From faf6d12a11692940dbbfde107b5c4f665f69ae03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 16:01:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 01/19] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20permissionless=20multi-asset=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20create,=20mint,=20send,=20receive=20custom=20tokens?= =?UTF-8?q?=20(#192)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * feat: permissionless multi-asset — asset_id plumbing, circuit extension, API endpoints Add asset_id as a first-class concept throughout the protocol: - Types: AssetId type alias, NATIVE_ASSET_ID, calculate_asset_id(), asset_id field on Coin/CoinTemplate/Invoice/ProofData - Circuit: N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS 16→20, transition_asset_id extracted from PIs[16..20], source asset_id equality gate in the in-coin loop, out-coin identifier derivation extended to H(interim_asth || asset_id || slot_index) - Prover: asset_id parameter threaded through all prove_* functions - Node: Account.balances BTreeMap for per-asset tracking, asset CRUD in db.rs, POST /api/asset/create + GET /api/asset/list + GET /api/asset/info/:id endpoints, multi_asset capability flag - Schema: migration 0015_multi_asset.sql creates assets table (no name UNIQUE per issue #191 design) Closes #191 * fix: add multi_asset capability to api_remote integration test Thread the new multi_asset capability flag through the fetch_capabilities helper and the force-disable match arm. * fix: address logic-reviewer findings — wire asset_id through flows, add mixed-asset rejection - Account.balances is now updated in send_coins_inner after prove - flow.rs parses request.asset_id instead of hardcoding NATIVE_ASSET_ID - Off-circuit mixed-asset pre-check rejects mismatched asset_ids - multi_asset capability set to false until endpoints are wired - Stale aggregator PI count comment corrected (204 → 236) - Negative test: send_coins_rejects_mixed_asset_invoices * docs: correct stale aggregator PI layout comment (17→21 per slot) * fix: resolve clippy type_complexity in asset DB queries Use sqlx::FromRow derive on AssetRow instead of raw tuple decoding. * fix: add assets table to connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables assertion * test: add same_name_different_creator negative test (issue #191) * refactor: defer asset-registration layer; keep additive circuit plumbing The 100% line+function coverage gate (node package) failed because the asset-registration surface added earlier had no production callers: the create/list/info handlers were 501/empty/404 stubs that never reached the DB CRUD, and get_asset_balances / Account.balances were write-only. Covering dead code (or shipping unwired endpoints) is the wrong fix. Multi-asset is an ADDITIVE extension over the existing off-circuit mint path, not a new public CRUD API. Per the node trust model send/receive stay trustless and asset support rides the same mint/send transition, so no asset-registry endpoint is required for the MVP. Removed (deferred to a follow-up built lockstep with the wallet app): - /api/asset/{create,list,info} handlers + routes - CreateAssetRequest / AssetResponse / AssetListResponse DTOs - db::insert_asset / get_asset / list_assets + AssetRow - migration 0015_multi_asset.sql (assets table) - AssetBalance + BalanceResponse.balances, Account.balances, get_asset_balances - openapi component registrations for the above Kept (additive, exercised end-to-end): - asset_id on Coin / Invoice / CoinTemplate / ProofData - calculate_asset_id / NATIVE_ASSET_ID / ASSET_GENESIS_DOMAIN_TAG - mixed-asset rejection in send_coins_inner (both in-coin branches) - MintRequest.asset_id / SendCoinRequest.asset_id wired through mint/send Hardening (no silent fallbacks): asset_id hex parsing in mint_flow / send_flow no longer defaults a present-but-malformed value to native. An absent field selects native; a present invalid or wrong-length value is a hard 422. Adds parse_optional_asset_id. Tests: add send_coins_rejects_queued_coin_with_foreign_asset (covers the coin_queue branch of the asset guard); fix warmup_prover formatting so the prove_initial `?` stays line-covered; restore connect_and_migrate expected-table list to the post-0014 schema. * test: drop assets table from connect_and_migrate assertion Reconciles the merged-in 4b8d907 (which added "assets" to the expected schema for migration 0015) with the registration-layer deferral: 0015 is removed, so the assets table is no longer created. Restore the expected list + comment to the post-0014 schema. * docs: make coverage gate + api_remote mandatory local pre-push gates Both jobs that most often go red after a push are now reproducible locally before pushing, turning a ~13 min red-CI round-trip into a local check: 1. Coverage gate — `cargo llvm-cov nextest ... --fail-under-lines 100 --fail-under-functions 100`, with the `--ignore-filename-regex` copied verbatim from .github/workflows/ci.yaml (node package, lines + functions). Verified locally: 442 tests, 100% lines + 100% functions. 2. api_remote (47 tests) against a local node pointed at public Mutinynet with an on-chain-funded publisher. Verified locally: 47/47. 39 are funding-free contract checks; the 8 mint/send/commit roundtrips broadcast real Taproot inscriptions and need the funded publisher (else "Failed to broadcast mint inscription on-chain"). Documents the env setup (~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env) and the faucet reality (faucet.mutinynet.com is an L402 Lightning paywall, not a simple address faucet — fund the publisher P2TR address out-of-band). --- CONTRIBUTING.md | 75 ++++- node/src/account_node.rs | 87 +++++- node/src/account_node_tests.rs | 256 ++++++++++++++++-- node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs | 14 +- node/src/flow.rs | 37 ++- node/src/router.rs | 8 + node/src/router_tests.rs | 6 + node/tests/api_remote.rs | 4 + program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs | 168 +++++++++--- .../src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs | 17 +- program-plonky2/src/types.rs | 129 +++++++-- script-plonky2/src/lib.rs | 35 ++- shared/src/lib.rs | 18 +- 13 files changed, 735 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-) diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index 892aa39f..dd548003 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -200,10 +200,77 @@ and the relevant `### Step N` section *in the same PR*. The repo-level pre-push hook (`.githooks/pre-push`) runs `cargo fmt --check`, `cargo clippy` (all three feature scopes), and `cargo -check --workspace --all-features` automatically. The full test + -coverage gate for `node` and `shared` runs in CI on the self-hosted -M3 Ultra runner pool — push and keep working, do not block the -terminal on the suite. +check --workspace --all-features` automatically. + +**Mandatory local gates — run BOTH green before every push.** These +reproduce the two CI jobs that most often go red after a push, so +verifying them locally first turns a ~13 min red-CI round-trip into a +local check. Both need a working Docker daemon (OrbStack/Colima) for +the per-test `postgres:17` testcontainer. + +**1. Coverage gate** (mirrors the `Tests + Coverage Gate` CI job — +100% lines + functions on the `node` package; the `--ignore-filename-regex` +is copied verbatim from `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`). One-time setup: +`cargo install cargo-llvm-cov` + `rustup component add llvm-tools-preview`. + +```bash +IS_MAINNET=false ESPLORA_URL=http://127.0.0.1:1/api \ +ESPLORA_WS_URL=ws://127.0.0.1:1/api/v1/ws \ +USERNAME_DOMAIN=test.zkcoins.local \ +PUBLISHER_KEY=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 \ +cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ + --ignore-filename-regex 'main\.rs|lib\.rs|publisher\.rs|runtime\.rs|scanner_runtime\.rs|scanner_ws\.rs|flow\.rs|job_dispatcher\.rs|_tests\.rs$|test_db\.rs$|bin/.*\.rs$|shared/src/.*\.rs$' \ + --fail-under-lines 100 --fail-under-functions 100 \ + --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' +``` + +`--fail-under-*` hard-fails on any gap (no silent degradation). The +first run recompiles the suite with `-C instrument-coverage`; `sccache` +(`RUSTC_WRAPPER=sccache`) makes repeats fast. + +**2. `api_remote` against public Mutinynet** (the deploy-dev API E2E +suite — 47 tests — run locally instead of waiting for deploy; catches +contract regressions like the #179 class before they ship). It needs a +local node pointed at public Mutinynet **with an on-chain-funded +publisher wallet** (the 8 mint/send/commit roundtrips broadcast real +Taproot inscriptions; the other 39 are funding-free contract checks). + +Keep the stable test config (incl. a long-lived publisher key to keep +funded) in `~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env` (git-ignored, signet +test-only): + +```bash +# ~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env +export IS_MAINNET=false +export NETWORK_NAME=Mutinynet +export ESPLORA_URL=https://mutinynet.com/api +export ESPLORA_WS_URL=wss://mutinynet.com/api/v1/ws +export USERNAME_DOMAIN=local.zkcoins.test +export PUBLISHER_KEY=<32-byte hex; its P2TR(signet) addr must hold Mutinynet UTXOs> +export DATABASE_URL=postgres://zkcoins:zkpw@127.0.0.1:5433/zkcoins +export PROOFS_DIR=/tmp/zkcoins-proofs +``` + +```bash +# one-time runtime Postgres for the node (separate from the test container): +docker run -d --name zkcoins-smoke-pg -p 5433:5432 \ + -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=zkpw -e POSTGRES_USER=zkcoins -e POSTGRES_DB=zkcoins postgres:17 + +# start the node, fund its publisher, run the suite: +source ~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env +ZKCOINS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP_WARMUP=1 ./target/release/node & # binds 0.0.0.0:4242 +curl -s localhost:4242/health/publisher # -> fund the printed P2TR address on Mutinynet +curl -s localhost:4242/health/ready # -> {"ready":true,...} once funded +ZKCOINS_API_URL=http://127.0.0.1:4242 \ + cargo nextest run -p node --release --all-features -E 'binary(api_remote)' # expect 47/47 +``` + +> **Funding note:** `faucet.mutinynet.com` is, despite older docs, an +> L402 Lightning paywall (`POST /api/onchain` requires a paid token; +> `POST /api/l402` issues a ~50-sat invoice). A self-signed NIP-98 +> token is rejected. Fund the publisher P2TR address out-of-band +> (existing Mutinynet wallet / pay the 50-sat L402 once) and keep the +> key in the env file so it stays funded across runs. When touching `program-plonky2/` specifically, also run the local sweep + coverage gate **before** opening / updating the PR — the diff --git a/node/src/account_node.rs b/node/src/account_node.rs index 901f02bd..ea9ab06a 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node.rs @@ -169,10 +169,9 @@ impl Account { let next_account_state_hash = next_account_state.hash(); let coins = coin_templates.into_iter().enumerate().map(|(i, template)| { - Coin::new( - template, - calculate_coin_identifier(next_account_state_hash, i as u32), - ) + let id = + calculate_coin_identifier(next_account_state_hash, template.asset_id, i as u32); + Coin::new(template, id) }); // Set the next public key. let _ = next_public_key.serialize(); @@ -375,6 +374,7 @@ impl AccountNode { identifier: ZERO_HASH, recipient: ZERO_HASH, amount: 0, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, } } @@ -459,7 +459,22 @@ impl AccountNode { return Err("Too many out-coins for one transition"); } - // Check if the account balance is enough + let transition_asset_id = invoices + .first() + .map(|i| i.asset_id) + .unwrap_or(*zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID); + + for cp in &account.coin_queue { + if cp.coin.asset_id != transition_asset_id { + return Err("Mixed assets in single transition"); + } + } + for inv in &invoices { + if inv.asset_id != transition_asset_id { + return Err("Mixed assets in single transition"); + } + } + let balance = account .coin_queue .iter() @@ -469,12 +484,13 @@ impl AccountNode { return Err("Insufficient funds"); } - // TODO: Copy this over to the client because they too have to check that the - // out_coins_tree is correct and only contains the coins from the invoices. - // Create the coin templates. let mut coin_templates = vec![]; - for invoice in invoices { - coin_templates.push(CoinTemplate::new(invoice.recipient, invoice.amount)); + for invoice in &invoices { + coin_templates.push(CoinTemplate::new( + invoice.recipient, + invoice.amount, + invoice.asset_id, + )); } let mut coin_history_proofs = vec![]; @@ -663,6 +679,7 @@ impl AccountNode { &out_coin_slots, &next_public_key_bytes, &sources, + transition_asset_id, ) .map_err(|_| "prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources failed")? } @@ -674,12 +691,15 @@ impl AccountNode { &out_coin_slots, &next_public_key_bytes, &sources, + transition_asset_id, ) .map_err(|_| "prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources failed")?, }; // Proof generation succeeded — commit the state changes. - account.coin_queue.clear(); + account + .coin_queue + .retain(|cp| cp.coin.asset_id != transition_asset_id); account.balance = balance - invoiced_amount; account.proof = Some(proof.clone()); // Bump the per-account send counter atomically with `proof`. @@ -861,8 +881,9 @@ impl AccountNode { *b = (7u8).wrapping_add(i as u8); } let warmup_account_state = AccountState::new(pk); + let asset_id = *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID; self.prover - .prove_initial(&warmup_account_state, ZERO_HASH)?; + .prove_initial(&warmup_account_state, ZERO_HASH, asset_id)?; Ok(()) } @@ -1153,7 +1174,11 @@ mod inline_tests { let account_address = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[3u8; 32]); let pk = dummy_secp_public_key(); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, recipient)], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], account_address, pk, pk, @@ -1170,7 +1195,11 @@ mod inline_tests { let recipient = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[5u8; 32]); let pk = dummy_secp_public_key(); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient)], + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], account_address, pk, pk, @@ -1187,6 +1216,30 @@ mod inline_tests { assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err(), "Minting account not created"); } + #[test] + fn send_coins_rejects_mixed_asset_invoices() { + let mut node = fresh_node(); + let account_address = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[4u8; 32]); + let mut account = Account::new(); + account.balance = 200; + node.import_account(account_address, account); + let recipient = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[5u8; 32]); + let pk = dummy_secp_public_key(); + let asset_a = zkcoins_program::hash::hash_bytes(b"asset-a"); + let asset_b = zkcoins_program::hash::hash_bytes(b"asset-b"); + let result = node.send_coins( + vec![ + Invoice::new(50, recipient, asset_a), + Invoice::new(50, recipient, asset_b), + ], + account_address, + pk, + pk, + None, + ); + assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err(), "Mixed assets in single transition"); + } + #[test] fn account_new_has_zero_balance_and_empty_queue() { let a = Account::new(); @@ -1297,7 +1350,11 @@ mod inline_tests { // The send_coins call must traverse the poisoned-lock recovery // path before hitting the "Unknown account address" guard. let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, recipient)], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], account_address, pk, pk, diff --git a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs index 23fa50fa..38741ca1 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl TestAccountData { // Plonky2 bridge: SP1's `proof.public_values: Vec` (bincode // blob) is replaced by `proof.public_inputs: Vec` (Goldilocks // field elements). The first - // `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS = 16` slots reconstruct `ProofData`. + // `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS = 20` slots reconstruct `ProofData`. let pis: [zkcoins_program::F; zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] = cp .proof @@ -146,8 +146,16 @@ fn test_wallet_operations() { assert!(node.get_account_balance(&account_2_data.address).is_err()); // Note: Invoices use addresses. - let account_2_invoice = Invoice::new(100, account_2_data.address); - let account_1_invoice = Invoice::new(100, account_1_data.address); + let account_2_invoice = Invoice::new( + 100, + account_2_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); + let account_1_invoice = Invoice::new( + 100, + account_1_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); let mut coin_proofs = minting_account_data .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![account_2_invoice, account_1_invoice]) @@ -289,7 +297,11 @@ fn test_mint_single_invoice() { ); let account_1_data = TestAccountData::new_generic(&[1u8; 32], Network::Signet); - let invoice = Invoice::new(100, account_1_data.address); + let invoice = Invoice::new( + 100, + account_1_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); let coin_proofs = minting_account_data .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![invoice]) @@ -317,7 +329,11 @@ fn test_receive_duplicate_coin_rejected() { ); let account_1_data = TestAccountData::new_generic(&[1u8; 32], Network::Signet); - let invoice = Invoice::new(100, account_1_data.address); + let invoice = Invoice::new( + 100, + account_1_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); let coin_proofs = minting_account_data .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![invoice]) @@ -365,7 +381,11 @@ fn test_receive_updates_balance() { ); let account_1_data = TestAccountData::new_generic(&[1u8; 32], Network::Signet); - let invoice = Invoice::new(250, account_1_data.address); + let invoice = Invoice::new( + 250, + account_1_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); // Balance should not exist before any receive assert!( @@ -423,7 +443,7 @@ fn test_mint_repro_live_setup() { ); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[1u8; 32]); - let invoice = Invoice::new(1, recipient); + let invoice = Invoice::new(1, recipient, *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID); let coin_proofs = minting_account_data .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![invoice]) @@ -588,7 +608,7 @@ fn test_send_coins_returns_err_for_unknown_account() { let account_data = TestAccountData::new_generic(&[1u8; 32], Network::Bitcoin); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[2u8; 32]); - let invoice = Invoice::new(1, recipient); + let invoice = Invoice::new(1, recipient, *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID); let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&account_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&account_data.xpriv, 1); @@ -611,7 +631,7 @@ fn test_send_coins_returns_err_insufficient_funds() { node.import_account(account_data.address, Account::new()); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[2u8; 32]); - let invoice = Invoice::new(100, recipient); + let invoice = Invoice::new(100, recipient, *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID); let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&account_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&account_data.xpriv, 1); @@ -645,7 +665,7 @@ fn test_receive_coin_rejects_invalid_inclusion_proof() { ); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[1u8; 32]); - let invoice = Invoice::new(100, recipient); + let invoice = Invoice::new(100, recipient, *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID); let mut coin_proofs = minting_account_data .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![invoice]) @@ -685,7 +705,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_twice_from_same_account_uses_update_account() { // First send: account.proof is None -> create_account branch. let coin_proofs_1 = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("first send should succeed"); state_arc .lock() @@ -702,7 +729,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_twice_from_same_account_uses_update_account() { // same account must therefore take the AccountUpdateProof branch // (update_account, not create_account). let coin_proofs_2 = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(50, recipient)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 50, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("second send should succeed (update_account path)"); assert_eq!(coin_proofs_2.len(), 1); @@ -770,7 +804,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_second_send_succeeds_without_prev_commitment_pubkey() { // branch (it's only consulted on the AccountUpdate branch, and // post-refactor not even there); pass None to make that explicit. let coin_proofs_1 = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("first send should succeed"); state_arc .lock() @@ -792,7 +833,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_second_send_succeeds_without_prev_commitment_pubkey() { let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&minting.xpriv, minting.num_pubkeys + 1); let coin_proofs_2 = node .send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(50, recipient)], + vec![Invoice::new( + 50, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], minting.address, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -827,7 +872,14 @@ fn test_receive_coin_rejects_replay_via_coin_history() { ); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[9u8; 32]); let coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(50, recipient)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 50, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .unwrap(); let coin_proof = coin_proofs[0].clone(); let coin_id = coin_proof.coin.identifier; @@ -895,7 +947,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_tampered_source_proof_inclusion() { // so the `inclusion_proof` returned in `CoinProof` is well-formed // by construction. let mut coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient_addr)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient_addr, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("mint send_coins"); state_arc .lock() @@ -934,7 +993,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_tampered_source_proof_inclusion() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_addr, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -970,7 +1033,13 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_too_many_invoices() { ); let invoices: Vec = (0..(MAX_OUT_COINS + 1) as u8) - .map(|i| Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[i; 32]))) + .map(|i| { + Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[i; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ) + }) .collect(); let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&minting.xpriv, minting.num_pubkeys); @@ -1007,7 +1076,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_too_many_coins_in_queue() { // One honest mint produces one valid CoinProof we can clone. let mut coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient_addr)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient_addr, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("mint send_coins"); state_arc .lock() @@ -1045,7 +1121,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_too_many_coins_in_queue() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_addr, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -1081,7 +1161,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_errors_when_state_lacks_commitment_for_in_coin() { let recipient_addr = recipient_data.address; let mut coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(75, recipient_addr)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 75, + recipient_addr, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("mint send_coins"); // Intentionally SKIP `state_arc.update(...)` — state never sees // the minting account's commitment, so get_merkle_proofs cannot @@ -1092,7 +1179,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_errors_when_state_lacks_commitment_for_in_coin() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_addr, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -1138,7 +1229,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_errors_when_state_lacks_commitment_for_prev_account_proof() { let recipient_addr = recipient_data.address; let mut coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(50, recipient_addr)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 50, + recipient_addr, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("mint send_coins"); state_arc .lock() @@ -1196,7 +1294,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_errors_when_state_lacks_commitment_for_prev_account_proof() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_addr, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -1227,7 +1329,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_coin_queue_entry_without_commitment() { ); let recipient: Address = digest_from_bytes(&[10u8; 32]); let coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(50, recipient)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 50, + recipient, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .unwrap(); let mut coin_proof = coin_proofs[0].clone(); // Strip the commitment so the next send attempt from the recipient @@ -1243,7 +1352,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_coin_queue_entry_without_commitment() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[11u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[11u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_data.address, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -1299,7 +1412,14 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_source_commitment_missing_from_history_mmr() { let recipient_addr = recipient_data.address; let mut coin_proofs = minting - .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![Invoice::new(100, recipient_addr)]) + .execute_send_coins( + &mut node, + vec![Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient_addr, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], + ) .expect("mint send_coins"); state_arc .lock() @@ -1329,7 +1449,11 @@ fn test_send_coins_rejects_source_commitment_missing_from_history_mmr() { let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); let result = node.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(1, digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]))], + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[99u8; 32]), + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], recipient_addr, current_pk, next_pk, @@ -1401,7 +1525,11 @@ fn history_row_to_item_balance_from_coin_queue_only() { let mut coin_proofs = minting .execute_send_coins( &mut node, - vec![Invoice::new(MINT_AMOUNT, recipient.address)], + vec![Invoice::new( + MINT_AMOUNT, + recipient.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + )], ) .expect("mint send_coins"); state_arc @@ -1461,3 +1589,73 @@ fn history_row_to_item_balance_from_coin_queue_only() { "first mint must surface the full credit (regression: was 0 when balance_from_account_blob read only Account.balance)" ); } + +/// Covers the in-coin asset guard's **queue branch** in +/// `send_coins_inner` (a coin already sitting in `account.coin_queue` +/// whose `asset_id` differs from the transition asset). The sibling +/// `send_coins_rejects_mixed_asset_invoices` exercises the *invoices* +/// branch; this one mints a NATIVE coin into a recipient's queue and +/// then attempts to send a NON-native invoice, so the transition asset +/// (taken from the invoice) mismatches the queued coin. The guard must +/// reject before any prove is attempted. +#[test] +fn send_coins_rejects_queued_coin_with_foreign_asset() { + let state_arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(State::new())); + let mut node = AccountNode::new(Arc::clone(&state_arc)); + + let mut minting_account_data = TestAccountData::new_minting_account(); + node.import_account( + minting_account_data.address, + Account { + proof: None, + coin_queue: vec![], + coin_history: SparseMerkleTree::new(), + balance: 10_000, + num_sends: 0, + commitment_public_key: None, + }, + ); + + // Mint a NATIVE coin to a fresh recipient and let them receive it, + // so the recipient's `coin_queue` holds exactly one NATIVE coin. + let recipient_data = TestAccountData::new_generic(&[7u8; 32], Network::Signet); + let invoice = Invoice::new( + 100, + recipient_data.address, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ); + let mut coin_proofs = minting_account_data + .execute_send_coins(&mut node, vec![invoice]) + .expect("mint send_coins"); + state_arc + .lock() + .unwrap() + .update( + &coin_proofs + .iter() + .map(|x| x.commitment.clone().unwrap()) + .collect::>(), + ) + .expect("state.update"); + node.receive_coin(coin_proofs.pop().expect("one coin")) + .expect("recipient receive_coin"); + + // Attempt to send a FOREIGN-asset invoice from the recipient. + // transition_asset_id = the foreign asset; the queued coin is NATIVE + // and therefore mismatches, so the queue-branch guard fires. + let foreign_asset = hash_bytes(b"foreign-asset"); + let current_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 0); + let next_pk = generate_test_public_key(&recipient_data.xpriv, 1); + let result = node.send_coins( + vec![Invoice::new( + 1, + digest_from_bytes(&[9u8; 32]), + foreign_asset, + )], + recipient_data.address, + current_pk, + next_pk, + None, + ); + assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err(), "Mixed assets in single transition"); +} diff --git a/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs b/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs index 44f43d6c..d6d763d0 100644 --- a/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs +++ b/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs @@ -416,7 +416,11 @@ fn run() -> Result<(), String> { eprintln!("[probe_r2] proving initial (cold) ..."); let t = Instant::now(); let init_proof = prover - .prove_initial(&account_state, ZERO_HASH) + .prove_initial( + &account_state, + ZERO_HASH, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ) .map_err(|e| format!("prove_initial: {e}"))?; let prove_cold_wall_ms = t.elapsed().as_millis() as i64; eprintln!("[probe_r2] prove_cold_wall_ms = {prove_cold_wall_ms}"); @@ -442,7 +446,13 @@ fn run() -> Result<(), String> { eprintln!("[probe_r2] warm prove {} / {} ...", i + 1, args.warm_calls); let t = Instant::now(); let update_proof = prover - .prove_account_update(&account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, &cmp) + .prove_account_update( + &account_state, + history_root_extended, + &init_proof, + &cmp, + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID, + ) .map_err(|e| format!("warm prove_account_update #{i}: {e}"))?; let ms = t.elapsed().as_millis() as i64; prove_warm_wall_ms.push(ms); diff --git a/node/src/flow.rs b/node/src/flow.rs index ebfe4ab3..e2f659c5 100644 --- a/node/src/flow.rs +++ b/node/src/flow.rs @@ -99,6 +99,37 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_mint_request(req: &MintRequest) -> Result<[u8; 32], FlowE Ok(bytes) } +/// Resolve an optional caller-supplied `asset_id` hex string. +/// +/// An ABSENT field (`None`) legitimately selects the native asset. A +/// PRESENT field MUST be valid 32-byte hex: a malformed or wrong-length +/// value is a hard `422`, never a silent fall-back to native — that +/// would mint/send the wrong asset under a `200` the caller cannot +/// notice. +fn parse_optional_asset_id( + asset_id: Option<&str>, +) -> Result { + let hex_str = match asset_id { + None => return Ok(*zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID), + Some(s) => s, + }; + let raw = hex::decode(hex_str.trim_start_matches("0x")).map_err(|_| { + FlowError::new( + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + "asset_id is not valid hex", + ) + })?; + if raw.len() != 32 { + return Err(FlowError::new( + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + "asset_id must be 32 bytes (64 hex chars)", + )); + } + let mut arr = [0u8; 32]; + arr.copy_from_slice(&raw); + Ok(digest_from_bytes(&arr)) +} + /// Pre-flight validation of a `SendCoinRequest` body. The signature + /// timestamp gates run here so the wallet observes a 401 from /// `POST /api/jobs/send` before the job is enqueued, matching the @@ -164,6 +195,7 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_send_request( pub(crate) async fn mint_flow(state: &AppState, request: MintRequest) -> FlowResult { let account_address_bytes = validate_mint_request(&request)?; let account_address = digest_from_bytes(&account_address_bytes); + let mint_asset_id = parse_optional_asset_id(request.asset_id.as_deref())?; // ---- 1. SNAPSHOT phase (no mutation) ----------------------------------- let state_arc = { @@ -214,7 +246,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn mint_flow(state: &AppState, request: MintRequest) -> FlowRes } guard .prepare_mint( - vec![Invoice::new(amount, account_address)], + vec![Invoice::new(amount, account_address, mint_asset_id)], minting_pubkey, next_minting_pubkey, prev_commitment_pubkey, @@ -420,6 +452,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_flow( let next_public_key = request.next_public_key; let prev_commitment_pubkey = request.prev_commitment_pubkey; let amount = request.amount; + let send_asset_id = parse_optional_asset_id(request.asset_id.as_deref())?; // The prove call is CPU-bound; push it through spawn_blocking so // the dispatcher's tokio worker is not blocked during the prove. @@ -427,7 +460,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_flow( let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || -> Result<(CoinProof, Vec), FlowError> { let mut guard = lock_or_recover(&account_node_clone); let res = guard.send_coins( - vec![Invoice::new(amount, to_address)], + vec![Invoice::new(amount, to_address, send_asset_id)], from_address, public_key, next_public_key, diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index 650dea39..a0483ab5 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -515,12 +515,18 @@ pub struct SendCoinRequest { pub(crate) signature: Option, /// Unix epoch seconds the signature was produced at. pub(crate) timestamp: Option, + /// Asset identifier for multi-asset sends. Defaults to the native + /// asset when omitted (backward-compatible with single-asset wallets). + #[serde(default)] + pub(crate) asset_id: Option, } #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, ToSchema)] pub struct MintRequest { pub(crate) account_address: String, pub(crate) amount: u64, + #[serde(default)] + pub(crate) asset_id: Option, } // `ReceiveCoinRequest` was the SP1-era POST body shape for a coin @@ -804,6 +810,7 @@ pub struct Capabilities { /// the response so the app does not have to sniff build flags. pub username_claim: bool, pub lnurl: bool, + pub multi_asset: bool, } // --- Username & LNURL types --- @@ -2447,6 +2454,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn info_handler() -> impl IntoResponse { address_list: cfg!(feature = "address-list"), username_claim: cfg!(feature = "username-claim"), lnurl: cfg!(feature = "lnurl"), + multi_asset: false, }, username_domain: USERNAME_DOMAIN.clone(), }) diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index a59915af..9cb11871 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -746,6 +746,7 @@ fn send_signature_rejects_missing_signature() { .unwrap() .as_secs(), ), + asset_id: None, }; let result = verify_send_signature(&request); assert!(result.is_err()); @@ -767,6 +768,7 @@ fn send_signature_rejects_missing_timestamp() { prev_commitment_pubkey: None, signature: Some("ab".repeat(64)), timestamp: None, + asset_id: None, }; let result = verify_send_signature(&request); assert!(result.is_err()); @@ -819,6 +821,7 @@ fn send_signature_rejects_invalid_hex() { prev_commitment_pubkey: None, signature: Some("not_valid_hex".to_string()), timestamp: Some(now), + asset_id: None, }; let result = verify_send_signature(&request); assert!(result.is_err()); @@ -853,6 +856,7 @@ fn send_signature_rejects_wrong_signature() { prev_commitment_pubkey: None, signature: Some(hex::encode(sig.serialize())), timestamp: Some(now), + asset_id: None, }; let result = verify_send_signature(&request); assert!(result.is_err()); @@ -1602,6 +1606,7 @@ fn send_signature_accepts_valid_signature() { prev_commitment_pubkey: None, signature: Some(hex::encode(sig.serialize())), timestamp: Some(now), + asset_id: None, }; // `.expect` surfaces the actual error string on failure; the // previous `is_ok()` shape silently swallowed it. @@ -3773,6 +3778,7 @@ fn verify_send_signature_pub_returns_missing_signature_when_absent() { prev_commitment_pubkey: None, signature: None, timestamp: Some(0), + asset_id: None, }; let err = crate::router::verify_send_signature_pub(&req).unwrap_err(); assert_eq!(err, "Missing signature"); diff --git a/node/tests/api_remote.rs b/node/tests/api_remote.rs index a7b9308e..a7108832 100644 --- a/node/tests/api_remote.rs +++ b/node/tests/api_remote.rs @@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ async fn fetch_capabilities(client: &reqwest::Client) -> Capabilities { lnurl: body["capabilities"]["lnurl"].as_bool().expect( "/api/info capabilities.lnurl must be a bool — missing field is a contract regression", ), + multi_asset: body["capabilities"]["multi_asset"].as_bool().expect( + "/api/info capabilities.multi_asset must be a bool — missing field is a contract regression", + ), }; if let Ok(force) = std::env::var("ZKCOINS_FORCE_DISABLE_FEATURES") { for flag in force.split(',').map(|s| s.trim()).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) { @@ -206,6 +209,7 @@ async fn fetch_capabilities(client: &reqwest::Client) -> Capabilities { "address_list" | "address-list" => caps.address_list = false, "username_claim" | "username-claim" => caps.username_claim = false, "lnurl" => caps.lnurl = false, + "multi_asset" | "multi-asset" => caps.multi_asset = false, other => { eprintln!( "ZKCOINS_FORCE_DISABLE_FEATURES: unknown flag `{}` — ignored", diff --git a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs index 44fd1b6b..828d182e 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs +++ b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ use crate::{C, D, F}; /// Mirrors [`crate::types::ProofData::to_field_elements`]'s output length; /// the verifier-data slots added by `add_verifier_data_public_inputs` /// follow these and are not counted here. -pub const N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS: usize = 16; +pub const N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS: usize = 20; /// Fixed in-circuit MMR proof path length. Equal to /// `MMR_MAX_DEPTH - 1` because an MMR proof has one sibling per level @@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ pub struct StateTransitionCircuit { /// Inner proof slot. Initial uses [`cyclic_base_proof`] dummy; /// AccountUpdate uses a real prev `ProofWithPublicInputs`. pub inner_proof_target: ProofWithPublicInputsTarget, - /// 16 public-input slots for `ProofData::to_field_elements`. + /// 20 public-input slots for `ProofData::to_field_elements`. pub proof_data_pis: [Target; N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS], /// Witness target: `account_state.owner` (4 field elements). pub owner: HashOutTarget, @@ -531,6 +531,15 @@ pub fn build_circuit() -> StateTransitionCircuit { let proof_data_pis: [Target; N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] = std::array::from_fn(|_| builder.add_virtual_public_input()); + let transition_asset_id = HashOutTarget { + elements: [ + proof_data_pis[16], + proof_data_pis[17], + proof_data_pis[18], + proof_data_pis[19], + ], + }; + let verifier_data_target = builder.add_verifier_data_public_inputs(); debug_assert_eq!( builder.num_public_inputs(), @@ -950,7 +959,22 @@ pub fn build_circuit() -> StateTransitionCircuit { // `[agg_base + 12 .. agg_base + 16]` is the source's // `coin_history_root` — unused for §8 step 2 (it only ever // matters for an account's OWN in-coins). - let source_active_pi = aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 16]; + // `[agg_base + 16 .. agg_base + 20]` is the source's `asset_id`. + let source_active_pi = aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 20]; + + let source_asset_id = HashOutTarget { + elements: [ + aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 16], + aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 17], + aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 18], + aggregator_proof_target.public_inputs[agg_base + 19], + ], + }; + for j in 0..4 { + let diff = builder.sub(source_asset_id.elements[j], transition_asset_id.elements[j]); + let masked = builder.mul(slot.active.target, diff); + builder.assert_zero(masked); + } // Bind outer-slot active <-> aggregator-slot active. Both are // bool-constrained by their respective allocators, so this @@ -1217,8 +1241,9 @@ pub fn build_circuit() -> StateTransitionCircuit { // match anything. for (i, slot) in out_coin_slots.iter().enumerate() { let i_const = builder.constant(F::from_canonical_u32(i as u32)); - let mut id_input = Vec::with_capacity(5); + let mut id_input = Vec::with_capacity(9); id_input.extend_from_slice(&interim_account_state_hash.elements); + id_input.extend_from_slice(&transition_asset_id.elements); id_input.push(i_const); let computed_id = builder.hash_n_to_hash_no_pad::(id_input); for j in 0..4 { @@ -1565,6 +1590,7 @@ fn dummy_coin() -> Coin { identifier: ZERO_HASH, recipient: ZERO_HASH, amount: 0, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, } } @@ -1646,13 +1672,20 @@ pub fn prove_initial( circuit: &StateTransitionCircuit, account_state: &AccountState, history_root: HashDigest, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_coin = dummy_coin(); let inactive_slots: Vec<(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)> = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) .map(|_| (false, &dummy_coin, &dummy_nip)) .collect(); - prove_initial_with_in_coins(circuit, account_state, history_root, &inactive_slots) + prove_initial_with_in_coins( + circuit, + account_state, + history_root, + &inactive_slots, + asset_id, + ) } /// Like [`prove_initial`] but with caller-supplied in-coin slot @@ -1667,6 +1700,7 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_coins( account_state: &AccountState, history_root: HashDigest, in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { assert_eq!( in_coins.len(), @@ -1684,6 +1718,7 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_coins( in_coins, &inactive_out_coins, &account_state.public_key, + asset_id, ) } @@ -1705,6 +1740,7 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins( in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { let sources: Vec> = (0..MAX_IN_COINS).map(|_| None).collect(); prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( @@ -1715,6 +1751,7 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins( out_coins, next_public_key, &sources, + asset_id, ) } @@ -1743,6 +1780,7 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, sources: &[Option], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { assert_eq!( in_coins.len(), @@ -1765,6 +1803,10 @@ pub fn prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( set_account_state_witness(&mut pw, circuit, account_state); pw.set_hash_target(circuit.history_root, history_root) .unwrap(); + for i in 0..4 { + pw.set_target(circuit.proof_data_pis[16 + i], asset_id.elements[i]) + .unwrap(); + } set_cmp_witness(&mut pw, circuit, &dummy_cmp()); for (slot_targets, (active, coin, nip)) in circuit.in_coin_slots.iter().zip(in_coins.iter()) { set_in_coin_slot_witness( @@ -1877,6 +1919,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update( history_root: HashDigest, prev: &ProofWithPublicInputs, cmp: &CommitmentMerkleProofs, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_coin = dummy_coin(); @@ -1890,6 +1933,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update( prev, cmp, &inactive_slots, + asset_id, ) } @@ -1903,6 +1947,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_coins( prev: &ProofWithPublicInputs, cmp: &CommitmentMerkleProofs, in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { assert_eq!( in_coins.len(), @@ -1922,6 +1967,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_coins( in_coins, &inactive_out_coins, &account_state.public_key, + asset_id, ) } @@ -1942,6 +1988,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins( in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { let sources: Vec> = (0..MAX_IN_COINS).map(|_| None).collect(); prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( @@ -1954,6 +2001,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins( out_coins, next_public_key, &sources, + asset_id, ) } @@ -1976,6 +2024,7 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, sources: &[Option], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result> { assert_eq!( in_coins.len(), @@ -1998,6 +2047,10 @@ pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( set_account_state_witness(&mut pw, circuit, account_state); pw.set_hash_target(circuit.history_root, history_root) .unwrap(); + for i in 0..4 { + pw.set_target(circuit.proof_data_pis[16 + i], asset_id.elements[i]) + .unwrap(); + } set_cmp_witness(&mut pw, circuit, cmp); for (slot_targets, (active, coin, nip)) in circuit.in_coin_slots.iter().zip(in_coins.iter()) { set_in_coin_slot_witness( @@ -2134,7 +2187,7 @@ mod tests { let mut post_source = source_account.clone(); post_source.balance -= out_amount; let interim_source_asth = post_source.hash(); - let coin_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_source_asth, 0); + let coin_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_source_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&coin_id); let empty_smt = SparseMerkleTree::new(); let out_nip = empty_smt.generate_non_inclusion_proof(out_id_key).unwrap(); @@ -2151,13 +2204,14 @@ mod tests { &in_coins_inactive, &out_coins_source, &source_account.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove source Init"); // 2. Consumer prev: Initial with all-inactive in/out-coins. // Goes against empty history (same bootstrap pattern as // source). - let prev_proof = prove_initial(circuit, consumer_account_state, ZERO_HASH) + let prev_proof = prove_initial(circuit, consumer_account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH) .expect("prove consumer prev Init"); // 3. Source's commitment SMT. @@ -2309,7 +2363,7 @@ mod tests { let mut post_source = source_account.clone(); post_source.balance -= out_amount; let interim_asth = post_source.hash(); - let coin_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, 0); + let coin_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); // 3. Build the source's out-coin NIP in the empty SMT. let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&coin_id); @@ -2332,6 +2386,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &out_coins, &source_account.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove source Init"); @@ -2421,7 +2476,8 @@ mod tests { assert_ne!(account_state.owner, *MINTING_ADDRESS); let history_root = hash_bytes(b"history@5c+-init"); - let proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root).expect("prove initial"); + let proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root, ZERO_HASH) + .expect("prove initial"); verify(&circuit, &proof).expect("verify initial"); let recovered = pis_as_proof_data(&proof); @@ -2438,7 +2494,8 @@ mod tests { account_state.balance = 21_000_000_000_000; let history_root = hash_bytes(b"history@5c+-mint"); - let proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root).expect("prove mint"); + let proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove mint"); verify(&circuit, &proof).expect("verify mint"); } @@ -2451,7 +2508,7 @@ mod tests { account_state.balance = 1; let history_root = hash_bytes(b"history@5c+-illegal"); - assert!(prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root).is_err()); + assert!(prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, history_root, ZERO_HASH).is_err()); } /// Build a `CommitmentMerkleProofs` witness for an Initial → AccountUpdate @@ -2531,7 +2588,8 @@ mod tests { let prev_ocr = DEFAULT_HASHES[0]; let (cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(prev_asth, prev_ocr); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); verify(&circuit, &init_proof).expect("verify init"); let update_proof = prove_account_update( @@ -2540,6 +2598,7 @@ mod tests { history_root_extended, &init_proof, &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove update"); verify(&circuit, &update_proof).expect("verify update"); @@ -2566,7 +2625,8 @@ mod tests { let prev_asth = prev_state.hash(); let (cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(prev_asth, DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let prev_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &prev_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove prev init"); + let prev_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &prev_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove prev init"); // Try to update with a DIFFERENT account_state. let mut next_state = prev_state.clone(); @@ -2576,7 +2636,8 @@ mod tests { &next_state, history_root_extended, &prev_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2595,7 +2656,8 @@ mod tests { let (mut cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(true_asth, DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); // Mutate ONLY the witnessed commitment_account_state_hash; leave // the SMT (which still contains the honest commitment) intact. @@ -2607,7 +2669,8 @@ mod tests { &account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2701,6 +2764,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: coin_identifier, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: out_amount, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let mut final_account_state = account_state.clone(); final_account_state.balance += coin.amount; @@ -2727,6 +2791,7 @@ mod tests { &inactive_out_coins, &account_state.public_key, &sources, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove init with active in-coin + source"); verify(&circuit, &proof).expect("verify"); @@ -2759,6 +2824,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: coin_identifier, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: 0, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_c = dummy_coin(); @@ -2768,6 +2834,7 @@ mod tests { &account_state, hash_bytes(b"history"), &in_coins, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2792,6 +2859,7 @@ mod tests { // Lie: this coin is addressed to a different account. recipient: hash_bytes(b"some-other-owner"), amount: 1, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_c = dummy_coin(); @@ -2801,6 +2869,7 @@ mod tests { &account_state, hash_bytes(b"history"), &in_coins, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2824,6 +2893,7 @@ mod tests { recipient: account_state.owner, // u64::MAX + 1 overflows. amount: 1, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_c = dummy_coin(); @@ -2833,6 +2903,7 @@ mod tests { &account_state, hash_bytes(b"history"), &in_coins, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2879,7 +2950,7 @@ mod tests { let mut interim_account_state = account_state.clone(); interim_account_state.balance -= out_coin_amount; let interim_asth = interim_account_state.hash(); - let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, 0); + let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); // Off-circuit: non-inclusion of expected_out_id in empty SMT. let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&expected_out_id); @@ -2905,6 +2976,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &out_coins, &next_pubkey, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove init with out-coin"); verify(&circuit, &proof).expect("verify"); @@ -2951,6 +3023,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &out_coins, &next_pubkey, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -2967,7 +3040,7 @@ mod tests { // Compute the expected identifier so identifier-eq passes; the // underflow check is what should fire. let interim_asth = account_state.hash(); - let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, 0); + let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&expected_out_id); let empty_smt = SparseMerkleTree::new(); let nip = empty_smt.generate_non_inclusion_proof(out_id_key).unwrap(); @@ -2987,6 +3060,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &out_coins, &next_pubkey, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3033,6 +3107,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &[], // 0 out-coin slots, expected MAX_OUT_COINS &account_state.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3056,6 +3131,7 @@ mod tests { &[], // 0 in-coin slots, expected MAX_IN_COINS &out_coins, &account_state.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3093,6 +3169,7 @@ mod tests { &[], // wrong: expected MAX_IN_COINS &out_coins, &account_state.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3127,6 +3204,7 @@ mod tests { &in_coins, &[], // wrong: expected MAX_OUT_COINS &account_state.public_key, + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3167,6 +3245,7 @@ mod tests { &account_state, ZERO_HASH, &[], // 0 slots, expected MAX_IN_COINS = 1 + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3184,7 +3263,8 @@ mod tests { account_state.balance = 1; let (cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(account_state.hash(), DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); let _ = prove_account_update_with_in_coins( &circuit, &account_state, @@ -3192,6 +3272,7 @@ mod tests { &init_proof, &cmp, &[], // 0 slots, expected MAX_IN_COINS = 1 + ZERO_HASH, ); } @@ -3207,14 +3288,16 @@ mod tests { let (mut cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(account_state.hash(), DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); cmp.commitment_root_history_proof.path[0] = hash_bytes(b"lying-mmr-a-sib"); assert!(prove_account_update( &circuit, &account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3230,14 +3313,16 @@ mod tests { let (mut cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(account_state.hash(), DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); cmp.previous_root_history_proof.1.path[0] = hash_bytes(b"lying-mmr-b-sib"); assert!(prove_account_update( &circuit, &account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3254,14 +3339,16 @@ mod tests { let (mut cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(account_state.hash(), DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); cmp.commitment_root_mmr_sibling = hash_bytes(b"lying-prev-mmr-root"); assert!(prove_account_update( &circuit, &account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3279,7 +3366,8 @@ mod tests { let (cmp, _real_history_root) = build_test_commitment_witness(account_state.hash(), DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); // Lie about the history_root — neither MMR proof reconstructs to it. let lying_history_root = hash_bytes(b"lying-history"); assert!(prove_account_update( @@ -3287,7 +3375,8 @@ mod tests { &account_state, lying_history_root, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3329,6 +3418,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: in_coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: in_coin_amount, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let expected_coin_history_root = in_nip.insert(in_coin_id); @@ -3340,7 +3430,7 @@ mod tests { let mut interim_account_state = account_state.clone(); interim_account_state.balance = account_state.balance + in_coin.amount - out_coin_amount; let interim_asth = interim_account_state.hash(); - let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, 0); + let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&expected_out_id); let out_nip = empty_smt.generate_non_inclusion_proof(out_id_key).unwrap(); @@ -3369,6 +3459,7 @@ mod tests { &out_coins, &next_pubkey, &sources, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove init combined with source"); verify(&circuit, &proof).expect("verify"); @@ -3419,6 +3510,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: in_coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: in_coin_amount, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let expected_coin_history_root = in_nip.insert(in_coin_id); @@ -3427,7 +3519,7 @@ mod tests { let mut interim_account_state = account_state.clone(); interim_account_state.balance = account_state.balance + in_coin.amount - out_coin_amount; let interim_asth = interim_account_state.hash(); - let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, 0); + let expected_out_id = crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier(interim_asth, ZERO_HASH, 0); let out_id_key = digest_to_bytes(&expected_out_id); let out_nip = empty_smt.generate_non_inclusion_proof(out_id_key).unwrap(); let expected_output_coins_root = out_nip.insert(expected_out_id); @@ -3456,6 +3548,7 @@ mod tests { &out_coins, &next_pubkey, &sources, + ZERO_HASH, ) .expect("prove account_update combined with source"); verify(&circuit, &update_proof).expect("verify update"); @@ -3502,11 +3595,13 @@ mod tests { identifier: coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: 1, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let coin2 = Coin { identifier: coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: 1, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); let dummy_c = dummy_coin(); @@ -3522,6 +3617,7 @@ mod tests { &account_state, hash_bytes(b"history"), &in_coins, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3540,7 +3636,8 @@ mod tests { let (mut cmp, history_root_extended) = build_test_commitment_witness(true_asth, DEFAULT_HASHES[0]); - let init_proof = prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); + let init_proof = + prove_initial(&circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH).expect("prove init"); // Tamper a sibling deep in the SMT path — the computed // commitment_root will differ from the witnessed one. @@ -3551,7 +3648,8 @@ mod tests { &account_state, history_root_extended, &init_proof, - &cmp + &cmp, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3596,6 +3694,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: in_coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: in_coin_amount, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); @@ -3620,6 +3719,7 @@ mod tests { &inactive_out_coins, &account_state.public_key, &sources, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3652,6 +3752,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: in_coin_id, recipient: account_state.owner, amount: in_coin_amount, + asset_id: ZERO_HASH, }; let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); @@ -3676,6 +3777,7 @@ mod tests { &inactive_out_coins, &account_state.public_key, &sources, + ZERO_HASH, ) .is_err()); } @@ -3729,6 +3831,10 @@ mod tests { pw.set_bool_target(circuit.condition, false).unwrap(); set_account_state_witness(&mut pw, &circuit, &account_state); pw.set_hash_target(circuit.history_root, ZERO_HASH).unwrap(); + for i in 0..4 { + pw.set_target(circuit.proof_data_pis[16 + i], ZERO_HASH.elements[i]) + .unwrap(); + } set_cmp_witness(&mut pw, &circuit, &dummy_cmp()); let dummy_nip = dummy_non_inclusion_proof(); diff --git a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs index 317b1dd7..5fa3ec5b 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs +++ b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs @@ -87,18 +87,18 @@ //! ```text //! [0 .. MAX_IN_COINS * PER_SLOT_PIS]: //! For each slot i (0-indexed): -//! [i*17 + 0..i*17 + 16]: source's ProofData (16 elements) -//! [i*17 + 16]: slot's `active` bit (0 or 1) -//! [MAX_IN_COINS * 17 .. + 4]: +//! [i*21 + 0..i*21 + 20]: source's ProofData (20 elements) +//! [i*21 + 20]: slot's `active` bit (0 or 1) +//! [MAX_IN_COINS * 21 .. + 4]: //! state-transition vk circuit_digest (4 elements) -//! [MAX_IN_COINS * 17 + 4 .. + 4 + 4 * cap_elements]: +//! [MAX_IN_COINS * 21 + 4 .. + 4 + 4 * cap_elements]: //! state-transition vk constants_sigmas_cap (4 elements per cap entry) //! ``` //! //! `cap_elements = 1 << cap_height`. For //! `CircuitConfig::standard_recursion_config()` (`cap_height = 4`), //! `cap_elements = 16`, so the cap occupies `4 * 16 = 64` elements. -//! Total aggregator PIs: `8 * 17 + 4 + 64 = 204`. +//! Total aggregator PIs: `8 * 21 + 4 + 64 = 236`. use anyhow::Result; use plonky2::iop::target::BoolTarget; @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ pub fn verify_aggregator( mod tests { use super::*; use crate::circuit::main::{build_circuit, prove_initial}; - use crate::hash::hash_bytes; + use crate::hash::{hash_bytes, ZERO_HASH}; use crate::types::{AccountState, MINTING_ADDRESS}; use plonky2::field::types::Field; @@ -453,8 +453,9 @@ mod tests { source_account.owner = *MINTING_ADDRESS; source_account.balance = 1_000_000; let source_history_root = hash_bytes(b"aggregator-init-source"); - let source_proof = prove_initial(&st_circuit, &source_account, source_history_root) - .expect("prove init source"); + let source_proof = + prove_initial(&st_circuit, &source_account, source_history_root, ZERO_HASH) + .expect("prove init source"); // Slot 0 active, others inactive. let mut slot_witnesses: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); diff --git a/program-plonky2/src/types.rs b/program-plonky2/src/types.rs index 6a9d4bed..0da7ac39 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/src/types.rs +++ b/program-plonky2/src/types.rs @@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ pub type PublicKey = [u8; 33]; /// and never mutated; differs from the rotating `AccountState::public_key`. pub type Address = HashDigest; +/// Asset identifier: Poseidon hash of `(domain_tag || creator_pubkey || name || decimals)`. +pub type AssetId = HashDigest; + /// Minting account address. Currently a placeholder derived from a /// domain-separated tag — the node will replace this with the actual /// Poseidon hash of the live minting public key as part of ROADMAP step 7 @@ -32,6 +35,12 @@ pub type Address = HashDigest; pub static MINTING_ADDRESS: std::sync::LazyLock = std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:minting-address:placeholder:v1")); +pub static ASSET_GENESIS_DOMAIN_TAG: std::sync::LazyLock = + std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:asset-genesis:v1")); + +pub static NATIVE_ASSET_ID: std::sync::LazyLock = + std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:native-asset:v1")); + /// Pack a `u64` into 2 field elements `(lo, hi)` — both 32-bit halves. This /// guarantees the value is below the Goldilocks modulus regardless of input, /// and matches a natural 2-limb representation for u64 in-circuit. @@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ fn u64_to_limbs(value: u64) -> [F; 2] { /// Pack a 33-byte compressed pubkey into 5 field elements (7 bytes each, /// little-endian, with the final element holding 5 bytes + 3 zero pads). /// Below the 56-bit safe ceiling for canonical Goldilocks representation. -fn pubkey_to_limbs(pk: &PublicKey) -> [F; 5] { +pub(crate) fn pubkey_to_limbs(pk: &PublicKey) -> [F; 5] { let mut out = [F::ZERO; 5]; for (i, chunk) in pk.chunks(7).enumerate() { let mut buf = [0u8; 8]; @@ -145,11 +154,21 @@ impl AccountState { pub struct CoinTemplate { pub recipient: Address, pub amount: Amount, + #[serde(default = "default_native_asset_id")] + pub asset_id: AssetId, +} + +fn default_native_asset_id() -> AssetId { + *NATIVE_ASSET_ID } impl CoinTemplate { - pub fn new(recipient: Address, amount: Amount) -> Self { - CoinTemplate { recipient, amount } + pub fn new(recipient: Address, amount: Amount, asset_id: AssetId) -> Self { + CoinTemplate { + recipient, + amount, + asset_id, + } } } @@ -158,6 +177,8 @@ pub struct Coin { pub identifier: HashDigest, pub recipient: Address, pub amount: Amount, + #[serde(default = "default_native_asset_id")] + pub asset_id: AssetId, } impl Coin { @@ -165,17 +186,19 @@ impl Coin { Coin { recipient: template.recipient, amount: template.amount, + asset_id: template.asset_id, identifier, } } - /// Returns `Ok` iff `self.identifier == H(account_state_hash || coin_index)`. pub fn verify_identifier( &self, account_state_hash: HashDigest, coin_index: u32, ) -> Result<(), &'static str> { - if calculate_coin_identifier(account_state_hash, coin_index) == self.identifier { + if calculate_coin_identifier(account_state_hash, self.asset_id, coin_index) + == self.identifier + { Ok(()) } else { Err("Incorrect preimages provided.") @@ -183,15 +206,32 @@ impl Coin { } } -/// `identifier = H(account_state_hash || u32(coin_index))`. The `u32` is -/// packed into a single field element directly (range-safe under Goldilocks). -pub fn calculate_coin_identifier(account_state_hash: HashDigest, coin_index: u32) -> HashDigest { - let mut elements = Vec::with_capacity(5); +/// `identifier = H(account_state_hash || asset_id || u32(coin_index))`. +pub fn calculate_coin_identifier( + account_state_hash: HashDigest, + asset_id: AssetId, + coin_index: u32, +) -> HashDigest { + let mut elements = Vec::with_capacity(9); elements.extend_from_slice(&account_state_hash.elements); + elements.extend_from_slice(&asset_id.elements); elements.push(F::from_canonical_u32(coin_index)); PoseidonHash::hash_no_pad(&elements) } +pub fn calculate_asset_id(creator_pubkey: &PublicKey, name: &str, decimals: u8) -> AssetId { + let mut elements = Vec::with_capacity(11); + elements.extend_from_slice(&ASSET_GENESIS_DOMAIN_TAG.elements); + elements.extend_from_slice(&pubkey_to_limbs(creator_pubkey)); + for chunk in name.as_bytes().chunks(7) { + let mut buf = [0u8; 8]; + buf[..chunk.len()].copy_from_slice(chunk); + elements.push(F::from_canonical_u64(u64::from_le_bytes(buf))); + } + elements.push(F::from_canonical_u32(decimals as u32)); + PoseidonHash::hash_no_pad(&elements) +} + /// Public output of the state-transition proof. Field-element-serialised /// (no bincode) so the in-circuit `commit` and off-circuit reconstruction /// agree element-for-element. @@ -201,22 +241,22 @@ pub struct ProofData { pub output_coins_root: HashDigest, pub commitment_history_root: HashDigest, pub coin_history_root: HashDigest, + #[serde(default = "default_native_asset_id")] + pub asset_id: AssetId, } impl ProofData { - /// 16 field elements: 4 fields × 4 elements. The verifier-key digest is - /// supplied separately as a recursion-public-input by the circuit; - /// see §10 in `SPEC.md` for the recursion contract. - pub fn to_field_elements(&self) -> [F; 16] { - let mut out = [F::ZERO; 16]; + pub fn to_field_elements(&self) -> [F; 20] { + let mut out = [F::ZERO; 20]; out[0..4].copy_from_slice(&self.account_state_hash.elements); out[4..8].copy_from_slice(&self.output_coins_root.elements); out[8..12].copy_from_slice(&self.commitment_history_root.elements); out[12..16].copy_from_slice(&self.coin_history_root.elements); + out[16..20].copy_from_slice(&self.asset_id.elements); out } - pub fn from_field_elements(elements: &[F; 16]) -> Self { + pub fn from_field_elements(elements: &[F; 20]) -> Self { let mut chunks = elements.chunks_exact(4); let next = |c: &mut std::slice::ChunksExact| { let chunk = c.next().unwrap(); @@ -229,6 +269,7 @@ impl ProofData { output_coins_root: next(&mut chunks), commitment_history_root: next(&mut chunks), coin_history_root: next(&mut chunks), + asset_id: next(&mut chunks), } } } @@ -278,6 +319,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: hash_bytes(b"x"), recipient: hash_bytes(b"someone else"), amount: 100, + asset_id: *NATIVE_ASSET_ID, }; assert!(owner.apply_coin(&coin).is_err()); } @@ -289,6 +331,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: hash_bytes(b"x"), recipient: owner.owner, amount: 100, + asset_id: *NATIVE_ASSET_ID, }; let updated = owner.apply_coin(&coin).unwrap(); assert_eq!(updated.balance, 100); @@ -302,6 +345,7 @@ mod tests { identifier: hash_bytes(b"x"), recipient: s.owner, amount: 10, + asset_id: *NATIVE_ASSET_ID, }; assert!(s.apply_coin(&coin).is_err()); } @@ -309,15 +353,16 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn coin_identifier_round_trip() { let asth = hash_bytes(b"asth"); + let aid = *NATIVE_ASSET_ID; for i in [0u32, 1, 7, 100, u32::MAX] { - let id = calculate_coin_identifier(asth, i); + let id = calculate_coin_identifier(asth, aid, i); let coin = Coin { identifier: id, recipient: hash_bytes(b"r"), amount: 1, + asset_id: aid, }; assert!(coin.verify_identifier(asth, i).is_ok()); - // Index sensitivity: changing the index breaks the identifier. if i != u32::MAX { assert!(coin.verify_identifier(asth, i + 1).is_err()); } @@ -331,6 +376,7 @@ mod tests { output_coins_root: hash_bytes(b"ocr"), commitment_history_root: hash_bytes(b"chr"), coin_history_root: hash_bytes(b"cohr"), + asset_id: *NATIVE_ASSET_ID, }; let elts = pd.to_field_elements(); let recovered = ProofData::from_field_elements(&elts); @@ -339,9 +385,6 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn minting_address_is_stable() { - // The placeholder MUST stay deterministic across calls; the node - // wiring will replace this with the real Poseidon hash of the live - // minting public key (see D11 in MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md). assert_eq!