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+---
+'@objectstack/driver-sql': patch
+---
+
+On MySQL, `SqlDriver.create` and `SqlDriver.bulkCreate` now answer the rows they stored (#21227).
+
+Clause-②: no
+
+MySQL has no `INSERT … RETURNING`. knex drops the clause on the MySQL family and answers the insert id instead, so `create` answered `0` and `bulkCreate` answered a one-element array whatever the row count, although every row was stored. Callers that use the answer failed one layer up: on a MySQL datasource, sign-up answered `400 FAILED_TO_CREATE_USER` with the user stored and no account, the dev admin seed failed, and a multi-row `bulkCreate` through the engine was refused after its rows had landed.
+
+On the MySQL family both doors now read the rows back by the ids they wrote, under the tenant the rows were written with, inside the caller's transaction when there is one: one extra `SELECT` per `create` and per `bulkCreate` batch. SQLite and PostgreSQL still answer from `RETURNING`, with no extra statement and no change in what they answer. If a written row is gone before it can be read back (deleted in between by another statement or a trigger), the call throws `DATABASE_ERROR` (500) and does not retry the insert.
+
+Nothing to change in a project. Code that read the record from the result now gets it on MySQL as on the other dialects.
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+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * [#21227] `create` and `bulkCreate` answer the rows they STORED, on every
+ * dialect: one record per written row, in the written order.
+ *
+ * # The defect
+ *
+ * Both doors ran `builder.insert(...).returning('*')` and answered what the
+ * statement answered. MySQL has no `RETURNING`: knex's MySQL compiler drops the
+ * clause with a `.returning() is not supported by mysql` warning and answers
+ * `[insertId]`, which is `0` for this driver's string primary key and ONE
+ * element whatever the row count. Measured on live MySQL 8.0.46 at `62b90d74`,
+ * every row stored correctly each time:
+ *
+ * | call | answered |
+ * |:--|:--|
+ * | `create` (generated id) | `0` |
+ * | `create` (supplied id) | `0` |
+ * | `bulkCreate`, 3 rows | `[0]` (length 1) |
+ * | `bulkCreate`, 1 row | `[0]` |
+ *
+ * One layer up, the auth adapter answers what `create` answers, so sign-up on
+ * MySQL answered `400 FAILED_TO_CREATE_USER` with the user row stored and no
+ * account row; and the engine's one-result-per-row guard refuses a multi-row
+ * `bulkCreate` AFTER every row has landed.
+ *
+ * # What is asserted, per cell
+ *
+ * The answer is compared with the row read back through the driver's own
+ * `findOne`, and it must carry `done: false`, a value only the column's
+ * DEFAULT supplies (the payload never names `done`): an answer that echoed the
+ * payload fails here, and so does `0`.
+ *
+ * Cells: SQLite always; live PostgreSQL and MySQL where provisioned (the
+ * `Temporal Conformance (live PG + MySQL)` job runs this package against both)
+ * and declared un-run otherwise. SQLite and PostgreSQL answer from `RETURNING`,
+ * unchanged by the fix, and are the control: they passed before it and must
+ * pass after it, in ONE statement each. MySQL reads back, in two.
+ *
+ * One more cell, always run: SQLite with the read-back path forced
+ * (`insertReturnsStoredRows` overridden to `false`), so the read-back's own
+ * logic (written order, the written tenant scope, the caller's transaction,
+ * the refusal when a written row is gone) is measured on every CI run, not
+ * only on the job that has a MySQL server.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { SqlDriver, type SqlDriverConfig } from '../src/index.js';
+import { DIALECT_CELLS, declareDialectCell, type DialectCell } from './live-dialect-matrix.testkit.js';
+
+const TABLE = 'os21227_stored_row';
+
+const OBJECT = {
+  name: TABLE,
+  fields: {
+    organization_id: { type: 'string' },
+    title: { type: 'string' },
+    qty: { type: 'number' },
+    // Filled by the column DEFAULT, never by a payload in this file: the field
+    // that tells a stored row from an echo of what was sent.
