EMW100R (Everflourish \ COTECH \ CO/TECH \ SMJ) codes not able to be scanned

[frownbreaker]

I've used the RCSwitch lib to build many projects using 433mHz transmitters all working fine. Great library! I've a couple of remotes that I could never get to work: The receive demo had no output :(

At first, I thought these units used another frequency like 315mHz but when I opened one of them it was a 433mHz transmitter. So I think it might be the encoding/chipset being used.

The remote uses EMW100R board and looks like the one in this blog (scroll down for the insides of the remote)

Blog post for photos of insides of remote
http://kinavara.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/remote-control-power-shitch.html

I saw this post that has this transmitter's code documented Code for EMW100R if this helps?
https://github.com/chrols/emw100

Is there any example code I could use in a receiver for transmissions from an EMW100R based transmitter? Of course, my hope would be to use the captured codes to transmit compatible codes.

[Martin-Laclaustra]

Looking at your links, it seems possible to use rcswitch, and at least it is worth trying.
Capture your codes with this:
https://github.com/sui77/SimpleRcScanner
Post the timings here (not the image)

Please keep the button pressed enough time to allow several repeats of the signal in your capture.

[frownbreaker]

Thanks for the help. I'm not sure what all the numbers mean. Are they the duration of the signal when its high then low in milliseconds?

Anyway, I got data and the normal RFSWITCH advanced receiver demo that I normally use to "capture" 433RF codes would not produce any data for this remote, this app seems to detect things! Which is progress, many thanks! Not sure what to do next assume some analysis to work out the encoding being used, and perhaps some code to reproduce this scanned signal? Though I'm clueless about how to do this! I suppose some code to modulate the output of a 433mHz transmitter using these numbers would also work as a sort of "capture/playback" approach? Is there a program that will take the numbers and convert them into a string of 1s and 0s? I could then use the set the pulselength and send the code. I tried the spreadsheet but had no joy (ODS loaded into Excel)

I connected the data pin of the 433mHz receiver to Pin2 of an Arduino Uno and VCC / GND of the receiver to the 5V / GND (It's a 5-12v tolerant board)

At first, I ran the program and was shocked to get output even when I did not press any buttons! Then I looked at the sketch code and saw that this scanner counts down, reads the data coming in and outputs it before terminating. I also reread your comment "Please keep the button pressed enough time to allow several repeats of the signal in your capture."

I ran the program and pressed the button when the countdown got to 2 and held the button down until the output on the serial port had stopped. During this time the red LED on the remote was flickering and the remote was within a few cms of the receiver.

When I did this I got a bunch of numbers. Each time it looked very different when I looked at the numbers. I tried putting the numbers in the spreadsheet but nothing seemed to happen (I was using Excel to open the ODS file) but I clicked the DEMO button on the GitHub page, entered the numbers on the link to the demo page here http://test.sui.li/oszi/ and the online tool generated a waveform. I pasted in the second set of numbers which looked different as did the waveform. I noticed a "silent" part of the waveform and used the horizontal scroll bar to align the waveform start and graticule (scale markings) and voila the waveforms appeared to match! I added a third set of serial captures and then 3 more for the second button on the remote.

This is the output Capture 1-3 are the First OFF button and 4-6 the First ON button on the top of the remote.

I used the viewer here http://test.sui.li/oszi/ and although the numbers looked different I could align the waveform that the web page generated using the numbers from the serial captures. The graphs are REVERSE order as each new code posted at the web site appears at the top. So the top 3 traces are samples 6,5,4. Not sure how to convert the waveforms into binary. Looking at the code here there is a suggested structure for the payload

1. Intro [80 bits] Seems different perhaps they change the Intro for each manufacture; mine is branded SMJ
2. +ID [27 bits] Not checked; assume its the same like command the Intro ensure no crosstalk between brands
3. +Command [22 bits]Checked, see below: Seems to match?!

