@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ file: + syncUrl (unchanged)                  -> 1 row back, 1 row after restart
 
 With the driver building its own client and the default `sync.onConnect`, two of these did fail at `connect()`, but on a libsql error that did not say why: `libsql://` + `syncUrl` with `SYNC_NOT_SUPPORTED`, and `:memory:` + `syncUrl` with `URL_INVALID`.
 
-**BREAKING** accept-set narrowing on a published driver option, shipped as `minor` under the repo's launch-window convention for breaking changes (`scripts/check-changeset-no-major.mjs`). **The constructor now refuses configurations it accepted before**, at `new TursoDriver()`, ahead of the Knex base and of any client, with the ADR-0112 envelope `code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR'`, `status: 400`. A remote url here means one of the lowercase schemes `TursoDriver.detectMode` classifies as remote: `libsql://`, `https://`, `http://`, `wss://`, `ws://`. Refused:
+**BREAKING** accept-set narrowing on a published driver option, shipped as `minor` under the repo's launch-window convention for breaking changes (`scripts/check-changeset-no-major.mjs`). **The constructor now refuses configurations it accepted before**, at `new TursoDriver()`, ahead of the Knex base and of any client, with the ADR-0112 envelope `code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR'`, `status: 400`. A remote url here means one of the schemes `TursoDriver.detectMode` classifies as remote: `libsql://`, `https://`, `http://`, `wss://`, `ws://`. The #19976 entry in this same version matches them in any letter case, so an uppercase `LIBSQL://` is a remote url too. Refused:
 
 - a remote url beside `syncUrl`;
 - a remote url under a forced `mode: 'replica'` or `mode: 'local'`;
 - a replica on a url `@libsql/client` reads as in-memory (`:memory:`, or `file::memory:` with or without a query string), beside `syncUrl` or under a forced `mode: 'replica'`. `@libsql/client` refuses such an embedded replica itself. For `:memory:` and a bare `file::memory:` the local engine was a private in-memory database. With a query string it was a file literally named after the url's path (for example `:memory:?cache=shared`) in the working directory, which no sync reaches;
-- under a forced `mode: 'replica'` only, any `url` that is not a local `file:` path, such as a bare path or an uppercase scheme.
+- under a forced `mode: 'replica'`, a `url` that is none of `:memory:`, a `file:` url or a remote url, such as a bare path or an unsupported scheme. The #19976 entry in this same version refuses such a url in every local or replica mode, and matches the `file:` scheme in any letter case: an uppercase `FILE:` url naming a file is a `file:` url and is not refused, and the replica runs on that file (`FILE::memory:` is refused as in-memory, like `file::memory:`).
 
 The remote-url refusal names the scheme it met. Neither refusal echoes the url, which may carry a token. Both loaders (`@objectstack/runtime`'s host factory and the datasource factory) reach this refusal through the same constructor, so a datasource declaring one of these configurations now fails by name when its loader builds the driver.
 
 **What stays accepted**, pinned by preservation tests: a `file:` url with `syncUrl` (the embedded replica), a `file:` or `:memory:` local database, a remote url on its own or with `mode: 'remote'`. `TursoDriver.detectMode()` still classifies a remote url beside `syncUrl` as `'replica'`: the refusal sits in the constructor, not in a re-classification.
 
-**Not refused, unchanged here:** a url with no `mode` that is none of `file:`, `:memory:` or a lowercase remote scheme, such as an uppercase `LIBSQL://` or a bare path like `./data/app.db`, still auto-detects `'local'` and still runs on `:memory:`, with or without `syncUrl`. So does the same url under a forced `mode: 'local'`. That fall-through is tracked as #19976.
+**Not refused by this change:** a url with no `mode` that is none of a lowercase `file:` url, `:memory:` or a lowercase remote scheme, such as an uppercase `LIBSQL://`, an uppercase `FILE:` url or a bare path like `./data/app.db`, auto-detected `'local'` with or without `syncUrl`, and the local engine was handed `:memory:`. Under a forced `mode: 'local'` the same url got the same `:memory:` engine. The #19976 entry in this same version removes that fall-through: it matches every scheme in any letter case, so an uppercase remote url is a remote url and an uppercase `FILE:` url is a `file:` url, and it refuses every other url in a local or replica mode. No configuration runs on an in-memory database it did not name.
 
