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padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="页面路径"><ul class="breadcrumbs"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="主页面" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Linux</span></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Linux</h1></header>
<blockquote>
<p>完善中</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="快捷键">快捷键<a href="#快捷键" class="hash-link" aria-label="快捷键的直接链接" title="快捷键的直接链接"></a></h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>光标回到开头：<code>ctrl + a</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>光标回到末尾：<code>ctrl + e</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="vim快捷键">VIM快捷键<a href="#vim快捷键" class="hash-link" aria-label="VIM快捷键的直接链接" title="VIM快捷键的直接链接"></a></h2>
<ol>
<li>undo：<code>u</code></li>
<li>redo：<code>ctrl + r</code></li>
<li>删除当前字符：<code>x</code></li>
<li>删除当前行：<code>dd</code></li>
<li>pageup：<code>fn + up </code></li>
<li>pagedown：<code>fn + down </code></li>
<li>搜索单词：<code>/word</code>回车，然后按n不停搜</li>
<li>行首：<code>^</code></li>
<li>行尾：<code>$</code></li>
<li>下个单词：<code>w</code></li>
<li>上个单词：<code>b</code></li>
<li>删除包括本行在内的后续行：<code>:,$d</code></li>
<li>多选字符：<code>v</code></li>
<li>块模式多选字符：<code>ctrl + v</code>，多选完按d或x删除，也可以按c替换</li>
<li>缩进：<code><<</code>和<code>>></code></li>
</ol>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="shell">Shell<a href="#shell" class="hash-link" aria-label="Shell的直接链接" title="Shell的直接链接"></a></h2>
<ol>
<li>脚本以<code>#!/bin/bash</code>开头</li>
<li>可通过<code>chmod +x ./index.sh</code>使其可执行</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="变量">变量<a href="#变量" class="hash-link" aria-label="变量的直接链接" title="变量的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name="akara" # 声明变量 等号前后要粘着</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo $name # 使用变量</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo ${name} # 使用变量 *推荐</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">readonly name # 使变量只读</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">unset name # 删除变量，不能删除只读变量</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><code>Shell</code>变量可分为当前脚本下的局部变量，以及环境变量。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># 字符串（单引号）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name='akara'</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># 字符串（双引号）</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name="akara"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>单引号字符串内部字符会原样输出，即内部不能有变量和转义符号。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># 单引号</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name='akara'</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo 'i am ${name}' # i am ${name}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># 双引号</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name='akara'</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo "i am ${name}"" # i am akara</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">arr=("a" "b" "c") # 数组</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo ${arr[0]} # "a"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo ${arr[@]} # 输出数组所有项 "a" "b" "c"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="传递参数">传递参数<a href="#传递参数" class="hash-link" aria-label="传递参数的直接链接" title="传递参数的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo "$1 $2 $3"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">./index.sh a b c # a b c</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="运算符">运算符<a href="#运算符" class="hash-link" aria-label="运算符的直接链接" title="运算符的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p><code>shell</code>中进行运算通常使用反引号配合<code>expr</code>来实现</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">a=10</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">b=20</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo `expr $a + $b`</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>条件判断：</strong></p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">if [ $name == 'akara' ] # 注意，一定要留出空格</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">then</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> echo "相等"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fi</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>补充：判断相等时可以用<code>==</code>，也可以直接用<code>=</code></p>
<p><strong>逻辑运算：</strong></p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">name="akara"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">age=22</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">if [[ $name == 'akara' && $age == 20 ]]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">then</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> echo "相等"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">else </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> echo "不相等"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fi</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="输出重定向">输出重定向<a href="#输出重定向" class="hash-link" aria-label="输出重定向的直接链接" title="输出重定向的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo "hello" > index.js # 覆盖</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">echo "hello" >> index.js # 不覆盖，添加到文件尾部</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>可以通过重定向，让我们在执行某些脚本时屏蔽输出</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">./index.sh > /dev/null</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="常用命令">常用命令<a href="#常用命令" class="hash-link" aria-label="常用命令的直接链接" title="常用命令的直接链接"></a></h2>
<p>很简单的命令就不写了。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="ls">ls<a href="#ls" class="hash-link" aria-label="ls的直接链接" title="ls的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ls </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ls -a # 隐藏文件 </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ls -l # 显示完整信息，包括读写执行的权限等</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>通过<code>ls -l</code>可以看到完整的文件信息，如下：</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27776 Apr 17 2012 test.txt</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>其中<code>- rwx r-x r-x</code>由四部分组成：文件类型、拥有者权限、拥有者所属用户组权限、其他用户权限。</p>
<p>文件类型中，<code>-</code>表示普通文件，<code>d</code>表示目录，<code>l</code>表示软链接（硬链接无特殊标记）</p>
