diff --git a/src/lib/virtual-scroll.js b/src/lib/virtual-scroll.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1074654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/virtual-scroll.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+export function getItemHeight(items, idx, heights, avgHeight) {
+  const id = items[idx]?.id
+  return heights.get(id) || avgHeight
+}
+
+export function buildPrefixHeights(items, heights, avgHeight) {
+  const prefix = [0]
+  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+    prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] + getItemHeight(items, i, heights, avgHeight)
+  }
+  return prefix
+}
+
+export function findStartIndex(prefix, scrollTop) {
+  let lo = 0, hi = prefix.length - 1
+  while (lo < hi) {
+    const mid = Math.floor((lo + hi) / 2)
+    if (prefix[mid] <= scrollTop) lo = mid + 1
+    else hi = mid
+  }
+  return Math.max(0, lo - 1)
+}
+
+export function computeVirtualRange(items, scrollTop, viewportHeight, avgHeight, overscan, windowSize, heights) {
+  const prefix = buildPrefixHeights(items, heights, avgHeight)
+  const start = Math.max(0, findStartIndex(prefix, scrollTop) - overscan)
+  const end = Math.min(items.length, start + windowSize + overscan * 2)
+  return { start, end, prefix }
+}
+
+export function getSpacerHeights(prefix, start, end) {
+  const top = prefix[start]
+  const total = prefix[prefix.length - 1]
+  const bottom = Math.max(0, total - prefix[end])
+  return { top, bottom, total }
+}
diff --git a/src/pages/chat.js b/src/pages/chat.js
index 6c39aaf1..9635e90d 100644
--- a/src/pages/chat.js
+++ b/src/pages/chat.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { api, invalidate } from '../lib/tauri-api.js'
 import { navigate } from '../router.js'
 import { wsClient, uuid } from '../lib/ws-client.js'
 import { renderMarkdown } from '../lib/markdown.js'
+import { computeVirtualRange, getSpacerHeights } from '../lib/virtual-scroll.js'
 import { saveMessage, saveMessages, getLocalMessages, isStorageAvailable } from '../lib/message-db.js'
 import { toast } from '../components/toast.js'
 import { showModal, showConfirm } from '../components/modal.js'
@@ -64,6 +65,17 @@ let _isStreaming = false, _isSending = false, _messageQueue = [], _streamStartTi
 let _lastRenderTime = 0, _renderPending = false, _lastHistoryHash = ''
 let _autoScrollEnabled = true, _lastScrollTop = 0, _touchStartY = 0
 let _isLoadingHistory = false
+
+const VIRTUAL_WINDOW = 40
+const VIRTUAL_OVERSCAN = 20
+let _virtualEnabled = true
+let _virtualHeights = new Map()
+let _virtualAvgHeight = 64
+let _virtualRange = { start: 0, end: 0, prefix: [0] }
+let _virtualItems = []
+let _virtualTopSpacer = null
+let _virtualBottomSpacer = null
+let _virtualRenderPending = false
 let _streamSafetyTimer = null, _unsubEvent = null, _unsubReady = null, _unsubStatus = null
 let _seenRunIds = new Set()
 let _pageActive = false
@@ -289,6 +301,15 @@ function bindEvents(page) {
     scrollToBottom(true)
   })
   _messagesEl.addEventListener('click', () => hideCmdPanel())
+  _messagesEl.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+    const target = e.target?.closest?.('.msg-spoiler')
+    if (!target) return
+    if (target.closest('code, pre')) return
+    target.classList.toggle('revealed')
+  })
+  _messagesEl.addEventListener('scroll', () => {
+    if (_virtualEnabled) requestVirtualRender()
+  })
 }
 
 async function loadModelOptions(showToast = false) {
@@ -1863,11 +1884,39 @@ function showLightbox(src) {
   document.addEventListener('keydown', onKey)
 }
 
-function appendSystemMessage(text) {
+function insertMessageByTime(wrap, ts) {
+  const tsValue = Number(ts || Date.now())
+  wrap.dataset.ts = String(tsValue)
+
+  if (!_virtualEnabled) {
+    const items = Array.from(_messagesEl.querySelectorAll('.msg'))
+    for (const node of items) {
+      const nodeTs = parseInt(node.dataset.ts || '0', 10)
+      if (nodeTs > tsValue) {
+        _messagesEl.insertBefore(wrap, node)
+        return
+      }
+    }
+    _messagesEl.insertBefore(wrap, _typingEl)
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (!wrap.dataset.vid) wrap.dataset.vid = uuid()
+  const vid = wrap.dataset.vid
+  const existingIdx = _virtualItems.findIndex(item => item.id === vid)
+  const entry = { id: vid, ts: tsValue, node: wrap }
+  if (existingIdx >= 0) _virtualItems.splice(existingIdx, 1)
+  let insertIdx = _virtualItems.findIndex(item => item.ts > tsValue)
+  if (insertIdx < 0) insertIdx = _virtualItems.length
+  _virtualItems.splice(insertIdx, 0, entry)
+  requestVirtualRender(true)
+}
+
+function appendSystemMessage(text, ts) {
   const wrap = document.createElement('div')
   wrap.className = 'msg msg-system'
   wrap.textContent = text
-  _messagesEl.insertBefore(wrap, _typingEl)
+  insertMessageByTime(wrap, ts)
   scrollToBottom()
 }
 