From documentation here https://github.com/chrols/emw100 and code here https://github.com/chrols/emw100/blob/master/EMW100.py

According to the documentation all the data intro, ID should be the same except for the last 22 bits which are the Command. The command is 22 bits long:

• Switch On: 0100101001010010100101
• Switch Off: 0101001010010100101001

Not sure if I've transcipted the state transtions correctly but they seem to match? I've assumed ASK as outlined here https://dronebotworkshop.com/433mhz-rf-modules-arduino/

I had one scan where the waveform that the web page generated using the numbers looked odd, I discarded the data and rescanned this scan looked like the previous scans, perhaps it was some interference.

Serial Capture #1

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
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Reset your Arduino to scan again...

Serial Capture #2

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
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Reset your Arduino to scan again...

Serial Capture #3

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
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Reset your Arduino to scan again...

Serial Capture #4

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
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Reset your Arduino to scan again...

Serial Capture #5

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
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Reset your Arduino to scan again...

Serial Capture #6

5... 4... 3... 2... 1... 
1192,608,616,604,1192,608,616,604,1192,604,1216,608,608,604,620,604,1192,604,616,604,1196,604,1216,604,608,604,1216,604,612,600,1216,608,608,600,1220,604,608,604,1216,604,608,604,16740,676,544,664,548,656,564,648,568,648,1172,644,568,644,1180,636,576,636,1188,632,584,628,1188,632,584,628,1192,628,584,628,1196,624,588,624,600,620,1176,620,604,616,1184,616,604,616,1180,616,608,616,1184,612,1204,616,600,612,1208,612,600,612,612,608,1192,608,612,608,1192,604,616,608,1188,608,620,604,1188,608,1216,604,608,604,620,604,1192,604,616,604,1192,608,1216,604,608,604,1216,604,612,600,1220,600,612,600,1216,604,612,600,1224,600,608,604,16736,680,532,676,540,664,556,652,564,648,1176,644,572,640,1180,636,576,636,1188,632,580,632,1188,632,584,628,1192,628,584,624,1196,624,592,620,604,620,1176,620,604,616,1180,620,608,612,1184,612,612,612,1180,616,1208,612,604,608,1212,608,604,608,616,608,1188,612,612,608,1188,608,620,604,1188,608,616,604,1192,608,1212,608,608,604,616,604,1196,604,620,600,1196,604,1216,604,612,600,1216,604,608,604,1220,600,612,600,1220,600,612,604,1216,604,608,604,16736,684,532,672,548,656,560,652,564,648,1172,648,568,640,1180,640,576,636,1184,636,580,632,1188,632,580,632,1192,628,588,620,1196,624,592,620,604,620,1176,620,604,620,1176,620,608,612,1184,616,604,616,1184,612,1212,608,604,608,1208,616,600,612,612,608,1188,612,612,608,1188,608,616,608,1192,604,616,608,1192,604,1216,604,608,604,620,604,1192,604,620,604,1196,600,1220,600,612,600,1216,608,608,604,1216,608,604,604,1216,604,612,600,1220,600,612,604,16736,680,536,668,548,660,556,652,568,644,1176,644,572,640,1180,640,576,636,1184,632,584,632,1188,628,584,628,1196,624,588,624,1196,624,592,620,604,616,1180,620,608,612,1180,620,604,616,1184,616,608,612,1184,612,1208,612,604,608,1208,612,604,608,616,608,1188,612,612,608,1192,604,616,608,1188,608,616,608,1192,604,1212,608,608,604,616,608,1192,604,620,600,1196,604,1216,604,612,600,1216,604,608,604,1216,604,612,604,1216,604,608,604,1216,604,612,600,16740,676,536,668,548,660,560,648,568,648,1172,644,572,640,1180,640,576,636,1184,636,584,628,1188,632,584,628,1192,624,588,628,1192,624,592,620,
Reset your Arduino to scan again...

[Martin-Laclaustra]

Are they the duration of the signal when its high then low in milliseconds?

yes

I've assumed ASK

It is ASK, in particular OOK, with RZ line coding. So you are interpreting more bits that there really are. You need up+down for each bit.

I suppose some code to modulate the output of a 433mHz transmitter using these numbers would also work as a sort of "capture/playback" approach?

For resending the captured signal, as a last resort, check #170 and #163 (comment)

Is there a program that will take the numbers and convert them into a string of 1s and 0s?