<p>权限包括<code>rwx</code>，即读、写、执行。可以使用数字来代表权限，读：4、写：2、执行：1。因此<code>r-x</code>对应着<code>5</code>。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="chmod">chmod<a href="#chmod" class="hash-link" aria-label="chmod的直接链接" title="chmod的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>通过<code>ls</code>可以看到一个文件的操作权限，而通过<code>chmod</code>可以修改文件的权限。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">chmod 777 text.txt</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>或者</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">chmod +x test.txt # 使其可执行</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="alias">alias<a href="#alias" class="hash-link" aria-label="alias的直接链接" title="alias的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于起命令的别名</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">alias ..='cd ..'</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="grep">grep<a href="#grep" class="hash-link" aria-label="grep的直 接链接" title="grep的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于字符串查找</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">grep 'content' test.txt</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">-e # 正则查找 </span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="管道">管道<a href="#管道" class="hash-link" aria-label="管道的直接链接" title="管道的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>管道用来实现进程之间的通信，具体来说就是把一个程序的输出作为另一个程序的输入</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cat test.txt | wc # 通过cat得到test.txt内容，把该内容作为wc命令的输入</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="sudo">sudo<a href="#sudo" class="hash-link" aria-label="sudo的直接链接" title="sudo的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>让普通用户临时具备<code>root</code>用户的权限</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">sudo ls</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="ssh">ssh<a href="#ssh" class="hash-link" aria-label="ssh的直接链接" title="ssh的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ssh user@host</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">-p # 指定端口号，默认是ssh的22端口号</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ssh host # 以root用户登录</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>另外，<code>~/.ssh/config</code>用于存储服务器相关的配置，如：</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># ssh config</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">#</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">#</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">host myserver</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> hostName 111.111.111.111</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> User root</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> port 2045</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>我们只需要使用<code>ssh myserver</code>即可快速连接服务器</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen<a href="#ssh-keygen" class="hash-link" aria-label="ssh-keygen的直接链接" title="ssh-keygen的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用来创建密钥，生成的密钥存放于<code>~/.ssh/</code>下</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ssh-keygen</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="whoami">whoami<a href="#whoami" class="hash-link" aria-label="whoami的直接链接" title="whoami的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">whoami # 输出我的名字</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="who">who<a href="#who" class="hash-link" aria-label="who的直接链接" title="who的直接链接"></a></h3>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">who # 输出当前主机所有登录用户的信息</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="useradd">useradd<a href="#useradd" class="hash-link" aria-label="useradd的直接链接" title="useradd的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>添加用户，<code>adduser</code>命令也行，但是二者略有差异</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">useradd akara</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="passwd">passwd<a href="#passwd" class="hash-link" aria-label="passwd的直接链接" title="passwd的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>修改用户密码</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">passwd akara</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="export">export<a href="#export" class="hash-link" aria-label="export的直接链接" title="export的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于我们在配置文件<code>/etc/profile</code>或<code>~/.bashrc</code>中使用<code>export</code>来设置环境变量。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># /etc/profile</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">export name="aka"</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="wc">wc<a href="#wc" class="hash-link" aria-label="wc的直接链接" title="wc的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于计算文件的字数、行数等信息</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">wc -l test.txt # 输出行数</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="man">man<a href="#man" class="hash-link" aria-label="man的直接链接" title="man的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于查询一个命令的使用方法</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">man ls</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="whereis">whereis<a href="#whereis" class="hash-link" aria-label="whereis的直接链接" title="whereis的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于查找文件，通常可以拿来查配置文件或可执行文件的位置</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">whereis profile</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># profile: /etc/profile.d /etc/profile</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="which">which<a href="#which" class="hash-link" aria-label="which的直接链接" title="which的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>也是用于查找文件，通常用来查可执行文件。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">which bash</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="ln">ln<a href="#ln" class="hash-link" aria-label="ln的直接链接" title="ln的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于创建链接，链接分为软链接（符号链接）和硬链接</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ln /bin/bash sh # 默认创建硬链接</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ln -s /bin/bash sh # 软链接</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p>软链接可以理解成windows中的快捷方式；硬链接可以看成一个文件拥有不同的路径。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="tar">tar<a href="#tar" class="hash-link" aria-label="tar的直接链接" title="tar的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>用于打包压缩文件。</p>
<p>我们会经常看到这样的文件：<code>*.tar.gz</code>、<code>*.tar.bz2</code>、<code>*.tar.xz</code>。这些都是通过<code>tar</code>打包而成的，后缀的不同是因为其所采用的压缩算法不同。</p>
<p>压缩比：<code>gz</code> < <code>bz2</code> < <code>xz</code></p>
<p>压缩速度：<code>gz</code> > <code>bz2</code> > <code>xz</code></p>
