diff --git a/emails/__init__.py b/emails/__init__.py
index 6a94adc..b4f29e6 100644
--- a/emails/__init__.py
+++ b/emails/__init__.py
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 __title__ = 'emails'
 __version__ = '0.6'
diff --git a/emails/backend/inmemory/__init__.py b/emails/backend/inmemory/__init__.py
index 6a39406..5f24697 100644
--- a/emails/backend/inmemory/__init__.py
+++ b/emails/backend/inmemory/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 __all__ = ['InMemoryBackend', ]
 
diff --git a/emails/backend/smtp/backend.py b/emails/backend/smtp/backend.py
index 9fde8e8..e1cf989 100644
--- a/emails/backend/smtp/backend.py
+++ b/emails/backend/smtp/backend.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import smtplib
 import logging
 from functools import wraps
diff --git a/emails/backend/smtp/exceptions.py b/emails/backend/smtp/exceptions.py
index df19e93..a747aec 100644
--- a/emails/backend/smtp/exceptions.py
+++ b/emails/backend/smtp/exceptions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import socket
 
 
diff --git a/emails/compat/__init__.py b/emails/compat/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d4a10f8..0000000
--- a/emails/compat/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-"""
-pythoncompat
-"""
-
-from .orderedset import OrderedSet
-
-#from . import _urlparse as urlparse
-
-
-import sys
-
-# -------
-# Pythons
-# -------
-
-# Syntax sugar.
-_ver = sys.version_info
-
-#: Python 2.x?
-is_py2 = (_ver[0] == 2)
-
-#: Python 3.x?
-is_py3 = (_ver[0] == 3)
-
-#: Python 3.0.x
-is_py30 = (is_py3 and _ver[1] == 0)
-
-#: Python 3.1.x
-is_py31 = (is_py3 and _ver[1] == 1)
-
-#: Python 3.2.x
-is_py32 = (is_py3 and _ver[1] == 2)
-
-#: Python 3.3.x
-is_py33 = (is_py3 and _ver[1] == 3)
-
-#: Python 3.4.x
-is_py34 = (is_py3 and _ver[1] == 4)
-is_py34_plus = (is_py3 and _ver[1] >= 4)
-
-#: Python 2.7.x
-is_py27 = (is_py2 and _ver[1] == 7)
-
-#: Python 2.6.x
-is_py26 = (is_py2 and _ver[1] == 6)
-
-#: Python 2.5.x
-is_py25 = (is_py2 and _ver[1] == 5)
-
-#: Python 2.4.x
-is_py24 = (is_py2 and _ver[1] == 4)
-
-
-# ---------
-# Platforms
-# ---------
-
-
-# Syntax sugar.
-_ver = sys.version.lower()
-
-is_pypy = ('pypy' in _ver)
-is_jython = ('jython' in _ver)
-is_ironpython = ('iron' in _ver)
-
-# Assume CPython, if nothing else.
-is_cpython = not any((is_pypy, is_jython, is_ironpython))
-
-# Windows-based system.
-is_windows = 'win32' in str(sys.platform).lower()
-
-# Standard Linux 2+ system.
-is_linux = ('linux' in str(sys.platform).lower())
-is_osx = ('darwin' in str(sys.platform).lower())
-is_hpux = ('hpux' in str(sys.platform).lower())   # Complete guess.
-is_solaris = ('solar==' in str(sys.platform).lower())   # Complete guess.
-
-# ---------
-# Specifics
-# ---------
-
-if is_py2:
-
-    unichr = unichr
-    text_type = unicode
-    string_types = (str, unicode)
-    integer_types = (int, long)
-    int_to_byte = chr
-
-    import urlparse
-    from .ordereddict import OrderedDict
-
-    from StringIO import StringIO
-    from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
-    NativeStringIO = BytesIO
-
-    def to_native(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
-        if x is None or isinstance(x, str):
-            return x
-        return x.encode(charset, errors)
-
-    def is_callable(x):
-        return callable(x)
-
-    def to_bytes(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
-        if x is None:
-            return None
-        if isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray, buffer)):
-            return bytes(x)
-        if isinstance(x, unicode):
-            return x.encode(charset, errors)
-        raise TypeError('Expected bytes')
-
-    from email.utils import formataddr
-
-
-elif is_py3:
-    import urllib.parse as urlparse
-
-    try:
-        from collections.abc import Callable
-    except ImportError:
-        from collections import Callable
-
-    from collections import OrderedDict
-
-    from io import StringIO, BytesIO
-    NativeStringIO = StringIO
-
-    unichr = chr
-    text_type = str
-    string_types = (str, )
-    integer_types = (int, )
-
-    def to_native(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
-        if x is None or isinstance(x, str):
-            return x
-        return x.decode(charset, errors)
-
-    def is_callable(x):
-        return isinstance(x, Callable)
-
-    def to_bytes(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
-        if x is None:
-            return None
-        if isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
-            return bytes(x)
-        if isinstance(x, str):
-            return x.encode(charset, errors)
-        raise TypeError('Expected bytes')
-
-    from email.utils import escapesre, specialsre
-
-    def formataddr(pair):
-        """
-        This code is copy of python2 email.utils.formataddr.
-        Takes a 2-tuple of the form (realname, email_address) and returns RFC2822-like string.
-        Does not encode non-ascii realname.
-
-        Python3 email.utils.formataddr do encode realname.
-
-        TODO: switch to email.headerregistry.AddressHeader ?
-        """
-
-        name, address = pair
-        if name:
-            quotes = ''
-            if specialsre.search(name):
-                quotes = '"'
-            name = escapesre.sub(r'\\\g<0>', name)
-            return '%s%s%s <%s>' % (quotes, name, quotes, address)
-        return address
-
-
-def to_unicode(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict',
-               allow_none_charset=False):
-    if x is None:
-        return None
-    if not isinstance(x, bytes):
-        return text_type(x)
-    if charset is None and allow_none_charset:
-        return x
-    return x.decode(charset, errors)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emails/compat/_urlparse.py b/emails/compat/_urlparse.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 378fab6..0000000
--- a/emails/compat/_urlparse.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
-
-try:
-    from urlparse import *
-except ImportError:
-    from urllib.parse import *
