arch-install.rtf

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\deftab560
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\f0\b\fs38 \cf2 Install Archlinux onto a USB key using QEMU\
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\f1\b0\fs26 \cf2 \ul \ulc2 \
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 Download the image
\fs26 \
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\cf2 \ulnone \
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\f1\b0 \cf2 Download a mirror from {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.archlinux.org/download/"}}{\fldrslt \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://www.archlinux.org/download/}}
\f0\b  
\f1\b0 and name it 
\f0\b archlinux-XXXXXX.iso\

\f1\b0 $ 
\f0\b hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o ~/arch ~/archlinux-2019.06.01-x86_64.iso
\f1\b0 \cf4 \ul \ulc4 \
\cf2 \ulnone 	convert the ISO to an DMG and name it 
\f0\b arch.dmg
\f1\b0 \
$ 
\f0\b hdiutil convert arch.dmg -format RdWr -o arch.img\

\f1\b0 	convert the DMG to an IMG\ul \ulc2 \
\ulnone Save it to $HOME
\fs28 \
\
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\f0\b \cf2 \ul Launch the VM
\f1\b0\fs26 \
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\cf2 \ulnone \
$ 
\f0\b diskutil list
\f1\b0 \
	to find out where the USB key is on the system\
	we will assume it is located on disk2\
$ 
\f0\b diskutil unmount /dev/disk2
\f1\b0 \
	unmount the device so it is not busy when QEMU uses it\
	you only need to do this the first time, once arch is bootstrapped (fully installed with all dependencies) it no longer automatically mounts\
$ 
\f0\b sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1024 -boot d -smp 3 -net nic -net user -hda arch.img -cdrom archlinux-XXXXXX.iso -drive file=/dev/disk2,format=raw,cache=none,if=virtio\

\f1\b0 	open the QEMU VM using the ISO by the name of the file downloaded to $HOME\
		
\f0\b -net nic
\f1\b0  means \'93use default network\'94\
		\
We are now in the QEMU VM, and will continue to be until the octothorps (#) become dollar signs ($) again\
# 
\f0\b loadkeys
\f1\b0  
\f0\b keymapping\

\f1\b0 	load a key mapping (keymapping) that you want to use for QEMU\
	# 
\f0\b loadkeys -d
\f1\b0  gives you the default if you mess up\
	# 
\f0\b\fs24 ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
\f1\b0  lists the key mappings\
	I recommend 
\f0\b us
\f1\b0  or don\'92t bother changing it
\fs26 \
\
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Prepare USB partitions
\f1\b0\fs26 \ulnone \
\
# 
\f0\b fdisk -l\
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\f1\b0 \cf2 	figure out where the device is located\
	in this example, we assume it is located at vda\
\
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\fs24 \cf2 # 
\f0\b parted /dev/vda
\f1\b0 \
. 
\f0\b mktable gpt\

\f1\b0 . 
\f0\b mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 261MiB\

\f1\b0 . 
\f0\b\fs26 set 1 esp on\
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\f1\b0 \cf2 . 
\f0\b mkpart primary ext4 261MiB 100%\
. name 1 \'91the-efi-partition\'92\
. name 2 \'91archenemy-beta\'92\

\f1\b0 . 
\f0\b quit
\f1\b0 \
	make the partition table, generate two partitions of filesystem FAT32 (260MiB) and ext4 (the rest) on a GPT partition table\
	each line after 
\f0\b parted
\f1\b0  should begin with (parted) but to avoid confusion we write this just as \'93.\'94
\fs24 \
[ # 
\f0\b\fs26 parted /dev/vda print
\f1\b0  ]\
	test to see if everything is good\
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\fs24 \cf2 # 
\f0\b mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda2
\f1\b0\fs26 \

\fs24 	initialise proper ext4 filesystem on the root\
# 
\f0\b mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/vda1
\f1\b0 \
	initialise the proper FAT32 filesystem on the ESP\
\
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Bootstrap Arch\
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\f1\b0\fs24 \cf2 \ulnone \
# 
\f0\b mount /dev/vda2 /mnt
\f1\b0 \
	mount the root\
# 
\f0\b mkdir /mnt/efi
\f1\b0 \
	create the mount point for the ESP\
# 
\f0\b mount /dev/vda1 /mnt/efi
\f1\b0 \
	mount the ESP\
[ # 
\f0\b vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
\f1\b0 \
	move different URLs around based on geographical location ]\
	for better response times\
	automatically generated as well, but rectification sometimes required\
# 
\f0\b pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
\f1\b0 \
	pacstrap the 
\f0\b base
\f1\b0  and 
\f0\b base-devel 
\f1\b0 packages\
	handle errors\
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\ls1\ilvl2
\f2\fs20 \cf2 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}
\f1\fs24 If you get a key-signing issue: \'93Signature from Andreas Radke [\'85] is invalid [\'85] Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded,\'94 try 
\f0\b pacman-key --init, pacman-key --populate archlinux
\f1\b0  and re-run the 
\f0\b pacstrap
\f1\b0  command\
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\cf2 \
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Configure Arch\
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\f1\b0\fs24 \cf2 \ulnone \
# 
\f0\b genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab\

