diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 41068fc..e250ffc 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -145,3 +145,6 @@ core/memory/global/cognitive_profile.md
 core/memory/global/workflow_policy.md
 core/memory/global/agent_feedback.md
 core/memory/global/runtime_digest.md
+
+# E176 app shell build artifacts
+app/target/
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 6153740..64298d3 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ skills/           reusable operator skills (custom/vendor/private)
 templates/        project scaffolds, example answer files
 docs/             architecture, contracts, setup guides
 src/episteme/    CLI + core library
+app/             Episteme.app native shell (wry+tao) over `episteme viewer` — see app/README.md
+scripts/         build_app_pkg.sh (unsigned .pkg) and maintenance scripts
 tests/
 ```
 
diff --git a/app/Cargo.lock b/app/Cargo.lock
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index 0000000..9466fcd
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+checksum = "b66463ad2e0ea3bbf808b7f1d371311c80e115c0b71d60efc142cafbcfb057a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.1.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-version"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e4060a1da109b9d0326b7262c8e12c84df67cc0dbc9e33cf49e01ccc2eb63631"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.2.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "597a5118570b68bc08d8d59125332c54f1ba9d9adeedeef5b99b02ba2b0698f8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e08e8864a60f06ef0d0ff4ba04124db8b0fb3be5776a5cd47641e942e58c4d43"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c61d927d8da41da96a81f029489353e68739737d3beca43145c8afec9a31a84f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44d840b6ec649f480a41c8d80f9c65108b92d89345dd94027bfe06ac444d1060"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "0.5.40"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f593a95398737aeed53e489c785df13f3618e41dbcd6718c6addbf1395aa6876"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b97319f7b8343df12cc98938e5c3eb436064524c8d2b4e30a1d3a36eecdf81"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "writeable"
+version = "0.6.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ffae5123b2d3fc086436f8834ae3ab053a283cfac8fe0a0b8eaae044768a4c4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wry"
+version = "0.55.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "186f9871daa55fd9c016578b810d149de58367113db7fb72b462d2323ce19514"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64",
+ "block2",
+ "cookie",
+ "crossbeam-channel",
+ "dirs",
+ "dom_query",
+ "dpi",
+ "dunce",
+ "gdkx11",
+ "gtk",
+ "http",
+ "javascriptcore-rs",
+ "jni",
+ "libc",
+ "ndk",
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+ "objc2-ui-kit",
+ "objc2-web-kit",
+ "once_cell",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "sha2",
+ "soup3",
+ "tao-macros",
+ "thiserror 2.0.19",
+ "url",
+ "webkit2gtk",
+ "webkit2gtk-sys",
+ "webview2-com",
+ "windows",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-version",
+ "x11-dl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11"
+version = "2.21.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "502da5464ccd04011667b11c435cb992822c2c0dbde1770c988480d312a0db2e"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11-dl"
+version = "2.21.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38735924fedd5314a6e548792904ed8c6de6636285cb9fec04d5b1db85c1516f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709fe23a0424b6a435d82152b1bd3fdfb0833487d5fa90d05d42762a9891fef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke-derive"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "de844c262c8848816172cef550288e7dc6c7b7814b4ee56b3e1553f275f1858e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11532158c46691caf0f2593ea8358fed6bbf68a0315e80aae9bd41fbade684a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerotrie"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f9152d31db0792fa83f70fb2f83148effb5c1f5b8c7686c3459e361d9bc20bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec"
+version = "0.11.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "90f911cbc359ab6af17377d242225f4d75119aec87ea711a880987b18cd7b239"
+dependencies = [
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec-derive"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "625dc425cab0dca6dc3c3319506e6593dcb08a9f387ea3b284dbd52a92c40555"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
diff --git a/app/Cargo.toml b/app/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c286a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "episteme-app"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+tao = "0.35.3"
+wry = "0.55.1"
diff --git a/app/README.md b/app/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8982d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Episteme.app — native shell over the local governance dashboard (E176)
+
+A deliberately thin Rust window (`app/src/main.rs`, wry + tao — no Tauri CLI,
+no Node build) over `episteme viewer`. All product logic stays in the Python
+viewer (`src/episteme/viewer/server.py`); the shell only ensures the server
+is running and shows it in a real window, so there is no second
+implementation to drift from the kernel.
+
+## Behavior contract
+
+- **Attach-or-spawn:** if `127.0.0.1:37776` already answers (you ran
+  `episteme viewer` yourself), the app attaches and spawns nothing; closing
+  the window then leaves your viewer running.