+    done: { type: 'boolean', defaultValue: false },
+    meta: { type: 'json' },
+  },
+} as any;
+
+/** SQLite, with the read-back path the MySQL family takes. */
+class ReadBackPathSqlDriver extends SqlDriver {
+  protected override get insertReturnsStoredRows(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+interface Face {
+  label: string;
+  make(): SqlDriver;
+  /** Whether this face answers by reading back (two statements) rather than from RETURNING. */
+  readsBack: boolean;
+  /** Whether a trigger can delete the row its own INSERT wrote (SQLite only). */
+  sqliteTriggers: boolean;
+}
+
+function suite(face: Face) {
+  describe(`sql-driver — create / bulkCreate answer the stored row (${face.label}) [#21227]`, () => {
+    let driver: SqlDriver;
+    const knex = () => driver.getKnex();
+
+    /** Statements this test issued against the fixture table, in order. */
+    let statements: string[] = [];
+    const record = (q: { sql?: string }) => {
+      const sql = String(q?.sql ?? '');
+      if (sql.includes(TABLE)) statements.push(sql.trim().split(/\s+/)[0].toLowerCase());
+    };
+
+    const stored = async (id: unknown) => {
+      const row = await driver.findOne(TABLE, { where: { id } });
+      expect(row, `row ${String(id)} was not stored`).not.toBeNull();
+      return row!;
+    };
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      driver = face.make();
+      await knex().schema.dropTableIfExists(TABLE);
+      await driver.initObjects([OBJECT]);
+      statements = [];
+      knex().on('query', record);
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      knex().removeListener('query', record);
+      await knex().schema.dropTableIfExists(TABLE);
+      await driver.disconnect();
+    });
+
+    it('measures the path it claims to (the cell is not vacuous)', () => {
+      expect((driver as any).insertReturnsStoredRows).toBe(!face.readsBack);
+    });
+
+    it('create with a generated id answers the stored row', async () => {
+      const answer = await driver.create(TABLE, { title: 'generated', qty: 1, meta: { k: [1, 2] } });
+
+      expect(typeof answer.id).toBe('string');
+      expect(answer.id).not.toBe('');
+      expect(answer.done).toBe(false);
+      expect(answer.meta).toEqual({ k: [1, 2] });
+      expect(answer).toEqual(await stored(answer.id));
+    });
+
+    it('create with a supplied id answers that row, in one statement or two by path', async () => {
+      const answer = await driver.create(TABLE, { id: 'given-1', title: 'supplied', qty: 2 });
+
+      expect(answer).toEqual(await stored('given-1'));
+      expect(answer.title).toBe('supplied');
+      expect(answer.done).toBe(false);
+      // The findOne above is the test's own read; the door's statements precede it.
+      expect(statements.slice(0, face.readsBack ? 2 : 1)).toEqual(face.readsBack ? ['insert', 'select'] : ['insert']);
+      expect(statements[face.readsBack ? 2 : 1]).toBe('select'); // the test's findOne
+    });
+
+    it('bulkCreate answers one stored row per written row, in the written order', async () => {
+      const answer = await driver.bulkCreate(TABLE, [
+        { title: 'b1' },
+        { id: 'given-b2', title: 'b2', qty: 2 },
+        { title: 'b3', qty: 3 },
+      ]);
+
+      expect(answer).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(answer.map((r) => r.title)).toEqual(['b1', 'b2', 'b3']);
+      expect(answer[1].id).toBe('given-b2');
+      // The batch is ONE insert, and on the read-back path ONE read.
