diff --git a/src/clis/bilibili/following.ts b/src/clis/bilibili/following.ts
index 2815b432..76d57b3c 100644
--- a/src/clis/bilibili/following.ts
+++ b/src/clis/bilibili/following.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 import { fetchJson, getSelfUid, resolveUid } from './utils.js';
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ cli({
   ],
   columns: ['mid', 'name', 'sign', 'following', 'fans'],
   func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs: any) => {
-    if (!page) throw new Error('Requires browser');
+    if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser session required for bilibili following');
 
     // 1. Resolve UID (default to self)
     const uid = kwargs.uid
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ cli({
     );
 
     if (payload.code !== 0) {
-      throw new Error(`获取关注列表失败: ${payload.message} (${payload.code})`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`获取关注列表失败: ${payload.message} (${payload.code})`);
     }
 
     const list = payload.data?.list || [];
diff --git a/src/clis/bilibili/subtitle.ts b/src/clis/bilibili/subtitle.ts
index 466114e9..75d3e62b 100644
--- a/src/clis/bilibili/subtitle.ts
+++ b/src/clis/bilibili/subtitle.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError, EmptyResultError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 import { apiGet } from './utils.js';
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ cli({
   ],
   columns: ['index', 'from', 'to', 'content'],
   func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs: any) => {
-    if (!page) throw new Error('Requires browser');
+    if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser session required for bilibili subtitle');
     // 1. 先前往视频详情页 (建立有鉴权的 Session，且这里不需要加载完整个视频)
     await page.goto(`https://www.bilibili.com/video/${kwargs.bvid}/`);
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ cli({
     })()`);
 
     if (!cid) {
-      throw new Error('无法在页面中提取到当前视频的 CID，请检查页面是否正常加载。');
+      throw new SelectorError('videoData.cid', '无法在页面中提取到当前视频的 CID，请检查页面是否正常加载。');
     }
 
     // 3. 在 Node 端使用 apiGet 获取带 Wbi 签名的字幕列表
@@ -35,12 +36,12 @@ cli({
     });
 
     if (payload.code !== 0) {
-      throw new Error(`获取视频播放信息失败: ${payload.message} (${payload.code})`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`获取视频播放信息失败: ${payload.message} (${payload.code})`);
     }
 
     const subtitles = payload.data?.subtitle?.subtitles || [];
     if (subtitles.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('此视频没有发现外挂或智能字幕。');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('bilibili subtitle', '此视频没有发现外挂或智能字幕。');
     }
 
     // 4. 选择目标字幕语言
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ cli({
 
     const targetSubUrl = target.subtitle_url;
     if (!targetSubUrl || targetSubUrl === '') {
-      throw new Error('[风控拦截/未登录] 获取到的 subtitle_url 为空！请确保 CLI 已成功登录且风控未封锁此账号。');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('bilibili.com', '[风控拦截/未登录] 获取到的 subtitle_url 为空！请确保 CLI 已成功登录且风控未封锁此账号。');
     }
 
     const finalUrl = targetSubUrl.startsWith('//') ? 'https:' + targetSubUrl : targetSubUrl;
@@ -81,12 +82,12 @@ cli({
     const items = await page.evaluate(fetchJs);
 
     if (items?.error) {
-      throw new Error(`字幕获取失败: ${items.error}${items.text ? ' — ' + items.text : ''}`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`字幕获取失败: ${items.error}${items.text ? ' — ' + items.text : ''}`);
     }
 
     const finalItems = items?.data || [];
     if (!Array.isArray(finalItems)) {
-      throw new Error('解析到的字幕列表对象不符合数组格式');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('解析到的字幕列表对象不符合数组格式');
     }
 
