Setup, Exercise and Verify

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Test need be separated into setup, exercise and verify phases. This distinct and well-defined separation of steps makes your test more reliable, maintainable and expressive

The phases are defined as follows:

• Setup: create objects, variables and set conditions that your test depend on
• Exercise: execute the functionality you are testing
• Verify: check your expectations against the results of the exercise phase. You can use the assert library here

Clear separation of each phase makes a test easier to read, change and validate.

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1. The same test is written twice - once in a naive approach, once using setup, exercise and verify phases. Run the test suite.

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Both test have errors. The test output will tell you which line threw an error for each test.

Fix both test using the correct call to .pop().