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BaSH Notes

Main Commands

Command Description Example
clear Clear terminal clear
history Show history history
pwd Show working directory pwd
cd Change directory cd <directory>
cd Change directory to a multilevel path cd <directory>/<sub_directory>
cd Change directory to your home directory cd ~
cd Change directory to the parent directory cd ..
ls List directories and files ls <directory>
ls List all directories and files (even hidden) ls -a
ls List directories and files recursively ls -R
ls Show more information for ls ls -lt
mkdir Create directory mkdir <directory>
touch Create file touch <file>
echo Write in file (overwrite) echo "<text>" > <file>
echo Write in file (append) echo "<text>" >> <file>
cat Show content of a file cat <file>
cat Show content of multiple files cat <file1> <file2>
head Show the first 10 lines head <file>
tail Show the last 10 lines tail <file>
cp Copy file cp <file_source> <file_destination>
cp Copy directory cp -R <directory_source> <directory_destination>
mv Move file mv <file_source> <file_destination>
rm Remove file rm <file>
rm Remove multiple files rm <file1> <file2>
rm Remove directory and its content rm -R <directory>
rmdir Remove empty di# rectory rmdir <directory>
code Open file in VSCode code <file>
code Open current directory in VSCode code .

Help

Use --help to see more information.

<command> --help

<command> is the name of the command you want to see more information about.

Note

Using Linux or MacOS? You can also use man <command> to see the manual page of this command.

Navigating

Change directory

Use cd to move to the named directory.

cd <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to move to.

Change directory to your home directory

cd ~

Change directory to the parent directory

cd ..

Change directory to a multilevel directory

cd <directory>/<sub_directory>

<directory>/<sub_directory> is the path of the sub directory you want to move to.

List directories and files

Use ls to list directories and files in the current directory.

ls <options> <directory>

<options> and <directory> are optional.

List all directories and files in the current directory

ls -a

List directories and files recursively

Use ls -R to list directories and files in the current directory and its subdirectories.

ls -R

Show more information for ls

ls -lt

Show working directory

Use pwd to show the current working directory.

pwd

Go to another directory but keep the current working directory in cache

Use pushd to go to an other directory but keep the current working directory in cache. Use popd to return to the current working directory.

pushd <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to go to.

popd

Directory operations

Create directory

Use mkdir to create a new directory.

Tip

mkdir -v will print the name of each created directory.

mkdir <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to create.

Create a multilevel directory

mkdir <directory1>/<directory2>

<directory1>/<directory2> is the path of the sub directory you want to create.

Create a multiple directory

mkdir <directory1> <directory2> ...

<directory1> <directory2> ... are the names of the directories you want to create.

Copy directory

Use cp -R to copy a directory.

cp acts like a copy/paste.

Tip

cp -R -v will print the name of each copied directory.

cp -R <directory_source> <directory_destination>

<directory_source> is the name of the directory you want to copy. <directory_destination> is the name of the directory you want to copy to. -R is used to copy a directory recursively.

Move directory

Use mv to move a directory.

mv acts like a cut/paste.

Tip

mv -v will print the name of each moved directory.

mv <directory_source> <directory_destination>

<directory_source> is the name of the directory you want to move. <directory_destination> is the name of the directory you want to move to.

Rename directory

Use mv to rename a directory.

Tip

mv -v will print the name of each renamed directory.

mv <directory_name> <directory_new_name>

<directory_name> is the name of the directory you want to rename. <directory_new_name> is the new name of the directory.

Delete directory

Use rm to delete a directory.

Tip

rm -v will print the name of each deleted directory.

Delete an empty directory

Use rmdir to delete an empty directory.

rmdir <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to delete.

Delete a directory recursively

Warning

Pay attention that rm -R will delete all the files and subdirectories in the directory.

rm -R <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to delete.

File operations

Create file

Use touch to create a new file.

touch <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to create.

Create multiple files

If you want to create multiple files, use touch <file1> <file2> ...

touch <file1> <file2> ...

<file1> <file2> ... are the names of the files you want to create.

Write in a file

Use echo to write in a file.

echo "<text>" > <file>

<text> is the text you want to write in the file. <file> is the name of the file you want to write in.

Warning

> will overwrite the content of the file.

Write multiple lines in a file

echo "<text1>\n<text2>" > <file>

<text1> and <text2> are the text you want to write in the file. \n is used to add a new line. <file> is the name of the file you want to write in.

Write without overwriting the content of the file

echo "<text>" >> <file>

<text> is the text you want to write in the file. <file> is the name of the file you want to write in.

Show file content

Use cat to show the content of a file.

cat <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to show.

Show only the 10 first lines of a file

head <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to show.

Show only the 10 last lines of a file

tail <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to show.

Copy file

Use cp to copy a file.

Tip

cp -v will print the name of each copied file.

cp <file_source> <file_destination>

<file_source> is the name of the file you want to copy. <file_destination> is the name of the file you want to copy to.

Move file

Use mv to move a file.

Tip

mv -v will print the name of each moved file.

mv <file_source> <file_destination>

<file_source> is the name of the file you want to move. <file_destination> is the name of the file you want to move to.

Move all the files with the same extension

mv *.<file_extension>

<file_extension> is the extension of the files you want to move.

Rename file

Use mv to rename a file.

Tip

mv -v will print the name of each renamed file.

mv <file_name> <file_new_name>

<file_name> is the name of the file you want to rename. <file_new_name> is the new name of the file.

Delete file

Use rm to delete a file.

Tip

rm -v will print the name of each deleted file.

rm <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to delete.

Delete multiple files

rm <file1> <file2> ...

<file1> <file2> ... are the names of the files you want to delete.