@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/plugin-security': patch
+---
+
+The delegated-admin gate now counts a `sys_user_position` holding only where the runtime grants it. Self-delegation's "you currently hold this position" check (ADR-0091 D3 rule 4) no longer accepts a holding stamped for a different organization — a user can no longer self-delegate a position in an organization where they hold nothing just because they hold a same-named position elsewhere. Organization-less holdings still count, exactly as the runtime authz resolver grants them in every organization. The binding blast-radius check (ADR-0090 D12) likewise counts only the assignments the bound position row reaches — its own organization's plus organization-less ones — so another organization's same-named assignments no longer refuse a binding as outside the subtree or push it over the assignment cap. An organization-less (`single` posture) caller is unchanged.
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * The delegated-admin gate counts a `sys_user_position` holding only where the
+ * runtime would grant it — pinned over a real engine, one witness per read.
+ *
+ * ## The defect this exists to keep closed
+ *
+ * `sys_user_position.position` is a position NAME, and `sys_position.name` is
+ * unique per organization only, so in a single-database multi-org posture
+ * (ADR-0105 D1 `group` / `isolated`) two organizations' holdings of the same
+ * name are the same string. Two gate reads selected holdings by that name under
+ * a bare `{ isSystem: true }` context with no organization condition:
+ *
+ *   - `activeHoldings` — does the delegator CURRENTLY and DIRECTLY hold the
+ *     position (ADR-0091 D3 rule 4)? A holding stamped for ANOTHER
+ *     organization answered yes, so a user self-delegated a position in an
+ *     organization where they held nothing.
+ *   - `assignmentAnchorsOfPosition` — whose capability does re-binding the
+ *     position re-compose (the ADR-0090 D12 blast radius)? Another
+ *     organization's same-named assignments entered it, so a delegate was
+ *     refused over holders their binding never reaches.
+ *
+ * ## The rule both reads now follow — the runtime's own
+ *
+ * `resolveAuthzContext` (step 4, `@objectstack/core`) keeps a holding when its
+ * `organization_id` is empty OR equals the active organization, and drops it
+ * when it names a DIFFERENT one. The gate agrees: a holding stamped for another
+ * organization never counts; an organization-less holding counts in every
+ * organization, exactly as it grants in every organization. An
+ * organization-less caller (`single` posture) drops nothing, as before.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { ObjectQL } from '@objectstack/objectql';
+import { SqlDriver } from '@objectstack/driver-sql';
+import type { PermissionSet } from '@objectstack/spec/security';
+import { DelegatedAdminGate } from './delegated-admin-gate.js';
+
+const ORG_A = 'org_a_acme';
+/** Sorts BEFORE every `org_a` / `*_a_*` id, like the sibling suites. */
+const ORG_B = 'org_0_globex';
+
+const text = (name: string) => ({ name, type: 'text' as const });
+const object = (name: string, fields: string[]) => ({
+  name,
+  label: name,
+  fields: {
+    id: { name: 'id', type: 'text' as const, primaryKey: true },
+    organization_id: text('organization_id'),
+    ...Object.fromEntries(fields.map((f) => [f, text(f)])),
+  },
+});
+
+const OBJECTS = [
+  object('sys_business_unit', ['name', 'parent_business_unit_id']),
+  object('sys_position', ['name', 'delegatable']),
+  object('sys_permission_set', ['name', 'admin_scope']),
+  object('sys_position_permission_set', ['position_id', 'permission_set_id']),
+  object('sys_user_position', [
+    'user_id', 'position', 'business_unit_id', 'granted_by', 'delegated_from', 'valid_until', 'reason',
+  ]),
+  object('sys_business_unit_member', ['user_id', 'business_unit_id']),
+  object('sys_user', ['primary_business_unit_id']),
+];
+
+/** A binding delegate's scope: the unit NAMED `sales`, may bind `sales_user` only. */
+const BIND_SCOPE = {
+  businessUnit: 'sales',
+  includeSubtree: true,
+  manageAssignments: false,
+  manageBindings: true,
+  authorEnvironmentSets: false,
+  assignablePermissionSets: ['sales_user'],
+};
+
+const BINDER_SETS = [
+  {
+    name: 'sales_binder',
+    objects: { sys_position_permission_set: { allowRead: true, allowCreate: true, allowEdit: true, allowDelete: true } },
+    adminScope: BIND_SCOPE,
+  },
+] as unknown as PermissionSet[];
+
+const engines: ObjectQL[] = [];
+afterEach(async () => {
+  while (engines.length) {
+    try { await engines.pop()?.destroy(); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  }
+});
+
+const sysCtx = (organizationId?: string) =>
+  organizationId ? { isSystem: true, tenantId: organizationId } : { isSystem: true };
+
+async function bootEngine() {
+  const engine = new ObjectQL();
+  engine.registerDriver(
+    new SqlDriver({ client: 'better-sqlite3', connection: { filename: ':memory:' }, useNullAsDefault: true }),
+    true,
+  );
+  await engine.init();
+  engine.registerApp({
+    id: 'com.objectstack.qa.delegated-admin-holding-organization',
+    name: 'Delegated admin holding organization scope',
+    version: '1.0.0',
+    type: 'plugin',
+    scope: 'system',
+    objects: OBJECTS,
+  } as any);
+  await engine.syncSchemas();
+  engines.push(engine);
+  return engine;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One organization's slice: a unit named `sales` with one child, a delegatable
+ * `field_lead` position, and a plain `sales_user` permission set. No holdings —
+ * each witness writes exactly the holdings it is about.
