diff --git a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/cross_func.rs b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/cross_func.rs
index a76c8dfa..dcf3db97 100644
--- a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/cross_func.rs
+++ b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/cross_func.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,20 @@ pub fn cross_values(
     });
   }
   for value in arr_a.iter().chain(arr_b.iter()) {
-    if !value.is_number() {
+    let is_valid = match num_type {
+      PrimitiveTypes::Sht | PrimitiveTypes::Int | PrimitiveTypes::Lng | PrimitiveTypes::Oct => {
+        matches!(
+          value,
+          Value::Int16(_) | Value::Int32(_) | Value::Int64(_) | Value::Int128(_)
+        )
+      }
+      PrimitiveTypes::Hlf | PrimitiveTypes::Flt | PrimitiveTypes::Dbl => matches!(
+        value,
+        Value::Float16(_) | Value::Float32(_) | Value::Float64(_)
+      ),
+      _ => true,
+    };
+    if !is_valid {
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
@@ -64,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn cross_values(
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
-        found: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
+        found: "unknown",
       });
     }
   })
@@ -105,6 +118,58 @@ mod tests {
     assert_eq!(stack, original);
   }
   #[test]
+  fn rejects_mismatched_numeric_families_without_mutating_stack() {
+    for (left, right, num_type, expected, found) in [
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Int32(1); 3]),
+        array(vec![Value::Float32(1.0); 3]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Int,
+        "Integer",
+        "Float",
+      ),
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Float64(1.0); 3]),
+        array(vec![Value::Int64(1); 3]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Dbl,
+        "Double",
+        "Long",
+      ),
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Int32(1); 3]),
+        array(vec![Value::Bool(false); 3]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Int,
+        "Integer",
+        "Boolean",
+      ),
+    ] {
+      let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![left, right]);
+      let original = stack.clone();
+      assert!(matches!(
+        cross_func(&mut stack, num_type, 24),
+        Err(VMError::TypeMismatch { ip: 24, expected: actual_expected, found: actual_found })
+          if actual_expected == expected && actual_found == found
+      ));
+      assert_eq!(stack, original);
+    }
+  }
+  #[test]
+  fn unsupported_directive_reports_unknown_without_mutating_stack() {
+    let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![
+      array(vec![Value::Int32(1); 3]),
+      array(vec![Value::Int32(1); 3]),
+    ]);
+    let original = stack.clone();
+    assert!(matches!(
+      cross_func(&mut stack, PrimitiveTypes::Str, 25),
+      Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
+        ip: 25,
+        found: "unknown",
+        ..
+      })
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(stack, original);
+  }
+  #[test]
   fn validates_elements_and_directives() {
     assert!(
       cross_values(
diff --git a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/dot_func.rs b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/dot_func.rs
index bd6c348a..b459552b 100644
--- a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/dot_func.rs
+++ b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/dot_func.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,20 @@ pub fn dot_values(
     });
   }
   for value in arr_a.iter().chain(arr_b.iter()) {
-    if !value.is_number() {
+    let is_valid = match num_type {
+      PrimitiveTypes::Sht | PrimitiveTypes::Int | PrimitiveTypes::Lng | PrimitiveTypes::Oct => {
+        matches!(
+          value,
+          Value::Int16(_) | Value::Int32(_) | Value::Int64(_) | Value::Int128(_)
+        )
+      }
+      PrimitiveTypes::Hlf | PrimitiveTypes::Flt | PrimitiveTypes::Dbl => matches!(
+        value,
+        Value::Float16(_) | Value::Float32(_) | Value::Float64(_)
+      ),
+      _ => true,
+    };
+    if !is_valid {
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
@@ -63,7 +76,7 @@ pub fn dot_values(
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
-        found: num_type.directive(),
+        found: "unknown",
       });
     }
   })
@@ -101,6 +114,58 @@ mod tests {
     assert_eq!(stack, original);
   }
   #[test]
+  fn rejects_mismatched_numeric_families_without_mutating_stack() {
+    for (left, right, num_type, expected, found) in [
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Int32(1)]),
+        array(vec![Value::Float32(1.0)]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Int,
+        "Integer",
+        "Float",
+      ),
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Float64(1.0)]),
+        array(vec![Value::Int64(1)]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Dbl,
+        "Double",
+        "Long",
+      ),
+      (
+        array(vec![Value::Int32(1)]),
+        array(vec![Value::Bool(false)]),
+        PrimitiveTypes::Int,
+        "Integer",
+        "Boolean",
+      ),
+    ] {
+      let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![left, right]);
+      let original = stack.clone();
+      assert!(matches!(
+        dot_func(&mut stack, num_type, 24),
+        Err(VMError::TypeMismatch { ip: 24, expected: actual_expected, found: actual_found })
+          if actual_expected == expected && actual_found == found
+      ));
+      assert_eq!(stack, original);
+    }
+  }
+  #[test]
+  fn unsupported_directive_reports_unknown_without_mutating_stack() {
+    let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![
+      array(vec![Value::Int32(1)]),
+      array(vec![Value::Int32(1)]),
+    ]);
+    let original = stack.clone();
+    assert!(matches!(
+      dot_func(&mut stack, PrimitiveTypes::Str, 25),
+      Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
+        ip: 25,
+        found: "unknown",
+        ..
+      })
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(stack, original);
+  }
+  #[test]
   fn validates_elements_and_directives() {
     assert!(
       dot_values(
diff --git a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/normalize_func.rs b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/normalize_func.rs
index 14135330..b42d1064 100644
--- a/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/normalize_func.rs
+++ b/rust/src/instructions/math/vector/normalize_func.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ pub fn normalize_values(
     found: get_type_name(value.clone()),
   })?;
   for value in values.iter() {
-    if !value.is_number() {
+    if !matches!(
+      value,
+      Value::Float16(_) | Value::Float32(_) | Value::Float64(_)
+    ) {
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::Float),
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn normalize_values(
       return Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
         ip,
         expected: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::Float),
-        found: expected_type(num_type, ExpectedCategory::All),
+        found: "unknown",
       });
     }
   })
@@ -97,19 +100,34 @@ mod tests {
   }
   #[test]
   fn rejects_invalid_operands_without_mutating_stack() {
-    for value in [Value::Bool(false), array(vec![Value::Bool(false)])] {
+    for (value, found) in [
+      (Value::Bool(false), "Boolean"),
+      (array(vec![Value::Bool(false)]), "Boolean"),
+      (array(vec![Value::Int32(1)]), "Integer"),
+    ] {
       let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![value]);
       let original = stack.clone();
       assert!(matches!(
         normalize_func(&mut stack, PrimitiveTypes::Flt, 17),
-        Err(VMError::TypeMismatch { ip: 17, .. })
+        Err(VMError::TypeMismatch { ip: 17, expected: "Float", found: actual })
+          if actual == found
       ));
       assert_eq!(stack, original);
     }
+  }
+  #[test]
+  fn unsupported_directive_reports_unknown_without_mutating_stack() {
+    let mut stack = Stack::from_vec(vec![array(vec![Value::Float32(1.0)])]);
+    let original = stack.clone();
     assert!(matches!(
-      normalize_values(array(vec![Value::Float32(1.0)]), PrimitiveTypes::Int, 18),
-      Err(VMError::TypeMismatch { ip: 18, .. })
+      normalize_func(&mut stack, PrimitiveTypes::Int, 18),
+      Err(VMError::TypeMismatch {
+        ip: 18,
+        found: "unknown",
+        ..
+      })
     ));
+    assert_eq!(stack, original);
   }
   #[test]
   fn rejects_missing_operand() {