(*MINTING_ADDRESS, *MINTING_ADDRESS); assert_eq!( *MINTING_ADDRESS, @@ -352,19 +395,61 @@ mod tests { #[test] fn coin_template_new_carries_fields() { let recipient = hash_bytes(b"r"); - let template = CoinTemplate::new(recipient, 42); + let aid = *NATIVE_ASSET_ID; + let template = CoinTemplate::new(recipient, 42, aid); assert_eq!(template.recipient, recipient); assert_eq!(template.amount, 42); + assert_eq!(template.asset_id, aid); } #[test] fn coin_new_from_template_preserves_recipient_and_amount() { let recipient = hash_bytes(b"r"); - let template = CoinTemplate::new(recipient, 17); + let aid = *NATIVE_ASSET_ID; + let template = CoinTemplate::new(recipient, 17, aid); let id = hash_bytes(b"id"); let coin = Coin::new(template, id); assert_eq!(coin.recipient, recipient); assert_eq!(coin.amount, 17); assert_eq!(coin.identifier, id); + assert_eq!(coin.asset_id, aid); + } + + #[test] + fn calculate_asset_id_is_deterministic_and_collision_resistant() { + let pk1 = dummy_pubkey(1); + let pk2 = dummy_pubkey(2); + let id1 = calculate_asset_id(&pk1, "TestToken", 8); + let id1b = calculate_asset_id(&pk1, "TestToken", 8); + assert_eq!(id1, id1b); + + let id2 = calculate_asset_id(&pk2, "TestToken", 8); + assert_ne!(id1, id2); + + let id3 = calculate_asset_id(&pk1, "OtherToken", 8); + assert_ne!(id1, id3); + + let id4 = calculate_asset_id(&pk1, "TestToken", 6); + assert_ne!(id1, id4); + } + + #[test] + fn native_asset_id_is_stable() { + assert_eq!(*NATIVE_ASSET_ID, *NATIVE_ASSET_ID); + assert_eq!(*NATIVE_ASSET_ID, hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:native-asset:v1")); + } + + #[test] + fn same_name_different_creator_produces_different_asset_id() { + let pk_a = dummy_pubkey(1); + let pk_b = dummy_pubkey(2); + let id_a = calculate_asset_id(&pk_a, "TestToken", 8); + let id_b = calculate_asset_id(&pk_b, "TestToken", 8); + assert_ne!( + id_a, id_b, + "same name + different creator must produce different asset_ids" + ); + // Same creator, same name, same decimals = same id (idempotent) + assert_eq!(id_a, calculate_asset_id(&pk_a, "TestToken", 8)); } } diff --git a/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs b/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs index e459be4c..9463efd3 100644 --- a/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs +++ b/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs @@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ impl Prover { &self, account_state: &AccountState, history_root: HashDigest, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { - prove_initial(&self.circuit, account_state, history_root) + prove_initial(&self.circuit, account_state, history_root, asset_id) } /// Prove an Initial-branch transition with caller-supplied @@ -106,8 +107,15 @@ impl Prover { account_state: &AccountState, history_root: HashDigest, in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { - prove_initial_with_in_coins(&self.circuit, account_state, history_root, in_coins) + prove_initial_with_in_coins( + &self.circuit, + account_state, + history_root, + in_coins, + asset_id, + ) } /// Full-control Initial-branch prove: in-coin tuples, out-coin @@ -126,6 +134,7 @@ impl Prover { in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins( &self.circuit, @@ -134,6 +143,7 @@ impl Prover { in_coins, out_coins, next_public_key, + asset_id, ) } @@ -145,8 +155,16 @@ impl Prover { history_root: HashDigest, prev: &Proof, cmp: &CommitmentMerkleProofs, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { - prove_account_update(&self.circuit, account_state, history_root, prev, cmp) + prove_account_update( + &self.circuit, + account_state, + history_root, + prev, + cmp, + asset_id, + ) } /// Prove an AccountUpdate transition with caller-supplied @@ -164,6 +182,7 @@ impl Prover { prev: &Proof, cmp: &CommitmentMerkleProofs, in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { prove_account_update_with_in_coins( &self.circuit, @@ -172,6 +191,7 @@ impl Prover { prev, cmp, in_coins, + asset_id, ) } @@ -192,6 +212,7 @@ impl Prover { in_coins: &[(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)], out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins( &self.circuit, @@ -202,6 +223,7 @@ impl Prover { in_coins, out_coins, next_public_key, + asset_id, ) } @@ -218,6 +240,7 @@ impl Prover { out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, sources: &[Option], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( &self.circuit, @@ -227,6 +250,7 @@ impl Prover { out_coins, next_public_key, sources, + asset_id, ) } @@ -244,6 +268,7 @@ impl Prover { out_coins: &[(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)], next_public_key: &PublicKey, sources: &[Option], + asset_id: HashDigest, ) -> Result { prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( &self.circuit, @@ -255,6 +280,7 @@ impl Prover { out_coins, next_public_key, sources, + asset_id, ) } @@ -271,6 +297,7 @@ impl Prover { #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; + use zkcoins_program_plonky2::hash::ZERO_HASH; use zkcoins_program_plonky2::types::MINTING_ADDRESS; fn dummy_pubkey(seed: u8) -> [u8; 33] { @@ -300,7 +327,7 @@ mod tests { let history_root = zkcoins_program_plonky2::hash::hash_bytes(b"prover-test-history"); let proof = prover - .prove_initial(&account_state, history_root) + .prove_initial(&account_state, history_root, ZERO_HASH) .expect("prove initial"); prover.verify(&proof).expect("verify"); } diff --git a/shared/src/lib.rs b/shared/src/lib.rs index f80f6ff2..5f5eda97 100644 --- a/shared/src/lib.rs +++ b/shared/src/lib.rs @@ -26,11 +26,25 @@ pub type Address = HashDigest; pub struct Invoice { pub amount: Amount, pub recipient: Address, + #[serde(default = "default_native_asset_id")] + pub asset_id: zkcoins_program::hash::HashDigest, +} + +fn default_native_asset_id() -> zkcoins_program::hash::HashDigest { + *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID } impl Invoice { - pub fn new(amount: Amount, recipient: HashDigest) -> Self { - Invoice { amount, recipient } + pub fn new( + amount: Amount, + recipient: HashDigest, + asset_id: zkcoins_program::hash::HashDigest, + ) -> Self { + Invoice { + amount, + recipient, + asset_id, + } } } From 974cd5d5174d70285568fbaf7bdc17dd9b877c65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 15:24:37 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/19] test(jobs): prevent pg pool exhaustion in jobs_stream SSE tests under subset parallelism (#196) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The "DB Subset Tests" CI job runs a narrow nextest selection (`db::tests` + `job_store::tests` + `router::tests::jobs_*` + ...) under `--test-threads 8`. In that job the five SSE tests `router::tests::jobs_endpoint_tests::jobs_stream_*` intermittently fail with `create: PoolTimedOut` after running >100 s, while the full coverage gate (same `--test-threads 8`, on the same SHA) keeps them green. Root cause is migration-replay contention, not raw connection exhaustion. Every test that calls `crate::test_db::setup_pool()` CREATEs a fresh per-test schema and replays the full migration suite (16 DDL files: tables, triggers, views) into the single shared `postgres:17` container. Postgres serialises concurrent DDL on its system catalogs, so when the DB subset packs the migration-replaying tests together and eight run at once, each `setup_pool()` stretches from <1 s to tens of seconds. The `jobs_stream_*` tests additionally hold their pool across deliberate sleep/timeout windows, so under that contention their connection acquisition exceeds the pool's 60 s `acquire_timeout` and surfaces as `PoolTimedOut`. The full gate stays green because the same heavy tests are interleaved across the entire suite rather than clustered. Peak server connections stay ~14/100 throughout, confirming the bottleneck is DDL catalog locking. Fix: add a workspace-root `.config/nextest.toml` test-group that caps the `router::tests::jobs_endpoint_tests` module at 2 concurrent threads. This bounds simultaneous migration replays for the heaviest module so connection acquisition stays well under the 60 s timeout, while keeping useful parallelism for the rest of the suite. The config is honoured by both `cargo nextest run` (the subset gates) and `cargo llvm-cov nextest` (the coverage gate), carries no coverage semantics, and touches no test pool — the deliberately-narrow error-path `dead_pool` (`max_connections(1)` / 50 ms timeout) keeps exercising its `PoolTimedOut` arms verbatim. Verified locally: the exact DB-subset selection now passes 239/239 twice with no `PoolTimedOut` (the `jobs_stream_*` tests drop from ~34 s to ~15 s each), and the 100% line + function coverage gate is unchanged. --- .config/nextest.toml | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .config/nextest.toml diff --git a/.config/nextest.toml b/.config/nextest.toml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c3f6a487 --- /dev/null +++ b/.config/nextest.toml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# cargo-nextest configuration. +# +# Discovered from the workspace root (the directory holding the +# top-level `[workspace]` `Cargo.toml`), so it applies to both +# `cargo nextest run` (the CI subset gates) and `cargo llvm-cov +# nextest` (the coverage gate) — both drive the suite through nextest +# and honour this file. It carries NO coverage semantics of its own, +# so the 100% line/function gate is unaffected. + +[test-groups] +# Concurrency cap for the heaviest Postgres-touching test module. +# +# Every test in `router::tests::jobs_endpoint_tests` runs +# `crate::test_db::setup_pool()`, which CREATEs a fresh per-test schema +# and replays the full migration suite (16 DDL files: tables, triggers, +# views) into it. Postgres serialises concurrent DDL on shared system +# catalogs, so when the post-#181 `--test-threads 8` default lets eight +# of these migration replays run at once against the single shared +# `postgres:17` container, each `setup_pool()` stretches from <1 s to +# tens of seconds. The SSE `jobs_stream_*` tests additionally hold their +# pool across deliberate `sleep`/`timeout` windows, so under that +# contention their `JobStore`/`setup_pool` connection acquisition can +# exceed the pool's 60 s `acquire_timeout` and surface as +# `create: PoolTimedOut`. +# +# This was invisible at the `--test-threads 1` default and stays green +# in the full coverage gate (same `--test-threads 8`, but the heavy +# `jobs_endpoint_tests` are interleaved across ~440 tests rather than +# packed into the narrow DB subset). The "DB Subset Tests" job selects +# `test(/^router::tests::jobs_/)` alongside `db::tests`/`job_store::tests` +# etc., so the migration-replaying tests cluster and the contention +# tips over. +# +# Capping this group at 2 concurrent threads keeps useful parallelism +# while bounding simultaneous migration replays so connection +# acquisition stays well under the 60 s timeout. It touches no test +# pool, so the deliberately-narrow error-path pools (`dead_pool`'s +# `max_connections(1)` / 50 ms `acquire_timeout`) keep exercising their +# `PoolTimedOut` arms verbatim. +jobs-endpoint = { max-threads = 2 } + +[[profile.default.overrides]] +filter = 'test(/^router::tests::jobs_endpoint_tests::/)' +test-group = 'jobs-endpoint' From 8be44b517e02bc38daef6779c0b29a037ff3305a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 15:42:09 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/19] docs: reframe trust model as run-your-own-node (Bitcoin full-node model) (#201) --- CONTRIBUTING.md | 9 +++++---- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index dd548003..775063bb 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ This guide covers everything you need to develop, test, and deploy the zkCoins backend. -## Trust model — node is trusted, wallet is thin +## Trust model — run your own node -zkCoins is built around a single trust assumption: **the wallet trusts the node it talks to.** The only line the node is not allowed to cross is the wallet's private key — that stays in the wallet. Everything else may be delegated. +zkCoins follows the **Bitcoin full-node model: your wallet trusts _your_ node, exactly as a Bitcoin wallet trusts your own `bitcoind`.** "Trusted node" means _your_ node — never a third party. Running your own node is the trustless, private path, and it is the model the whole system is designed around. The node↔wallet split is packaging (a heavy validator process vs. a thin key-holder), not a trust boundary. The only line the node never crosses is the wallet's private key — that stays in the wallet. This is a hard project rule. It shapes every design and implementation decision: -- **No anti-node logic in the wallet or SDK.** No client-side proof verification, no scan loops, no view-key / spend-key splits, no consistency checks against a second node, no "node integrity" indicators in the UI. If a feature exists to reduce trust in the node, it does not belong in the wallet or SDK. -- **Self-hosting is the escape hatch.** Users who do not want to trust the public operator run their own node. The wallet must always be able to switch to a different node by changing a single configuration value. +- **Self-hosting gives you trustlessness and privacy at once.** Your own node verifies your transactions and sees your plaintext — and _you_ are the operator, so nothing leaks. The wallet must always be able to switch to a different node by changing a single configuration value. +- **Using someone else's node is a trade-off you choose, not a flaw.** A public operator can never steal, forge, or double-spend your coins — that is enforced cryptographically (recursive proofs + Bitcoin-anchored nullifiers). What a foreign operator can see is your privacy, and it can affect liveness — the same spectrum as using an Electrum/SPV server instead of your own Bitcoin node. +- **The thin wallet and SDK are not a compromise.** No anti-node logic: no client-side proof verification, no scan loops, no view-key / spend-key splits, no consistency checks against a second node, no "node integrity" indicators in the UI. Trustlessness comes from running your own node, not from bolting verification onto a thin client. Anything that exists to reduce trust in the node belongs node-side — or the answer is self-hosting. - **The node is built so that self-hosting is easy.** Single container, documented configuration, deterministic state, no operator-specific dependencies. - **The SDK and wallet stay thin.** They expose seed + address + the small set of operations every familiar wallet SDK exposes. Integrators (Cake Wallet, LayerZ, BlueWallet, …) should be able to wire zkCoins up with the same effort as adding a second Bitcoin-family chain. From 2da35ba2760c397b6f9a6cfa0824c157889b306d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 17:09:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/19] docs(roadmap): set decentralization as the current focus (#202) * docs: add decentralization roadmap (run-your-own-node, SPEC-anchored) * docs: rename to DECENTRALIZATION_ROADMAP.md (ROADMAP.md already taken) * docs(roadmap): set decentralization as the current focus (fold in S1-S7 + D2/D7/D8) * docs(roadmap): set decentralization as the current focus (fold in S1-S7 + D2/D7/D8) --- ROADMAP.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md index 9ca0955d..579ee595 100644 --- a/ROADMAP.md +++ b/ROADMAP.md @@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ every commit to `develop`** — if this file is stale relative to recent commits, that is a bug. The migration PR ([#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17)) merged 2026-05-18; Steps 1–8 are done and Step 9 is partially done (DEV live, signet e2e roundtrip + R2 performance measurement remain). +With the migration essentially complete, the roadmap's active focus is +**decentralization** — see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node). Source documents: @@ -39,9 +41,9 @@ person-days at full focus; multiply for part-time work. | 7 | Node: **replace** SP1 path with Plonky2 (no feature flag, no dual backend) | ✅ done — `send_coins` performs **in-circuit source-side validation via Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2 aggregator** (PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23)); off-circuit pre-checks retained as defense-in-depth (microsecond-level fast-fail before the minute-scale prove). Initial node cut (`c71c9fc`) ran off-circuit-only because Phase 2 was deferred; the in-circuit wiring landed via the Step-7 follow-up. Dockerfile re-introduced (`dac0179`). 106 node tests pass on the MVP build, 119 with `--all-features` (32 baseline + 10 inline error-path in `d6a3cb9` + 64 ported SP1-era fixtures re-enabled in `account_node_tests.rs` / `router_tests.rs` + 13 feature-gated). Smoke-test verified end-to-end (`cargo run` + `/health` + `/api/info`, block scanner connects). | — | — | | 8 | App / wallet: Schnorr-signing boundary, node-API integration | ✅ done — `zk-coins/app` ships `wasm.createCommitment(xpriv, num_pubkeys, asth_hex, ocr_hex)` (in `app/rust/client/src/lib.rs`) signing `SHA256(asth ‖ ocr)` via BIP-340 Schnorr (D11). Two-phase send: `/api/send` (Phase 1, proof) → `/api/commit` (Phase 2, signature). API client in `app/src/lib/api/client.ts` covers `info` / `balance` / `send` / `commit` / `mint` / `username/*` endpoints exactly matching API routes registered at `node/src/router.rs:1261–1289`. WASM mock + Vitest coverage gate already enforced in app repo. | — | — | | 9 | DEV deployment + end-to-end roundtrip on signet | 🟡 DEV live — PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) merged 2026-05-18 21:50 UTC; auto-deploy via `.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml` landed `zkcoins/node:beta` on `dev-api.zkcoins.app`. `/health` → 200 `ok`; `/api/info` → 200 with `{network:"Mutinynet", capabilities:{address_list, faucet, usernames, lnurl: true}, username_domain:"dev.zkcoins.app"}` (post-[#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) `address_list` and `lnurl` are `false` because DEV ships the MVP-only binary identical to PRD; `faucet` and `usernames` are hardcoded `true` — mint and usernames are permanent MVP, not feature-gated; the `usernames` Cargo feature was later removed outright — see PR [#76](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/76)). Bootstrap-unblock fix in PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36) (explicit `MINTING_ADDRESS` override + global panic hook + smoke test + deploy-dev post-curl-retry; see [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.23](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#723-minting_address-panic-in-tokiospawn-ed-task-swallows-node-bootstrap--medium-codified)). Deploy concurrency guards + PRD smoke test in PR [#51](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/51). DEV/PRD parity (drop DEV-only Cargo features + remove `DEV_SKIP_BROADCAST_FAILURE` env-gate) in PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73). **Remaining:** ① e2e roundtrip (create account → mint → send → receive) on signet from `dev.zkcoins.app`; ② R2 measurement on M3 Ultra (warm ≤ 5 s, ideal ≤ 1 s; cold ≤ 30 s; peak mem < 64 GB); ③ reactive: redesign per R2 if the budget is missed. | 2–4 d | medium | -| — | Pre-mainnet blockers: D2/D10 (recipient hiding), D7 (reorg safety), D8 (per-coin nullifier-accum) | ⏳ todo | **+2–3 weeks** | high (real protocol redesign) | +| — | **Current focus: Decentralization** — S1 trustless receive · S2/D8 · S3/D7 · S4 own chain · S5/D11 emission · S6/D2/D10 privacy · S7/D6 (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)) | 🟡 active | **~4–6 weeks** | high (protocol work) | -**MVP status:** Steps 1–8 ✅ done. Step 9 partially done — DEV is live and serving traffic; signet e2e roundtrip and the R2 performance measurement on M3 Ultra remain. **Remaining engineering effort: 0 d** for the migration itself; **remaining ops effort: ~2–4 d** for the e2e probe campaign + R2 budget check. If the R2 budget holds on first measurement, the migration is complete and the project moves to the pre-mainnet hardening track. +**MVP status:** Steps 1–8 ✅ done. Step 9 partially done — DEV is live and serving traffic; signet e2e roundtrip and the R2 performance measurement on M3 Ultra remain. **Remaining engineering effort: 0 d** for the migration itself; **remaining ops effort: ~2–4 d** for the e2e probe campaign + R2 budget check. If the R2 budget holds on first measurement, the migration is complete and the project moves to the decentralization track (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)). ### Definition of "MVP" @@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ The architecture is **node-side compute**: the node generates all ZK proofs; the zkCoins is in a **closed test environment** (DEV *and* PRD). No external users, no real money, no existing user-base to migrate. Step 7 therefore **replaces** the SP1 path outright rather than running a dual backend: SP1 modules are deleted, node starts with a clean Poseidon SMT/MMR state, no Cargo feature flag, no migration helpers. This is reflected in the lower effort estimates for step 7 (2–3 d instead of 3–5 d) and the dropped risk for R5. -Pre-mainnet hardening adds another 2–3 weeks on top. +The decentralization track adds ~4–6 weeks on top (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)). --- @@ -383,18 +385,32 @@ Each stage carries the 100 % line coverage gate before commit. --- -## Pre-Mainnet Hardening +## Current Focus: Decentralization (run-your-own-node) -These are not MVP scope but block mainnet, per `SPEC.md` §15. +With the Plonky2 migration essentially complete (Steps 1–8 done, Step 9 DEV-live), the roadmap's active focus is **making zkCoins fully trustless and decentralized under the run-your-own-node model** — see the **Trust model** section in [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md). These strands also subsume the pre-mainnet blockers of `SPEC.md` §15 (D2/D10, D7, D8). -| # | Item | Effort | -| - | ---- | ------ | -| D2/D10 | Hiding recipient commitments (`Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)`) — fixes coin-linkability | 1 week | -| D7 | Conditional-noop on reorg (gracefully degrade when claimed nullifier-accum no longer a prefix) | 4–5 days | -| D8 | Per-coin nullifier-accum snapshot — recipients verify coin age locally | 2–3 days | -| Tests | Paper-derived test suite from `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §3 (A-SEC, ToSAcc prefix, half-aggregate Schnorr, etc.) | 1 week | +**North star.** No node consensus, no privileged operator; Bitcoin is the only shared layer. A self-hosted node (1) derives all global state from Bitcoin itself, and (2) **verifies every proof it accepts** — never trusting another node. "The wallet trusts the node" is not a compromise: the node is _yours_, like your own `bitcoind`. Issuance is **native** (a transparent on-protocol act); a BTC peg is out of scope (orthogonal). -**Total pre-mainnet add-on: ~2–3 weeks.** +**Decentralization invariant.** A self-hosted node must validate everything it relies on from _(Bitcoin it sees itself) + (the proof in hand)_ — never from another node's word. Each strand moves a guarantee from "trusted because one node said so" to "verified from Bitcoin + a proof." + +| Strand | Anchor | What | Effort | Depends on | +| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------ | ---------- | +| **S1 Trustless receive** (keystone) | impl gap (uses §D4) | `receive_coin_into` / `/api/receive` verify the **recursive proof** (`Prover::verify`) + **anchor** `H(asth‖ocr)` in the node's chain-derived commitment SMT — today only the inclusion proof is checked | 3–5 d | — | +| **S2 Global double-spend** | **D8** | `Coin` carries a `nullifier_accum` snapshot; receiver verifies it against its own chain-derived history; circuit binds it | 2–3 d | S1 | +| **S3 Reorg safety** | **D7** | `conditional_nav` — tx degrades to a no-op if its claimed nullifier-accum is no longer a canonical prefix | 4–5 d | S2 | +| **S4 Own chain view** | impl/infra | own `bitcoind` + local inscription index as scanner source; genesis bootstrap with no trusted checkpoint | ~1 wk | S1 | +| **S5 Trustless emission** | **D11** | off-circuit mint → in-circuit `issuance(IssuanceProof)` + transparent, conserved, **auditable supply** (builds on #191's `asset_id`) | 1–2 wk | circuit; coord S2 | +| **S6 Recipient hiding** | **D2/D10** | `coin.essence.address = Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)`; `apply_coin` opens with witnessed randomness (privacy track) | ~1 wk | coord S2/S5 | +| **S7 Publisher incentive** | **D6** | `fee` field + reserved `FEE_IDX` payout; permissionless publisher batching (censorship economics) | 3–5 d | S2 | +| Tests | §3 | Paper-derived suite from `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §3 (A-SEC, ToSAcc prefix, half-aggregate Schnorr) — lands with S2/S3 | ~1 wk | S2 | + +**Sequencing:** S1 → S2 → S3 → S4, with S5 (emission) and S6 (privacy) as parallel circuit-tracks and S7 after S2. **S1 is the keystone:** until the node verifies what it accepts, every other guarantee is only as strong as a trusted peer. + +**Definition of done.** A self-hosted node, given only its own Bitcoin full node + the coin data it holds: verifies every coin it accepts (recursive proof + on-chain anchoring + global non-double-spend); reconstructs all global state from Bitcoin with no trusted checkpoint; issues assets with publicly auditable supply; and the user custodies their own coin data — the one inherent, non-trust trade-off (see Trust model). + +**Out of scope (orthogonal):** BTC peg/bridge (native issuance instead — see [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)); cross-node name coordination (#170 P5; `asset_id` is already coordination-free); a data-availability service (coin data is self-custodied by design — a DA committee re-introduces trust). + +**Total decentralization track: ~4–6 weeks.** --- @@ -506,7 +522,7 @@ Whenever a commit lands on this branch: 1. If the commit completes a step → flip its row in *Status at a Glance* to ✅ and move its entry under *Done*. 2. If the commit partially completes a step → flip to 🟡 and note progress under *In Progress*. -3. If new tasks emerge → add a row in *Next* or *Pre-Mainnet Hardening* with effort estimate. +3. If new tasks emerge → add a row in *Next* or *Current Focus: Decentralization* with effort estimate. 4. If the commit invalidates an estimate → revise the *Effort* column. 5. If the commit hits or escalates a risk → update the relevant *Risk Register* entry. From 543c1bfc2d88ed01215e826d7594f376cdfdf224 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 17:34:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/19] fix(cors): allow Idempotency-Key request header so browsers can call the jobs API (#198) The jobs-API admit handlers (`POST /api/jobs/mint`, `POST /api/jobs/send`) require the `Idempotency-Key` request header (`read_idempotency_key`). A browser sending that header triggers a CORS preflight (OPTIONS), but the router's `CorsLayer` only allowed `Content-Type` in `Access-Control-Allow-Headers`. The preflight therefore failed and the web frontend could not mint or send. Add `idempotency-key` to the CORS `allow_headers` list so the preflight succeeds. `HeaderName::from_static` requires the lowercase form. Cover the fix with a CORS preflight test (`OPTIONS /api/jobs/mint` with `Access-Control-Request-Headers: idempotency-key`) asserting the response echoes both `idempotency-key` and `content-type` in `Access-Control-Allow-Headers`. --- node/src/router.rs | 9 ++++++++- node/src/router_tests.rs | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index a0483ab5..dff109ed 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -2949,7 +2949,14 @@ pub(crate) fn create_router(state: AppState) -> Router { let cors = CorsLayer::new() .allow_origin(tower_http::cors::Any) .allow_methods([Method::GET, Method::POST]) - .allow_headers([header::CONTENT_TYPE]); + // `Idempotency-Key` is required by the jobs-API admit handlers + // (`POST /api/jobs/{mint,send}`). A browser sending it triggers a + // CORS preflight; without the header here the preflight fails and the + // web frontend cannot mint or send. + .allow_headers([ + header::CONTENT_TYPE, + header::HeaderName::from_static("idempotency-key"), + ]); // MVP routes — always compiled in. let app = Router::new() diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index 9cb11871..89de2124 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -123,6 +123,48 @@ async fn health_returns_ok() { assert_eq!(body, "ok"); } +// --- CORS preflight --- + +/// A browser calling `POST /api/jobs/mint` (or `/send`) sends the +/// mandatory `Idempotency-Key` request header, which triggers a CORS +/// preflight (`OPTIONS`). The router's `CorsLayer` must echo that header +/// back in `Access-Control-Allow-Headers`, otherwise the browser blocks +/// the request and the web frontend cannot mint or send. This guards the +/// `allow_headers([CONTENT_TYPE, "idempotency-key"])` configuration. +#[tokio::test] +async fn cors_preflight_allows_idempotency_key_for_jobs_api() { + let request = Request::builder() + .method(Method::OPTIONS) + .uri("/api/jobs/mint") + .header("origin", "https://app.example") + .header("access-control-request-method", "POST") + .header("access-control-request-headers", "idempotency-key") + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + + let app = create_router(test_state()); + let response = app.oneshot(request).await.unwrap(); + + let allow_headers = response + .headers() + .get("access-control-allow-headers") + .expect("preflight response must carry Access-Control-Allow-Headers") + .to_str() + .expect("Access-Control-Allow-Headers must be valid ASCII") + .to_ascii_lowercase(); + + assert!( + allow_headers + .split(',') + .any(|h| h.trim() == "idempotency-key"), + "Access-Control-Allow-Headers must allow `idempotency-key`, got `{allow_headers}`" + ); + assert!( + allow_headers.split(',').any(|h| h.trim() == "content-type"), + "Access-Control-Allow-Headers must still allow `content-type`, got `{allow_headers}`" + ); +} + // --- GET / (root) --- #[tokio::test] From 9d174d2e71d56dc178627db1aa2650e51d97539f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 17:36:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/19] feat(jobs): expose ash/ocr hex on awaiting_signature JobStatus result (#195) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * feat(jobs): expose account_state_hash + output_coins_root on awaiting_signature job result A pure-TypeScript wallet must know account_state_hash (ash) and output_coins_root (ocr) to sign the send commitment, but until now the awaiting_signature JobStatus carried only proof_id. The hashes were reachable solely via GET /api/proof/{id} as a binary bincode CoinProof blob that only Rust/wasm can decode — breaking the thin-client rule (wallet = key only, trusts the node, no heavy client-side logic). This change writes ash + ocr as lowercase hex into the job result when a send job transitions to awaiting_signature, so GET /api/jobs/:id and the SSE stream surface them under result.account_state_hash / result.output_coins_root — the exact keys @zkcoins/sdk's pay() reads. ash/ocr come from the same source the completed mint/commit results use: ProofData::from_field_elements over the send proof's public inputs, hex-encoded via digest_to_bytes. Extraction is factored into a shared flow::send_commit_hashes helper that mint_flow, send_flow, and commit_flow all call, so the hex is bit-identical to what createCommitment expects and commit_flow re-derives. Purely additive: completed result shape, proof_id top-level field, and the JobStatusResponse wire schema (result is already free-form JSON) are unchanged. No new endpoint, env var, or migration. set_awaiting_signature stores the result in the existing response_body column (the terminal complete body overwrites it later); the GET handler and SSE initial frame now surface result for awaiting_signature in addition to completed, and a post-restart resume re-publishes the persisted hashes. Tests: api_remote send roundtrip asserts the awaiting_signature result hex equals the proof-decoded ash/ocr; job_store + router unit tests cover the new persistence and snapshot paths (100% line + function gate green). * docs(jobs): correct response_body field comment for awaiting_signature --- node/src/flow.rs | 81 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------- node/src/job_dispatcher.rs | 27 +++++++++---- node/src/job_store.rs | 26 +++++++++--- node/src/job_store_tests.rs | 14 +++++-- node/src/router.rs | 16 +++++++- node/src/router_tests.rs | 43 +++++++++++++++++--- node/tests/api_remote.rs | 32 +++++++++++++++ 7 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) diff --git a/node/src/flow.rs b/node/src/flow.rs index e2f659c5..61beae55 100644 --- a/node/src/flow.rs +++ b/node/src/flow.rs @@ -412,30 +412,65 @@ pub(crate) async fn mint_flow(state: &AppState, request: MintRequest) -> FlowRes let final_coin_proof = coin_proofs .pop() .expect("send_coins returns exactly one coin_proof for single-invoice mint"); - let pis: [zkcoins_program::F; zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] = - final_coin_proof.proof.public_inputs - [..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] - .try_into() - .expect("Plonky2 Proof emits N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS field elements"); - let proof_data = ProofData::from_field_elements(&pis); - let ash_hex = hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.account_state_hash)); - let ocr_hex = hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.output_coins_root)); + let hashes = send_commit_hashes(&final_coin_proof); let proof_id = state.proof_store.add_proof(final_coin_proof); Ok(( json!({ "success": true, "proof_id": proof_id, - "account_state_hash": ash_hex, - "output_coins_root": ocr_hex, + "account_state_hash": hashes.account_state_hash, + "output_coins_root": hashes.output_coins_root, }), 200, )) } +/// Hashes the wallet must sign to authorise a `send`, derived from the +/// send proof's public inputs. +/// +/// A thin pure-TypeScript wallet cannot decode the binary bincode +/// `CoinProof` that `GET /api/proof/{id}` serves, so the dispatcher +/// surfaces these two digests as lowercase hex on the +/// `awaiting_signature` job result instead — the same `account_state_hash` +/// / `output_coins_root` hex the `mint` and `commit` completed results +/// already carry. The wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(ash) ‖ serialize(ocr))` +/// over them (see CONTRIBUTING "Trust model"). Bit-identical to the +/// extraction in [`mint_flow`] / [`commit_flow`] so the value the wallet +/// signs matches what `commit_flow` re-derives from the same proof. +#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub(crate) struct SendCommitHashes { + /// `account_state_hash`, 32-byte digest as 64 lowercase hex chars. + pub account_state_hash: String, + /// `output_coins_root`, 32-byte digest as 64 lowercase hex chars. + pub output_coins_root: String, +} + +/// Extract `account_state_hash` + `output_coins_root` as lowercase hex +/// from a coin proof's Plonky2 public inputs. +/// +/// Reuses the exact `ProofData::from_field_elements` path the +/// `mint`/`commit` completed results use (and the `api_remote` +/// `ash_ocr_from_send_proof` test helper mirrors), so the hex written +/// onto the `awaiting_signature` result is byte-for-byte the value the +/// wallet's `createCommitment` expects and `commit_flow` re-derives. +pub(crate) fn send_commit_hashes(proof: &CoinProof) -> SendCommitHashes { + let pis: [zkcoins_program::F; zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] = + proof.proof.public_inputs[..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] + .try_into() + .expect("Plonky2 Proof emits N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS field elements"); + let proof_data = ProofData::from_field_elements(&pis); + SendCommitHashes { + account_state_hash: hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.account_state_hash)), + output_coins_root: hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.output_coins_root)), + } +} + /// Drive a `send` job up to and including proof generation. Returns -/// the persisted `proof_id` so the dispatcher can transition the job -/// to `awaiting_signature` and the wallet's `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` -/// can look the proof up. +/// the persisted `proof_id` plus the [`SendCommitHashes`] the wallet +/// must sign, so the dispatcher can transition the job to +/// `awaiting_signature` with the `account_state_hash` / +/// `output_coins_root` hex on its result and the wallet's +/// `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` can look the proof up. /// /// The post-signature broadcast leg lives in [`commit_flow`] — the /// dispatcher invokes it after the wallet signals on the per-job @@ -443,7 +478,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn mint_flow(state: &AppState, request: MintRequest) -> FlowRes pub(crate) async fn send_flow( state: &AppState, request: SendCoinRequest, -) -> Result { +) -> Result<(u64, SendCommitHashes), FlowError> { let (from_address_bytes, to_address_bytes) = validate_send_request(&request)?; let from_address = digest_from_bytes(&from_address_bytes); let to_address = digest_from_bytes(&to_address_bytes); @@ -494,6 +529,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_flow( })??; let (coin_proof, updated_account_bytes) = result; + // Derive the commit hashes BEFORE the proof is moved into the + // store, from the same public-input path `commit_flow` re-derives — + // so the hex the wallet signs matches what the broadcast leg later + // verifies the commitment against. + let commit_hashes = send_commit_hashes(&coin_proof); let proof_id = state.proof_store.add_proof(coin_proof); let addr_bytes = digest_to_bytes(&from_address); @@ -503,7 +543,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_flow( { eprintln!("Failed to upsert sender account after send: {}", e); } - Ok(proof_id) + Ok((proof_id, commit_hashes)) } /// Parse + verify a `CommitRequest` and then broadcast the commitment @@ -566,14 +606,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn commit_flow(state: &AppState, request: CommitRequest) -> Flo let mut updated_proof = coin_proof; updated_proof.commitment = Some(commitment); - let pis: [zkcoins_program::F; zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] = - updated_proof.proof.public_inputs - [..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS] - .try_into() - .expect("Plonky2 Proof emits N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS field elements"); - let proof_data = ProofData::from_field_elements(&pis); - let ash_hex = hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.account_state_hash)); - let ocr_hex = hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&proof_data.output_coins_root)); + let hashes = send_commit_hashes(&updated_proof); + let ash_hex = hashes.account_state_hash; + let ocr_hex = hashes.output_coins_root; let recipient = updated_proof.coin.recipient; let snapshot: Option> = { diff --git a/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs b/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs index 1429b04c..d1b60a78 100644 --- a/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs +++ b/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs @@ -151,7 +151,9 @@ pub struct JobPhaseEvent { /// download the proof file via `/api/proof/:id` without an extra /// poll. pub proof_id: Option, - /// Cached response body, set only on a `completed` transition. + /// Cached response body, set on an `awaiting_signature` transition + /// (the `account_state_hash` / `output_coins_root` hex the wallet + /// signs) and on a `completed` transition (the terminal body). /// Shape matches the `JobStatusResponse` field-for-field so the /// SSE consumer's parse path mirrors the existing GET 200 parse /// path. @@ -448,8 +450,8 @@ async fn process_send_initial( } }; - let proof_id = match send_flow(app_state, request).await { - Ok(pid) => pid, + let (proof_id, commit_hashes) = match send_flow(app_state, request).await { + Ok(out) => out, Err(FlowError { status, message }) => { tracing::warn!( "Job dispatcher: send job {} prove leg failed ({}): {}", @@ -484,8 +486,15 @@ async fn process_send_initial( .or_insert_with(|| Arc::new(JobNotifier::new())) .clone(); + // ash/ocr hex the wallet signs. Persisted on the row + pushed on + // the phase event so a thin pure-TS wallet never has to decode the + // binary `CoinProof` from `GET /api/proof/{id}`. + let result = serde_json::json!({ + "account_state_hash": commit_hashes.account_state_hash, + "output_coins_root": commit_hashes.output_coins_root, + }); job_store - .set_awaiting_signature(public_id, proof_id as i64) + .set_awaiting_signature(public_id, proof_id as i64, result.clone()) .await?; publish_phase( notify_map, @@ -494,7 +503,7 @@ async fn process_send_initial( status: JobStatus::AwaitingSignature, phase: "awaiting_signature".to_string(), proof_id: Some(proof_id as i64), - result: None, + result: Some(result), error: None, }, ); @@ -537,7 +546,11 @@ async fn process_send_resume( ); // Re-publish the awaiting_signature event so a freshly-connected // SSE stream sees the current phase even if its initial-state - // push fired before the dispatcher reached this function. + // push fired before the dispatcher reached this function. The + // ash/ocr result persisted on the row at the original + // `set_awaiting_signature` is carried through so a wallet that + // reconnects after a node restart still gets the hex to sign + // without an extra round-trip. publish_phase( notify_map, public_id, @@ -545,7 +558,7 @@ async fn process_send_resume( status: JobStatus::AwaitingSignature, phase: "awaiting_signature".to_string(), proof_id: job.proof_id, - result: None, + result: job.response_body.clone(), error: None, }, ); diff --git a/node/src/job_store.rs b/node/src/job_store.rs index 942cfd28..773cbc6c 100644 --- a/node/src/job_store.rs +++ b/node/src/job_store.rs @@ -323,16 +323,30 @@ impl JobStore { } /// Move a `send` job to `awaiting_signature` and persist the - /// `proof_id` produced by the dispatcher. The wallet's - /// `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` request reads this back so it can - /// download the proof file and sign the commitment. - pub async fn set_awaiting_signature(&self, public_id: Uuid, proof_id: i64) -> sqlx::Result<()> { + /// `proof_id` produced by the dispatcher together with the `result` + /// JSON the wallet needs to sign. + /// + /// `result` carries the `account_state_hash` / `output_coins_root` + /// hex (see `flow::SendCommitHashes`) so a thin pure-TypeScript + /// wallet can build the commitment without decoding the binary + /// `CoinProof` blob `GET /api/proof/{id}` serves. It is stored in + /// the same `response_body` column the terminal `complete` body + /// later overwrites, and surfaced on the `awaiting_signature` + /// `GET /api/jobs/:id` snapshot + SSE phase event. The `proof_id` + /// is read back by `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` to look the proof up. + pub async fn set_awaiting_signature( + &self, + public_id: Uuid, + proof_id: i64, + result: serde_json::Value, + ) -> sqlx::Result<()> { sqlx::query( "UPDATE jobs SET status = 'awaiting_signature', phase = 'awaiting_signature', \ - proof_id = $1, updated_at = NOW() \ - WHERE public_id = $2", + proof_id = $1, response_body = $2, updated_at = NOW() \ + WHERE public_id = $3", ) .bind(proof_id) + .bind(&result) .bind(public_id) .execute(&self.pool) .await?; diff --git a/node/src/job_store_tests.rs b/node/src/job_store_tests.rs index c6562896..752254b9 100644 --- a/node/src/job_store_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/job_store_tests.rs @@ -240,14 +240,22 @@ async fn set_awaiting_signature_persists_proof_id() { else { panic!("expected Fresh"); }; + let result = serde_json::json!({ + "account_state_hash": "aa".repeat(32), + "output_coins_root": "bb".repeat(32), + }); store - .set_awaiting_signature(job.public_id, 42) + .set_awaiting_signature(job.public_id, 42, result.clone()) .await .expect("set_awaiting_signature"); let after = store.load(job.public_id).await.unwrap().unwrap(); assert_eq!(after.status, JobStatus::AwaitingSignature); assert_eq!(after.phase, "awaiting_signature"); assert_eq!(after.proof_id, Some(42)); + // The ash/ocr hex the wallet must sign is persisted on the row so + // `GET /api/jobs/:id` (and an SSE reconnect after a node restart) + // can surface it without re-deriving from the binary proof. + assert_eq!(after.response_body, Some(result)); } #[tokio::test] @@ -390,7 +398,7 @@ async fn queue_depth_counts_queued_and_proving_only() { panic!() }; store - .set_awaiting_signature(asig.public_id, 1) + .set_awaiting_signature(asig.public_id, 1, serde_json::json!({})) .await .unwrap(); @@ -419,7 +427,7 @@ async fn list_non_terminal_for_resume_returns_queued_and_awaiting() { panic!() }; store - .set_awaiting_signature(awaiting.public_id, 99) + .set_awaiting_signature(awaiting.public_id, 99, serde_json::json!({})) .await .unwrap(); let CreateResult::Fresh(done) = store diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index dff109ed..783d7c03 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -1596,7 +1596,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_job_handler( } else { None }, - result: if job.status == JobStatus::Completed { + // `awaiting_signature` carries the ash/ocr hex the wallet must + // sign (persisted in `response_body` by + // `JobStore::set_awaiting_signature`); `completed` carries the + // cached terminal body. Both live in `response_body`, so the + // same field surfaces on either status. + result: if job.status == JobStatus::Completed || job.status == JobStatus::AwaitingSignature + { job.response_body.clone() } else { None @@ -1853,7 +1859,13 @@ pub(crate) fn initial_event_from_job(job: &Job) -> Event { } else { serde_json::Value::Null }, - "result": if job.status == JobStatus::Completed { + "result": if job.status == JobStatus::Completed + || job.status == JobStatus::AwaitingSignature + { + // `awaiting_signature` carries the ash/ocr hex the wallet + // signs; `completed` carries the terminal body. Both are in + // `response_body`, so the SSE initial frame mirrors the GET + // snapshot for either status. job.response_body.clone().unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null) } else { serde_json::Value::Null diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index 89de2124..c90d767e 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -2820,9 +2820,18 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { crate::job_store::CreateResult::Fresh(j) => j.public_id, _ => panic!(), }; + let ash = "aa".repeat(32); + let ocr = "bb".repeat(32); state .job_store - .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 42) + .set_awaiting_signature( + job_id, + 42, + serde_json::json!({ + "account_state_hash": ash, + "output_coins_root": ocr, + }), + ) .await .expect("await sig"); @@ -2834,6 +2843,11 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("json"); assert_eq!(v["status"], "awaiting_signature"); assert_eq!(v["proof_id"], 42i64); + // The ash/ocr hex the wallet signs surfaces in `result` on the + // `awaiting_signature` snapshot — this is the field the thin + // pure-TS wallet reads instead of decoding the binary proof. + assert_eq!(v["result"]["account_state_hash"], ash); + assert_eq!(v["result"]["output_coins_root"], ocr); } // ---- POST /api/jobs/:id/cancel ---- @@ -2946,7 +2960,7 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { }; state .job_store - .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7) + .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7, serde_json::json!({})) .await .expect("aw sig"); let notifier = Arc::new(crate::job_dispatcher::JobNotifier::new()); @@ -2997,7 +3011,7 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { }; state .job_store - .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7) + .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7, serde_json::json!({})) .await .expect("aw sig"); // No notify_map.insert — simulates the post-timeout state. @@ -3205,7 +3219,7 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { }; state .job_store - .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7) + .set_awaiting_signature(job_id, 7, serde_json::json!({})) .await .expect("aw sig"); let notifier = Arc::new(crate::job_dispatcher::JobNotifier::new()); @@ -3333,8 +3347,20 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { } #[test] - fn initial_event_awaiting_signature_includes_proof_id() { - let job = make_job(JobStatus::AwaitingSignature, Some(42), None, None); + fn initial_event_awaiting_signature_includes_proof_id_and_result() { + // `awaiting_signature` carries the ash/ocr hex in `response_body` + // (set by `JobStore::set_awaiting_signature`); the SSE initial + // frame must surface both the `proof_id` and that `result` so a + // wallet reconnecting after a node restart gets the hex to sign. + let job = make_job( + JobStatus::AwaitingSignature, + Some(42), + Some(serde_json::json!({ + "account_state_hash": "aa".repeat(32), + "output_coins_root": "bb".repeat(32), + })), + None, + ); let event = crate::router::initial_event_from_job(&job); // Re-serialise to check the payload contents. let wire = format!("{:?}", event); @@ -3344,6 +3370,11 @@ mod jobs_endpoint_tests { "proof_id 42 must surface; wire: {}", wire ); + assert!( + wire.contains("account_state_hash") && wire.contains("output_coins_root"), + "ash/ocr result must surface on the awaiting_signature frame; wire: {}", + wire + ); } #[test] diff --git a/node/tests/api_remote.rs b/node/tests/api_remote.rs index a7108832..e372cb21 100644 --- a/node/tests/api_remote.rs +++ b/node/tests/api_remote.rs @@ -1337,6 +1337,38 @@ async fn send_commit_roundtrip_moves_balance() { "output_coins_root must be non-zero" ); + // ---- Thin-client contract: ash/ocr hex on the awaiting_signature + // result ---- + // A pure-TypeScript wallet cannot decode the binary bincode + // `CoinProof` from `GET /api/proof/{id}`, so the node surfaces the + // hashes it must sign directly on the job result as hex. Assert the + // `awaiting_signature` snapshot carries `result.account_state_hash` + // + `result.output_coins_root`, AND that they equal the digests + // decoded from the proof above — so what the wallet signs from the + // thin path is bit-identical to the proof's public inputs. + let result = awaiting + .get("result") + .and_then(Value::as_object) + .expect("awaiting_signature job carries a result object"); + let result_ash = result + .get("account_state_hash") + .and_then(Value::as_str) + .expect("result carries account_state_hash hex"); + let result_ocr = result + .get("output_coins_root") + .and_then(Value::as_str) + .expect("result carries output_coins_root hex"); + assert_eq!( + result_ash, + hex::encode(ash_bytes), + "awaiting_signature result.account_state_hash must equal the proof-decoded ash" + ); + assert_eq!( + result_ocr, + hex::encode(ocr_bytes), + "awaiting_signature result.output_coins_root must equal the proof-decoded ocr" + ); + // ---- Commit (phase 2: sign ash || ocr, attach, broadcast) ---- let mut commit_message = Vec::with_capacity(64); commit_message.extend_from_slice(&ash_bytes); From b288a6ac3c455459de046c3b94a2ebad21008e2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 17:36:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/19] feat(api): add normalized bitcoin_network enum to /api/info (#193) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Add a typed, lowercase string enum field `bitcoin_network` to the /api/info response with exactly two variants: "mainnet" and "mutinynet". The value is derived from the existing NETWORK_CONFIG.is_mainnet flag via a pure, unit-testable helper (bitcoin_network_label) — no new env var, no new config source. The free-text `network` field (e.g. "Mainnet"/"Mutinynet" from NETWORK_CONFIG.network_name) is retained unchanged for backward compatibility; bitcoin_network is additive. This fixes the latent case-mismatch foot-gun documented for the wallet/SDK, which should switch behaviour on the typed identifier rather than matching the operator-overridable free-text label. Register BitcoinNetwork as a ToSchema component in the OpenAPI spec. Cover both helper arms with a unit test, assert the field in the existing /api/info handler tests, add OpenAPI smoke drift guards, and add a no-fallback contract assertion in the api_remote E2E suite. --- node/src/openapi.rs | 10 ++++++---- node/src/router.rs | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ node/src/router_tests.rs | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ node/tests/api_remote.rs | 12 ++++++++++++ node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/node/src/openapi.rs b/node/src/openapi.rs index b5baf87f..2607b6ce 100644 --- a/node/src/openapi.rs +++ b/node/src/openapi.rs @@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ use utoipa_swagger_ui::Config; use crate::db::{InscriptionKind, InscriptionSummary}; use crate::job_store::JobStatus; use crate::router::{ - BalanceResponse, Capabilities, CommitRequest, HistoryErrorResponse, HistoryItem, - HistoryResponse, InfoResponse, JobErrorResponse, JobStatusResponse, LnurlErrorResponse, - MintRequest, PublisherHealthErrorResponse, PublisherHealthResponse, ReadyResponse, - RootEndpoints, RootResponse, SendCoinRequest, SendCoinResponse, UsernameResponse, + BalanceResponse, BitcoinNetwork, Capabilities, CommitRequest, HistoryErrorResponse, + HistoryItem, HistoryResponse, InfoResponse, JobErrorResponse, JobStatusResponse, + LnurlErrorResponse, MintRequest, PublisherHealthErrorResponse, PublisherHealthResponse, + ReadyResponse, RootEndpoints, RootResponse, SendCoinRequest, SendCoinResponse, + UsernameResponse, }; #[cfg(feature = "address-list")] @@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ pub const DOCS_HTML: &str = concat!( PublisherHealthResponse, PublisherHealthErrorResponse, InfoResponse, + BitcoinNetwork, Capabilities, BalanceResponse, HistoryResponse, diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index 783d7c03..a6db01ac 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -782,9 +782,32 @@ pub struct CommitRequest { pub(crate) message: String, } +/// Normalized, machine-readable Bitcoin network identifier exposed on +/// `/api/info` as `bitcoin_network`. Serializes to the lowercase string +/// `"mainnet"` or `"mutinynet"`. +/// +/// This is the typed counterpart to the free-text `network` field +/// (e.g. `"Mainnet"` / `"Mutinynet"` from `NETWORK_CONFIG.network_name`), +/// which stays a human-readable, operator-overridable label. Clients +/// switch behaviour on `bitcoin_network` to avoid the case-sensitivity +/// foot-gun of matching the free-text string. +#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)] +#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")] +pub enum BitcoinNetwork { + Mainnet, + Mutinynet, +} + #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema)] pub struct InfoResponse { + /// Human-readable network label (e.g. `"Mainnet"` / `"Mutinynet"`), + /// sourced from `NETWORK_CONFIG.network_name`. Operator-overridable + /// and intended for display only — clients gate behaviour on + /// `bitcoin_network` instead. network: String, + /// Typed, lowercase network identifier derived from the node's + /// `is_mainnet` flag. One of `"mainnet"` or `"mutinynet"`. + bitcoin_network: BitcoinNetwork, capabilities: Capabilities, /// External hostname this node serves, used by the client to render /// `@`. DEV and PRD share the chain identifier @@ -2449,6 +2472,18 @@ pub(crate) async fn health_handler() -> &'static str { "ok" } +/// Map the node's mainnet flag to the normalized, lowercase +/// `bitcoin_network` enum exposed in `/api/info`. Pure so both arms are +/// unit-testable without touching the env-derived `NETWORK_CONFIG` +/// global. +fn bitcoin_network_label(is_mainnet: bool) -> BitcoinNetwork { + if is_mainnet { + BitcoinNetwork::Mainnet + } else { + BitcoinNetwork::Mutinynet + } +} + #[utoipa::path( get, path = "/api/info", @@ -2462,6 +2497,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn health_handler() -> &'static str { pub(crate) async fn info_handler() -> impl IntoResponse { Json(InfoResponse { network: NETWORK_CONFIG.network_name.clone(), + bitcoin_network: bitcoin_network_label(NETWORK_CONFIG.is_mainnet), capabilities: Capabilities { address_list: cfg!(feature = "address-list"), username_claim: cfg!(feature = "username-claim"), diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index c90d767e..91d28526 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -215,6 +215,10 @@ async fn info_returns_network_name_capabilities_and_username_domain() { // The lazy_static defaults to "Mutinynet" when IS_MAINNET is unset assert!(!info.network.is_empty(), "network name must not be empty"); + // The typed network identifier is derived from the same global; the + // test harness never sets IS_MAINNET=true, so it resolves to Mutinynet. + assert_eq!(info.bitcoin_network, BitcoinNetwork::Mutinynet); + // Capabilities reflect the cargo feature set this binary was built with. // Same `cfg!(...)` evaluation as the handler, so the test passes both in // MVP builds (all false) and `--all-features` builds (all true). @@ -246,12 +250,27 @@ async fn info_serialization_format_is_stable() { assert!(v["capabilities"].is_object()); assert!(v["username_domain"].is_string()); + // `bitcoin_network` serializes as a lowercase string enum. + let bn = v["bitcoin_network"] + .as_str() + .expect("bitcoin_network must be a string"); + assert!( + bn == "mainnet" || bn == "mutinynet", + "bitcoin_network must be `mainnet` or `mutinynet`, got {bn}" + ); + let caps = &v["capabilities"]; for key in ["address_list", "username_claim", "lnurl"] { assert!(caps[key].is_boolean(), "capability `{key}` must be bool"); } } +#[test] +fn bitcoin_network_label_maps_both_arms() { + assert_eq!(bitcoin_network_label(true), BitcoinNetwork::Mainnet); + assert_eq!(bitcoin_network_label(false), BitcoinNetwork::Mutinynet); +} + // --- GET /api/balance --- #[tokio::test] diff --git a/node/tests/api_remote.rs b/node/tests/api_remote.rs index e372cb21..ce30cdc2 100644 --- a/node/tests/api_remote.rs +++ b/node/tests/api_remote.rs @@ -420,6 +420,18 @@ async fn info_returns_well_formed_response() { body["username_domain"] ); + // `bitcoin_network` is the typed, lowercase network identifier the + // wallet/SDK switch behaviour on. No fallback: a missing field or a + // value outside the two-variant enum is a contract regression. + let bitcoin_network = body["bitcoin_network"].as_str().expect( + "/api/info bitcoin_network must be a string — missing field is a contract regression", + ); + assert!( + bitcoin_network == "mainnet" || bitcoin_network == "mutinynet", + "/api/info bitcoin_network must be `mainnet` or `mutinynet`, got {bitcoin_network:?} \ + — value outside the enum is a contract regression" + ); + for cap in ["address_list", "username_claim", "lnurl"] { assert!( body["capabilities"][cap].is_boolean(), diff --git a/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs b/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs index 8d170d44..2a21801b 100644 --- a/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs +++ b/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs @@ -169,6 +169,32 @@ fn info_response_carries_username_domain() { ); } +#[test] +fn info_response_carries_typed_bitcoin_network() { + // Drift guard for the typed `bitcoin_network` enum: the wallet/SDK + // switch behaviour on the lowercase `mainnet`/`mutinynet` identifier + // rather than the free-text `network` label, so the property must + // exist and the `BitcoinNetwork` schema must be registered. + let v = parse_spec(); + let properties = v["components"]["schemas"]["InfoResponse"]["properties"] + .as_object() + .expect("`InfoResponse.properties` must be a JSON object"); + assert!( + properties.contains_key("bitcoin_network"), + "`InfoResponse` is missing the `bitcoin_network` property — \ + did someone drop the field from the Rust struct?" + ); + + let schemas = v["components"]["schemas"] + .as_object() + .expect("`components.schemas` must be a JSON object"); + assert!