     // 6. 数据映射
diff --git a/src/clis/bilibili/utils.ts b/src/clis/bilibili/utils.ts
index b158700a..fd47f7fd 100644
--- a/src/clis/bilibili/utils.ts
+++ b/src/clis/bilibili/utils.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
-import { AuthRequiredError } from '../../errors.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 const MIXIN_KEY_ENC_TAB = [
   46,47,18,2,53,8,23,32,15,50,10,31,58,3,45,35,27,43,5,49,
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ export async function resolveUid(page: IPage, input: string): Promise<string> {
   });
   const results = payload?.data?.result ?? [];
   if (results.length > 0) return String(results[0].mid);
-  throw new Error(`Cannot resolve UID for: ${input}`);
+  throw new EmptyResultError(`bilibili user search: ${input}`, 'User may not exist or username may have changed.');
 }
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/mark.ts b/src/clis/boss/mark.ts
index 55a75107..d8d5a1d1 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/mark.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/mark.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateToChat, bossFetch, findFriendByUid, verbose } from './common.js';
+import { ArgumentError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 const LABEL_MAP: Record<string, number> = {
   '新招呼': 1, '沟通中': 2, '已约面': 3, '已获取简历': 4,
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ cli({
       if (entry) {
         labelId = entry[1];
       } else {
-        throw new Error(`未知标签: ${labelInput}。可用标签: ${Object.keys(LABEL_MAP).join(', ')}`);
+        throw new ArgumentError(`未知标签: ${labelInput}。可用标签: ${Object.keys(LABEL_MAP).join(', ')}`);
       }
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid, { checkGreetList: true });
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('boss candidate search');
 
     const friendName = friend.name || '候选人';
     const action = remove ? 'deleteMark' : 'addMark';
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/send.ts b/src/clis/boss/send.ts
index ac74beb5..de7fb36a 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/send.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/send.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   requirePage, navigateToChat, findFriendByUid,
   clickCandidateInList, typeAndSendMessage,
 } from './common.js';
+import { EmptyResultError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'boss',
@@ -29,21 +30,21 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page, 3);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid, { maxPages: 5 });
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人，请确认 uid 是否正确');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('boss candidate search', '请确认 uid 是否正确');
 
     const numericUid = friend.uid;
     const friendName = friend.name || '候选人';
 
     const clicked = await clickCandidateInList(page, numericUid);
     if (!clicked) {
-      throw new Error('无法在聊天列表中找到该用户，请确认聊天列表中有此人');
+      throw new SelectorError('聊天列表中的用户', '请确认聊天列表中有此人');
     }
 
     await page.wait({ time: 2 });
 
     const sent = await typeAndSendMessage(page, kwargs.text);
     if (!sent) {
-      throw new Error('找不到消息输入框');
+      throw new SelectorError('消息输入框', '聊天页面 UI 可能已改变');
     }
 
     await page.wait({ time: 1 });
diff --git a/src/clis/linkedin/search.ts b/src/clis/linkedin/search.ts
index 69794379..a2945387 100644
--- a/src/clis/linkedin/search.ts
+++ b/src/clis/linkedin/search.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { ArgumentError, CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 // ── Filter value mappings ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ function mapFilterValues(input: unknown, mapping: Record<string, string>, label:
   const resolved = values.map(value => {
     const key = value.toLowerCase();
     const mapped = mapping[key];
-    if (!mapped) throw new Error(`Unsupported ${label}: ${value}`);
+    if (!mapped) throw new ArgumentError(`Unsupported ${label}: ${value}`);
     return mapped;
   });
   return [...new Set(resolved)];
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ async function resolveCompanyIds(page: IPage, input: unknown): Promise<string[]>
   }
 
   if (unresolved.length) {
-    throw new Error(`Could not resolve LinkedIn company filter: ${unresolved.join(', ')}`);
+    throw new ArgumentError(`Could not resolve LinkedIn company filter: ${unresolved.join(', ')}`);
   }
 
   return [...ids];
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ async function fetchJobCards(
     })()`);
 
     if (!batch || batch.error) {
-      throw new Error(batch?.error || 'LinkedIn search returned an unexpected response');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(batch?.error || 'LinkedIn search returned an unexpected response');
     }
 
     const elements: any[] = Array.isArray(batch?.elements) ? batch.elements : [];
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@ cli({
     const location = (kwargs.location ?? '').trim();
     const keywords = String(kwargs.query ?? '').trim();
 