 **What an affected author does.** Each refusal names its ways out. For a remote url in a local or replica mode:
 
 
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/driver-turso': minor
+---
+
+fix(driver-turso)!: a url scheme matches in any letter case, and a url the driver cannot open is refused instead of running on a private in-memory database
+
+Clause-②: no (narrowing)
+
+`TursoDriver.detectMode` matched `file:` and the five remote schemes case-sensitively, and answered `'local'` for any other url with no `mode`. The local engine can open only a `file:` path or `:memory:`, so for everything else it was handed `:memory:`: writes succeeded and read back, then vanished on restart. `@libsql/client` reads a scheme in any letter case (`@libsql/core@0.17.4` routes on `uri.scheme.toLowerCase()`), so an uppercase `LIBSQL://` url that the client routes to the remote database ran on that local `:memory:` engine instead. `@objectstack/cli` and `@objectstack/runtime` select this driver for an `OS_DATABASE_URL` matching `libsql://` in any letter case and hand it the url as written, so an uppercase `OS_DATABASE_URL` reached that engine too. Measured before the change, with `initObjects`, `create`, `find`, then a fresh driver on the same config:
+
+```
+LIBSQL://… (no mode)                -> local, 1 row back, 0 rows after restart
+FILE:<path> (no mode)               -> local, 1 row back, 0 rows after restart, file never created
+./<dir>/app.db (no mode)            -> local, 1 row back, 0 rows after restart, file never created
+<tmp>/app.db (no mode)              -> local, 1 row back, 0 rows after restart, file never created
+./<dir>/app.db + mode: 'local'      -> local, 1 row back, 0 rows after restart, file never created
+file:<path> (unchanged)             -> local, 1 row back, 1 row after restart
+```
+
+**The scheme now matches in any letter case**, as it does in `@libsql/client`, in `detectMode` and in every constructor check. `LIBSQL://`, `HTTPS://`, `Http://`, `WSS://` or `Ws://` with no `mode` is remote. `FILE:<path>` is a local file, and an embedded replica beside `syncUrl`. The url itself is passed to the client as written.
+
+**BREAKING** accept-set narrowing on a published driver option, shipped as `minor` under the repo's launch-window convention for breaking changes (`scripts/check-changeset-no-major.mjs`). **The constructor now refuses configurations it accepted before**, at `new TursoDriver()`, ahead of the Knex base and of any client, with the ADR-0112 envelope `code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR'`, `status: 400`. Refused:
+
+- in a local or replica mode, a `url` that is none of `:memory:`, a `file:` url or a remote url (`libsql://`, `https://`, `http://`, `wss://`, `ws://`, in any letter case). That is a bare path (`./data/app.db`, `data/app.db`, `/var/lib/app.db`, `C:\data\app.db`), an unsupported scheme (`sqlite:`, `memory://`), `:MEMORY:`, a remote scheme with no `//`, a url behind leading whitespace, and an empty url. Newly refused with no `mode` (with or without `syncUrl`) and under a forced `mode: 'local'`. Under a forced `mode: 'replica'` it was already refused, and the refusal now names the `file:` spelling for the replica. `@libsql/client@0.17.4` refuses each of these urls itself, as `URL_INVALID` or `URL_SCHEME_NOT_SUPPORTED`;
+- an uppercase remote url beside `syncUrl` (no `mode`), or under a forced `mode: 'local'`. Both constructed on the private `:memory:` engine before, and both now meet the refusal their lowercase spelling already met. Under a forced `mode: 'replica'` it was already refused, now with that same remote-url refusal;
+- an uppercase `WSS://` or `WS://` url with a non-zero `timeout`, no `mode` and no `syncUrl`. It is now detected as remote, so the existing refusal of a `timeout` on the WebSocket transport reaches it;
+- `FILE::memory:` beside `syncUrl` (no `mode`), refused as an in-memory replica exactly like `file::memory:`. Under a forced `mode: 'replica'` it was already refused.
+
+The unrecognised-url refusal names the `file:` spelling (`url: 'file:./data/app.db'`, or `url: 'file:./data/replica.db'` beside `syncUrl`) and never echoes the url, which may carry a token. `TursoDriver.detectMode()` now answers `'replica'` for such a url beside `syncUrl` (it answered `'local'`), which is what the declaration asks for. The refusal sits in the constructor, not in a re-classification.
+
+**Newly accepted:** an uppercase or mixed-case `FILE:` url naming a file, under a forced `mode: 'replica'`, with or without `syncUrl`. The #19893 change refused it, because under a forced `mode: 'replica'` it refused every url that did not start with a lowercase `file:`. With this change it is a `file:` url: the replica runs on that file, and its rows survive a restart (pinned). It is the one configuration the #19893 change refused that this change accepts.
+
+**What stays accepted**, pinned by preservation tests: a lowercase `file:` url, alone or with `syncUrl`; `:memory:` as a local database; a lowercase remote url on its own or with `mode: 'remote'`. A forced `mode: 'remote'` runs no local engine, so this change does not judge its url: a bare path there still constructs, and `@libsql/client` refuses it at `connect()` as `URL_INVALID`.
+
+**What an affected author does.** A local database file needs the `file:` prefix: `url: 'file:./data/app.db'`. For a throwaway in-memory database, `url: ':memory:'`. An uppercase remote url with no `mode` and no `syncUrl` now reaches the remote database and needs no change. Beside `syncUrl` or under a forced local or replica mode it is refused with the same ways out as the lowercase spelling.
+
+The #19893 entry in this same version (the constructor refusal of a remote url in a local or replica mode) describes this fall-through as not refused by that change, and names this entry as the one that removes it.
+
+Blast radius, measured on this tree: no example, template, hand-written doc, published skill or factory default, and no test fixture outside this package's own tests, spells a turso url with an uppercase scheme or as a bare path. Neither host url sniffer selects this driver for a bare path (both select it only for `libsql://` or an `http(s)://` url naming a `.turso.` host); only an explicit `OS_DATABASE_DRIVER=turso` or a datasource declaring `driver: 'turso'` hands it one. Whether any out-of-repo deployment declares such a url is NOT measured and is not claimed to be zero.
+
+<!-- adr-0087: not-required (no-migration-prescription) An accept-set narrowing performed at the driver constructor, together with a case-insensitive reading of the url scheme: no key, spec symbol, Zod schema, object definition or stored representation is added, removed or renamed — `TursoDriverConfig.url`, `syncUrl` and `mode` keep their names and types, and both `TursoConfigSchema` copies are untouched. What moves is which CONFIGURATIONS `new TursoDriver()` accepts and how it classifies an uppercase scheme, so `objectstack migrate meta` has nothing to visit and there is no tombstone to mint. The refusal names the `file:` spelling, and whether an author meant a local file, a replica or a remote database is authoring intent no ledger line can decide. -->
@@ -130,24 +130,33 @@ Transport mode is automatically detected from the URL:
 | `libsql://...` | `remote` | @libsql/client only |
 | `https://...` | `remote` | @libsql/client only |
 