+- **Spawned lifecycle:** otherwise the app spawns
+  `episteme viewer --no-open --exit-with-parent` and kills it on window
+  close. If the app dies without a window-close (signal, crash), the viewer
+  notices the reparenting via `--exit-with-parent` and shuts itself down
+  within ~2s — no orphaned servers.
+- **CLI resolution:** `EPISTEME_BIN` env override → `which episteme` → the
+  well-known install prefixes (GUI apps do not inherit a login shell's
+  PATH). On failure the window shows the reason, never a blank page.
+
+## Build
+
+```
+scripts/build_app_pkg.sh
+```
+
+Requires Rust ≥ 1.85 (`edition = "2024"` in `app/Cargo.toml`); `app/` is not
+built in CI — the build host's toolchain is the only gate.
+
+Produces `dist/Episteme.app` and an **unsigned** `dist/Episteme.pkg`
+(installs to /Applications). Unsigned is a conscious tier: it installs
+cleanly on the machine that built it; distribution-grade signing +
+notarization is a separate operator-gated decision recorded in the ledger.
diff --git a/app/src/main.rs b/app/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..360647d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! Episteme.app — a native window over the local governance dashboard (E176).
+//!
+//! Deliberately thin: this shell owns exactly two jobs — ensure the viewer
+//! server is running, and show it in a real window. All product logic stays
+//! in `episteme viewer` (Python, stdlib-only); the shell adds no second
+//! implementation of anything, so it cannot drift from the kernel.
+//!
+//! Lifecycle: if the viewer port already answers (operator ran `episteme
+//! viewer` themselves), attach to it and spawn nothing; otherwise spawn
+//! `episteme viewer --no-open` as a child and kill it on window close.
+
+use std::net::TcpStream;
+use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use tao::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
+use tao::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use tao::window::WindowBuilder;
+use wry::WebViewBuilder;
+
+const PORT: u16 = 37776;
+// Worst-case blank-launch window (review): the probe runs before the window
+// exists, so this bounds how long a broken viewer boot can look like a hang.
+// Typical boot is ~0.1s; window-first + background probe is the deferred fix.
+const SPAWN_WAIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(6);
+
+fn port_open() -> bool {
+    TcpStream::connect_timeout(
+        &([127, 0, 0, 1], PORT).into(),
+        Duration::from_millis(250),
+    )
+    .is_ok()
+}
+
+/// Locate the `episteme` CLI: explicit override, then PATH, then the
+/// well-known install prefixes a .pkg user is likely to have (GUI apps do
+/// not inherit a login shell's PATH, so PATH alone is not enough).
+fn episteme_bin() -> Option<String> {
+    if let Ok(bin) = std::env::var("EPISTEME_BIN") {
+        if std::path::Path::new(&bin).exists() {
+            return Some(bin);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Ok(out) = Command::new("/usr/bin/which").arg("episteme").output() {
+        let path = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).trim().to_string();
+        if !path.is_empty() {
+            return Some(path);
+        }
+    }
+    let home = std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default();
+    for candidate in [
+        format!("{home}/miniconda3/bin/episteme"),
+        "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/bin/episteme".into(),
+        "/usr/local/bin/episteme".into(),
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/episteme".into(),
+    ] {
+        if std::path::Path::new(&candidate).exists() {
+            return Some(candidate);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn spawn_viewer() -> Result<Child, String> {
+    let bin = episteme_bin().ok_or(
+        "episteme CLI not found (set EPISTEME_BIN or install the package)",
+    )?;
+    Command::new(bin)
+        .args([
+            "viewer",
+            "--no-open",
+            "--exit-with-parent",
+            "--port",
+            &PORT.to_string(),
+        ])
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null())
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to spawn episteme viewer: {e}"))
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // Attach-or-spawn: an already-running viewer is respected, not duplicated.
+    let mut child: Option<Child> = None;
+    let mut error: Option<String> = None;
+    if !port_open() {
+        match spawn_viewer() {
+            Ok(c) => {
+                child = Some(c);
+                let deadline = Instant::now() + SPAWN_WAIT;
+                while !port_open() && Instant::now() < deadline {
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+                }
+                if !port_open() {
+                    error = Some("viewer did not answer within 15s".into());
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => error = Some(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title("Episteme")
+        .with_inner_size(tao::dpi::LogicalSize::new(1280.0, 860.0))
+        .build(&event_loop)
+        .expect("window");
+
+    // On failure, render the reason instead of a dead white page — the shell
+    // must never look healthier than the system it fronts.
