@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+"@objectstack/plugin-approvals": patch
+"@objectstack/plugin-security": patch
+"@objectstack/service-messaging": patch
+"@objectstack/service-realtime": patch
+---
+
+fix(plugin-approvals, plugin-security, service-messaging, service-realtime): nine system objects that relied on `titleFormat` declare a title pointer, so their record title is no longer the raw id (#20044)
+
+Clause-②: no
+
+ADR-0079 resolves a record's title as `nameField`, then `displayNameField`, then a derivation, and an explicit `nameField` takes precedence over the render-only `titleFormat`. Nine system objects declared a `titleFormat` and no pointer. When such an object is registered, the registry's designate-only pass picks the first title-eligible field as `nameField`, and for these nine that field is `id`. A `/meta` read serves that pointer as if it had been declared, so a renderer that follows ADR-0079's order showed the raw record id as the record page's title.
+
+Eight of the titles are composites. Each of those objects now declares `display_title`, a formula field with `returnType: 'text'` over the same columns, and points `nameField` and `displayNameField` at it:
+
+- `sys_approval_delegation`: `{delegator_id} → {delegate_id}`;
+- `sys_position_permission_set`: `{position_id} → {permission_set_id}`;
+- `sys_user_permission_set`: `{user_id} → {permission_set_id}`;
+- `sys_user_position`: `{user_id} → {position}`;
+- `sys_notification_delivery`: `{channel} → {recipient_id}`;
+- `sys_notification_preference`: `{user_id} · {topic} · {channel}`;
+- `sys_notification_subscription`: `{principal} · {topic}`;
+- `sys_presence`: `{user_id} ({status})`.
+
+`sys_notification_receipt`'s title is the single column `{state}`, so its `nameField` and `displayNameField` now name `state` directly.
+
+This is the migration the `titleFormat` schema text prescribes: "Migrate a single-field title to nameField, a composite to a formula field designated as nameField". The record title is now the text the `titleFormat` described. Every column these titles read is required, so the formulas carry no null guard. Each formula reads only its own row's columns, never a field of a looked-up record.
+
+A formula field is computed when a record is read. It adds no database column, so no schema migration runs. Record reads and write responses of the eight objects now carry `display_title`, and the server-side title accessor (`resolveRecordTitle`) returns the title text instead of the raw id. No row scope, permission set or API method changes.
+
+`titleFormat` stays on all nine objects, unchanged, for renderers that still read it first. The set of fields `$search` scans is unchanged: a formula field is never a search target, and neither was `id`. On `sys_notification_receipt`, `state` was already in the set and now leads it. No search-companion column is provisioned for any of the nine.
+
+The new `display_title` label and help text are in each package's English bundle. The zh-CN, ja-JP and es-ES bundles carry the generator's English fill for them, recorded in the source-hash companions.
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * The record title of `sys_approval_delegation`, which declared a
+ * `titleFormat` and no title pointer (#20044).
+ *
+ * ADR-0079 resolves a record's title as `nameField ?? displayNameField ??
+ * derivation`, and an explicit `nameField` takes precedence over the
+ * render-only `titleFormat`. With no pointer declared, the registry's
+ * designate-only pass (`provisionPrimary(…, { synthesize: false })`) stamped
+ * `nameField: 'id'` — the first title-eligible field — onto the registered
+ * body, and a `/meta` read serves that stamp as if the author had written it.
+ * A renderer honouring the order therefore drew the raw id as the record
+ * page's H1.
+ *
+ * The object now points at `display_title`, a text formula over the columns
+ * `titleFormat` names. Through the real engine this file asserts:
+ *
+ *  1. the body the registry holds after registration names `display_title`;
+ *  2. a seeded row's H1 is the `titleFormat` text, not the id, and the
+ *     server-side accessor (`resolveRecordTitle`) agrees;
+ *  3. a row missing a title column is refused by the write path, so the
+ *     formula never sees a NULL part (the sibling of #20015's nullable legs:
+ *     here every title column is required);
+ *  4. the formula reads exactly the columns `titleFormat` names, on this row
+ *     only, each required and none withheld from a reader of the row;
+ *  5. the formula adds no stored column, and no search companion column
+ *     either — not even where pinyin search provisions one (a formula is
+ *     never a companion source).
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  ObjectQL,
+  SEARCH_COMPANION_FIELD,
+  provisionSearchCompanion,
+  resolveRecordTitle,
+  resolveSearchCompanionSources,
+} from '@objectstack/objectql';
+import { SqlDriver } from '@objectstack/driver-sql';
+import { resolveDisplayField } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
+import { SysApprovalDelegation } from './sys-approval-delegation.object.js';
+
+const SYS = { context: { isSystem: true } } as any;
+const OBJECT = 'sys_approval_delegation';
+
+/** The `titleFormat` source: the parsed schema carries it as an envelope. */
+function titleFormatSource(schema: unknown): string {
+  const tf = (schema as { titleFormat?: unknown }).titleFormat;
+  const source = typeof tf === 'string' ? tf : (tf as { source?: unknown })?.source;
+  if (typeof source !== 'string') throw new Error(`titleFormat carries no template source: ${JSON.stringify(tf)}`);