diff --git a/emails/compat/ordereddict.py b/emails/compat/ordereddict.py
deleted file mode 100644
index eefdac6..0000000
--- a/emails/compat/ordereddict.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-__all__ = ['OrderedDict', ]
-
-# Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
-# Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
-# Copyright 2009 Raymond Hettinger, released under the MIT License.
-# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/
-
-try:
-    from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
-except ImportError:
-    from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
-
-try:
-    from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-
-class OrderedDict(dict):
-    'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
-    # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
-    # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
-    # The remaining methods are order-aware.
-    # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
-
-    # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
-    # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
-    # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
-    # Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
-        '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
-        regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
-        because their insertion order is arbitrary.
-
-        '''
-        if len(args) > 1:
-            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
-        try:
-            self.__root
-        except AttributeError:
-            self.__root = root = []                     # sentinel node
-            root[:] = [root, root, None]
-            self.__map = {}
-        self.__update(*args, **kwds)
-
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
-        'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
-        # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
-        # list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
-        if key not in self:
-            root = self.__root
-            last = root[0]
-            last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
-        dict_setitem(self, key, value)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
-        'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
-        # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
-        # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
-        dict_delitem(self, key)
-        link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
-        link_prev[1] = link_next
-        link_next[0] = link_prev
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
-        root = self.__root
-        curr = root[1]
-        while curr is not root:
-            yield curr[2]
-            curr = curr[1]
-
-    def __reversed__(self):
-        'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
-        root = self.__root
-        curr = root[0]
-        while curr is not root:
-            yield curr[2]
-            curr = curr[0]
-
-    def clear(self):
-        'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
-        try:
-            for node in self.__map.itervalues():
-                del node[:]
-            root = self.__root
-            root[:] = [root, root, None]
-            self.__map.clear()
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        dict.clear(self)
-
-    def popitem(self, last=True):
-        '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
-        Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
-
-        '''
-        if not self:
-            raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
-        root = self.__root
-        if last:
-            link = root[0]
-            link_prev = link[0]
-            link_prev[1] = root
-            root[0] = link_prev
-        else:
-            link = root[1]
-            link_next = link[1]
-            root[1] = link_next
-            link_next[0] = root
-        key = link[2]
-        del self.__map[key]
-        value = dict.pop(self, key)
-        return key, value
-
-    # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
-
-    def keys(self):
-        'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
-        return list(self)
-
-    def values(self):
-        'od.values() -> list of values in od'
-        return [self[key] for key in self]
-
-    def items(self):
-        'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
-        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
-
-    def iterkeys(self):
-        'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
-        return iter(self)
-
-    def itervalues(self):
-        'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
-        for k in self:
-            yield self[k]
-
-    def iteritems(self):
-        'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
-        for k in self:
-            yield (k, self[k])
-
-    def update(*args, **kwds):
-        '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
-
-        If E is a dict instance, does:           for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
-        If E has a .keys() method, does:         for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
-        Or if E is an iterable of items, does:   for k, v in E: od[k] = v
-        In either case, this is followed by:     for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
-
-        '''
-        if len(args) > 2:
-            raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
-                            'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),))
-        elif not args:
-            raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
-        self = args[0]
-        # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
-        other = ()
-        if len(args) == 2:
-            other = args[1]
-        if isinstance(other, dict):
-            for key in other:
-                self[key] = other[key]
-        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