+    let url = format!("http://127.0.0.1:{PORT}/");
+    let builder = match &error {
+        None => WebViewBuilder::new().with_url(&url),
+        Some(raw) => {
+            let msg = raw.replace('<', "&lt;").replace('>', "&gt;");
+            WebViewBuilder::new().with_html(format!(
+                "<body style=\"background:#0b0e14;color:#e06c75;font:14px monospace;\
+                 padding:40px\"><h2>episteme viewer unavailable</h2><p>{}</p>\
+                 <p style=\"color:#7a8494\">Start it manually: <code>episteme \
+                 viewer</code>, then relaunch this app.</p></body>",
+                msg
+            ))
+        }
+    };
+    let _webview = builder.build(&window).expect("webview");
+
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        *control_flow = ControlFlow::Wait;
+        if let Event::WindowEvent {
+            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+            ..
+        } = event
+        {
+            // Kill only what we spawned; an attached external viewer stays up.
+            if let Some(c) = child.as_mut() {
+                let _ = c.kill();
+                let _ = c.wait();
+            }
+            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+        }
+    });
+}
diff --git a/scripts/build_app_pkg.sh b/scripts/build_app_pkg.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1a708a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/build_app_pkg.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build Episteme.app and an UNSIGNED Episteme.pkg installer (E176).
+#
+# Personal-use packaging: an unsigned .pkg installs cleanly on the machine
+# that built it (and any Mac past a right-click → Open). Distribution-grade
+# signing + notarization is a separate, operator-gated decision — see the
+# ledger; do NOT add credentials here.
+#
+# Usage: scripts/build_app_pkg.sh        (from the repo root)
+# Output: dist/Episteme.app, dist/Episteme.pkg
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+APP_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/app"
+DIST="$REPO_ROOT/dist"
+APP="$DIST/Episteme.app"
+VERSION="$(grep -m1 '^version' "$APP_DIR/Cargo.toml" | cut -d'"' -f2)"
+
+echo "==> cargo build --release (app shell v$VERSION)"
+(cd "$APP_DIR" && cargo build --release)
+
+echo "==> assembling $APP"
+rm -rf "$APP"
+mkdir -p "$APP/Contents/MacOS"
+cp "$APP_DIR/target/release/episteme-app" "$APP/Contents/MacOS/episteme-app"
+cat > "$APP/Contents/Info.plist" << PLIST
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
+  "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+  <key>CFBundleName</key><string>Episteme</string>
+  <key>CFBundleDisplayName</key><string>Episteme</string>
+  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key><string>com.episteme.app</string>
+  <key>CFBundleVersion</key><string>$VERSION</string>
+  <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key><string>$VERSION</string>
+  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key><string>episteme-app</string>
+  <key>CFBundlePackageType</key><string>APPL</string>
+  <key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key><string>12.0</string>
+  <key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key><true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
+PLIST
+
+echo "==> pkgbuild (unsigned)"
+pkgbuild \
+  --component "$APP" \
+  --install-location /Applications \
+  --identifier com.episteme.app \
+  --version "$VERSION" \
+  "$DIST/Episteme.pkg"
+
+echo "done:"
+ls -lh "$DIST/Episteme.pkg"
+echo "install: open dist/Episteme.pkg  (unsigned — right-click → Open on first run)"
diff --git a/src/episteme/cli.py b/src/episteme/cli.py
index e10fc03..366f3fe 100644
--- a/src/episteme/cli.py
+++ b/src/episteme/cli.py
@@ -6606,6 +6606,7 @@ def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
     viewer.add_argument("--host", default="127.0.0.1")
     viewer.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=37776)
     viewer.add_argument("--no-open", action="store_true", help="Do not auto-open the browser")
+    viewer.add_argument("--exit-with-parent", action="store_true", help="Shut down when the spawning parent process dies (for GUI shells like Episteme.app; do NOT use under launchd/init — a parent of PID 1 triggers shutdown)")
 
     capture = sub.add_parser(
         "capture",
@@ -7178,6 +7179,7 @@ def main(argv: Iterable[str] | None = None) -> int:
             host=args.host,
             port=args.port,
             open_browser=not getattr(args, "no_open", False),
+            exit_with_parent=getattr(args, "exit_with_parent", False),
         )
     if args.command == "capture":
         from episteme.capture import run_capture
diff --git a/src/episteme/viewer/server.py b/src/episteme/viewer/server.py
index eca05a9..a38c5a2 100644
--- a/src/episteme/viewer/server.py
+++ b/src/episteme/viewer/server.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import html
 import json
 import mimetypes
+import os
 import subprocess
 import webbrowser
 from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
@@ -319,9 +320,54 @@ def do_POST(self) -> None:
             self._send_json(200, result)
 
 
-def serve(host: str = "127.0.0.1", port: int = 37776, open_browser: bool = True) -> int:
+def _watch_parent(server: ThreadingHTTPServer) -> None:
+    """Shut the server down when the spawning parent dies (E176).