( + schemas.contains_key("BitcoinNetwork"), + "`BitcoinNetwork` must be registered under components.schemas — \ + clients depend on the typed network enum" + ); +} + #[test] fn docs_html_loads_bundled_swagger_ui_assets() { let html = node::openapi::DOCS_HTML; From e2745fdf9f7ae1814dcd6421a82f82316063e41c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 20:45:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/19] feat(state): self-heal persisted proofs on circuit-digest change (#204) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * feat(state): self-heal persisted proofs on circuit change The Plonky2 state-transition circuit is cyclic: every proof is fed back as the recursive inner proof on the next transition. When a circuit change breaks recursion, persisted account proofs become incompatible and the next mint/send aborts witness generation with a "Partition ... was set twice with different values" copy-constraint conflict, surfaced to the wallet as "prove failed". This took DEV down and required a manual reset-zkcoins-node. Add a boot-time self-heal that detects the incompatibility and resets the proof-dependent state to genesis (the documented tabula rasa, permitted in the closed test env), storing the live circuit digest so subsequent boots are an O(1) comparison. Detector. Two stages: (1) compare the persisted circuit_digest against the live one — the cheap steady-state fast path; (2) on the adoption boundary (no digest recorded yet) run a canary recursion: recurse a persisted proof through the live circuit's AccountUpdate branch with the real commitment-merkle witnesses from the loaded state. Stale ⇒ reset. Why the canary and not Prover::verify / a digest comparison alone: verified against the live DEV dump, the breakage does NOT change the verifier-key circuit_digest. Plonky2's circuit_digest hashes the constants/sigmas cap + domain separator + degree but NOT the gate constraints (upstream circuit_builder.rs "TODO: This should also include an encoding of gate constraints"). The DEV proofs' embedded digest was byte-identical to the current build's and Prover::verify passed on them, yet the recursive prove still failed. Only running the real recursion reproduces the failure. The digest is deterministic across separate builds of identical circuit code (no nonce/timestamp), so a digest CHANGE still reliably signals a circuit change — it just has a blind spot for constraint-only changes that the canary closes. - migration 0015: singleton circuit_digest_meta table - db: load/store circuit digest + transactional proof-dependent reset - account_node: CanaryOutcome + canary_recursion (real AccountUpdate recursion probe) + take_prover for the post-reset reload - self_heal: reset_decision (pure, exhaustively unit-tested) + heal_circuit_digest orchestrator - main: build prover once, load state+accounts, heal, reload from genesis on reset (prover reused — circuit built once) * fix(state): use real account state in self-heal canary to avoid false-positive reset The boot self-heal canary recursed a persisted proof through the live circuit's AccountUpdate branch with a SYNTHETIC surrounding AccountState ({ owner: ZERO_HASH, balance: 0 }). That state violates the §8(b)/(c) state-continuity constraints, so the canary returning Ok relied on the fragile Plonky2 invariant that arithmetic gate constraints are not evaluated at witness/prove time. Worse, there was no proof the canary returns Compatible (not a false Stale -> genesis wipe -> production data loss) on a genuinely compatible but digest-less DB — the first-boot case of every existing node adopting this fix when no breaking change occurred. Rebuild the REAL account state, exactly as the production prove path (account_state_for_prove): owner = account address, balance = account.balance, public_key = the account's CURRENT key. The current key is NOT the persisted commitment_public_key: the circuit commits ProofData.account_state_hash as final_account_state_hash, which embeds the producing transition's next_public_key (the key it rotated TO). By the rotation chain that equals the next transition's public_key; for the minting account it is generate_public_key(derive_num_pubkeys_from_smt()). commitment_public_key is still used, but only to look the commitment up in the SMT via get_merkle_proofs (mirroring send_coins_inner's prev_cmp). The boot path supplies the current-key resolver, reconstructed from the same compile-time minting secret the node already uses and resolved off the SMT the canary already holds (the resolver MUST NOT re-lock state — the canary holds it, and a re-lock deadlocks the non-reentrant guard). With the real state both §8(b)/(c) are satisfiable for a compatible proof, so the only remaining prove-time failure path is the recursion copy-constraint set_proof_with_pis imposes on the inner proof — exactly what a breaking circuit change violates. Err => Stale no longer depends on which constraints Plonky2 evaluates at prove time. Prover::verify stays out of the detector. Verified by a live boot-gate in BOTH directions: a stale DEV dump still resets to genesis (Canary Stale -> Reset, post-reset mint completes), and a genuinely compatible digest-less DB now baselines without wiping (Canary Compatible -> Baseline, accounts preserved, mint completes). Also: - canary_recursion: document the append-only proof-data PI-slot assumption (a future circuit change reordering the first N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS slots would make get_merkle_proofs Err for every sample -> NoSample -> Baseline -> no reset despite staleness, a False Negative). Emit a tracing::warn when proof-carrying accounts exist but all are skipped. NoSample stays Baseline (the data-loss-safe direction for benign state gaps), not Stale, by design. - reset_proof_dependent_state_tx: state the exact wipe set, note usernames is intentionally preserved (not proof-dependent), and note coin_proof_store (migration 0008) is unused schema groundwork with a MIGRATION_RESEARCH note to add it to the reset if the DB-backed ProofStore bootstrap later lands. --- Cargo.lock | 1 + node/migrations/0015_circuit_digest_meta.sql | 51 +++ node/src/account_node.rs | 292 ++++++++++++- node/src/account_node_tests.rs | 10 +- node/src/db.rs | 128 ++++++ node/src/db_tests.rs | 88 ++++ node/src/lib.rs | 1 + node/src/main.rs | 105 ++++- node/src/self_heal.rs | 245 +++++++++++ node/src/self_heal_tests.rs | 435 +++++++++++++++++++ script-plonky2/Cargo.toml | 1 + script-plonky2/src/lib.rs | 31 ++ 12 files changed, 1375 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 node/migrations/0015_circuit_digest_meta.sql create mode 100644 node/src/self_heal.rs create mode 100644 node/src/self_heal_tests.rs diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock index 802170e5..e5455457 100644 --- a/Cargo.lock +++ b/Cargo.lock @@ -5231,6 +5231,7 @@ name = "zkcoins-prover-plonky2" version = "0.0.1" dependencies = [ "anyhow", + "bincode", "plonky2", "zkcoins-program-plonky2", ] diff --git a/node/migrations/0015_circuit_digest_meta.sql b/node/migrations/0015_circuit_digest_meta.sql new file mode 100644 index 00000000..565e67e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/node/migrations/0015_circuit_digest_meta.sql @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +-- Persist the active circuit's `circuit_digest` so the boot path can +-- detect a breaking circuit change and self-heal the state. +-- +-- Background. The Plonky2 state-transition circuit is cyclic: every +-- proof the node emits is fed back as the recursive *inner* proof on the +-- next transition (`account_node::send_coins_inner`). When the circuit +-- changes in a way that breaks recursion, persisted `account.proof` +-- blobs become incompatible: the next AccountUpdate send/mint hands the +-- stale proof to the new circuit and Plonky2's witness generator aborts +-- with a "Partition ... was set twice with different values" copy- +-- constraint conflict, surfaced to the wallet as "prove failed". This +-- took DEV down. +-- +-- IMPORTANT (verified against the live DEV dump): the breakage does NOT +-- always change the verifier-key `circuit_digest`. Plonky2's +-- `circuit_digest` is a Poseidon hash over the constants/sigmas Merkle +-- cap + domain separator + degree — it does NOT encode the gate +-- *constraints* (see the upstream `circuit_builder.rs` "TODO: This +-- should also include an encoding of gate constraints"). The DEV +-- proofs' embedded digest was byte-identical to the current build's, +-- `Prover::verify` passed on them, yet the recursive prove still failed. +-- So a `circuit_digest` comparison (and `Prover::verify`) catches the +-- digest-changing class but MISSES the constraint-only class. +-- +-- The boot self-heal therefore uses TWO detectors (see +-- `node::self_heal`): (1) compare the persisted digest against the live +-- one — the cheap steady-state fast path; (2) on the adoption boundary +-- (no digest recorded yet) additionally run a CANARY recursion — recurse +-- a persisted proof through the live circuit's AccountUpdate branch with +-- the real commitment-merkle witnesses; failure ⇒ stale. On a mismatch +-- or stale canary the whole proof-dependent state is reset to genesis +-- (the same consistent tabula rasa as the documented `reset-zkcoins-node` +-- recovery) and the new digest is stored. A full reset is the only +-- provably-consistent option: a circuit change invalidates EVERY proof +-- at once (per-account `account.proof`, queued `CoinProof` source +-- proofs, distributed recipient proofs), and the global SMT/MMR are +-- append-only and shared across accounts, so they cannot be partially +-- unwound per account without a global-vs-account mismatch. Closed-test- +-- env wipes are permitted (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test environment"). +-- +-- Singleton table keyed on `id = 1`, matching the `smt_state` / +-- `mmr_state` / `latest_block` convention. `digest` is the bincode +-- encoding of the circuit's `HashOut` (4 field +-- elements) — opaque to SQL, compared byte-for-byte in the application +-- layer. + +CREATE TABLE circuit_digest_meta ( + id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 1), + digest BYTEA NOT NULL, + updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW() +); diff --git a/node/src/account_node.rs b/node/src/account_node.rs index ea9ab06a..3fbf9fc2 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node.rs @@ -23,6 +23,21 @@ use zkcoins_prover::{InCoinSourceWitness, Proof, Prover}; /// [`zkcoins_program::circuit::main::MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN`]. const MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN: usize = MMR_MAX_DEPTH - 1; +/// Outcome of [`AccountNode::canary_recursion`], the boot-time self-heal +/// staleness probe. +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub enum CanaryOutcome { + /// A persisted proof recursed cleanly through the current circuit — + /// the persisted proofs are circuit-compatible. + Compatible, + /// A persisted proof failed to recurse — the persisted state was + /// produced by an incompatible circuit and must be self-healed. + Stale, + /// No usable sample (fresh DB, or no account carries a proof whose + /// commitment resolves in the loaded SMT) — nothing to probe. + NoSample, +} + #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)] pub struct CoinProof { pub proof: Proof, @@ -887,6 +902,268 @@ impl AccountNode { Ok(()) } + /// Boot-time self-heal canary: does a persisted proof still recurse + /// through the CURRENT circuit's AccountUpdate (cyclic) branch? + /// + /// This is the RELIABLE staleness detector. A breaking circuit + /// change invalidates every persisted proof: the next `/api/mint` or + /// `/api/send` feeds the stale proof as the recursive inner proof and + /// the new circuit's witness generator aborts with a copy-constraint + /// conflict ("Partition … was set twice with different values"), + /// surfaced to the wallet as "prove failed". Crucially this can + /// happen while the verifier-key `circuit_digest` is UNCHANGED (so + /// [`Prover::verify`] and a raw digest comparison both pass) — the + /// only thing that reliably reproduces it is running the actual + /// recursive prove, which is what this does. + /// + /// It mirrors the production prove path in [`Self::send_coins_inner`] + /// for the AccountUpdate branch with all coin slots inactive: it + /// reuses the persisted `account.proof` as the inner proof and the + /// REAL [`CommitmentMerkleProofs`] derived from the loaded SMT/MMR + /// via [`Self::get_merkle_proofs`] — the same witnesses the next user + /// transition would build — so a circuit-compatible proof recurses + /// cleanly (the canary does NOT false-positive) and only a genuinely + /// stale proof fails. + /// + /// Surrounding `AccountState`: the REAL persisted account state is + /// rebuilt exactly as the production prove path does in + /// [`Self::send_coins_inner`] (`account_state_for_prove`): `owner` = + /// the account address (the `self.accounts` map key), `balance` = + /// `account.balance`, `public_key` = the account's CURRENT key — the + /// key the NEXT transition would witness as its `public_key`, supplied + /// by the `current_pubkey_for` resolver (handed the already-held SMT; + /// for the minting account it returns + /// `generate_public_key(derive_num_pubkeys_from_smt(.., smt))`, exactly + /// what `mint_flow` passes). This is deliberately NOT the persisted + /// `commitment_public_key`: the AccountUpdate branch enforces two + /// arithmetic equality constraints on a circuit-compatible recursion + /// (see `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`): SPEC §8(b) + /// `account_state_hash == prev_account_state_hash` (the inner proof's + /// committed state-hash PI) and SPEC §8(c) `account_state_hash == + /// cmp.commitment_account_state_hash` (read back from that same inner + /// proof's PI by [`Self::get_merkle_proofs`], which sets + /// `commitment_account_state_hash: proof_data.account_state_hash`). + /// Both reference `account.proof`'s state-hash PI, which the circuit + /// computes as `final_account_state_hash` using the producing + /// transition's `next_public_key` (the key it rotated TO) — NOT the + /// key it started from. The producing transition's `next_public_key` + /// equals the next transition's `public_key` (the rotation chain), so + /// the resolver's current key is precisely the preimage whose hash + /// matches that PI. `commitment_public_key` (the producing + /// transition's FROM-key) is still used — but only to look the + /// COMMITMENT up in the SMT via `get_merkle_proofs`, mirroring how + /// `send_coins_inner` resolves `prev_cmp`. Feeding the correct current + /// key makes BOTH §8(b)/(c) satisfiable, so for a circuit-compatible + /// proof the ONLY remaining prove-time failure path is the recursion + /// copy-constraint that `set_proof_with_pis` imposes on the inner + /// proof — which is exactly what a breaking circuit change violates. + /// The previous implementation used a synthetic `{ owner: ZERO_HASH, + /// balance: 0 }` state, which violated §8(b)/(c); that it still proved + /// `Ok` relied on the fragile Plonky2 invariant that arithmetic gate + /// constraints are not checked at witness/prove time (only copy + /// constraints are). Using the real state removes that dependency: + /// `Err ⇒ Stale` now hangs solely on the recursion copy-constraint, + /// not on which constraints Plonky2 happens to evaluate at prove time. + /// An earlier draft of this fix used `commitment_public_key` for the + /// account-state pubkey and false-positived (`Stale`) on a genuinely + /// compatible digest-less DB — the live positive control (Schritt 3b) + /// caught it; the rotation analysis above is why the current key is + /// correct. The produced proof is discarded — no state is mutated and + /// nothing is broadcast. + /// + /// The POSITIVE direction (a genuinely circuit-COMPATIBLE but + /// digest-less DB ⇒ [`CanaryOutcome::Compatible`], NOT a + /// false-positive `Stale` that would wipe a healthy production node on + /// its first boot after adopting this fix) is proven empirically by + /// the live boot-gate positive control documented in the PR: boot a + /// node, mint/send to produce a recursable proof, `DELETE FROM + /// circuit_digest_meta`, reboot the SAME build — the canary returns + /// `Compatible`, the digest is baselined and accounts are preserved. + /// + /// Accounts whose commitment cannot be resolved in the loaded SMT + /// (e.g. a pubkey not yet indexed) are skipped — that is a + /// state-derivation gap, not circuit staleness — and the next + /// proof-carrying account is tried. The first account whose proof + /// recurses cleanly returns [`CanaryOutcome::Compatible`]; the first + /// whose recursion fails returns [`CanaryOutcome::Stale`]; if no + /// account yields a usable sample (fresh DB, or no resolvable + /// commitment) it returns [`CanaryOutcome::NoSample`]. + /// + /// Staleness-detection invariant (append-only PI slots): the canary + /// recurses every persisted proof through [`Self::get_merkle_proofs`], + /// which reads `previous_proof.public_inputs[..N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS]`. + /// This assumes the first `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS` proof-data PI + /// slots stay APPEND-ONLY across circuit changes. A future circuit + /// change that REORDERS those low slots (e.g. moves slots 0..16) would + /// make `get_merkle_proofs` `Err` for every sample ⇒ every account + /// skipped ⇒ `NoSample` ⇒ `Baseline` ⇒ no reset despite genuine + /// staleness (a False Negative). Any such reordering MUST update the + /// canary in lockstep. We deliberately do NOT map `NoSample` ⇒ + /// `Stale`: a `NoSample` from a benign state-derivation gap on an + /// otherwise-healthy node must NOT trigger a full genesis wipe, so the + /// data-loss-safe direction is `NoSample` ⇒ `Baseline` (no reset). + /// When proof-carrying accounts exist but ALL were skipped via a + /// `get_merkle_proofs` `Err`, a `tracing::warn!` is emitted so the + /// operator can see the canary produced no sample on a non-empty DB. + /// + /// `coverage(off)`: called only from the boot path in `main.rs` + /// (which is in the CI `--ignore-filename-regex`), and it runs a + /// real ~5 s recursive prove against a recursable persisted proof + + /// the loaded SMT/MMR — neither cheap nor reconstructible in a unit + /// test. Both directions are validated by the live boot-gate repro + /// (negative: DEV dump ⇒ `Stale`; positive: digest-less compatible DB + /// ⇒ `Compatible`), documented in the PR. The pure decision logic it + /// feeds ([`crate::self_heal::reset_decision`]) is covered exhaustively. + #[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))] + pub fn canary_recursion( + &self, + current_pubkey_for: &dyn Fn(&Address, &SparseMerkleTree) -> Option, + ) -> CanaryOutcome { + let state = self + .state + .lock() + .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner); + let history_root_extended = state.mmr.root_extended(MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN); + let dummy_nip = Self::dummy_nip(); + let dummy_coin = Self::dummy_coin(); + let inactive_in: Vec<(bool, &Coin, &NonInclusionProof)> = (0 + ..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|_| (false, &dummy_coin, &dummy_nip)) + .collect(); + let inactive_out: Vec<(bool, HashDigest, u64, &NonInclusionProof)> = (0 + ..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::MAX_OUT_COINS) + .map(|_| (false, ZERO_HASH, 0u64, &dummy_nip)) + .collect(); + let no_sources: Vec> = (0 + ..zkcoins_program::circuit::main::MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|_| None) + .collect(); + let native_asset = *zkcoins_program::types::NATIVE_ASSET_ID; + + // Track whether we saw any proof-carrying account at all, so we + // can distinguish a genuinely empty/fresh DB (no warning) from a + // non-empty DB where every recursable sample was skipped because + // `get_merkle_proofs` could not resolve its commitment OR the + // caller could not resolve the account's current pubkey (both + // worth a warning — see the False-Negative note in the doc). + let mut saw_proof_carrying_account = false; + + // `.iter()` (not `.values()`) so we have the account ADDRESS (the + // map key) to rebuild the real `AccountState`, mirroring the + // production prove path's `account_state_for_prove`. + for (account_address, account) in self.accounts.iter() { + let (Some(proof), Some(commitment_pubkey)) = + (account.proof.as_ref(), account.commitment_public_key) + else { + continue; + }; + saw_proof_carrying_account = true; + // The §8(b)/(c) state-continuity constraints fix + // `account_state.hash() == account.proof's account_state_hash + // PI`. That PI is the proof's FINAL (post-transition) state + // hash, which embeds the NEXT public key the producing + // transition rotated TO (circuit: `final_account_state_hash` + // uses `next_public_key_limbs`) — NOT the + // `commitment_public_key` (which is the key the producing + // transition started FROM, stored for the SMT commitment + // lookup). So the account-state pubkey we must witness is the + // key the NEXT transition would use as its CURRENT key — the + // same value `send_coins`/`mint_flow` pass as `public_key` + // (e.g. `generate_public_key(derive_num_pubkeys_from_smt(..))` + // for the minting account). The caller resolves it; if it + // cannot (an account whose current key is not derivable here, + // e.g. a non-minting account in a future multi-proof DB), we + // skip — a state-derivation gap is not circuit staleness. + // + // The resolver is handed the SMT we already hold under + // `state` (it needs SMT membership to derive the minting + // account's pubkey index); it MUST NOT re-lock `self.state` + // or this thread deadlocks on the non-reentrant guard. + let Some(current_pubkey) = current_pubkey_for(account_address, &state.smt) else { + continue; + }; + // Commitment-merkle witnesses are looked up by the COMMITMENT + // pubkey (the key that backed the persisted commitment), the + // same way the production AccountUpdate branch resolves + // `prev_cmp` in `send_coins_inner` — NOT by the current key. + let cmp = match Self::get_merkle_proofs(proof.clone(), commitment_pubkey, &state) { + Ok(cmp) => cmp, + // Commitment not resolvable in the loaded SMT/MMR: a + // state gap, not circuit staleness — try another sample. + Err(_) => continue, + }; + // REAL persisted account state, rebuilt exactly as the + // production prove path does (`account_state_for_prove` in + // `send_coins_inner`): owner = address, balance = + // account.balance, public_key = the account's CURRENT key + // (the next transition's `public_key`, == the producing + // transition's `next_public_key` == the pubkey embedded in + // `account.proof`'s state-hash PI). Its hash therefore equals + // that PI, so the §8(b)/(c) state-continuity constraints are + // satisfiable for a compatible proof and the ONLY remaining + // prove-time failure is the recursion copy-constraint. See the + // doc comment. + let account_state = AccountState { + owner: *account_address, + balance: account.balance, + public_key: current_pubkey.serialize(), + }; + // `next_public_key` only affects the canary's OWN (discarded) + // output state hash, which is not constrained against anything + // persisted — keep it equal to the current key (no rotation). + return match self + .prover + .prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( + &account_state, + history_root_extended, + proof, + &cmp, + &inactive_in, + &inactive_out, + ¤t_pubkey.serialize(), + &no_sources, + native_asset, + ) { + Ok(_) => CanaryOutcome::Compatible, + Err(_) => CanaryOutcome::Stale, + }; + } + if saw_proof_carrying_account { + // Proof-carrying accounts exist but none yielded a usable + // sample (all skipped via `get_merkle_proofs` Err). This is + // the False-Negative-prone path: we return `NoSample` (⇒ + // Baseline ⇒ no reset, the data-loss-safe direction) but make + // it visible so the operator knows the canary could not probe. + tracing::warn!( + "self-heal canary: DB has proof-carrying accounts but none yielded a \ + recursable sample (all commitments unresolvable in the loaded SMT/MMR); \ + returning NoSample (no reset). If a circuit change reordered the \ + proof-data public-input slots this would mask genuine staleness — see \ + AccountNode::canary_recursion docs." + ); + } + CanaryOutcome::NoSample + } + + /// Consume this `AccountNode`, returning its pre-built [`Prover`]. + /// + /// Used by the boot path's self-heal: when the circuit-digest probe + /// decides a [`crate::self_heal::ResetDecision::Reset`] is needed, + /// the in-memory maps loaded against the pre-reset rows are stale, so + /// the bootstrap reloads an empty `AccountNode` from the now-wiped + /// DB. The (~14 s) circuit build is recovered here and handed to the + /// fresh [`Self::load_from_pg`] so the circuit is still built exactly + /// once across the whole boot. + /// + /// `coverage(off)`: called only from the self-heal reset path in + /// `main.rs` (in the CI `--ignore-filename-regex`); a unit test would + /// have to pay a full `Prover::new()` circuit build to construct the + /// `AccountNode` it consumes. Exercised by the live boot-gate repro. + #[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))] + pub fn take_prover(self) -> Prover { + self.prover + } + /// Read-only handle on the shared [`State`] (SMT + MMR). Exposed so /// the startup invariant check in `runtime` can verify /// every persisted minting-account pubkey has a corresponding SMT @@ -924,16 +1201,26 @@ impl AccountNode { .expect("bincode::serialize cannot fail for the current Account shape") } - /// Reload an `AccountNode` from Postgres. + /// Reload an `AccountNode` from Postgres, reusing a pre-built + /// [`Prover`]. /// /// The bootstrap-seeded minting account is NOT created here — /// `start_rest_node` does that explicitly once it has observed an /// absent minting row. Returning the rebuilt map here keeps this /// constructor a pure "rehydrate everything that was persisted" /// call with no side effects. + /// + /// The `Prover` is injected (rather than built here) so the + /// bootstrap can build the circuit exactly once: `main.rs` builds + /// it, reads its `circuit_digest_bytes` to run the circuit-digest + /// self-heal against Postgres (see [`crate::self_heal`]) BEFORE this + /// rehydration loads any account row, then hands the same prover in + /// here. Building the circuit twice would double the ~14 s startup + /// cost. pub async fn load_from_pg( state: Arc>, pool: &PgPool, + prover: Prover, ) -> Result { let rows = db::load_all_accounts(pool).await?; let mut accounts: HashMap = HashMap::with_capacity(rows.len()); @@ -946,7 +1233,6 @@ impl AccountNode { let account: Account = bincode::deserialize(&data_bytes)?; accounts.insert(address, account); } - let prover = Prover::new(); Ok(AccountNode { accounts, prover, @@ -1310,7 +1596,7 @@ mod inline_tests { // unreachable in a passing test, which leaves the Coverage // Gate (`account_node.rs` is in scope, only `_tests.rs$` // files are ignored) at 99.83% on the dead match arm. - let err = AccountNode::load_from_pg(state, &pool) + let err = AccountNode::load_from_pg(state, &pool, Prover::new()) .await .err() .expect("load_from_pg should fail when DB is unreachable"); diff --git a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs index 38741ca1..02f584d2 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs @@ -477,8 +477,10 @@ async fn test_persist_and_load_from_pg_roundtrip() { .await .expect("persist_account ok"); - // Rebuild from PG and verify the row came back. - let loaded = AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool) + // Rebuild from PG and verify the row came back. The prover is + // injected (built once by the bootstrap in production) — see + // `AccountNode::load_from_pg`. + let loaded = AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool, Prover::new()) .await .expect("load_from_pg ok"); assert_eq!(loaded.get_account_balance(&address).unwrap(), 11); @@ -538,7 +540,7 @@ async fn test_load_from_pg_rejects_corrupted_blob() { let state_arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(State::new())); // `AccountNode` is intentionally not `Debug`, so `expect_err` // isn't available; match the Result instead. - match AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool).await { + match AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool, Prover::new()).await { Ok(_) => panic!("expected deserialize error"), Err(err) => assert!( matches!( @@ -588,7 +590,7 @@ async fn test_load_from_pg_rejects_wrong_address_length() { .unwrap(); let state_arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(State::new())); - match AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool).await { + match AccountNode::load_from_pg(state_arc, &pool, Prover::new()).await { Ok(_) => panic!("expected bad-address length"), Err(err) => assert!( matches!( diff --git a/node/src/db.rs b/node/src/db.rs index 8c6782be..2a173523 100644 --- a/node/src/db.rs +++ b/node/src/db.rs @@ -866,6 +866,134 @@ pub async fn upsert_account(pool: &PgPool, address: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Resul Ok(()) } +// ---- Circuit-digest self-heal (issue: self-healing circuit digest) -------- + +/// Load the persisted circuit digest blob, or `None` on a fresh +/// database / a database last written by a build that predates the +/// `circuit_digest_meta` table. +/// +/// The blob is the bincode encoding of the active circuit's +/// `verifier_only.circuit_digest` (a `HashOut`), written by +/// [`reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`] / [`store_circuit_digest`]. The +/// boot path compares it byte-for-byte against the live circuit's +/// digest to decide whether the persisted proofs are still +/// circuit-compatible — see `crate::self_heal::reset_decision`. +pub async fn load_circuit_digest(pool: &PgPool) -> Result>, sqlx::Error> { + let row: Option<(Vec,)> = + sqlx::query_as("SELECT digest FROM circuit_digest_meta WHERE id = 1") + .fetch_optional(pool) + .await?; + Ok(row.map(|(digest,)| digest)) +} + +/// Upsert the singleton circuit-digest row WITHOUT touching any other +/// state. +/// +/// Used on the "digest matches (or first boot on an otherwise-empty +/// DB)" path: there is nothing to heal, we only record / refresh the +/// digest so the next boot has a baseline to compare against. The +/// "digest mismatch" path goes through [`reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`] +/// instead, which wipes the proof-dependent state and stores the new +/// digest in the same transaction. +pub async fn store_circuit_digest(pool: &PgPool, digest: &[u8]) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> { + sqlx::query( + "INSERT INTO circuit_digest_meta (id, digest, updated_at) \ + VALUES (1, $1, NOW()) \ + ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE \ + SET digest = EXCLUDED.digest, updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at", + ) + .bind(digest) + .execute(pool) + .await?; + Ok(()) +} + +/// Reset all proof-dependent state to genesis and store the new circuit +/// digest, atomically, in a single transaction. +/// +/// Invoked from the boot path when the live circuit's digest does not +/// match the persisted one (a breaking circuit change). Because a +/// circuit change invalidates EVERY proof in the system at once — each +/// `account.proof`, every queued `CoinProof` source proof, every +/// recipient-held proof — and the global SMT/MMR are append-only and +/// shared across all accounts (they cannot be partially unwound per +/// account without leaving a global-vs-account mismatch), the only +/// provably-consistent recovery is a full reset to genesis. This is +/// exactly the documented `reset-zkcoins-node` tabula rasa, permitted +/// in the closed test env (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test environment"). +/// +/// Tables wiped (the proof-dependent state-layer set, mirroring the +/// DEV-recovery `TRUNCATE` in CONTRIBUTING § "DEV state recovery", +/// minus `minting_meta` which migration 0005 dropped): +/// +/// * `accounts` — per-address ledger (carries the stale `proof`). +/// * `smt_state` — global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree. +/// * `mmr_state` — global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots. +/// * `mmr_root_index`— `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map. +/// * `latest_block` — scanner resume cursor (re-derived from the tip). +/// +/// `_sqlx_migrations` is intentionally left untouched so +/// `connect_and_migrate` skips re-applying the schema. The append-only +/// log/audit tables (`account_history`, `state_update_log`, …) are NOT +/// wiped — they are historical evidence, do not feed proof +/// construction, and stop being appended to until the next user +/// round-trip re-populates `accounts`. +/// +/// `usernames` is deliberately PRESERVED (not in the DELETE set above): +/// a `name → address` mapping is a human-facing handle, not +/// proof-dependent state — it does not feed proof construction and +/// survives a genesis reset so a user keeps their handle even though +/// their balance/proof are wiped. (The address it points at simply has +/// no `accounts` row until the next round-trip re-creates one.) +/// +/// `coin_proof_store` (migration 0008) is deliberately NOT in the DELETE +/// set either, but for a different reason: it is unused schema +/// groundwork. Migration 0008 only CREATEs the table as a persisted view +/// of the in-memory `ProofStore`; the bootstrap that would populate it is +/// an explicit follow-up (see the migration 0008 comment), so there is no +/// production INSERT today and nothing to wipe. MIGRATION_RESEARCH: if the +/// DB-backed `ProofStore` bootstrap later lands and starts persisting +/// proof bytes here, `coin_proof_store` becomes proof-dependent state and +/// MUST be added to this DELETE set (its rows reference proof ids that a +/// genesis reset invalidates). +/// +/// The on-disk per-proof file store (`PROOFS_DIR`) is dropped by the +/// caller (see `crate::self_heal::reset_proof_store_dir`) — it lives +/// outside Postgres so it cannot ride this transaction, but the +/// proof_id space resets cleanly because the files are content- +/// addressed by id and no surviving row references them. +pub async fn reset_proof_dependent_state_tx( + pool: &PgPool, + new_digest: &[u8], +) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> { + let mut tx = pool.begin().await?; + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM accounts") + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM smt_state") + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM mmr_state") + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM mmr_root_index") + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM latest_block") + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + sqlx::query( + "INSERT INTO circuit_digest_meta (id, digest, updated_at) \ + VALUES (1, $1, NOW()) \ + ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE \ + SET digest = EXCLUDED.digest, updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at", + ) + .bind(new_digest) + .execute(&mut *tx) + .await?; + tx.commit().await +} + // ---- Username persistence (PR-A3) ----------------------------------------- /// Load every `(name, address)` pair from the `usernames` table. diff --git a/node/src/db_tests.rs b/node/src/db_tests.rs index 75bc63aa..beb39f11 100644 --- a/node/src/db_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/db_tests.rs @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ async fn connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables() { // filter — included at the correct alphabetic position below.) // * After 0014 (jobs): 23 tables + 1 view (#161 // introduces the async Job-API state table.) + // * After 0015 (circuit digest): 24 tables + 1 view (the + // circuit-digest self-heal singleton — sorts between + // `boot_log` and `coin_proof_store`.) assert_eq!( names, vec![ @@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ async fn connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables() { "accounts".to_string(), "block_log".to_string(), "boot_log".to_string(), + "circuit_digest_meta".to_string(), "coin_proof_store".to_string(), "error_log".to_string(), "esplora_log".to_string(), @@ -293,6 +297,90 @@ async fn upsert_account_inserts_then_updates() { assert_eq!(rows, vec![(addr, b"second".to_vec())]); } +// ---- Circuit-digest self-heal ------------------------------------------- + +#[tokio::test] +async fn load_circuit_digest_returns_none_initially() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + assert_eq!(load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn store_circuit_digest_inserts_then_updates_on_conflict() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"first-digest").await.unwrap(); + assert_eq!( + load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), + Some(b"first-digest".to_vec()) + ); + // Second call hits the `ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE` arm. + store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"second-digest").await.unwrap(); + assert_eq!( + load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), + Some(b"second-digest".to_vec()) + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn reset_proof_dependent_state_tx_wipes_state_and_stores_digest() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + + // Seed every table the reset touches. + upsert_account(&pool, &[9u8; 32], b"acct").await.unwrap(); + let prev_root = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[0x11u8; 32]); + let smt_root = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[0x22u8; 32]); + persist_state_tx( + &pool, + b"smt", + b"mmr", + &[0xCCu8; 32], + Some((&prev_root, &smt_root, 5)), + ) + .await + .unwrap(); + store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"OLD").await.unwrap(); + + // Sanity: everything present before the reset. + assert_eq!(load_all_accounts(&pool).await.unwrap().len(), 1); + assert!(load_smt(&pool).await.unwrap().is_some()); + assert!(load_mmr(&pool).await.unwrap().is_some()); + assert!(load_latest_block(&pool).await.unwrap().is_some()); + assert_eq!(load_root_indices(&pool).await.unwrap().len(), 1); + + reset_proof_dependent_state_tx(&pool, b"NEW").await.unwrap(); + + // All proof-dependent state gone, new digest stored, atomically. + assert!(load_all_accounts(&pool).await.unwrap().is_empty()); + assert_eq!(load_smt(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert_eq!(load_mmr(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert_eq!(load_latest_block(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert!(load_root_indices(&pool).await.unwrap().is_empty()); + assert_eq!( + load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), + Some(b"NEW".to_vec()) + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn reset_proof_dependent_state_tx_overwrites_existing_digest_row() { + // The reset's digest INSERT must hit the ON CONFLICT update arm when + // a digest row already exists (the common case: a build was running + // before, so a row is present). + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"PREEXISTING").await.unwrap(); + reset_proof_dependent_state_tx(&pool, b"AFTER-RESET") + .await + .unwrap(); + assert_eq!( + load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), + Some(b"AFTER-RESET".to_vec()) + ); +} + #[tokio::test] async fn load_all_accounts_returns_all_inserted() { let scope = setup_pool().await; diff --git a/node/src/lib.rs b/node/src/lib.rs index 70913508..5111697f 100644 --- a/node/src/lib.rs +++ b/node/src/lib.rs @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ pub mod scanner; pub mod scanner_runtime; pub mod scanner_ws; pub mod scanner_ws_parse; +pub mod self_heal; pub mod state; pub mod username; diff --git a/node/src/main.rs b/node/src/main.rs index 2bd83e6e..f423ece8 100644 --- a/node/src/main.rs +++ b/node/src/main.rs @@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> { ); println!("Connected to Postgres state-layer"); + // Build the Plonky2 prover ONCE, up front. Its + // `circuit_digest_bytes` drives the boot-time self-heal below, and + // the same instance is reused by the `AccountNode` rehydration so we + // pay the ~14 s circuit build exactly once. + let prover = zkcoins_prover::Prover::new(); + let live_digest = prover.circuit_digest_bytes(); + println!("Built Plonky2 prover (circuit ready)"); + // Load existing state from Postgres (PR-A2). When SMT/MMR rows are // absent (fresh DB), `load_from_pg` returns an empty State — // equivalent to the previous file-based `State::new()` fallback. @@ -116,11 +124,96 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> { // Reload AccountNode + UsernameStore from Postgres. The matching // file-based loaders from PR-A1/A2 are gone — these two calls are // the single source of truth after PR-A3. A DB error here aborts - // the bootstrap (same reasoning as the State load above). - let account_node = account_node::AccountNode::load_from_pg(Arc::clone(&state), &pool) + // the bootstrap (same reasoning as the State load above). The + // pre-built `prover` is moved in here so the circuit is built once. + let account_node = account_node::AccountNode::load_from_pg(Arc::clone(&state), &pool, prover) .await .expect("load account node from Postgres"); println!("Loaded AccountNode from Postgres"); + + // Self-heal on a breaking circuit change. A circuit change makes + // every persisted proof incompatible with the current circuit; the + // next AccountUpdate send/mint would fail to prove ("prove failed"). + // The check runs AFTER the state + account load so the canary + // detector (used on the adoption boundary, when no digest is + // recorded yet) can recurse a persisted proof through the live + // circuit with the REAL commitment-merkle witnesses from the loaded + // state — a `circuit_digest` comparison and `Prover::verify` both + // miss the failure class where the digest is unchanged but recursion + // breaks (verified against the live DEV dump). On a mismatch / stale + // probe this resets the proof-dependent state to genesis (the same + // consistent tabula rasa as `reset-zkcoins-node`) and stores the new + // digest, so no future circuit change can brick DEV/PRD and no + // manual reset is needed. A DB error aborts the bootstrap (serving + // with half-reset state is worse than failing loudly); proof-store + // cleanup failures are logged and swallowed inside the helper. + let proofs_dir = std::env::var("PROOFS_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "./proofs".to_string()); + + // The canary recurses a persisted proof through the live circuit's + // AccountUpdate branch. The §8(b)/(c) state-continuity constraints + // fix the witnessed account-state pubkey to the key the producing + // transition rotated TO (== the NEXT transition's `public_key`), NOT + // the persisted `commitment_public_key`. For the minting account that + // key is `generate_public_key(derive_num_pubkeys_from_smt(..))` — the + // exact value `mint_flow` derives. Reconstruct the minting wallet from + // the same compile-time secret `start_rest_node` uses and resolve the + // current key off the loaded SMT. (Non-minting accounts never carry a + // server-held proof today; for any future multi-proof DB the resolver + // returns None and the canary skips that sample — a state-derivation + // gap is not circuit staleness. See `AccountNode::canary_recursion`.) + let minting_client = { + let secret = include_bytes!("../minting_secret.bin"); + let private_key = bitcoin::bip32::Xpriv::new_master(NETWORK_CONFIG.network(), secret) + .expect("Failed to create minting private key"); + let mut c = shared::ClientAccount::new(private_key); + c.address = *zkcoins_program::types::MINTING_ADDRESS; + c + }; + // The SMT is supplied by `canary_recursion` (which already holds the + // `state` guard). Resolving off this borrowed SMT — instead of + // re-locking `state` — is REQUIRED: the canary holds `self.state` + // (the same Arc) for its whole body, so a re-lock here would deadlock + // the boot thread on the non-reentrant std Mutex. + let current_pubkey_for = + |addr: &zkcoins_program::hash::HashDigest, + smt: &zkcoins_program::merkle::sparse_merkle_tree::SparseMerkleTree| { + if *addr == *zkcoins_program::types::MINTING_ADDRESS { + let n = node::state::derive_num_pubkeys_from_smt(&minting_client.private_key, smt); + Some(minting_client.generate_public_key(n)) + } else { + None + } + }; + let heal_decision = + node::self_heal::heal_circuit_digest(&pool, &live_digest, &proofs_dir, &|| { + account_node.canary_recursion(¤t_pubkey_for) + }) + .await + .expect("circuit-digest self-heal"); + println!("Circuit-digest self-heal: {:?}", heal_decision); + + // On a reset the in-memory `state` + `account_node` were rehydrated + // from the pre-reset rows that `heal_circuit_digest` just wiped, so + // they no longer match Postgres. Reload both from the now-empty DB, + // recovering the prover (and its ~14 s circuit build) from the stale + // `account_node` so the circuit is still built exactly once. + let (state, account_node) = if heal_decision == node::self_heal::ResetDecision::Reset { + let prover = account_node.take_prover(); + let state = Arc::new(Mutex::new( + State::load_from_pg(&pool) + .await + .expect("reload state after self-heal reset"), + )); + let account_node = + account_node::AccountNode::load_from_pg(Arc::clone(&state), &pool, prover) + .await + .expect("reload account node after self-heal reset"); + println!("Reloaded State + AccountNode from genesis after self-heal reset"); + (state, account_node) + } else { + (state, account_node) + }; + let username_store = username::UsernameStore::load_from_pg(&pool) .await .expect("load username store from Postgres"); @@ -136,12 +229,12 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> { // alerting fires on the loop, matching the panic-hook behaviour // above (zk-coins/node#89 round-2 MAJOR 2). let pool_for_rest = Arc::clone(&pool); - // Read `PROOFS_DIR` at the binary edge and pass it through — - // `start_rest_node` no longer touches `std::env` so the runtime - // tests can each pass their own `tempfile::tempdir()` path + // `proofs_dir` was already read at the binary edge above (for the + // self-heal proof-store cleanup) and is moved into the spawned + // task here. `start_rest_node` no longer touches `std::env` so the + // runtime tests can each pass their own `tempfile::tempdir()` path // instead of racing on the process-wide env var under // `--test-threads=8` (issue #181 Opt A). - let proofs_dir = std::env::var("PROOFS_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "./proofs".to_string()); tokio::spawn(async move { if let Err(e) = start_rest_node( account_node, diff --git a/node/src/self_heal.rs b/node/src/self_heal.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9afef100 --- /dev/null +++ b/node/src/self_heal.rs @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +//! Boot-time self-healing on a breaking circuit change. +//! +//! ## Why this exists +//! +//! The Plonky2 state-transition circuit is *cyclic*: every proof the +//! node emits pins the circuit's `verifier_only.circuit_digest` in its +//! public inputs (`add_verifier_data_public_inputs`) and is fed back as +//! the recursive *inner* proof on the next transition +//! (`account_node::send_coins_inner` → +//! `set_proof_with_pis_target(&inner_proof_target, prev)`). When the +//! circuit changes in a way that breaks recursion, persisted +//! `account.proof` blobs become incompatible: the next AccountUpdate +//! send/mint hands the stale proof to the new circuit's cyclic verifier +//! and the witness generator aborts with a copy-constraint conflict +//! ("Partition … was set twice with different values"), surfaced to the +//! wallet as "prove failed". This took DEV down and previously required +//! a manual `reset-zkcoins-node`. +//! +//! ## What this does +//! +//! At boot the node compares the digest of the circuit the persisted +//! state was produced against with the live circuit's digest, and — on +//! the adoption boundary where no digest is recorded yet — additionally +//! probes whether a persisted proof still recurses through the live +//! circuit. On a mismatch / stale probe the entire proof-dependent +//! state is reset to genesis (the same consistent tabula rasa as +//! `reset-zkcoins-node`) and the new digest is stored. No future +//! circuit change can brick DEV/PRD, and no manual reset is needed. +//! +//! ## The two detectors (and why the canary, not `verify`) +//! +//! 1. **Digest comparison** (the steady-state fast path). Once this fix +//! is deployed every boot records the live digest; the next boot +//! compares the live digest against the persisted one in O(1) — no +//! proof work — and resets iff they differ. +//! +//! 2. **Canary recursion probe** (the adoption boundary). The FIRST boot +//! after this fix lands runs against a database that has no persisted +//! digest yet but may already hold stale proofs from a pre-fix +//! breaking change (exactly the live DEV dump this was validated +//! against). A pure digest comparison cannot catch that — there is no +//! baseline. **`Prover::verify` cannot catch it either**: `verify` +//! only checks the proof's pinned `circuit_digest` against the live +//! circuit's, and a breaking change that leaves the digest UNCHANGED +//! (verified against the real DEV dump: embedded digest == live +//! digest, `verify` passes) slips straight through. The only reliable +//! signal is to run the actual recursive prove a persisted proof +//! faces on the next mint/send. So on the no-baseline branch we run +//! [`crate::account_node::AccountNode::canary_recursion`], which +//! recurses a persisted proof through the live circuit's AccountUpdate +//! branch with the REAL commitment-merkle witnesses from the loaded +//! state. `Stale` → full reset; `Compatible` / `NoSample` → just +//! record the baseline. After this one-time boot, detector 1 carries +//! every subsequent boot. +//! +//! ## Why a full reset (and not per-proof invalidation) +//! +//! A circuit change invalidates EVERY proof at once: each +//! `account.proof`, every queued `CoinProof` (whose embedded proof +//! becomes an aggregator *source* proof on the next send), and every +//! proof already distributed to recipients. The global SMT/MMR are +//! append-only and shared across all accounts, keyed by on-chain +//! commitment pubkeys interleaved in MMR-append order — they cannot be +//! partially unwound per account without leaving exactly the +//! global-vs-account mismatch that breaks soundness. A coordinated full +//! reset is therefore the only *provably consistent* recovery, and +//! closed-test-env wipes are permitted (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test +//! environment"). The reset SQL lives in +//! [`crate::db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`]; the matching on-disk +//! proof-store cleanup is [`reset_proof_store_dir`]. +//! +//! ## Module layout +//! +//! [`reset_decision`] is the pure, build-free decision function (unit- +//! tested exhaustively). [`heal_circuit_digest`] is the async boot +//! orchestrator that wires the digest comparison + the injected canary +//! against Postgres + the proof-store directory and is exercised by the +//! testcontainer integration tests. All live in this gated module (not +//! `runtime.rs`) so the 100% line + function coverage gate covers the +//! load-bearing logic. + +use std::path::Path; + +use sqlx::PgPool; +use tracing::{info, warn}; + +use crate::account_node::CanaryOutcome; +use crate::db; + +/// Outcome of the boot-time self-heal evaluation. Returned by +/// [`reset_decision`] and consumed / surfaced by [`heal_circuit_digest`]. +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub enum ResetDecision { + /// The persisted digest equals the live digest: the persisted proofs + /// are circuit-compatible, leave the state untouched. + Keep, + /// There is no persisted digest yet (fresh DB, or a DB last written + /// by a build that predates the `circuit_digest_meta` table) AND no + /// stale proof was detected: record the live digest as the baseline, + /// do NOT reset. A fresh DB has nothing to heal; a pre-fix DB whose + /// proofs still recurse through the live circuit must not be + /// needlessly wiped. + Baseline, + /// Reset the proof-dependent state to genesis and store the live + /// digest. Reached either because the persisted digest differs from + /// the live one (detector 1) or because the canary recursion of a + /// persisted proof failed against the live circuit (detector 2, the + /// adoption boundary). + Reset, +} + +/// Pure decision: combine the digest comparison (detector 1) with the +/// canary recursion outcome (detector 2). +/// +/// * `persisted == Some(live)` → [`ResetDecision::Keep`] +/// * `persisted == Some(other)` → [`ResetDecision::Reset`] +/// * `persisted == None` & `canary == Stale` → [`ResetDecision::Reset`] +/// * `persisted == None` & `Compatible` / `NoSample` → [`ResetDecision::Baseline`] +/// +/// `canary` is the outcome of recursing a persisted proof through the +/// live circuit; it is only consulted on the no-persisted-digest branch +/// (when a digest IS persisted, detector 1 is authoritative and far +/// cheaper). No circuit build, no I/O — exhaustively unit-testable. +pub fn reset_decision( + persisted: Option<&[u8]>, + live: &[u8], + canary: CanaryOutcome, +) -> ResetDecision { + match persisted { + Some(prev) if prev == live => ResetDecision::Keep, + Some(_) => ResetDecision::Reset, + None => match canary { + CanaryOutcome::Stale => ResetDecision::Reset, + CanaryOutcome::Compatible | CanaryOutcome::NoSample => ResetDecision::Baseline, + }, + } +} + +/// Drop the on-disk per-proof file store so the proof_id space resets +/// cleanly alongside the Postgres reset. +/// +/// The proof store lives outside Postgres (large bincode Plonky2 proof +/// blobs; see CONTRIBUTING § "Persistent State"), so it cannot ride the +/// `reset_proof_dependent_state_tx` transaction. After a reset no +/// surviving row references any proof file, so removing the directory is +/// safe; it is recreated lazily by `ProofStore` on the next write. +/// +/// A missing directory is success (nothing to clean). Any other I/O +/// error is returned so the caller can decide — `heal_circuit_digest` +/// logs and continues, because a stale proof file with a fresh DB is +/// inert (no row points at it) and must not crash-loop the container. +pub fn reset_proof_store_dir(proofs_dir: &str) -> std::io::Result<()> { + let path = Path::new(proofs_dir); + match std::fs::remove_dir_all(path) { + Ok(()) => Ok(()), + Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()), + Err(e) => Err(e), + } +} + +/// Boot-time orchestrator: run both detectors and self-heal on a +/// breaking circuit change. +/// +/// `canary` is the live circuit's recursion probe — in production +/// `|| account_node.canary_recursion()` (which recurses a persisted +/// proof through the real AccountUpdate branch; `Stale` ⇔ the persisted +/// proofs are incompatible with the current circuit). It is injected as +/// a closure so this function is free of the ~14 s circuit build and the +/// integration tests can drive both detectors with synthetic digests and +/// a stub outcome. **It is evaluated lazily** — only on the +/// no-persisted-digest branch, so the common steady-state boot pays a +/// single cheap O(1) digest comparison and never runs the (~5 s) probe. +/// +/// Returns the [`ResetDecision`] that was taken so the caller can log / +/// surface it. The Postgres reset is transactional — a DB error aborts +/// and propagates, because serving with a half-reset state is worse than +/// failing the boot loudly. Proof-store directory cleanup is best-effort +/// (a failure is logged and swallowed). +/// +/// `canary` is a trait object (not a generic bound) on purpose: a +/// generic `impl Fn` is monomorphised once per closure type, and the +/// unit tests drive several distinct closures — the resulting multiple +/// instantiations confuse `llvm-cov`'s line accounting ("mismatched +/// data"). A single `&dyn Fn` keeps one instantiation and clean +/// coverage; the indirect call is irrelevant next to a ~5 s prove. +pub async fn heal_circuit_digest( + pool: &PgPool, + live_digest: &[u8], + proofs_dir: &str, + canary: &dyn Fn() -> CanaryOutcome, +) -> Result { + let persisted = db::load_circuit_digest(pool).await?; + + // Detector 2 (the canary) only matters when there is no persisted + // digest to compare against — otherwise detector 1 is authoritative + // and we skip the (~5 s) recursion probe entirely. + let canary_outcome = if persisted.is_none() { + let outcome = canary(); + if outcome == CanaryOutcome::Stale { + warn!( + "Self-heal: a persisted proof failed to recurse through the current \ + circuit. Treating persisted state as produced by an incompatible circuit." + ); + } + outcome + } else { + // Not consulted on the digest-present branch; value is irrelevant. + CanaryOutcome::NoSample + }; + + let decision = reset_decision(persisted.as_deref(), live_digest, canary_outcome); + match decision { + ResetDecision::Keep => { + info!("Circuit digest matches persisted state; no self-heal needed"); + } + ResetDecision::Baseline => { + info!( + "No persisted circuit digest and persisted proofs (if any) recurse \ + through the current circuit; recording current digest as baseline" + ); + db::store_circuit_digest(pool, live_digest).await?; + } + ResetDecision::Reset => { + warn!( + "Circuit changed since the persisted state was written — persisted \ + proofs are incompatible with the current circuit. Resetting \ + proof-dependent state to genesis (self-heal) so the node serves \ + cleanly." + ); + db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx(pool, live_digest).await?; + if let Err(e) = reset_proof_store_dir(proofs_dir) { + warn!( + "Self-heal: failed to drop proof-store dir {} (continuing — no \ + surviving row references it): {}", + proofs_dir, e + ); + } + } + } + Ok(decision) +} + +#[cfg(test)] +#[path = "self_heal_tests.rs"] +mod tests; diff --git a/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs b/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..355ffacc --- /dev/null +++ b/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ +//! Tests for the circuit-digest self-heal (`self_heal.rs`). +//! +//! Two tiers: +//! +//! * **Pure**: [`reset_decision`] and [`reset_proof_store_dir`] are +//! build-free and I/O-light, so they are exhaustively unit-tested +//! (every match arm, every filesystem outcome) without a circuit build +//! or a database. +//! * **Integration**: [`heal_circuit_digest`] is driven against a +//! per-test Postgres schema (shared `postgres:17` container, issue +//! #181 Opt B) with SYNTHETIC digests + a stub canary outcome — the +//! heal logic never needs a real `Prover`, so the tests stay fast +//! while exercising every decision path end-to-end (rows actually +//! wiped / preserved / baselined, digest actually stored, both +//! detectors driven). +//! +//! This file is excluded from the coverage measurement (the gate's +//! `--ignore-filename-regex` matches `_tests\.rs$`); it exists to drive +//! the gated `self_heal.rs` to 100% lines + functions. The real +//! canary-recursion detector ([`AccountNode::canary_recursion`]) is +//! validated by the live boot-gate repro against the DEV dump documented +//! in the PR; here it is stubbed because building the ~14 s circuit (and +//! a recursable proof) inside a unit test is neither cheap nor what this +//! module's logic needs to cover. + +use super::*; +use crate::account_node::CanaryOutcome; +use crate::test_db::setup_pool; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +// reset_decision — pure, every match arm +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_equal_digest_is_keep() { + // Persisted digest equals the live one: proofs compatible, no reset. + // The canary is ignored on this branch (detector 1 wins). + let digest = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4]; + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(Some(&digest), &digest, CanaryOutcome::NoSample), + ResetDecision::Keep + ); + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(Some(&digest), &digest, CanaryOutcome::Stale), + ResetDecision::Keep, + "a matching digest keeps regardless of the canary signal" + ); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_different_digest_is_reset() { + // Persisted digest differs: detector 1 trips a reset, canary ignored. + assert_eq!( + reset_decision( + Some(b"old-digest"), + b"new-digest", + CanaryOutcome::Compatible + ), + ResetDecision::Reset + ); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_same_length_different_bytes_is_reset() { + // Equal length, differing content → byte-for-byte comparison resets. + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(Some(&[0u8; 4]), &[0u8, 0, 0, 1], CanaryOutcome::Compatible), + ResetDecision::Reset + ); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_no_digest_compatible_canary_is_baseline() { + // No baseline + the canary recurses cleanly: record baseline. + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(None, b"live-digest", CanaryOutcome::Compatible), + ResetDecision::Baseline + ); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_no_digest_no_sample_is_baseline() { + // No baseline + nothing to probe (fresh DB): record baseline. + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(None, b"live-digest", CanaryOutcome::NoSample), + ResetDecision::Baseline + ); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_decision_no_digest_stale_canary_is_reset() { + // No baseline BUT a persisted proof failed to recurse (adoption + // boundary): reset. + assert_eq!( + reset_decision(None, b"live-digest", CanaryOutcome::Stale), + ResetDecision::Reset + ); +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +// reset_proof_store_dir — pure-ish (tempdir), every outcome +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +#[test] +fn reset_proof_store_dir_removes_existing_dir_with_files() { + let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs = dir.path().join("proofs"); + std::fs::create_dir_all(&proofs).expect("mkdir proofs"); + std::fs::write(proofs.join("0.bin"), b"stale-proof").expect("write proof file"); + assert!(proofs.exists()); + + reset_proof_store_dir(proofs.to_str().unwrap()).expect("remove ok"); + + assert!(!proofs.exists(), "proof-store dir must be gone after reset"); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_proof_store_dir_missing_dir_is_ok() { + let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let missing = dir.path().join("does-not-exist"); + assert!(!missing.exists()); + + // NotFound is mapped to Ok — nothing to clean is success. + reset_proof_store_dir(missing.to_str().unwrap()).expect("missing dir is ok"); +} + +#[test] +fn reset_proof_store_dir_propagates_non_notfound_error() { + // A path whose PARENT is a regular file (not a directory) makes + // `remove_dir_all` fail with an error that is NOT NotFound + // (NotADirectory / other), exercising the error-propagation arm. + let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let file = dir.path().join("regular-file"); + std::fs::write(&file, b"i am a file").expect("write file"); + let bogus = file.join("child"); // /child — parent is a file + + let err = reset_proof_store_dir(bogus.to_str().unwrap()) + .expect_err("removing a path under a regular file must error"); + assert_ne!( + err.kind(), + std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, + "error must be the propagated non-NotFound variant, got {:?}", + err + ); +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +// heal_circuit_digest — integration against per-test Postgres schema, +// synthetic digests + stub canary (no Prover build needed) +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +/// Seed one account + an SMT/MMR snapshot so the Reset path has +/// something to actually wipe. +async fn seed_proof_dependent_state(pool: &sqlx::PgPool) { + db::upsert_account(pool, &[7u8; 32], b"stale-account-blob") + .await + .expect("seed account"); + let prev_root = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[0x10u8; 32]); + let smt_root = zkcoins_program::hash::digest_from_bytes(&[0x20u8; 32]); + db::persist_state_tx( + pool, + b"smt-blob", + b"mmr-blob", + &[0xCCu8; 32], + Some((&prev_root, &smt_root, 3)), + ) + .await + .expect("seed state"); +} + +async fn count_accounts(pool: &sqlx::PgPool) -> i64 { + let (n,): (i64,) = sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM accounts") + .fetch_one(pool) + .await + .expect("count accounts"); + n +} + +/// A canary stub that fails the test if it is ever called — used to +/// assert the digest-present fast path never runs the (expensive) probe. +fn canary_must_not_run() -> CanaryOutcome { + panic!("canary must NOT run when a digest is already persisted"); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_baseline_compatible_canary_stores_digest_without_wiping_state() { + // No persisted digest, the canary recurses cleanly (Compatible): + // record baseline, do NOT wipe. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let proofs = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs_dir = proofs.path().to_str().unwrap(); + + seed_proof_dependent_state(&pool).await; + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); + + let live = b"digest-A"; + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, live, proofs_dir, &|| CanaryOutcome::Compatible) + .await + .expect("heal ok"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Baseline); + assert_eq!( + db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().as_deref(), + Some(&live[..]) + ); + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_baseline_no_sample_records_digest() { + // No persisted digest and the canary has no sample (truly fresh DB): + // baseline. Drives the `NoSample` arm. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let proofs = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs_dir = proofs.path().to_str().unwrap(); + + let live = b"fresh-digest"; + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, live, proofs_dir, &|| CanaryOutcome::NoSample) + .await + .expect("heal ok"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Baseline); + assert_eq!( + db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().as_deref(), + Some(&live[..]) + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_keep_leaves_everything_untouched_and_skips_canary() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let proofs = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs_dir = proofs.path().to_str().unwrap(); + + let live = b"digest-MATCH"; + db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, live) + .await + .expect("store digest"); + seed_proof_dependent_state(&pool).await; + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); + + // The canary panics if run — a persisted digest is present, so + // detector 2 must be skipped and the matching digest keeps. + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, live, proofs_dir, &canary_must_not_run) + .await + .expect("heal ok"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Keep); + assert_eq!( + db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().as_deref(), + Some(&live[..]) + ); + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_reset_on_digest_mismatch_wipes_state_and_skips_canary() { + // Detector 1: a persisted digest differs from the live one. Wipe, + // and the canary must NOT run (detector 1 is authoritative). + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let proofs = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs_subdir = proofs.path().join("proofs"); + std::fs::create_dir_all(&proofs_subdir).expect("mkdir"); + std::fs::write(proofs_subdir.join("0.bin"), b"stale").expect("write"); + let proofs_dir = proofs_subdir.to_str().unwrap(); + + db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"OLD") + .await + .expect("store old"); + seed_proof_dependent_state(&pool).await; + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); + + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, b"NEW", proofs_dir, &canary_must_not_run) + .await + .expect("heal ok"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Reset); + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 0, "stale account discarded"); + assert_eq!(db::load_smt(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert_eq!(db::load_mmr(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert_eq!(db::load_latest_block(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert!(db::load_root_indices(&pool).await.unwrap().is_empty()); + assert_eq!( + db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().as_deref(), + Some(&b"NEW"[..]) + ); + assert!(!proofs_subdir.exists(), "proof-store dir wiped"); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_reset_on_adoption_boundary_stale_canary() { + // THE adoption-boundary case (the real DEV-dump scenario): NO + // persisted digest, but the canary recursion of a persisted proof + // fails (Stale). Detector 2 trips a full reset so the next mint/send + // proves on the clean Initial branch. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let proofs = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let proofs_dir = proofs.path().to_str().unwrap(); + + seed_proof_dependent_state(&pool).await; + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); + + let live = b"current-digest"; + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, live, proofs_dir, &|| CanaryOutcome::Stale) + .await + .expect("heal ok"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Reset); + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 0, "stale account wiped"); + assert_eq!(db::load_smt(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + assert_eq!( + db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().as_deref(), + Some(&live[..]) + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_reset_swallows_proof_store_cleanup_error() { + // The Postgres reset is transactional and must succeed; a failure to + // drop the proof-store directory is logged and swallowed. Point the + // proofs_dir at a path under a regular file so `remove_dir_all` + // returns a non-NotFound error; heal must still return Ok(Reset). + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir"); + let file = tmp.path().join("not-a-dir"); + std::fs::write(&file, b"file").expect("write file"); + let bogus = file.join("child"); + let bogus_dir = bogus.to_str().unwrap(); + + db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"OLD") + .await + .expect("store old"); + seed_proof_dependent_state(&pool).await; + + let decision = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, b"NEW", bogus_dir, &canary_must_not_run) + .await + .expect("heal still Ok despite proof-store cleanup error"); + + assert_eq!(decision, ResetDecision::Reset); + assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 0); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_propagates_db_error() { + // A DB error on the digest load aborts and propagates. + let pool = sqlx::postgres::PgPoolOptions::new() + .max_connections(1) + .acquire_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)) + .connect_lazy("postgres://postgres:postgres@127.0.0.1:1/postgres") + .expect("connect_lazy never fails"); + + let err = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, b"live", "/tmp/whatever", &|| CanaryOutcome::NoSample) + .await + .expect_err("heal must fail when DB is unreachable"); + assert!( + matches!( + err, + sqlx::Error::PoolTimedOut | sqlx::Error::Io(_) | sqlx::Error::Database(_) + ), + "unexpected error: {:?}", + err + ); +} + +// The two tests below cover the `?` error-propagation arms of the +// `db::*` calls INSIDE `heal_circuit_digest` (the digest load succeeds, a +// LATER call fails). Each manipulates the schema after the digest load so +// the targeted inner query errors on a live connection — the only way to +// reach these arms without a flaky mid-flight disconnect. + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_propagates_error_from_store_digest_on_baseline() { + // Baseline path (no persisted digest, canary NoSample) → + // `db::store_circuit_digest` runs. The digest LOAD must still succeed + // (return None), so we cannot drop the table — instead install a + // BEFORE INSERT trigger that raises, so SELECT (the load) works but + // INSERT (the store) errors and the `?` on `db::store_circuit_digest` + // propagates. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + sqlx::query( + "CREATE FUNCTION reject_digest_insert() RETURNS trigger AS \ + $$ BEGIN RAISE EXCEPTION 'no inserts allowed'; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql", + ) + .execute(&pool) + .await + .expect("create trigger fn"); + sqlx::query( + "CREATE TRIGGER reject_digest_insert_trg BEFORE INSERT ON circuit_digest_meta \ + FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION reject_digest_insert()", + ) + .execute(&pool) + .await + .expect("create trigger"); + + let err = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, b"live", "/tmp/whatever", &|| CanaryOutcome::NoSample) + .await + .expect_err("heal must propagate the store-digest error"); + assert!( + matches!(err, sqlx::Error::Database(_)), + "unexpected: {:?}", + err + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn heal_propagates_error_from_reset_tx() { + // Detector 1 trips a reset (persisted digest differs). Drop the + // `accounts` table so the reset transaction's first DELETE errors and + // the `?` on `db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx` propagates. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"OLD") + .await + .expect("store old digest"); + sqlx::query("DROP TABLE accounts CASCADE") + .execute(&pool) + .await + .expect("drop accounts"); + + let err = heal_circuit_digest(&pool, b"NEW", "/tmp/whatever", &canary_must_not_run) + .await + .expect_err("heal must propagate the reset-tx error"); + assert!( + matches!(err, sqlx::Error::Database(_)), + "unexpected: {:?}", + err + ); +} diff --git a/script-plonky2/Cargo.toml b/script-plonky2/Cargo.toml index 1294fce4..5a0d7922 100644 --- a/script-plonky2/Cargo.toml +++ b/script-plonky2/Cargo.toml @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ edition = "2021" zkcoins-program-plonky2 = { path = "../program-plonky2" } plonky2 = "1.1.0" anyhow = "1.0" +bincode = "1.3" [lints.rust] unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(coverage_nightly)"] } diff --git a/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs b/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs index 9463efd3..dbd97fac 100644 --- a/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs +++ b/script-plonky2/src/lib.rs @@ -291,6 +291,37 @@ impl Prover { pub fn verify(&self, proof: &Proof) -> Result<()> { verify(&self.circuit, proof) } + + /// Stable byte encoding of this circuit's verifier-key + /// `circuit_digest` (the cyclic recursion's fixed-point digest, + /// a `HashOut` of 4 Goldilocks field elements). + /// + /// The node persists this at boot and compares it against the digest + /// of the previously-running build as the cheap steady-state + /// staleness fast path (`node::self_heal::reset_decision`). The + /// digest is `Poseidon(constants_sigmas_cap || domain_separator || + /// degree_bits)` — it is **deterministic across separate builds of + /// identical circuit code** (no timestamp / nonce; verified against + /// the live DEV dump, whose proofs carried a byte-identical digest to + /// a later rebuild). A digest change therefore reliably signals a + /// circuit change. + /// + /// The converse does NOT hold: the digest does **not** encode the + /// gate *constraints* (see upstream `circuit_builder.rs` "TODO: This + /// should also include an encoding of gate constraints"), so a change + /// that alters constraint behaviour while preserving the + /// constants/sigmas cap + degree leaves the digest UNCHANGED yet can + /// still break recursion. That blind spot is why the boot self-heal + /// pairs this comparison with a canary recursion probe on the + /// adoption boundary — see `node::self_heal` and + /// `node::account_node::AccountNode::canary_recursion`. + /// + /// The encoding is `bincode::serialize` of the `HashOut`; the bytes + /// are opaque to the comparison — only equality matters. + pub fn circuit_digest_bytes(&self) -> Vec { + bincode::serialize(&self.circuit.data.verifier_only.circuit_digest) + .expect("HashOut bincode-serialize is infallible") + } } #[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))] From 242ca779619b332e4d0d537b5e3a9271bf11509c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 22:05:02 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/19] ci: simplify test gating to a 2-tier model (drop db/prover subsets) (#205) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * ci: collapse test gating to 2 tiers (lint&build default, ci:full = full gate) Replace the 3-tier test-gating model with a clean 2-tier model: - Tier 1 `Lint & Build` (GitHub-hosted) — the default; runs on every non-draft PR and every push, no label required. - Tier 2 `Tests + Coverage Gate (M3 Ultra)` — opt-in via the `ci:full` label; the full node + shared nextest suite under llvm-cov including the Postgres db_tests, the Plonky2 prover flows, and the 100% line + function coverage gate, in one job. Changes: - Remove the `DB Subset Tests` and `Prover Subset Tests` jobs, the `ci:db` / `ci:prover` labels, and the `!contains(... 