\f1\b0 	generate fstab, which is used to disk partitions mount onto the filesystem\
	don\'92t bother checking the output \'97 it uses QEMU\'92s UUID\'92s which are wrong, we will fix this\
# 
\f0\b vi /mnt/etc/fstab\

\f1\b0 	change the \'93UUID=XXXX-XXX\'94 parts to, respectively, 
\f0\b /dev/disk/by-partlabel/archenemy-beta
\f1\b0  and 
\f0\b /dev/disk/by-partlabel/the-efi-partition
\f1\b0 \
# 
\f0\b arch-chroot /mnt\

\f1\b0 	treat mounted partition (the ext4 that will become the Arch partition) as the root\
[]# 
\f0\b ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Los_Angeles /etc/localtime
\f1\b0 \
	Set timezone to local time (change as necessary)\
[]# 
\f0\b hwclock --systohc
\f1\b0 \
	generate /etc/adjtime (specifics aren\'92t important, you\'92re dealing with time)\
[]# 
\f0\b vi /etc/locale.gen\

\f1\b0 	uncomment necessary lines (e.g. en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, bi_VS UTF-8, en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8, es_CR.UTF-8 UTF-8)\
[]# 
\f0\b locale-gen\

\f1\b0 	regenerate the locale (\'93write out\'94 the previous file into use)
\f0\b \

\f1\b0 [ []# 
\f0\b locale -a
\f1\b0  ]\
	check to see if everything is as it should be\
[]#
\f0\b  echo \'93LANG=en_US.UTF-8\'94 > /etc/locale.conf\
	
\f1\b0 set language\
[]# 
\f0\b echo \'93KEYMAP=us\'94 > /etc/vconsole.conf
\f1\b0 \
[]# 
\f0\b echo \'93archenemy-beta\'94 > /etc/hostname\

\f1\b0 	set your hostname\'97we will assume archenemy-beta as a hostname\
	this is what will appear on servers and such\
[]# 
\f0\b vi /etc/hosts
\f1\b0 \
	write the following:\
127.0.0.1	localhost\
::1		localhost\
127.0.1.1	archenemy-beta.localdomain		archenemy-beta\
	change 127.0.0.1 to the permanent IP if it exists\
[]# 
\f0\b passwd
\f1\b0 \

\f0\b 	
\f1\b0 set the password\
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul \
Install & Configure GRUB2\
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\f1\b0\fs24 \cf2 \ulnone \
[]# 
\f0\b pacman -S grub efibootmgr\

\f1\b0 	install 
\f0\b grub
\f1\b0 , which is a package that helps install GRUB2, and 
\f0\b efibootmgr
\f1\b0 , which is used by the GRUB installation script to write to NVRAM\
[]# 
\f0\b mkdir /boot/grub
\f1\b0 \
	make the grub directory\
[]# 
\f0\b grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB\

\f1\b0 	this actually installs GRUB2 and all necessary packages\
[]# 
\f0\b grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg\

\f1\b0 	make the config file for GRUB2\
\
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Bless EFI\
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\f1\b0\fs24 \cf2 \ulnone \
[]# 
\f0\b exit\

\f1\b0 	exit from the arch-chroot
\f0\b \

\f1\b0 [ # 
\f0\b umount -R /mnt
\f1\b0  ]\
	unmount all partitions\
Exit into Terminal and 
\f0\b ^C
\f1\b0  to stop QEMU\
$ 
\f0\b mkdir ~/efi\

\f1\b0 	create the new mount point ~/efi
\f0\b \

\f1\b0 $
\f0\b  sudo mount -w -t msdos /dev/disk2s1 ~/efi\

\f1\b0 	mount the EFI System partition onto the new mount point ~/efi\
$ 
\f0\b bless --folder ~/efi/EFI/GRUB --file ~/efi/EFI/GRUB/grubx64.efi\

\f1\b0 	bless the EFI System partition to make it bootable\
[ $ 
\f0\b rm -rf ~/efi
\f1\b0  ]\
	optionally delete the folder\
\
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\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Rectify the FSTAB
\f1\b0\fs24 \ulnone \
\
Still in the MacOS terminal, run\
$ 
\f0\b diskutil infodisk2s2 | grep -i UUID\
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\f1\b0 \cf2 	collect the UUID of the Arch partition (choose the second, 
\f3\i Disk / Partition UUID
\f1\i0  hex string) [assuming disk2s1/2 syntax as outlined at the beginning]\
$ 
\f0\b diskutil infodisk2s1 | grep -i UUID\

\f1\b0 	same as above, but with the ESP (choose the second, 
\f3\i Disk / Partition UUID
\f1\i0  hex string)\
Boot into QEMU as before, mount Arch and the ESP, and 
\f0\b arch-chroot
\f1\b0  into 
\f0\b /mnt
\f1\b0 \
# 
\f0\b vi /etc/fstab\