-    if (!keywords) throw new Error('query is required');
+    if (!keywords) throw new ArgumentError('query is required');
 
     const searchParams = new URLSearchParams({ keywords });
     if (location) searchParams.set('location', location);
diff --git a/src/clis/linkedin/timeline.ts b/src/clis/linkedin/timeline.ts
index b292f45a..355c729d 100644
--- a/src/clis/linkedin/timeline.ts
+++ b/src/clis/linkedin/timeline.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 interface TimelinePost {
   rank?: number;
@@ -510,11 +511,11 @@ cli({
     }
 
     if (sawLoginWall && posts.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('LinkedIn timeline requires an active signed-in browser session');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('linkedin.com', 'LinkedIn timeline requires an active signed-in browser session');
     }
 
     if (posts.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('No LinkedIn timeline posts found. Make sure your LinkedIn home feed is visible in the browser.');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('linkedin timeline', 'Make sure your LinkedIn home feed is visible in the browser.');
     }
 
     return posts.slice(0, limit).map((post, index) => ({
diff --git a/src/clis/medium/shared.ts b/src/clis/medium/shared.ts
index 9d35a44e..9f6fcc80 100644
--- a/src/clis/medium/shared.ts
+++ b/src/clis/medium/shared.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 export function buildMediumTagUrl(topic?: string): string {
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ export function buildMediumUserUrl(username: string): string {
 }
 
 export async function loadMediumPosts(page: IPage, url: string, limit: number): Promise<any[]> {
-  if (!page) throw new Error('Requires browser session');
+  if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser session required for medium posts');
   await page.goto(url);
   await page.wait(5);
   const data = await page.evaluate(`
diff --git a/src/clis/reddit/read.ts b/src/clis/reddit/read.ts
index 3cd6ef3e..1e748220 100644
--- a/src/clis/reddit/read.ts
+++ b/src/clis/reddit/read.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * - Indented output showing conversation threads
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'reddit',
@@ -176,9 +177,9 @@ cli({
       })()
     `);
 
-    if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') throw new Error('Failed to fetch post data');
-    if (!Array.isArray(data) && data.error) throw new Error(data.error);
-    if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new Error('Unexpected response');
+    if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') throw new CommandExecutionError('Failed to fetch post data');
+    if (!Array.isArray(data) && data.error) throw new CommandExecutionError(data.error);
+    if (!Array.isArray(data)) throw new CommandExecutionError('Unexpected response');
 
     return data;
   },
diff --git a/src/clis/twitter/bookmarks.ts b/src/clis/twitter/bookmarks.ts
index c954b179..b49141ec 100644
--- a/src/clis/twitter/bookmarks.ts
+++ b/src/clis/twitter/bookmarks.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 const BEARER_TOKEN = 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA';
 const BOOKMARKS_QUERY_ID = 'Fy0QMy4q_aZCpkO0PnyLYw';
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ cli({
     const ct0 = await page.evaluate(`() => {
       return document.cookie.split(';').map(c => c.trim()).find(c => c.startsWith('ct0='))?.split('=')[1] || null;
     }`);
-    if (!ct0) throw new Error('Not logged into x.com (no ct0 cookie)');
+    if (!ct0) throw new AuthRequiredError('x.com', 'Not logged into x.com (no ct0 cookie)');
 
     const queryId = await page.evaluate(`async () => {
       try {
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ cli({
       }`);
 
       if (data?.error) {
-        if (allTweets.length === 0) throw new Error(`HTTP ${data.error}: Failed to fetch bookmarks. queryId may have expired.`);
+        if (allTweets.length === 0) throw new CommandExecutionError(`HTTP ${data.error}: Failed to fetch bookmarks. queryId may have expired.`);
         break;
       }
 