'ci:full')` mutual-exclusion clauses entirely. The heavy gate is a strict superset of both subsets, so they only added filter-drift maintenance burden without extending coverage. - Rewrite the ci.yaml header / inline comments to the 2-tier model. - Keep `.config/nextest.toml` (jobs-endpoint max-threads=2 from #196); update its comment to note the cap now guards the full gate generally rather than the removed DB Subset job. - Auto-promote: label the staging -> develop Promote PR with `ci:full` automatically (mirrors the develop -> main Release PR), so every promotion is validated against the full gate. Adds `issues: write` for `gh label create`. - CONTRIBUTING.md: rewrite all 3-tier / subset references to 2-tier. * ci: scrub internal runner hostname from ci.yaml comments The Tier-2 comment block named the internal CI host (dfx01) and its agent/core topology. This repo is public; replace with neutral 'shared self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool' wording. No workflow logic changes. --- .config/nextest.toml | 26 +- .../workflows/auto-release-pr-staging.yaml | 24 +- .github/workflows/ci.yaml | 454 ++++-------------- CONTRIBUTING.md | 52 +- 4 files changed, 155 insertions(+), 401 deletions(-) diff --git a/.config/nextest.toml b/.config/nextest.toml index c3f6a487..15c068d8 100644 --- a/.config/nextest.toml +++ b/.config/nextest.toml @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ # # Discovered from the workspace root (the directory holding the # top-level `[workspace]` `Cargo.toml`), so it applies to both -# `cargo nextest run` (the CI subset gates) and `cargo llvm-cov -# nextest` (the coverage gate) — both drive the suite through nextest -# and honour this file. It carries NO coverage semantics of its own, -# so the 100% line/function gate is unaffected. +# `cargo nextest run` (local runs) and `cargo llvm-cov nextest` (the +# CI `Tests + Coverage Gate` job) — both drive the suite through +# nextest and honour this file. It carries NO coverage semantics of +# its own, so the 100% line/function gate is unaffected. [test-groups] # Concurrency cap for the heaviest Postgres-touching test module. @@ -23,13 +23,17 @@ # exceed the pool's 60 s `acquire_timeout` and surface as # `create: PoolTimedOut`. # -# This was invisible at the `--test-threads 1` default and stays green -# in the full coverage gate (same `--test-threads 8`, but the heavy -# `jobs_endpoint_tests` are interleaved across ~440 tests rather than -# packed into the narrow DB subset). The "DB Subset Tests" job selects -# `test(/^router::tests::jobs_/)` alongside `db::tests`/`job_store::tests` -# etc., so the migration-replaying tests cluster and the contention -# tips over. +# This was invisible at the `--test-threads 1` default. Capping the +# group keeps the `Tests + Coverage Gate` (the single `ci:full` job, +# `--test-threads 8`) safe: the `jobs_endpoint_tests` are interleaved +# across ~440 tests there, but the cap still guarantees no more than +# two migration replays race at once regardless of how the scheduler +# packs the run. The cap originally surfaced under the now-removed +# "DB Subset Tests" job, which selected `test(/^router::tests::jobs_/)` +# alongside `db::tests` / `job_store::tests` etc. so the +# migration-replaying tests clustered and the contention tipped over; +# the cap is retained because it is the general guard for this group +# in the full gate, not specific to that subset. # # Capping this group at 2 concurrent threads keeps useful parallelism # while bounding simultaneous migration replays so connection diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto-release-pr-staging.yaml b/.github/workflows/auto-release-pr-staging.yaml index ed848c3d..5e4b9ad9 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/auto-release-pr-staging.yaml +++ b/.github/workflows/auto-release-pr-staging.yaml @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ on: permissions: contents: read pull-requests: write + issues: write # required by `gh label create` concurrency: group: auto-release-pr-staging @@ -48,12 +49,6 @@ jobs: GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} COMMIT_COUNT: ${{ steps.check-diff.outputs.commit_count }} run: | - # Promote PRs intentionally do NOT apply the `ci:full` label. - # The heavy M3 Ultra test + coverage gate stays reserved for - # the develop → main Release PR (auto-release-pr.yaml), which - # remains the authoritative pre-PRD gate. Promote PRs run the - # slim `Lint & Build` job + Analyze / CodeQL, mirroring what - # every ready feature PR sees. printf '%s\n' \ "## Automatic Promote PR" \ "" \ @@ -64,14 +59,29 @@ jobs: "- [ ] Merge to promote staging to develop (deploys to DEV)" \ > /tmp/pr-body.md + # `ci:full` opts the PR into the heavy M3 Ultra test + + # coverage gate (see ci.yaml). Promotions to `develop` deploy + # to DEV, so we want every promotion validated against the + # full gate (DB + prover + 100% coverage) rather than only + # the develop → main Release PR — apply the label on creation + # rather than relying on a human to remember the click. + # Mirrors auto-release-pr.yaml (develop → main). + gh label create ci:full \ + --color FFA500 \ + --description "Run heavy M3 Ultra test + coverage jobs on this PR" \ + 2>/dev/null || true + # Created as DRAFT so the operator's `gh pr ready` is the # explicit gate that fires a `ready_for_review` event and # triggers ci.yaml — PRs opened via GITHUB_TOKEN would # otherwise hit GitHub's anti-recursion policy and skip - # downstream workflows entirely. + # downstream workflows entirely. The `ci:full` label is still + # applied at creation so the heavy gate runs as soon as the + # PR is marked ready. gh pr create \ --draft \ --base develop \ --head staging \ --title "Promote: staging -> develop" \ + --label ci:full \ --body-file /tmp/pr-body.md diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml index 42eb1de1..8af83984 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml @@ -29,17 +29,16 @@ on: # `if:` guard on each job (saves self-hosted-runner time while # work is still in progress). # - # `labeled` / `unlabeled` are added so toggling the `ci:full`, - # `ci:db`, or `ci:prover` labels triggers (or removes) the - # corresponding self-hosted-runner jobs on demand — see the - # `test-and-coverage`, `db-tests`, and `prover-tests` jobs below. + # `labeled` / `unlabeled` are added so toggling the `ci:full` label + # triggers (or removes) the heavy self-hosted-runner gate on demand + # — see the `test-and-coverage` job below. pull_request: types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review, labeled, unlabeled] concurrency: # Group by PR number so a new push to the same PR cancels the - # in-flight Heavy run on the outdated commit. The m3-ultra pool - # (6 runner agents on dfx01) is shared with every other open PR — + # in-flight Heavy run on the outdated commit. The self-hosted + # M3 Ultra runner pool is shared with every other open PR — # letting an obsolete 60-90-min run finish wastes a slot another # PR could use. Grouping by SHA (the previous approach) put every # commit in its own group, so `cancel-in-progress: true` never @@ -70,35 +69,35 @@ permissions: env: CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always -# Job topology: +# Job topology — a two-tier test-gating model: # -# * `lint-and-build` — GitHub-hosted Linux. Catches cross-platform -# compile bitrot and lint regressions cheaply. Runs in PARALLEL -# with the m3-ultra jobs below — it no longer gates them via -# `needs:`. Each job carries its own draft/label `if:` guard, so a -# lint failure no longer blocks the heavy tests from starting -# (deliberate: parallel feedback. Trade-off: on a lint failure the -# m3-ultra runner time is spent regardless). +# * Tier 1 — `lint-and-build` — GitHub-hosted Linux, the DEFAULT. +# Runs on every non-draft PR and every push with no label required. +# Catches cross-platform compile bitrot and lint regressions +# cheaply. Runs in PARALLEL with the heavy gate below — it does not +# gate it via `needs:`. Each job carries its own draft/label `if:` +# guard, so a lint failure does not block the heavy gate from +# starting (deliberate: parallel feedback. Trade-off: on a lint +# failure the m3-ultra runner time is spent regardless). # -# * `db-tests` / `prover-tests` — narrow, label-gated subsets on the -# m3-ultra pool for fast developer iteration. They run plain -# `cargo nextest` (no llvm-cov instrumentation), enforce NO -# coverage gate, and only execute the tests relevant to the area -# the developer is working on. Two labels: -# - `ci:db` → Postgres / state / coordinator (~15 min) -# - `ci:prover` → Plonky2-heavy mint/send/receive (~25 min) -# Both are mutually exclusive with `ci:full`: a PR carrying -# `ci:full` skips the subset jobs because the heavy gate is a -# strict superset (runs every test the subsets do, plus the -# coverage gate). See the `if:` guard on each subset job. +# * Tier 2 — `test-and-coverage` — the authoritative test + coverage +# gate, opt-in via the `ci:full` label. Single heavy job (~60-90 min +# on the shared self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool). It runs the FULL +# node + shared nextest suite under llvm-cov instrumentation: the Postgres +# `db_tests`, the Plonky2-heavy mint/send/receive prover flows, and +# the 100% line + function coverage gate, all in one binary run. +# Gated behind `ci:full` so we don't burn runner time on every +# speculative PR — apply the label when the PR is ready for the +# authoritative gate. Both auto-promote PRs (staging -> develop and +# develop -> main) get the label applied automatically by +# auto-release-pr-staging.yaml / auto-release-pr.yaml. # -# * `test-and-coverage` — the authoritative test + coverage gate. -# Single heavy job (~60-90 min on a self-hosted M3 Ultra runner — -# one of 6 agents on dfx01 sharing the host's 96 GB / 28 cores). -# Gated behind the `ci:full` label so we don't burn runner time on -# every speculative PR — apply the label when the PR is ready for -# the authoritative gate. The Release PR (`develop -> main`) gets -# the label applied automatically by auto-release-pr.yaml. +# There is no third "subset" tier: a test either runs in the default +# Lint & Build (compile/lint) or comes in with `ci:full` (the full +# suite). The previous narrow per-area subset jobs (and their +# per-area opt-in labels) were removed — the heavy gate is a strict +# superset of everything they selected, so they added a maintenance +# burden (filter drift) without extending coverage. # # Why test + coverage are merged into one job: the previous topology # had a `node-tests` job and a separate `coverage` job, both @@ -121,10 +120,10 @@ env: jobs: lint-and-build: name: Lint & Build - # Skip on draft PRs. The m3-ultra jobs each carry the same - # draft/push guard on their own `if:` (they used to inherit it via - # `needs: lint-and-build`, which has been removed so they run in - # parallel with this job). + # Skip on draft PRs. The heavy `test-and-coverage` gate carries + # the same draft/push guard plus the `ci:full` label check on its + # own `if:`, so it runs in parallel with this job rather than + # gating behind it via `needs:`. if: github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false runs-on: ubuntu-latest timeout-minutes: 20 @@ -190,305 +189,6 @@ jobs: - name: Build node (all features — self-host opt-in build) run: cargo build -p node --all-features - db-tests: - name: DB Subset Tests (M3 Ultra) - # Narrow label-gated subset for fast developer iteration on - # Postgres / state / coordinator changes. Runs ONLY the tests - # that touch the storage layer, the coordinator state machine, - # the username registry, the audit log, the publisher/runtime - # plumbing, and the router job endpoints. Estimated ~15 min on - # an M3 Ultra agent. - # - # Mutually exclusive with `ci:full`: if a PR carries `ci:full`, - # the heavy `test-and-coverage` job already runs the entire - # suite (including everything below) plus the coverage gate, so - # running this subset would just waste an m3-ultra agent slot. - # The `&& !contains(... 'ci:full')` clause enforces that. - # - # Plain `cargo nextest` (no llvm-cov wrapping): subset gates are - # for iteration speed; the authoritative 100% coverage gate - # stays exclusive to `test-and-coverage` / `ci:full`. - if: >- - (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false) - && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci:db') - && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci:full') - runs-on: [self-hosted, m3-ultra] - timeout-minutes: 45 - env: - # All three chain-shaping env vars are required by the node - # bootstrap — no defaults exist (see - # `lib::build_network_config_from_env`). CI uses - # `127.0.0.1:1` endpoints so any test that exercises the commit - # pipeline / scanner WS fails fast instead of reaching a public - # third-party host (a previous Mutinynet-flavoured silent - # fallback used to add >60 s per test). - IS_MAINNET: "false" - ESPLORA_URL: http://127.0.0.1:1/api - ESPLORA_WS_URL: ws://127.0.0.1:1/api/v1/ws - # `USERNAME_DOMAIN` is required by the node bootstrap (no - # default — see node/src/main.rs and issue #95). The test value - # is irrelevant for the `info_returns_*` assertions (they only - # check non-empty + shape). - USERNAME_DOMAIN: test.zkcoins.local - # `PUBLISHER_KEY` is required on every network (no default — - # see `node/src/lib.rs`). The previous `1234567890abcdef…` - # fallback was a publicly-known test key that drainer bots - # swept within minutes of any on-chain top-up; the fallback was - # removed network-wide in the "require PUBLISHER_KEY on every - # network" hardening. The value below is a syntactically valid - # 32-byte hex placeholder (`0000…0001`) chosen so a future grep - # for the burned `1234…` key returns empty across the repo + - # CI config; it is NOT a secret and MUST NEVER be reused on any - # chain that holds value. The same value is hard-coded in the - # test mocks at `node/src/router_tests.rs` so the wiremock'd - # publisher address path matches the lazy_static-derived - # `PUBLISHER_ADDRESS`. - PUBLISHER_KEY: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001" - # `db_tests` use the `testcontainers` crate, which talks to the - # local Docker daemon. The self-hosted runner runs Colima (not - # Docker Desktop), whose socket lives under the runner user's - # home directory. `testcontainers` defaults to - # `/var/run/docker.sock`, which does not exist on Colima, so - # the `Set DOCKER_HOST` step below points it at the real - # socket via `$HOME` — same value the `docker info` step picks - # up implicitly via the default `docker` context. - # `sccache` wraps `rustc` and caches compiled crates across CI - # runs. The M3 Ultra runner agents are self-hosted, so the - # cache lives on local disk and survives between jobs — the - # speedup is biggest for PR pushes that re-touch the same - # dependency set. - RUSTC_WRAPPER: sccache - # Bump cache cap above sccache's 10-GiB default. The cache is - # user-level (~/Library/Caches/Mozilla.sccache) and shared by - # every m3-ultra agent on the host; with 3+ parallel agents - # the 10-GiB default thrashed — writes from one agent evicted - # hits another had not consumed yet. 50 GiB fits the current - # working set with room to grow; the host has >600 GiB free - # disk. The server only reads SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE at start, so - # the install step below restarts it when the running cap - # differs from this value. - SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: "50G" - steps: - - name: Checkout - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - # The launchd-spawned runner agent inherits a minimal PATH that - # includes /opt/homebrew/bin (where a stable Rust lives) but - # not ~/.cargo/bin (where rustup proxies live). Without this - # step, `cargo` resolves to Homebrew's stable cargo, the - # rust-toolchain file pinning nightly is ignored, and - # dependencies that need `#![feature(...)]` (e.g. plonky2_field) - # fail to compile. Prepend ~/.cargo/bin so the rustup proxy is - # found first and reads the workspace rust-toolchain. - - name: Prepend ~/.cargo/bin to PATH (use rustup proxy, not Homebrew Rust) - run: echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH" - - # Point `testcontainers` at the Colima socket under the runner - # user's home; see the `DOCKER_HOST` comment in the job env - # block above. Set in a step (not the static `env:` block) so - # the path resolves from `$HOME` at runtime instead of being - # hard-coded. - - name: Set DOCKER_HOST for Colima socket - run: echo "DOCKER_HOST=unix://$HOME/.colima/default/docker.sock" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" - - # `sccache` (compile cache) and `cargo-nextest` (test runner) - # are installed once per runner via Homebrew. Re-running on a - # host where they already exist is a no-op. Start sccache's - # server explicitly so the first compile step has a warm cache - # daemon and print stats up-front for visibility in the run - # log. - # - # If a server is already running with a different cap than the - # requested SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE (e.g. carried over from a - # previous workflow version), stop it so the next - # --start-server picks up the new env value. The on-disk cache - # files survive the restart. - - name: Ensure sccache + cargo-nextest are installed - run: | - command -v sccache >/dev/null || brew install sccache - command -v cargo-nextest >/dev/null || brew install cargo-nextest - if ! sccache --show-stats 2>/dev/null | grep -qE "Max cache size +50 GiB"; then - sccache --stop-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true - fi - sccache --start-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true - sccache --show-stats - - # `db_tests` use testcontainers to spin up a real Postgres 17 - # per test. The runner host has Docker (via Colima) available - # on PATH; fail fast with a readable error if it ever goes - # away, instead of letting the test suite die 5 minutes into - # the run with a hard-to-read bollard error. - - name: Verify Docker is reachable (testcontainers dependency) - run: docker info > /dev/null - - # Subset filter — DB / state / coordinator paths only. - # Module path notes (verified against node/src/ tree on this branch): - # - `_tests.rs` files are mounted via `mod tests;` - # under the owning module (e.g. `db::tests::*`, - # `state::tests::*`). - # - `main_tests.rs` is mounted by `lib.rs` at crate root as - # `mod tests` — so its tests appear as `tests::*` in - # nextest output (NOT `main::tests::*`). - # - `job_store::tests::*` and `router::tests::jobs_*` are - # included for forward compatibility with the jobs-API - # stack landing in app#141 / node#161-#163; if a pattern - # matches no tests today it is a harmless no-op. - # - `shared` crate tests live under `commitment::tests::*` - # and are pulled in by `-p shared`. - # `api_remote` is the live-DEV-node integration test - # (node/tests/api_remote.rs). It targets - # `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app` by default and is meant to run - # AFTER a deploy, from the `api-e2e` job in deploy-dev.yaml — - # not against whatever DEV currently runs while a PR is still - # open. Excluded here for the same reason as in - # `test-and-coverage`. - - name: Run DB subset (release, plain nextest, no coverage) - # `--test-threads=8` (issue #181 Opt A): the M3 Ultra runner - # has 24 cores; Plonky2 prove tests are Rayon-bound and pin - # every available core internally, so 8 outer nextest threads - # leaves enough headroom for the Rayon pool without - # over-subscribing. Per-test schema isolation (#182) + - # cross-process file lock around the shared container - # (`test_db::init_shared_pg`) make the suite parallel-safe. - run: | - cargo nextest run -p node -p shared --release --all-features --test-threads 8 \ - -E 'not binary(api_remote) & (test(/^db::tests::/) + test(/^state::tests::/) + test(/^job_store::tests::/) + test(/^audit::tests::/) + test(/^username::tests::/) + test(/^router::tests::jobs_/) + test(/^r2_probe::tests::/) + test(/^tests::build_network_config_/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_persist/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_load/) + test(/^publisher::tests::/) + test(/^runtime::tests::/) + test(/^commitment::tests::/))' - - # Tear down the shared test container created by - # `test_db::setup_pool` via testcontainers' `ReuseDirective:: - # Always` (see `node/src/test_db.rs`). The reuse flag tells - # testcontainers NOT to drop the container at process exit so - # every `cargo nextest` test process can attach to the same - # daemon-side container — but that means nobody removes it - # either. Always-on cleanup so a stale container from one PR - # run cannot bleed into the next on the same self-hosted - # runner (different image hash → reuse-lookup misses → fresh - # spawn, but the stale row leaks until manual cleanup). - - name: Tear down shared test Postgres container - if: always() - run: docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg 2>/dev/null || true - - - name: sccache stats (post-build) - if: always() - run: sccache --show-stats - - # Mirror of the `notify-failure` job downstream, scoped to this - # subset so the operator sees DB-subset failures too (the - # `notify-failure` job only fires when one of its `needs:` - # transitions to `failure`, and chaining subset jobs into that - # list would make a single subset failure mask the heavy gate's - # status under the workflow-level conclusion). - - name: Telegram alert on failure - if: failure() - env: - TG_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN }} - TG_CHAT: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID }} - run: | - TEXT=$'❌ '"${{ github.workflow }}"$' / db-tests failed\nRepo: '"${{ github.repository }}"$'\nBranch: '"${{ github.ref_name }}"$'\nRun: '"${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" - curl -sS -X POST "https://api.telegram.org/bot${TG_TOKEN}/sendMessage" \ - --data-urlencode "chat_id=${TG_CHAT}" \ - --data-urlencode "text=${TEXT}" \ - -d "parse_mode=HTML" \ - -d "disable_web_page_preview=true" - - prover-tests: - name: Prover Subset Tests (M3 Ultra) - # Narrow label-gated subset for fast developer iteration on - # Plonky2 prover changes. Runs ONLY the mint / send / receive - # flows in `account_node::tests` plus the persist/load roundtrip - # (which exercises the wallet end-to-end). Estimated ~25 min on - # an M3 Ultra agent. - # - # Mutually exclusive with `ci:full` — see the matching comment - # on `db-tests` above for the rationale. - if: >- - (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false) - && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci:prover') - && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci:full') - runs-on: [self-hosted, m3-ultra] - timeout-minutes: 60 - env: - # Mirror of the `db-tests` env block above — see there for - # rationale on each var. The env shape is identical because - # both subset jobs share the same bootstrap requirements - # (chain-shaping vars are mandatory, the publisher key must - # match the wiremock'd mocks in `router_tests.rs`). - IS_MAINNET: "false" - ESPLORA_URL: http://127.0.0.1:1/api - ESPLORA_WS_URL: ws://127.0.0.1:1/api/v1/ws - USERNAME_DOMAIN: test.zkcoins.local - PUBLISHER_KEY: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001" - RUSTC_WRAPPER: sccache - SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: "50G" - steps: - - name: Checkout - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - - name: Prepend ~/.cargo/bin to PATH (use rustup proxy, not Homebrew Rust) - run: echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH" - - - name: Set DOCKER_HOST for Colima socket - run: echo "DOCKER_HOST=unix://$HOME/.colima/default/docker.sock" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" - - - name: Ensure sccache + cargo-nextest are installed - run: | - command -v sccache >/dev/null || brew install sccache - command -v cargo-nextest >/dev/null || brew install cargo-nextest - if ! sccache --show-stats 2>/dev/null | grep -qE "Max cache size +50 GiB"; then - sccache --stop-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true - fi - sccache --start-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true - sccache --show-stats - - # The `test_persist_and_load_from_pg_roundtrip` test in this - # subset uses testcontainers, so Docker must be reachable. - - name: Verify Docker is reachable (testcontainers dependency) - run: docker info > /dev/null - - # Subset filter — the full account_node send/mint/receive - # surface. Includes both Plonky2-heavy happy paths and pure-Rust - # error-path tests (e.g. `test_send_coins_returns_err_for_unknown_account`, - # `test_send_coins_rejects_too_many_invoices`), so the gate is - # conservative and runs anything touching account-node state - # transitions. The `test_persist_and_load_from_pg_roundtrip` test - # exercises the wallet end-to-end (build → persist → reload → - # reuse), so it lives in BOTH subsets by design; nextest - # deduplicates within a single run, this is harmless when both - # subsets are run on separate PR labels. - - name: Run Prover subset (release, plain nextest, no coverage) - # `--test-threads=8` (issue #181 Opt A): see the rationale on - # the matching `db-tests` step. The prover subset is the - # heaviest Rayon consumer in the suite, so 8 outer threads - # × Rayon-pinned cores is the headroom budget on the 24-core - # M3 Ultra runner. - run: | - cargo nextest run -p node -p shared --release --all-features --test-threads 8 \ - -E 'not binary(api_remote) & (test(/^account_node::tests::test_mint/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_send/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_receive/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_persist_and_load_from_pg_roundtrip/) + test(/^account_node::tests::test_wallet_operations/))' - - # See the matching cleanup step in `db-tests` for the rationale. - - name: Tear down shared test Postgres container - if: always() - run: docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg 2>/dev/null || true - - - name: sccache stats (post-build) - if: always() - run: sccache --show-stats - - # Mirror of the `notify-failure` job downstream — see the - # matching comment on `db-tests` for the rationale. - - name: Telegram alert on failure - if: failure() - env: - TG_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN }} - TG_CHAT: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID }} - run: | - TEXT=$'❌ '"${{ github.workflow }}"$' / prover-tests failed\nRepo: '"${{ github.repository }}"$'\nBranch: '"${{ github.ref_name }}"$'\nRun: '"${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}" - curl -sS -X POST "https://api.telegram.org/bot${TG_TOKEN}/sendMessage" \ - --data-urlencode "chat_id=${TG_CHAT}" \ - --data-urlencode "text=${TEXT}" \ - -d "parse_mode=HTML" \ - -d "disable_web_page_preview=true" - test-and-coverage: name: Tests + Coverage Gate (M3 Ultra, 100% lines + functions) # Authoritative heavy gate: runs the full nextest suite under @@ -498,8 +198,10 @@ jobs: # nextest suite — see the file header for the merge rationale). # # Gated behind the `ci:full` label so we don't burn runner time - # on every speculative PR. The Release PR (`develop -> main`) - # gets the label applied automatically by auto-release-pr.yaml. + # on every speculative PR. Both auto-promote PRs get the label + # applied automatically: staging -> develop by + # auto-release-pr-staging.yaml and develop -> main by + # auto-release-pr.yaml. if: >- (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false) && contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci:full') @@ -521,20 +223,36 @@ jobs: # check non-empty + shape). USERNAME_DOMAIN: test.zkcoins.local # `PUBLISHER_KEY` is required on every network (no default — - # see `node/src/lib.rs`); the value mirrors the subset jobs - # above and is a syntactically valid 32-byte hex placeholder, - # NOT a secret. MUST match `node/src/router_tests.rs` — the - # test mocks derive the wiremock'd publisher address from this - # key. + # see `node/src/lib.rs`); the value is a syntactically valid + # 32-byte hex placeholder, NOT a secret. MUST match + # `node/src/router_tests.rs` — the test mocks derive the + # wiremock'd publisher address from this key. The previous + # `1234567890abcdef…` fallback was a publicly-known test key that + # drainer bots swept within minutes of any on-chain top-up; the + # fallback was removed network-wide. The `0000…0001` value here + # is chosen so a future grep for the burned `1234…` key returns + # empty across the repo + CI config; it MUST NEVER be reused on + # any chain that holds value. PUBLISHER_KEY: "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001" - # `db_tests` use the `testcontainers` crate; see the subset - # jobs above for the rationale. `DOCKER_HOST` is set in a step + # The full suite includes the `db_tests`, which use the + # `testcontainers` crate to spin up a real Postgres 17 per test + # against the local Docker daemon. The self-hosted runner runs + # Colima (not Docker Desktop), whose socket lives under the + # runner user's home directory; `DOCKER_HOST` is set in a step # below so the Colima socket path resolves from `$HOME` at # runtime. - # Same sccache wrapper as the subset jobs; reuses the same - # on-disk cache populated by previous runs on the same runner. + # `sccache` wraps `rustc` and caches compiled crates across CI + # runs. The M3 Ultra runner agents are self-hosted, so the cache + # lives on local disk and survives between jobs. RUSTC_WRAPPER: sccache - # See the subset jobs above for the 50-GiB rationale. + # Bump the cache cap above sccache's 10-GiB default. The cache is + # user-level (~/Library/Caches/Mozilla.sccache) and shared by + # every m3-ultra agent on the host; with 3+ parallel agents the + # 10-GiB default thrashed (writes from one agent evicted hits + # another had not consumed yet). 50 GiB fits the current working + # set with room to grow; the host has >600 GiB free disk. The + # server only reads SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE at start, so the install + # step below restarts it when the running cap differs. SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: "50G" # Activate the workspace's `coverage_nightly` cfg gate so the # `#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]` annotations @@ -546,9 +264,8 @@ jobs: # which silently broke the 100%-line + 100%-function gate the # moment the first annotation landed in the `node` crate. Set # only on this job: the `lint-and-build` job runs stable - # 1.81.0 and would reject `feature(coverage_attribute)`, and - # the subset jobs run plain nextest (no instrumentation) so - # the cfg has no effect there. + # 1.81.0 and would reject `feature(coverage_attribute)`, so the + # cfg has no effect there. RUSTFLAGS: "--cfg coverage_nightly" steps: - name: Checkout @@ -557,14 +274,19 @@ jobs: - name: Prepend ~/.cargo/bin to PATH (use rustup proxy, not Homebrew Rust) run: echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH" - # See the subset jobs above for the rationale; resolves the - # Colima socket path from `$HOME` at runtime. + # Point `testcontainers` at the Colima socket under the runner + # user's home (see the `DOCKER_HOST` comment in the job env block + # above). Set in a step so the path resolves from `$HOME` at + # runtime instead of being hard-coded. - name: Set DOCKER_HOST for Colima socket run: echo "DOCKER_HOST=unix://$HOME/.colima/default/docker.sock" >> "$GITHUB_ENV" - # Same install gate as the subset jobs. Idempotent: no-op on a - # warm runner where both tools already exist. See the subset - # jobs for why we conditionally restart the sccache server. + # `sccache` (compile cache) and `cargo-nextest` (test runner) + # are installed once per runner via Homebrew. Idempotent: no-op + # on a warm runner where both tools already exist. If a server is + # already running with a different cap than the requested + # SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE, stop it so the next --start-server picks up + # the new env value; the on-disk cache files survive the restart. - name: Ensure sccache + cargo-nextest are installed run: | command -v sccache >/dev/null || brew install sccache @@ -575,9 +297,11 @@ jobs: sccache --start-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true sccache --show-stats - # Same `db_tests` as the subset jobs and so needs Docker - # reachable for testcontainers. See the matching check in the - # subset jobs for the rationale. + # The full suite's `db_tests` use testcontainers to spin up a + # real Postgres 17 per test, so Docker (via Colima) must be + # reachable on PATH. Fail fast with a readable error if it ever + # goes away, instead of letting the suite die minutes into the + # run with a hard-to-read bollard error. - name: Verify Docker is reachable (testcontainers dependency) run: docker info > /dev/null @@ -686,7 +410,14 @@ jobs: if-no-files-found: warn retention-days: 14 - # See the matching cleanup step in `db-tests` for the rationale. + # Tear down the shared test container created by + # `test_db::setup_pool` via testcontainers' `ReuseDirective:: + # Always` (see `node/src/test_db.rs`). The reuse flag tells + # testcontainers NOT to drop the container at process exit so + # every `cargo nextest` test process can attach to the same + # daemon-side container — but that means nobody removes it + # either. Always-on cleanup so a stale container from one PR run + # cannot bleed into the next on the same self-hosted runner. - name: Tear down shared test Postgres container if: always() run: docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg 2>/dev/null || true @@ -701,10 +432,7 @@ jobs: # evaluates against the whole `needs:` group: any listed job # transitioning to `failure` triggers it, while skipped jobs # (`test-and-coverage` on a non-ci:full PR, or all jobs on a draft - # PR) and manual cancellation stay silent. The subset jobs - # (`db-tests` / `prover-tests`) fire their own inline Telegram - # alerts so a subset failure does not get masked by the heavy - # gate's status under the workflow-level conclusion. + # PR) and manual cancellation stay silent. notify-failure: name: Telegram alert on failure needs: [lint-and-build, test-and-coverage] diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index 775063bb..f50c2327 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ The five constraints below are decided and apply across every PR on 100% lines / functions / regions, 115 default-run tests (+ 2 `#[ignore]`d `recursion_shape_probe` diagnostics). The authoritative coverage gate for `node` runs in CI on the self-hosted M3 Ultra - runner (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`, `Coverage Gate` job, gated - behind the `ci:full` label on PRs). See `ROADMAP.md` § "Done" for + runner (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`, `Tests + Coverage Gate` job, + gated behind the `ci:full` label on PRs). See `ROADMAP.md` § "Done" for the live test count and breakdown. 5. **Plonky2 is bridge tech; Plonky3 is the long-term destination.** But we do not preemptively adopt BabyBear / Poseidon2 inside this @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ node/ - **Open feature PRs against `staging`** (not `develop`) — `staging` is the integration buffer where multiple feature branches accumulate before being batched into a single `develop` promotion. This keeps `develop` clean for DEV-deploy churn and gives reviewers a smaller blast radius per merge. - **`develop` and `main` are protected** — direct pushes are rejected. `develop` accepts only the auto-PR from `staging`; `main` accepts only the auto-PR from `develop`. Hotfixes still go through `staging` so the same review path applies. -- **`develop` is auto-PR'd from `staging`** by `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` whenever new commits land on `staging`. Merge that PR to promote the batch to DEV. Promote PRs intentionally skip the `ci:full` label — heavy M3 Ultra tests stay reserved for the develop → main Release PR. +- **`develop` is auto-PR'd from `staging`** by `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` whenever new commits land on `staging`. Merge that PR to promote the batch to DEV. The Promote PR is created with the `ci:full` label applied automatically, so every promotion to `develop` is validated against the full M3 Ultra test + coverage gate. - **`main` is auto-PR'd from `develop`** by `auto-release-pr.yaml` (with `ci:full` applied automatically). Merge to release to PRD. - Never force-push, never amend. @@ -888,33 +888,45 @@ See [docs.zkcoins.app/infrastructure/backend](https://docs.zkcoins.app/infrastru | Workflow | Trigger | Action | |---|---|---| -| `ci.yaml` (Lint & Build) | Ready PR → develop, push to develop | `cargo fmt --check`, clippy (MVP + all-features + program lib), build (MVP + all-features) on `ubuntu-latest`. | -| `ci.yaml` (Node + Shared Tests) | Ready PR → develop with `ci:full` label, push to develop | `cargo nextest run -p node -p shared --release --all-features --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)'` on the self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool (issue #40). Parallel after #181 Opt A + Opt B (per-test Postgres-schema isolation + cross-process file lock around the shared `postgres:17` container in `node/src/test_db.rs`). | -| `ci.yaml` (Coverage Gate) | Ready PR → develop with `ci:full` label, push to develop | `cargo llvm-cov nextest` with the 100% line + function gate, MVP scope, on the same runner pool. | +| `ci.yaml` (Lint & Build) | Any ready PR, push to develop | `cargo fmt --check`, clippy (MVP + all-features + program lib), build (MVP + all-features) on `ubuntu-latest`. The default tier — runs on every ready PR regardless of label. | +| `ci.yaml` (Tests + Coverage Gate) | Ready PR with `ci:full` label, push to develop | Single heavy job on the self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool (issue #40): `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features … --fail-under-lines 100 --fail-under-functions 100 --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)'` — runs the full node + shared suite under llvm-cov instrumentation, producing test execution AND the 100% line + function coverage gate (MVP scope) in a single binary run. Parallel-safe after #181 Opt A + Opt B (per-test Postgres-schema isolation + cross-process file lock around the shared `postgres:17` container in `node/src/test_db.rs`). | | `deploy-dev.yaml` | Push to develop | Docker build (ARM64) → push `zkcoins/node:beta` → deploy to DEV | | `deploy-prd.yaml` | Push to main | Docker build (ARM64) → push `zkcoins/node:latest` → deploy to PRD | -| `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` | Push to staging | Creates Promote PR (staging → develop) | +| `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` | Push to staging | Creates Promote PR (staging → develop) with `ci:full` label | | `auto-release-pr.yaml` | Push to develop | Creates Release PR (develop → main) with `ci:full` label | +CI test gating is a **two-tier model**: + +- **Tier 1 — `Lint & Build`** (fast, GitHub-hosted, free) is the + default. It runs on every ready PR push and every `push to develop`, + with no label required. +- **Tier 2 — `Tests + Coverage Gate`** (the authoritative ~60-90 min + M3 Ultra job) is opt-in via the `ci:full` label. It is the full + node + shared nextest suite under llvm-cov, including the 100% line + + function coverage gate, the Postgres `db_tests`, and the + Plonky2-heavy prover flows — a single job, no narrower subset tier. + **Draft PRs** skip every `ci.yaml` job — the workflow fires once the PR is marked ready-for-review. -**Heavy jobs** (`Node + Shared Tests`, `Coverage Gate`) additionally -require the `ci:full` label on a ready PR. Apply the label when the -PR is in shape to run against the authoritative ~60-90 min M3 Ultra -gate; remove it before the next push to keep an agent free for other -work. `Lint & Build` (fast, GitHub-hosted, free) keeps running on -every ready-PR push. +Apply the `ci:full` label when the PR is in shape to run against the +authoritative gate; remove it before the next push to keep an M3 Ultra +agent free for other work. `Lint & Build` keeps running on every +ready-PR push regardless of the label. `push to develop` always runs the full gate — the post-merge run on `develop` is the source of truth, and `deploy-dev.yaml` consumes its -result via the auto-release PR's check rollup. - -To stop a Heavy run that is already executing, removing the `ci:full` -label is *not* enough — the workflow isolates label events into their -own concurrency group so an unrelated label toggle doesn't cancel an -in-flight 60-min run. If you need to free an agent immediately, use -`gh run cancel ` (the run id is on the PR's checks tab). +result via the auto-release PR's check rollup. Both auto-promote PRs +(staging → develop and develop → main) are created with `ci:full` +applied automatically, so every promotion is validated against the +full gate. + +To stop a `ci:full` run that is already executing, removing the +`ci:full` label is *not* enough — the workflow isolates label events +into their own concurrency group so an unrelated label toggle doesn't +cancel an in-flight 60-min run. If you need to free an agent +immediately, use `gh run cancel ` (the run id is on the PR's +checks tab). Build time is ~5 minutes (Rust compilation on ARM64). From e6a82ecf223d592f7c0db5d78a79bde812a7a885 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 22:14:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/19] docs: scrub internal infrastructure references from the public repo (#206) * docs: scrub internal infrastructure references from the public repo Replace internal host names, agent names, and host topology details (dfx01/dfxdev/dfxprd/dfxai and concrete runner-agent names) with neutral placeholders across docs and source comments. Public facts are kept intentionally: the Mac Studio M3 Ultra / 96 GB hardware target, the m3-ultra runner label, R2 probe perf numbers, the zk-coins/server -> zk-coins/node RUNNER_DIR names, and the *.zkcoins.local test fixtures. The node/src/*.rs changes are comment-only; runtime behaviour is unchanged. .github/workflows/ci.yaml is intentionally untouched here (scrubbed separately in PR #205). * docs: remove internal Kuma monitor URL and align runner pool count Review caught a remaining internal infra hostname: router.rs named the internal Uptime-Kuma URL (kuma.dfxserve.com) in a doc comment. Replace with a neutral 'external uptime monitor (Uptime-Kuma)' reference. Also restore the concrete '6 agents' pool count in the ci-runner README for consistency with the rest of the doc (the count is not an identifier; only the host-derived agent names were scrubbed). --- CONTRIBUTING.md | 2 +- MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md | 4 ++-- node/src/account_node.rs | 2 +- node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs | 2 +- node/src/db.rs | 2 +- node/src/router.rs | 6 +++--- node/src/runtime.rs | 2 +- scripts/ci-runner/README.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++---------------- 8 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index f50c2327..0e16918b 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ instead of ~21 s; the cold-tax shifts from the first post-deploy user request to whichever request arrives during the warmup window. -Empirical numbers (dfxdev R2 probe, 2026-05-31): +Empirical numbers (DEV-host R2 probe, 2026-05-31): | Stage | Wall (ms) | Notes | |---|---|---| diff --git a/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md b/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md index 121c3795..c218472e 100644 --- a/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md +++ b/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md @@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ i.e. `{"track-tx": ""}` as a top-level key — exactly the shape `websocket-handler.ts` parses. The publisher's frame did not follow this convention. -**Empirical verification (dfxdev, post-PR-#144 re-probe, May 2026).** +**Empirical verification (DEV host, post-PR-#144 re-probe, May 2026).** A direct `websocat` probe against `ws://mempool-api-mutinynet:8999/api/v1/ws` with a live mempool txid: @@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ neither the original one: ### 7.25 Bootstrap warmup: background over synchronous to preserve API availability — **codified** -The dfxdev R2 probe (2026-05-31, see `node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) +The DEV R2 probe (2026-05-31, see `node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) measured a ~7 s cold-prove tax on the first `prove_initial` after `Prover::new()` — paid in production by whichever user request arrived first after a container restart, surfacing as a ~12 s diff --git a/node/src/account_node.rs b/node/src/account_node.rs index 3fbf9fc2..c114ad6e 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node.rs @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ impl AccountNode { /// the readiness endpoint to gate traffic during a rolling deploy /// without holding the API itself offline. /// - /// Empirical evidence (dfxdev R2 probe, 2026-05-31): + /// Empirical evidence (DEV-host R2 probe, 2026-05-31): /// - `circuit_build_wall_ms = 14214` — `Prover::new()` (paid in /// `load_from_pg` already, before this call). /// - `prove_cold_wall_ms = 7012` — first prove call after build, diff --git a/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs b/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs index d6d763d0..2a16ee40 100644 --- a/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs +++ b/node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ //! //! Run **locally** on the Mac Studio M3 Ultra (96 GB) — that is the //! reference machine ROADMAP step 9 budgets against. Do NOT run this -//! on the dfx01 self-hosted CI runner: a single warm sweep dominates +//! on the self-hosted CI runner: a single warm sweep dominates //! the m3-ultra runner slot for 5+ minutes and starves PR jobs. //! //! ```sh diff --git a/node/src/db.rs b/node/src/db.rs index 2a173523..860faf14 100644 --- a/node/src/db.rs +++ b/node/src/db.rs @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl InscriptionKind { /// /// Retries the inner connect + migrate pair up to /// `CONNECT_AND_MIGRATE_MAX_ATTEMPTS` times for transient host-level -/// failures. The shared m3-ultra CI runner (dfx01) sits next to ~20 +/// failures. The shared m3-ultra CI runner sits next to ~20 /// production containers and is sometimes hit by manual /// `cargo nextest` runs from operators; under that load the kernel / /// Colima vNIC has surfaced two transient failure modes: diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index a6db01ac..9f802032 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -2308,9 +2308,9 @@ pub struct ReadyResponse { /// re-using the configured `ESPLORA_URL`) and returns 503 if either /// fails. A load balancer / uptime monitor uses this to decide /// "should traffic flow?" without using it to decide "should this -/// process die?". The Kuma monitor at -/// watches `api.zkcoins.app/health/ready` -/// on a 60 s interval — separate alert from the liveness check. +/// process die?". An external uptime monitor (Uptime-Kuma) watches +/// `api.zkcoins.app/health/ready` on a 60 s interval — separate alert +/// from the liveness check. /// /// No caching: each call issues a fresh DB round-trip plus an Esplora /// HEAD-equivalent. Both are sub-100 ms in steady state, and a cached diff --git a/node/src/runtime.rs b/node/src/runtime.rs index 600975b9..365d211e 100644 --- a/node/src/runtime.rs +++ b/node/src/runtime.rs @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ pub async fn start_rest_node( // Background-warmup. A fresh `Prover` carries a cold Rayon worker // pool and uninitialised AOT-compiled Plonky2 evaluator caches; - // empirically (dfxdev R2 probe, 2026-05-31) the first + // empirically (DEV-host R2 probe, 2026-05-31) the first // `prove_initial` after `Prover::new()` takes ~7012 ms vs the // steady-state p50 of ~4777 ms for every subsequent call. // diff --git a/scripts/ci-runner/README.md b/scripts/ci-runner/README.md index b5343318..67669aef 100644 --- a/scripts/ci-runner/README.md +++ b/scripts/ci-runner/README.md @@ -123,15 +123,16 @@ by the REST API — flip it in the UI. ## Scaling out: adding more runner agents on the same host The host runs multiple runner agents under the same user account, one -per directory + launchd plist. Pool today: **6 agents** named `dfx01`, -`dfx01-2`, …, `dfx01-6`, all carrying the same labels. Adding another -follows the one-time setup with a different `--name` and a unique -directory. +per directory + launchd plist. Pool today: **6 agents** named +``, `-2`, …, all carrying the same labels +(concrete host assignments live in the private ops config). Adding +another follows the one-time setup with a different `--name` and a +unique directory. ```bash -# Pick the next free index. Current pool tops out at 6. +# Pick the next free index. NEW_IDX=7 -NEW_NAME="dfx01-${NEW_IDX}" +NEW_NAME="-${NEW_IDX}" NEW_DIR="actions-runner-zk-coins-node-${NEW_IDX}" # recommended naming # for fresh installs @@ -172,12 +173,12 @@ runners back-to-back. Looping a `for` over multiple `--name` values with `set -o pipefail` will SIGPIPE-abort if you also pipe `svc.sh status` through `head` — drop the pipe or wrap with `set +e`. -> **Naming drift (2026-05-25):** the live agents `dfx01`, `dfx01-2`, -> `dfx01-3` predate the `zk-coins/server` → `zk-coins/node` rename -> and live under `~/actions-runner-zkcoins-server` / -> `~/actions-runner-zk-coins-server-{2,3}`. `dfx01-4`/`-5`/`-6` were -> added after the rename but still in `~/actions-runner-zk-coins-server-{4,5,6}` -> for naming consistency with their siblings. New runners should use +> **Naming drift (2026-05-25):** the earliest agents predate the +> `zk-coins/server` → `zk-coins/node` rename and live under +> `~/actions-runner-zkcoins-server` / +> `~/actions-runner-zk-coins-server-{2,3}`. Agents added after the +> rename still use `~/actions-runner-zk-coins-server-{4,5,6}` for +> naming consistency with their siblings. New runners should use > `actions-runner-zk-coins-node-N`; clean-up of legacy paths happens > bundled with a re-register cycle. The substantive runner identity > (name + labels) is what GitHub routes against, not the directory @@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ sudo -iu gh-runner bash -lc ' # 3. For each agent in the pool: stop + uninstall it under the admin # user, then re-register it as gh-runner using the "Scaling out" -# snippet above (substitute the existing agent name, e.g. dfx01-2). +# snippet above (substitute the existing agent name, e.g. `-2`). ssh "$RUNNER_HOST" "cd ~/${RUNNER_DIR} && ./svc.sh stop && ./svc.sh uninstall && ./config.sh remove --token PASTE_REMOVAL_TOKEN" # 4. Repeat the "Register" + "Install + start" steps above as @@ -263,9 +264,9 @@ for the naming-drift note): ```bash # Examples: -RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zkcoins-server # dfx01 (legacy) -RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zk-coins-server-2 # dfx01-2 (legacy) -RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zk-coins-server-6 # dfx01-6 (post-rename) +RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zkcoins-server # legacy (pre-rename) +RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zk-coins-server-2 # legacy (pre-rename) +RUNNER_DIR=actions-runner-zk-coins-server-6 # post-rename ``` To act on every agent in the pool, loop: From a01b24199425e1ff603bdaf289fcb7c6b8ca49da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 18:39:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/19] fix(db): reset proof-dependent state to genesis (DEV + PRD prover recovery) (#208) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Promote: staging -> develop (#185) * perf(tests): shared Postgres container + per-test schema (Issue #181 Opt B) (#182) * perf(tests): shared Postgres container + per-test schema (issue #181 Opt B) Replaces the per-test `Postgres::default().start()` model with a single shared Postgres container that every test process attaches to via testcontainers' `with_reuse(ReuseDirective::Always)` and a stable container name (`zkcoins-test-shared-pg`). Each test still gets a fully isolated state via a UUID-named schema with `search_path` pinned to it; migrations are run per-schema. The reuse flag is load-bearing: `cargo nextest` defaults to one process per test, so a process-local `OnceCell` does not actually share state across tests — it degrades to one container per test. Verified on a local M5 Max (OrbStack): 6 db-tests finish in 1.5 s with exactly 1 container running, vs. ~24 s with 6 containers under the old per-process model. CI gains three `docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg` cleanup steps (one per test job, always-on) so the shared container does not leak across PR runs on the self-hosted runner. Coverage gate's `--ignore-filename-regex` is extended to skip `test_db.rs` — the new `#[cfg(test)]`-only test-infra module would otherwise drag its Drop-future uncovered lines into the 100% gate. `db_tests::connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables` is rewritten to route through the real `db::connect_and_migrate` (via the `?options=-c search_path=` URL trick) so the success-path of that function stays covered. Expected wall on the M3 Ultra runner per issue #181: 47 min → ~37 min at `--test-threads=1` (Optimisation A — flipping the test isolation to multi-thread — is a follow-up that depends on this landing first; see #181 Recommendation section). Test files migrated to the shared helper: db_tests, state_tests, r2_probe_tests, username_tests, main_tests, runtime_tests, router_tests (incl. the jobs_test_state factory from #161), job_store_tests, account_node_tests, audit_tests, publisher_tests. * test(db): include jobs table in connect_and_migrate assertion Migration 0014 (introduced by #161, async Job-API) adds the jobs table to the production schema. The rebase of #182 onto staging left the hard-coded expected-tables list in connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables unchanged, so the assertion sees an extra row ("jobs") it does not expect and fails fast under nextest's default fail-fast mode — masking the rest of the suite. Adds "jobs" at its alphabetic position and bumps the migration range in the comment from 0001-0013 to 0001-0014. * perf(tests): enable parallel execution (--test-threads=8) (#181 Opt A) (#183) With per-test schema isolation + shared-container reuse from #182, the suite is parallel-safe. This PR: - Flips `--test-threads=1` to `--test-threads=8` across the 3 CI test jobs (db-tests, prover-tests, test-and-coverage) and the matching CONTRIBUTING.md references. - Adds a `fs2` cross-process file lock around `init_shared_pg` in test_db.rs. testcontainers 0.27 does NOT atomicise its attach-or-create path: 8 concurrent nextest processes all see "container not present", all POST /containers/create, 1 wins and 7 fail with Docker 409 Conflict. The lock serialises the attach-or-create call; the container creation cost (~3 s once) amortises across the whole test run. - runtime_tests.rs: env mutation consolidated behind a `OnceLock`-backed `ensure_test_env()` so concurrent callers do not race on process-wide env. `PROOFS_DIR` removed from env entirely and passed as a parameter on `start_rest_node` (main.rs reads the env at the binary edge). - router_tests.rs: 2 hard-coded `/tmp/zkcoins-*-proofs` paths replaced with `tempfile::tempdir().keep()` so each parallel test gets a unique ProofStore directory and `next_id` cannot race. Empirical on an Apple M5 Max workstation (OrbStack): a wide DB + state + router + username + audit subset of 146 tests passes under --test-threads=8 in 183 s wall (CPU 1325 %, exactly one shared postgres:17 container live during the run). Expected on the M3 Ultra runner per #181: 47 min (pre-Opt-B) -> ~44 min (after #182, measured) -> ~10-12 min (after this PR). --------- Co-authored-by: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> * fix(db): reset proof-dependent state to genesis (DEV + PRD) DEV's mint prover started failing 100% with "prove failed" on 2026-06-05 with no deploy and an unchanged circuit_digest: persisted account proofs stopped recursing through the live circuit (the constraint-only / digest-unchanged staleness class that migration 0015 documents as detectable only by the canary, which the steady-state self-heal Keep-path does not run). This migration is the recovery for the already-stale state. Wipes the same proof-dependent table set as db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx — accounts, smt_state, mmr_state, mmr_root_index, latest_block — plus the circuit_digest_meta singleton. Clearing the digest row (rather than rewriting it; SQL cannot compute the live circuit digest) puts the DB in the fresh-genesis shape the boot path already handles: no persisted digest -> canary on the now- empty accounts -> NoSample -> Baseline records the live digest. No new code path, reuses the integration-tested self_heal flow. usernames / append-only history / jobs / coin_proof_store are preserved exactly as the existing reset does. On-disk proof files are left as inert orphans (ProofStore::new resumes next_id at max_id+1 so ids never collide; the Jobs-API no longer writes the file store). Closed test env, no data to preserve, PRD genesis wipe explicitly authorized (CONTRIBUTING "Closed test environment"). sqlx applies it once per database: develop -> DEV, main -> PRD. Validated against postgres:17: full 0001..0016 chain applies clean, the six tables empty, usernames/history intact, re-apply is a no-op. --------- Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> --- ...reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+) create mode 100644 node/migrations/0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql diff --git a/node/migrations/0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql b/node/migrations/0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f1b06d39 --- /dev/null +++ b/node/migrations/0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +-- Genesis-reset of all proof-dependent state, DEV and PRD. +-- +-- ## Incident +-- +-- On 2026-06-05 (~11:26 UTC) the DEV node's mint prover started failing +-- 100% of jobs with "prove failed" — admit succeeds, the job reaches +-- `proving`, the recursive prove aborts. No node deploy or commit had +-- happened (the circuit binary, and therefore its `circuit_digest`, was +-- unchanged); identical mints succeeded minutes earlier. This is the +-- digest-UNCHANGED staleness class documented in 0015: persisted +-- `account.proof` blobs stop recursing through the live circuit while +-- `Prover::verify` and a byte-for-byte digest comparison still pass — +-- the only signal is the real recursive prove, exactly what the live +-- jobs were failing. +-- +-- The boot self-heal (`node::self_heal`) cannot catch this class in +-- steady state: with a persisted digest equal to the live one it takes +-- the `Keep` fast path and never runs the canary recursion (the canary +-- is only consulted on the no-persisted-digest adoption branch). Closing +-- that detection gap is a separate code change; THIS migration is the +-- recovery for the state that is already stale. +-- +-- ## Why a full genesis reset +-- +-- Same rationale as `db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx` (0015 / +-- PR #204): staleness invalidates EVERY proof at once — each +-- `account.proof`, every queued `CoinProof` source proof, every +-- recipient-held proof — and the global SMT/MMR are append-only and +-- shared across accounts, keyed by on-chain commitment pubkeys in +-- MMR-append order. They cannot be partially unwound per account +-- without exactly the global-vs-account mismatch that breaks soundness. +-- A coordinated reset to genesis is the only provably-consistent +-- recovery. +-- +-- ## Scope: DEV *and* PRD +-- +-- Both environments are closed test environments (CONTRIBUTING +-- § "Closed test environment"); the operator has explicitly confirmed +-- there is no data to preserve and authorized the PRD genesis wipe. +-- sqlx applies a migration once per database (`_sqlx_migrations`), so +-- the reset fires exactly once per environment, on the first deploy +-- that carries it: develop → DEV, main → PRD. Re-deploys are no-ops +-- (idempotent by the migration framework's bookkeeping). +-- +-- ## Table set (mirrors `reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`) +-- +-- * `accounts` — per-address ledger (carries the stale `proof`). +-- * `smt_state` — global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree. +-- * `mmr_state` — global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots. +-- * `mmr_root_index` — `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map. +-- * `latest_block` — scanner resume cursor (re-derived from the tip). +-- * `circuit_digest_meta` — cleared rather than re-written: a SQL +-- migration cannot know the live circuit's digest (it is computed at +-- runtime from the built circuit). Deleting the singleton row puts +-- the database in the fresh-genesis shape the boot path already +-- handles: no persisted digest → canary probe → `NoSample` on the +-- empty `accounts` table → `Baseline` records the live digest. That +-- is the existing, integration-tested `self_heal` flow — no new code +-- path is introduced by this migration. +-- +-- Deliberately preserved, mirroring `reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`: +-- `usernames` (human-facing handles, not proof-dependent), +-- `account_history` / `state_update_log` / `request_log` (append-only +-- historical evidence, never feeds proof construction), `jobs` +-- (terminal rows are history; the dispatcher only acts on non-terminal +-- states), `coin_proof_store` (unused schema groundwork, no production +-- INSERT — see migration 0008), `pending_inscriptions` (scanner-side +-- bookkeeping outside the proof-dependent set, as in the existing +-- reset). +-- +-- ## On-disk proof files (PROOFS_DIR) are intentionally NOT handled here +-- +-- SQL cannot remove files, and it does not need to: (a) after this +-- wipe no surviving row references any proof file; (b) +-- `ProofStore::new()` scans the directory and resumes `next_id` at +-- `max_id + 1`, so a later proof id can never collide with an orphaned +-- file; (c) the Jobs-API flow hands `CoinProof`s to the wallet via the +-- job row and no longer writes to the file store at all (`add_proof` +-- is vestigial). The orphans are inert and may be garbage-collected by +-- the next self-heal reset, which does drop the directory. + +DELETE FROM accounts; +DELETE FROM smt_state; +DELETE FROM mmr_state; +DELETE FROM mmr_root_index; +DELETE FROM latest_block; +DELETE FROM circuit_digest_meta; From 6918f823aee527b2123deea2dcb7449064b6c625 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 18:39:47 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 12/19] =?UTF-8?q?fix(prover):=20detect=20systemic=20prove?= =?UTF-8?q?=20failures=20=E2=80=94=20/health/ready=20signal=20+=20boot=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?elf-heal=20arming=20(#209)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Promote: staging -> develop (#185) * perf(tests): shared Postgres container + per-test schema (Issue #181 Opt B) (#182) * perf(tests): shared Postgres container + per-test schema (issue #181 Opt B) Replaces the per-test `Postgres::default().start()` model with a single shared Postgres container that every test process attaches to via testcontainers' `with_reuse(ReuseDirective::Always)` and a stable container name (`zkcoins-test-shared-pg`). Each test still gets a fully isolated state via a UUID-named schema with `search_path` pinned to it; migrations are run per-schema. The reuse flag is load-bearing: `cargo nextest` defaults to one process per test, so a process-local `OnceCell` does not actually share state across tests — it degrades to one container per test. Verified on a local M5 Max (OrbStack): 6 db-tests finish in 1.5 s with exactly 1 container running, vs. ~24 s with 6 containers under the old per-process model. CI gains three `docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg` cleanup steps (one per test job, always-on) so the shared container does not leak across PR runs on the self-hosted runner. Coverage gate's `--ignore-filename-regex` is extended to skip `test_db.rs` — the new `#[cfg(test)]`-only test-infra module would otherwise drag its Drop-future uncovered lines into the 100% gate. `db_tests::connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables` is rewritten to route through the real `db::connect_and_migrate` (via the `?options=-c search_path=` URL trick) so the success-path of that function stays covered. Expected wall on the M3 Ultra runner per issue #181: 47 min → ~37 min at `--test-threads=1` (Optimisation A — flipping the test isolation to multi-thread — is a follow-up that depends on this landing first; see #181 Recommendation section). Test files migrated to the shared helper: db_tests, state_tests, r2_probe_tests, username_tests, main_tests, runtime_tests, router_tests (incl. the jobs_test_state factory from #161), job_store_tests, account_node_tests, audit_tests, publisher_tests. * test(db): include jobs table in connect_and_migrate assertion Migration 0014 (introduced by #161, async Job-API) adds the jobs table to the production schema. The rebase of #182 onto staging left the hard-coded expected-tables list in connect_and_migrate_creates_all_tables unchanged, so the assertion sees an extra row ("jobs") it does not expect and fails fast under nextest's default fail-fast mode — masking the rest of the suite. Adds "jobs" at its alphabetic position and bumps the migration range in the comment from 0001-0013 to 0001-0014. * perf(tests): enable parallel execution (--test-threads=8) (#181 Opt A) (#183) With per-test schema isolation + shared-container reuse from #182, the suite is parallel-safe. This PR: - Flips `--test-threads=1` to `--test-threads=8` across the 3 CI test jobs (db-tests, prover-tests, test-and-coverage) and the matching CONTRIBUTING.md references. - Adds a `fs2` cross-process file lock around `init_shared_pg` in test_db.rs. testcontainers 0.27 does NOT atomicise its attach-or-create path: 8 concurrent nextest processes all see "container not present", all POST /containers/create, 1 wins and 7 fail with Docker 409 Conflict. The lock serialises the attach-or-create call; the container creation cost (~3 s once) amortises across the whole test run. - runtime_tests.rs: env mutation consolidated behind a `OnceLock`-backed `ensure_test_env()` so concurrent callers do not race on process-wide env. `PROOFS_DIR` removed from env entirely and passed as a parameter on `start_rest_node` (main.rs reads the env at the binary edge). - router_tests.rs: 2 hard-coded `/tmp/zkcoins-*-proofs` paths replaced with `tempfile::tempdir().keep()` so each parallel test gets a unique ProofStore directory and `next_id` cannot race. Empirical on an Apple M5 Max workstation (OrbStack): a wide DB + state + router + username + audit subset of 146 tests passes under --test-threads=8 in 183 s wall (CPU 1325 %, exactly one shared postgres:17 container live during the run). Expected on the M3 Ultra runner per #181: 47 min (pre-Opt-B) -> ~44 min (after #182, measured) -> ~10-12 min (after this PR). --------- Co-authored-by: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> * fix(prover): detect systemic prove failures — health signal + self-heal arming The 2026-06-05 DEV outage exposed two gaps around the digest-unchanged proof-staleness class that migration 0015 documents: 1. /health/ready lied. Its prover tag only reflected the one-shot boot warmup flag, so a node failing 100% of mint jobs with "prove failed" kept reporting prover: ready for ~100 minutes — invisible to the deploy smoke-test, Kuma, and any orchestration keyed on readiness. 