\f1\b0 	change the UUID\'92s to the above values\
\
\pard\pardeftab560\slleading20\partightenfactor0

\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Boot Arch
\f1\b0\fs24 \ulnone \
\
$ 
\f0\b reboot\
	
\f1\b0 hold Alt whilst the computer reboots\
Click on EFI System and hit enter, select Arch and hit enter\
\

\f0\b\fs28 \ul Keyboard Troubleshooting
\f1\b0\fs24 \ulnone \
If the keyboard doesn\'92t work, test (in QEMU, after mounting twice and arch-chrooting into the arch partition)\
# 
\f0\b localectl status
\f1\b0 \
	If the VC keymap section shows n/a, then do\
	# 
\f0\b localectl set-keymap --no-convert keymap
\f4\i \
		
\f1\i0\b0 for your 
\f0\b keymap
\f1\b0 \
	If the X11 keymap section shows n/a then do \
	# 
\f0\b localectl set-x11-keymap keymap\
\pard\pardeftab560\slleading20\partightenfactor0

\f1\b0 \cf2 		for your 
\f0\b keymap
\f1\b0 \
\uc0\u8232 \

\f0\b udevadm info -n /dev/vda2\
/dev/disk/by-partlabel/zephyr-alpha
\f1\b0 \
\
\
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\cf2 \
\pard\pardeftab560\slleading20\partightenfactor0

\f0\b\fs28 \cf2 \ul Bibliography
\f1\b0\fs24 \ulnone \
\pard\pardeftab560\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \cf2 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFI_system_partition"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFI_system_partition}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Parted#UEFI/GPT_examples"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Parted#UEFI/GPT_examples}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Installation_2"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Installation_2}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=149229"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=149229}}
\f1\fs24  (key signing error handling)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFI_system_partition#Check_for_an_existing_partition"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFI_system_partition#Check_for_an_existing_partition}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Help:Reading#Installation_of_packages"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Help:Reading#Installation_of_packages}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Generate_the_main_configuration_file"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Generate_the_main_configuration_file}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#UEFI_variables"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#UEFI_variables}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://bombich.com/kb/ccc4/what-makes-volume-bootable"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://bombich.com/kb/ccc4/what-makes-volume-bootable}}
\f1\fs24  (bootability)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Mount_efivarfs"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Mount_efivarfs}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Mount_efivarfs"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Mount_efivarfs}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/91620/efi-variables-are-not-supported-on-this-system"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/91620/efi-variables-are-not-supported-on-this-system}}
\f1\fs24  (efivars)\ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/EFI_stub_kernel"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/EFI_stub_kernel}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Persistent_block_device_naming"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Persistent_block_device_naming}}
\f1\fs24 \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=208194"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=208194}}
\f1\fs24  (keyboard)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Linux_console/Keyboard_configuration#Viewing_keyboard_settings"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Linux_console/Keyboard_configuration#Viewing_keyboard_settings}}
\f1\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/137862/why-does-fstab-use-uuid-instead-of-the-actual-file-system-name"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/137862/why-does-fstab-use-uuid-instead-of-the-actual-file-system-name}}
\f1\fs24  (modifying FSTAB to use non persistent device block naming conventions)\ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/524807/installing-arch-onto-a-usb-key-from-qemu-emulation-but-all-efivar-files-missing"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/524807/installing-arch-onto-a-usb-key-from-qemu-emulation-but-all-efivar-files-missing}}
\f1\fs24  (my question ESP not bootable after bless)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/525538/dropped-into-arch-emergency-shell-incorrect-fstab-causes-mounting-issues-keybonoredirect=1&lq=1"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/525538/dropped-into-arch-emergency-shell-incorrect-fstab-causes-mounting-issues-keybonoredirect=1&lq=1}}
\f1\fs24  (my question emergency shell)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/76zuyi/cant_boot_and_cant_type_in_emergency_shell/"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/76zuyi/cant_boot_and_cant_type_in_emergency_shell/}}
\f1\fs24  (similar problem)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://serverfault.com/questions/468785/is-it-safe-to-change-the-name-of-a-partition-in-a-gpt-table-using-parted"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://serverfault.com/questions/468785/is-it-safe-to-change-the-name-of-a-partition-in-a-gpt-table-using-parted}}
\f1\fs24  (naming using parted)\
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.tecmint.com/change-modify-linux-disk-partition-label-names/"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://www.tecmint.com/change-modify-linux-disk-partition-label-names/}}
\f1\fs22  (partition label names)
\fs24 \ul \
\ls2\ilvl0
\f2\fs20 \ulnone {\listtext	\uc0\u8226 	}{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#Setting_static_device_names"}}{\fldrslt 
\f1\fs24 \cf3 \ul \ulc3 https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev#Setting_static_device_names}}
\f1\fs24 \cf4  
\fs22 \cf2 (tools for getting paths by-partlabel remember echo 2 > /sys/module/hid_apple/parameters/fnmode for function keys)
\fs24 \ul \
\pard\pardeftab560\slleading20\partightenfactor0
\cf2 \ulnone \
}