@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+"@objectstack/plugin-approvals": patch
+"@objectstack/plugin-security": patch
+---
+
+fix: the approval request actions' success toasts name the request, and Explain access names the principal as a person
+
+Clause-②: no
+
+Server-authored strings that the console renders verbatim now name what and who they are about.
+
+- `@objectstack/plugin-approvals`: every action on `sys_approval_request` had a bare-verb `successMessage` (`Approved.`, `Rejected.`, `Reassigned.` and so on). Each now names the request through `${result.request.record_title}`. Each action's route answers `{ request, … }` with the read-back request and its display enrichment, so `record_title` is the title the inbox shows: the target record's display field, else its payload snapshot. The new copies:
+  - Approve and Reject use the inbox row's inline wording: `Approved "TITLE"` and `Rejected "TITLE"`.
+  - The others read `Reassigned "TITLE"`, `Sent "TITLE" back for revision`, `Information requested on "TITLE"`, `Reminder sent for "TITLE"`, `Recalled "TITLE"`, `Resubmitted "TITLE"` and `Reply posted on "TITLE"`.
+
+  The zh-CN, ja-JP and es-ES values of the same keys carry the same token. No key, route or response shape changes.
+- `@objectstack/plugin-security`: the explain engine's principal layer said `Principal USER_ID holds position(s) …`. It now names the person first and the id second, for example `Principal Ada Lovelace (ada@example.com; id usr_1) holds position(s) …`. Three other users in the same layer are named the same way:
+  - an on-behalf-of delegator;
+  - the user an ADR-0091 D3 delegated position came from, in the clause;
+  - that same user in the position's contributor attribution (`delegation from …`).
+
+  Each user row is read with the asker's own context, so row-level and field-level security apply. An asker whose read returns no row gets the bare id, as before, and a field its read masks is left out. As a result, two askers can now be shown different names for the same user. The decision's `principal` object and every verdict are unchanged.
@@ -1288,6 +1288,132 @@ describe('ApprovalService (node era)', () => {
     expect(rows[0].record_title).toBe('Snapshot Title');
   });
 