2. The boot self-heal never re-checks in steady state. reset_decision consults the canary recursion only on the no-persisted-digest adoption branch; with a persisted digest equal to the live one it takes the Keep fast path. Constraint-only circuit changes (and any other event that stops persisted proofs from recursing while the digest stays byte-identical) therefore brick the node permanently — no restart heals it. New prover_health module: the job dispatcher counts CONSECUTIVE "prove failed" outcomes (the collapsed message is matched exactly, so request-level errors never move the streak; any successful prove resets it). At PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD consecutive failures: * /health/ready reports prover: failing + 503 for the duration of the streak (gap 1) — the outage is now visible and gates traffic. * the dispatcher clears the persisted circuit digest via the new db::clear_circuit_digest (gap 2). This only ARMS the boot self-heal: the next restart finds no persisted digest, runs the canary recursion, and resets to genesis IFF the canary confirms the persisted proofs are stale — Compatible/NoSample just re-record the baseline, so a transient prover blip that is over by the restart causes no reset and no data loss. The destructive reset stays gated behind the authoritative canary; nothing is wiped at runtime. The steady-state boot keeps its O(1) digest comparison (the ~5 s canary still never runs on a healthy boot); the arming path is the only way a matching-digest boot reaches the canary. Coverage: prover_health is unit-tested exhaustively (threshold boundary, one-shot arming, streak reset); clear_circuit_digest gets a testcontainer round-trip incl. idempotent re-clear; the new ready-handler branch is driven by a prover-failing readiness test (503 + prover: failing). job_dispatcher wiring sits in the coverage-exempt dispatcher. fmt + the CI clippy commands (-D warnings, MVP + all-features) are clean locally; check --tests green. --------- Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> --- node/src/audit_tests.rs | 1 + node/src/db.rs | 22 +++++++ node/src/job_dispatcher.rs | 47 ++++++++++++++- node/src/lib.rs | 1 + node/src/prover_health.rs | 100 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ node/src/prover_health_tests.rs | 61 +++++++++++++++++++ node/src/router.rs | 44 +++++++++++--- node/src/router_tests.rs | 50 ++++++++++++++++ node/src/runtime.rs | 1 + node/src/self_heal_tests.rs | 24 ++++++++ 10 files changed, 343 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) create mode 100644 node/src/prover_health.rs create mode 100644 node/src/prover_health_tests.rs diff --git a/node/src/audit_tests.rs b/node/src/audit_tests.rs index db8d9af2..d916c096 100644 --- a/node/src/audit_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/audit_tests.rs @@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ async fn build_state_with_pool() -> (AppState, SchemaScope) { pool: pool_arc.clone(), esplora_config: Arc::new(esplora_config), prover_warm: Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(true)), + prover_health: Arc::new(crate::prover_health::ProverHealth::new()), // Job-API wiring (jobs PR #161): the audit middleware never // touches these slots, but `AppState` requires them. Use a // never-recv'd mpsc + empty notify map for shape parity. diff --git a/node/src/db.rs b/node/src/db.rs index 860faf14..bd91ea64 100644 --- a/node/src/db.rs +++ b/node/src/db.rs @@ -908,6 +908,28 @@ pub async fn store_circuit_digest(pool: &PgPool, digest: &[u8]) -> Result<(), sq Ok(()) } +/// Delete the singleton circuit-digest row, WITHOUT touching any other +/// state. +/// +/// Used by the runtime prover-health watchdog: when the job dispatcher +/// observes [`crate::prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`] consecutive +/// `prove failed` outcomes it clears the persisted digest to *arm* the +/// boot self-heal. Removing the row makes the next boot's +/// [`load_circuit_digest`] return `None`, which routes +/// `heal_circuit_digest` through the canary-recursion branch instead of +/// the steady-state `Keep` fast path — the restart then authoritatively +/// re-checks whether the persisted proofs still recurse and resets to +/// genesis IFF the canary says `Stale` (`Compatible` / `NoSample` just +/// re-record the baseline: no reset, no data loss). Clearing the digest +/// never wipes proof state itself; the destructive reset stays gated +/// behind the canary. Idempotent: deleting an absent row is a no-op. +pub async fn clear_circuit_digest(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> { + sqlx::query("DELETE FROM circuit_digest_meta WHERE id = 1") + .execute(pool) + .await?; + Ok(()) +} + /// Reset all proof-dependent state to genesis and store the new circuit /// digest, atomically, in a single transaction. /// diff --git a/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs b/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs index d1b60a78..5e25be22 100644 --- a/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs +++ b/node/src/job_dispatcher.rs @@ -316,6 +316,44 @@ async fn process_envelope( } } +/// Feed a prove leg's outcome into the runtime prover-health signal. +/// +/// `Ok(())` (any successful prove — a completed mint, or a send reaching +/// `awaiting_signature`) clears the consecutive-failure streak. `Err` is +/// only treated as a prove-health failure when the message is the +/// collapsed `"prove failed"` — request-level errors (insufficient +/// funds, unknown account, bad hex, …) have their own messages and must +/// not move the streak, or a burst of bad client requests could falsely +/// arm the self-heal. On the failure that first reaches +/// [`crate::prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`] this clears the +/// persisted circuit digest, which *arms* the boot self-heal: the next +/// restart runs the canary recursion and resets to genesis only if the +/// persisted proofs are genuinely stale (so a transient prover blip that +/// is over by the restart re-baselines with no reset). `/health/ready` +/// reports `prover: failing` for the whole streak. +async fn note_prove_outcome(app_state: &AppState, outcome: Result<(), &str>) { + match outcome { + Ok(()) => app_state.prover_health.note_success(), + Err("prove failed") => { + if app_state.prover_health.note_failure() { + if let Err(e) = crate::db::clear_circuit_digest(&app_state.pool).await { + tracing::warn!( + "prover-health: failed to clear circuit digest to arm boot self-heal: {}", + e + ); + } + tracing::warn!( + "prover-health: {} consecutive prove failures — /health/ready now reports \ + the prover failing; armed boot self-heal (cleared persisted circuit digest, \ + next restart's canary re-checks + resets iff the proofs are stale)", + crate::prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD + ); + } + } + Err(_) => { /* non-prove flow error: leave the failure streak unchanged */ } + } +} + /// Drive a mint job: validate → prove → broadcast → commit. The /// `flow::mint_flow` helper owns the actual work; the dispatcher /// is purely the state-machine driver. @@ -363,6 +401,7 @@ async fn process_mint( match mint_flow(app_state, request).await { Ok((response_body, response_status)) => { + note_prove_outcome(app_state, Ok(())).await; job_store .complete(public_id, response_body.clone(), response_status as i16) .await?; @@ -386,6 +425,7 @@ async fn process_mint( status.as_u16(), message ); + note_prove_outcome(app_state, Err(message.as_str())).await; job_store.fail(public_id, &message).await?; publish_phase( notify_map, @@ -451,7 +491,11 @@ async fn process_send_initial( }; let (proof_id, commit_hashes) = match send_flow(app_state, request).await { - Ok(out) => out, + Ok(out) => { + // The prove leg succeeded (the job reaches awaiting_signature). + note_prove_outcome(app_state, Ok(())).await; + out + } Err(FlowError { status, message }) => { tracing::warn!( "Job dispatcher: send job {} prove leg failed ({}): {}", @@ -459,6 +503,7 @@ async fn process_send_initial( status.as_u16(), message ); + note_prove_outcome(app_state, Err(message.as_str())).await; job_store.fail(public_id, &message).await?; publish_phase( notify_map, diff --git a/node/src/lib.rs b/node/src/lib.rs index 5111697f..0d57a3f1 100644 --- a/node/src/lib.rs +++ b/node/src/lib.rs @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ pub mod flow; pub mod job_dispatcher; pub mod job_store; pub mod openapi; +pub mod prover_health; pub mod publisher; pub mod r2_probe; pub mod router; diff --git a/node/src/prover_health.rs b/node/src/prover_health.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..319271ac --- /dev/null +++ b/node/src/prover_health.rs @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +//! Runtime prover-health signal. +//! +//! ## Why this exists +//! +//! Two gaps surfaced when the DEV node's mint prover went down on +//! 2026-06-05 and stayed down for ~100 min, undetected: +//! +//! 1. **`/health/ready` lied.** It reported `prover: ready` the entire +//! time, because that flag only reflects the one-shot boot *warmup* +//! (`AppState::prover_warm`), never whether real mint/send proves are +//! actually succeeding. The deploy smoke-test and any orchestration +//! keyed on readiness therefore could not see the outage. +//! +//! 2. **Steady-state staleness never self-healed.** The boot self-heal +//! only runs the canary recursion on the no-persisted-digest adoption +//! branch (`self_heal::reset_decision`); with a persisted digest equal +//! to the live one it takes the `Keep` fast path. But a constraint-only +//! circuit change — or any other event that leaves persisted proofs +//! unable to recurse while the `circuit_digest` is byte-identical +//! (documented in migration 0015 / `self_heal.rs`) — breaks every prove +//! with the digest unchanged, so `Keep` is taken forever and no restart +//! recovers it. +//! +//! ## What this does +//! +//! Tracks the number of *consecutive* "prove failed" job outcomes the +//! dispatcher observes (reset to zero by the first success). At +//! [`PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`] consecutive failures the prover is treated +//! as **systemically failing**, which the dispatcher acts on twice: +//! +//! * `/health/ready` reports `prover: failing` + 503 (gap 1) — the outage +//! becomes visible to the deploy smoke-test / orchestration / alerting. +//! * the dispatcher clears the persisted circuit digest (gap 2), which +//! *arms* the boot self-heal: the next restart finds no persisted +//! digest, runs the canary recursion, and resets to genesis **iff the +//! canary confirms the persisted proofs are actually stale** +//! (`Compatible` / `NoSample` → no reset, no data loss). Clearing the +//! digest is therefore safe — it forces the authoritative re-check, it +//! does not itself wipe anything. +//! +//! The streak counter is the only state; it lives behind an `AtomicU64` +//! so the readiness handler can read it without taking a lock and the +//! single-worker dispatcher can update it on every job outcome. + +use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering}; + +/// Number of *consecutive* `prove failed` job outcomes at which the +/// prover is treated as systemically failing. +/// +/// A single state-transition prove is a multi-second operation, so three +/// in an unbroken row is tens of seconds of nothing-but-failure — well +/// past any one-off bad input or transient, and the streak resets to zero +/// the moment a prove succeeds. Small enough that a real outage trips it +/// within one wallet's worth of retries; large enough that an isolated +/// `prove failed` (e.g. a single corrupt request) never arms the +/// self-heal. +pub(crate) const PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD: u64 = 3; + +/// Consecutive-prove-failure tracker shared (via `Arc`) between the job +/// dispatcher (writer) and the `/health/ready` handler (reader). +#[derive(Debug, Default)] +pub(crate) struct ProverHealth { + consecutive_failures: AtomicU64, +} + +impl ProverHealth { + /// A fresh tracker with a zero failure streak. + pub(crate) fn new() -> Self { + Self::default() + } + + /// Record a successful prove. Clears the failure streak so a later + /// burst has to reach the threshold from scratch. + pub(crate) fn note_success(&self) { + self.consecutive_failures.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst); + } + + /// Record a `prove failed` job outcome. + /// + /// Returns `true` exactly once per outage — on the failure that first + /// reaches [`PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`] — so the caller fires the + /// one-shot "arm the boot self-heal" side effect (clearing the + /// persisted digest) a single time rather than on every subsequent + /// failure. Later failures past the threshold keep + /// [`Self::is_failing`] true but return `false`. + pub(crate) fn note_failure(&self) -> bool { + let streak = self.consecutive_failures.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) + 1; + streak == PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD + } + + /// Whether proves are systemically failing (streak at or past the + /// threshold). Consumed by `/health/ready`. + pub(crate) fn is_failing(&self) -> bool { + self.consecutive_failures.load(Ordering::SeqCst) >= PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD + } +} + +#[cfg(test)] +#[path = "prover_health_tests.rs"] +mod tests; diff --git a/node/src/prover_health_tests.rs b/node/src/prover_health_tests.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ebcfcf6f --- /dev/null +++ b/node/src/prover_health_tests.rs @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +//! Unit tests for [`ProverHealth`]. Pure, build-free, no database — +//! drives every method and the threshold boundary exhaustively so the +//! gated `prover_health.rs` reaches 100% lines + functions. + +use super::*; + +#[test] +fn new_starts_healthy() { + let h = ProverHealth::new(); + assert!(!h.is_failing()); +} + +#[test] +fn below_threshold_is_not_failing_and_does_not_arm() { + let h = ProverHealth::new(); + // One short of the threshold: never failing, never arms. + for _ in 0..(PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1) { + assert!(!h.note_failure()); + assert!(!h.is_failing()); + } +} + +#[test] +fn crossing_threshold_arms_exactly_once_then_stays_failing() { + let h = ProverHealth::new(); + for _ in 0..(PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1) { + assert!(!h.note_failure()); + } + // The failure that reaches the threshold arms (returns true) once. + assert!(h.note_failure()); + assert!(h.is_failing()); + // Further failures keep it failing but do NOT re-arm. + assert!(!h.note_failure()); + assert!(!h.note_failure()); + assert!(h.is_failing()); +} + +#[test] +fn success_clears_the_streak() { + let h = ProverHealth::new(); + for _ in 0..(PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1) { + h.note_failure(); + } + h.note_success(); + assert!(!h.is_failing()); + // After a reset the streak must climb from scratch — the first + // post-reset failure does not re-arm. + assert!(!h.note_failure()); + assert!(!h.is_failing()); +} + +#[test] +fn success_while_failing_recovers() { + let h = ProverHealth::new(); + for _ in 0..PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD { + h.note_failure(); + } + assert!(h.is_failing()); + h.note_success(); + assert!(!h.is_failing()); +} diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index 9f802032..38d06ac2 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -149,6 +149,15 @@ pub struct AppState { /// listener binds, so container restart loops keyed on liveness /// are not triggered during the ~21 s warmup window. pub(crate) prover_warm: Arc, + /// Runtime prover-health signal: the count of consecutive + /// `prove failed` job outcomes (reset by the first success), updated + /// by the job dispatcher. Unlike `prover_warm` (a one-shot boot + /// flag), this reflects whether real mint/send proves are actually + /// succeeding. Consumed by `/health/ready` so a systemically failing + /// prover is reported as `prover: failing` + 503 instead of the + /// misleading `prover: ready`; the dispatcher also uses the same + /// threshold to arm the boot self-heal. See [`crate::prover_health`]. + pub(crate) prover_health: Arc, /// Persistent state-layer wrapper around the `jobs` table. /// Routes admit through `JobStore::create`; the dispatcher /// reads + advances rows through it; `GET /api/jobs/:id` @@ -2271,10 +2280,15 @@ pub struct ReadyResponse { /// `ready: bool` so a parsing consumer can branch on a short /// string without re-deriving it from the bool + failures shape. status: &'static str, - /// Background-warmup tag. `"warming"` while - /// `AppState::prover_warm == false`, `"ready"` afterwards. - /// Emitted on every response (regardless of overall readiness) so - /// a deploy dashboard can show the warmup progress separately + /// Prover health tag. `"warming"` while + /// `AppState::prover_warm == false` (one-shot boot warmup), `"ready"` + /// once warm and proving normally, and `"failing"` once the + /// dispatcher has seen `prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD` + /// consecutive `prove failed` job outcomes (a systemically failing + /// prover — e.g. digest-unchanged proof staleness). `"failing"` and + /// `"warming"` both also add `"prover"` to `failures` and force the + /// overall 503. Emitted on every response (regardless of overall + /// readiness) so a deploy dashboard can show prover health separately /// from the DB/Esplora probes. prover: &'static str, } @@ -2288,7 +2302,8 @@ pub struct ReadyResponse { prover warm. `failures` is empty, `status = \"ready\"`, `prover = \"ready\"`.", body = ReadyResponse), (status = 503, description = "Node is not ready. `failures` carries one or more of \ - `\"db\"`, `\"esplora\"`, `\"prover\"`. Load balancers / Kuma monitors gate traffic \ + `\"db\"`, `\"esplora\"`, `\"prover\"` (`prover` covers both `\"warming\"` and the \ + systemic-failure `\"failing\"` states). Load balancers / Kuma monitors gate traffic \ on this status.", body = ReadyResponse), ), @@ -2335,7 +2350,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn ready_handler(State(state): State) -> impl IntoRes // the previous-gen pod by treating this readiness probe as the // gate, not the liveness probe. let prover_warm = state.prover_warm.load(Ordering::SeqCst); - if !prover_warm { + // Runtime prove-health gate. Unlike the one-shot warmup flag above, + // this reflects whether real mint/send proves are succeeding: the + // dispatcher counts consecutive `prove failed` outcomes and this + // trips at the `prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`. Without it + // a node whose persisted proofs went stale (the digest-unchanged + // class — see `self_heal.rs`) kept reporting `prover: ready` while + // failing 100% of jobs, so neither the deploy smoke-test nor + // monitoring could see the outage. + let prover_failing = state.prover_health.is_failing(); + if !prover_warm || prover_failing { failures.push("prover"); } @@ -2346,7 +2370,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn ready_handler(State(state): State) -> impl IntoRes StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE }; let lifecycle_status = if ready { "ready" } else { "starting" }; - let prover_status = if prover_warm { "ready" } else { "warming" }; + let prover_status = if prover_failing { + "failing" + } else if prover_warm { + "ready" + } else { + "warming" + }; ( status, Json(ReadyResponse { diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index 91d28526..3269de26 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ fn test_state() -> AppState { // shape. The dedicated 503/warming-tag test below overrides // this back to `false` to exercise the gating arm. prover_warm: Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(true)), + prover_health: Arc::new(crate::prover_health::ProverHealth::new()), job_store: Arc::new(crate::job_store::JobStore::new((*dead_pool()).clone())), job_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::channel::(8).0, job_notify_map: Arc::new(dashmap::DashMap::new()), @@ -2191,6 +2192,54 @@ async fn ready_returns_503_with_prover_warming_when_prover_not_warm() { ); } +/// A systemically failing prover gates `/health/ready` to 503 with +/// `prover: failing` even though the boot warmup completed long ago +/// (`prover_warm == true`). This is the gap the 2026-06-05 DEV outage +/// exposed: persisted proofs went stale and 100% of mint jobs failed +/// with `prove failed`, yet the readiness probe kept answering +/// `prover: ready` (it only ever reflected the warmup flag), so neither +/// the deploy smoke-test nor monitoring could see the outage. The +/// failure streak is driven through the same `ProverHealth` calls the +/// dispatcher makes. Esplora is mocked healthy; the dead DB contributes +/// an ignored `db` failure (same shape as the warming test above). +#[tokio::test] +async fn ready_returns_503_with_prover_failing_when_proves_fail() { + use wiremock::matchers::{method, path}; + use wiremock::{Mock, MockServer, ResponseTemplate}; + + let mock_server = MockServer::start().await; + Mock::given(method("GET")) + .and(path("/blocks/tip/height")) + .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200).set_body_string("123456")) + .mount(&mock_server) + .await; + + let state = ready_state(dead_pool(), mock_server.uri()); + // `ready_state` builds a warm prover; trip the runtime health signal + // the way the dispatcher would after a streak of `prove failed` jobs. + for _ in 0..crate::prover_health::PROVE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD { + state.prover_health.note_failure(); + } + + let req = Request::get("/health/ready").body(Body::empty()).unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "body={}", body); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert_eq!(v["ready"], false); + assert_eq!(v["prover"], "failing"); + let failures: Vec = v["failures"] + .as_array() + .unwrap() + .iter() + .map(|s| s.as_str().unwrap().to_string()) + .collect(); + assert!( + failures.contains(&"prover".to_string()), + "expected `prover` in failures after a prove-failure streak, got {failures:?}" + ); +} + // ======================================================================= // GET /health/publisher — operational preflight // ======================================================================= @@ -2358,6 +2407,7 @@ fn mint_test_state() -> AppState { ws_url: None, }), prover_warm: Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(true)), + prover_health: Arc::new(crate::prover_health::ProverHealth::new()), job_store: Arc::new(crate::job_store::JobStore::new((*dead_pool()).clone())), job_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::channel::(8).0, job_notify_map: Arc::new(dashmap::DashMap::new()), diff --git a/node/src/runtime.rs b/node/src/runtime.rs index 365d211e..d997ba06 100644 --- a/node/src/runtime.rs +++ b/node/src/runtime.rs @@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ pub async fn start_rest_node( // it points at the same `ESPLORA_URL` as the scanner / publisher. esplora_config: Arc::new(NETWORK_CONFIG.clone()), prover_warm: Arc::clone(&prover_warm), + prover_health: Arc::new(crate::prover_health::ProverHealth::new()), job_store: Arc::clone(&job_store), job_tx: job_tx.clone(), job_notify_map: Arc::clone(&job_notify_map), diff --git a/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs b/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs index 355ffacc..619b98f5 100644 --- a/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/self_heal_tests.rs @@ -207,6 +207,30 @@ async fn heal_baseline_compatible_canary_stores_digest_without_wiping_state() { assert_eq!(count_accounts(&pool).await, 1); } +#[tokio::test] +async fn clear_circuit_digest_removes_the_persisted_row_idempotently() { + // The runtime prover-health watchdog clears the persisted digest to + // arm the boot self-heal. After clearing, `load_circuit_digest` must + // return `None` so the next boot routes through the canary branch + // (not the `Keep` fast path); a second clear is a no-op. + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + + db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, b"live-digest") + .await + .expect("store digest"); + assert!(db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap().is_some()); + + db::clear_circuit_digest(&pool).await.expect("clear digest"); + assert_eq!(db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); + + // Idempotent: clearing an already-absent row succeeds and stays None. + db::clear_circuit_digest(&pool) + .await + .expect("clear digest (idempotent)"); + assert_eq!(db::load_circuit_digest(&pool).await.unwrap(), None); +} + #[tokio::test] async fn heal_baseline_no_sample_records_digest() { // No persisted digest and the canary has no sample (truly fresh DB): From 55fad8b415bfce963cff7e57427831a66d43c8f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 00:09:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 13/19] docs: Plonky3 migration plan + Phase-0 GO (carrier-table direction) (#211) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * docs: add Plonky3 migration plan with phased, executable task spec Adds MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md: a phase-by-phase, execution-ready work plan for the Plonky2 -> Plonky3 backend swap. Phase 0 is a hard recursion feasibility gate against p3-recursion (probed in Goldilocks to isolate the recursion/API risk from the field-migration risk). Subsequent phases port types/hash, Merkle gadgets, the state-transition circuit, recursion + aggregator, node integration, and parity/coverage/bench, each with exact files, acceptance criteria, and local verification commands. Field swap to KoalaBear/BabyBear is sequenced as a separate optional follow-up. Companion to ROADMAP.md and MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md. * docs: record Phase 0 result + defer cross-layer PI-threading choice to Phase-1-authorize The Phase 0 spike returned GO with one escalated finding: the high-level batch recursion does not propagate public inputs across layers (probe_d_multilayer_carry: air_public_targets = [0,0,0]), unlike Plonky2 cyclic recursion. This is a construction problem, not a p3-recursion capability gap, so it does not flip the gate to NO-GO. Record this in the Phase 0 gate section, and mark the cross-layer PI-threading construction as TBD — the choice between Option 1 (threaded outputs as AIR public values, fast), Option 2 (commit + Merkle/hash re-bind each layer, sound), and Option 3 (pinned probe catches a future upstream rev that propagates natively) is made at Phase-1-authorize time, not now. P5-T1 is written against the chosen option and its acceptance now requires the threaded prev_account value to be carried across transitions. * docs: resolve cross-layer threading to Option 2 + record Phase-5 budget risk Phase 0 closed the open threading question empirically, so the plan no longer defers it to Phase-1-authorize: - Cross-layer PI threading is RESOLVED to Option 2 (commit + hash/Merkle re-bind each layer). Option 1 (carry the value as an AIR public value) is dead — proven by probe_h_option1_air_public_values (injecting a non-existent public input is rejected) and probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough (a real aggregation surfaces 0 per-leaf values to the outer); CircuitBuilder public inputs live in the committed Public table, never as AIR public values. Reflected in the §5 recorded result, the §6 Phase-1-authorize block (now "RESOLVED: Option 2"), P5-T1, and P5-T2 (per-leaf ProofData also needs Option-2 commit+re-bind, then §7.17 masking). - Record the Phase-5 warm-prove budget risk from probe_i_cost_projection: a recursion layer over a ~2^16-gate inner proof is ~3.2 s / ~1.4 GB — a single-layer lower bound on an arithmetic toy; the mandatory Option-2 re-bind adds Poseidon gates per layer, and the real constraints are Poseidon-heavy. Measure the real circuit + Option-2 at the START of Phase 5; a >5 s warm-prove is a NO-GO trigger. Option 3 (pinned probes catch a future upstream rev that restores native propagation) stays armed. * docs: gate is NO-GO — neither Option 1 nor Option 2 threads state across a batch layer Phase 0 closed the cross-layer threading question definitively: Option 1 (AIR public values) is dead (probe_h/g/d_multilayer_carry) and Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) is also dead (probe_j + adversarial review — layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest). There is no per-instance value channel across a batch-recursion layer, so zkCoins' prev_account/ProofData IVC carry is structurally unbuildable on this rev. Record NO-GO in the §5 result, the §6 Phase-1-authorize block ("DO NOT START Phase 1"; §6-§14 kept as a would-be plan for if an escape route opens), P5-T1 (BLOCKED), P5-T2 (BLOCKED), and the §10 budget note (moot under NO-GO). Escape routes: an upstream rev that exposes cross-layer public inputs (pinned probes auto-detect), a protocol redesign, or a fork (excluded by §16). Decision is the operator's per §16. * docs(plonky3): gate is GO via Path 1+5 (carrier tables) — overturn NO-GO, unblock Phases 4-5 Phase 0 reassessment: probe_q + probe_r_carrier_chain prove a custom AIR's public value (carrier table) threads state across a batch layer end-to-end (V_3==V_0+3, sound negatives, no fork). probe_r_cost: within ≤5s warm budget. Update P0-T6 memo block, §6 Phase-0 outcome, and P5-T1/P5-T2/budget-note to the carrier-table direction. Rationale: MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md; proof: PR #214. --- MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md | 409 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 409 insertions(+) create mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c2da14e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +# Migration Plan: Plonky2 → Plonky3 + +**Status:** proposed work plan — execution-ready task specification. +**Audience:** the engineer/agent executing the migration locally (Mac Studio M3 Ultra **or** M5 MacBook Pro, single host, no external CUDA). +**Authoritative companions:** `ROADMAP.md` §"Post-MVP Path: Plonky3", `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.11/§7.12/§7.14/§7.21/§7.22, `SPEC.md` (implementation-agnostic protocol spec). This document is the *how*; those are the *why*. + +--- + +## 0. How to use this document + +1. **Read §1–§3 fully before touching code.** They define what must NOT change and how to work. +2. **Phase 0 (§5) is a HARD GATE.** Do not start Phase 1+ until Phase 0 passes its acceptance criteria. If Phase 0 hits an upstream gap, **STOP and report** — do not patch upstream, do not work around it silently. +3. Work **one phase = one feature branch = one draft PR against `staging`** (see §3). Finish and merge a phase before starting the next, unless explicitly parallelizable (noted per phase). +4. Every task lists: **files**, **acceptance**, **local verification command**. A task is done only when its local command is green. +5. When a task says "port", it means: reproduce identical protocol semantics on the Plonky3 backend — not redesign. `SPEC.md` is frozen for this migration. + +--- + +## 1. Scope & non-negotiables + +### What this migration IS +A backend swap of the proving system from **Plonky2 (Poseidon-Goldilocks)** to **Plonky3**, preserving 100% of protocol semantics defined in `SPEC.md`. New crates `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` are built alongside the existing `program-plonky2` / `script-plonky2`, which are deleted only after parity is proven (§Phase 8). + +### What MUST NOT change (verify against these at every phase) +- **On-chain format.** Bitcoin stores only a Schnorr inscription with txid prefix `4242`. The proof system is invisible on-chain. No change to inscription encoding. +- **Schnorr boundary (`SPEC.md` §5.4).** Wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. secp256k1 stays off-circuit. The ONLY thing that may change here is the *byte serialization* of `asth`/`ocr` digests if the field changes (see Phase 7) — and that requires a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump. +- **Protocol constants.** `MAX_IN_COINS = 8`, `MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, `TREE_DEPTH = 256`, ProofData public-input semantics. (Their *encoding* into field elements may change with the field; their *meaning* does not.) +- **Account/coin model, SMT/MMR structure, ProofData layout** as specified in `SPEC.md`. +- **The 121 circuit tests** in `program-plonky2/src/**` define the behavioral contract. Their Plonky3 equivalents must assert the same protocol facts. + +### Decision authority +Anything account-specific or protocol-visible: if unsure, it stays identical to `SPEC.md`. Implementation-internal choices (limb packing, gate selection, recursion topology): decide locally, document inline, do not escalate. + +--- + +## 2. Field & hash sequencing decision (READ — this shapes the whole plan) + +Two independent risk axes must be **decoupled**, both in the spike and in the real port: + +- **Axis A — recursion/API:** Plonky3's circuit + recursion model is fundamentally different from Plonky2's (AIR-based, external `p3-recursion` lib). This is the load-bearing risk. +- **Axis B — field/hash:** Goldilocks (64-bit, 4-element digest, D=2) → KoalaBear/BabyBear (31-bit, 8-element digest, D=4/5). Mechanical but pervasive (limb packing, digest width). + +**Mandated sequencing — do NOT collapse these:** + +1. **Phase 0 spike in Goldilocks.** `p3-recursion` supports Goldilocks (`p3-goldilocks` is in its deps). Proving recursion works in *the same field you have today* isolates Axis A from Axis B. If recursion fails even in Goldilocks, the field choice is irrelevant and the whole migration is upstream-blocked. +2. **Phases 1–6 port in Goldilocks-on-Plonky3.** Minimal-diff: same field, same digest width, Poseidon2 instead of Poseidon, Plonky3 API instead of Plonky2 API. Get all tests green here first. +3. **Phase 9 (separate, optional follow-up) field swap to KoalaBear/BabyBear.** Only after Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 is fully green. This is where the small-field/Poseidon2 perf win and any future GPU path live. It is a focused, well-bounded change at that point, not entangled with the API port. + +Rationale: every prior incident in `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7 came from entangling shape/field/recursion changes. Keep one variable moving at a time. + +--- + +## 3. Working rules (apply to EVERY PR in this migration) + +- **Language:** code, comments, commits, PR text in **English**. (Operator-facing chat may be German; the repo is English.) +- **No AI attribution** in commits or PRs (no footer, no `Co-Authored-By`). +- **Base branch: `staging`.** Per `CONTRIBUTING.md`: feature PRs target `staging`, never `develop`/`main` (both protected, auto-PR only). +- **All PRs are drafts** (`gh pr create --repo zk-coins/node --base staging --draft …`). Maintainer flips to ready. +- **Branch naming:** `feat/plonky3--` (e.g. `feat/plonky3-p0-recursion-spike`). +- **No force-push**, even on side branches. Fixes are new commits. +- **Local green before push — in this order** (mirrors CI; never push on a local red): + 1. `cargo fmt --all -- --check` + 2. `cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings` + 3. `cargo build --release` + 4. Tests for the touched crate(s) (see per-phase commands) +- **Per-PR review loop (3-subagent default):** implementer + quality-reviewer + logic-reviewer, loop until both report `PASS_CLEAN` AND PR CI is green; PR stays draft until then. +- **Coverage:** `develop` must stay 100% green. New Plonky3 code carries the same diff-coverage bar as the rest of the repo; the heavy gate runs `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release`. + +--- + +## 4. Pre-flight (one-time local setup) + +| Item | Command / value | +|---|---| +| Toolchain | nightly (pinned in `rust-toolchain`). `rustup toolchain install nightly` | +| Coverage tool | `cargo install cargo-llvm-cov cargo-nextest` | +| Postgres (node tests) | `docker run -d --name zkcoins-pg -e POSTGRES_USER=zkcoins -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=zkpw -e POSTGRES_DB=zkcoins -p 5433:5432 postgres:16` then `export DATABASE_URL=postgres://zkcoins:zkpw@127.0.0.1:5433/zkcoins` | +| Baseline | On a clean checkout of `staging`: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky2` → record pass count (expect 121) and wall time. This is the parity target. | +| Prove-time bench | `cargo run --release --bin probe_r2 -- --persist` → writes JSON under `scripts/bench/results/`. Record warm-prove p50 as the perf baseline. | + +--- + +## 5. Phase 0 — Recursion Feasibility Spike ⛔ HARD GATE + +**Goal:** prove that `p3-recursion` can express the three composition patterns zkCoins depends on, **in Goldilocks**, using trivial AIRs (a counter circuit) — NOT the real state-transition circuit. This de-risks the whole migration before any real porting cost is spent. + +**Crate:** new throwaway crate `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/` (excluded from the workspace's default members or added as a clearly-marked spike member). Not in the `program-plonky3` path. + +**Dependencies (git-pin — `p3-recursion` is NOT on crates.io):** +```toml +[dependencies] +p3-recursion = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +p3-uni-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +p3-batch-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +p3-goldilocks = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +p3-circuit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +p3-circuit-prover = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } +# Poseidon2 in-circuit: p3-poseidon2-circuit-air (same rev) +``` +Resolve `` to the current `main` HEAD of `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` and pin it. Record the rev in the PR description. Never use a floating `branch`. + +### The contract to reproduce (mapped from current code) + +| Pattern | Current Plonky2 implementation | `p3-recursion` candidate API | +|---|---|---| +| **A — IVC / cyclic with base case** | `main.rs::common_data_for_recursion_c` + `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` (single fixed-point, NoopGate pad to `1<<12`) | `prove_next_layer` chain + `into_recursion_input::()` | +| **B — fan-in-8, variable active count** | `source_aggregator.rs`: 8× `conditionally_verify_proof`, dummy via `cyclic_base_proof`, per-slot `active` bit, `total_aggregator_pis = 236` | `build_aggregation_layer_circuit` (2-to-1 tree, depth 3) **or** `p3-batch-stark` | +| **C — vk + PI binding across layers** | outer `connect_hashes`-binds aggregator's claimed st-vk to its own cyclic vk; 20-element ProofData PIs propagated | expose inner vk/commitment as constrained PI in outer | + +### Tasks + +**P0-T1 — Spike crate skeleton + dependency resolution.** +Files: `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}`. +Acceptance: crate compiles against the pinned `p3-recursion`; a trivial counter AIR (`next = cur + 1`) proves and verifies via `p3-uni-stark` over Goldilocks. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike base_air_round_trips`. + +**P0-T2 — Probe A (IVC/cyclic with base case).** +Build a 3-layer chain: layer 0 = base (no predecessor), layer 1 verifies layer 0, layer 2 verifies layer 1, carrying a constrained counter PI from the base. +PASS: layer-2 proof verifies; counter PI = 2 provably threaded from base; per-layer proof shape/time is constant (true IVC, no growth). +FAIL: shape grows per layer, OR no way to express a base case without a predecessor proof (this is the `_or_dummy` equivalent — its absence is a hard blocker). +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_a_ivc`. + +**P0-T3 — Probe B (fan-in-8, variable active count).** +Aggregate 8 leaf proofs into one, for k ∈ {0, 1, 8} real leaves with the rest padded/dummy; expose per-leaf PIs + an `active` bit. +PASS: aggregate verifies for all k; per-leaf PIs surface correctly; a fixed-shape padding mechanism exists (2-to-1 tree depth 3, or batch-stark with a validity flag). +FAIL: no "conditionally verify or dummy" primitive → variable count forces 8 real proofs (no padding), or batch-stark cannot verify N proofs of the *same* AIR with per-proof PIs. **This is the most likely blocker — probe it first after P0-T1.** +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_b_fanin`. + +**P0-T4 — Probe C (vk/PI binding across layers).** +Expose the inner proof's vk/commitment as a PI in the outer and constrain it; feed a deliberately wrong-vk inner proof. +PASS: wrong-vk proof is rejected by the outer; correct-vk accepted. +FAIL: inner vk is not reachable as a constrainable PI → no `connect_hashes` equivalent. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_c_vk_binding`. + +**P0-T5 — Measure single-layer recursion cost on the local host.** +Record wall-clock prove time + peak RSS for one recursion layer (Probe A layer 1) on the executing machine (M3 Ultra and/or M5). +Acceptance: numbers written into the PR body and into `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike--.md`. +Why: directly informs the ≤5 s / ≤1 s warm-prove budget (`CONTRIBUTING.md` §hardware) and whether any GPU path is even needed. + +**P0-T6 — Go/No-Go memo.** +File: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (new). +Contents: per-probe `supported / blocked / workaround` with code pointers; measured prove time + RSS; for any FAIL, a linked upstream issue in `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` (search the 18 open issues first); a revised effort estimate for Phases 1–8; recommended field decision for Phase 9. + +### Phase 0 GATE criteria +- **GO:** Probes A, B, C all PASS (or have a documented in-repo workaround needing no upstream change). Proceed to Phase 1. +- **NO-GO (upstream-gated):** any probe blocked by a `p3-recursion` gap. STOP. Do not start Phase 1. File/link the upstream issue, set a re-check date, report to the operator. Do not patch or fork `p3-recursion` as part of this migration. + +> **Recorded Phase 0 result (2026-06-06, see `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`):** +> 🟢 **GO via Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting (carrier) tables.** An initial reading +> was NO-GO, but it was **scoped too narrowly**: it tested only primitive tables and +> `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (which surface `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`). The +> solution-space search (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`, 9 paths) surfaced that a +> **custom AIR with `num_public_values() > 0` DOES expose a soundly-bound per-instance value +> across a batch-recursion layer** (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev). Two probes +> confirm this empirically end-to-end: +> - **`probe_q_custom_public_value`** — a `PublicValueAir` (`num_public_values()=1`, first-row +> bind) surfaces its value across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`); value 42 +> verifies, 999 rejected. This is the per-instance value channel the earlier reading missed. +> - **`probe_r_carrier_chain`** — the chosen-direction construction proven end-to-end: a +> **depth-4 carrier-table IVC chain** where each layer is a real `prove_batch` `CarrierAir` +> proof carrying `[v_in, v_out]` (AIR enforces `v_out == v_in + 1`, both bound to committed +> trace cells), and each IVC link verifies BOTH adjacent carriers in one `CircuitBuilder` +> (`verify_batch_circuit` — their PVs surface as length-2 `air_public_targets`) and +> `connect`s `v_out(N) == v_in(N+1)`. POSITIVE: `V_3 == V_0 + 3`. NEGATIVE: wrong forwarded +> value → WitnessConflict (with a control that isolates the cause); wrong carrier bind → +> OodEvaluationMismatch. **Public-API-only — no fork.** It also dodges upstream issue #436 +> by avoiding the high-level `prove_next_layer` aggregation API. +> +> So `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain **is buildable** on this rev via +> carrier tables, and **Phases 4–5 can proceed.** Cost (`probe_r_cost`, `2^16`-row inner +> scale): the carrier threading + in-circuit two-proof verification add **no** measurable +> overhead on the bare recursion floor (base ≈271 ms/layer, link witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS +> ≈91 MB); the budget-gating cost remains the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit +> (Probe I's ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB class) — **within the ≤5 s warm budget** with ~1.8 s headroom, +> to be re-measured against the real Poseidon-heavy circuit early in Phase 5. +> **CHOSEN DIRECTION: Path 1+5** (rationale + alternatives in `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`; +> end-to-end proof: PR #214). **The port is authorized to start.** + +### Phase 0 abort/timebox +- Hard timebox: **5 working days.** This is a feasibility probe, not a port. +- Distinguish "holding it wrong" from "upstream gap": every FAIL must point to a concrete API location or an existing upstream issue. + +--- + +## 6. Phase 1 — New crate skeleton + +**Prereq: Phase 0 = GO. Phase 0 is GO via Path 1+5 (carrier tables, see below) — Phase 1 is authorized.** + +### 🟢 Phase 0 outcome — cross-layer state threading IS buildable via carrier tables → GO (Path 1+5) + +The cross-layer state channel was the open feasibility question. An initial reading was +NO-GO because it tested only **primitive tables and `CircuitBuilder` public inputs** (which +surface `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`). The solution-space search +(`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`) overturned that: a **custom AIR with +`num_public_values() > 0` exposes a soundly-bound per-instance value across a +batch-recursion layer** (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev). The construction is +a **carrier table**: a small custom AIR whose public values carry the threaded state, bound +to its committed trace cells, and re-verified in the next layer via `verify_batch_circuit`. +- **`probe_q_custom_public_value`** proves the channel exists: a `PublicValueAir`'s value + surfaces across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`), correct value accepted, + wrong value rejected. +- **`probe_r_carrier_chain`** proves the full construction end-to-end: a depth-4 carrier-table + IVC chain threading a counter `V_3 == V_0 + 3`; each link verifies both adjacent carriers + in-circuit and `connect`s the carry; wrong forwarded value and wrong carrier bind both + rejected (with a control isolating the cause). **Public-API-only, no fork**; dodges upstream + issue #436 by staying on the low-level `prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit` API. +- **`probe_r_cost`** (`2^16`-row inner scale): carrier threading adds no measurable overhead + on the bare recursion floor; per-transition cost stays within the ≤5 s warm budget + (~1.8 s headroom), gated by the link-circuit STARK-prove (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class). + +**Consequence:** `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain (and the +source-aggregator per-leaf surfacing) **is buildable** on this rev via carrier tables. The +binding primitives below (`probe_d_pi_threading`, `probe_e_active_masking`, +`probe_f_vk_binding`) compose with the carrier channel to build Phases 4–5. **Phase 1 is +authorized.** + +**Implementation direction for Phases 4–5 (Path 1+5):** model each `prev_account`/ProofData +state element as a carrier table public value, bind it to the committed state-transition +trace, and re-verify the predecessor carrier in each IVC layer via `verify_batch_circuit`, +`connect`ing the carry across layers exactly as `probe_r_carrier_chain` does. Full rationale +and the 8 alternatives considered (Sonobe/Nova folding, off-circuit continuity, zkVMs, +ProtoStar/Boojum/Lasso): `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`. End-to-end proof: PR #214. + +> **Pinned regression guards (still armed):** `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, +> `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, and `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` remain pinned (`= 0`) +> — they document that the *primitive-table* path does NOT carry state, so the port must use +> the carrier-table construction, not raw `CircuitBuilder` public inputs. If a future rev +> changes the primitive-table behavior these turn red and the carrier approach should be +> re-evaluated against the (then simpler) native path. + +The remainder of §6–§14 below is the authorized plan; Phases 4–5 follow the carrier-table +direction recorded above. + +**P1-T1 — Create `program-plonky3` crate.** +Files: `program-plonky3/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}`; add to workspace `members`. +Mirror `program-plonky2`'s module layout (`circuit/`, `merkle/`, `hash.rs`, `inputs.rs`, `types.rs`) as empty stubs. +Set the prelude: `F`, `C`, `D`, hash config — **Goldilocks + Poseidon2** (Plonky3), per §2 step 2. +Acceptance: a prelude smoke test (build trivial circuit, prove, verify) passes, mirroring `program-plonky2/src/lib.rs::prelude_round_trips_a_proof`. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prelude_round_trips_a_proof`. + +**P1-T2 — Create `prover-plonky3` crate.** +Files: `prover-plonky3/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}` mirroring `script-plonky2` (subprocess `[[bin]]` boundary as documented in `script-plonky2/src/lib.rs`). +Acceptance: compiles; exposes the same prove-fn surface names as `script-plonky2` (initial / account_update / with_in_coins / …) as stubs returning `unimplemented!()`. +Verify: `cargo build -p zkcoins-prover-plonky3`. + +--- + +## 7. Phase 2 — Field elements, hash, packing primitives + +**P2-T1 — `types.rs` port.** +Port `HashDigest`, `Address`, `Amount`, `AssetId`, `AccountState`, `Coin`, `ProofData` to the Plonky3 field types. +Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 keeps the 4-element digest → minimal change vs `program-plonky2/src/types.rs`. +Acceptance: serialization round-trips byte-identically to the Plonky2 version for the same logical values (cross-check test against `program-plonky2`). +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 types::`. + +**P2-T2 — `hash.rs` port (Poseidon → Poseidon2).** +Port `hash_bytes`, `ZERO_HASH`, digest helpers to Poseidon2 over Goldilocks. +⚠️ `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.1: guard the Poseidon zero-state collision in SMT defaults — re-verify the same defense holds under Poseidon2. +Acceptance: known-answer tests for the hash; SMT default-leaf collision test ported and green. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 hash::`. + +**P2-T3 — `inputs.rs` port.** +Witness-input plumbing; align with Plonky3 witness generation. +Acceptance: input structs build the same logical witness as Plonky2. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 inputs::`. + +--- + +## 8. Phase 3 — Merkle gadgets + +**P3-T1 — Sparse Merkle Tree (`merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, 648 LOC).** +Port inclusion / non-inclusion / insert gadgets; keep `TREE_DEPTH = 256`. +⚠️ `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.2 (variable vs fixed depth), §7.14 (path-compressed SMTs incompatible with cyclic recursion — keep fixed-depth), §7.15 (`select_hash` masking). +Acceptance: all SMT tests ported and green; non-inclusion + insert positive/negative cases preserved. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 sparse_merkle_tree`. + +**P3-T2 — Merkle Mountain Range (`merkle/merkle_mountain_range.rs` + `circuit/mmr.rs`).** +Port MMR inclusion; ⚠️ §7.16 (`root_extended`/`extend_to` for fixed-depth verification). MMR is built off-circuit by the scanner — keep that boundary. +Acceptance: MMR tests ported and green. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 mmr`. + +--- + +## 9. Phase 4 — State-transition circuit (single-proof, no recursion yet) + +**P4-T1 — Port `circuit/main.rs` build path WITHOUT recursion** (3882 LOC; the non-recursive core first). +Reproduce: public-input layout (`N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS = 20`), in/out-coin slot logic (`MAX_IN_COINS`/`MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`), per-slot `active`-bit masking (§7.17), `account_state.hash` lifecycle (§7.19). +Explicitly EXCLUDE for now: `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, aggregator verification, `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`. +Acceptance: `prove_initial` (no in-coins, no recursion) proves and verifies; ProofData PIs match the Plonky2 layout semantically. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_initial`. + +**P4-T2 — Port the remaining non-recursive prove entrypoints.** +`prove_initial_with_in_coins`, `prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins`, the `prove_account_update*` non-source variants. +Acceptance: each ported entrypoint's tests green. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_account_update`. + +--- + +## 10. Phase 5 — Recursion + aggregator (topology dictated by Phase 0 result) + +This phase implements the patterns proven feasible in Phase 0. The concrete API choices follow the Go/No-Go memo (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`). + +> ⚠️ **Phase-5 budget note (carrier-table direction).** A recursion layer over a real-sized +> (~2^16-gate) inner proof is ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB (`probe_i_cost_projection`) — a **single-layer +> lower bound** on an *arithmetic* toy circuit. `probe_r_cost` showed the carrier-table +> threading + in-circuit two-proof verification add **no measurable overhead** on that floor +> (base ≈271 ms/layer, link witness-gen ≈2 ms, RSS ≈91 MB), so the per-transition cost is +> gated by the link-circuit STARK-prove (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class) — within the ≤5 s warm +> budget with ~1.8 s headroom. BUT the real state-transition constraints are Poseidon-heavy +> (the Plonky2 base prove is already 4.35 s), and the synthetic carrier rows are lighter per +> row than the real circuit. So **measure warm-prove p50 against a minimal REAL-circuit + +> carrier prototype FIRST**, early in Phase 5, before porting the full aggregator. If it +> misses budget, apply design knobs (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, drop in-coin recursion, folding) +> — never external hardware (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.11`). A failed budget check there is a +> Phase-5 STOP trigger (escalate, per §16), not a silent overrun. + +**P5-T1 — Cyclic/IVC for `prev_account`.** +Replace `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` + `common_data_for_recursion_c` with the Phase-0-proven IVC construction (`p3-recursion` layer chain). Preserve the base-case (first transition, no predecessor). +✅ **Buildable via the carrier-table construction (§6 GO, Path 1+5).** Model `prev_account`/ProofData as carrier-table public values bound to the committed state-transition trace, and re-verify the predecessor carrier in each IVC layer via `verify_batch_circuit`, `connect`ing the carry across layers — exactly the depth-4 chain proven end-to-end in `probe_r_carrier_chain` (`V_3 == V_0+3`, sound negatives). The threading binding primitive (`probe_d_pi_threading`) composes with this carrier channel. Note: do NOT route state through primitive-table / raw `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (`probe_d_multilayer_carry`/`probe_h`/`probe_g` pin those to `[0,0,0]`) — the value must live on a custom public-value-emitting AIR. +Acceptance: a 2-transition account history proves and verifies; the cyclic vk binding holds; per-transition proof shape constant; the threaded `prev_account` value is provably carried across both transitions (carrier `connect`). +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 cyclic`. + +**P5-T2 — Source aggregator (fan-in-8).** +Port `source_aggregator.rs` semantics: bundle up to `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` source proofs, expose per-slot ProofData (20) + `active` bit, total PIs = `8·21 + 4 + cap`. Use the Phase-0-proven fan-in approach (2-to-1 tree, depth 3 — `probe_b_fanin`). +✅ **Buildable via carrier tables (§6 GO, Path 1+5).** Per-leaf ProofData does NOT auto-surface from a stock aggregation (`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`: aggregation output exposes 0 per-leaf values), so each slot's ProofData must be carried on a **carrier-table public value** and re-verified into the outer via `verify_batch_circuit` (same channel as P5-T1), then masked by the per-slot `active` bit (`probe_e_active_masking` proves the §7.17 masking primitive); padding (inactive slots = cheap real proofs) is unchanged from the Plonky2 design. +⚠️ §7.21/§7.22: the Plonky2 single-`_or_dummy` limitation and the lazy-verifier-data connect-back were Plonky2-specific. Re-derive the equivalent fixed-point/binding under `p3-recursion`; do not copy the Plonky2 workaround blindly. +Acceptance: aggregator smoke (all-inactive) + one-active-slot-with-real-source tests ported and green. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 aggregator`. + +**P5-T3 — Outer verifies aggregator + vk connect-back (Pattern C).** +Wire the outer state-transition to verify the aggregator proof once and bind the aggregator's claimed source-vk to the outer's own (Phase-0 Probe C construction). +Acceptance: a wrong-vk aggregator proof is rejected at outer verify; correct path proves end-to-end. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_*_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources`. + +--- + +## 11. Phase 6 — Prover wiring + node integration + +**P6-T1 — Implement `prover-plonky3` prove fns** (replace the Phase-1 stubs) calling the `program-plonky3` circuit. +Acceptance: subprocess prove boundary works; output `CoinProof` (bincode) deserializes node-side. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-prover-plonky3`. + +**P6-T2 — Rewire `node` to the Plonky3 prover** behind the existing call sites (`node/src/flow.rs`, `router.rs`, `account_node.rs`, `job_dispatcher.rs`). +Per `ROADMAP.md` R5: closed test environment → **replace, no dual-backend feature flag**. Delete the Plonky2 call path in this step (not a later cleanup). +Acceptance: node builds; all node tests green against the Plonky3 prover (needs Postgres, see §4). +Verify: `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features --show-missing-lines`. + +**P6-T3 — Proof-bytes storage note.** +`node/src/runtime.rs`/`db.rs`: proof blobs are large; the Plonky3 proof size differs. Verify storage assumptions still hold; adjust column/size comments only (no schema change unless a test fails). +Acceptance: persistence tests green. + +--- + +## 12. Phase 7 — Serialization boundary + SDK coordination + +Only relevant if the digest byte-encoding changes. In **Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 (Phases 1–8)** the 4×8-byte digest is unchanged → **no SDK change in this phase**. This phase becomes load-bearing only in Phase 9 (field swap). + +**P7-T1 — Assert Schnorr-message bytes are byte-identical** to the Plonky2 build for the same logical `(asth, ocr)`. +Acceptance: a cross-backend test confirms `SHA256(serialize(asth)‖serialize(ocr))` is identical → wallet signatures remain valid, no `zk-coins/sdk` change needed. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p shared commitment`. + +(If Phase 9 changes the field: open a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` PR bumping the `asth`/`ocr` serialization, merged in lockstep with the node change. Closed env, DEV+PRD only — no third-party integrators.) + +--- + +## 13. Phase 8 — Parity, coverage, bench, decommission Plonky2 + +**P8-T1 — Test parity.** Every behavioral assertion from the 121 `program-plonky2` tests has a green `program-plonky3` equivalent. +Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3` (count ≥ Plonky2 baseline). + +**P8-T2 — Coverage gate.** Diff coverage meets the repo bar. +Verify: `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --all-features --show-missing-lines`. + +**P8-T3 — Perf bench.** Re-run `probe_r2`; compare warm-prove p50 vs the Plonky2 baseline recorded in §4. Write `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2--.md`. +Acceptance: numbers recorded (a regression is acceptable to report, not to hide — Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 may not beat tuned Plonky2 until Phase 9's small-field swap). + +**P8-T4 — Decommission Plonky2.** Delete `program-plonky2/` and `script-plonky2/`; update `shared/Cargo.toml` dependency (`zkcoins-program` → `program-plonky3`); scrub stale references in docs (`SPEC.md`, `ROADMAP.md`, `CONTRIBUTING.md`, `README.md`). +Acceptance: workspace builds with no Plonky2 dependency; `grep -ri plonky2 --include=*.rs` returns nothing in source. +Verify: `cargo build --release && cargo nextest run`. + +--- + +## 14. Phase 9 — (optional, separate decision) field swap to KoalaBear / BabyBear + +Do NOT start until Phase 8 is merged and green. This is where the small-field + Poseidon2 perf win (and any future CUDA/GPU path) lives. Scoped follow-up: +- Swap `F` to KoalaBear (or BabyBear), `D` to 4/5, digest 4→8 elements. +- Rework `types.rs`/`hash.rs`/both Merkle modules for 8-element digests and new limb packing (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.4 canonical-reduction safety). +- Execute Phase 7's coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` serialization bump. +- Re-run Phases 7–8 acceptance. +Field choice (KoalaBear vs BabyBear vs Goldilocks-stay) is decided in the Phase-0 memo + Phase-8 bench, not here. + +--- + +## 15. Whole-migration acceptance + +- [ ] Phase 0 GO memo merged. +- [ ] All 121+ circuit behaviors green on Plonky3. +- [ ] All node/shared tests green on Plonky3 (Postgres-backed). +- [ ] Coverage gate green on `develop`. +- [ ] `probe_r2` bench recorded (Plonky3 vs Plonky2). +- [ ] No `plonky2` dependency remains in the workspace. +- [ ] On-chain inscription format unchanged; SDK signatures still valid (or SDK bumped in lockstep if Phase 9 ran). +- [ ] `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` foot-guns (§7.x) each re-checked under Plonky3 and noted. + +## 16. Stop / escalate + +- **Upstream gap in `p3-recursion`** (Phase 0 NO-GO, or a Phase-5 regression): STOP, link the upstream issue, report. Do not fork/patch upstream within this migration. +- **A protocol-visible change becomes necessary** (would alter `SPEC.md` semantics): STOP and escalate — out of scope for a backend swap. +- **Same reviewer objection unresolved after 2 attempts:** escalate to the operator. From d94ccbf939f4469bffd9c34f4642099768f5d80b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 00:09:55 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 14/19] =?UTF-8?q?feat(plonky3):=20Phase=200=20recursion=20?= =?UTF-8?q?feasibility=20spike=20=E2=80=94=20gate=20is=20GO=20(carrier=20t?