+
+    macOS has no PDEATHSIG; a GUI shell killed by signal (not window-close)
+    would orphan the viewer it spawned. The child watches instead: when the
+    parent dies, this process is reparented (getppid changes, typically to
+    launchd/1) and the server shuts down within a poll interval.
+    """
+    import threading
+    import time
+
+    original = os.getppid()
+
+    def _loop() -> None:
+        while True:
+            time.sleep(2.0)
+            ppid = os.getppid()
+            # ppid == 1 also covers the boot race: if the parent died before
+            # we sampled it, original IS already 1 and would never "change".
+            # exit_with_parent is only ever passed by the app shell, whose
+            # viewer is never a legitimate direct child of launchd.
+            if ppid != original or ppid == 1:
+                # Never silent (review): a self-kill without a trace reads as
+                # a crash. Note: reparent-to-1 is the macOS rule; under a
+                # Linux subreaper the orphan may reparent to a non-1 pid that
+                # this watch would miss — acceptable for the macOS app shell,
+                # documented for anyone reusing the flag cross-platform.
+                print(
+                    "episteme viewer: parent process gone — shutting down "
+                    "(--exit-with-parent)",
+                    flush=True,
+                )
+                server.shutdown()
+                return
+
+    threading.Thread(target=_loop, daemon=True, name="parent-watch").start()
+
+
+def serve(
+    host: str = "127.0.0.1",
+    port: int = 37776,
+    open_browser: bool = True,
+    exit_with_parent: bool = False,
+) -> int:
     global CONTROL_ENABLED
     server = ThreadingHTTPServer((host, port), _Handler)
+    if exit_with_parent:
+        _watch_parent(server)
     loopback = host in ("127.0.0.1", "localhost", "::1")
     CONTROL_ENABLED = loopback
     # A non-loopback bind serves the operator's core_question, absolute
@@ -361,8 +407,18 @@ def main() -> int:
     p.add_argument("--host", default="127.0.0.1")
     p.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=37776)
     p.add_argument("--no-open", action="store_true", help="Do not auto-open the browser")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--exit-with-parent",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Shut down when the spawning parent process dies (used by Episteme.app)",
+    )
     args = p.parse_args()
-    return serve(host=args.host, port=args.port, open_browser=not args.no_open)
+    return serve(
+        host=args.host,
+        port=args.port,
+        open_browser=not args.no_open,
+        exit_with_parent=args.exit_with_parent,
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tests/test_viewer_live.py b/tests/test_viewer_live.py
index b184439..b38a745 100644
--- a/tests/test_viewer_live.py
+++ b/tests/test_viewer_live.py
@@ -227,6 +227,51 @@ def test_hook_end_to_end_writes_the_feed(self):
         self.assertEqual(records[0]["docs"], ["docs/APP.md"])
 
 
+class ParentWatchTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """--exit-with-parent: the viewer must die when its spawner dies (E176).
+
+    Reproduces the orphan the app-shell smoke found: SIGKILL on the shell
+    bypasses window-close cleanup, so the CHILD must notice the reparenting.
+    A middleman process spawns the viewer with the flag and exits; the
+    viewer must shut down within the watch poll interval.
+    """
+
+    def test_orphaned_viewer_shuts_down(self):
+        import os
+        import socket
+        import sys
+        import time
+
+        with socket.socket() as s:
+            s.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+            port = s.getsockname()[1]
+
+        middleman = (
+            "import subprocess, sys, time\n"
+            "subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, '-c', "
+            "'from episteme.viewer.server import serve; "
+            f"serve(port={port}, open_browser=False, exit_with_parent=True)'])\n"
+            "time.sleep(2.5)\n"  # boot + real-ppid sample margin (CI-load headroom)
+        )
+        env = dict(os.environ)
+        src = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "src")
+        env["PYTHONPATH"] = src + os.pathsep + env.get("PYTHONPATH", "")
+        subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", middleman], env=env, timeout=30)
+        # middleman has exited; the viewer is now orphaned
+
+        def port_open() -> bool:
+            with socket.socket() as probe:
+                probe.settimeout(0.3)
+                return probe.connect_ex(("127.0.0.1", port)) == 0
+
+        deadline = time.time() + 8  # watch polls every 2s
+        was_up = port_open()
+        while port_open() and time.time() < deadline:
+            time.sleep(0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(was_up, "viewer never came up — test setup broken")
+        self.assertFalse(port_open(), "orphaned viewer still serving after 8s")
+
+
 class HttpEndpointTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """The real server on an ephemeral port — routes, JSON shape, index.html."""