Add fundamentals of programming & intro to Scala syntax

[robinske]

Some attendees will be completely new to programming. We want material that covers the basics of programming:

• what is a variable, an expression, a method?
• what are data structures?
• how do i loop/map?
• boolean logic
• commenting
• flow control - if/else, match/case
• how is my code executed?
• what is the terminal?
• what is a REPL?
• what is a virtual machine?
• and more...

This section can also introduce Scala syntax

[DagnyTagg2013]

How are comments saved here? Wanted to suggest adding IntelliJ IDE Worksheets exercises via *.sc. Most professional developers work with IDEs as productivity boosters. Suggest newbies not waste time with command-line. I can contribute several from my personal repos!

[DagnyTagg2013]

OK -- I'm volunteering to do the LIST intro and exercises! Will submit PR remotely later!

[noelwelsh]

Some general thoughts on curriculum. The most common way to teach programming is what I call the "bag of syntax" approach. It introduces a programming language as a collection of syntax and gives the student no tools to decompose problems or implement solutions using that language. Students are expected to just intuitively understand how to do this. I recall this from both my intro to programming and my experiences as a TA on 1st year programming.

The approach I learned from the PLT group is to teach programming patterns and introduce language features as they support the patterns. For example, in Creative Scala we emphasise structural recursion (first over natural numbers, then over lists) as the pattern for processing algebraic data types. How to Design Programs, which we've basically ripped off in all our training, has a fairly rigorous design process that does a very good job of making programming a systematic process. We aren't so rigorous in our own training but these ideas underly everything we do.

Our curriculum in Essential Scala is:

• expression, types, and values (fundamental elements of computing, substitution model)
• algebraic data types and structural recursion
• sequencing computation (map, flatMap, and fold)
• type classes

In Creative Scala we spend much more time on substitution (or will, once that's been written 😄 ), and the majority of the book uses structural recursion, with map and flatMap introduced as abstractions over structural recursion, and algebraic data types introduces at the end.

[DagnyTagg2013]

Hey there!

Submitted a pull request today for:

• basic list exercises and links to further reading: /exercises/listBasics.sc
• a high-level technical take on "Why Scala": /introduction/motivatedScala.md

I'm going to advocate for the following minor tweaks to our teaching approach; and please review my pull request which attempts to demonstrate what I mean:

• use physical analogies to help clearly and succinctly explain key abstract concepts
• certain concepts are core to the power of this language; and they will inform and complement the coding approaches to solving problems effectively with Scala
• provide setup and FAQ WIKIs on can't-live-without tools that will return value almost immediately by making the learning process smoother; as well as providing the means for exploration and deeper learning in the future (eg GitHub, Intellij IDEA, StackOverflow etc)

The motivation for making these minor tweaks is to encourage the Learner not to self-limit, and to make their learning process more enjoyable and productive by fast-tracking them towards professional-level coding approaches to solving problems effectively with Scala.

[DagnyTagg2013]

Oh! And, I'm not a professional Scala person. My perspective is from someone who wants these points for my own learning experience; and from the perspective that if I were to teach this to my daughter at around 12 years old -- this CAN be done simply because this subject CAN be made accessible.