I wrote a branch of this library that does this, but for coding that allocate the same duration to 1s and 0s, which is not your case. So it must be done manually.

Your signal has 1 sync bit + 52 data bits (check this repository's wiki). That is quite a long train of pulses and you will need to modify the source code of the library (cpp + h files) to hold the data (currently it uses a 32-bits int, you need a 64-bits one) for both, sending and receiving. I have written about it in other issues. Please search for it. Its fairly doable.

Now, your signal:
The basic unit of time, called pulselength in the library, is 605 ms for you. I just sorted your numbers, averaged each cluster and assumed simple natural number ratios between them. These ratios were 1, 2, and 28 for your device. Data bits are paired (on-off) with timings (1,1) and (1,2). Lets assume them as 1s and 0s respectively. This is arbitrary and we could have assigned them the other way round. Just stick to this decision when decoding your signal.
According to that, your protocol should look like this:
{ 605, { 1, 28 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 }, false }

Finally, your codes. Read them from the gap and discard the last bit (it is the sync bit of the next train). I interpreted the first one for you:
1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110
Its: 4315972465486182 decimal.
(Some of the repeats were not equal. Check all repeats and try which ones work)

[frownbreaker]

Thanks for such a complete reply! An pointing out my mistake in not counting bits correctly! I've read your reply carefully and am trying to do what you have suggested. I sorted the numbers from the samples and saw a few big ones >16000. You noted the whole number multiples in the data were 1,2 and 28. If I've understood that's three types of data

1. "Synch" Signal
2. "1" Signal
3. "0" Signal

Each represented by whole number multiple of the pulse length of 605 µs. I think that I got milliseconds (ms) wrong it should be microseconds (µs) as 605ms is more than half a second!

1. "Synch" represented as 1 high of 605µs and a Low of 28* 605µs = 16,940µs. That initial High is why you asked me to discard the last bit of data before the long silence. That single high followed by 28 lows is what bound each "cluster" of numbers. Any noise, transmissions during this quiet phase will interupt the synch signal and the reciver will wait for the retrainsmission. In the picture, most of the "Synch" signal is "silence" (no RF transmission) seen as long gaps on the trace. It is used to synchronise between data transmissions. I looked for the first long silence, or more correctly the second part of the synch bit and did not consider data in the sample before this as it was the tail end of the previous transmission plus the first partof the synch data.
2. "1" represented by a Low to High of 605 µs to Low = 1 * 605 µs transmission
3. "0" represented by a Low to High of 605 µs to Low = 2* 605 µs = 1210 µs transmission

"According to that, your protocol should look like this: { 605, { 1, 28 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 }, false }"
So

1. 605 represents the pulselength in microseconds
2. { 1, 28 } represents the high and low multiple of the pulses that represent a synch
3. { 1, 2 } the high and low multiple of the pulses that represent a zero
4. { 1, 1 } the high and low multiple of the pulses that reprent a one

What does the "false" mean?

[frownbreaker]

I pasted the data into a spreadsheet and get the same number (except) for result No.1 which I'll disregard
The other results from the data are binary for 4315972465486182 which is the same result you got!

1. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100110101010 (Suspect)
2. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110 (Match)
3. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110 (Match)
4. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110 (Match)
5. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110 (Match)

Looking at sample 4 which is the OFF command..

1. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101010101
2. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101010101
3. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101010101
4. 1111010101010101101010100101101010100110100101100110 (Look's like I pressed ON)

1-3 are 4315972465486165 in decimal

So now I have my One and Off codes sampled - Many thanks!

I could upload the spreadsheet I used to decode the data somewhere on github might help someone?