diff --git a/src/clis/twitter/delete.ts b/src/clis/twitter/delete.ts
index dd0f37de..15a2817f 100644
--- a/src/clis/twitter/delete.ts
+++ b/src/clis/twitter/delete.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ cli({
   ],
   columns: ['status', 'message'],
   func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs: any) => {
-    if (!page) throw new Error('Requires browser');
+    if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser session required for twitter delete');
 
     await page.goto(kwargs.url);
     await page.wait(5); // Wait for tweet to load completely
diff --git a/src/clis/twitter/trending.ts b/src/clis/twitter/trending.ts
index e6b82913..b97f59ce 100644
--- a/src/clis/twitter/trending.ts
+++ b/src/clis/twitter/trending.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 // ── Twitter GraphQL constants ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ cli({
     const ct0 = await page.evaluate(`(() => {
       return document.cookie.split(';').map(c=>c.trim()).find(c=>c.startsWith('ct0='))?.split('=')[1] || null;
     })()`);
-    if (!ct0) throw new Error('Not logged into x.com (no ct0 cookie)');
+    if (!ct0) throw new AuthRequiredError('x.com', 'Not logged into x.com (no ct0 cookie)');
 
     // Try legacy guide.json API first (faster than DOM scraping)
     let trends: TrendItem[] = [];
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ cli({
     }
 
     if (trends.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('No trending data found. API may have changed or login may be required.');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('twitter trending', 'API may have changed or login may be required.');
     }
 
     return trends.slice(0, limit);
diff --git a/src/clis/twitter/unfollow.ts b/src/clis/twitter/unfollow.ts
index 77980075..5c7ec4e8 100644
--- a/src/clis/twitter/unfollow.ts
+++ b/src/clis/twitter/unfollow.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ cli({
   ],
   columns: ['status', 'message'],
   func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs: any) => {
-    if (!page) throw new Error('Requires browser');
+    if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser session required for twitter unfollow');
     const username = kwargs.username.replace(/^@/, '');
 
     await page.goto(`https://x.com/${username}`);
diff --git a/src/clis/youtube/transcript.ts b/src/clis/youtube/transcript.ts
index bc002619..441f9081 100644
--- a/src/clis/youtube/transcript.ts
+++ b/src/clis/youtube/transcript.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   type RawSegment,
   type Chapter,
 } from './transcript-group.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'youtube',
@@ -91,10 +92,10 @@ cli({
     `);
 
     if (!captionData || typeof captionData === 'string') {
-      throw new Error(`Failed to get caption info: ${typeof captionData === 'string' ? captionData : 'null response'}`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`Failed to get caption info: ${typeof captionData === 'string' ? captionData : 'null response'}`);
     }
     if (captionData.error) {
-      throw new Error(`${captionData.error}${captionData.available ? ' (available: ' + captionData.available.join(', ') + ')' : ''}`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`${captionData.error}${captionData.available ? ' (available: ' + captionData.available.join(', ') + ')' : ''}`);
     }
 
     // Warn if --lang was specified but not matched
@@ -176,10 +177,10 @@ cli({
     `);
 
     if (!Array.isArray(segments)) {
-      throw new Error((segments as any)?.error || 'Failed to parse caption segments');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError((segments as any)?.error || 'Failed to parse caption segments');
     }
     if (segments.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('No caption segments found');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('youtube transcript');
     }
 
     // Step 3: Fetch chapters (for grouped mode)
diff --git a/src/clis/youtube/video.ts b/src/clis/youtube/video.ts
index 0796f49d..7ed4aab3 100644
--- a/src/clis/youtube/video.ts
+++ b/src/clis/youtube/video.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import { parseVideoId } from './utils.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'youtube',
@@ -104,8 +105,8 @@ cli({
       })()
     `);
 
-    if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') throw new Error('Failed to extract video metadata from page');
-    if (data.error) throw new Error(data.error);
+    if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') throw new CommandExecutionError('Failed to extract video metadata from page');
+    if (data.error) throw new CommandExecutionError(data.error);
 
     // Return as field/value pairs for table display
     return Object.entries(data).map(([field, value]) => ({