-            for key in other.keys():
-                self[key] = other[key]
-        else:
-            for key, value in other:
-                self[key] = value
-        for key, value in kwds.items():
-            self[key] = value
-
-    __update = update  # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
-
-    __marker = object()
-
-    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
-        '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
-        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
-
-        '''
-        if key in self:
-            result = self[key]
-            del self[key]
-            return result
-        if default is self.__marker:
-            raise KeyError(key)
-        return default
-
-    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
-        'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
-        if key in self:
-            return self[key]
-        self[key] = default
-        return default
-
-    def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}):
-        'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
-        call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
-        if call_key in _repr_running:
-            return '...'
-        _repr_running[call_key] = 1
-        try:
-            if not self:
-                return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
-            return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
-        finally:
-            del _repr_running[call_key]
-
-    def __reduce__(self):
-        'Return state information for pickling'
-        items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
-        inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
-        for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
-            inst_dict.pop(k, None)
-        if inst_dict:
-            return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict)
-        return self.__class__, (items,)
-
-    def copy(self):
-        'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
-        return self.__class__(self)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
-        '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
-        and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
-
-        '''
-        d = cls()
-        for key in iterable:
-            d[key] = value
-        return d
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
-        while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
-
-        '''
-        if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
-            return len(self)==len(other) and self.items() == other.items()
-        return dict.__eq__(self, other)
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        return not self == other
-
-    # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
-
-    def viewkeys(self):
-        "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
-        return KeysView(self)
-
-    def viewvalues(self):
-        "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
-        return ValuesView(self)
-
-    def viewitems(self):
-        "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
-        return ItemsView(self)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emails/compat/orderedset.py b/emails/compat/orderedset.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e75dc23..0000000
--- a/emails/compat/orderedset.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-__all__ = ['OrderedSet', ]
-
-try:
-    from collections.abc import MutableSet
-except ImportError:
-    from collections import MutableSet
-
-
-# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576694/
-
-
-class OrderedSet(MutableSet):
-
-    def __init__(self, iterable=None):
-        self.end = end = []
-        end += [None, end, end]         # sentinel node for doubly linked list
-        self.map = {}                   # key --> [key, prev, next]
-        if iterable is not None:
-            self |= iterable
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        return len(self.map)
-
-    def __contains__(self, key):
-        return key in self.map
-
-    def add(self, key):
-        if key not in self.map:
-            end = self.end
-            curr = end[1]
-            curr[2] = end[1] = self.map[key] = [key, curr, end]
-
-    def discard(self, key):
-        if key in self.map:
-            key, prev, next = self.map.pop(key)
-            prev[2] = next
-            next[1] = prev
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        end = self.end
-        curr = end[2]
-        while curr is not end:
-            yield curr[0]
-            curr = curr[2]
-
-    def __reversed__(self):
-        end = self.end
-        curr = end[1]
-        while curr is not end:
-            yield curr[0]
-            curr = curr[1]
-
-    def pop(self, last=True):
-        if not self:
-            raise KeyError('set is empty')
-        key = self.end[1][0] if last else self.end[2][0]
-        self.discard(key)
-        return key
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        if not self:
-            return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
-        return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self))
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, OrderedSet):
-            return len(self) == len(other) and list(self) == list(other)
-        return set(self) == set(other)
diff --git a/emails/django/__init__.py b/emails/django/__init__.py
index 78832df..1594643 100644
--- a/emails/django/__init__.py
+++ b/emails/django/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import absolute_import
 from django.core.mail import get_connection
 from .. message import MessageTransformerMixin, MessageSignMixin, MessageBuildMixin, BaseMessage
 from .. utils import sanitize_email
diff --git a/emails/loader/__init__.py b/emails/loader/__init__.py
index 3e2767d..eb8ca3a 100644
--- a/emails/loader/__init__.py
+++ b/emails/loader/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 import os.path
 from email.utils import formataddr
 