+  return source;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The H1 a `titleFormat`-first renderer draws: each `{field}` placeholder
+ * substituted with the row's value. It is the reference the formula has to
+ * reproduce, not a second title resolver.
+ */
+function renderTitleFormat(schema: unknown, row: Record<string, unknown>): string {
+  return titleFormatSource(schema).replace(/\{\{?\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_.]+)\s*\}?\}/g, (_m, key: string) => String(row[key] ?? ''));
+}
+
+/** The columns `titleFormat` names. */
+function titleFormatColumns(schema: unknown): string[] {
+  return [...titleFormatSource(schema).matchAll(/\{\{?\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_.]+)\s*\}?\}/g)].map((m) => m[1]).sort();
+}
+
+/** Every `record.<path>` the `display_title` expression reads, as written. */
+function formulaReads(schema: { fields: Record<string, any> }): string[] {
+  const source = schema.fields.display_title?.expression?.source;
+  if (typeof source !== 'string') throw new Error('display_title carries no expression source');
+  return [...source.matchAll(/record\.([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.]*)/g)].map((m) => m[1]).sort();
+}
+
+/** The stored row as a hook body holds it: no formula value on it. */
+function storedOnly(row: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const { display_title: _omit, ...rest } = row;
+  return rest;
+}
+
+describe('[#20044] sys_approval_delegation resolves a real record title under ADR-0079 order', () => {
+  let engine: ObjectQL;
+  let driver: SqlDriver;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    engine = new ObjectQL();
+    driver = new SqlDriver({
+      client: 'better-sqlite3',
+      connection: { filename: ':memory:' },
+      useNullAsDefault: true,
+    });
+    engine.registerDriver(driver, true);
+    await engine.init();
+    engine.registry.registerObject(SysApprovalDelegation as any, 'com.objectstack.test.20044');
+    await engine.syncSchemas();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    try { await engine?.destroy(); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  });
+
+  it('the registered body points at display_title, a text formula — not the id the designation pass stamped', () => {
+    const registered = engine.registry.getObject(OBJECT) as any;
+    expect(registered.nameField).toBe('display_title');
+    expect(registered.displayNameField).toBe('display_title');
+    expect(resolveDisplayField(registered)).toBe('display_title');
+    expect(registered.fields.display_title?.type).toBe('formula');
+    expect(registered.fields.display_title?.returnType).toBe('text');
+  });
+
+  it('the H1 is "{delegator_id} → {delegate_id}", not the id', async () => {
+    const registered = engine.registry.getObject(OBJECT) as any;
+    const created = await engine.insert(OBJECT, { delegator_id: 'usr_alice', delegate_id: 'usr_bob' }, SYS);
+    // The write response carries the title too (read-your-write).
+    expect(created.display_title).toBe('usr_alice → usr_bob');
+    const row = await engine.findOne(OBJECT, { where: { id: created.id } }, SYS);
+    expect(row).not.toBeNull();
+
+    const h1 = row![resolveDisplayField(registered)!];
+    expect(h1).toBe('usr_alice → usr_bob');
+    expect(h1).not.toBe(row!.id);
+    expect(h1).toBe(renderTitleFormat(SysApprovalDelegation, row!));
+    expect(resolveRecordTitle(registered, storedOnly(row!))).toBe('usr_alice → usr_bob');
+  });
+
+  it('a row missing a title column is refused, so the formula never sees a NULL part', async () => {
+    for (const [omit, keep] of [['delegator_id', { delegate_id: 'usr_bob' }], ['delegate_id', { delegator_id: 'usr_alice' }]] as const) {
+      await expect(engine.insert(OBJECT, keep, SYS)).rejects.toMatchObject({
+        code: 'VALIDATION_FAILED',
+        fields: expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ field: omit, code: 'required' })]),
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('the formula reads exactly the titleFormat columns, on this row, each required and none withheld', () => {
+    const fields = SysApprovalDelegation.fields as Record<string, any>;
+    const reads = formulaReads(SysApprovalDelegation as any);
+    // One level deep: a dotted path would read a looked-up record's field.
+    expect(reads).toEqual(titleFormatColumns(SysApprovalDelegation));
+    for (const column of reads) {
+      expect(fields[column], column).toBeDefined();
+      expect(fields[column].required, column).toBe(true);
+      expect(fields[column].hidden ?? false, column).toBe(false);
+      expect(fields[column].requiredPermissions ?? [], column).toEqual([]);
+      expect(fields[column].maskingRule, column).toBeUndefined();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('adds no stored column: the formula is computed on read', async () => {
+    const columns = Object.keys(await driver.getKnex()(OBJECT).columnInfo());
+    expect(columns).toContain('delegator_id');
+    expect(columns).not.toContain('display_title');
+  });
+
+  it('provisions no search companion column, even where pinyin search is on', () => {
+    // The companion (`__search`) is a real column fed by the title field. A
+    // registry provisions it only where pinyin search is on, by running
+    // `provisionSearchCompanion` over the body it has just designated, so run
+    // that step over the registered body. A formula title is never a source.
+    const registered = engine.registry.getObject(OBJECT) as any;
+    expect(resolveSearchCompanionSources(registered)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(provisionSearchCompanion(registered).fields[SEARCH_COMPANION_FIELD]).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
 