@@ -1875,6 +1924,12 @@ function clearMessages() {
   _messagesEl.querySelectorAll('.msg').forEach(m => m.remove())
   _autoScrollEnabled = true
   _lastScrollTop = 0
+  _virtualItems = []
+  _virtualHeights = new Map()
+  _virtualAvgHeight = 64
+  _virtualRange = { start: 0, end: 0, prefix: [0] }
+  if (_virtualTopSpacer) _virtualTopSpacer.style.height = '0px'
+  if (_virtualBottomSpacer) _virtualBottomSpacer.style.height = '0px'
 }
 
 function showTyping(show) {
@@ -1904,7 +1959,86 @@ function scrollToBottom(force = false) {
 
 function isAtBottom() {
   if (!_messagesEl) return true
-  return _messagesEl.scrollHeight - _messagesEl.scrollTop - _messagesEl.clientHeight < 80
+  const threshold = 80
+  return _messagesEl.scrollHeight - _messagesEl.scrollTop - _messagesEl.clientHeight < threshold
+}
+
+function ensureVirtualSpacers() {
+  if (!_messagesEl) return
+  if (!_virtualTopSpacer) {
+    _virtualTopSpacer = document.createElement('div')
+    _virtualTopSpacer.className = 'msg-virtual-spacer'
+    _messagesEl.insertBefore(_virtualTopSpacer, _messagesEl.firstChild)
+  }
+  if (!_virtualBottomSpacer) {
+    _virtualBottomSpacer = document.createElement('div')
+    _virtualBottomSpacer.className = 'msg-virtual-spacer'
+    _messagesEl.insertBefore(_virtualBottomSpacer, _typingEl)
+  }
+}
+
+function requestVirtualRender(force = false) {
+  if (!_virtualEnabled || !_messagesEl) return
+  if (_virtualRenderPending && !force) return
+  _virtualRenderPending = true
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    _virtualRenderPending = false
+    doVirtualRender()
+  })
+}
+
+function doVirtualRender() {
+  if (!_virtualEnabled || !_messagesEl) return
+  ensureVirtualSpacers()
+  const atBottom = isAtBottom()
+  const scrollTop = _messagesEl.scrollTop
+  const viewport = _messagesEl.clientHeight
+  const items = _virtualItems
+  const { start, end, prefix } = computeVirtualRange(items, scrollTop, viewport, _virtualAvgHeight, VIRTUAL_OVERSCAN, VIRTUAL_WINDOW, _virtualHeights)
+  _virtualRange = { start, end, prefix }
+  const { top, bottom } = getSpacerHeights(prefix, start, end)
+  _virtualTopSpacer.style.height = `${top}px`
+  _virtualBottomSpacer.style.height = `${bottom}px`
+
+  const visibleIds = new Set(items.slice(start, end).map(i => i.id))
+  _messagesEl.querySelectorAll('.msg').forEach(node => {
+    const vid = node.dataset.vid
+    if (!vid || !visibleIds.has(vid)) node.remove()
+  })
+
+  const anchor = _virtualTopSpacer.nextSibling
+  let refNode = anchor
+  for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    const item = items[i]
+    if (!item?.node) continue
+    if (item.node.parentNode !== _messagesEl) {
+      _messagesEl.insertBefore(item.node, refNode || _virtualBottomSpacer)
+    }
+    refNode = item.node.nextSibling
+  }
+
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    let total = 0, count = 0
+    items.slice(start, end).forEach(item => {
+      const el = item.node
+      if (!el || !el.getBoundingClientRect) return
+      const h = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(el.getBoundingClientRect().height))
+      if (h) {
+        _virtualHeights.set(item.id, h)
+        total += h
+        count += 1
+      }
+    })
+    if (count) _virtualAvgHeight = Math.max(24, Math.round(total / count))
+
+    if (atBottom) {
+      scrollToBottom()
+    } else {
+      const newTop = _virtualTopSpacer.offsetHeight
+      const delta = newTop - top
+      if (delta !== 0) _messagesEl.scrollTop = scrollTop + delta
+    }
+  })
 }
 
 function updateSendState() {
diff --git a/src/style/chat.css b/src/style/chat.css
index 63fbacad..6c143e12 100644
--- a/src/style/chat.css
+++ b/src/style/chat.css
@@ -142,6 +142,11 @@
   gap: var(--space-sm);
 }
 
+.msg-virtual-spacer {
+  height: 0;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
 /* 消息通用 */
 .msg {
   display: flex;
diff --git a/tests/virtual-scroll.test.js b/tests/virtual-scroll.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b9d618a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/virtual-scroll.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { buildPrefixHeights, computeVirtualRange, getSpacerHeights } from '../src/lib/virtual-scroll.js'
+
+describe('virtual scroll helpers', () => {
+  it('builds prefix heights with avg fallback', () => {
+    const items = [{ id: 'a' }, { id: 'b' }, { id: 'c' }]
+    const heights = new Map([['b', 80]])
+    const prefix = buildPrefixHeights(items, heights, 50)
+    expect(prefix).toEqual([0, 50, 130, 180])
+  })
+
+  it('computes range with window cap', () => {
+    const items = Array.from({ length: 200 }, (_, i) => ({ id: String(i) }))
+    const heights = new Map()
+    const { start, end } = computeVirtualRange(items, 0, 600, 30, 20, 40, heights)
+    expect(end - start).toBeLessThanOrEqual(80)
+  })
+
+  it('spacer heights sum to total', () => {
+    const prefix = [0, 50, 100, 150]
+    const { top, bottom, total } = getSpacerHeights(prefix, 1, 2)
+    expect(top + bottom + (prefix[2] - prefix[1])).toBe(total)
+  })
+})