-from ..compat import to_unicode, to_native
-from ..compat import urlparse
+import urllib.parse as urlparse
+
+from ..utils import to_unicode, to_native
 from ..message import Message
 from ..utils import fetch_url
 from .local_store import (FileSystemLoader, ZipLoader, MsgLoader, FileNotFound)
diff --git a/emails/loader/helpers.py b/emails/loader/helpers.py
index 73578ec..7147417 100644
--- a/emails/loader/helpers.py
+++ b/emails/loader/helpers.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 __all__ = ['guess_charset', 'fix_content_type']
 from email.message import Message
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@
 except ImportError:
     import chardet
 
-from ..compat import to_native, to_unicode
+from ..utils import to_native, to_unicode
 
 # HTML page charset stuff
 
diff --git a/emails/loader/local_store.py b/emails/loader/local_store.py
index 1d1cbeb..646f783 100644
--- a/emails/loader/local_store.py
+++ b/emails/loader/local_store.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from email.utils import parseaddr
 import logging
 import mimetypes
@@ -10,11 +9,9 @@
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 import email
 
-from ..compat import to_unicode, string_types, to_native, formataddr as compat_formataddr
-
+from ..utils import to_unicode, to_native, formataddr, decode_header
 from ..loader.helpers import decode_text
 from ..message import Message
-from ..utils import decode_header
 
 class FileNotFound(Exception):
     pass
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ class FileSystemLoader(BaseLoader):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, searchpath, encoding='utf-8', base_path=None):
-        if isinstance(searchpath, string_types):
+        if isinstance(searchpath, str):
             searchpath = [searchpath]
         self.searchpath = list(searchpath)
         self.encoding = encoding
@@ -230,7 +227,7 @@ class MsgLoader(BaseLoader):
     common_charsets = ['ascii', 'utf-8', 'utf-16', 'windows-1252', 'cp850', 'windows-1251']
 
     def __init__(self, msg, base_path=None):
-        if isinstance(msg, string_types):
+        if isinstance(msg, str):
             self.msg = email.message_from_string(msg)
         elif isinstance(msg, bytes):
             self.msg = email.message_from_string(to_native(msg))
@@ -367,7 +364,7 @@ def decode_address_header_value(self, value, skip_invalid=False):
                 if not skip_invalid:
                     r.append(decode_header(email))
             else:
-                r.append(compat_formataddr([decode_header(name), email]))
+                r.append(formataddr([decode_header(name), email]))
 
         return r
 
diff --git a/emails/message.py b/emails/message.py
index 341a70f..ab0ae1c 100644
--- a/emails/message.py
+++ b/emails/message.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from email.utils import getaddresses
 
-from .compat import (string_types, is_callable, formataddr as compat_formataddr, to_unicode, to_native)
-from .utils import (SafeMIMEText, SafeMIMEMultipart, sanitize_address,
+from .utils import (formataddr, to_unicode, to_native,
+                    SafeMIMEText, SafeMIMEMultipart, sanitize_address,
                     parse_name_and_email, load_email_charsets,
                     encode_header as encode_header_,
                     renderable, format_date_header, parse_name_and_email_list,
@@ -157,9 +156,9 @@ def get_date(self):
         v = self._date
         if v is False:
             return None
-        if is_callable(v):
+        if callable(v):
             v = v()
-        if not isinstance(v, string_types):
+        if not isinstance(v, str):
             v = format_date_header(v)
         return v
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def message_id(self):
         mid = self._message_id
         if mid is False:
             return None
-        return is_callable(mid) and mid() or mid
+        return callable(mid) and mid() or mid
 
     @message_id.setter
     def message_id(self, value):
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ def encode_address_header(self, pair):
         if not pair:
             return None
         name, email = pair
-        return compat_formataddr((name or '', email))
+        return formataddr((name or '', email))
 
     encode_name_header = encode_address_header  # legacy name
 
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ def set_header(self, msg, key, value, encode=True):
             # TODO: may be remove header here ?
             return
 