Summary of Spreadsheet Approach used

1. Paste capture serial data into Sheet
2. Text to Column, comma delimited
3. Copy paste generated row of timing data (Transposed to column) -Column D in the example below
4. Mask out items before first and last >16000 values
5. Label Timings as high and low (Column E) in the example below
6. Used threshold logic which evaluates to "0","1" or "" and only rendered 1 or 1 on the Low transition as this is a zero crossing encoding =IF(AND(E51="L",D51>1000),"0",IF(AND(E51="L",D51<700),"1",""))
7. Copy the generated bits including spaces
8. Paste Values, Transpose, Skip blanks
9. Copy resulting row of 1's and 0's into Notepad++
10. Strip tabs to get binary number

[frownbreaker]

Your signal has 1 sync bit + 52 data bits (check this repository's wiki). That is quite a long train of pulses and you will need to modify the source code of the library (cpp + h files) to hold the data (currently it uses a 32-bits int, you need a 64-bits one) for both, sending and receiving. I have written about it in other issues. Please search for it. Its fairly doable

Ok, now I'm armed with my 2 integers (4315972465486165 and 4315972465486182) that represent the 52-bit data to send for on and off. I need to modify the library to use 64-bit int rather than 32-bit. I could create a send64 command so the name does not clash with the existing 32bit send function?

I know I can set the pulse length to 605 µs assume no code change for this? I've used the rcswitch library before (e.g. https://github.com/frownbreaker/WebRFGateway) but not modified the library. How best to approach the implementation of

1 sync bit + 52 data bits (assume the 64-bit int will cover that)
It is ASK, in particular, OOK, with RZ line coding. (Is this one of the supported protocols?)

[Martin-Laclaustra]

at

rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp

Line 82 in a9da9c3

{ 150, { 2, 62 }, { 1, 6 }, { 6, 1 }, false } // protocol 7 (HS2303-PT, i. e. used in AUKEY Remote)

replace or add your protocol:
{ 605, { 1, 28 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 }, false }

The size must be changed at:

rc-switch/RCSwitch.h

Line 61 in a9da9c3

#define RCSWITCH_MAX_CHANGES 67

(calculate to accommodate 64 bits)

rc-switch/RCSwitch.h

Line 80 in a9da9c3

void send(unsigned long code, unsigned int length);

rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp

Line 487 in a9da9c3

void RCSwitch::send(unsigned long code, unsigned int length) {

rc-switch/RCSwitch.h

Line 90 in a9da9c3

unsigned long getReceivedValue();

rc-switch/RCSwitch.h

Line 170 in a9da9c3

volatile static unsigned long nReceivedValue;

rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp

Line 573 in a9da9c3

unsigned long RCSwitch::getReceivedValue() {

rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp

Line 609 in a9da9c3

unsigned long code = 0;

rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp

Line 90 in a9da9c3

volatile unsigned long RCSwitch::nReceivedValue = 0;

I think I did not miss any of them. This was only a quick review of the code...
Changing these to long long (depending on the platform) would enable both, sending and receiving.

[frownbreaker]

Great that's perfect. I'll copy the code locally and see what happens. Once it is in any shape I'll test and upload my modified code to a new Github Repo for review/comment.

Thanks again for your help, support and patience helping me with this concern. Appreciated.

• { 605, { 1, 28 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 }, false }✓
• "1 sync bit + 52" =53 bits, "You need up+down for each bit." = 2 state changes per bit = Low to high, high to low = 2* 53 =106 #define RCSWITCH_MAX_CHANGES 106 ✓
• "(calculate to accommodate 64 bits)" void send(unsigned long long code, unsigned int length);Guaranteed by the C standard (ISO C99) to be at least 64 bits✓
• void RCSwitch::send(unsigned long long code, unsigned int length) { ✓
• unsigned long long getReceivedValue();✓
• static unsigned long long nReceivedValue;✓ This was line 142 in RCSwitch.h not line 170
• unsigned long long RCSwitch::getReceivedValue() {✓
• unsigned long long code = 0;✓
• unsigned long long RCSwitch::nReceivedValue = 0;✓

[frownbreaker]

I've uploaded my changes here https://github.com/frownbreaker/rc-switch
The only changes are rc-switch/RCSwitch.h, and rc-switch/RCSwitch.cpp some sucess recived codes one of the manually decoded codes matches, its possible the other one had a mistake / error. I ran the first reception test with a crystal based reciver WL101-341/331. I also retested with a cheaper one receiver

Testing Reception

ReceiveDemo_Advanced

(No Output) When I run the example ReceiveDemo_Advanced it receives protocol1 but not my new protocol 7 (no output)

ReceiveDemo_Simple

(needed minor to print some output only one number matches manual decode)
If I compile the example ReceiveDemo_Simple Serial.print conversion is flagged as ambiguous. I tried Serial.print(static_cast< long long >(mySwitch.getReceivedValue()) ); but that would not compile though Serial.print(static_cast< long >(mySwitch.getReceivedValue()) ); does. I put in some code to provide the output.