+`http://`, `wss://` and `ws://` are remote too. A scheme matches in any letter
+case, as it does in `@libsql/client`: `LIBSQL://...` is remote and `FILE:...` is
+a local file. A path to a local database file needs the `file:` prefix. A bare
+path such as `./data/app.db` is not a url, and `@libsql/client` refuses it too.
+
 An embedded replica is a local **file** kept in sync with a remote. The local and
 replica modes run every read and write through the local SQLite engine, which
-cannot open a remote url, and a replica needs a file for the sync to land in.
-The constructor therefore refuses (`VALIDATION_ERROR` / 400):
-
-- a remote url (the lowercase `libsql://`, `https://`, `http://`, `wss://`,
-  `ws://` that auto-detection matches) beside `syncUrl`, or under a forced
-  `mode: 'local'` / `'replica'`;
+can open only a `file:` url or `:memory:`, and a replica needs a file for the
+sync to land in. The constructor therefore refuses (`VALIDATION_ERROR` / 400):
+
+- in a local or replica mode (auto-detected, with or without `syncUrl`, or
+  forced), a `url` that is none of `file:`, `:memory:` or a remote url, such as
+  a bare path or an unsupported scheme. The fix for a local database file is
+  `url: 'file:./data/app.db'`;
+- a remote url (`libsql://`, `https://`, `http://`, `wss://`, `ws://`, in any
+  letter case) beside `syncUrl`, or under a forced `mode: 'local'` / `'replica'`;
 - a replica on an in-memory url (`:memory:`, `file::memory:`). That covers a
   replica auto-detected from a `:memory:` or `file:` url beside `syncUrl`, and
-  one forced with `mode: 'replica'`;
-- under a forced `mode: 'replica'`, any `url` that is not a local `file:` path.
+  one forced with `mode: 'replica'`.
 
 In each case the engine would otherwise run on a private in-memory database
 whose writes read back and then vanish on restart, and `@libsql/client` builds
 no embedded replica for a remote url anyway. For a remote database, drop
 `syncUrl` and any forced `mode`. For an embedded replica, use
-`url: 'file:./data/replica.db'` beside `syncUrl`.
+`url: 'file:./data/replica.db'` beside `syncUrl`. A forced `mode: 'remote'` runs
+no local engine, so its url is not judged here: `@libsql/client` refuses a
+url it cannot open when the driver connects.
 
 You can also force a specific mode:
 
@@ -216,6 +225,9 @@ interface TursoDriverConfig {
    * - :memory: → local mode (ephemeral)
    * - libsql://my-db.turso.io → remote mode
    * - https://my-db.turso.io → remote mode
+   * Schemes match in any letter case. In a local or replica mode any other
+   * url (a bare path, an unsupported scheme) is refused at construction
+   * (VALIDATION_ERROR / 400): spell a local file as file:./data/app.db.
    */
   url: string;