-        if not isinstance(value, string_types):
+        if not isinstance(value, str):
             value = to_unicode(value)
 
         # Prevent header injection
diff --git a/emails/signers.py b/emails/signers.py
index e261bed..4ab52d2 100644
--- a/emails/signers.py
+++ b/emails/signers.py
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@
 #  - use dkimpy v0.3 from http://hewgill.com/pydkim/
 #  - install hashlib (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/hashlib/20081119) and dnspython
 
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import logging
 
 from .packages import dkim
 from .packages.dkim import DKIMException, UnparsableKeyError
 from .packages.dkim.crypto import parse_pem_private_key
-from .compat import to_bytes, to_native
+from .utils import to_bytes, to_native
 
 
 class DKIMSigner:
diff --git a/emails/store/file.py b/emails/store/file.py
index 4a9d26a..080ffbb 100644
--- a/emails/store/file.py
+++ b/emails/store/file.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import uuid
 from mimetypes import guess_type
@@ -7,8 +6,9 @@
 from email.encoders import encode_base64
 from os.path import basename
 
-from ..compat import urlparse, string_types, to_bytes
-from ..utils import fetch_url, encode_header
+import urllib.parse as urlparse
+
+from ..utils import fetch_url, encode_header, to_bytes
 
 
 MIMETYPE_UNKNOWN = 'application/unknown'
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def as_dict(self, fields=None):
 
     def get_data(self):
         _data = getattr(self, '_data', None)
-        if isinstance(_data, string_types):
+        if isinstance(_data, str):
             return _data
         elif hasattr(_data, 'read'):
             return _data.read()
diff --git a/emails/store/store.py b/emails/store/store.py
index d43b04c..60fd63a 100644
--- a/emails/store/store.py
+++ b/emails/store/store.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from os.path import splitext
 
-from ..compat import OrderedDict, string_types
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
 from .file import BaseFile
 
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def __init__(self, file_cls=None):
     def __contains__(self, k):
         if isinstance(k, self.file_cls):
             return k.uri in self._files
-        elif isinstance(k, string_types):
+        elif isinstance(k, str):
             return k in self._files
         else:
             return False
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def remove(self, uri):
         if isinstance(uri, self.file_cls):
             uri = uri.uri
 
-        assert isinstance(uri, string_types)
+        assert isinstance(uri, str)
 
         v = self[uri]
         if v:
diff --git a/emails/template/base.py b/emails/template/base.py
index b80d57d..7b9976c 100644
--- a/emails/template/base.py
+++ b/emails/template/base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import string
 
 
diff --git a/emails/template/jinja_template.py b/emails/template/jinja_template.py
index 8f92f37..8a31d88 100644
--- a/emails/template/jinja_template.py
+++ b/emails/template/jinja_template.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from .base import BaseTemplate
 
 
diff --git a/emails/template/mako_template.py b/emails/template/mako_template.py
index f2f497d..c8b7208 100644
--- a/emails/template/mako_template.py
+++ b/emails/template/mako_template.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from .base import BaseTemplate
 
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/conftest.py b/emails/testsuite/conftest.py
index 60c93c8..3fb2949 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/conftest.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/conftest.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 import sys
 import platform
 
-from emails.compat import to_native, is_py3, to_unicode
 
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
 logger = logging.getLogger()
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/django_/test_django_integrations.py b/emails/testsuite/django_/test_django_integrations.py
index 8ec8031..f8e43bb 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/django_/test_django_integrations.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/django_/test_django_integrations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import warnings
 import emails
 import emails.message
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_helpers.py b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_helpers.py
index 9c7eea7..ab24b2a 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_helpers.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_helpers.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 
 import logging; import  cssutils; cssutils.log.setLevel(logging.FATAL)
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_loaders.py b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_loaders.py
index 1f2dbdf..958574a 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_loaders.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_loaders.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 import os
 from lxml.etree import XMLSyntaxError
 import pytest
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@
 import emails.transformer
 from emails.loader.local_store import (MsgLoader, FileSystemLoader, FileNotFound, ZipLoader,
                                        split_template_path, BaseLoader)
-from emails.compat import text_type, is_pypy
 from emails.loader.helpers import guess_charset
 from emails.exc import HTTPLoaderError
 