Sample output

Comments using Remote that I want to capture / transmit with the value output 4315972465486165 matches the manual calculation but the 4315972465486250 does not.

Data from WL101-341/331 receiver 
Received 4315972465486250 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 1 ON
Received 4315972465486165 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 1 OFF (Matches Manual Calc!)
Received 4315972465432234 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 2 ON
Received 4315972465432149 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 2 OFF
Received 4315972465239466 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 3 ON
Received 4315972465239381 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 3 OFF
Received 4315972465157546 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 4 ON
Received 4315972465157461 / 52bit Protocol: 7 Button 4 OFF
Data from second cheaper receiver (seems to match the previos reception tests)...
Received 4315972465486250 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465486165 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465432234 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465432149 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465239466 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465239381 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465239466 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465157546 / 52bit Protocol: 7
Received 4315972465157461 / 52bit Protocol: 7

Modifed ReceiveDemo_Simple

#include <RCSwitch.h>
RCSwitch mySwitch = RCSwitch();

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  mySwitch.enableReceive(0);  // Receiver on interrupt 0 => that is pin #2
}

void loop() {
  if (mySwitch.available()) {   
    int value = mySwitch.getReceivedValue();   
    if (value == 0) {
      Serial.print("Unknown encoding");
    } else {
/*   Serial.print("Received (Cast long) ");
      Serial.print(static_cast<  long >(mySwitch.getReceivedValue()) );
*/   Serial.print("Received ");
      uint64_t xx = mySwitch.getReceivedValue()/1000000000ULL;
      if (xx >0) Serial.print((long)xx);
      Serial.print((long)(mySwitch.getReceivedValue() - xx*1000000000));
      Serial.print(" / ");
      Serial.print( mySwitch.getReceivedBitlength() );
      Serial.print("bit ");
      Serial.print("Protocol: ");
      Serial.println( mySwitch.getReceivedProtocol() );
    }
    mySwitch.resetAvailable();
  }
}

[frownbreaker]

Send Test

No luck with the send code. The receiver does not respond even standing next to the receiver.

Code from Send test

#include <RCSwitch.h>
RCSwitch mySwitch = RCSwitch();
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
   // Transmitter is connected to Arduino Pin #10  
  mySwitch.enableTransmit(10); 
}

void loop() {
  mySwitch.setProtocol(1); // Test with working receiver just to validate Transmitter is working
  mySwitch.setPulseLength(175);
  mySwitch.setRepeatTransmit(7);
  mySwitch.send("010001010001010111001100");
  delay(2000);
  // Test code for new protocol 7
  mySwitch.setPulseLength(605);
  mySwitch.setProtocol(7);
  mySwitch.setRepeatTransmit(7);
  mySwitch.send(4315972465486250 ,53);
  delay(20000);
  mySwitch.send(4315972465486165 ,53);   
}

[Martin-Laclaustra]

Change:
mySwitch.send(4315972465486250 ,52);

If that correction does not solve the problem, the following procedure might help:

1. Run your code to produce your "synthetic" codes and record them with SimpleRcScanner.
2. Compare the recordings of the "native" signal with those of the "synthetic" one.

Surely you will be able to spot why it does not work.

NOTE: @sui77 I think the procedure in the discussion of this issue should be abstracted into the wiki.
@frownbreaker Maybe you could write a page with a summary into this repository's wiki? (or two, one for decoding new remotes and another for adapting rcswitch for remotes with long codes).

[frownbreaker]

Many thanks, that helped! I forgot the Sych bit is covered by the library

I wrote a programme to toggle the switch on and off every 20 seconds the OFF command works so I'll use your procedure of comparing the original signal to the synthetic one to tweak things. The receiver for this remote controls the Pond fountain outside, so testing may take longer than normal ;)

Regarding your suggestion for the wiki, I've added the 2 section under background info
https://github.com/sui77/rc-switch/wiki comments welcome!