: Length<OVector<D, N>>) -> Length<D>
+    fn distance<D: DualNum, N: Dim>(x: Length<OVector<D, N>>) -> Length<D>
     where
         DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N>,
     {
         x.dot(&x).sqrt()
     }
 
-    fn volume2<D: DualNum<f64> + Copy>((x, h): (Length<D>, Length<D>)) -> Volume<D> {
+    fn volume2<D: DualNum + Copy>((x, h): (Length<D>, Length<D>)) -> Volume<D> {
         x * x * h
     }
 
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 5fd6e5b..ac7d8fc 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ impl Angle {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "num-dual")]
-impl<T: num_dual::DualNum<f64>> Angle<T> {
+impl<T: num_dual::DualNum> Angle<T> {
     angle_methods!(T);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ops.rs b/src/ops.rs
index f247f0b..b3379d0 100644
--- a/src/ops.rs
+++ b/src/ops.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ use nalgebra::{DefaultAllocator, Dim, OMatrix};
 use ndarray::{Array, ArrayBase, Data, DataMut, DataOwned, Dimension};
 #[cfg(feature = "num-dual")]
 use num_dual::DualNum;
+#[cfg(feature = "num-dual")]
+use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
 use num_traits::{Inv, Signed};
 use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
 
@@ -430,7 +432,7 @@ impl<U> Quantity<f64, U> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "num-dual")]
-impl<D: DualNum<f64>, U> Quantity<D, U> {
+impl<D: DualNum, U> Quantity<D, U> {
     /// Calculate the integer power of self.
     ///
     /// # Example
@@ -492,7 +494,7 @@ impl<D: DualNum<f64>, U> Quantity<D, U> {
     where
         U: Div<Const<R>>,
     {
-        Quantity::new(self.0.powf(1.0 / R as f64))
+        Quantity::new(self.0.powf(D::Primitive::from_f64(1.0 / R as f64).unwrap()))
     }
 }