+      expect(statements).toEqual(face.readsBack ? ['insert', 'select'] : ['insert']);
+      for (const row of answer) {
+        expect(row.done).toBe(false);
+        expect(row).toEqual(await stored(row.id));
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('bulkCreate of one row answers one stored row', async () => {
+      const answer = await driver.bulkCreate(TABLE, [{ id: 'only', title: 'single' }]);
+
+      expect(answer).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(answer[0]).toEqual(await stored('only'));
+    });
+
+    it('a tenanted create answers the row stamped with the caller tenant', async () => {
+      const answer = await driver.create(TABLE, { id: 't-own', title: 'own' }, { tenantId: 'org_a' });
+
+      expect(answer.organization_id).toBe('org_a');
+      expect(answer).toEqual(await stored('t-own'));
+    });
+
+    it('an admin write naming another tenant answers the row it stored, not a refusal', async () => {
+      // `injectTenantOnInsert` never overwrites an explicit tenant, so the row
+      // lands under org_b while the call carries org_a. A read-back scoped to
+      // the caller's ACTIVE org would miss it.
+      const answer = await driver.create(
+        TABLE,
+        { id: 't-named', title: 'named', organization_id: 'org_b' },
+        { tenantId: 'org_a' },
+      );
+      expect(answer.organization_id).toBe('org_b');
+      expect(answer).toEqual(await stored('t-named'));
+
+      const batch = await driver.bulkCreate(
+        TABLE,
+        [
+          { id: 't-b1', title: 'stamped' },
+          { id: 't-b2', title: 'named', organization_id: 'org_c' },
+        ],
+        { tenantId: 'org_a' },
+      );
+      expect(batch.map((r) => [r.id, r.organization_id])).toEqual([
+        ['t-b1', 'org_a'],
+        ['t-b2', 'org_c'],
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('inside a caller transaction, create and bulkCreate answer the uncommitted rows and the rollback keeps', async () => {
+      const trx = await driver.beginTransaction();
+      let single!: Record<string, unknown>;
+      let batch!: Record<string, unknown>[];
+      try {
+        single = await driver.create(TABLE, { id: 'tx-1', title: 'in tx' }, { transaction: trx });
+        batch = await driver.bulkCreate(TABLE, [{ id: 'tx-2', title: 'in tx' }, { id: 'tx-3', title: 'in tx' }], {
+          transaction: trx,
+        });
+      } finally {
+        await driver.rollback(trx);
+      }
+      expect(single.id).toBe('tx-1');
+      expect(single.done).toBe(false);
+      expect(batch.map((r) => r.id)).toEqual(['tx-2', 'tx-3']);
+      expect(await driver.find(TABLE, {})).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    if (face.readsBack && face.sqliteTriggers) {
+      it('a written row that is gone before the read-back is refused, once, and never re-issued', async () => {
+        await knex().raw(
+          `create trigger os21227_vanish after insert on ${TABLE} begin delete from ${TABLE} where id = new.id; end`,
+        );
+        statements = [];
+
+        const err = await driver.create(TABLE, { id: 'gone', title: 'vanishes' }).then(
+          () => null,
+          (e: unknown) => e as { code?: string; status?: number },
+        );
+        expect(err).not.toBeNull();
+        expect(err!.code).toBe('DATABASE_ERROR');
+        expect(err!.status).toBe(500);
+        // One insert, one read, no retry: re-issuing would duplicate a row that landed.
+        expect(statements).toEqual(['insert', 'select']);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+for (const cell of DIALECT_CELLS) {
+  declareDialectCell(cell, 'create / bulkCreate stored row (#21227)', (c: DialectCell) =>
+    suite({
+      label: c.label,
+      make: () => new SqlDriver(c.config()),
+      readsBack: c.id === 'mysql',
+      sqliteTriggers: c.id === 'sqlite',
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+suite({
+  label: 'sqlite, read-back path forced',
+  make: () => new ReadBackPathSqlDriver(dialectSqliteConfig()),
+  readsBack: true,
+  sqliteTriggers: true,
+});
+
+function dialectSqliteConfig(): SqlDriverConfig {
+  return DIALECT_CELLS.find((c) => c.id === 'sqlite')!.config();
+}