@@ -178,14 +176,7 @@ def test_external_urls():
             # Skip if external site does responds 500
             pass
         except SystemError:
-            if is_pypy and os.environ.get('TRAVIS'):
-                # pypy on travis-ci raises SystemError/StackOverflow
-                # in lxml xpath expression for [very complex] smashingmagazine.com html
-                # Think this is not critical.
-                # And I can't reproduce this locally, so just ignore it.
-                pass
-            else:
-                raise
+            raise
 
     assert success  # one of urls should work I hope
 
@@ -199,7 +190,7 @@ def _get_loaders():
 def test_local_store1():
     for loader in _get_loaders():
         print(loader)
-        assert isinstance(loader.content('index.html'), text_type)
+        assert isinstance(loader.content('index.html'), str)
         assert isinstance(loader['index.html'], bytes)
         assert '<table' in loader.content('index.html')
         with pytest.raises(FileNotFound):
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_rfc822_loader.py b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_rfc822_loader.py
index 90782b9..5f5cb8b 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/loader/test_rfc822_loader.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/loader/test_rfc822_loader.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 import glob
 import email
 import datetime
 import os.path
-from emails.compat import to_native
+from emails.utils import to_native
 import emails.loader
 from emails.loader.local_store import MsgLoader
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/helpers.py b/emails/testsuite/message/helpers.py
index 9050bce..79b77b8 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/helpers.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/helpers.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import os
 
 import emails
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/test_dkim.py b/emails/testsuite/message/test_dkim.py
index 4a781ca..4c9eafd 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/test_dkim.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/test_dkim.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import os
 import email
 import pytest
 import emails
 from emails import Message
-from emails.compat import NativeStringIO, to_bytes, to_native, is_py26
+from io import StringIO
+
+from emails.utils import to_bytes, to_native
 from emails.exc import DKIMException
 from emails.utils import load_email_charsets
 import emails.packages.dkim
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def test_dkim():
 
     priv_key, pub_key = _generate_key(length=1024)
 
-    DKIM_PARAMS = [dict(key=NativeStringIO(to_native(priv_key)),
+    DKIM_PARAMS = [dict(key=StringIO(to_native(priv_key)),
                         selector='_dkim',
                         domain='somewhere1.net'),
 
@@ -71,9 +72,6 @@ def test_dkim():
                         domain='somewhere3.net'),
                    ]
 
-    if is_py26:
-        load_email_charsets()
-
     for dkimparams in DKIM_PARAMS:
         message = Message(**common_email_data())
         message.dkim(**dkimparams)
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ def test_dkim_sign_twice():
 
     priv_key, pub_key = _generate_key(length=1024)
     message = Message(**common_email_data())
-    message.dkim(key=NativeStringIO(to_native(priv_key)), selector='_dkim', domain='somewhere.net')
+    message.dkim(key=StringIO(to_native(priv_key)), selector='_dkim', domain='somewhere.net')
     for n in range(2):
         message.subject = 'Test %s' % n
         assert _check_dkim(message, pub_key)
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/test_lazy_gettext.py b/emails/testsuite/message/test_lazy_gettext.py
index 1f1a07a..0a77ebe 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/test_lazy_gettext.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/test_lazy_gettext.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 import gettext
 from emails import Message
 from emails.utils import decode_header
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/test_message.py b/emails/testsuite/message/test_message.py
index 51fead3..7f7f830 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/test_message.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/test_message.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 import datetime
 from email.utils import parseaddr
 from dateutil.parser import parse as dateutil_parse
@@ -8,7 +7,9 @@
 import emails
 from emails import Message
 import emails.exc
-from emails.compat import to_unicode, StringIO, is_py2, is_py34_plus
+from io import StringIO
+
+from emails.utils import to_unicode
 from emails.utils import decode_header, MessageID
 from emails.backend.inmemory import InMemoryBackend
 
@@ -156,24 +157,22 @@ def test_rfc6532_address():
 
 def test_message_policy():
 