+  // [#23157] Every request action is `type: 'api'` against a route that
+  // answers its service method's result verbatim, and each of those results
+  // carries `request`, the read-back row with its display enrichment. Each
+  // action's success copy interpolates `${result.*}` over that answer (the
+  // scope `ActionSchema.successMessage` declares), so the toast names the
+  // request only while the answer carries the title the copy reads.
+  describe('each request action\'s success copy, filled from its route\'s answer', () => {
+    const copyOf = (name: string): string =>
+      ((SysApprovalRequest as any).actions as any[]).find((a) => a.name === name).successMessage;
+    /** The copy's `${result.<path>}` tokens, each filled from the answer; an unresolved path reads as ''. */
+    const fill = (copy: string, result: unknown): { text: string; unresolved: string[] } => {
+      const unresolved: string[] = [];
+      const text = copy.replace(/\$\{result\.([\w.]+)\}/g, (_m, path: string) => {
+        const v = path.split('.').reduce<any>((acc, k) => (acc == null ? undefined : acc[k]), result);
+        if (v == null || String(v) === '') unresolved.push(path);
+        return v == null ? '' : String(v);
+      });
+      return { text, unresolved };
+    };
+    const named = (action: string, answer: unknown): string => {
+      const { text, unresolved } = fill(copyOf(action), answer);
+      expect(unresolved, `${action}: every token resolves on the answer`).toEqual([]);
+      return text;
+    };
+    /** The id of the request an ordinary open answers (never an auto-outcome in these cells). */
+    const openRequestId = async (...args: Parameters<ApprovalService['openNodeRequest']>): Promise<string> =>
+      ((await svc.openNodeRequest(...args)) as { id: string }).id;
+    /** A flow whose approval node declares the `revise` out-edge send-back needs (#3823). */
+    const REVISE_FLOW = {
+      name: 'deal_approval',
+      nodes: [
+        { id: 'approve_step', type: 'approval' },
+        { id: 'wait_revision', type: APPROVAL_REVISE_NODE_TYPE },
+      ],
+      edges: [{ id: 'e_rev', source: 'approve_step', target: 'wait_revision', label: 'revise' }],
+    };
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      engine._tables['opportunity'] = [{ id: 'opp1', name: 'Acme Renewal', amount: 100 }];
+      svc.attachAutomation({
+        async resume() { /* resumed */ },
+        async cancelRun() { /* handed back */ },
+        async getFlow() { return REVISE_FLOW; },
+      } as any);
+    });
+
+    it('reads the answer: every action\'s copy carries a `${result.*}` token', () => {
+      for (const a of (SysApprovalRequest as any).actions as any[]) {
+        expect(a.successMessage, `${a.name}.successMessage`).toMatch(/\$\{result\.[\w.]+\}/);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('approve, finalizing: the toast names the record, the way the inbox row\'s inline Approve does', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.decide(id, { decision: 'approve', actorId: 'u9' }, SYS);
+      expect(out.finalized).toBe(true);
+      expect(named('approval_approve', out)).toBe('Approved "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('approve, leaving the step waiting on others: still names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u1', 'u2'], {}, { behavior: 'unanimous' }), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.decide(id, { decision: 'approve', actorId: 'u1' }, SYS);
+      expect(out.finalized).toBe(false);
+      expect(named('approval_approve', out)).toBe('Approved "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('approve, on a record whose row is gone: named from the payload snapshot, as the inbox names it', async () => {
+      engine._tables['opportunity'] = [];
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9'], { record: { id: 'opp1', name: 'Snapshot Title', amount: 1 } }), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.decide(id, { decision: 'approve', actorId: 'u9' }, SYS);
+      expect(named('approval_approve', out)).toBe('Approved "Snapshot Title"');
+    });
+
+    it('reject: names the record, the way the inbox row\'s inline Reject does', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.decide(id, { decision: 'reject', actorId: 'u9' }, SYS);
+      expect(out.request.status).toBe('rejected');
+      expect(named('approval_reject', out)).toBe('Rejected "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('reassign: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.reassign(id, { actorId: 'u9', to: 'u7' }, asUser('u9'));
+      expect(named('approval_reassign', out)).toBe('Reassigned "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('send back for revision: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.sendBack(id, { actorId: 'u9', comment: 'split the lines' }, asUser('u9'));
+      expect(out.request.status).toBe('returned');
+      expect(named('approval_send_back', out)).toBe('Sent "Acme Renewal" back for revision');
+    });
+
+    it('request information: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.requestInfo(id, { actorId: 'u9', comment: 'which cost centre?' }, asUser('u9'));
+      expect(named('approval_request_info', out)).toBe('Information requested on "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('remind: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.remind(id, { actorId: 'u1' }, CTX);
+      expect(named('approval_remind', out)).toBe('Reminder sent for "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('recall: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.recall(id, { actorId: 'u1' }, CTX);
+      expect(out.request.status).toBe('recalled');
+      expect(named('approval_recall', out)).toBe('Recalled "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('resubmit: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      await svc.sendBack(id, { actorId: 'u9', comment: 'split the lines' }, asUser('u9'));
+      const out = await svc.resubmit(id, { actorId: 'u1', comment: 'split' }, CTX);
+      expect(named('approval_resubmit', out)).toBe('Resubmitted "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+
+    it('reply: names the record', async () => {
+      const id = await openRequestId(openInput(['u9']), CTX);
+      const out = await svc.comment(id, { actorId: 'u1', comment: 'attached the receipt' }, CTX);
+      expect(named('approval_comment', out)).toBe('Reply posted on "Acme Renewal"');
+    });
+  });
+
   it('enrichment resolves lookup foreign keys in the payload to record titles', async () => {
     (engine as any).getSchema = (name: string) =>
       name === 'opportunity'
 