<p><strong>压缩文件：</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># 多种方式</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">tar -zcvf filename.tar.gz FILES # z表示gz</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">tar -jcvf filename.tar.bz2 FILES # j表示bz2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">tar -Jcvf filename.tar.xz FILES # J表示xz</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>解压缩文件：</strong></p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">tar -vx -f filename</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># or</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">tar -vxf filename</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="crontab">crontab<a href="#crontab" class="hash-link" aria-label="crontab的直接链接" title="crontab的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>定时任务。</p>
<div class="language-shell codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_QJqH"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-shell codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">crontab -l # 查看定时任务</span><br></span></code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="clear">clear<a href="#clear" class="hash-link" aria-label="clear的直接链接" title="clear的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>清空输出</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="常见配置文件">常见配置文件<a href="#常见配置文件" class="hash-link" aria-label="常见配置文件的直接链接" title="常见配置文件的直接链接"></a></h2>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="核心配置">核心配置<a href="#核心配置" class="hash-link" aria-label="核心配置的直接链接" title="核心配置的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p><code>/etc/profile</code>： 系统级配置</p>
<p><code>~/.bashrc</code>：用户级配置</p>
<p>当我们更改配置后，通过<code>source ~/.bashrc</code>使其生效</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="用户信息">用户信息<a href="#用户信息" class="hash-link" aria-label="用户信息的直接链接" title="用户信息的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p><code>/etc/passwd</code>：用户信息（用户ID，组ID等）</p>
<p><code>/etc/group</code>: 用户组信息</p>
<p><code>/etc/shadow</code>: 用户密码（密文报错）</p>
<p><code>/etc/sudoers</code>：用户的<code>sudo</code>权限</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="ssh-1">ssh<a href="#ssh-1" class="hash-link" aria-label="ssh的直接链接" title="ssh的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p>个人的<code>ssh</code>相关文件在<code>~/.ssh</code>下，包括个人的私钥、公钥、SSH配置文件<code>config</code>、<code>authorized_keys</code>、<code>known_hosts</code>。</p>
<p>通常我们在服务器的<code>authorized_keys</code>存放我们自己电脑的公钥，之后就无需使用密码来连接服务器了。</p>
<p>在我们成功连接服务器后，我们电脑的<code>known_hosts</code>文件也会记录下服务器的公钥。</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="其他">其他<a href="#其他" class="hash-link" aria-label="其他的直接链接" title="其他的直接链接"></a></h3>
<p><code>~/.bash_history</code>：记录历史命令行</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/miusing/blog/tree/master/docs/linux.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>编辑此页</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="docusaurus-mt-lg pagination-nav" aria-label="文件选项卡"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/mysql"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">上一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Mysql</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docker"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">下一页</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Docker</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#快捷键" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">快捷键</a></li><li><a href="#vim快捷键" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">VIM快捷键</a></li><li><a href="#shell" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Shell</a><ul><li><a href="#变量" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">变量</a></li><li><a href="#传递参数" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">传递参数</a></li><li><a href="#运算符" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">运算符</a></li><li><a href="#输出重定向" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">输出重定向</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#常用命令" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">常用命令</a><ul><li><a href="#ls" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ls</a></li><li><a href="#chmod" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">chmod</a></li><li><a href="#alias" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">alias</a></li><li><a href="#grep" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">grep</a></li><li><a href="#管道" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">管道</a></li><li><a href="#sudo" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">sudo</a></li><li><a href="#ssh" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ssh</a></li><li><a href="#ssh-keygen" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ssh-keygen</a></li><li><a href="#whoami" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">whoami</a></li><li><a href="#who" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">who</a></li><li><a href="#useradd" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">useradd</a></li><li><a href="#passwd" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">passwd</a></li><li><a href="#export" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">export</a></li><li><a href="#wc" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">wc</a></li><li><a href="#man" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">man</a></li><li><a href="#whereis" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">whereis</a></li><li><a href="#which" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">which</a></li><li><a href="#ln" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ln</a></li><li><a href="#tar" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">tar</a></li><li><a href="#crontab" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">crontab</a></li><li><a href="#clear" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">clear</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#常见配置文件" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">常见配置文件</a><ul><li><a href="#核心配置" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">核心配置</a></li><li><a href="#用户信息" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">用户信息</a></li><li><a href="#ssh-1" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">ssh</a></li><li><a href="#其他" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">其他</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div></div>
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