Add pyinfra equivalent of geerlingguy.docker

[wowi42]

The geerlingguy.docker Ansible role is currently the #1 most-downloaded role on Ansible Galaxy (~27M downloads). This issue tracks adding a pyinfra equivalent as an example in this repo.

• Ansible Galaxy: https://galaxy.ansible.com/ui/standalone/roles/geerlingguy/docker/
• Source: https://github.com/geerlingguy/ansible-role-docker

Scope

• Port the role's core tasks to a pyinfra deploy / operations
• Cover the same platforms (Debian/Ubuntu, RHEL/CentOS, etc.) where reasonable
• Expose equivalent configurable variables
• Document usage in a README

cc @wowi42