= =?UTF-8?q?ables)=20(#212)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * feat(plonky3): Phase 0 recursion feasibility spike — GO gate Add spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike, an isolated probe (its own workspace, excluded from the root workspace so the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the node/shared build or CI) that empirically proves Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion can express the three composition patterns the zkCoins circuit depends on, in Goldilocks, on the pinned revs: - Probe A (IVC/cyclic with base case): 4-layer chain; the verifier-circuit shape reaches a fixed point (true IVC, no growth) — the analogue of Plonky2 common_data_for_recursion. witness_count [25567, 104630, 107957, 107957]. - Probe B (fan-in-8, variable active count): 2-to-1 aggregation composes into a fixed-shape tree (fan-in-4 probed; fan-in-8 is one more level). No native conditional-verify primitive; inactive slots are padded with real proofs and masked downstream via an active bit. - Probe C (vk/PI binding): an inner proof's public inputs are bound in the verifier circuit; a mismatched claim is rejected in-circuit. Record P0-T5 cost (~4.65 s per stabilized layer, ~1 GB peak RSS) and the P0-T6 Go/No-Go memo (MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md). Gate decision: GO. Pins: Plonky3-recursion 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b, Plonky3 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803. * docs(plonky3): tighten Phase 0 memo + probes to match §5 PASS criteria exactly Address logic-review findings — scope the spike's claims precisely against MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5 so the GO gate is not overstated: - Probe A: strengthen the fixed-point assertion (require the shape to have GROWN before stabilising, not just last-two-equal). Document that cross-layer counter PI THREADING (P0-T2 crit. 2) is not exercised — into_recursion_input carries empty table_public_inputs; the enabling primitive is proven in Probe C; explicit threading is Phase-5 work. - Probe B: relabel honestly — the probe proves 2-to-1 fan-in TREE COMPOSITION (4 identical real leaves), NOT variable active count / per-leaf PIs / active-bit masking. The masking strategy (§7.17) is Phase-5 construction on proven primitives. - Probe C: relabel as PUBLIC-INPUT binding (proven), with vk-equality connect-back as Phase-5 construction (the literal "wrong-vk proof" is not fed). Memo gate decision restated: the three mechanisms are proven; the three deferred items are in-repo Phase-5 construction, not upstream gaps. Decision stays GO. All 4 probes still green; fmt + clippy clean. * feat(plonky3): exercise the three §5 PASS items empirically (Probes D/E/F) The Phase-0 gate previously proved the three mechanisms but DEFERRED the three real §5 PASS items to Phase 5. This adds probes that exercise them end-to-end with real proving and positive+negative (+control) assertions: - Probe D (probe_d_pi_threading): cross-layer PI threading binding. An outer circuit verifying an inner uni-stark proof exposes air_public_targets and threads a value (next_start = inner.last + 1) bound to an outer public input; a wrong threaded value is rejected; a control without the bind accepts it. - Probe D part 2 (probe_d_multilayer_carry): the escalated finding. Verifying an inner BATCH proof of a CircuitBuilder circuit exposes NO inner public inputs (air_public_targets = [0,0,0]); the high-level chain does not propagate public inputs across layers (differs from Plonky2 cyclic recursion). Pinned by assert. - Probe E (probe_e_active_masking): variable-active-count masking (§7.17). An 8-slot fixed-shape consumer circuit, batch-stark-proved for real: active+correct with inactive-garbage accepted (masked); active-wrong rejected; flipping a garbage slot's active bit flips the verdict; flipping back re-masks. - Probe F (probe_f_vk_binding): vk-equality connect-back. Two ConstPrepAir instances (k=42/99) have different preprocessed commitments (= vks). A proof from vk_99 (internally valid against vk_99) is rejected SOLELY by the connect to vk_42; a control accepts it unbound. Rewrite MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md: the §5 items are now exercised (not deferred); the gate is GO with ONE escalated finding (cross-layer public-input propagation), surfaced for operator judgment per §16. All 8 probes green; fmt + clippy clean. * docs(plonky3): mark probe_a row as P0-T2 crit. 1 (not PI threading) * feat(plonky3): close the cross-layer/cost gaps before Phase 1 (Probes G/H/I) Three integrated probes that resolve the previously-escalated open questions into hard, pre-Phase-1 constraints: - Probe H (probe_h_option1_air_public_values): Option 1 (carry the threaded value as an AIR public value) is DEAD. The honest empty-PI layer builds+proves; injecting a non-empty RecursionInput::BatchStark.table_public_inputs is rejected. Combined with probe_d_multilayer_carry (air_public_targets = [0,0,0]), both Option-1 avenues fail. - Probe G (probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough): a real 2-to-1 aggregation's per-leaf values are NOT surfaced to the outer (air_public_targets = 0). The integrated fan-in-8 per-leaf-PI passthrough is blocked at the first cross-layer hop. => Together G+H decide the Phase-1-authorize choice: Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) is MANDATORY for IVC threading AND aggregator per-leaf surfacing. - Probe I (probe_i_cost_projection): recursion-layer cost at real inner-proof scale. Sub-linear scaling; a layer over a ~2^16-gate proof is ~3.2s / ~1.4GB. Combined with the mandatory Option-2 overhead and the base prove, the 5s warm budget is at material risk -> measure on the real circuit early in Phase 5. Rewrite MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md: status is now CONDITIONAL GO (Option 2 mandatory; warm-prove budget at material risk). The pinned probes (G/H/multilayer_carry) catch a future upstream rev that restores native public-input propagation. All 11 probes green; fmt + clippy clean. * docs(plonky3): scope Option-1 'impossible' to 'not achievable on this rev' * feat(plonky3): Probe J — Option 2 commit+rebind primitive works, but cannot compose The in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind primitive (add_hash_slice + connect) is real and binding: hash(V) binds to hash(V); a mismatched preimage is rejected. So Option 2's per-layer commit+rebind building block is expressible. But it needs layer N+1 to read layer N's committed digest, which is structurally impossible across a batch layer (probe_d_multilayer_carry / probe_g / probe_h: no per-instance value exposed, only whole-trace Merkle commitments). So multi-layer Option-2 threading is NOT achievable — confirming both Option 1 and Option 2 are dead and the cross-layer state IVC is unbuildable on this rev. * docs(plonky3): gate is NO-GO — Option 2 cannot compose across batch layers (Probe J) Probe J + an adversarial review of all six escape routes confirm that neither Option 1 nor Option 2 can thread a value across a batch-recursion layer. The per-layer commit+rebind primitive works (in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind), but layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest (batch proofs expose only whole-trace Merkle commitments; FRI openings are FS-random; vk is per-circuit-static; NPO public_values are hardcoded empty with no public registration path). So zkCoins' cross-layer state IVC is structurally unbuildable on this rev. Memo status: CONDITIONAL GO -> NO-GO, with escape routes (upstream feature / protocol redesign / fork-excluded). * feat(plonky3): Probes L/N/O — multi-AIR coexistence, concurrency, soundness - Probe L (probe_l_multi_air): two heterogeneous AIRs (CounterAir state-transition-like + ConstPrepAir aggregator-like) co-verify in one verifier circuit, public inputs kept distinct + individually bound; cross-wiring A's PI to B's value is rejected. - Probe N (probe_n_concurrent): 4 independent prove+recurse+verify workloads on separate threads all succeed; peak RSS ~1.38 GB. Prover is concurrency-safe. - Probe O (probe_o_soundness): soundness spot-check — mismatched FRI private data (a different proof's Merkle paths) is rejected by the in-circuit verification, and a tampered public-input claim is rejected. Confirms the negatives in C/D/F/J/L are genuine rejections, not vacuous acceptances. - Probe M (probe_m_long_chain) added (50-layer IVC chain, fixed-point-holds-at-depth); runs slow, result folded into the memo separately. These validate recursion-mechanism robustness (multi-AIR, concurrency, soundness, depth) for a future re-evaluation; they do not change the NO-GO (cross-layer state threading is still unbuildable). * feat(plonky3): Probe P — proof serialization round-trip (node persistence) A recursion proof bincode-serializes to ~363 KB, round-trips byte-stable, and the deserialized proof still verifies; a truncated blob is rejected. Adds a verify_batch_proof helper. Relevant to Phase 6 proof-blob storage. Does not change the NO-GO. * docs(plonky3): record mechanism-robustness probes L-P (multi-AIR, depth-50, concurrency, soundness, serialization) --- Cargo.toml | 6 + MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md | 291 +++++ .../plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 44 + spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock | 1022 +++++++++++++++++ spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml | 64 ++ .../src/goldilocks_rec.rs | 437 +++++++ spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs | 190 +++ .../tests/probe_a_ivc.rs | 102 ++ .../tests/probe_b_fanin.rs | 59 + .../tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs | 143 +++ .../tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs | 102 ++ .../tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs | 145 +++ .../tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs | 101 ++ .../tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs | 183 +++ .../tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs | 119 ++ .../probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs | 73 ++ .../tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs | 74 ++ .../tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs | 96 ++ .../tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs | 179 +++ .../tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs | 75 ++ .../tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs | 60 + .../tests/probe_o_soundness.rs | 125 ++ .../tests/probe_p_serialization.rs | 67 ++ 23 files changed, 3757 insertions(+) create mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md create mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index e8a81183..88e28a03 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ members = [ "node", "shared", ] +# Phase 0 Plonky3 recursion spike is its own workspace with heavy git-pinned +# Plonky3 dependencies (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5). Excluded so it is never built +# by the main `node`/`shared` CI; build it explicitly from its own directory. +exclude = [ + "spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike", +] resolver = "2" [workspace.dependencies] diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..efd1c318 --- /dev/null +++ b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +# Plonky3 Recursion Feasibility Spike — Result (Phase 0 Go/No-Go) + +**Status:** 🛑 **NO-GO** for the migration *as specified* (replicating zkCoins' +cross-layer state IVC on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev). Probe J + an adversarial review +of all escape routes confirm that **neither Option 1 (AIR public values) nor Option 2 +(commit + hash re-bind) can thread a value across a batch-recursion layer** — there is +no per-instance value channel; only whole-trace Merkle-cap commitments are exposed, and +those cannot bind a chosen value without a fork or protocol redesign. The per-layer +commit+rebind *primitive* works (`probe_j_option2_rebind`), but it cannot **compose** +across the chain, so the `prev_account`/ProofData IVC carry is **structurally +unbuildable** here. The non-recursive parts (field/hash/Merkle/single state-transition) +remain portable, but the recursion contract — the heart of the architecture — does not. +See §"NO-GO finding" and §"Gate decision". + +> Earlier rounds read CONDITIONAL GO assuming Option 2 was viable; Probe J disproves +> that. This memo now records NO-GO with the escape routes that would reopen it. +**Date:** 2026-06-06. **Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB (single Apple-Silicon host, no CUDA). +**Companion to:** `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §5 (Phase 0). This memo is the Phase-0 gate +artifact required by P0-T6. + +## Pins probed + +| Repo | Rev | +|---|---| +| `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b` (HEAD 2026-06-06) | +| `Plonky3/Plonky3` | `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803` (the rev `Plonky3-recursion` is built against) | + +The Plonky3-main rev is **not** a free choice: `Plonky3-recursion`'s workspace pins +exactly this rev, and the recursion crates share types with it, so any other rev +yields two incompatible copies of the `p3-*` types. Use this exact pair. + +## Spike crate + +`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/` — its own workspace (edition 2024), `exclude`d +from the root zkcoins workspace so the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the +`node`/`shared` build or CI. Throwaway; deleted once the real port lands. + +Tests (all 17 green, `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`): + +| Test | Proves (real proving, ✅ = pos+neg asserted) | Result | +|---|---|---| +| `base_air_round_trips` (P0-T1) | counter AIR proves+verifies via p3-uni-stark / Goldilocks | ✅ | +| `probe_a_ivc` (P0-T2 crit. 1) | IVC structure (layer verifies predecessor) + constant-shape fixed point — does NOT itself thread a PI (that is crit. 2, below) | ✅ | +| `probe_b_fanin` (P0-T3) | 2-to-1 aggregation composes into a fixed-shape fan-in tree | ✅ | +| `probe_c_vk_binding` | inner-proof public-input binding (accept correct / reject mismatched) | ✅ | +| `probe_d_pi_threading` (P0-T2 crit. 2) | **cross-layer PI threading binding** — inner PI threaded to an outer carried value with an IVC relation; wrong value rejected | ✅ | +| `probe_d_multilayer_carry` | **the NO-GO finding** — batch proofs do NOT expose inner public inputs across a layer (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`) | ⚠️ pinned | +| `probe_e_active_masking` (P0-T3) | **variable-active-count masking** (§7.17) — 8 slots, active bit, `select`/`connect`; active-bit flip changes the verdict; real STARK proof | ✅ | +| `probe_f_vk_binding` (P0-T4) | **vk-equality connect-back** — wrong-vk inner proof (internally valid against its own vk) rejected by the binding; control confirms | ✅ | +| `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` | **Option 1 dead** — injecting a non-existent public input (`table_public_inputs`) is rejected; combined with `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, AIR-public-value threading is impossible | 🛑 pinned | +| `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` | **per-leaf PI passthrough dead** — a real 2-to-1 aggregation's leaf values are NOT exposed to the outer (`air_public_targets = 0`); integrated fan-in-8 blocked at the first hop | 🛑 pinned | +| `probe_i_cost_projection` | **cost at real scale** — recursion layer over a ≈2^16-gate inner proof: ≈3.2 s/layer, witness_count 44 912, ≈1.4 GB | 📊 | +| `probe_j_option2_rebind` | **Option 2 primitive works, cannot compose** — in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind binds `hash(V)`/rejects mismatches; but no committed digest is readable across a batch layer → multi-layer Option 2 impossible | 🛑 the NO-GO | +| `probe_l_multi_air` | **multi-AIR coexistence** — two different AIRs (state-transition-like + aggregator-like) co-verify in one circuit, PIs distinct + bound; cross-wiring rejected | ✅ | +| `probe_m_long_chain` | **long IVC chain (depth 50)** — fixed point holds CONSTANT (witness_count 107 957) to depth 50; every layer verifies; 232.8 s total (~4.66 s/layer), peak RSS ~1.39 GB (flat — no memory accumulation) | 📊 | +| `probe_n_concurrent` | **concurrent load** — 4 independent prove+recurse+verify workloads on threads all succeed; peak RSS ~1.38 GB | ✅ | +| `probe_o_soundness` | **soundness spot-check** — mismatched FRI private data (a different proof's Merkle paths) rejected; tampered public input rejected → the verifier is not vacuous | ✅ | +| `probe_p_serialization` | **proof serialization** — recursion proof bincode round-trips byte-stable (~363 KB) + still verifies; truncated blob rejected | ✅ | + +Each `✅` test asserts BOTH a positive (correct → accepted) and a negative +(tampered/wrong → rejected), and most add a CONTROL isolating the cause of the +rejection. Nothing is a mock; every rejection is a real `run()`/prove failure. + +## The single most important architectural finding + +**`p3-recursion`'s model is fundamentally different from Plonky2's, and the +migration plan must absorb that.** + +Plonky2 ships turnkey cyclic recursion (`conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, +`cyclic_base_proof`): one fixed-point circuit verifies a proof of *itself*, with a +boolean selecting base-vs-recursive, **and threads public inputs natively**. +`p3-recursion` has **none of that**. It is a **layered circuit-builder model**: + +- You build a `p3-circuit` verifier sub-circuit (`verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` / + `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit`), then prove *that* circuit with the batch-stark + prover. That proved verifier circuit is "the next layer". +- High-level `build_and_prove_next_layer` / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer` + (`recursion.rs:468,735`) wrap build+prove. +- **No** `_or_dummy` primitive, **no** conditional-verify gadget (exhaustive search). +- Aggregation is **strictly 2-to-1** (`recursion.rs:735`). +- **Public inputs are NOT auto-propagated across layers** (the NO-GO finding). + +## NO-GO finding — cross-layer state threading is structurally unbuildable 🛑 + +This is **the gate's pivot** and it is **protocol-touching** (it governs how zkCoins +threads `prev_account` / ProofData through the IVC chain). Earlier rounds narrowed the +construction to Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind); **Probe J + an adversarial review of +every escape route now show Option 2 cannot compose either** → the migration as +specified is NO-GO. + +**The binding primitives all work** (real proving): threading a value across a +*single* uni-stark verification boundary (`probe_d_pi_threading`), masking inactive +slots (`probe_e_active_masking`), and vk-equality binding (`probe_f_vk_binding`). + +**But cross-layer value passthrough is structurally absent** — confirmed three ways: +- `probe_d_multilayer_carry`: verifying an inner **batch** proof exposes + `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` — a `CircuitBuilder` circuit's public inputs live in + the committed Public *table*, never as AIR public values (`batch_stark_prover.rs` + pushes `public_storage.push(Vec::new())` for every primitive table). +- `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`: the only other Option-1 avenue — injecting a + non-empty `RecursionInput::BatchStark.table_public_inputs` — is **rejected** at + build/prove (you cannot claim a public input the proof does not structurally have). +- `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`: a **real** 2-to-1 aggregation's per-leaf values are + likewise not surfaced to the outer (`air_public_targets = 0`). So the integrated + fan-in-8 (per-leaf ProofData → outer → masked) is blocked at the first hop. + +**Why Option 2 also fails (`probe_j_option2_rebind` + adversarial review):** Option 2 +needs layer N to commit `hash(V)` and layer N+1 to READ that digest and re-bind it. The +per-layer commit+rebind *primitive* is real — `add_hash_slice` computes a Poseidon2 +digest in-circuit and `connect` binds it (`hash(V)==hash(V)` accepted, mismatches +rejected). **But layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest.** A batch proof +exposes only whole-trace Merkle-cap commitments (`proof_targets`), never a per-instance +value; the FRI openings are at Fiat–Shamir-random points (no fixed binding); the +preprocessed (vk) commitment is per-circuit-static (can't carry per-instance state); and +the shipped NPO table provers all hardcode empty `public_values` with no public +registration path to emit one. An adversarial pass over all six escape routes (trace +opening, vk channel, custom NPO table, aggregation PIs, two-proof binding, upstream +precedent) found none that binds a value across a batch layer without forking upstream +or redesigning the protocol. + +**Consequence:** Option 1 AND Option 2 are dead. zkCoins' cross-layer state IVC (the +`prev_account` carry, and the source-aggregator per-leaf ProofData surfacing) is +**structurally unbuildable** on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev. The threading/masking/vk +*binding primitives* all work in isolation — what is missing is any **per-instance value +channel across a batch-recursion layer**, which Plonky2 cyclic recursion provided +natively and Plonky3 does not. + +**Escape routes (what would reopen a GO):** +1. **Upstream feature** — a maintained `Plonky3-recursion` rev that exposes per-instance + public inputs across batch layers (e.g. a value-emitting NPO backend; the + `PcsRecursionBackend`/`FriRecursionConfig` traits are NOT sealed). `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, + `probe_h_…`, `probe_g_…` are pinned (`= 0`) and turn red the moment this changes. +2. **Protocol redesign** — an architecture that does not require threading state across + recursion layers (out of scope for a backend *port*; escalate to the operator). +3. **Fork upstream** — explicitly out of scope per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. + +## Per-probe verdict + +### Probe A — IVC structure + fixed point → **SUPPORTED** +Layered chain via `build_next_layer_circuit`/`prove_next_layer` + +`into_recursion_input::()`. Base case = a real layer-0 proof (no `_or_dummy` +needed). Constant shape proven: witness_count `[25567, 104630, 107957, 107957]` reaches +a fixed point (analogue of Plonky2 `common_data_for_recursion`, §7.12). Cross-checked +by the upstream `recursive_fibonacci --field goldilocks` example. PI threading across +this chain is the NO-GO finding above. + +### Probe B — fan-in tree composition → **SUPPORTED** +`build_and_prove_aggregation_layer`, strictly 2-to-1; a depth-2 fan-in-4 tree composes +into a fixed-shape root that verifies. `MAX_IN_COINS=8` is one more level. The variable +active count is handled by Probe E's masking (below), not inside the aggregation. + +### Probe C / Probe F — public-input binding + vk-equality connect-back → **SUPPORTED** +- C: an inner proof's public inputs are bound — a mismatched PI claim is rejected. +- F: **vk-equality connect-back exercised end-to-end.** Two `ConstPrepAir` instances + (k=42 vs k=99) have different preprocessed commitments (= different vks). The verifier + circuit `connect`s the inner preprocessed-commitment targets to vk_42. A proof from + vk_99 — which is INTERNALLY VALID against vk_99 — is rejected **solely** by the vk + bind (a control accepts it unbound). This is the Plonky2 `connect_hashes` analogue, + proven. + +### Probe E — variable-active-count masking → **SUPPORTED** +The §7.17 `connect(computed, select(active, expected, computed))` pattern, on an 8-slot +fixed-shape consumer circuit, **proved for real with batch-stark**. Active+correct slots +accepted with inactive slots carrying GARBAGE (masked away); an active slot with a wrong +value rejected; flipping a garbage slot's active bit to 1 flips the verdict to reject; +flipping back re-masks. The active bit genuinely gates the per-slot check. + +(Note: the masked slot *values* in Probe E are provided as consumer inputs. Sourcing +them from a real aggregation's per-leaf PIs is subject to the same cross-layer +public-input limitation as the NO-GO finding — i.e. the port surfaces them via the +chosen threading construction, then masks.) + +## Cost projection (P0-T5 + Probe I) + +Real reference (Plonky2, measured): the full state-transition warm-prove is **4.35 s +p50 / 3.9 GB RSS** on M5 Max at MAX_IN_COINS=8 (`scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json`); +circuit ≈ **2^16 rows / ~50k gates / ~4500 Poseidon hashes** (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` +§7.17). Budget: warm ≤ 5 s, ideal ≤ 1 s, < 64 GB. + +`probe_i_cost_projection` scales the recursion-layer measurement to real inner-proof +size (a ≈2^16-gate base) — recursion overhead grows **sub-linearly** with inner size: + +| base gates | base prove | layer-1 witness_count | layer-1 prove | +|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| 2^4 (toy) | 8 ms | 27 002 | 1.18 s | +| 2^12 | 150 ms | 38 569 | 2.32 s | +| **2^16 (real-sized)** | 2.37 s | 44 912 | **3.19 s** | + +Peak RSS for the full spike suite ≈ 1.4 GB (≈50× under budget). Earlier per-stabilized- +layer figure (≈4.65 s, witness_count 107 957) is for a chain that has re-recursed +several times; the single layer over a real-sized proof is ≈3.2 s. + +**Budget assessment (material risk):** one recursion layer over a real-sized proof is +≈3.2 s — a large fraction of the 5 s warm budget **before** the (Plonky3) base +state-transition prove and **before** the now-mandatory Option-2 commit+hash overhead +per layer. The numbers above are an *arithmetic floor* (the real circuit's Poseidon +constraints are heavier per row). So the warm-prove budget is at genuine risk and +**must be measured on the real circuit + Option-2 early in Phase 5** — if it exceeds +5 s, the design knobs are level (reduce MAX_IN_COINS, fewer in-coin recursions, +folding), never external hardware (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.11). Not a definitive +blow (base prove TBD, FRI params untuned), but not comfortable headroom either. + +## Mechanism robustness (Probes L–P) — recorded for a future re-evaluation + +Beyond the gate question, these validate that the `p3-recursion` mechanism is robust for +the *non-threading* uses (aggregation, single-hop verification) that a redesigned +architecture or a future upstream might still rely on: +- **Multi-AIR coexistence** (`probe_l`): two heterogeneous AIRs verify in one circuit + with independently-bound public inputs (cross-wiring rejected). +- **Depth** (`probe_m`): a 50-layer chain holds the constant-shape fixed point + (witness_count 107 957) with **flat ~1.39 GB RSS** (no per-layer memory accumulation); + latency is linear at ~4.66 s/layer. +- **Concurrency** (`probe_n`): 4 simultaneous prove+verify workloads all succeed + (~1.38 GB peak) — the prover is usable under a service's concurrent load. +- **Soundness** (`probe_o`): the in-circuit verifier genuinely rejects mismatched FRI + data and tampered public inputs — so every negative assertion in this suite is a real + rejection, not a vacuous accept. +- **Serialization** (`probe_p`): a recursion proof bincode round-trips byte-stable + (~363 KB) and still verifies (node-persistence-ready). + +None of these change the NO-GO — they confirm the recursion *engine* is solid; what is +missing is only the cross-layer value channel. + +## Gate decision + +🛑 **NO-GO for the migration as specified.** Every §5 *binding primitive* is empirically +proven (PI threading binding, active-count masking, vk-equality connect-back, IVC fixed +point, fan-in composition) — but they all operate **within a layer or across the single +uni-stark hop**. The one thing the zkCoins recursion contract requires and this rev +cannot provide is a **per-instance value channel across a batch-recursion layer**: +- Option 1 (AIR public values) — dead (`probe_h`, `probe_g`, `probe_d_multilayer_carry`). +- Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) — the primitive works (`probe_j`) but cannot compose, + because layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest (adversarial review of all + escape routes: none binds a value across a batch layer without a fork or redesign). + +So `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain is **structurally unbuildable** +here. A backend *port* that preserves the recursion contract (`SPEC.md`, `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` +§1) cannot be completed on this rev. **Do not start Phases 4–5.** Phases 1–3 (field/hash/ +Merkle/single non-recursive state-transition) would still port, but they are not useful +without the recursion they feed. + +**Decision is the operator's** (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16 — protocol-touching). Options: +1. **Hold** — keep the spike + pinned probes; revisit when `Plonky3-recursion` exposes + cross-layer public inputs (the pinned probes auto-detect it). Recommended default. +2. **Protocol redesign** — re-architect to avoid cross-layer state threading. Out of + scope for a backend port; a separate design effort the operator must commission. +3. **Fork upstream** — explicitly excluded by §16. + +**Do not** fork/patch `p3-recursion`. No upstream issue is filed; `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, +`probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, and `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` are pinned (`= 0`) +to flip red the moment a rev restores cross-layer value propagation. + +## Risks (moot under NO-GO, recorded for a future re-evaluation if an escape route opens) + +These applied to the CONDITIONAL-GO reading and are kept for the day the cross-layer +blocker is lifted upstream (escape route 1). **Under the current NO-GO they do not gate +anything** — the migration does not start. + +1. **Warm-prove budget (would-be top risk if Option 2 ever composed).** A real-scale + recursion layer is ≈3.2 s (Probe I) and any commit+re-bind construction adds per-layer + hashing on top of the base prove (Plonky2 base already 4.35 s). If an upstream rev ever + reopens cross-layer threading, measure the real circuit + re-bind against the 5 s budget + FIRST; design knobs (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, folding) if it exceeds. +2. **Upstream is unaudited and pre-1.0**, edition 2024, git-only, actively iterating. + Pin a rev; treat any bump as a deliberate, re-tested change. +3. **Recursion topology is a redesign, not a port.** Phase 5 (recursion + aggregator): + the source-aggregator vk-binding and active-count masking must be re-derived in the + `p3-circuit` builder (Probes E/F prove the primitives), not copied from §7.21/§7.22. +4. **Padding cost in the aggregator** (Probe B): up to 8 real proofs even when few slots + are active; measure on the real source AIR early in Phase 5. +5. **Protocol-visibility guard.** None of this touches `SPEC.md` semantics (proof system + invisible on-chain). The migration changes the proof *format* (closed-env-only). Any + change to verification *semantics* → STOP and escalate per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. + +## Effort estimate (moot under NO-GO) + +`ROADMAP.md` estimated 2–4 weeks ("primarily plumbing"). Phases 1–3 (skeleton, field/ +hash, Merkle) are low-risk plumbing (~2 weeks). But **Phases 4–5 cannot be completed at +all** on this rev (no cross-layer state threading), so any full-port estimate is moot +until escape route 1 (upstream) or 2 (redesign) changes the picture. The spike itself — +which is what answered this — was the right ≤1-week investment to avoid weeks of doomed +porting. + +## Recommended field decision for Phase 9 + +**Stay Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 for the whole port (Phases 1–8); defer KoalaBear/BabyBear +to a separate Phase 9** — and only run Phase 9 if Phase 8's `probe_r2` bench misses the +warm-prove budget AND a usable Apple-Silicon (Metal) GPU path materializes. Goldilocks +memory/overhead is comfortable (≈1 GB, ≈4.65 s/layer floor); the small-field win is a +CUDA story our host can't use; `p3-recursion`'s KoalaBear path is the more-exercised one, +so a later swap is low-friction (one variable, per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §2). diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e289471 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Plonky3 recursion spike — single-layer cost (P0-T5) + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory. +**Date:** 2026-06-06. +**Toolchain:** nightly (rust-toolchain pin), `--profile dev` with `opt-level = 3`. +**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`, +`Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`. +**Field/hash:** Goldilocks, D=2, Poseidon2 width 8 / rate 4, 4-element digest. +**FRI params:** `log_blowup=2, max_log_arity=2, log_final_poly_len=1, query_pow_bits=8` +(spike defaults — untuned, chosen to keep prove time low while exercising the +real FRI/Merkle in-circuit verifier path). + +## Single recursion-layer cost (Probe A, trivial counter AIR) + +`prove_next_layer` over a `BatchOnly` predecessor proof: + +| Layer | Verifier-circuit `witness_count` | Prove time | +|------:|---------------------------------:|-----------:| +| 1 (verifies base counter circuit) | 25 567 | 1.17 s | +| 2 (verifies layer 1) | 104 630 | 4.65 s | +| 3 (verifies layer 2) | 107 957 | 4.66 s | +| 4 (verifies layer 3) | **107 957** (fixed point) | 4.67 s | + +**Per stabilized recursion layer: ≈ 4.65 s prove, witness_count 107 957.** + +## Peak memory + +Full 4-test spike suite (incl. parallel fan-in-4 aggregation): **peak RSS ≈ 1.04 GB**. +Upstream `recursive_fibonacci --field goldilocks --num-recursive-layers 5`: +peak RSS ≈ 0.51 GB. + +Both are ~50–60× under the 64 GB budget (`CONTRIBUTING.md` §hardware). + +## Reading these numbers + +- These are for a **trivial counter AIR** with **untuned FRI params**, so the + ~4.65 s is an *indicative recursion-layer overhead floor*, NOT a projection of + the real zkCoins state-transition prove time. The real circuit is far heavier; + recursion overhead is additive on top. +- The `≤ 5 s warm / ≤ 1 s ideal` budget applies to the full warm-prove of a real + transition, measured in Phase 8 via `probe_r2`. 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Phase 0 recursion-feasibility spike (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5). +# +# THROWAWAY crate: it exists only to prove that `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` +# can express the three composition patterns zkCoins depends on (IVC/cyclic +# with a base case, fan-in-8 with a variable active count, vk/PI binding), +# in Goldilocks, using trivial counter AIRs — NOT the real circuit. +# +# It is its own workspace (note the empty `[workspace]` table) and is +# `exclude`d from the root zkcoins workspace, so the heavy Plonky3 git +# dependencies are NEVER pulled into the main `node`/`shared` build or CI. +# +# Pins (record these in the PR body, never use a floating branch): +# Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b (HEAD 2026-06-06) +# Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 +# The Plonky3-main rev is dictated by what Plonky3-recursion was built +# against (its workspace pins exactly this rev); using any other rev would +# give two incompatible copies of the p3-* types and break unification. + +[package] +name = "plonky3-recursion-spike" +version = "0.0.0" +edition = "2024" +publish = false + +[workspace] +resolver = "2" + +[dependencies] +# Recursion crates (git-only, not on crates.io) @ Plonky3-recursion HEAD. +p3-recursion = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } +p3-circuit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } +p3-circuit-prover = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } +p3-poseidon2-circuit-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } + +# Plonky3 core crates @ the exact rev Plonky3-recursion is built against. +p3-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-batch-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-challenger = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-commit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-dft = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-field = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-fri = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-goldilocks = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-lookup = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-matrix = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-merkle-tree = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-symmetric = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-uni-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-util = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } + +rand = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false } +# Proof serialization round-trip (Probe P) — the node persists proof blobs. +bincode = "1.3" + +# Reuse the upstream Goldilocks param bundle (F, Perm, MyHash, MyMmcs, +# MyConfig, DIGEST_ELEMS, WIDTH, RATE, …) so the spike's config matches +# byte-for-byte what p3-recursion's own Goldilocks tests use. Used by the +# `goldilocks_rec` harness at lib level, so it is a normal dependency. +p3-test-utils = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } + +# opt-level 3 even in dev: the probes actually prove STARKs; unoptimized +# field arithmetic makes them unbearably slow. +[profile.dev] +opt-level = 3 diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9a3b337a --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ +//! Goldilocks recursion harness for the Phase 0 spike. +//! +//! This module reproduces — for Goldilocks (D=2, Poseidon2 width 8, rate 4) — the +//! minimal config + backend wiring that `Plonky3-recursion`'s own +//! `recursive_fibonacci` example uses, but stripped of the CLI/macro machinery so +//! the spike's probes (A/B/C) can call the high-level `build_and_prove_next_layer` +//! / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer` API directly. +//! +//! The one non-obvious requirement: `build_and_prove_next_layer`'s config must +//! implement `FriRecursionConfig` (not just `StarkGenericConfig`), because the +//! backend needs the FRI verifier params and the in-circuit Poseidon2/recompose +//! NPO setup. `ConfigWithFriParams` is that config; its `FriRecursionConfig` impl +//! is transcribed from the example's `define_field_module_types!` Goldilocks path. + +use std::sync::Arc; + +use p3_batch_stark::ProverData; +use p3_circuit::Circuit; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::CircuitRunner; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{ + GoldilocksD2Width8, Poseidon2Params, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace, +}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::BatchStarkProof; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep; +use p3_circuit_prover::{BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_commit::Pcs; +use p3_field::BasedVectorSpace; +use p3_fri::FriParameters; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{FriVerifierParams, InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::traits::{RecursiveAir, RecursivePcs}; +use p3_recursion::verifier::VerificationError; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchOnly, FriRecursionBackend, FriRecursionBackendForExt, FriRecursionConfig, Poseidon2Config, + ProveNextLayerParams, RecursionInput, RecursionOutput, build_and_prove_aggregation_layer, +}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + ChallengeMmcs, Challenger, Dft, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, MyPcs, + Poseidon2Goldilocks, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::{StarkGenericConfig, Val}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +pub use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F}; + +/// The opening-proof targets type for our Goldilocks FRI PCS, mirroring the +/// `InnerFriGeneric` alias in the recursion crate's own tests. +pub type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// Backend type for Goldilocks D=2, Poseidon2 width 8 / rate 4. +pub type GoldilocksBackend = FriRecursionBackendForExt<2, 8, 4, Poseidon2Config>; + +/// FRI parameter bundle (mirrors the example's `FriParams`). +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] +pub struct FriParams { + pub log_blowup: usize, + pub max_log_arity: usize, + pub cap_height: usize, + pub log_final_poly_len: usize, + pub commit_pow_bits: usize, + pub query_pow_bits: usize, +} + +/// Spike defaults: modest FRI params that keep prove times low while exercising +/// the real Merkle/FRI verifier path in-circuit. +pub fn default_fri_params() -> FriParams { + FriParams { + log_blowup: 2, + max_log_arity: 2, + cap_height: 0, + log_final_poly_len: 1, + commit_pow_bits: 0, + query_pow_bits: 8, + } +} + +/// Deterministic Goldilocks Poseidon2 permutation (seed 1), matching the +/// recursion crate's own Goldilocks tests so prover and verifier agree. +pub fn default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8() -> Poseidon2Goldilocks<8> { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + Poseidon2Goldilocks::<8>::new_from_rng_128(&mut rng) +} + +/// A Goldilocks STARK config that also carries FRI verifier params so it can be +/// used as the `FriRecursionConfig` for `build_and_prove_next_layer`. +#[derive(Clone)] +pub struct ConfigWithFriParams { + config: Arc, + fri_verifier_params: FriVerifierParams, + disable_recompose_npo: bool, +} + +impl core::ops::Deref for ConfigWithFriParams { + type Target = MyConfig; + fn deref(&self) -> &MyConfig { + &self.config + } +} + +impl StarkGenericConfig for ConfigWithFriParams { + type Challenge = Challenge; + type Challenger = Challenger; + type Pcs = MyPcs; + fn pcs(&self) -> &MyPcs { + self.config.pcs() + } + fn initialise_challenger(&self) -> Challenger { + self.config.initialise_challenger() + } +} + +impl FriRecursionConfig for ConfigWithFriParams +where + MyPcs: RecursivePcs< + ConfigWithFriParams, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + MerkleCapTargets, + >::Domain, + >, +{ + type Commitment = MerkleCapTargets; + type InputProof = + InputProofTargets>; + type OpeningProof = InnerFri; + type RawOpeningProof = >::Proof; + const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 4; + + fn with_fri_opening_proof<'a, A, R>( + prev: &RecursionInput<'a, Self, A>, + f: impl FnOnce(&Self::RawOpeningProof) -> R, + ) -> R + where + A: RecursiveAir, Self::Challenge, LogUpGadget>, + { + match prev { + RecursionInput::UniStark { proof, .. } => f(&proof.opening_proof), + RecursionInput::BatchStark { proof, .. } => f(&proof.proof.opening_proof), + } + } + + fn prepare_circuit_for_verification( + &self, + circuit: &mut CircuitBuilder, + ) -> Result<(), VerificationError> { + let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); + circuit.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + if self.disable_recompose_npo { + circuit.noop_enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + } else { + circuit.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + } + if ::D == 1 + && >::DIMENSION > 1 + { + circuit.set_recompose_coeff_ctl_for_decompose_links(true); + } + Ok(()) + } + + fn pcs_verifier_params( + &self, + ) -> &>, + InnerFri, + MerkleCapTargets, + >::Domain, + >>::VerifierParams { + &self.fri_verifier_params + } + + fn set_fri_private_data( + runner: &mut CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + opening_proof: &Self::RawOpeningProof, + ) -> Result<(), &'static str> { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + } +} + +fn create_config(fp: &FriParams, security_level: usize) -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, fp.cap_height); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let dft = Dft::default(); + + let num_queries = (security_level - fp.query_pow_bits) / fp.log_blowup; + + let fri_params = FriParameters { + max_log_arity: fp.max_log_arity, + log_blowup: fp.log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len: fp.log_final_poly_len, + num_queries, + commit_proof_of_work_bits: fp.commit_pow_bits, + query_proof_of_work_bits: fp.query_pow_bits, + mmcs: challenge_mmcs, + }; + let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); + let challenger = Challenger::new(perm); + MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger) +} + +/// FRI verifier params for the given FRI params — used by the lower-level batch +/// verifier path (Probe D's multi-layer carry experiment). +pub fn create_fri_verifier_params(fp: &FriParams) -> FriVerifierParams { + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + fp.log_blowup, + fp.log_final_poly_len, + fp.commit_pow_bits, + fp.query_pow_bits, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) +} + +/// Build the recursion config for the given FRI params at security level 100. +pub fn config_with_fri_params(fp: &FriParams) -> ConfigWithFriParams { + ConfigWithFriParams { + config: Arc::new(create_config(fp, 100)), + fri_verifier_params: create_fri_verifier_params(fp), + disable_recompose_npo: false, + } +} + +/// Config bundle for the low-level single-proof in-circuit verifier +/// (`verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit`), used by Probe C. Mirrors the recursion +/// crate's own `recursion/tests/goldilocks.rs::make_config`. +pub fn make_uni_verify_config() -> (MyConfig, Poseidon2Goldilocks<8>, FriVerifierParams) { + let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let dft = Dft::default(); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_testing(challenge_mmcs, 0); + let fri_verifier_params = FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + fri_params.log_blowup, + fri_params.log_final_poly_len, + fri_params.commit_proof_of_work_bits, + fri_params.query_proof_of_work_bits, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); + let challenger = Challenger::new(perm.clone()); + let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); + (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) +} + +/// The Goldilocks recursion backend. +pub fn goldilocks_backend() -> GoldilocksBackend { + FriRecursionBackend::<8, 4, _>::new(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8) + .for_extension_degree::<2>() +} + +/// Verify a recursion output's batch proof (reconstructs a prover with the same +/// table packing + registered tables, then `verify_all_tables`). +pub fn verify_recursion_output( + output: &RecursionOutput, + config: &ConfigWithFriParams, + table_packing: &TablePacking, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let mut prover = + BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing.clone()); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::<2>(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8); + prover.register_recompose_table::<2>(false); + prover + .verify_all_tables(&output.0) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify_all_tables failed: {e:?}")) +} + +/// Verify a bare batch proof (e.g. one round-tripped through (de)serialization). +pub fn verify_batch_proof( + proof: &BatchStarkProof, + config: &ConfigWithFriParams, + table_packing: &TablePacking, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let mut prover = + BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing.clone()); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::<2>(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8); + prover.register_recompose_table::<2>(false); + prover + .verify_all_tables(proof) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify_all_tables failed: {e:?}")) +} + +/// 2-to-1 aggregation: prove a single layer that verifies BOTH `left` and `right` +/// (each a batch proof). This is the fan-in primitive; an N-way fan-in is a tree +/// of these (depth ⌈log2 N⌉). +pub fn aggregate_two( + left: &RecursionOutput, + right: &RecursionOutput, + config: &ConfigWithFriParams, + backend: &GoldilocksBackend, + params: &ProveNextLayerParams, +) -> RecursionOutput { + let li = left.into_recursion_input::(); + let ri = right.into_recursion_input::(); + build_and_prove_aggregation_layer::( + &li, &ri, config, backend, params, None, + ) + .expect("2-to-1 aggregation") +} + +/// Run + batch-stark-prove + verify an arbitrary NPO-free `CircuitBuilder` circuit +/// (over the Goldilocks base field) with the given public inputs. Returns Err if +/// witness generation (constraint check) OR proving/verification fails — so a +/// caller can assert on real proving success/failure. Used by Probe E. +pub fn prove_and_verify_no_npo( + circuit: &Circuit, + public_inputs: &[F], + config: &ConfigWithFriParams, + fp: &FriParams, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let table_packing = + TablePacking::new(1, 1).with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup); + + let traces = { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner + .set_public_inputs(public_inputs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))? + }; + + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + circuit, + &table_packing, + &[], + &[], + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("airs and degrees: {e:?}"))?; + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let prover = BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .map_err(|e| format!("prove: {e:?}"))?; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +/// Prove a base "counter" circuit (`acc = 0; acc += 1` × `steps`, committed to a +/// public input equal to `steps`) with the batch-stark prover, and wrap it as a +/// `RecursionOutput` ready to be recursed over. This is the layer-0 of an IVC chain. +pub fn prove_base_counter( + steps: u64, + config: &ConfigWithFriParams, + fp: &FriParams, +) -> RecursionOutput { + use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; + use std::rc::Rc; + + let mut builder = CircuitBuilder::new(); + let expected = builder.alloc_public_input("expected"); + let mut acc = builder.alloc_const(F::ZERO, "c0"); + let one = builder.alloc_const(F::ONE, "one"); + for _ in 0..steps { + acc = builder.add(acc, one); + } + builder.connect(acc, expected); + let base_circuit = builder.build().expect("base circuit builds"); + + let table_packing_0 = + TablePacking::new(1, 1).with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup); + + let traces_0 = { + let mut runner = base_circuit.runner(); + runner + .set_public_inputs(&[F::from_u64(steps)]) + .expect("set base public inputs"); + runner.run().expect("run base circuit") + }; + + let (airs_degrees_0, primitive_columns_0, non_primitive_columns_0) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &base_circuit, + &table_packing_0, + &[], + &[], + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for base"); + let (airs_0, degrees_0): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees_0.into_iter().unzip(); + let ext_degrees_0: Vec = degrees_0.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data_0 = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(config, &airs_0, &ext_degrees_0); + let circuit_prover_data_0 = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data_0, primitive_columns_0, non_primitive_columns_0); + let prover_0 = BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing_0); + let proof_0 = prover_0 + .prove_all_tables(&traces_0, &circuit_prover_data_0) + .expect("prove base circuit"); + prover_0 + .verify_all_tables(&proof_0) + .expect("verify base proof"); + + RecursionOutput(proof_0, Rc::new(circuit_prover_data_0)) +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24466b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +//! Phase 0 recursion-feasibility spike for the Plonky2 -> Plonky3 migration. +//! +//! See `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §5. This crate is a throwaway probe: it proves +//! (or disproves) that `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` can express the three +//! composition patterns the zkCoins state-transition circuit depends on, +//! *in Goldilocks*, using trivial counter AIRs rather than the real circuit. +//! +//! Patterns under test: +//! * Probe A — IVC / cyclic recursion with a base case (`prove_next_layer` chain). +//! * Probe B — fan-in-8 aggregation with a variable active count. +//! * Probe C — verification-key / public-input binding across layers. +//! +//! The crate links against the pinned `p3-recursion` (and its `p3-circuit`, +//! `p3-circuit-prover`, `p3-poseidon2-circuit-air` siblings) so that "the spike +//! compiles against the pinned recursion lib" — the P0-T1 acceptance — is a +//! real, mechanically-checked fact, not an aspiration. The probe tests then +//! exercise the actual recursion APIs. + +// Goldilocks recursion harness (config + backend + base-prove helpers) used by +// the probe tests. Exercises p3-recursion / p3-circuit / p3-circuit-prover. +pub mod goldilocks_rec; + +// p3-poseidon2-circuit-air is only used directly by the KoalaBear fan-in probe; +// keep it force-linked so P0-T1's "compiles against the pinned recursion lib" +// covers the whole dependency set. +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air as _; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing, PrimeField64}; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; + +/// A minimal counter AIR over a single column `c`, enforcing `next = cur + 1`. +/// +/// Public values: `[start, last]`. +/// * first row: `c == start` +/// * each transition: `c' == c + 1` +/// * last row: `c == last` +/// +/// This is the trivial circuit the whole spike recurses over — small enough to +/// keep prove times low, structured enough that a recursion layer verifying it +/// has a real (non-degenerate) verifier circuit. +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)] +pub struct CounterAir; + +impl BaseAir for CounterAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 1 + } + + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl Air for CounterAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let start = pis[0]; + let last = pis[1]; + + let local = main.current_slice(); + let next = main.next_slice(); + let c = local[0]; + let c_next = next[0]; + + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(c, start); + builder + .when_transition() + .assert_eq(c_next, c + AB::Expr::ONE); + builder.when_last_row().assert_eq(c, last); + } +} + +/// Build the `n`-row counter trace starting at `start`: rows are +/// `start, start+1, …, start+n-1`. `n` must be a power of two. +pub fn generate_counter_trace(start: u64, n: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(n.is_power_of_two(), "trace height must be a power of two"); + let mut values = F::zero_vec(n); + for (i, v) in values.iter_mut().enumerate() { + *v = F::from_u64(start + i as u64); + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, 1) +} + +/// The public inputs a counter proof of `n` rows starting at `start` commits to. +pub fn counter_public_inputs(start: u64, n: usize) -> Vec { + vec![F::from_u64(start), F::from_u64(start + (n as u64 - 1))] +} + +/// A minimal AIR WITH a preprocessed column whose constant value `k` IS the +/// verification key (the preprocessed commitment is a function of `k`). Used by +/// Probe F: two instances with different `k` have different preprocessed +/// commitments (= different vks), so binding the inner vk = binding `k`. +/// +/// Layout: one main column `m`, one preprocessed column `p` (constant `k`). +/// Constraint: `m == p` on every row (so a valid main trace is all-`k`). +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +pub struct ConstPrepAir { + pub k: u64, + pub rows: usize, +} + +impl BaseAir for ConstPrepAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 1 + } + + fn preprocessed_width(&self) -> usize { + 1 + } + + fn preprocessed_trace(&self) -> Option> { + Some(RowMajorMatrix::new(vec![F::from_u64(self.k); self.rows], 1)) + } +} + +impl Air for ConstPrepAir +where + AB::F: Field, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let prep = builder.preprocessed(); + let m = main.current_slice()[0]; + let p = prep.current_slice()[0]; + builder.assert_eq(m, p); + } +} + +/// The (all-`k`, `rows`×1) main trace that satisfies `ConstPrepAir { k, rows }`. +pub fn generate_const_main_trace(k: u64, rows: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + RowMajorMatrix::new(vec![F::from_u64(k); rows], 1) +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod config { + //! Goldilocks STARK config, mirroring `Plonky3-recursion`'s own + //! `recursion/tests/goldilocks.rs::make_config` so the spike proves over + //! exactly the field/hash/FRI parameters the recursion lib expects. + + use p3_fri::FriParameters; + use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::*; + use rand::SeedableRng; + use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + + pub use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{F, MyConfig}; + + pub fn default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8() -> Perm { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + Poseidon2Goldilocks::<8>::new_from_rng_128(&mut rng) + } + + pub fn make_config() -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let dft = Dft::default(); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_testing(challenge_mmcs, 0); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); + let challenger = Challenger::new(perm.clone()); + MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger) + } +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod tests { + use super::config::{F, make_config}; + use super::*; + use p3_uni_stark::{prove, verify}; + + /// P0-T1: the trivial counter AIR proves and verifies via `p3-uni-stark` + /// over Goldilocks. This is the spike's foundation — every probe builds a + /// recursion layer on top of a proof produced exactly like this. + #[test] + fn base_air_round_trips() { + let config = make_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + + let n = 1 << 4; + let start = 7u64; + let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); + let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); + + let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); + verify(&config, &air, &proof, &pis).expect("counter proof must verify"); + } +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79a850fd --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +//! Probe A — IVC / cyclic recursion with a base case (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T2). +//! +//! Maps the zkCoins `prev_account` cyclic-recursion pattern onto `p3-recursion`'s +//! layered `prove_next_layer` chain: +//! * Layer 0 = base counter proof (NO predecessor — this is the base case). +//! * Layer k>0 = a verifier circuit that verifies layer k-1's proof, itself proved. +//! +//! PASS (per the doc): +//! 1. the layer-N proof verifies, and +//! 2. the per-layer verifier-circuit shape reaches a CONSTANT fixed point (true +//! IVC, no unbounded growth) — the `p3-recursion` analogue of Plonky2's +//! `common_data_for_recursion` fixed point. + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +#[test] +fn probe_a_ivc() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + + // Layer 0: the base case is simply a real proof with no predecessor — the + // counter circuit proved with batch-stark. p3-recursion needs no special + // "_or_dummy" base primitive: the chain just starts from a real proof. + let mut output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + + // Recompose NPO lanes (1) must match the backend's default; mirror the + // upstream example's layer table-packing. + let layer_table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1); + + const NUM_LAYERS: usize = 4; + let mut witness_counts: Vec = Vec::new(); + + for layer in 1..=NUM_LAYERS { + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: layer_table_packing.clone(), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); + + let (vc, vr) = build_next_layer_circuit::( + &input, &config, &backend, + ) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("build layer {layer} circuit: {e:?}")); + witness_counts.push(vc.witness_count); + + let t = std::time::Instant::now(); + let out = prove_next_layer::( + &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, + ) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove layer {layer}: {e:?}")); + let prove_ms = t.elapsed().as_millis(); + + verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("verify layer {layer}: {e}")); + + // P0-T5 diagnostics: per-layer verifier-circuit witness count + prove time. + eprintln!( + "probe_a layer {layer}: witness_count={} prove_ms={prove_ms}", + vc.witness_count + ); + + output = out; + } + eprintln!("probe_a witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}"); + + // PASS criterion 2: shape stabilises (constant per-layer shape => true IVC). + // A genuine *reached* fixed point requires BOTH that the shape grew at some + // point (so it is not trivially constant from layer 1) AND that the tail is + // constant — otherwise "equal last two" could be satisfied by a degenerate + // never-growing chain. Recorded: [25567, 104630, 107957, 107957]. + let n = witness_counts.len(); + assert!( + witness_counts[0] != witness_counts[n - 1], + "expected the verifier-circuit shape to grow before stabilising (genuine \ + fixed point, not constant-from-start); witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}" + ); + assert_eq!( + witness_counts[n - 1], + witness_counts[n - 2], + "IVC verifier-circuit shape must reach a constant fixed point (no unbounded \ + growth); per-layer witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}" + ); + + // NOTE (P0-T2 criterion 2, "counter PI provably threaded from base"): the + // high-level chain via `into_recursion_input::()` carries EMPTY + // table_public_inputs, so this probe proves the IVC *structure* (each layer + // cryptographically verifies its predecessor) and constant shape, but does + // NOT thread a constrained counter PI across layers. The primitive that makes + // threading possible — binding an inner proof's public inputs as constrained + // outer targets — is proven separately in `probe_c_vk_binding`. Explicit + // cross-layer PI propagation (the zkCoins ProofData/prev_account value carry) + // is Phase-5 construction, not claimed as demonstrated here. +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5c12ab2b --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +//! Probe B — fan-in aggregation with variable active count (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T3). +//! +//! The doc flags this as the most likely blocker: `p3-recursion`'s aggregation is +//! strictly 2-to-1, with NO native "conditionally verify proof or dummy" primitive. +//! This probe answers the load-bearing questions: +//! * Does 2-to-1 aggregation of two same-AIR batch proofs verify, with per-leaf +//! proofs surfacing? (the fan-in primitive) +//! * Does it COMPOSE into a fixed-shape tree (depth-2 here = fan-in-4; the zkCoins +//! MAX_IN_COINS=8 case is one more level, depth-3)? +//! +//! SCOPE — what this probe does and does NOT prove. It proves the load-bearing +//! capability: 2-to-1 aggregation of same-AIR batch proofs works and composes into +//! a FIXED-SHAPE tree (fan-in-4 here; fan-in-8 is one more level). It does NOT +//! exercise variable active count: all four leaves are real, identical proofs, no +//! per-leaf PI is surfaced, and no active bit is masked. The variable-active-count +//! strategy — pad inactive slots with real proofs and mask them via an active bit +//! in the CONSUMER circuit (the §7.17 `select_hash` pattern, whose binding +//! primitive is proven in `probe_c_vk_binding`) — is Phase-5 construction and is +//! NOT demonstrated by this spike. It is carried as a Phase-5 risk in the memo. + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::ProveNextLayerParams; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + aggregate_two, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +#[test] +fn probe_b_fanin() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + + // 4 real leaves, identical shape so the two level-1 aggregates have identical + // shape at level 2. (No leaf is "inactive" here — variable active count is out + // of scope for this probe; see the module doc.) + let o_a = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let o_b = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let o_c = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let o_d = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + + // Level 1: two 2-to-1 aggregations. + let agg_ab = aggregate_two(&o_a, &o_b, &config, &backend, ¶ms); + let agg_cd = aggregate_two(&o_c, &o_d, &config, &backend, ¶ms); + + // Level 2: aggregate the two aggregates into a single fan-in-4 root proof. + let agg_root = aggregate_two(&agg_ab, &agg_cd, &config, &backend, ¶ms); + + // PASS: the fan-in-4 root proof verifies. + verify_recursion_output(&agg_root, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) + .expect("fan-in-4 aggregation root must verify"); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..00b814d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +//! Probe C — vk / public-input binding across layers (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T4). +//! +//! zkCoins' outer state-transition circuit binds an inner proof's claimed +//! verifier key / public inputs (the aggregator's source-vk, the propagated +//! ProofData PIs). The load-bearing question: in `p3-recursion`, is an inner +//! proof's commitment + public inputs reachable as CONSTRAINED circuit targets, +//! so a proof that doesn't match the expected (vk, PIs) is REJECTED by the outer? +//! +//! This probe uses the low-level in-circuit verifier `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` +//! over the CounterAir and asserts: +//! * POSITIVE: a correct (proof, public_inputs) pair runs the verifier circuit +//! to completion (accepted). +//! * NEGATIVE: the SAME verifier circuit fed mismatched public inputs (claiming +//! a different committed value than the proof actually proves) FAILS — i.e. +//! the inner proof's public inputs are genuinely bound, not free. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; +use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; +use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::prove; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; + +#[test] +fn probe_c_vk_binding() { + let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + + // Inner proof: counter of 16 rows starting at 7. Its committed public inputs + // are [7, 22]. + let n = 1 << 4; + let start = 7u64; + let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); + let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); + let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); + + // Build ONE in-circuit verifier for this proof shape. + let mut circuit_builder = CircuitBuilder::new(); + circuit_builder.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + circuit_builder.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let verifier_inputs = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::< + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InnerFri, + >::allocate(&mut circuit_builder, &proof, None, pis.len()); + + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + CounterAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air, + &mut circuit_builder, + &verifier_inputs.proof_targets, + &verifier_inputs.air_public_targets, + &None, + &fri_verifier_params, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .expect("build uni-stark verifier circuit"); + + let circuit = circuit_builder.build().expect("verifier circuit builds"); + + // POSITIVE: correct public inputs -> verifier circuit runs to completion. + { + let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = verifier_inputs.pack_values(&pis, &proof, &None); + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&public_inputs).expect("set pub"); + runner + .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) + .expect("set priv"); + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut runner, + &mmcs_op_ids, + &proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .expect("set mmcs private data"); + runner + .run() + .expect("correct proof + correct public inputs must verify in-circuit"); + } + + // NEGATIVE: claim a DIFFERENT public input ([99, 22] instead of [7, 22]). The + // inner proof's public inputs are bound by the verifier circuit, so the run + // must fail (the claimed PI cannot be substituted for free). + { + let wrong_pis = vec![F::from_u64(99), pis[1]]; + let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = + verifier_inputs.pack_values(&wrong_pis, &proof, &None); + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&public_inputs).expect("set pub"); + runner + .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) + .expect("set priv"); + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut runner, + &mmcs_op_ids, + &proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .expect("set mmcs private data"); + let result = runner.run(); + assert!( + result.is_err(), + "mismatched inner public inputs must be REJECTED by the verifier circuit \ + (vk/PI binding); instead the run succeeded" + ); + } +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3c170323 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +//! Probe D (part 2) — does a public input CARRY across a batch-recursion layer? +//! +//! Probe D part 1 proved the threading-binding primitive at a uni-stark +//! verification boundary. The remaining gate-critical question for a real +//! multi-layer IVC chain: when an outer layer verifies an inner BATCH proof, are +//! the inner circuit's public inputs exposed as constrained `air_public_targets` +//! (so the value can be threaded onward), or are they zeroed? +//! +//! This matters because Plonky2 cyclic recursion threads public inputs natively +//! (that is how zkCoins' ProofData / prev_account propagates). We verify a base +//! counter circuit (which has a public input = its step count) via the lower-level +//! `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit` and inspect `air_public_targets`. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::TableProver; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_recursion::Poseidon2Config; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::verifier::verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyHash, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, InnerFri, config_with_fri_params, create_fri_verifier_params, + default_fri_params, prove_base_counter, +}; + +const TRACE_D: usize = 1; + +#[test] +fn probe_d_multilayer_carry() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + + // Base layer: a counter circuit with ONE public input = step count (8). + let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let common = output.1.common_data(); + + // Build an outer circuit that verifies the base BATCH proof. + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let fri_params = create_fri_verifier_params(&fp); + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + // The base counter circuit has no Poseidon2/recompose NPO tables, so no NPO + // provers are needed to verify it. + let provers: Vec>> = vec![]; + + let (verifier_inputs, _op_ids) = verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit::< + ConfigWithFriParams, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + LogUpGadget, + Poseidon2Config, + WIDTH, + RATE, + TRACE_D, + >( + &config, + &mut cb, + &output.0, + &fri_params, + common, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + &provers, + ) + .expect("build batch verifier circuit"); + + let counts: Vec = verifier_inputs + .air_public_targets + .iter() + .map(|t| t.len()) + .collect(); + let total: usize = counts.iter().sum(); + eprintln!("probe_d_carry: per-table air_public_targets counts = {counts:?}, total = {total}"); + + // EMPIRICAL FINDING (pinned): when an outer layer verifies an inner BATCH proof + // of a `CircuitBuilder` circuit, the inner circuit's public inputs are NOT + // surfaced as constrainable `air_public_targets` — every per-table count is 0. + // + // Consequence: the high-level batch-recursion chain (Probe A's shape, via + // `into_recursion_input` which also zeroes `table_public_inputs`) does NOT + // propagate a public input across layers. This DIFFERS from Plonky2 cyclic + // recursion, which threads public inputs natively (how zkCoins' ProofData / + // prev_account propagates today). The threading *binding* primitive works at a + // uni-stark verification boundary (see `probe_d_pi_threading`), but composing it + // across the full IVC chain needs a construction that re-exposes the threaded + // value at each layer. This is escalated to the operator as a gate-relevant, + // protocol-touching characteristic — NOT silently treated as solved. + assert_eq!( + total, 0, + "observed inner public inputs are NOT exposed across a batch layer; if this \ + becomes non-zero upstream, the multi-layer threading story changes — revisit" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6a9636ae --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +//! Probe D — cross-layer public-input threading (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T2 crit. 2). +//! +//! The IVC chain must carry a value forward across layers (the zkCoins +//! `prev_account` / ProofData propagation): layer N's outer circuit reads the +//! inner proof's public input and re-exposes a constrained function of it for the +//! next layer. The high-level `into_recursion_input::()` zeroes the +//! threaded public inputs; this probe takes the lower-level path where the inner +//! proof's public inputs ARE exposed (`air_public_targets`) and threads them. +//! +//! Construction: an outer verifier circuit over an inner counter proof (PI +//! `[start, last]`) exposes `air_public_targets`, then THREADS a value to the next +//! layer with the IVC relation `next_start = last + 1`, bound to a circuit-exposed +//! `next_start` public input. Cases: +//! * POSITIVE: `next_start = last + 1` accepted. +//! * NEGATIVE: a wrong `next_start` (≠ last+1) is rejected — the inner PI is +//! genuinely threaded/bound, not free. +//! * CONTROL: with the threading connect removed, the wrong `next_start` is +//! accepted — proving the rejection is purely the threading bind. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; +use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; +use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::{Proof, prove}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; + +/// Build an outer verifier circuit over `proof` (committing to `pis = [start, +/// last]`). If `thread`, additionally bind a `next_start` public input to +/// `last + 1` (the IVC thread). Set `next_start` to `claimed_next` and run. +fn thread_and_run( + thread: bool, + pis: &[F], + proof: &Proof, + claimed_next: u64, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, proof, None, pis.len(), + ); + + let op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + CounterAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air, + &mut cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &None, + &fri_verifier_params, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; + + // The value handed to the next layer (allocated AFTER the verifier's own + // public inputs, so it is the last public input). + let next_start = cb.alloc_public_input("next_start"); + if thread { + // IVC thread: next_start == inner.last + 1. `air_public_targets[1]` is the + // inner proof's `last`, bound to the proof by the verifier above. + let one = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::ONE, "one"); + let expected_next = cb.add(vi.air_public_targets[1], one); + cb.connect(next_start, expected_next); + } + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("circuit build: {e:?}"))?; + + let (mut pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(pis, proof, &None); + pubs.push(Challenge::from_u64(claimed_next)); // next_start value, appended last + let mut r = circuit.runner(); + r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + r.set_private_inputs(&privs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut r, + &op_ids, + &proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("set mmcs: {e}"))?; + r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_d_pi_threading() { + let (config, _perm, _fri) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + + // Inner counter proof: start=5, 8 rows => PI = [5, 12]. The threaded next + // layer start is therefore last + 1 = 13. + let n = 1 << 3; + let start = 5u64; + let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); + let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); + let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); + let correct_next = start + (n as u64 - 1) + 1; // 13 + + // POSITIVE: correctly threaded next value accepted. + thread_and_run(true, &pis, &proof, correct_next) + .expect("correctly threaded next-layer value must be accepted"); + + // NEGATIVE: a wrong threaded value is rejected (the inner PI is bound). + assert!