-    if is_py34_plus:
-
-        def gen_policy(**kw):
-            import email.policy
-            return email.policy.SMTP.clone(**kw)
-
-        # Generate without policy
-        m1 = emails.Message(**common_email_data())
-        m1.policy = None
-        # Just generate without policy
-        m1.as_string()
-
-        # Generate with policy
-        m1 = emails.Message(**common_email_data())
-        m1.policy = gen_policy(max_line_length=60)
-        # WTF: This check fails.
-        # assert max([len(l) for l in m1.as_string().split(b'\n')]) <= 60
-        # TODO: another policy checks
+    def gen_policy(**kw):
+        import email.policy
+        return email.policy.SMTP.clone(**kw)
+
+    # Generate without policy
+    m1 = emails.Message(**common_email_data())
+    m1.policy = None
+    # Just generate without policy
+    m1.as_string()
+
+    # Generate with policy
+    m1 = emails.Message(**common_email_data())
+    m1.policy = gen_policy(max_line_length=60)
+    # WTF: This check fails.
+    # assert max([len(l) for l in m1.as_string().split(b'\n')]) <= 60
+    # TODO: another policy checks
 
 
 def test_message_id():
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/test_send.py b/emails/testsuite/message/test_send.py
index 1c2b8c0..6b70560 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/test_send.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/test_send.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import time
 import random
 import pytest
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/message/test_template.py b/emails/testsuite/message/test_template.py
index 6fc86b5..5ef9702 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/message/test_template.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/message/test_template.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encode: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import emails
 from emails.template import JinjaTemplate, StringTemplate, MakoTemplate
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_factory.py b/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_factory.py
index da47db3..0c3fd52 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_factory.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_factory.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 from emails.backend.factory import ObjectFactory
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_smtp_backend.py b/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_smtp_backend.py
index a1cdc19..0331cc0 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_smtp_backend.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/smtp/test_smtp_backend.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import socket
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/smtp_servers.py b/emails/testsuite/smtp_servers.py
index 4b0afd2..56c09d4 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/smtp_servers.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/smtp_servers.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import datetime
 import random
 import time
-from emails.compat import to_unicode
+from emails.utils import to_unicode
 
 DEFAULT_FROM = os.environ.get('SMTP_TEST_FROM_EMAIL') or 'python-emails@lavr.me'
 SUBJECT_SUFFIX = os.environ.get('SMTP_TEST_SUBJECT_SUFFIX')
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/store/test_store.py b/emails/testsuite/store/test_store.py
index 4d8d365..30a5ada 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/store/test_store.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/store/test_store.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 import emails
 import emails.store
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/test_templates.py b/emails/testsuite/test_templates.py
index 0554e1c..dab2fb6 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/test_templates.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/test_templates.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 from emails.template import MakoTemplate, StringTemplate, JinjaTemplate
 from emails.template.base import BaseTemplate
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/test_utils.py b/emails/testsuite/test_utils.py
index 5591d14..c61611a 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/test_utils.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/test_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 import datetime
 import time
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_parser.py b/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_parser.py
index e7147b0..927bfb3 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_parser.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_parser.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import print_function
 from emails.transformer import HTMLParser
 
 
diff --git a/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_transformer.py b/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_transformer.py
index 9ba9e81..e70883e 100644
--- a/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_transformer.py
+++ b/emails/testsuite/transformer/test_transformer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import os.path
 import emails.loader
 from emails.loader.local_store import FileSystemLoader, BaseLoader
diff --git a/emails/transformer.py b/emails/transformer.py
index 46234bf..f586be6 100644
--- a/emails/transformer.py
+++ b/emails/transformer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import functools
 import logging
@@ -12,7 +11,9 @@
 from premailer import Premailer
 from premailer.premailer import ExternalNotFoundError
 
-from .compat import urlparse, to_unicode, is_callable
+import urllib.parse as urlparse
+
+from .utils import to_unicode
 from .loader.local_store import FileNotFound
 from .store import MemoryFileStore, LazyHTTPFile
 from .template.base import BaseTemplate
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ def load_and_transform(self,
         # 2. Load linked images and transform links
         # If load_images is a function, use if as callback
         if load_images:
-            if is_callable(load_images):
+            if callable(load_images):
                 func = functools.partial(self._load_attachment_func, callback=load_images)
             else:
                 func = self._load_attachment_func
diff --git a/emails/utils.py b/emails/utils.py
index a4e5230..61d895c 100644
--- a/emails/utils.py
+++ b/emails/utils.py
@@ -1,27 +1,68 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import sys
 import os
 import socket
 from time import mktime
 from datetime import datetime
 from random import randrange
 from functools import wraps
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
 
 import email.charset
 from email import generator
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.header import Header, decode_header as decode_header_
-from email.utils import parseaddr, formatdate
-from emails.compat import formataddr
+from email.utils import parseaddr, formatdate, escapesre, specialsre
 
 import requests
 
 from . import USER_AGENT
-from .compat import string_types, to_unicode, NativeStringIO, is_py2, BytesIO, to_native
 from .exc import HTTPLoaderError
 
