diff --git a/.github/workflows/mutation-cargo.yml b/.github/workflows/mutation-cargo.yml
index 4935b7c2..3d77f229 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mutation-cargo.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mutation-cargo.yml
@@ -247,6 +247,30 @@ jobs:
           cache-dependency-glob: |
             **/workflow_scripts/*.py
 
+      - name: Expose libpython for PyO3 test binaries
+        if: ${{ env.ACT != 'true' }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # PyO3 embedding crates (the auto-initialize pattern) link their
+          # test binaries against the interpreter PyO3's build script resolves
+          # from PATH. "Setup uv" places a uv-managed CPython ahead of the
+          # system python3, and its libpython lives under uv's private install
+          # directory, which is not on the dynamic loader's default search
+          # path. The baseline `cargo test` binary then aborts at run time with
+          # "libpython3.NN.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file" and no mutant
+          # is ever scored (issue #372). Add the resolved interpreter's LIBDIR
+          # to LD_LIBRARY_PATH for every later step. This is harmless for
+          # non-PyO3 callers: no test binary links libpython, so nothing loads
+          # from the added directory.
+          libdir="$(python3 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or "")')"
+          if [[ -z "${libdir}" || ! -d "${libdir}" ]]; then
+            echo "No Python LIBDIR resolved (${libdir:-empty}); leaving LD_LIBRARY_PATH unchanged" >&2
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          echo "Adding ${libdir} to LD_LIBRARY_PATH for PyO3 test binaries"
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${libdir}${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+
       - name: Relocate workflow source
         # Move the workflow checkout out of the caller's workspace so
         # tree-scanning tests in the caller's suite (manifest sweeps,
diff --git a/docs/mutation-cargo-workflow.md b/docs/mutation-cargo-workflow.md
index 56473dcb..229b25c1 100644
--- a/docs/mutation-cargo-workflow.md
+++ b/docs/mutation-cargo-workflow.md
@@ -99,6 +99,11 @@ jobs:
 - GitHub disables cron triggers after 60 days of repository
   inactivity; a quiet repository silently stops running, which is an
   acceptable failure mode for an informational workflow.
+- Callers with PyO3 embedding crates (the `auto-initialize` pattern)
+  are handled automatically: the workflow adds the uv-provisioned
+  interpreter's `LIBDIR` to `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` before running
+  cargo-mutants, so test binaries linked against `libpython` load it at
+  run time. No `setup-commands` workaround is needed.
 
 ## Local validation
 
diff --git a/workflow_scripts/tests/test_mutation_workflow_shape.py b/workflow_scripts/tests/test_mutation_workflow_shape.py
index 78618042..23e9d54f 100644
--- a/workflow_scripts/tests/test_mutation_workflow_shape.py
+++ b/workflow_scripts/tests/test_mutation_workflow_shape.py
@@ -55,6 +55,38 @@ def _step_names(steps: list[dict[str, object]]) -> list[object]:
     return [step.get("name") for step in steps]
 
 
+def test_mutants_job_exposes_libpython_before_running() -> None:
+    """The mutants job puts libpython on LD_LIBRARY_PATH before cargo-mutants.
+
+    PyO3 embedding crates link their test binaries against the uv-managed
+    interpreter that "Setup uv" places on PATH, whose libpython is not on the
+    loader's default search path. Without exporting its LIBDIR onto
+    LD_LIBRARY_PATH the baseline `cargo test` binary aborts at run time and no
+    mutant is scored (issue #372). The export must land before the
+    "Run mutation testing" step that builds and runs those binaries.
+    """
+    jobs = _jobs("mutation-cargo.yml")
+    assert "mutants" in jobs, "mutation-cargo.yml must declare a mutants job"
+    steps = _steps(jobs["mutants"])
+    names = _step_names(steps)
+    exposers = [
+        index
+        for index, step in enumerate(steps)
+        if isinstance(step.get("run"), str)
+        and "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=" in typ.cast("str", step.get("run"))
+        and 'get_config_var("LIBDIR")' in typ.cast("str", step.get("run"))
+    ]
+    assert exposers, (
+        "mutation-cargo.yml mutants job must export the interpreter LIBDIR "
+        "onto LD_LIBRARY_PATH for PyO3 test binaries (issue #372)"
+    )
+    assert "Run mutation testing" in names, "mutants job must run cargo-mutants"
+    run_index = names.index("Run mutation testing")
+    assert min(exposers) < run_index, (
+        "the LD_LIBRARY_PATH export must precede the Run mutation testing step"
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("workflow_name", WORKFLOW_NAMES)
 def test_every_workflow_checkout_is_followed_by_relocation(
     workflow_name: str,