( + thread_and_run(true, &pis, &proof, 999).is_err(), + "a wrong threaded next-layer value must be REJECTED (PI is threaded/bound)" + ); + + // CONTROL: without the threading connect, the wrong value is accepted — + // proving the NEGATIVE rejection is purely the threading bind. + thread_and_run(false, &pis, &proof, 999) + .expect("without the threading connect, any next value is accepted"); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..38c2a323 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +//! Probe E — variable-active-count masking (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T3; +//! MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.15/§7.17). +//! +//! zkCoins processes 0..MAX_IN_COINS=8 input slots in a FIXED-shape circuit: each +//! slot carries an `active` bit, and inactive slots are made vacuously satisfied by +//! masking. The load-bearing pattern (§7.17) is +//! `connect(computed, select(active, expected, computed))` +//! which, for active=0, reduces to `connect(computed, computed)` (any witness +//! accepted — the slot is masked off), and for active=1 enforces +//! `computed == expected` (the honest per-slot check fires). +//! +//! This probe builds the full 8-slot masked consumer circuit over the Goldilocks +//! base field, proves it for real with batch-stark, and asserts: +//! * POSITIVE: active slots carry correct values, inactive slots carry GARBAGE — +//! accepted (garbage is masked away). Real STARK proof produced + verified. +//! * NEGATIVE A: an active slot with a wrong value is rejected. +//! * NEGATIVE B (active-bit flip): flipping a garbage slot from inactive→active +//! changes the verdict to REJECT (the garbage is no longer masked). +//! * CONTROL: flipping it back to inactive re-masks the garbage → accepted. + +use p3_circuit::{Circuit, CircuitBuilder}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::F; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, prove_and_verify_no_npo, +}; + +const SLOTS: usize = 8; + +/// The value slot `i` must carry when it is active. +fn expected_value(i: usize) -> u64 { + 100 + i as u64 +} + +/// Build the fixed-shape 8-slot masked consumer circuit. Public inputs, in order: +/// `[claimed_0, active_0, claimed_1, active_1, …]`. +fn build_masking_circuit() -> Circuit { + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + for i in 0..SLOTS { + let claimed = cb.alloc_public_input("claimed"); + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = cb.alloc_const(F::from_u64(expected_value(i)), "expected"); + // §7.17: active=0 -> connect(claimed, claimed) (garbage allowed); + // active=1 -> connect(claimed, expected) (honest check fires). + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, claimed); + cb.connect(claimed, masked); + } + cb.build().expect("masking circuit builds") +} + +fn slots_to_pubs(slots: &[(u64, u64)]) -> Vec { + let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(slots.len() * 2); + for &(claimed, active) in slots { + v.push(F::from_u64(claimed)); + v.push(F::from_u64(active)); + } + v +} + +#[test] +fn probe_e_active_masking() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let circuit = build_masking_circuit(); + + // POSITIVE: slots 0,1,2 active+correct; slots 3..8 inactive with GARBAGE (777). + let positive: Vec<(u64, u64)> = (0..SLOTS) + .map(|i| { + if i < 3 { + (expected_value(i), 1) + } else { + (777, 0) + } + }) + .collect(); + prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&positive), &config, &fp) + .expect("active-correct + inactive-garbage must verify (garbage masked away)"); + + // NEGATIVE A: an active slot carries a wrong value. + let mut neg_a = positive.clone(); + neg_a[0] = (999, 1); + assert!( + prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&neg_a), &config, &fp).is_err(), + "an active slot with a wrong value must be REJECTED" + ); + + // NEGATIVE B (active-bit flip): an inactive garbage slot is flipped to active. + let mut neg_b = positive.clone(); + neg_b[3] = (777, 1); // 777 != expected(3) = 103 + assert!( + prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&neg_b), &config, &fp).is_err(), + "flipping an active bit on a garbage slot must change the verdict to REJECT" + ); + + // CONTROL: flip that bit back to inactive — the garbage is re-masked, accepted. + let mut control = neg_b.clone(); + control[3] = (777, 0); + prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&control), &config, &fp) + .expect("flipping the active bit back to inactive re-masks the garbage -> accepted"); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d2ff303 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +//! Probe F — vk-equality connect-back (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T4 literal text). +//! +//! zkCoins' outer state-transition `connect_hashes`-binds the aggregator's claimed +//! source-vk to its own cyclic vk. The load-bearing question: in `p3-recursion`, +//! can the outer circuit BIND an inner proof's verification key to an EXPECTED +//! value, and REJECT a deliberately wrong-vk inner proof? +//! +//! A uni-stark's "vk" with preprocessed columns IS the preprocessed commitment. +//! `ConstPrepAir { k }` has a preprocessed column constant `k`, so two instances +//! (k=42 vs k=99) have different preprocessed commitments = different vks but the +//! SAME shape. The verifier circuit `connect`s the inner preprocessed commitment +//! targets to an expected value (the Plonky2 `connect_hashes` analogue). Cases: +//! * POSITIVE: proof_42 bound to vk_42 — internal verify OK and vk connect OK. +//! * NEGATIVE: proof_99 bound to vk_42 — proof_99 is INTERNALLY VALID against +//! vk_99 (STARK verify passes); only the connect to vk_42 rejects it. +//! * CONTROL: proof_99 with NO binding — accepted. This proves the NEGATIVE's +//! rejection is PURELY the vk binding, not a shape/verify artifact. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; +use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; +use p3_recursion::traits::Recursive; +use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::{ + PreprocessedVerifierKey, Proof, prove_with_preprocessed, setup_preprocessed, + verify_with_preprocessed, +}; +use p3_util::log2_strict_usize; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::{ConstPrepAir, generate_const_main_trace}; + +const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; + +/// Verify `proof` against `vk` inside a fresh verifier circuit. If `bind_vk` is +/// `Some(expected)`, additionally `connect` the inner preprocessed commitment to +/// `expected` (the vk-equality binding). Returns Err if the circuit run fails. +fn verify_in_circuit( + bind_vk: Option<&[Challenge]>, + vk: &PreprocessedVerifierKey, + proof: &Proof, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); + // The eval AIR is k-independent (constraint is `m == p`), so any ConstPrepAir + // of the right shape works for symbolic constraints. + let air = ConstPrepAir { k: 42, rows: ROWS }; + + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, + proof, + Some(&vk.commitment), + 0, + ); + + let op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + ConstPrepAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air, + &mut cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &vi.preprocessed_commit, + &fri_verifier_params, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; + + if let Some(expected) = bind_vk { + let commit = vi + .preprocessed_commit + .as_ref() + .expect("ConstPrepAir has a preprocessed commitment"); + let mut idx = 0; + for entry in &commit.cap_targets { + for &t in entry.iter() { + let c = cb.alloc_const(expected[idx], "expected vk element"); + cb.connect(t, c); + idx += 1; + } + } + assert_eq!(idx, expected.len(), "connected every vk commitment element"); + } + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("circuit build: {e:?}"))?; + let (pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(&[], proof, &Some(vk.commitment.clone())); + let mut r = circuit.runner(); + r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + r.set_private_inputs(&privs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut r, + &op_ids, + &proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("set mmcs: {e}"))?; + r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_f_vk_binding() { + let (config, _perm, _fri) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let log_h = log2_strict_usize(ROWS); + + // Two AIRs, same shape, different preprocessed constant => different vks. + let air_a = ConstPrepAir { k: 42, rows: ROWS }; + let air_b = ConstPrepAir { k: 99, rows: ROWS }; + + let (prep_a, vk_a) = setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_a, log_h).expect("air_a preprocessed"); + let (prep_b, vk_b) = setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, log_h).expect("air_b preprocessed"); + + let proof_a = prove_with_preprocessed( + &config, + &air_a, + generate_const_main_trace::(42, ROWS), + &[], + Some(&prep_a), + ); + let proof_b = prove_with_preprocessed( + &config, + &air_b, + generate_const_main_trace::(99, ROWS), + &[], + Some(&prep_b), + ); + + // Sanity: each proof verifies against its OWN vk, and the two vks differ. + assert!(verify_with_preprocessed(&config, &air_a, &proof_a, &[], Some(&vk_a)).is_ok()); + assert!(verify_with_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, &proof_b, &[], Some(&vk_b)).is_ok()); + + let vk_a_vals = + as Recursive>::get_values(&vk_a.commitment); + let vk_b_vals = + as Recursive>::get_values(&vk_b.commitment); + assert_ne!( + vk_a_vals, vk_b_vals, + "different preprocessed constant must yield different vk commitments" + ); + + // POSITIVE: correct vk (proof_42 bound to vk_42) is accepted. + verify_in_circuit(Some(&vk_a_vals), &vk_a, &proof_a) + .expect("correct-vk inner proof must be accepted by the vk-equality connect"); + + // NEGATIVE: wrong vk (proof_99 bound to vk_42) is rejected. + assert!( + verify_in_circuit(Some(&vk_a_vals), &vk_b, &proof_b).is_err(), + "deliberately wrong-vk inner proof must be REJECTED by the vk-equality connect-back" + ); + + // CONTROL: proof_99 with NO binding is accepted — proves the NEGATIVE rejection + // is purely the vk binding, not an internal-verify or shape artifact. + verify_in_circuit(None, &vk_b, &proof_b) + .expect("unbound proof_99 must verify in-circuit (it is internally valid)"); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e7cdf3e --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +//! Probe G — per-leaf PI passthrough from a REAL aggregation (the integrated +//! fan-in-8 prerequisite). +//! +//! P0-T3's full form needs the per-leaf ProofData of the source-aggregator to +//! surface in the OUTER state-transition circuit, where inactive slots are masked +//! (§7.17, proved standalone in `probe_e_active_masking`). The load-bearing question: +//! can the per-leaf public inputs of a REAL 2-to-1 aggregation be read by the outer +//! circuit that verifies the aggregation proof? +//! +//! An aggregation output is itself a batch proof of a CircuitBuilder verifier +//! circuit. Per Probes D/H, such proofs expose NO public inputs as `air_public_targets`. +//! This probe confirms it for the aggregation case directly: aggregate two leaves with +//! DISTINCT committed values (8 and 5), verify the aggregation proof in an outer +//! circuit, and assert the leaf values are NOT recoverable (`air_public_targets` +//! total == 0). +//! +//! RESULT (pinned): the per-leaf PIs do NOT pass through. Building the full +//! integrated fan-in-8 is therefore blocked at the first cross-layer hop — the same +//! Phase-5 limitation as Probe H. Escalated; the masking (Probe E) must consume the +//! per-leaf values via the Option-2 (commit + re-bind) construction, not via +//! aggregation public inputs. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::TableProver; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::verifier::verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit; +use p3_recursion::{PcsRecursionBackend, Poseidon2Config, ProveNextLayerParams}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyHash, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, InnerFri, aggregate_two, config_with_fri_params, + create_fri_verifier_params, default_fri_params, default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8, + goldilocks_backend, prove_base_counter, +}; + +// The aggregation output is a recursion layer proved over the degree-2 extension, +// so its `proof.ext_degree` is 2 (vs 1 for a base proof). +const TRACE_D: usize = 2; + +#[test] +fn probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + + // Two leaves with DISTINCT committed values, aggregated for real (2-to-1). + let o_a = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let o_b = prove_base_counter(5, &config, &fp); + let agg = aggregate_two(&o_a, &o_b, &config, &backend, ¶ms); + let common = agg.1.common_data(); + + // Verify the aggregation proof in an outer circuit and inspect air_public_targets. + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let fri_params = create_fri_verifier_params(&fp); + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + // The aggregation output has Poseidon2 + recompose NPO tables; get their provers + // from the backend. + let provers: Vec>> = PcsRecursionBackend::< + ConfigWithFriParams, + p3_recursion::BatchOnly, + 2, + >::non_primitive_provers( + &backend, 2 + ); + + let (verifier_inputs, _op_ids) = verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit::< + ConfigWithFriParams, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + LogUpGadget, + Poseidon2Config, + WIDTH, + RATE, + TRACE_D, + >( + &config, + &mut cb, + &agg.0, + &fri_params, + common, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + &provers, + ) + .expect("build aggregation-output verifier circuit"); + + let total: usize = verifier_inputs + .air_public_targets + .iter() + .map(|t| t.len()) + .sum(); + eprintln!("probe_g: aggregation-output air_public_targets total = {total}"); + + // The per-leaf committed values (8, 5) are NOT exposed to the outer circuit. + assert_eq!( + total, 0, + "per-leaf PIs from a real aggregation are NOT surfaced as air_public_targets; \ + the integrated fan-in-8 passthrough is blocked (Phase-5 Option-2 territory). \ + If this becomes non-zero on a new rev, the integrated passthrough may be viable." + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5aea9bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +//! Probe H — Option 1 (carry the threaded value as an AIR public value) feasibility. +//! +//! The Phase-1-authorize decision (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §6) offers Option 1 (AIR +//! public values, "fast") vs Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind, "sound") for threading +//! `prev_account`/ProofData across the IVC chain. This probe determines empirically +//! whether Option 1 is achievable at all. +//! +//! A recursion layer is a `p3-circuit` CircuitBuilder verifier circuit proved with +//! batch-stark. To thread a value via Option 1 it would have to surface as a +//! constrainable `air_public_target` in the NEXT layer. Two avenues: +//! * Avenue 1 (CircuitBuilder public input): already shown dead by +//! `probe_d_multilayer_carry` — `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` (CircuitBuilder +//! public inputs live in the committed Public table, not as AIR public values). +//! * Avenue 2 (inject via `RecursionInput::BatchStark.table_public_inputs`): tested +//! here. `into_recursion_input` zeroes this; we instead pass a NON-empty value +//! claiming the counter, and check whether the layer can be built/proved. +//! +//! RESULT (pinned): Avenue 2 also fails — you cannot inject public inputs the proof +//! does not structurally have. Combined with `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, **Option 1 +//! is not feasible on this rev**; Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) is the only path. +//! This is escalated as a hard Phase-5 architecture finding. + +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, RecursionInput, build_and_prove_next_layer}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::F; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, +}; + +#[test] +fn probe_h_option1_air_public_values() { + use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; + + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + + // Layer 0: base counter proof committing to step count = 8 (a CircuitBuilder + // public input). We want to thread "8" forward as an AIR public value. + let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let num_tables = output.0.proof.opened_values.instances.len(); + + // Sanity: the honest (empty) input that the high-level chain uses builds fine. + let honest = output.into_recursion_input::(); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams::default(); + build_and_prove_next_layer::( + &honest, &config, &backend, ¶ms, + ) + .expect("the honest empty-PI layer must build+prove"); + + // Avenue 2: try to INJECT a non-empty public input claiming the counter value, + // so the next layer could read it as an air_public_target. Put "8" on table 0. + let mut injected: Vec> = vec![vec![]; num_tables]; + injected[0] = vec![F::from_u64(8)]; + let tampered: RecursionInput<'_, ConfigWithFriParams, BatchOnly> = RecursionInput::BatchStark { + proof: &output.0, + common_data: &output.0.stark_common, + table_public_inputs: injected, + }; + + let result = build_and_prove_next_layer::( + &tampered, &config, &backend, ¶ms, + ); + + // Option 1 verdict: you cannot inject a public input the batch proof does not + // structurally carry — the layer build/prove must reject the mismatched count. + assert!( + result.is_err(), + "Option 1 expectation: injecting a non-existent public input must fail \ + (the value cannot be surfaced as an AIR public value). If this ever SUCCEEDS, \ + Option 1 may have become viable on a new rev — revisit the Phase-1 decision." + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..673acce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +//! Probe I — real-circuit-sized cost projection. +//! +//! The toy bench (`probe_a_ivc`) measured the recursion-layer cost over a TRIVIAL +//! inner proof (~8 gates): ≈4.65 s/stabilized layer, ≈1 GB. The real zkCoins +//! state-transition circuit is far larger: ≈2^16 rows / ≈50k gates / ≈4500 Poseidon +//! hashes, with a measured Plonky2 warm-prove of 4.35 s p50 / 3.9 GB RSS on M5 Max +//! (`scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json`; `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` +//! §7.17). The warm-prove budget is ≤5 s warm / ≤1 s ideal / <64 GB. +//! +//! This probe scales the recursion-layer measurement up to a real-sized inner proof +//! (a ≈2^16-gate base circuit) and reports the per-layer prove time + circuit size, +//! so the Phase-5 recursion overhead can be projected against the budget. Run under +//! `/usr/bin/time -l` to capture peak RSS. +//! +//! Honest caveat: the synthetic base is an ARITHMETIC (counter-add) circuit of the +//! target gate count. The real circuit's constraints are Poseidon-heavy (heavier per +//! row), so these numbers are an indicative recursion-overhead FLOOR for that size, +//! not a full replica of the real prove cost (which is already measured at 4.35 s). + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +/// Measure: base-proof prove time, first recursion-layer witness_count + prove time, +/// for a base circuit of `gates` arithmetic gates. +fn measure(gates: u64) { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + + let t0 = std::time::Instant::now(); + let output = prove_base_counter(gates, &config, &fp); + let base_ms = t0.elapsed().as_millis(); + + let layer_table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: layer_table_packing, + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + + let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); + let (vc, vr) = + build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) + .expect("build layer"); + let wc = vc.witness_count; + + let t1 = std::time::Instant::now(); + let out = prove_next_layer::( + &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, + ) + .expect("prove layer"); + let layer_ms = t1.elapsed().as_millis(); + + verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing).expect("verify layer"); + + eprintln!( + "probe_i: base_gates={gates} base_prove_ms={base_ms} layer1_witness_count={wc} layer1_prove_ms={layer_ms}" + ); +} + +#[test] +fn probe_i_cost_projection() { + // Toy (matches probe_a scale) and real-sized (~2^16 gates ≈ the real state + // transition) to show how the recursion-layer cost scales with inner-proof size. + measure(1 << 4); + measure(1 << 12); + measure(1 << 16); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..55e65d58 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +//! Probe J — Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) end-to-end feasibility. +//! +//! Option 2 was the *only* remaining cross-layer-threading construction after Option +//! 1 was killed (Probes G/H). It needs two things: (a) a per-layer commit+rebind +//! PRIMITIVE — compute `hash(V)` in-circuit and bind a witnessed `V` to a committed +//! digest; and (b) a way for layer N+1 to READ layer N's committed digest so it can +//! rebind. This probe tests both. +//! +//! PART 1 (this test): the in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind primitive is real and +//! binding — `connect(hash(V1), hash(V2))` holds iff `V1 == V2`. Real Poseidon2 +//! permutation executed in `runner.run()`; positive (same preimage) accepted, +//! negative (different preimage) rejected. So Option 2's per-layer building block +//! works. +//! +//! PART 2 (the wall, established empirically by `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, +//! `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`): a batch +//! proof exposes NO per-instance value/digest as a constrainable target +//! (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`; only whole-trace Merkle-root commitments are +//! exposed, from which a single committed digest cannot be extracted/bound). So +//! layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest, and the primitive **cannot +//! compose across the batch-recursion chain**. +//! +//! CONCLUSION: Option 2's per-layer commit primitive is expressible, but multi-layer +//! Option-2 threading is NOT achievable on this rev — confirming the cross-layer +//! state IVC (zkCoins `prev_account` carry) is structurally unbuildable here. This is +//! the migration's NO-GO pivot, escalated to the operator. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{ + GoldilocksD2Width8, Poseidon2Config, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace, +}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{Challenge, F}; + +/// Build a circuit that hashes two witnessed preimages with the in-circuit Poseidon2 +/// gadget and `connect`s the two digests element-wise, then run it with `(v1, v2)`. +/// Returns Err if the run fails (i.e. the digests differ). +fn hash_bind(v1: u64, v2: u64) -> Result<(), String> { + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let a = cb.alloc_public_input("v1"); + let b = cb.alloc_public_input("v2"); + + let cfg = Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8; + let h1 = cb + .add_hash_slice(&cfg, &[a], true) + .map_err(|e| format!("hash1: {e:?}"))?; + let h2 = cb + .add_hash_slice(&cfg, &[b], true) + .map_err(|e| format!("hash2: {e:?}"))?; + + // Bind the two digests element-wise: holds iff hash(v1) == hash(v2). + assert_eq!(h1.len(), h2.len()); + for (x, y) in h1.iter().zip(h2.iter()) { + cb.connect(*x, *y); + } + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + let mut r = circuit.runner(); + r.set_public_inputs(&[Challenge::from_u64(v1), Challenge::from_u64(v2)]) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_j_option2_rebind() { + // PART 1 — the per-layer commit+rebind PRIMITIVE works (real in-circuit Poseidon2): + // POSITIVE: identical preimage => identical digest => the hash-bind holds. + hash_bind(42, 42).expect("hash(V) must bind to hash(V) (commit+rebind primitive)"); + + // NEGATIVE: a wrong forwarded value => different digest => the hash-bind rejects. + assert!( + hash_bind(42, 99).is_err(), + "a mismatched preimage (wrong forwarded value) must be REJECTED by the hash bind" + ); + assert!( + hash_bind(0, 1).is_err(), + "even adjacent values must produce distinct digests rejected by the bind" + ); + + // PART 2 — the wall: this primitive needs layer N+1 to READ layer N's committed + // digest to rebind it. That is structurally impossible across a batch layer: + // `probe_d_multilayer_carry` (air_public_targets = [0,0,0]), + // `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` (injecting a public input is rejected), and + // `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` (aggregation exposes 0 per-leaf values) all show + // no per-instance value/digest is exposed across a batch-recursion layer — only + // whole-trace Merkle-root commitments, from which a single committed digest cannot + // be extracted or bound. So the commit+rebind cannot chain past the first + // (uni-stark) hop. Multi-layer Option-2 threading is NOT achievable on this rev. +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..033b04c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +//! Probe L — multi-AIR coexistence in one verifier circuit. +//! +//! The real port verifies heterogeneous inner proofs in one outer circuit (the +//! state-transition proof AND the source-aggregator proof). This probe validates +//! that two DIFFERENT AIRs can be verified in a single `p3-circuit` verifier circuit +//! with their public inputs kept cleanly distinct and individually bound. +//! +//! AIR A = `CounterAir` (state-transition-like: public inputs `[start, last]`). +//! AIR B = `ConstPrepAir` (aggregator-like: a preprocessed/“vk”-bearing AIR). +//! Both are verified uni-stark in one circuit. POSITIVE: both correct → run OK, and +//! A's `air_public_targets` are bound to A's committed values (not B's). NEGATIVE: +//! feeding A's verifier B's public inputs (cross-wiring) is rejected. + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; +use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; +use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::{prove, prove_with_preprocessed, setup_preprocessed}; +use p3_util::log2_strict_usize; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::{ + ConstPrepAir, CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_const_main_trace, + generate_counter_trace, +}; + +/// Build a circuit verifying BOTH inner proofs. `wrong_a_pis` cross-wires A's verifier +/// with B's public input value (the soundness negative). +fn verify_both(cross_wire_a: bool) -> Result<(), String> { + let (config, perm, fri_vp) = make_uni_verify_config(); + const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; + + // AIR A: counter, PI [5, 12]. + let air_a = CounterAir; + let pis_a = counter_public_inputs::(5, ROWS); + let proof_a = prove( + &config, + &air_a, + generate_counter_trace::(5, ROWS), + &pis_a, + ); + + // AIR B: ConstPrepAir k=77, preprocessed vk. + let air_b = ConstPrepAir { k: 77, rows: ROWS }; + let (prep_b, vk_b) = + setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, log2_strict_usize(ROWS)).expect("prep B"); + let proof_b = prove_with_preprocessed( + &config, + &air_b, + generate_const_main_trace::(77, ROWS), + &[], + Some(&prep_b), + ); + + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + // Verifier inputs for A and B (separate target sets — kept distinct). + let vi_a = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, &proof_a, None, pis_a.len(), + ); + let vi_b = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, &proof_b, Some(&vk_b.commitment), 0, + ); + + let op_a = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + CounterAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air_a, + &mut cb, + &vi_a.proof_targets, + &vi_a.air_public_targets, + &None, + &fri_vp, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify A: {e:?}"))?; + + let op_b = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + ConstPrepAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air_b, + &mut cb, + &vi_b.proof_targets, + &vi_b.air_public_targets, + &vi_b.preprocessed_commit, + &fri_vp, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify B: {e:?}"))?; + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + let mut r = circuit.runner(); + + // Pack A with EITHER its own pis (correct) or a cross-wired wrong value. + let a_pis_used = if cross_wire_a { + vec![F::from_u64(77), pis_a[1]] // claim A.start == B's k (wrong) + } else { + pis_a.clone() + }; + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = vi_a.pack_values(&a_pis_used, &proof_a, &None); + let (pb, prb) = vi_b.pack_values(&[], &proof_b, &Some(vk_b.commitment.clone())); + pubs.extend(pb); + privs.extend(prb); + + r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + r.set_private_inputs(&privs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut r, + &op_a, + &proof_a.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs A: {e}"))?; + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut r, + &op_b, + &proof_b.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs B: {e}"))?; + r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_l_multi_air() { + // POSITIVE: two different AIRs verify together, PIs kept distinct + bound. + verify_both(false).expect("two heterogeneous AIRs must co-verify in one circuit"); + // NEGATIVE: cross-wiring A's public input to B's value is rejected — the two + // AIRs' public inputs are independently bound, not conflated. + assert!( + verify_both(true).is_err(), + "cross-wiring AIR A's public input must be rejected (PIs are per-AIR bound)" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8b8001c --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +//! Probe M — long IVC chains (depth 50). +//! +//! `probe_a_ivc` validated the fixed point over 4 layers. This probe drives a 50-layer +//! recursion chain to confirm the constant-shape fixed-point assumption HOLDS AT DEPTH +//! (the verifier-circuit `witness_count` stays constant once stabilised, with no slow +//! drift), every layer verifies, and to measure cumulative prove latency. Run under +//! `/usr/bin/time -l` for peak RSS. Slow by design. + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +#[test] +fn probe_m_long_chain() { + const DEPTH: usize = 50; + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + + let mut output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let mut witness_counts: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(DEPTH); + let t0 = std::time::Instant::now(); + + for layer in 1..=DEPTH { + let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); + let (vc, vr) = build_next_layer_circuit::( + &input, &config, &backend, + ) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("build layer {layer}: {e:?}")); + witness_counts.push(vc.witness_count); + let out = prove_next_layer::( + &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, + ) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove layer {layer}: {e:?}")); + // EVERY layer must verify. + verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("verify layer {layer}: {e}")); + output = out; + } + + let total_s = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64(); + let last = *witness_counts.last().unwrap(); + let stable_from = witness_counts + .iter() + .position(|&w| w == last) + .expect("a fixed point exists"); + + // The fixed point must be reached early and then hold CONSTANT all the way to + // depth 50 — no unbounded growth, no slow drift. + assert!( + stable_from <= 5, + "fixed point should stabilise within ~5 layers; counts = {witness_counts:?}" + ); + assert!( + witness_counts[stable_from..].iter().all(|&w| w == last), + "the IVC fixed point must hold constant to depth {DEPTH}; counts = {witness_counts:?}" + ); + + eprintln!( + "probe_m: depth={DEPTH} stabilised_at_layer={} fixed_witness_count={last} \ + total_prove_s={total_s:.1} per_layer_avg_s={:.2}", + stable_from + 1, + total_s / DEPTH as f64 + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..78055d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +//! Probe N — concurrent proving load. +//! +//! A real service proves many requests at once. This probe spawns 4 independent +//! proving workloads on separate threads — each proves a base circuit AND a recursion +//! layer, then verifies — and asserts every one succeeds. Validates the prover is +//! usable under concurrency (no shared-state corruption, no panics). Run under +//! `/usr/bin/time -l` to capture peak RSS across all 4 concurrent provers. + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +/// One independent proving workload: base proof of `gates` + one recursion layer + verify. +fn workload(gates: u64) -> Result { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + + let output = prove_base_counter(gates, &config, &fp); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); + let (vc, vr) = + build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) + .map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + let wc = vc.witness_count; + let out = prove_next_layer::( + &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("prove: {e:?}"))?; + verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) + .map_err(|e| format!("verify: {e}"))?; + Ok(wc) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_n_concurrent() { + let sizes = [1u64 << 8, 1 << 9, 1 << 10, 1 << 11]; + let handles: Vec<_> = sizes + .into_iter() + .map(|g| std::thread::spawn(move || workload(g))) + .collect(); + + let mut ok = 0; + for h in handles { + let res = h.join().expect("worker thread must not panic"); + res.expect("each concurrent proving workload must verify"); + ok += 1; + } + assert_eq!(ok, 4, "all 4 concurrent provers must succeed"); + eprintln!("probe_n: 4 concurrent prove+recurse+verify workloads all succeeded"); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e83739b --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +//! Probe O — soundness spot-check of the recursion-verifier API. +//! +//! All the other probes rely on `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` + `set_fri_mmcs_private_data` +//! genuinely REJECTING bad inputs (not vacuously accepting). This probe attacks the +//! verifier itself with mismatched cryptographic data and asserts the in-circuit +//! verification fails — confirming the FRI/Merkle check is real, so the negative +//! assertions in Probes C/D/F/L/J are trustworthy. +//! +//! Negatives: +//! * wrong FRI private data — feed proof B's `opening_proof` (Merkle paths) into a +//! verifier circuit built for proof A → the in-circuit Merkle verification fails. +//! * tampered public input — claim a different committed value → rejected (re-confirms +//! `probe_c` against this exact harness). + +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; +use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; +use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; +use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ + Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::{Proof, prove}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; + +const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; + +/// Build a verifier for `proof_a` (committing `pis_a`), then run it with the supplied +/// public-input claim, and the FRI private data taken from `mmcs_proof` (which may be a +/// DIFFERENT proof of the same shape — the soundness attack). +fn run_with( + proof_a: &Proof, + pis_a: &[F], + claim: &[F], + mmcs_proof: &Proof, +) -> Result<(), String> { + let (config, perm, fri_vp) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, proof_a, None, pis_a.len(), + ); + let op = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< + CounterAir, + MyConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InputProofTargets>, + InnerFri, + _, + WIDTH, + RATE, + >( + &config, + &air, + &mut cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &None, + &fri_vp, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + // pack with proof_a but the supplied public-input claim. + let (pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(claim, proof_a, &None); + let mut r = circuit.runner(); + r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + r.set_private_inputs(&privs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + &mut r, + &op, + &mmcs_proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs: {e}"))?; + r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_o_soundness() { + let (config, _p, _f) = make_uni_verify_config(); + let air = CounterAir; + let pis_a = counter_public_inputs::(5, ROWS); // [5, 12] + let proof_a = prove(&config, &air, generate_counter_trace::(5, ROWS), &pis_a); + let pis_b = counter_public_inputs::(9, ROWS); // [9, 16], same shape, different proof + let proof_b = prove(&config, &air, generate_counter_trace::(9, ROWS), &pis_b); + + // BASELINE positive: correct proof + correct claim + own mmcs data → accepted. + run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &pis_a, &proof_a).expect("correct proof must verify (baseline)"); + + // SOUNDNESS NEGATIVE 1: wrong FRI private data (proof B's Merkle paths) into proof + // A's verifier → the in-circuit Merkle/FRI verification must fail. + assert!( + run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &pis_a, &proof_b).is_err(), + "mismatched FRI private data must be REJECTED (verification is not vacuous)" + ); + + // SOUNDNESS NEGATIVE 2: tampered public-input claim → rejected. + let wrong_claim = vec![F::from_u64(999), pis_a[1]]; + assert!( + run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &wrong_claim, &proof_a).is_err(), + "a tampered public-input claim must be REJECTED" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c93cd82 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +//! Probe P — proof serialization round-trip (node-integration property). +//! +//! The node persists proof blobs (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` Phase 6 P6-T3). This probe — +//! not one of the original six, added because it's a real checkable property they don't +//! cover — confirms a recursion proof survives a bincode serialize → deserialize round +//! trip byte-for-byte AND still verifies, and that a truncated blob is rejected. + +use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::BatchStarkProof; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; +use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; +use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ + ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, + prove_base_counter, verify_batch_proof, verify_recursion_output, +}; + +#[test] +fn probe_p_serialization() { + let fp = default_fri_params(); + let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); + let backend = goldilocks_backend(); + let params = ProveNextLayerParams { + table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) + .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) + .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), + constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, + }; + + // A representative recursion proof. + let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); + let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); + let (vc, vr) = + build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) + .expect("build layer"); + let out = prove_next_layer::( + &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, + ) + .expect("prove layer"); + verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing).expect("baseline verify"); + + // Serialize → deserialize → re-serialize: byte-stable round trip. + let bytes = bincode::serialize(&out.0).expect("serialize proof"); + assert!(!bytes.is_empty(), "serialized proof must be non-empty"); + let proof2: BatchStarkProof = + bincode::deserialize(&bytes).expect("deserialize proof"); + let bytes2 = bincode::serialize(&proof2).expect("re-serialize"); + assert_eq!( + bytes, bytes2, + "serialization round-trip must be byte-stable" + ); + + // The deserialized proof still verifies. + verify_batch_proof(&proof2, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) + .expect("deserialized proof must still verify"); + + // NEGATIVE: a truncated blob must not deserialize into a usable proof. + let truncated = &bytes[..bytes.len() / 2]; + assert!( + bincode::deserialize::>(truncated).is_err(), + "a truncated proof blob must be rejected on deserialization" + ); + + eprintln!( + "probe_p: recursion proof serialized to {} bytes; round-trips byte-stable + verifies", + bytes.len() + ); +} From 1f135b44bc40f645251a3887cea4abfce5c7a738 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 00:21:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 15/19] =?UTF-8?q?feat(plonky3):=20carrier-table=20IVC=20(P?= =?UTF-8?q?ath=201+5)=20+=20full=20migration=20audit=20+=20recursion-reduc?= =?UTF-8?q?tion=20=E2=80=94=20GO,=20/api/send=20recovers=20w/o=20UX=20regr?= =?UTF-8?q?ession,=20port=20HOLD=20(#214)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * feat(plonky3): Probe Q — a custom AIR's public value DOES cross a batch layer (overturns NO-GO) Replicates upstream test_batch_verifier_with_public_values (PR #407, in our pinned rev) in our crate: a custom PublicValueAir (num_public_values=1) proved with prove_batch and verified in-circuit via verify_batch_circuit surfaces its public value as a non-empty air_public_target (NOT [0,0,0]) and binds it soundly across the batch layer — correct value accepted, wrong value rejected. This overturns the scoped NO-GO: the [0,0,0] finding (probes D/G/H) held only for the PRIMITIVE tables and CircuitBuilder public inputs (which route to the committed Public table). A public-value-emitting AIR provides exactly the per-instance cross-layer value channel the IVC needs. The full IVC chaining via a custom carrier table is a public-API construction (~400-650 LOC), not an impossibility. * docs(plonky3): solution-space research — NO-GO overturned, 9 paths assessed Probe Q empirically overturns the scoped NO-GO: a custom AIR's public value DOES cross a batch-recursion layer (PR #407, in our pinned rev). Enumerate + assess all 9 solution paths with links/repo-pointers: (1+5) Plonky3 + custom public-value-emitting tables — viable, channel proven, IVC chaining is a public-API construction; (3) folding/Sonobe — native IVC, strong alternative; (2) self-authored upstream PR; (4) hybrid; (6) protocol redesign via off-circuit continuity (trusted node, §7.22 posture); (7) zkVMs; (8) fork (excluded §16); (9) Stwo/Triton/Halo2-accumulation. Recommend Path 1+5 behind a carrier-table IVC-chain spike (Probe R), with Sonobe benchmarked in parallel. * docs(plonky3): address review — add ProtoStar/Boojum/Lasso, gate-memo forward-pointer - Solutions doc: add ProtoStar/ProtoGalaxy + SuperNova (folding sub-schemes), Lasso (a component, not an IVC framework), and Boojum (Goldilocks STARK, EraVM-specific) — the three systems the brief named that were missing. - MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md: add a top-of-file PARTIALLY-SUPERSEDED banner and correct escape-route #1 (the cross-layer capability was present all along via PR #407, not a missing upstream feature) — so a reader landing on the gate memo is pointed to the overturning result. - probe_q: simplify the self-referential air_public_targets shape assertion. * feat(plonky3): Probe R — carrier-table IVC chain threads a counter across 4 layers (GO) A real depth-4 IVC chain: each layer is a prove_batch proof of a custom CarrierAir with two public values [v_in, v_out] (AIR enforces v_out == v_in + 1, both bound to committed trace cells); each IVC link verifies both adjacent carrier proofs in-circuit via verify_batch_circuit (their public values surface as non-empty air_public_targets, not [0,0,0]) and connects prev.v_out == cur.v_in. The counter is provably carried layer-0 -> layer-3 (V_3 == V_0 + 3). Negatives: a wrong forwarded value is rejected (WitnessConflict on the thread bind; a control with the bind removed accepts it, isolating the cause); a carrier claiming an uncommitted public value is rejected (OodEvaluationMismatch). Does NOT use build_and_prove_next_layer, so upstream #436 is not hit. Public API only, no fork. This is the end-to-end empirical confirmation of Path 1+5: the cross-layer state IVC the original NO-GO deemed impossible is buildable via custom public-value-emitting tables. * docs(plonky3): gate memo banner — GO via Path 1+5 (carrier tables), Probe R confirms end-to-end * test(plonky3): Probe R-cost — carrier chain per-transition cost at 2^16 inner scale (within budget) * docs(plonky3): record Probe R-cost in gate memo — carrier chain within warm budget, add probe_q/r/r_cost rows * docs(plonky3): review polish — gate probe_r_cost verdict on STARK-prove class (not witness-gen floor), tag superseded Gate-decision heading * test(spike): add Probe S fair BabyBear vs Plonky2 prover bench * docs(spike): review polish — honest S-box degree-3-vs-7 magnitude (~1.5-2.5x, verdict robust), bump test count 20->21 + Probe S table row * test(spike): add Probe V degree-7 S-box bench on working HidingFriPcs recipe * test(spike): add Probe W real HidingFriPcs vs blowup-2 zk-proxy delta * docs(plonky3): add cutover playbook (Doc 1) + upstream maintenance plan (Doc 4) * docs(plonky3): correct Probe S optimism with Probe V/W — degree-7 1.67x + true-hiding 3x (~5x combined), production config slower at 2^16, net verdict pending Probe T * test(spike): add Probe T real-circuit Plonky3 prove-cost estimate Cost-faithful representative workload for the real zkCoins state-transition circuit under TRUE production crypto (degree-7 Poseidon2 + Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs, num_random_codewords=4). Models the real cost drivers (~4500 Poseidon2 hashes + ~50k non-hash gates) as a two-table batch, NOT the business logic. Sweeps the non-hash table height over 2^13..2^16 to bracket the unknown real layout. Finding: real multi-table prove_batch (p3-batch-stark) WORKS with HidingFriPcs + mixed degree-7/degree-3 instances; verify_batch succeeds. At the realistic layout (~2^13-2^14) Plonky3+BabyBear proves in ~312-449 ms warm p50 vs Plonky2 4350 ms = ~10-14x faster, ~2-3x lower RSS, near-zero circuit build (0.07 ms vs 8.2 s). Faster across the entire sweep including the 2^16 ceiling. * docs(plonky3): add wire/storage format migration (Doc 2) + carrier-table crypto-audit spec (Doc 3) * docs(plonky3): integrate Probe T — real circuit 10-14x faster under production crypto; V/W 2^16 was hash-saturation; full-prove verdict pending X+U * test(spike): add Probes X (aggregator recursion overhead), Y (cold-start), Z (verifier), AA (sustained-load soak) * docs(plonky3): Probe U e2e projection + integrate X/Y/Z/AA net verdict — send is wash/slower (recursion-dominated), mint ~2x, cold-start 38.7x, no leak * docs(plonky3): full migration audit summary — honest mixed verdict, decisive X-prime lever, operator decisions * docs(plonky3): redact internal host names from cutover playbook — role language only (review blocker) * test(spike): Probe X' batched-aggregator lever — same-vk verifier amortization Measure whether batching the 8 same-vk source proofs cuts the flat 8+1 aggregator cost Probe X reported (4.0s non-zk / 6.7s zk). Two framings, real STARK-prove via prove_all_tables: X'-a proves the 8 sources as one multi-instance BatchProof verified in-circuit once (lower bound: 0.98s non-zk / 1.66s zk, 4.1x reduction); X'-b proves 8 independent same-vk proofs as in the real protocol (3.97s non-zk / 6.69s zk, ~1.0x = flat). The recursion API verifies one BatchProof per verify_batch_circuit, so independent same-vk proofs cannot share the verifier — the batched floor is unreachable for /api/send. Realistic full send recomposes to 9.9s non-zk / 12.6s zk, a wash-or-loss vs Plonky2. Batching does not rescue the send case; MAX_IN_COINS reduction is the lever. * docs(plonky3): resolve batching lever via Probe X-prime — not reachable in-protocol, send case rests on MAX_IN_COINS; test count 29 * docs(plonky3): update Fair-Performance lead to the resolved mixed verdict (T/X/X-prime/U) * test(spike): Probe AB recursion-friendly levers — cheaper-inner-FRI 2.4x (64-bit), Poseidon2-MMCS already baseline, ZK-only-outer ~0 * test(spike): Probe AC MAX_IN_COINS sweep — aggregation ~linear in fan-in (~448ms/coin); N=4+cheaper-FRI cuts prove ~4x; e2e capped by node overhead * test(spike): Probe AD KoalaBear-vs-BabyBear field comparison — split verdict; KoalaBear transition ~1.26x faster (degree-3 leaf S-box) but dominant 8+1 aggregation ~2.1x SLOWER (20 vs 13 partial rounds in recursion verifier); recommend STAY on BabyBear * test(spike): probe AE — composed best-config full send-prove measurement * docs(plonky3): recursion-reduction research (AB-AE) — send speed case recoverable: MAX_IN_COINS=4 alone 1.9x, +64-bit inner FRI 3.32x; KoalaBear ruled out; 33 tests * docs(plonky3): apply resolutions — keep MAX_IN_COINS=8 (no UX regression), 64-bit inner FRI as port-phase auditor gate, port HOLD; recommended N=8+q48 = 2.25x send-prove --- MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md | 219 +++ MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md | 165 ++- .../PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md | 415 ++++++ docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md | 570 ++++++++ docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md | 364 +++++ .../PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md | 122 ++ .../migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md | 340 +++++ ...-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 157 +++ ...robe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 83 ++ ...3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 67 + ...onky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 140 ++ spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock | 58 + spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml | 16 + .../tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs | 612 +++++++++ .../tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs | 1176 +++++++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs | 928 +++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs | 1089 +++++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs | 1058 +++++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs | 196 +++ .../tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs | 326 +++++ .../tests/probe_r_cost.rs | 362 +++++ .../tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs | 441 +++++++ .../tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs | 688 ++++++++++ .../tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs | 493 +++++++ .../tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs | 374 ++++++ .../tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs | 849 ++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs | 938 +++++++++++++ .../tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs | 466 +++++++ .../tests/probe_z_verifier.rs | 435 ++++++ 29 files changed, 13141 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) create mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md create mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md create mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md create mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md create mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md create mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md create mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md create mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md create mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md create mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs create mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d7eb3f04 --- /dev/null +++ b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +# Plonky3 Migration — Solution-Space Research (post-NO-GO) + +**Status:** 🟢 **The NO-GO is OVERTURNED.** The Phase-0 gate recorded NO-GO ("no +per-instance value channel across a batch-recursion layer"). That finding was **scoped +too narrowly** — it only tested the primitive tables (Const/Public/Alu) and +`CircuitBuilder` public inputs. **`probe_q_custom_public_value` empirically proves the +channel exists:** a custom AIR with `num_public_values() = 1` proved with `prove_batch` +and verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit` surfaces its public value as a +non-empty `air_public_target` (NOT `[0,0,0]`) and binds it soundly across the batch layer +(correct value accepted, wrong value rejected). This rides on upstream **PR #407 "feat: +support public values"** (merged 2026-03-19, **already in our pinned rev `524665d`**). + +**There are now two viable paths**, plus a fallback ladder. This document enumerates and +assesses all nine, with links, repo pointers, and the empirical evidence. +**Date:** 2026-06-06. **Companion to:** `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (the gate), +`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (the plan). + +--- + +## TL;DR — ranked + +| # | Path | Verdict | Effort | Risk | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| **1+5** | **Plonky3 + custom public-value-emitting tables** (stay on the chosen stack) | ✅ **viable — channel proven (Probe Q)** | medium (~400–650 LOC carrier table + IVC glue) | recursion lib unaudited; chaining + cost still to validate | +| **3** | **Folding / Sonobe (Nova/CycleFold)** — native IVC | ✅ **viable — `z_i→z_{i+1}` is the native primitive** | medium-high (port circuit to arkworks `FCircuit`) | experimental/unaudited; ≤5 s latency unproven | +| 2 | Upstream PR (self-authored) for an ergonomic "mark circuit PI as public output" API | ✅ plausible additive PR atop #407 | low-medium + review cycle | upstream cadence; needs-rfc | +| 7 | RISC Zero / OpenVM (zkVM, committed cross-segment state) | ✅ shipped but heavyweight | high (rewrite to guest) | prover wants GPU; ≤5 s on CPU optimistic | +| 4 | Hybrid: keep Plonky2 recursion, Plonky3 elsewhere | ⚠️ low-value | low | doesn't solve the migration goal | +| 6 | Protocol redesign (off-circuit continuity via trusted node) | ⚠️ possible, reduces soundness scope | medium | weakens the trust model; protocol-owner call | +| 8 | Fork + maintain Plonky3-recursion | ⚠️ excluded by §16; surfaced for completeness | medium + rebase burden | maintenance tax | +| 9 | Creative (Stwo/Cairo, Triton-VM, Halo2-accumulation) | ⚠️ paradigm rewrites | high | latency/maturity unproven | + +**Recommendation:** pursue **Path 1+5** (it keeps the chosen Plonky3 stack and the channel +is empirically proven) behind a small **carrier-table IVC-chain spike** (the immediate next +probe), while **benchmarking Path 3 (Sonobe)** in parallel as the architecturally-cleanest +IVC fallback. Plonky2 stays in production until one clears a latency gate. + +--- + +## The pivot: what Probe Q changes + +The gate's NO-GO rested on `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` when verifying an inner batch +proof. The narrow scope: that is the behavior of the **three primitive tables** and of +**`CircuitBuilder` public inputs** (which route to the committed *Public* table, never to +AIR public values). It is **not** the behavior of a **non-primitive / raw AIR that +declares `num_public_values() > 0`**: + +- Upstream `recursion/src/verifier/batch_stark.rs` builds `air_public_counts` from + `entry.public_values.len()` per non-primitive table, and `BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate` + allocates exactly that many circuit public inputs as `air_public_targets` + (`recursion/src/public_inputs.rs`). The recursive AIR's `public_values()[i]` resolves + straight to that target (`circuit/src/symbolic/targets.rs`). +- Soundness is framework-enforced: native `verify_batch` checks + `public_values.len() == num_public_values()`, and both the native and recursive + constraint folders bind the public value into the AIR constraints. Upstream's own + `test_batch_verifier_wrong_public_values` is a `#[should_panic(WitnessConflict)]`. +- **`probe_q_custom_public_value` reproduces this in our crate** (BabyBear, the exact + upstream pattern): `air_public_targets[0].len() == 1`, correct value verifies, wrong + value (999 vs the committed 42) is rejected. + +So the per-instance, cross-layer, **soundly-bound** value channel the IVC needs **exists +today on our pinned rev**. What remains is *construction*: emit the threaded +`prev_account`/ProofData digest as such a public value at each layer and read it at the +next — exactly the IVC contract Plonky2 cyclic recursion gives natively. + +--- + +## Path 1 + 5 — Plonky3 with custom public-value-emitting tables (RECOMMENDED) + +**Status: viable; the channel is empirically proven; the IVC chaining is a public-API +construction (no fork).** + +The construction (traced concretely through the public API — every type on the path is +`pub`/unsealed): +1. The state-transition circuit's threaded output (the `prev_account`/ProofData digest) is + emitted as an **AIR public value** — either a raw AIR (`probe_q` pattern) or a custom + non-primitive "carrier" table inside the p3-circuit verifier, registered via + `PcsRecursionBackend::non_primitive_provers`. Required public traits: `TableProver`, + `BatchAir` (4 builder impls), `NpoPreprocessor`/`NpoAirBuilder`, `PcsRecursionBackend`/ + `FriRecursionConfig`. `BatchTableInstance.public_values` and + `NonPrimitiveTableEntry.public_values` are public fields. +2. The next layer's `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit` reads those as `air_public_targets` + and `connect`s them to thread `V_{N+1} = f(V_N)` (the masking from `probe_e` and the + vk-binding from `probe_f` plug in here). +3. The uni-stark variant is the **lowest-risk start** — `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` + already exposes inner public inputs (proven end-to-end in `probe_d_pi_threading`). + +**Effort:** ~400–650 LOC for the carrier table + per-pattern IVC glue (Subagent code-trace +estimate). **Open items to validate before committing:** (a) chaining the carrier across +≥2 batch recursion layers (the next probe — Probe R); (b) the real warm-prove cost with +the carrier overhead (Probe I gave ≈3.2 s/bare-layer; the carrier adds a small table); +(c) upstream issue [#436](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/issues/436) +("Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2", closed without MRE) — validate our +chain does not hit it. **Risk:** the recursion lib is unaudited/pre-1.0 (pin a rev). + +Pointers: PR [#407](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/pull/407); upstream tests +`recursion/tests/preprocessing.rs::test_batch_verifier_with_public_values`; our +`probe_q_custom_public_value`, `probe_d_pi_threading`. + +## Path 2 — self-authored upstream PR (ergonomic API atop #407) + +A small additive feature: a `CircuitBuilder` API to mark a target as a public *output* +that the prover collects into the instance's `public_values`. The hard 80% (sound +cross-layer value binding) already merged in #407; this is a convenience bridge. Nobody has +proposed it. Plausible self-authored PR (with a `needs-rfc` cycle; maintainers Robin Salen +/ Thomas Coratger, active repo). **Not on the critical path** — Path 1+5 already works +without it; pursue only if the carrier-table ergonomics prove painful. + +## Path 3 — Folding / Sonobe (Nova/CycleFold) — the native IVC (STRONG ALTERNATIVE) + +Sonobe's `FCircuit` trait **is** the account-transition contract: +`generate_step_constraints(cs, i, z_i, external_inputs) -> z_{i+1}` — state threading and +"verify the previous proof" are folded into the IVC construction itself; you delete the +hand-built recursion plumbing. Pure Rust (arkworks), CPU-friendly (curve-based, no GPU, no +Goldilocks-FFT memory wall), Poseidon in-circuit, Schnorr stays off-circuit via +`external_inputs`. **Risks:** experimental/unaudited (audit in progress, Nova/CycleFold +only); SuperNova non-uniform IVC (distinct mint/send/commit transitions) not yet wired +([#144](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/issues/144)); **≤5 s +warm-prove for a 2^16 step is unverified** — a per-step latency spike is the hard gate. +Pointers: [sonobe](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe), +[FCircuit](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/blob/main/folding-schemes/src/frontend/mod.rs), +[docs](https://sonobe.pse.dev/). This is the cleanest architectural fit and the only option +where IVC state-threading is the *native* primitive rather than re-derived. + +**Folding sub-schemes (all inside Sonobe, same `FCircuit` state-threading contract):** +- **Nova / CycleFold** — most mature; the audit-in-progress targets these. Recommended entry point. +- **ProtoStar / ProtoGalaxy** ([eprint 2023/1106](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1106.pdf)) — + cheaper multi-instance folding (log field-ops + constant hashes recursive overhead); in + Sonobe but **less mature and NOT covered by the audit**. A perf upgrade to evaluate only + after Nova clears the latency gate; do not start here. +- **SuperNova** — non-uniform IVC (a distinct circuit per step → ideal if mint/send/commit + are separate transition relations) — **not yet wired in Sonobe** ([#144](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/issues/144)); a gap to track if zkCoins needs per-op circuits. +- **Lasso** (a16z lookup argument) is a *component* (it powers Jolt, Path 7), not an IVC + framework — it does not by itself provide cross-layer state threading; no separate adoption path. + +## Path 4 — Hybrid (Plonky2 recursion + Plonky3 components) + +Keep Plonky2's working cyclic recursion; use Plonky3 only for non-recursive components. +Low-value: it doesn't achieve the migration's goal (move off maintenance-mode Plonky2 for +the recursion), and mixing two proof systems adds integration cost for no clear benefit. +Surfaced for completeness; not recommended. + +## Path 6 — Protocol redesign (off-circuit continuity via the trusted node) + +zkCoins is node-heavy with a trusted node (`feedback_zkcoins_server_heavy_architecture`). +`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.21/§7.22 already enforce one cross-proof property — "the in-coin +came from a valid prior transition" — **off-circuit** (the node only folds commitments of +validly-proved transitions into the history MMR). The same lever could enforce +`prev_account` continuity off-circuit: the node verifies each transition's proof and checks +`new.prev_account_hash == previous.account_state_hash` outside the circuit, rather than via +in-circuit cross-layer threading. **This sidesteps the recursion-threading problem +entirely** but **reduces the in-circuit soundness scope** (continuity becomes a +trusted-node invariant, not a ZK-enforced one) — a protocol-owner decision, and only +acceptable under the closed-test-env / single-trusted-node MVP assumption. Concrete sketch: +each transition is a standalone proof (no IVC chain); the node maintains the account-state +chain and the history MMR; in-circuit checks cover only the single transition's validity + +the SMT/MMR inclusion of the witnessed prior state. **This is the cheapest path that needs +no recursion threading at all** and aligns with the existing §7.22 MVP posture — worth the +operator's serious consideration alongside Path 1+5. + +## Path 7 — Other ZK systems (zkVMs) + +- **RISC Zero** — mature, audited; `journal` + `SystemState` + `env::verify` give committed + cross-continuation state (can model account-IVC). But Metal-GPU is default-on; CPU-only is + a deliberate, slow downgrade; ≤5 s for a 2^16-equivalent + recursive verify is optimistic. + Full rewrite to a RISC-V guest. [docs.rs/risc0-zkvm](https://docs.rs/risc0-zkvm/). +- **OpenVM** — cleanest explicit committed-state model (leaf verifier asserts boundary-state + consistency); newer, GPU-oriented. [whitepaper](https://openvm.dev/whitepaper.pdf). +- **SP1** — mature but GPU-leaning, and **zkCoins deliberately left SP1** ("no upstream + momentum for our needs") — do not return. +- **Jolt** — *architecturally avoids recursion* (wrong tool for verify-prev + thread-state). +- All zkVMs = large rewrite + heavier prover. A fallback if the account model is better + expressed as a program than a circuit; not preferred over Path 1+5 / Path 3. + +## Path 8 — Fork + maintain (excluded by §16, surfaced for the operator) + +No existing fork solves cross-layer PI. A fork would carry the Path-2 feature out-of-tree +against a fast-moving upstream (frequent rebases). **Pros:** full control, no upstream wait. +**Cons:** maintenance tax, diverges from a `needs-rfc` upstream that would likely accept the +feature anyway, explicitly excluded by `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. Inferior to Path 1+5 +(which needs no fork) and Path 2 (which upstreams it). Only if Path-2's API is needed before +upstream merges. + +## Path 9 — Creative / out-of-the-box + +- **Stwo / Cairo** (StarkWare, M31, **production-mature, on Starknet mainnet**): recursion + via the Cairo verifier; state threading expressed at the Cairo-program level. Large rewrite + to Cairo/AIR; latency unproven for ≤5 s. [s-two](https://starkware.co/blog/s-two-prover/). +- **Triton-VM** (Neptune): recursive STARK designed for fast recursive verification (ships a + constant-size chain-validation IVC); full recursion still roadmap; you inherit a VM. +- **Halo2 accumulation** (atomic/split): a genuine IVC mechanism, but found implementations + are research-grade (~300 s prover — far over budget); you'd re-build what Sonobe packages. +- **Binius64**: recursion unshipped + Intel-GFNI-centric (weak on Apple Silicon). +- **WHIR**: a PCS, not a stack — a future component, not adoptable as an IVC framework. +- **Boojum** (zkSync, [era-boojum](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-boojum)): a recursion-centric + **Goldilocks** STARK (Poseidon2 custom gate, FRI/Redshift) with a multi-layer aggregation tree + wrapped to Plonk+KZG — *same field family as our stack*, which is appealing. But it is a + **purpose-built EraVM proving pipeline** (15 fixed circuits), not a general account-IVC library; + state threading is internal to that pipeline and not exposed as a reusable `z_i→z_{i+1}` API. + Impractical to repurpose for a custom account model (heavy, EraVM-specific, CPU). Not recommended. + +--- + +## Recommended next steps (empirical) + +1. **Probe R (next):** chain a custom carrier table across ≥2 batch recursion layers — emit + a threaded counter as a public value from layer N, read+rethread it at layer N+1, assert + the value is carried end-to-end and a wrong forwarded value is rejected. This converts + Path 1+5 from "channel proven" to "IVC proven". Watch for upstream + [#436](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/issues/436). +2. **Cost:** measure warm-prove with the carrier overhead at real (2^16) scale. +3. **In parallel:** a Sonobe per-step latency spike (Path 3) — the ≤5 s gate decides whether + folding is the better long-term substrate. +4. Keep Plonky2 in production until one path clears latency + (for Path 3) maturity. + +The gate is **GO via Path 1+5** (channel empirically proven), with Path 3 as the +architecturally-cleanest alternative and Path 6 as the cheapest redesign — the operator +chooses among them. Probes D/G/H/J remain valid: they correctly bound the *high-level API / +stock-table* behavior; Probe Q identifies the supported construction they did not test. diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md index efd1c318..db16ecb4 100644 --- a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md +++ b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md @@ -1,7 +1,141 @@ # Plonky3 Recursion Feasibility Spike — Result (Phase 0 Go/No-Go) -**Status:** 🛑 **NO-GO** for the migration *as specified* (replicating zkCoins' -cross-layer state IVC on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev). Probe J + an adversarial review +> 🟢 **SUPERSEDED — gate is GO (2026-06-06, later same day).** The NO-GO below was **scoped +> too narrowly** and is **overturned**. `probe_q_custom_public_value` proved a custom AIR +> with `num_public_values() > 0` surfaces a soundly-bound per-instance value across a batch +> layer (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev), and **`probe_r_carrier_chain` then +> threaded a counter end-to-end across a real depth-4 IVC chain** via that channel +> (`V_3 == V_0 + 3`; wrong forwarded value rejected; wrong carrier bind rejected). The +> `[0,0,0]` finding held only for the primitive tables / `CircuitBuilder` public inputs that +> probes D/G/H/J tested. **CHOSEN DIRECTION: Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting (carrier) +> tables** (stays in the Plonky3-STARK family, minimal delta from the Plonky2 IVC model, no +> protocol change). Rationale + 9-path analysis: **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`**; +> end-to-end proof: PR #214. **Cost (`probe_r_cost`):** the carrier threading + in-circuit +> two-proof verification adds **no** measurable overhead on top of the bare recursion floor — +> at the real `2^16`-row inner scale the base carrier `prove_batch` is ≈271 ms/layer and the +> IVC link's witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS ≈91 MB. The number that actually gates the ≤5 s warm +> budget is the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class, ~1.8 s +> headroom) — **within budget**, not yet incurred in Probe R's witness-gen-only link. The +> probes below remain correct for the constructions they tested. + +## Fair Performance Comparison (Probe S, corrected by V/W) + +**RESOLVED (T/X/X′/U): a mixed verdict — big wins on cold-start/memory/mint, a wash-or-loss +on `/api/send`.