 
+def to_native(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
+    if x is None or isinstance(x, str):
+        return x
+    return x.decode(charset, errors)
+
+
+def to_unicode(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict',
+               allow_none_charset=False):
+    if x is None:
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(x, bytes):
+        return str(x)
+    if charset is None and allow_none_charset:
+        return x
+    return x.decode(charset, errors)
+
+
+def to_bytes(x, charset=sys.getdefaultencoding(), errors='strict'):
+    if x is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+        return bytes(x)
+    if isinstance(x, str):
+        return x.encode(charset, errors)
+    raise TypeError('Expected bytes')
+
+
+def formataddr(pair):
+    """
+    Takes a 2-tuple of the form (realname, email_address) and returns RFC2822-like string.
+    Does not encode non-ascii realname (unlike stdlib email.utils.formataddr).
+    """
+    name, address = pair
+    if name:
+        quotes = ''
+        if specialsre.search(name):
+            quotes = '"'
+        name = escapesre.sub(r'\\\g<0>', name)
+        return '%s%s%s <%s>' % (quotes, name, quotes, address)
+    return address
+
+
 _charsets_loaded = False
 
 CHARSETS_FIX = [
@@ -120,7 +161,7 @@ def parse_name_and_email_list(elements, encoding='utf-8'):
     if not elements:
         return []
 
-    if isinstance(elements, string_types):
+    if isinstance(elements, str):
         return [parse_name_and_email(elements, encoding), ]
 
     if not isinstance(elements, (list, tuple)):
@@ -131,7 +172,7 @@ def parse_name_and_email_list(elements, encoding='utf-8'):
         # Let's do some guesses
         if isinstance(elements, tuple):
             n, e = elements
-            if isinstance(e, string_types) and (not n or isinstance(n, string_types)):
+            if isinstance(e, str) and (not n or isinstance(n, str)):
                 # It is probably a pair (name, email)
                 return [parse_name_and_email(elements, encoding), ]
 
@@ -147,7 +188,7 @@ def parse_name_and_email(obj, encoding='utf-8'):
             name, email = obj
         else:
             raise ValueError("Can not parse_name_and_email from %s" % obj)
-    elif isinstance(obj, string_types):
+    elif isinstance(obj, str):
         name, email = parseaddr(obj)
     else:
         raise ValueError("Can not parse_name_and_email from %s" % obj)
@@ -172,7 +213,7 @@ def sanitize_email(addr, encoding='ascii', parse=False):
 
 
 def sanitize_address(addr, encoding='ascii'):
-    if isinstance(addr, string_types):
+    if isinstance(addr, str):
         addr = parseaddr(to_unicode(addr))
     nm, addr = addr
     # This try-except clause is needed on Python 3 < 3.2.4
@@ -192,19 +233,13 @@ def as_string(self, unixfrom=False, linesep='\n'):
         This overrides the default as_string() implementation to not mangle
         lines that begin with 'From '. See bug #13433 for details.
         """
-        fp = NativeStringIO()
+        fp = StringIO()
         g = generator.Generator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
-        if is_py2:
-            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
-        else:
-            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
+        g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
 
         return fp.getvalue()
 
-    if is_py2:
-        as_bytes = as_string
-    else:
-        def as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, linesep='\n'):
+    def as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, linesep='\n'):
             """Return the entire formatted message as bytes.
             Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
             header.
@@ -245,7 +280,7 @@ def fetch_url(url, valid_http_codes=(200, ), requests_args=None):
 
 
 def encode_header(value, charset='utf-8'):
-    if isinstance(value, string_types):
+    if isinstance(value, str):
         value = to_unicode(value, charset=charset).rstrip()
         _r = Header(value, charset)
         return str(_r)
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 73c0a4a..741e83c 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -5,3 +5,9 @@ universal=1
 norecursedirs = .* {arch} *.egg *.egg-info dist build requirements
 markers =
     e2e: tests that require a running SMTP server
+
+[coverage:run]
+omit = emails/testsuite/*
+
+[coverage:report]
+omit = emails/testsuite/*
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 442de22..216c982 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ def find_version(*file_paths):
     author_email='s@lavr.me',
     url='https://github.com/lavr/python-emails',
     packages=['emails',
-              'emails.compat',
               'emails.django',
               'emails.loader',
               'emails.store',