diff --git a/core/peer/record.go b/core/peer/record.go
index fce69ce00c..7f9b1defed 100644
--- a/core/peer/record.go
+++ b/core/peer/record.go
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func addrsFromProtobuf(addrs []*pb.PeerRecord_AddressInfo) []ma.Multiaddr {
 	out := make([]ma.Multiaddr, 0, len(addrs))
 	for _, addr := range addrs {
 		a, err := ma.NewMultiaddrBytes(addr.Multiaddr)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err != nil || len(a) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 		out = append(out, a)
@@ -245,6 +245,14 @@ func addrsFromProtobuf(addrs []*pb.PeerRecord_AddressInfo) []ma.Multiaddr {
 func addrsToProtobuf(addrs []ma.Multiaddr) []*pb.PeerRecord_AddressInfo {
 	out := make([]*pb.PeerRecord_AddressInfo, 0, len(addrs))
 	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		// Drop empty multiaddrs. Since go-multiaddr v0.15 made Multiaddr a
+		// slice type, a zero-value Multiaddr has no components and encodes
+		// to zero bytes on the wire. Receivers that skip the empty-input
+		// check decode those bytes as "/" and reject the address.
+		// See https://github.com/libp2p/js-libp2p/issues/3478#issuecomment-4322093929
+		if len(addr) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
 		out = append(out, &pb.PeerRecord_AddressInfo{Multiaddr: addr.Bytes()})
 	}
 	return out
diff --git a/core/peer/record_test.go b/core/peer/record_test.go
index b06f113404..865eb080e4 100644
--- a/core/peer/record_test.go
+++ b/core/peer/record_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	. "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/peer"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/record"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/test"
+	ma "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr"
 )
 
 func TestPeerRecordConstants(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,6 +54,49 @@ func TestSignedPeerRecordFromEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// Regression: PeerRecord must not write empty multiaddrs onto the wire.
+// A zero-component Multiaddr encodes to zero bytes, and peers that skip
+// the empty-input check render those bytes as "/". go-libp2p's own
+// decoder errors on empty input via NewMultiaddrBytes and drops the
+// entry, so a round-trip on go-libp2p alone hides the bug. The test
+// inspects marshaled record bytes instead.
+//
+// See https://github.com/libp2p/js-libp2p/issues/3478#issuecomment-4322093929
+func TestPeerRecordDropsEmptyMultiaddrs(t *testing.T) {
+	priv, _, err := test.RandTestKeyPair(crypto.Ed25519, 256)
+	test.AssertNilError(t, err)
+	id, err := IDFromPrivateKey(priv)
+	test.AssertNilError(t, err)
+
+	good, err := ma.NewMultiaddr("/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001")
+	test.AssertNilError(t, err)
+
+	rec := &PeerRecord{
+		PeerID: id,
+		Addrs:  []ma.Multiaddr{nil, good, {}, good},
+		Seq:    TimestampSeq(),
+	}
+	recBytes, err := rec.MarshalRecord()
+	test.AssertNilError(t, err)
+
+	rec2 := &PeerRecord{}
+	if err := rec2.UnmarshalRecord(recBytes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(rec2.Addrs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 non-empty addrs after round-trip, got %d", len(rec2.Addrs))
+	}
+
+	// Re-encode and compare bytes. Without the fix, the original record
+	// holds zero-length addr fields that get dropped on decode, so the
+	// re-encoded bytes are shorter than the original.
+	rec2Bytes, err := rec2.MarshalRecord()
+	test.AssertNilError(t, err)
+	if !bytes.Equal(recBytes, rec2Bytes) {
+		t.Fatal("PeerRecord wire form contained empty multiaddr entries")
+	}
+}
+
 // This is pretty much guaranteed to pass on Linux no matter how we implement it, but Windows has
 // low clock precision. This makes sure we never get a duplicate.
 func TestTimestampSeq(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/p2p/host/basic/addrs_manager.go b/p2p/host/basic/addrs_manager.go
index 8fb19455a4..297a0f020c 100644
--- a/p2p/host/basic/addrs_manager.go
+++ b/p2p/host/basic/addrs_manager.go
@@ -573,6 +573,13 @@ func (a *addrsManager) makeSignedPeerRecord(addrs []ma.Multiaddr) (*record.Envel
 	if a.signKey == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("signKey is nil")
 	}
+	// Drop empty multiaddrs before sealing. A zero-component Multiaddr
+	// would otherwise enter the signed envelope and reach peers as "/"
+	// when they decode the wire bytes.
+	// See https://github.com/libp2p/js-libp2p/issues/3478#issuecomment-4322093929
+	addrs = slices.DeleteFunc(slices.Clone(addrs), func(m ma.Multiaddr) bool {
+		return len(m) == 0
+	})
 	// Limit the length of currentAddrs to ensure that our signed peer records aren't rejected
 	peerRecordSize := 64 // HostID
 	k, err := a.signKey.Raw()