+ */
+async function seedOrganization(engine: ObjectQL, organizationId: string, idPrefix: string) {
+  const ctx = sysCtx(organizationId);
+  const ids = {
+    sales: `bu_${idPrefix}_sales`,
+    salesEast: `bu_${idPrefix}_sales_east`,
+    fieldLead: `pos_${idPrefix}_field_lead`,
+    salesUser: `ps_${idPrefix}_sales_user`,
+  };
+  await engine.insert('sys_business_unit', [
+    { id: ids.sales, name: 'sales', parent_business_unit_id: null },
+    { id: ids.salesEast, name: 'sales_east', parent_business_unit_id: ids.sales },
+  ], { context: ctx } as any);
+  await engine.insert('sys_position', [
+    { id: ids.fieldLead, name: 'field_lead', delegatable: '1' },
+  ], { context: ctx } as any);
+  await engine.insert('sys_permission_set', [
+    { id: ids.salesUser, name: 'sales_user', admin_scope: null },
+  ], { context: ctx } as any);
+  return ids;
+}
+
+/** Write holdings of `field_lead`, stamped for `organizationId` (undefined = organization-less). */
+async function hold(
+  engine: ObjectQL,
+  organizationId: string | undefined,
+  rows: Array<{ id: string; user_id: string; business_unit_id?: string | null; delegated_from?: string }>,
+) {
+  // Chunked: SQLite caps one compound INSERT … SELECT at 500 terms.
+  for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i += 100) {
+    await engine.insert('sys_user_position', rows.slice(i, i + 100).map((r) => ({
+      position: 'field_lead',
+      business_unit_id: null,
+      ...r,
+    })), { context: sysCtx(organizationId) } as any);
+  }
+}
+
+function gateOn(engine: ObjectQL) {
+  return new DelegatedAdminGate({
+    ql: engine,
+    resolveSets: async (context: any) => (context?.principal === 'binder' ? BINDER_SETS : []),
+  });
+}
+
+const DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const USER = 'usr_u';
+const COLLEAGUE = 'usr_colleague';
+
+/** USER self-delegates `field_lead` to a colleague, in `organizationId` (undefined = `single` posture). */
+const selfDelegate = (gate: DelegatedAdminGate, organizationId: string | undefined, businessUnitId?: string) =>
+  gate.assert({
+    object: 'sys_user_position',
+    operation: 'insert',
+    data: {
+      user_id: COLLEAGUE,
+      position: 'field_lead',
+      delegated_from: USER,
+      valid_until: new Date(Date.now() + 7 * DAY).toISOString(),
+      reason: 'annual leave',
+      ...(businessUnitId ? { business_unit_id: businessUnitId } : {}),
+    },
+    context: organizationId
+      ? { principal: 'holder', userId: USER, tenantId: organizationId }
+      : { principal: 'holder', userId: USER },
+  });
+
+/** A binding delegate in `organizationId` binds `sales_user` to the position row `positionId`. */
+const bind = (gate: DelegatedAdminGate, organizationId: string, positionId: string, permissionSetId: string) =>
+  gate.assert({
+    object: 'sys_position_permission_set',
+    operation: 'insert',
+    data: { position_id: positionId, permission_set_id: permissionSetId },
+    context: { principal: 'binder', userId: 'usr_binder', tenantId: organizationId },
+  });
+
+/** A gate refusal: the ADR-0112 envelope, then the first sentence that names why. */
+async function expectRefused(p: Promise<unknown>, why: RegExp) {
+  const err: any = await p.then(() => null, (e) => e);
+  expect(err, 'expected a refusal').not.toBeNull();
+  expect(err).toMatchObject({ code: 'PERMISSION_DENIED', statusCode: 403 });
+  expect(String(err.message)).toMatch(why);
+}
+
+// ── activeHoldings — self-delegation rule 4 ───────────────────────────────
+
+describe('DelegatedAdminGate — rule 4 counts only holdings the caller\'s organization grants', () => {
+  it('ground truth: the organization-less holding is stored with no organization', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: USER }]);
+    await hold(engine, undefined, [{ id: 'up_none', user_id: USER }]);
+
+    const driver: any = (engine as any).getDriver('sys_user_position');
+    const raw = await driver.knex('sys_user_position').where({ position: 'field_lead' }).orderBy('id', 'asc');
+    expect(raw.map((r: any) => [r.id, r.organization_id ?? null])).toEqual([['up_b', ORG_B], ['up_none', null]]);
+  });
+
+  it('a user whose ONLY holding is in org B cannot self-delegate org A\'s same-named position', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: USER }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A), /you do not currently hold 'field_lead'/);
+    // …and in org B, where the holding lives, it stands.