 import { ObjectSchema, Field } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
+import { F } from '@objectstack/spec';
 
 /**
  * sys_approval_delegation — self-service out-of-office (OOO) delegation (#1322 M1).
@@ -40,6 +41,15 @@ export const SysApprovalDelegation = ObjectSchema.create({
   managedBy: 'system-data',
   description:
     'Self-service out-of-office rule: route this user\'s approver slots to a delegate within a time window (#1322 M1).',
+  // [ADR-0079] The record title is `display_title`, a text formula over the
+  // same two columns `titleFormat` names. With no pointer declared, the
+  // registry's designate-only pass stamped `nameField: 'id'` (the first
+  // title-eligible field), so a renderer honouring ADR-0079's order (an
+  // explicit `nameField` wins over `titleFormat`) drew the raw id as the record
+  // page's H1. `titleFormat` stays for renderers that still read it first;
+  // `sys-approval-delegation-display-title.test.ts` holds the two to the same text.
+  displayNameField: 'display_title',
+  nameField: 'display_title', // [ADR-0079] canonical primary-title pointer (mirrors deprecated displayNameField)
   titleFormat: '{delegator_id} → {delegate_id}',
   highlightFields: ['delegator_id', 'delegate_id', 'valid_from', 'valid_until'],
 
@@ -62,6 +72,17 @@ export const SysApprovalDelegation = ObjectSchema.create({
   fields: {
     id: Field.text({ label: 'Delegation ID', required: true, readonly: true, group: 'System' }),
 
+    // [ADR-0079] The record title (`nameField` above). A formula is computed on
+    // read and has no stored column. Both source columns are required, so the
+    // expression needs no null guard.
+    display_title: Field.formula({
+      label: 'Title',
+      returnType: 'text',
+      expression: F`record.delegator_id + ' → ' + record.delegate_id`,
+      description: 'Record title: the delegator and the delegate (computed on read)',
+      group: 'Delegation',
+    }),
+
     delegator_id: Field.lookup('sys_user', {
       label: 'Delegator',
       required: true,
 
@@ -302,6 +302,10 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       id: {
         label: "Delegation ID"
       },
+      display_title: {
+        label: "Title",
+        help: "Record title: the delegator and the delegate (computed on read)"
+      },
       delegator_id: {
         label: "Delegator",
         help: "The user going out of office; their individually-routed approver slots are rerouted while active."
 
@@ -302,6 +302,10 @@ export const esESObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       id: {
         label: "Delegation ID"
       },
+      display_title: {
+        label: "Title",
+        help: "Record title: the delegator and the delegate (computed on read)"
+      },
       delegator_id: {
         label: "Delegator",
         help: "The user going out of office; their individually-routed approver slots are rerouted while active."
 
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ export const esESGeneratedSourceHashes: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegate_id.label": "afd6d8733dc5bc14",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegator_id.help": "c4686c5c9f24e0be",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegator_id.label": "f76b1f95f2fdabff",
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.help": "2831a1ffde72b425",
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.label": "70f7aadecce647a5",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.id.label": "3383564051b4b76d",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.organization_id.help": "f02982e88229d9ca",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.organization_id.label": "3e55836156e1c1de",
 
@@ -302,6 +302,10 @@ export const jaJPObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       id: {
         label: "Delegation ID"
       },
+      display_title: {
+        label: "Title",
+        help: "Record title: the delegator and the delegate (computed on read)"
+      },
       delegator_id: {
         label: "Delegator",
         help: "The user going out of office; their individually-routed approver slots are rerouted while active."
 
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ export const jaJPGeneratedSourceHashes: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegate_id.label": "afd6d8733dc5bc14",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegator_id.help": "c4686c5c9f24e0be",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.delegator_id.label": "f76b1f95f2fdabff",
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.help": "2831a1ffde72b425",
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.label": "70f7aadecce647a5",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.id.label": "3383564051b4b76d",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.organization_id.help": "f02982e88229d9ca",
   "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.organization_id.label": "3e55836156e1c1de",
 
@@ -302,6 +302,10 @@ export const zhCNObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
       id: {
         label: "委派 ID"
       },
+      display_title: {
+        label: "Title",
+        help: "Record title: the delegator and the delegate (computed on read)"
+      },
       delegator_id: {
         label: "委派人",
         help: "即将不在岗的用户；规则生效期间，路由到其个人的审批人槽位将被改派。"
 
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
  */
 
 export const zhCNGeneratedSourceHashes: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.help": "2831a1ffde72b425",
+  "objects.sys_approval_delegation.fields.display_title.label": "70f7aadecce647a5",
   "objects.sys_approval_request.fields.flow_node_id.help": "154aa23b4eee4cae",
   "objects.sys_approval_request.fields.flow_node_id.label": "052ad568aa41227c",
   "objects.sys_approval_request.fields.flow_run_id.help": "35c92818f5e11090",