@@ -471,7 +471,15 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
         'has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_act) && record.viewer.can_act == true' +
         ' || has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_override) && record.viewer.can_override == true',
       locations: ['record_section', 'list_item'],
-      successMessage: 'Approved.',
+      // Names what was approved, in the inbox's inline Approve wording. The
+      // decide route answers `ApprovalDecisionResult`, whose `request` is the
+      // read-back row with its display enrichment, so `record_title` is the
+      // same title the inbox row shows (the target record's display field,
+      // else its payload snapshot). `${result.*}` is the success copy's
+      // declared scope on a `type: 'api'` action: the route's own response.
+      // Every action below names the request the same way: each of their
+      // routes answers `{ request, … }` with that same read-back row.
+      successMessage: 'Approved "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
     {
@@ -501,7 +509,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
         'has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_act) && record.viewer.can_act == true' +
         ' || has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_override) && record.viewer.can_override == true',
       locations: ['record_section', 'list_item'],
-      successMessage: 'Rejected.',
+      successMessage: 'Rejected "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
     {
@@ -524,7 +532,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
         'has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_act) && record.viewer.can_act == true' +
         ' || has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_override) && record.viewer.can_override == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Reassigned.',
+      successMessage: 'Reassigned "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
 
@@ -544,7 +552,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
       ],
       visible: 'has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_act) && record.viewer.can_act == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Sent back for revision.',
+      successMessage: 'Sent "${result.request.record_title}" back for revision',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
     {
@@ -559,7 +567,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
       ],
       visible: 'has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_act) && record.viewer.can_act == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Information requested.',
+      successMessage: 'Information requested on "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
 
@@ -586,7 +594,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
       ],
       visible: 'has(record.status) && record.status == "pending" && has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.is_submitter) && record.viewer.is_submitter == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Reminder sent.',
+      successMessage: 'Reminder sent for "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
     {
@@ -628,7 +636,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
         ' && has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.is_submitter) && record.viewer.is_submitter == true' +
         ' || has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.can_override) && record.viewer.can_override == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Recalled.',
+      successMessage: 'Recalled "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
     {
@@ -643,7 +651,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
       ],
       visible: 'has(record.status) && record.status == "returned" && has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.is_submitter) && record.viewer.is_submitter == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Resubmitted.',
+      successMessage: 'Resubmitted "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
 
@@ -691,7 +699,7 @@ export const SysApprovalRequest = ObjectSchema.create({
         ' || has(record.status) && record.status == "pending"' +
         ' && has(record.viewer) && has(record.viewer.is_submitter) && record.viewer.is_submitter == true',
       locations: ['record_section'],
-      successMessage: 'Reply posted.',
+      successMessage: 'Reply posted on "${result.request.record_title}"',
       refreshAfter: true,
     },
   ],
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       approval_approve: {
         label: "Approve",
         description: "Approve this request? Your approval is recorded, and the request moves on once this step has the approvals it requires.",
-        successMessage: "Approved.",
+        successMessage: "Approved \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Comment"
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       approval_reject: {
         label: "Reject",
         description: "Reject this request? A rejection is final for every approver.",
-        successMessage: "Rejected.",
+        successMessage: "Rejected \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Comment"
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_reassign: {
         label: "Reassign",
-        successMessage: "Reassigned.",
+        successMessage: "Reassigned \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           to: {
             label: "New approver",
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_send_back: {
         label: "Send back",
-        successMessage: "Sent back for revision.",
+        successMessage: "Sent \"${result.request.record_title}\" back for revision",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Reason"
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_request_info: {
         label: "Request info",
-        successMessage: "Information requested.",
+        successMessage: "Information requested on \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "What do you need?"
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_remind: {
         label: "Send reminder",
-        successMessage: "Reminder sent.",
+        successMessage: "Reminder sent for \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Note"
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       approval_recall: {
         label: "Recall",
         description: "Recall this request? Approvers can no longer act on it and the record is unlocked.",
-        successMessage: "Recalled.",
+        successMessage: "Recalled \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Comment"
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_resubmit: {
         label: "Resubmit",
-        successMessage: "Resubmitted.",
+        successMessage: "Resubmitted \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "What changed?"
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       },
       approval_comment: {
         label: "Reply",
-        successMessage: "Reply posted.",
+        successMessage: "Reply posted on \"${result.request.record_title}\"",
         params: {
           comment: {
             label: "Comment"