+    await expect(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_B)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('a user holding it in org A can self-delegate it in org A', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: USER }]);
+
+    await expect(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('an organization-less holding counts in org A — the runtime grants it in every organization', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, undefined, [{ id: 'up_none', user_id: USER }]);
+
+    await expect(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('a DIRECT holding in org B does not make org A\'s delegated holding re-delegatable', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: USER }]);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: USER, delegated_from: 'usr_boss' }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(
+      selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A),
+      /you hold 'field_lead' only via delegation — a delegated grant is not re-delegatable/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('rule 4b: an org B holding\'s anchor does not widen what an org A delegation may hand out', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    const b = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: USER, business_unit_id: b.sales }]);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: USER, business_unit_id: a.salesEast }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(
+      selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, b.salesEast),
+      /business unit anchor 'bu_0_sales_east' is outside your own effective anchor for 'field_lead'/,
+    );
+    await expect(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, a.salesEast)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('a `single`-posture caller (no organization in context) keeps counting every holding', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: USER }]);
+
+    await expect(selfDelegate(gateOn(engine), undefined)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+// ── assignmentAnchorsOfPosition — the binding blast radius ────────────────
+
+describe('DelegatedAdminGate — a binding\'s blast radius is the holders the bound position reaches', () => {
+  it('org B\'s same-named assignments do not refuse org A\'s binding (outside-subtree anchor)', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    const b = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: 'usr_a1', business_unit_id: a.salesEast }]);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: 'usr_b1', business_unit_id: b.salesEast }]);
+
+    await expect(bind(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, a.fieldLead, a.salesUser)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('org B\'s same-named assignments do not push org A\'s binding over the blast-radius cap', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    const b = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: 'usr_a1', business_unit_id: a.salesEast }]);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, Array.from({ length: 501 }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: `up_b_${String(i).padStart(3, '0')}`,
+      user_id: `usr_b_${i}`,
+      business_unit_id: b.salesEast,
+    })));
+
+    await expect(bind(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, a.fieldLead, a.salesUser)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('an organization-less holding IS in org A\'s blast radius — the runtime grants it org A\'s binding', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: 'usr_a1', business_unit_id: a.salesEast }]);
+    await hold(engine, undefined, [{ id: 'up_none', user_id: 'usr_x' }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(
+      bind(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, a.fieldLead, a.salesUser),
+      /position 'field_lead' has 1 unanchored assignment\(s\)/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('the radius follows the BOUND row\'s organization — org B\'s holders still guard org B\'s row', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    const b = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_B, '0');
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: 'usr_a1', business_unit_id: a.salesEast }]);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_B, [{ id: 'up_b', user_id: 'usr_b1', business_unit_id: b.salesEast }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(
+      bind(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, b.fieldLead, a.salesUser),
+      /position 'field_lead' is held in business unit 'bu_0_sales_east', outside the delegated subtree/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('control (dark) — org A\'s own holder outside the subtree still refuses', async () => {
+    const engine = await bootEngine();
+    const a = await seedOrganization(engine, ORG_A, 'a');
+    await engine.insert('sys_business_unit', [
+      { id: 'bu_a_ops', name: 'ops', parent_business_unit_id: null },
+    ], { context: sysCtx(ORG_A) } as any);
+    await hold(engine, ORG_A, [{ id: 'up_a', user_id: 'usr_a1', business_unit_id: 'bu_a_ops' }]);
+
+    await expectRefused(
+      bind(gateOn(engine), ORG_A, a.fieldLead, a.salesUser),
+      /position 'field_lead' is held in business unit 'bu_a_ops', outside the delegated subtree/,
+    );
+  });
+});
-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ @@
 +---
 +'@objectstack/plugin-security': patch
 +---
++
 +The delegated-admin gate now counts a `sys_user_position` holding only where the runtime grants it. Self-delegation's "you currently hold this position" check (ADR-0091 D3 rule 4) no longer accepts a holding stamped for a different organization — a user can no longer self-delegate a position in an organization where they hold nothing just because they hold a same-named position elsewhere. Organization-less holdings still count, exactly as the runtime authz resolver grants them in every organization. The binding blast-radius check (ADR-0090 D12) likewise counts only the assignments the bound position row reaches — its own organization's plus organization-less ones — so another organization's same-named assignments no longer refuse a binding as outside the subtree or push it over the assignment cap. An organization-less (`single` posture) caller is unchanged.