** Probe S's first headline (4–61×) was ~5× too optimistic (degree-3 + zk-proxy; +corrected by V/W); the real single transition is 10–14× faster (T), but the 8-way source +aggregation dominates the full send and is NOT reducible by batching (X′) — so `/api/send` is a +wash (non-zk) / loss (zk), while mint is ~2× and cold-start 38.7×. The full picture is built up +below and summarised in `docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md`. Probes I/R measured a +*recursion overhead* in **Goldilocks** with **untuned (testing) FRI** — a +feasibility check, not a production-prover timing. **Probe S** +(`tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs`) measured a **BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK** under +tuned FRI, Poseidon2-Merkle MMCS, parallel DFT, confirmed **NEON packing** +(`PackedMontyField31Neon`, 18 threads). But Probe S used a **degree-3 S-box** and +a **blowup-2 zk-PROXY**, both of which understate the real production cost — +**Probes V and W measured the true cost of each, and the correction is large.** + +**Probe S (degree-3, zk-proxy) — OPTIMISTIC, superseded for the zk rows by Probe W:** + +| Workload | FRI | Plonky3 p50 | Speedup | +|---|---|---:|---:| +| hash-matched (~4500 hashes, 2^13 rows) | non-zk (blowup 1) | 71 ms | 61× | +| middle (2^15 rows) | non-zk | 303 ms | 14× | +| hash-saturated (2^16) | non-zk | 570 ms | 7.6× | +| *(zk rows used a blowup-2 proxy — see Probe W correction below)* | | | | + +**Probe V — degree-7 (the cryptographic S-box) costs 1.66–1.69× over degree-3** +(stable across sizes; at the low end of the 1.5–2.5× review estimate — confirmed, +not refuted). **Probe W — true `HidingFriPcs` (real ZK with random masking rows) +costs 2.9–3.0× over the blowup-2 proxy** — masking roughly TRIPLES prove time; the +proxy was NOT a "small additive term" and Probe S's zk rows were ~3× too fast. + +**Corrected production config (degree-7 + true HidingFriPcs + Keccak MMCS), +measured in Probe V/W vs Plonky2 4.35 s:** + +| Trace height | degree-7 + hiding p50 | vs Plonky2 4.35 s | +|---|---:|---:| +| 2^13 (hash-matched ~4500) | **1419 ms** | **3.07× faster** ✅ | +| 2^15 | 5910 ms | 0.74× (slower) ⚠️ | +| 2^16 (hash-saturated) | 12033 ms | 0.36× (much slower) 🔴 | + +**What it means:** the combined correction is ~1.67× (degree) × ~3× (hiding) ≈ **5×** +on Probe S's optimistic numbers. Plonky3 still wins decisively at the real +**hash count** (~2^13 height → 3.07× under full production crypto), but at a +hash-saturated 2^16-height trace the production config is SLOWER than Plonky2. The +real zkCoins circuit is a *batch* of a ~2^13-height hash table **plus** a ~2^16-height +non-hash table — so the net result depends on the real table mix, which **Probe T** +measures directly (degree-7 + HidingFriPcs, full multi-table). Until Probe T lands, +the honest statement is: **promising at the real hash count, not a guaranteed win at +full circuit size.** Methodology + caveats: +`scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`; +degree-7 = `probe_v_degree7_bench`, true-hiding = `probe_w_hiding_fri`. + +### Probe T resolution — the real circuit IS faster (V/W "2^16 slower" was hash-saturation) + +`probe_t_real_circuit_bench` resolves the pending verdict by modelling the REAL circuit's +*actual* cost mix under TRUE production crypto — a real multi-table `prove_batch` (which +**does** work with HidingFriPcs + mixed degree, an empirical finding) of a degree-7 Poseidon2 +hash table sized to ~4500 hashes (~175 ms standalone) **plus** a degree-3 arithmetic table for +the ~50k non-hash gates (those are real-circuit-faithfully degree 2–3: comparisons, range, +boolean, field-mul — the high-degree cost lives only in the hash S-box, correctly placed in +the hash table). Result vs Plonky2 **4.35 s warm**: + +| Non-hash table | constraints | warm p50 | net vs Plonky2 | RSS | +|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| 2^13 (realistic — already >50k gates) | 98 304 | **312 ms** | **13.95× faster** | 1.1 GB | +| 2^14 | 196 608 | 449 ms | 9.69× | 1.7 GB | +| 2^15 | 393 216 | 735 ms | 5.92× | 1.9 GB | +| 2^16 (inflated ceiling) | 786 432 | 1307 ms | 3.33× | 2.1 GB | + +Config/AIR build = **0.07 ms** (vs Plonky2's 8.2 s cold circuit-build — a ~10⁵× setup win). +**Why this differs from V/W's "2^16 = 12 s slower":** V/W ran the WHOLE 2^16-height trace as the +degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` (8 lanes → ~2^19 Poseidon perms — hash-SATURATED, ~115× the +real hash work). The real circuit has only ~4500 hashes (a ~1024-row table) plus a cheap +degree-3 arithmetic bulk — so V/W's 2^16 point was never the real circuit. **Honest +qualification:** Probe T is the **single state-transition** prove cost. The full populated +`/api/send` prove additionally verifies the predecessor proof in-circuit (IVC carrier) and the +up-to-8-way source aggregator — that recursion overhead is **Probe X**, and the end-to-end node +number is **Probe U**; both sit on TOP of these figures. Net so far: **the core transition is +~10–14× faster under true production crypto; the full-pipeline verdict follows X + U.** + +### Full-pipeline net verdict (Probes X / Y / Z / AA / U) — honest, mixed + +**Probe X (recursion/aggregation, 8 sources + 1 IVC, REAL in-circuit STARK-prove via the +low-level `prove_all_tables` path — #436 is NOT a blocker):** the in-circuit verification of +the 8-way source aggregator + IVC predecessor costs **4.0 s (non-zk) / 6.7 s (zk)** warm — it +**dominates** the prove (the single transition is ~7% of it). The recursion verifier is +hash-heavy (in-circuit FRI/Merkle), and hashing benefits far less from BabyBear's small field +than raw arithmetic does — so the per-transition win does NOT carry into recursion. + +**Composed `/api/send` (T+X+node-overhead, Probe U projection):** **~9.9 s non-zk (≈ wash vs +Plonky2's ~10 s) / ~12.6 s zk (slower).** With the real Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier +than the carrier proxy, so Probe X is a *lower bound*), the full send likely tips **slower**. +**`/api/mint`** (recursion-light, no 8-way aggregation) projects **~2× faster**. + +**The unambiguous wins:** **Probe Y cold-start = 38.7× faster** (372 ms vs Plonky2's 14.4 s — +Plonky3 has ~no circuit-build: 1.46 ms vs 8.2 s); **peak RSS** consistently **1–2 GB vs 3.9 GB**; +**Probe AA** 1000-prove soak shows **+2.7 % latency drift (stable), no memory leak**, RSS +plateaus. **Probe Z:** native verify 9.6 ms, proof **1.76 MB** (large — a STARK-size cost), +prove÷verify ≈ 33×; zkCoins verifies nothing on-chain (Schnorr-only, Doc 2), so verify cost is +node-side + per-recursion-layer. + +**Honest bottom line:** the migration is **not a uniform speed win**. It is a large win on +**cold-start, memory, mint, and operational stability**, a **wash-or-loss on the user-facing +`/api/send`** (recursion-dominated), at the cost of **larger proofs (1.76 MB)** and an SDK/field +change if BabyBear is chosen (Doc 2). **RECOVERY — APPLIED RESOLUTIONS (Probes AB–AE, `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`): MAX_IN_COINS stays 8 (UX regression rejected); the recommended config is N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI (q=48) → send-prove 1.93 s = 2.25× faster / e2e ~1.3× — the inner-FRI setting is a port-phase auditor gate (consistent with Plonky2-Goldilocks's 64-bit posture), not a research blocker. Field = BabyBear (KoalaBear ruled out, AD). Port = HOLD (research-only mandate). The wash holds only at the fully-unchanged q=100 config.** The batching lever is RESOLVED — Probe X′ +(`probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator`) ruled it out:** co-proving the 8 sources as one batch +would cut the aggregation **4.1×** (978 ms non-zk / 1664 ms zk — the theoretical floor), but +the protocol cannot retroactively batch sources proved by different prior transactions, and +for 8 INDEPENDENT proofs the API instantiates one full in-circuit FRI verifier each — measured +**1.00–1.01× vs Probe X, exactly flat**. So the only live send-side lever is **reducing +`MAX_IN_COINS`** (protocol-visible — operator decision), or future upstream recursion +improvements. Full numbers: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-{t,u}-*.md`; +X = `probe_x_aggregator_recursion`, X′ = `probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator`, +Y = `probe_y_cold_start`, Z = `probe_z_verifier`, AA = `probe_aa_sustained_load`. + +**Status (historical, superseded — see banner above):** 🛑 NO-GO for the migration *as +specified* (replicating zkCoins' cross-layer state IVC on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev), as +read before Probe Q/R. Probe J + an adversarial review of all escape routes confirm that **neither Option 1 (AIR public values) nor Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) can thread a value across a batch-recursion layer** — there is no per-instance value channel; only whole-trace Merkle-cap commitments are exposed, and @@ -35,7 +169,7 @@ yields two incompatible copies of the `p3-*` types. Use this exact pair. from the root zkcoins workspace so the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the `node`/`shared` build or CI. Throwaway; deleted once the real port lands. -Tests (all 17 green, `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`): +Tests (all 33 green, `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`): | Test | Proves (real proving, ✅ = pos+neg asserted) | Result | |---|---|---| @@ -56,6 +190,22 @@ Tests (all 17 green, `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`): | `probe_n_concurrent` | **concurrent load** — 4 independent prove+recurse+verify workloads on threads all succeed; peak RSS ~1.38 GB | ✅ | | `probe_o_soundness` | **soundness spot-check** — mismatched FRI private data (a different proof's Merkle paths) rejected; tampered public input rejected → the verifier is not vacuous | ✅ | | `probe_p_serialization` | **proof serialization** — recursion proof bincode round-trips byte-stable (~363 KB) + still verifies; truncated blob rejected | ✅ | +| `probe_q_custom_public_value` | **overturns the NO-GO** — a custom AIR with `num_public_values()>0` surfaces a soundly-bound per-instance value across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`); value 42 verifies, 999 rejected (BabyBear, upstream PR #407) | ✅ | +| `probe_r_carrier_chain` | **chosen direction, end-to-end** — depth-4 carrier-table IVC chain threads a counter `V_3 == V_0+3`; each link verifies both adjacent carriers in-circuit + `connect`s the carry; wrong forwarded value rejected (WitnessConflict, w/ control), wrong carrier bind rejected (OodEvaluationMismatch) | ✅ | +| `probe_r_cost` | **cost @ real scale** — carrier chain at `2^16`-row inner size: base ≈271 ms/layer, IVC-link witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS ≈91 MB; per-transition floor ≈273 ms; budget-gating link STARK-prove ≈3.2 s class (within ≤5 s warm, ~1.8 s headroom) | ✅ | +| `probe_s_fair_bench` | **fair Plonky3-vs-Plonky2 prover speed** — BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK, tuned FRI, Poseidon2-MMCS, NEON packing: degree-3/zk-proxy headline (corrected by V/W below) (see §"Fair Performance Comparison") | ✅📊 | +| `probe_v_degree7_bench` | **degree-7 (cryptographic) S-box cost** — real degree-7÷degree-3 ratio = 1.66–1.69× (stable); confirms the review estimate | ✅📊 | +| `probe_w_hiding_fri` | **true HidingFriPcs vs zk-proxy** — real ZK masking costs 2.9–3.0× over the blowup-2 proxy; the Probe S zk-proxy was ~3× too fast | ✅📊 | +| `probe_t_real_circuit_bench` | **real-circuit cost estimate** — multi-table `prove_batch` (degree-7 hash + degree-3 arith + HidingFriPcs): single transition ~312 ms = 10–14× faster; build 0.07 ms | ✅📊 | +| `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | **recursion overhead, 8+1 fan-in** — real in-circuit STARK-prove 4.0 s (non-zk) / 6.7 s (zk); dominates the prove, ≈erases the per-transition win on `/api/send` (#436 not a blocker) | ✅📊 | +| `probe_y_cold_start` | **cold-start** — build+first-prove 372 ms vs Plonky2 14.4 s = 38.7× faster (no circuit-build step) | ✅📊 | +| `probe_z_verifier` | **verifier asymmetry** — verify 9.6 ms, proof 1.76 MB, prove÷verify ≈ 33×; tamper rejected | ✅📊 | +| `probe_aa_sustained_load` | **sustained-load soak** — 1000 proves / 5.43 min: +2.7 % latency drift (stable), RSS plateaus, no leak | ✅📊 | +| `probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator` | **batching lever resolved** — co-proved sources would cut aggregation 4.1× (978 ms/1664 ms floor) but is protocol-unreachable; 8 INDEPENDENT proofs = 1.00–1.01× vs Probe X (flat) → only live lever is MAX_IN_COINS | ✅📊 | +| `probe_ab_recursion_friendly` | **recursion levers** — cheaper-inner-FRI q48 = 2.4× (64-bit, `[VERIFY]`); Poseidon2-inner-MMCS already baseline (Keccak-inner unverifiable in-circuit); ZK-only-outer ≈ 0 | ✅📊 | +| `probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep` | **fan-in sweep 1/2/4/8** — aggregation ≈ 448 ms/coin + 350 ms base, near-linear; N=4 halves it (protocol lever, no soundness question) | ✅📊 | +| `probe_ad_koalabear` | **field comparison** — KoalaBear transition 1.26× faster BUT aggregation 2.1× SLOWER (20 vs 13 partial rounds) → stay BabyBear | ✅📊 | +| `probe_ae_best_config` | **composed best config** — N=4 + q48: send-prove **1.31 s = 3.32× faster** than Plonky2; e2e 6.91 s = 1.45×; conditional on 2 `[VERIFY]`s | ✅📊 | Each `✅` test asserts BOTH a positive (correct → accepted) and a negative (tampered/wrong → rejected), and most add a CONTROL isolating the cause of the @@ -221,7 +371,7 @@ architecture or a future upstream might still rely on: None of these change the NO-GO — they confirm the recursion *engine* is solid; what is missing is only the cross-layer value channel. -## Gate decision +## Gate decision (historical, superseded — see top banner; the live decision is 🟢 GO via Path 1+5) 🛑 **NO-GO for the migration as specified.** Every §5 *binding primitive* is empirically proven (PI threading binding, active-count masking, vk-equality connect-back, IVC fixed @@ -240,8 +390,11 @@ Merkle/single non-recursive state-transition) would still port, but they are not without the recursion they feed. **Decision is the operator's** (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16 — protocol-touching). Options: -1. **Hold** — keep the spike + pinned probes; revisit when `Plonky3-recursion` exposes - cross-layer public inputs (the pinned probes auto-detect it). Recommended default. +1. ~~**Hold** — revisit when `Plonky3-recursion` exposes cross-layer public inputs.~~ + **SUPERSEDED:** the capability is already present (PR #407, on the pinned rev) — it was + not missing upstream, it was simply not exercised by the stock-table probes. See the + banner at the top and `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` (Path 1+5: GO via custom + public-value-emitting tables). 2. **Protocol redesign** — re-architect to avoid cross-layer state threading. Out of scope for a backend port; a separate design effort the operator must commission. 3. **Fork upstream** — explicitly excluded by §16. diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31ebe8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md @@ -0,0 +1,415 @@ +# Plonky3 Carrier-Table-Chain — Cryptographic Audit Specification (Doc 3) + +**Status:** Audit-ready specification of the *carrier-table IVC composition* used to +thread per-instance state across recursion layers in the zkCoins Plonky3 backend. +**Scope:** the composition mechanism only — see §6 (Non-goals). **Date:** 2026-06-06. + +**Companion documents:** +- `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` — Phase-0 gate memo (GO via Path 1+5). +- `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` — Path-1+5 rationale and 9-path analysis. +- `PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md` (Doc 4) — upstream pinning / TCB maintenance. +- `PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md` (Doc 1) — cutover plan. + +This document is written for an external cryptographic auditor. It defines the +construction precisely, gives a layered soundness argument, lists the explicit +security assumptions the auditor must accept or challenge, and provides a concrete +review checklist. Symbol names are real and refer to the upstream `Plonky3-recursion` +API and to the spike probes (`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/`). Anything not +directly verifiable from the spike code is marked `[VERIFY: …]`. + +--- + +## 0. Pinned trusted base + +The construction rides on two pinned upstream revisions. They are **not** independent +choices: `Plonky3-recursion`'s workspace pins exactly the `Plonky3`-main rev below, and +the recursion crates share `p3-*` types with it. + +| Repo | Rev | Role | +|---|---|---| +| `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b` | carrier mechanism (`prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit`, PR #407 public values) | +| `Plonky3/Plonky3` | `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803` | core `p3-*` (field, FRI, AIR, batch-STARK) that the recursion rev is built against | + +The per-instance public-value channel that the whole construction depends on is +upstream **PR #407 ("feat: support public values", merged 2026-03-19)**, present in the +`Plonky3-recursion` rev `524665d`. (Note: PR #407 is a `Plonky3-recursion` PR resolved +in `524665d`; `56952503` is the companion `Plonky3`-main rev — the construction does not +depend on a Plonky3-main public-values PR.) + +The construction deliberately uses the **low-level** `prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit` +API and **not** the high-level `build_and_prove_next_layer`, which is how it avoids +upstream issue **#436** ("Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2", closed +without MRE). The auditor should confirm the real ported chain stays on the low-level API +(see §5 checklist item C-9). + +> **The pinned upstream `p3-recursion` / `p3` code is UNAUDITED and pre-1.0.** It is part +> of the Trusted Computing Base of this construction (§4). Doc 4 covers pin maintenance; +> this audit must treat the upstream prover/verifier/FRI/Poseidon2 code as either trusted +> or in-scope for a separate audit. + +--- + +## 1. Construction definition + +### 1.1 Notation + +- `F` — the base field (BabyBear in the probes; the mechanism is field-generic). +- `E` — the challenge / cross-layer extension field over `F` (`Challenge`). +- A *carrier AIR* `C` is an `Air` with `num_public_values() = m` (m ≥ 1) whose public + values are bound, by a first-row constraint, to committed trace cells. +- `V_N` — the carried state value emitted by layer `N` (in the probes a counter; in the + real port the `prev_account` / ProofData digest, see §1.6). +- `π_N` — the batch-STARK proof of layer `N`'s carrier (`BatchProof`). +- `vk_N` — the verifier key (for a uni-stark / preprocessed AIR, the preprocessed + commitment). + +### 1.2 The carrier AIR + +The canonical carrier in `probe_r_carrier_chain.rs` is `CarrierAir`: + +- **Width:** 2 (trace columns `[v_in, v_out]`). +- **Public-value count:** `num_public_values() = 2` → public values `[v_in, v_out]`. +- **Constraints** (`Air::eval`, all gated by `when_first_row()`): + 1. `v_in == public_values[0]` — first-row bind of `pi_in` to committed cell `local[0]`. + 2. `v_out == public_values[1]` — first-row bind of `pi_out` to committed cell `local[1]`. + 3. `v_out == v_in + 1` — the state-transition relation (here: increment-by-one). + +Generalized: constraint 3 is replaced by the real per-transition relation +`v_out == T(v_in, witness)` where `T` is the zkCoins state-update relation. Constraints 1 +and 2 are the **public-value binding** — they pin each declared public value to a specific +committed trace cell, so the public value cannot float free of the proof's trace. + +The minimal single-public-value variant is `PublicValueAir` in +`probe_q_custom_public_value.rs` (width 2, `num_public_values() = 1`, single first-row bind +`local[0] == public_values[0]`). It isolates the per-instance public-value channel without +the transition relation. + +### 1.3 Proving a layer (`prove_batch`) + +A layer is one `prove_batch` `BatchProof` of a single `StarkInstance` of the carrier: + +``` +instances = [ StarkInstance { air: &C, trace, public_values: [v_in, v_out] } ] +prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances) +π = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data) +``` + +`verify_batch(&config, &[C], &π, &pvs, &prover_data.common)` is the native check. The +honest trace commits `(v, v+1)` on row 0; `public_values` is the *claimed* pair handed to +`prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. If the claimed pair disagrees with the committed cells, the +first-row bind (1)/(2) makes the constraint system unsatisfiable and `verify_batch` +rejects — this is the carrier-bind negative (Probe R NEGATIVE 2: claiming `v_out = v+999` +against a `(v, v+1)` trace fails at prove/verify time). + +### 1.4 Verifying a layer in the next layer (`verify_batch_circuit`) + +The next layer is a `p3-circuit` `CircuitBuilder` that verifies `π_N` in-circuit: + +``` +let vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate(&mut cb, &π_N, common, &air_public_counts); +verify_batch_circuit(&config, &[C], &mut cb, &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, &fri_params, &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16)?; +``` + +`air_public_counts = [m]` declares how many per-instance public values the inner carrier +emits. After `allocate`, the inner proof's public values surface as **constrainable +circuit targets**: + +- `vi.air_public_targets.len() == 1` (one carrier instance), +- `vi.air_public_targets[0].len() == m` (the carrier's `m` public values — for the + primitive tables this would be `[0,0,0]`; the carrier makes it non-empty). + +For `CarrierAir`, `air_public_targets[0] = [ target(v_in), target(v_out) ]`. These targets +are bound by `verify_batch_circuit` to the inner committed trace via the same constraint +the inner proof carries (the first-row bind), so constraining a target is equivalent to +constraining the inner committed cell (§2b). + +### 1.5 Chaining layers (`connect`) + +The IVC link between layer `N` (`prev`) and layer `N+1` (`cur`) is a single circuit that: + +1. verifies `prev`'s carrier in-circuit → surfaces `V_N = prev.air_public_targets[0][1]` + (the inner `v_out`); +2. verifies `cur`'s carrier in-circuit → surfaces `v_in^{N+1} = cur.air_public_targets[0][0]` + (the inner `v_in`); +3. **threads** them: `cb.connect(prev.air_public_targets[0][1], cur.air_public_targets[0][0])`. + +`connect(a, b)` forces `a == b` in the witness (a DSU-style union of the two targets — see +§2c). Because each carrier internally enforces `v_out == v_in + 1` (constraint 3), chaining +links `0→1→2→3` proves `V_3 == V_0 + 3` with every intermediate value threaded through a +real proof's public-value channel. Probe R asserts the concrete carried value +(`V_3 == V_0 + 3`) and the forward linkage `pvs[k].v_out == pvs[k+1].v_in` for every link. + +### 1.6 The real use (per-slot ProofData + active mask) + +In the real zkCoins port the carried value is not a counter but the +`prev_account` / ProofData digest threaded across the account-update IVC chain, and the +relation `T` is the real state-update. The source aggregator surfaces per-slot ProofData +through the **same carrier channel** plus an `active`-bit mask (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` +§7.17, exercised in `probe_e_active_masking.rs`): for each of `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` fixed +slots, + +``` +masked = cb.select(active, expected, claimed); // §7.17 +cb.connect(claimed, masked); +``` + +`active = 0` reduces to `connect(claimed, claimed)` (slot masked off; garbage accepted); +`active = 1` enforces `claimed == expected` (the per-slot check fires). The auditor must +verify the active-mask construction does not provide a bypass for *active* slots (§5, +C-6). The vk-equality connect-back (§1.7) plugs in alongside the mask in the aggregator. + +### 1.7 vk binding (`connect`-back) + +To prevent a wrong-circuit substitution (an inner proof that is internally valid against a +*different* verifier key), the outer circuit `connect`s the inner proof's verifier-key +targets (for a preprocessed/uni-stark AIR, the preprocessed-commitment targets, +`vi.preprocessed_commit.cap_targets`) to the expected `vk` value. This is the Plonky2 +`connect_hashes` analogue. `probe_f_vk_binding.rs` proves it end-to-end: `proof_99` (valid +against `vk_99`) bound to `vk_42` is rejected purely by the `connect`, while an unbound +`proof_99` is accepted (control isolating the bind as the cause). + +--- + +## 2. Soundness argument + +**Core claim.** An accepting IVC link chain of depth `n` proves that the state relation +`T` held at every step (`V_{k} = T(V_{k-1}, ·)` for `1 ≤ k ≤ n`) and that the carried value +was genuinely threaded (`v_out` of layer `k` equals `v_in` of layer `k+1`), under the +security assumptions of §3. + +The argument is layered (a)–(e). + +### (a) Per-layer public-value binding + +A carrier proof's public value is soundly bound to its committed trace by **two** +ingredients: + +1. **The first-row AIR constraint.** `CarrierAir::eval` asserts `local[0] == public_values[0]` + and `local[1] == public_values[1]` under `when_first_row()`. A satisfying assignment must + therefore have the declared public values equal to the committed row-0 cells. There is no + satisfying trace in which a public value differs from its bound cell. +2. **STARK/FRI soundness of `prove_batch`.** The committed cells are fixed by the + trace-Merkle commitment in `π`, and the constraint system (including the first-row binds) + is checked at the FRI-random out-of-domain point. An adversary who commits one trace but + claims a different public value produces an unsatisfiable constraint system; `verify_batch` + rejects it except with the FRI/STARK soundness error (Probe R NEGATIVE 2; upstream's own + `test_batch_verifier_wrong_public_values` is `#[should_panic(WitnessConflict)]`). + +**Assumption used:** FRI is sound at the chosen parameters, and the AIR constraint system is +both complete (honest carriers pass) and sound (the binds (1)/(2) and the relation (3) are +the *only* satisfying constraints — there is no under-constrained public value). The +auditor must independently confirm completeness/soundness of the *real* ported AIR (§5 C-1). + +### (b) Cross-layer surfacing + +`verify_batch_circuit` faithfully exposes the inner proof's public value as +`air_public_targets`. The mechanism (PR #407): the upstream batch verifier builds +`air_public_counts` from each non-primitive table's `public_values.len()`, and +`BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate` allocates exactly that many circuit public-input +targets as `air_public_targets`. Inside `verify_batch_circuit`, the recursive constraint +folder evaluates the inner AIR's constraints — including the first-row bind — over these +targets. Therefore an outer constraint placed on `air_public_targets[i][j]` is equivalent to +a constraint on the inner committed cell that (a) binds: the surfaced target *is* the inner +public value, which *is* the inner committed cell. Probe Q proves this directly +(`air_public_targets[0].len() == 1`; claiming `42` verifies, `999` is rejected); Probe R +re-confirms it at `m = 2`. + +**Assumption used:** the upstream `verify_batch_circuit` recursive verifier is a faithful +in-circuit re-encoding of the native `verify_batch` (this is the unaudited-TCB assumption, +§3/§4). If upstream's recursive folder diverged from the native folder on public values, the +surfacing could be unsound; the auditor must treat upstream verification logic as +trusted-or-audited. + +### (c) Threading + +`connect(prev.v_out, cur.v_in)` forces continuity. In `p3-circuit`, `connect(a, b)` unions +the two targets in a disjoint-set structure and requires them to carry equal witness values; +a witness that assigns them different values is rejected at run time with `WitnessConflict`. +A wrong forwarded value is therefore unsatisfiable: Probe R NEGATIVE 1 builds a +*valid-but-wrong-successor* carrier (honest `(v0+5, v0+6)`) and links it after layer 0 +(which emitted `v0`); the link fails because `connect(v0, v0+5)` is a witness conflict. The +**control** — running the identical mismatched pair *without* the `connect` — is accepted, +proving the rejection is purely the IVC thread bind and not an unrelated artifact. + +**Assumption used:** `connect`'s equality is enforced (DSU union is sound) — part of the +`p3-circuit` TCB. + +### (d) Base case + induction (IVC) + +- **Base case.** Layer 0 is a real carrier proof whose `v_in` has *no* predecessor to bind + against; it commits `[V_0 - 1, V_0]` and only its `v_out = V_0` is consumed downstream. + The base case is established by the carrier proof itself (no `_or_dummy` primitive is used; + `p3-recursion` has none — see the gate memo). +- **Inductive step.** Given an accepting link `k → k+1`, (a) binds `V_k` and `v_in^{k+1}` to + their respective proofs, (b) surfaces them, (c) forces `V_k == v_in^{k+1}`, and the carrier + relation forces `v_out^{k+1} == T(v_in^{k+1}, ·)`. By induction over `0 → 1 → … → n`, the + relation held at every step and the value threaded continuously. +- **Fixed-shape requirement.** IVC soundness requires a **constant proof shape per layer** + (every link circuit has the same shape so the verifier key is stable). The spike confirms + the fixed point (`probe_a_ivc`: witness counts reach a constant `107957`; `probe_m`: depth + 50 holds the constant shape with flat RSS). The real port must hold this fixed point; a + shape that drifts per layer would break the inductive vk stability (§5 C-8). + +### (e) vk binding + +The verifier-key equality `connect`-back (§1.7) prevents a wrong-circuit substitution. Each +link constrains the inner proof's vk targets to the expected circuit's vk. An adversary +supplying a proof of a *different* circuit (internally valid against its own vk) is rejected +by the vk `connect`, even though the inner STARK verification passes. `probe_f_vk_binding` +proves exactly this (reject `proof_99` bound to `vk_42`; control accepts it unbound). +Without this bind, the inductive step (d) would only prove "*some* accepting carrier exists", +not "the *intended* carrier circuit ran". + +--- + +## 3. Security assumptions (explicit — accept or challenge) + +An auditor must accept (or challenge) each of the following. These are the assumptions on +which the §2 soundness argument rests. + +1. **FRI / STARK soundness at the production FRI parameters.** The carried-value binding and + every in-circuit verification reduce to FRI soundness. The production parameters (blowup, + query count, proof-of-work grinding bits, final-poly length) must give the target security + level. **The spike probes do NOT use production FRI params** — they use + `FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests(...)` fed by `test_fri_scalars()` + (`log_blowup`, `commit_pow_bits = 0`, `query_pow_bits`, etc.), at `security_level = 100` + `[VERIFY: the production target is 100-bit conjectured FRI security; confirm the intended + target and that production params meet it]`. The proxy-vs-production FRI gap is itself an + audit item (§5 C-4). Note the standard caveat: FRI's *provable* soundness is weaker than + its *conjectured* soundness; state which is being relied upon. + +2. **Small-field soundness margin (BabyBear + extension).** BabyBear is a ~31-bit prime + field. Per-query / per-challenge soundness error is governed by the size of the field over + which challenges are drawn — the **challenge extension field `E`**, not the 31-bit base + field. The construction draws challenges and surfaces the cross-layer value over `E` + `[VERIFY: the recursion config uses extension degree d for challenges — the spike sets + `.for_extension_degree::<2>()` in one path; confirm the production extension degree and + that |E| = |F|^d ≈ 2^(31·d) gives an adequate per-challenge soundness margin, e.g. d ≥ 4 + for a comfortable margin, with enough FRI queries to reach the target bits]`. **This is one + of the most load-bearing assumptions** — a too-small extension degree silently erodes the + per-challenge soundness and the whole chain's security with it. + +3. **Collision-resistance of the Merkle / sponge hash.** Trace and FRI commitments are Merkle + trees over a hash. The production hash is **Keccak** (`PaddingFreeSponge` + in the production-config probes V/W); the in-circuit Poseidon2 path uses + `Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16`. Collision-resistance of the committed hash is assumed; + a collision would let an adversary equivocate on a committed trace cell and break (a). + +4. **Degree-7 cryptographic S-box (must ship).** The Poseidon2 permutation securing the + commitments must use the **cryptographic round counts and the degree-7 S-box (`x^7`)** — + `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` with `SBOX_DEGREE = 7`, `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1`, and the real + BabyBear constants (`BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16 = 13`, full rounds per + `BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS`), as measured in `probe_v_degree7_bench`. **A + degree-3 S-box (`x^3`) is NOT cryptographically safe and MUST NOT ship** — Probe S used + degree-3 only as a benchmarking proxy and explicitly understated cost. The auditor must + confirm the production config is degree-7 with cryptographic round counts (§5 C-10), and + that the hiding/ZK FRI (`HidingFriPcs`, Probe W) is enabled where ZK is required. + +5. **Unaudited upstream in the TCB.** `p3-recursion` and `p3` (the pinned revs in §0) are + **unaudited and pre-1.0**. The native `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`, the recursive + `verify_batch_circuit`, the FRI prover/verifier, the Poseidon2 gadget, and the `p3-circuit` + `connect`/DSU machinery are all in the TCB. The auditor must either trust this code or audit + it as part of this engagement; a pin bump (Doc 4) is a re-audit trigger. + +--- + +## 4. Trusted Computing Base + +The soundness of the construction depends on, and only on: + +1. The **carrier AIR** definitions (the ported `T` relation + first-row binds) — *in scope + for this audit*, but the per-transition business relation `T` is a **separate** audit + scope (§6). +2. The **link-circuit construction** (which targets are `connect`ed, the active mask, the vk + bind) — *in scope*. +3. **Upstream `p3-recursion` / `p3`** at the pinned revs (native + recursive verifier, FRI, + Poseidon2, `p3-circuit`) — **unaudited; trusted or separately audited** (§3.5, Doc 4). +4. The **FRI / field / hash parameters** chosen for production (§3.1–§3.4). + +A defect in any of these can break soundness. Items 1–2 are the zkCoins-authored surface; +items 3–4 are the upstream/parameter surface. + +--- + +## 5. What the auditor should check (checklist) + +- **C-1 — AIR constraint completeness (no under-constrained public value).** For the real + ported carrier(s), confirm every declared public value is bound by a first-row (or + otherwise sound) constraint to a *specific* committed cell, that the bind is on the **right** + cell (carried value, not an adjacent column), and that the transition relation `T` is fully + constrained (no free witness that lets `v_out` take an unintended value). The probes bind + `local[0]/local[1]`; the real AIR must be re-checked. +- **C-2 — carrier-bind soundness.** Confirm a carrier cannot declare a public value its trace + did not commit (Probe R NEGATIVE 2 in the real AIR): claiming a wrong public value must fail + at `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. +- **C-3 — `connect` continuity (no discontinuous value).** Confirm there is no satisfying + witness for a link with `prev.v_out != cur.v_in` (Probe R NEGATIVE 1 + control). Verify the + `connect` targets the correct indices (`[0][1]` ↔ `[0][0]`) in the real wiring. +- **C-4 — FRI parameter soundness margin.** Re-derive the security bits from the production + blowup / queries / PoW bits / final-poly length; confirm they meet the target and that the + spike's `unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests` params are NOT used in production. +- **C-5 — field / extension soundness.** Confirm |E| (extension degree × |BabyBear|) gives an + adequate per-challenge soundness margin for the chain depth and query count (§3.2). This is + the small-field item — scrutinize it. +- **C-6 — active-mask bypass.** In the aggregator, confirm `select(active, expected, claimed)` + + `connect(claimed, masked)` has **no aliasing path** that lets an *active* slot pass with a + wrong value, no way to forge the `active` bit (it is asserted boolean, + `cb.assert_bool(active)`), and that masking an inactive slot cannot leak into an active + binding. +- **C-7 — Fiat–Shamir transcript binding.** Confirm the challenger **absorbs all public + values** (and the vk / commitments) before deriving challenges, so the surfaced public value + is bound into the transcript and cannot be chosen after the challenges. Check serialization + is transcript-stable (`probe_p_serialization`: byte-stable bincode round-trip, truncated blob + rejected). +- **C-8 — fixed proof shape.** Confirm the link circuit reaches a constant shape / fixed point + across the chain (vk stable per layer); a per-layer shape drift breaks induction (§2d). +- **C-9 — low-level API / issue #436.** Confirm the real chain uses `prove_batch` / + `verify_batch_circuit` (not `build_and_prove_next_layer`) and does not regress into upstream + issue #436 at depth ≥ 2. +- **C-10 — degree-7 + hiding in production.** Confirm the shipped permutation is degree-7 with + cryptographic round counts and that ZK is provided by `HidingFriPcs` where required (§3.4). +- **C-11 — proxy-vs-real gap.** Probes T/Q/R use **representative** carrier AIRs (counter / + single value). The real ported circuit's constraints (balance conservation, nullifiers, the + full state-update `T`) are **NOT** exercised by these probes and must be audited separately + (§6). The composition mechanism is what the probes establish; the per-transition logic is not. +- **C-12 — vk binding present at every hop.** Confirm the vk-equality `connect`-back (§1.7) is + wired at every IVC link and aggregator leaf, not just the first (otherwise a wrong-circuit + proof could be substituted at an unguarded hop). + +--- + +## 6. Known limitations / non-goals + +- **This spec covers the carrier-chain *composition* only.** It does **not** audit the + per-transition business logic: balance conservation, nullifier uniqueness, ownership / + signature checks, the Merkle-membership of accounts, or the concrete state-update relation + `T`. Those are a **separate audit scope** against the real ported circuit and `SPEC.md`. +- **The probes prove the mechanism, not the full circuit.** `probe_q` / `probe_r` use a + counter (`v_out == v_in + 1`) as a stand-in for the real `T`; `probe_e` uses synthetic slot + values. A green probe demonstrates that *a* value is soundly threaded and masked — it does + not certify that the real `T` is correctly or completely constrained (that is C-1 / C-11 / + §6 separate scope). +- **Upstream is trusted-or-separately-audited** (§3.5, §4). This document does not audit the + `p3-recursion` / `p3` internals; it states where they enter the TCB. +- **Performance is out of scope here** but gates feasibility (see the gate memo: degree-7 + + hiding FRI is ~5× over the optimistic proxy; promising at the real hash count, not a + guaranteed win at full circuit size — tracked by Probe T). Performance does not affect + soundness. + +--- + +## 7. Summary for the auditor + +The carrier-table chain threads a per-instance value across recursion layers by (i) emitting +it as an AIR **public value** bound to a committed trace cell (first-row constraint), (ii) +surfacing it across a batch layer as a constrainable `air_public_target` via +`verify_batch_circuit` (PR #407), and (iii) `connect`-ing successive layers' carried values +to force continuity, with a per-hop **vk** `connect`-back to pin the circuit identity. The +probes establish each link of this argument with positive + negative + control assertions +and real proving (no mocks). The soundness of the *mechanism* follows from FRI/STARK +soundness, the small-field/extension margin, hash collision-resistance, the degree-7 +cryptographic permutation, and the correctness of the unaudited upstream verifier — the five +assumptions of §3, of which the **small-field/extension soundness margin** and the +**unaudited upstream in the TCB** are the two the auditor should scrutinize hardest. diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0781ee70 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md @@ -0,0 +1,570 @@ +# Plonky2 → Plonky3 Cutover Playbook + +**Doc 1 of the Plonky3 migration documentation set.** This is the production-engineering +runbook for switching the zkCoins node's proving backend from Plonky2 (Goldilocks, cyclic +recursion) to Plonky3 (layered carrier-table recursion). It is self-contained: an engineer +executing the cutover months from now should be able to run it end-to-end from this file. + +**Companion docs (referenced, not duplicated here):** + +- **Doc 2 — Wire / Storage Format Migration.** Authoritative on the on-disk and on-the-wire + byte formats (proof blobs, SMT/MMR root encoding, `circuit_digest` representation, field + serialisation Goldilocks↔BabyBear). This playbook *references* its conclusions; it does not + re-derive them. +- **Doc 3 — Crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain.** +- **Doc 4 — Upstream maintenance plan** (pinned revs, fork policy). +- **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`** — the Phase-0 feasibility gate (GO via Path 1+5). +- **`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`** §5.4 / §7.5 — the Schnorr/Poseidon boundary, on-chain format. + +--- + +## 0. Scope & non-negotiables (read first) + +The migration changes the **proving backend only**. The following are **frozen** and any PR +that touches them is out of scope for the cutover and must STOP-and-escalate +(`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5.4, §7.5, §D3): + +1. **On-chain commitment format is invisible to the proof system.** A state change is + published as a single BIP-340 Schnorr inscription over `H(asth ‖ ocr)` with the Taproot + inscription txid prefix `4242`. The proof bytes are **never** posted on-chain. Therefore + the proof system can change with **zero on-chain format change** — this is the property + that makes the whole cutover feasible. +2. **Schnorr boundary stays at byte serialisation.** The wallet signs + `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` where `asth`/`ocr` are 4-element Poseidon + outputs serialised to 32 bytes each. There is **no in-circuit SHA256 and no in-circuit + Schnorr verify** — BIP-340 verification happens off-circuit in the scanner. The cutover + does not touch `verify_send_signature` in `node/src/router.rs` or the scanner's signature + path. +3. **Protocol constants must not change**: `MAX_IN_COINS`, `MAX_OUT_COINS`, + `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN` (`zkcoins_program::circuit::main`). These are the cost/parity anchors; + changing them is a protocol change, not a backend port. +4. **The 32-byte address / hash-digest wire shape stays identical.** Account addresses, SMT + leaves and MMR roots are 32-byte values on the wire and in `accounts.address`. Whether the + *underlying field* changes (Goldilocks → BabyBear) and whether that re-encodes the 32-byte + root is **Doc 2's** question; see §4 below for the cutover consequence. + +> **Field decision (from the Phase-0 gate).** The recommended port stays **Goldilocks on +> Plonky3 for the whole port (Phases 1–8)**; KoalaBear/BabyBear is deferred to a separate +> Phase 9 that only runs if the warm-prove budget is missed. **If the port lands on +> Goldilocks, the SMT/MMR root encoding does not change and §4 simplifies to the proof-blob +> reset only.** This playbook covers BOTH cases and flags where they diverge. + +--- + +## 1. Pre-cutover checklist — parity gates that MUST be green + +Cutover does not start until **every** box below is green on the exact frozen build. None of +these are advisory. + +### 1.1 Frozen build / pins + +- [ ] Plonky3 upstream revs pinned and recorded in Doc 4 (the `Plonky3` / + `Plonky3-recursion` pair must be the matched workspace pair — see + `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` §"Pins probed"). **A backend port may not bump these + mid-cutover.** +- [ ] `rust-toolchain` unchanged (the repo pins it; CI builds with Rust 1.81.0 per + `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`). `[VERIFY: confirm the Plonky3 crates compile on the pinned + toolchain — upstream is edition-2024; if a newer toolchain is required, that is a + separate, reviewed change recorded in Doc 4.]` +- [ ] Dual-prover build flag exists and defaults to **Plonky2** (see §7 for the flag name). + `[VERIFY: name of the cargo feature / env var that selects the active backend — this is + created by the Phase-6 node-integration PR; record it here once it lands, e.g. + `ZKCOINS_PROVER_BACKEND=plonky3` or a `prover-plonky3` cargo feature.]` + +### 1.2 Circuit-equivalence parity + +- [ ] The Plonky3 circuit test suite passes with the **same assertions** as the Plonky2 suite. + The Plonky2 circuit crate (`program-plonky2/`) carries **~131 `#[test]` functions** + `[VERIFY: exact count — the task brief says "121"; `grep -rc '#\[test\]' program-plonky2/src` + currently reports ~131. Use whichever the Phase-1–5 port is required to mirror 1:1.]`. + Every ported test must assert the same positive AND negative outcomes (membership / + non-membership / insert, MMR append+prove, masking, vk-binding). Run: + ```bash + cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --release # [VERIFY: the ported crate name] + ``` +- [ ] **Cross-prover proof round-trip.** A proof produced by the Plonky3 prover verifies under + the Plonky3 verifier and bincode round-trips byte-stable (the spike proved this for the + recursion proof: `probe_p_serialization`). Confirm at the node integration layer: + `prove_account_update → serialize → deserialize → verify` returns Ok. + +### 1.3 Performance budget + +- [ ] **Warm-prove budget ≤ 5 s p50** measured by the bench harness on the reference host, + using the production parameters (`MAX_IN_COINS`, `MAX_OUT_COINS`, `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN`): + ```bash + # built against the Plonky3 backend build + ./target/release/probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --warm-budget-ms 5000 --persist + ``` + `probe_r2` (`node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) measures warm `prove_account_update` wall, + cold-start wall and peak RSS against the three ROADMAP step-9 budgets and persists to + `r2_probe_runs` (migration 0013) when `--persist` is set (`DATABASE_URL` required). + The Plonky3 number must be **≤** the Plonky2 baseline (Plonky2 reference: warm p50 + ≈ 4.35 s on M5 Max; the fair-bench projects 4–61× headroom — but the budget gate is the + **real circuit + carrier recursion**, not the bench proxy, so this measurement is + mandatory, not assumed). +- [ ] Peak RSS < 64 GB; cold-start within its budget (both reported by the same `probe_r2` + run). + +### 1.4 End-to-end parity on a throwaway DB + +- [ ] Full node test suite green on the Plonky3 build: + ```bash + cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ + --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' + ``` + This is the authoritative `CI` heavy gate ("Tests + Coverage Gate"); it must stay at + 100% line + function coverage. +- [ ] **API E2E** (`-E 'binary(api_remote)'`, the 47-test suite) green against a locally-run + Plonky3 node. This is the same suite the `Deploy DEV` workflow runs as **"API E2E + against DEV"**. +- [ ] The DEV dry-run rehearsal (§7) has been executed **at least once end-to-end including a + rollback exercise**. + +**Freeze condition:** once all of §1 is green, freeze the merge train. No further commits to +`develop`/`main` except the cutover PR itself until cutover completes or is rolled back. + +--- + +## 2. In-flight proof handling (the async jobs queue) + +The node is a **jobs-based async API** (`node/src/job_store.rs`, +`node/src/job_dispatcher.rs`, migration `0014_jobs`). At any instant there may be jobs +mid-flight. They must be drained with the **OLD (Plonky2) prover** before the switch — +a Plonky3 build cannot resume a Plonky2 in-flight proof. + +### 2.1 Job states (authoritative, from `job_store.rs::JobStatus`) + +| State | Meaning | Drainable? | +|---|---|---| +| `queued` | admitted, not yet picked up | **Cancel** (no work done yet) | +| `proving` | prover running (Plonky2) | **Let finish** under old prover | +| `awaiting_signature` | send job paused waiting for the wallet's `commit` | wallet-blocked; see 2.3 | +| `broadcasting` | proof done, inscription being broadcast | **Let finish** (on-chain side) | +| `completed` | terminal | done | +| `failed` | terminal | done | +| `cancelled` | terminal | done | + +`JobKind` is `mint | send`. `JobStatus::is_terminal()` ⇔ `completed | failed | cancelled`. + +### 2.2 Quiesce sequence + +1. **Stop admitting new jobs.** Put the service into maintenance mode (§5.1) so `jobs_mint` / + `jobs_send` return 503 and no new rows enter `queued`. `[VERIFY: the service has no built-in + maintenance flag today (grep found none in node/src). The supported quiesce is at the edge + — Cloudflare maintenance page / upstream 503 — OR add a one-line "drain mode" env gate in + the Phase-6 PR. Record which here.]` +2. **Cancel `queued` jobs.** These have done no prove work; cancelling avoids a needless + minute-scale prove right before the switch. Either let the wallet drive + `POST /api/jobs/:id/cancel` (`jobs_cancel_handler`, `node/src/router.rs`) or leave them — + the boot resumer will requeue them, but under the NEW prover they would fail, so prefer + cancel. Query the live set first: + ```sql + SELECT public_id, kind, status FROM jobs + WHERE status NOT IN ('completed','failed','cancelled') + ORDER BY created_at; + ``` +3. **Let `proving` / `broadcasting` jobs finish under the old prover.** These are the only + states that hold real in-flight work. A `proving` job finishes in single-digit seconds + (warm-prove ≤ 5 s p50); a `broadcasting` job finishes once the inscription is broadcast. +4. **Wait for the queue to reach steady terminal/awaiting state.** Re-run the query in (2) + until it returns only `awaiting_signature` rows (handled in 2.3) or nothing. + +**Max drain time:** dominated by the longest single prove plus broadcast confirmation latency. +Budget **≤ 2 minutes** of active draining for `proving`/`broadcasting` under nominal load. +`awaiting_signature` is **not** time-bounded (it waits on the wallet) — do not block the +cutover on it; see 2.3. + +### 2.3 `awaiting_signature` (send jobs paused on the wallet) + +A `send` job reaches `awaiting_signature` after its proof is produced; it then waits for the +wallet's `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` (the dispatcher drains a `commit_wake` Notify). Two +options: + +- **Preferred:** these jobs already hold a **completed Plonky2 proof** (`proof_id` populated). + The `commit` step only signs + broadcasts — it does not re-prove — so it is **safe to leave + them across the cutover**: the wallet can still commit them after the switch because commit + does not invoke the prover. **Verify this holds**: `[VERIFY: confirm process_send_resume / + the commit path does not re-run the prover on a Plonky2-produced proof after a Plonky3 boot. + If commit re-validates the proof against the live circuit, these must instead be drained or + cancelled before cutover.]` +- **Conservative fallback:** announce a short pre-cutover window, ask wallets to commit or + abandon outstanding sends, then cancel any `awaiting_signature` left at T-0. Because the + genesis reset (§4) wipes proof-dependent state anyway, an uncommitted send is lost work, not + a correctness hazard. + +--- + +## 3. State-schema migration (does DB state depend on the proof system?) + +**Yes — and decisively.** This is the crux of the cutover and the reason it is a hard +checkpoint, not a soft swap. + +### 3.1 What the DB stores (migrations `0001`–`0016`, singletons keyed `id=1`) + +| Table | Proof-dependent? | Why | +|---|---|---| +| `accounts` | **YES** | Each row carries `account.proof` — a serialised proof blob, fed back as the recursive *inner* proof on the next transition. | +| `smt_state` | **YES** | Global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree; roots are committed inside proofs. | +| `mmr_state` | **YES** | Global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots. | +| `mmr_root_index` | **YES** | `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map used to build inclusion proofs. | +| `circuit_digest_meta` | **YES (control)** | Persists the active circuit's digest so boot can detect a breaking change (migration 0015). | +| `latest_block` | derived | scanner resume cursor; re-derivable from the tip. | +| `usernames` | NO | human handles, not proof-dependent. | +| `account_history`, `state_update_log`, `request_log` | NO | append-only historical evidence, never feeds proof construction. | +| `jobs` | NO (terminal rows are history) | dispatcher only acts on non-terminal states. | +| `pending_inscriptions` | NO | scanner-side bookkeeping. | +| `coin_proof_store` | NO | unused schema groundwork, no production INSERT. | +| on-disk `PROOFS_DIR/.bin` | **YES** | per-send `CoinProof` blobs. | + +### 3.2 The field-change consequence (cross-ref Doc 2) + +The SMT/MMR roots are **hashes**. If the port keeps **Goldilocks** (recommended), the +Poseidon-over-Goldilocks root encoding is unchanged and the 32-byte root bytes are stable — +so the *root values* survive, only the *proofs over them* are invalidated. If the port moves +to **BabyBear/KoalaBear** (deferred Phase 9), the field and hash change and the root **byte +encoding may change**, which would re-encode every SMT leaf and MMR root. **Doc 2 is +authoritative on the exact byte impact;** this playbook only states the cutover consequence: + +> **Either way, the proof blobs (`accounts.proof`, queued `CoinProof`s, distributed recipient +> proofs) are ALL invalidated by the backend change.** The repo already proves this is +> unrecoverable per-account: the global SMT/MMR are append-only and shared across accounts, +> keyed by on-chain commitment pubkeys in MMR-append order, so they cannot be partially +> unwound per account without a global-vs-account mismatch that breaks soundness +> (migration 0015/0016 rationale; `node/src/self_heal.rs`). + +### 3.3 Migration ordering + +The repo already encodes the canonical ordering for a breaking circuit change — **reuse it**: + +1. The cutover build ships a **reset migration** modelled on + `0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql`: `DELETE FROM accounts; smt_state; + mmr_state; mmr_root_index; latest_block; circuit_digest_meta;`. sqlx applies it exactly + once per database (`_sqlx_migrations`), firing on the first deploy that carries it + (`develop → DEV`, `main → PRD`). +2. On boot, `node/src/self_heal.rs` sees no persisted digest → runs the canary → + `NoSample` on the empty `accounts` table → `Baseline` records the **new Plonky3 circuit + digest**. No new code path is introduced. +3. `PROOFS_DIR` orphans are inert (no surviving row references them) and are garbage-collected + by `reset_proof_store_dir` on the reset path. + +> **Do NOT hand-write a bespoke state transform.** The genesis-reset path is the only +> provably-consistent recovery and it is already integration-tested. If Goldilocks is kept and +> someone argues the roots could be preserved: they cannot, because the *proofs that attest to +> those roots* are invalid, and the node feeds `account.proof` back recursively on the very +> next transition. + +--- + +## 4. Account migration — checkpoint vs dual-verify + +Existing accounts have **Plonky2-proof histories** (`account.proof` is a Plonky2 blob, fed +recursively). The question: can they continue under Plonky3, or do they need a re-anchor? + +### Option A — Hard checkpoint (genesis reset) ◀ **RECOMMENDED** + +Reset all proof-dependent state to genesis at cutover (§3.3). Every account starts from a +fresh Plonky3-rooted state; balances re-mint from the publisher as needed. + +- **Pros:** the only **provably-consistent** path; already implemented and integration-tested + (`self_heal`, `reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`, migration 0016); zero new circuit code; + zero dual-prover complexity in steady state. +- **Cons:** discards existing on-chain-anchored balances; requires re-seeding. **Acceptable + here** because DEV and PRD are **closed test environments** (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test + environment") and the operator has previously authorised a PRD genesis wipe for exactly this + class of breakage (migration 0016 header). + +### Option B — Dual-verify transition window + +Build a Plonky3 circuit that can verify a Plonky2 inner proof for one transition, so existing +accounts "re-anchor" their first Plonky3 transition on top of their last Plonky2 proof, then +continue pure-Plonky3. + +- **Pros:** no balance loss; no re-seed. +- **Cons:** requires an **in-circuit Plonky2 verifier inside the Plonky3 circuit** — a + cross-proof-system recursion gadget that does not exist upstream and is far beyond a backend + port (it is a research effort). The Phase-0 gate already showed cross-layer threading is the + hard part of Plonky3 recursion; bolting a foreign verifier on top multiplies that risk. + **Out of scope for a backend port.** + +### Recommendation + +**Choose Option A (hard checkpoint / genesis reset).** It is the repo's established, +provably-consistent, already-tested recovery for a breaking circuit change, and a proof-system +swap is the maximal breaking change. Option B's only benefit (balance continuity) is +irrelevant in closed test environments and its cost (a cross-system in-circuit verifier) is +disproportionate and research-grade. **Re-evaluate Option B only if zkCoins is at mainnet with +real balances that cannot be re-seeded** — a decision for the operator, not the porting team. + +--- + +## 5. Downtime plan + +### 5.1 Maintenance mode + +`[VERIFY: the node has no internal maintenance flag (grep of node/src found drain/shutdown +plumbing but no admin "maintenance" toggle).]` Achieve maintenance mode by **either**: + +- **Edge (no code change):** serve a 503 maintenance page at the Cloudflare layer in front of + `dev-api.zkcoins.app` / `api.zkcoins.app`, OR +- **Service (preferred, one-line):** add a `ZKCOINS_DRAIN=1` env gate in the Phase-6 + integration PR that makes the admit handlers (`jobs_mint`, `jobs_send`) return 503 while + read endpoints (`/api/balance`, `/api/history`, `/api/info`, `/health`) stay up. Record the + chosen mechanism here once it lands. + +`/health` (liveness) returns 200 the moment the listener binds; `/health/ready` returns 503 +with `prover: warming` during the ~10–30 s prover warmup (`node/src/runtime.rs`, +`AppState::prover_warm`). Rolling deploys rely on this. + +### 5.2 Expected window + +| Phase | What's unavailable | Expected duration | +|---|---|---| +| Drain (§2) | new mint/send admits | ≤ 2 min active drain | +| Snapshot (§6.1) | writes paused | ~1 min (DB dump) | +| Switch + boot (deploy + genesis-reset migration + prover warmup) | full write path | image pull + `docker compose recreate` + **~10–30 s prover warmup** | +| Smoke (§8) | — (read-only checks) | ~1–2 min | + +**Total user-facing write outage: a few minutes**, dominated by deploy/recreate + warmup, not +by proving. **Read endpoints can stay up** the entire time if maintenance mode only gates the +admit handlers. + +### 5.3 User-facing messaging + +- Pre-announce a maintenance window (T-1d and T-1h) on the wallet status channel. +- During: maintenance 503 body should say "scheduled maintenance, balances will be + re-initialised" so wallets do not interpret a post-reset zero balance as data loss. +- After: post a "maintenance complete, please re-sync" notice. Because of the genesis reset + (§4), wallets must treat their local state as stale and re-hydrate `numPubkeys` from + `/api/balance` (`num_sends`). + +--- + +## 6. Rollback plan + +### 6.1 Pre-switch snapshot (mandatory) + +Before the switch, snapshot the **old (Plonky2) state** so a rollback restores byte-for-byte: + +```bash +# On the deploy host, BEFORE the genesis-reset migration runs: +pg_dump --format=custom "$DATABASE_URL" > zkcoins_pre_cutover__.dump +# And the on-disk proof store: +tar czf proofs_pre_cutover__.tgz "$PROOFS_DIR" +``` + +`[VERIFY: exact DATABASE_URL / PROOFS_DIR values are host-side env; do not hardcode. The +deploy host runs a restricted forced-command shell (only allowlisted command names) — the +snapshot must be taken via an allowlisted maintenance command or by the operator with direct +host access, NOT via the CI deploy key.]` + +### 6.2 Rollback triggers + +Roll back **immediately** on any of: + +- A §1 parity gate that was green pre-freeze goes red after the switch (a proof fails to verify + in production). +- Warm-prove budget blown in production (`probe_r2` or live job latency > 5 s p50 sustained). +- Broadcast / inscription errors from the publisher attributable to the new proofs. +- `self_heal` reset-looping (boot keeps resetting) — indicates the new circuit digest is + unstable. + +### 6.3 Point of no return + +**The first Plonky3 proof committed on-chain** (the first `broadcasting → completed` send/mint +after the switch). Before that point: nothing irreversible has happened on-chain; restoring the +Plonky2 snapshot + redeploying the Plonky2 image is a clean revert. After that point: a new +Plonky3-rooted on-chain commitment exists with the `4242` prefix, and reverting to the Plonky2 +snapshot means **abandoning** those post-cutover commitments (acceptable in a closed test env; +they become inert history). The on-chain format is identical either way (§0.1), so a rollback +does not strand the scanner. + +### 6.4 Reversible vs not + +| Reversible | Not reversible (without abandoning post-cutover commits) | +|---|---| +| DB + proof-store state (restore the §6.1 snapshot) | On-chain inscriptions produced by Plonky3 proofs after T-0 | +| The deployed image (redeploy the Plonky2 tag) | — | +| The genesis reset (snapshot pre-dates it) | — | + +### 6.5 Revert procedure + +1. Stop admitting (maintenance mode). +2. Drain any in-flight Plonky3 jobs (§2, same procedure, Plonky3 prover). +3. Restore the §6.1 snapshot (`pg_restore --clean` + untar `PROOFS_DIR`). +4. Redeploy the **Plonky2 image** — revert the cutover commit on the target branch so the + normal deploy workflow ships the previous image: + - DEV: revert on `develop` → `Deploy DEV` workflow fires. + - PRD: revert on `main` → `Deploy PRD` workflow fires. + Because the genesis-reset migration is `_sqlx_migrations`-tracked, the **restored** DB + predates it, so re-deploying the old image does not re-trigger a reset. +5. Boot: `self_heal` sees the restored Plonky2 digest == the Plonky2 build's digest → `Keep` + fast path. Confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true`. Smoke (§8). + +--- + +## 7. DEV dry-run rehearsal (DEV ONLY — never PRD) + +Rehearse the **entire** cutover on **DEV (`dev-api.zkcoins.app`, Mutinynet)** before +touching PRD. **Never target PRD or any other production host in the rehearsal.** The branch flow is +`feature → staging → develop (→DEV deploy) → main (→PRD deploy)`. + +### 7.1 Deploy mechanism (real, from `.github/workflows/`) + +- **DEV:** workflow **`Deploy DEV`** (`.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml`), trigger: + `push` to `develop`, **or** `workflow_dispatch` with a boolean input **`reset_state`**. + The workflow builds `zkcoins/node:beta`, SSHes a single allowlisted command (`zkcoins-node`, + or `reset-zkcoins-node` when `reset_state=true`), then polls + `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/health/ready` until `ready:true`, then runs the + **"API E2E against DEV"** job (the 47-test `api_remote` suite). +- **PRD:** workflow **`Deploy PRD`** (`.github/workflows/deploy-prd.yaml`), trigger: + `push` to `main` or `workflow_dispatch`; `cancel-in-progress: false` (PRD deploys queue, + never killed mid-recreate). +- **CI gate:** workflow **`CI`** (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`) — Lint & Build + the + "Tests + Coverage Gate (M3 Ultra, 100% lines + functions)" heavy job. + +Trigger a manual DEV reset deploy (the rehearsal's reset step) with: + +```bash +gh workflow run "Deploy DEV" --ref develop -f reset_state=true +gh run watch # follow build → deploy → smoke → API E2E +``` + +### 7.2 Rehearsal steps + +1. **Land the dual-prover build on `develop`** (default backend = Plonky2). The `Deploy DEV` + workflow ships it to DEV. Confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true` and "API E2E against DEV" + is green. +2. **Scripted baseline cycles (Plonky2).** Run a scripted set of mint → send → commit cycles + against DEV and capture state: + ```bash + ZKCOINS_API_URL=https://dev-api.zkcoins.app \ + cargo test -p node --release --all-features --test api_remote -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture + # plus an explicit balance/history snapshot for continuity comparison: + curl -s "https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/balance?address=0x" + curl -s "https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/history?address=0x&limit=50" + ``` +3. **Drain rehearsal (§2).** Enter maintenance mode, cancel `queued`, let `proving`/ + `broadcasting` finish, verify the non-terminal-jobs SQL query returns empty, **and time it** + (this measurement feeds §5.2 / §8's downtime estimate). +4. **Snapshot (§6.1).** Take the `pg_dump` + `PROOFS_DIR` tar on the DEV host. +5. **Switch.** Flip the backend to Plonky3 (cutover commit on `develop`, which carries the + genesis-reset migration) and let `Deploy DEV` ship it. Boot path: genesis-reset migration → + `self_heal` baselines the new digest → prover warmup → `/health/ready` ready. +6. **Verify state continuity / re-seed.** Confirm accounts are at genesis, re-run the scripted + mint → send → commit cycles **under Plonky3**, confirm they complete and the new on-chain + `4242` inscriptions appear (scanner picks them up). Run `probe_r2` against the real DEV + parameters and confirm the warm budget. +7. **Exercise the rollback (§6.5)** on DEV: restore the §7.2.4 snapshot, redeploy the Plonky2 + image (revert on `develop`), confirm `self_heal` takes the `Keep` path and the pre-cutover + balances/history are back byte-for-byte. +8. **Measure the real downtime window** from step 3 (start of maintenance) to step 6 + (`ready:true` under Plonky3). Record it — this is the number to communicate for the PRD + window. + +**Exit criterion for the rehearsal:** steps 1–8 all pass, the measured downtime is acceptable, +and the rollback restored DEV cleanly. Only then schedule the PRD cutover. + +--- + +## 8. Cutover-day timeline (T-minus runbook) + +Times are illustrative; the **drain/warmup numbers come from the §7 DEV rehearsal**. Each PRD +step mirrors a step already rehearsed on DEV. + +### T-7d — Freeze + +- All §1 parity gates green on the frozen Plonky3 build. Pins recorded in Doc 4. +- Freeze the merge train: no commits to `develop`/`main` except the cutover PR. +- DEV rehearsal (§7) completed end-to-end including rollback. + +### T-1d — Final parity + comms + +- Re-run §1 in full on the exact image that will deploy to PRD. +- `probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --persist` on the reference host → budget green. +- Send T-1d maintenance notice (§5.3). +- Confirm the §6.1 snapshot path/command works on the PRD host (dry-run the `pg_dump`). + +### T-1h — Pre-flight + +- T-1h maintenance notice. +- Confirm `Deploy PRD` workflow is idle and the queue is empty. +- Confirm publisher wallet has UTXOs (the deploy's preflight checks `>= 50_000` sats on DEV; + PRD needs the same headroom for post-cutover re-seed mints). + +### T-0 — Cutover (PRD) + +1. **Maintenance mode on** — stop admitting new jobs (§5.1). +2. **Drain** (§2): cancel `queued`; let `proving`/`broadcasting` finish; confirm the + non-terminal-jobs query is empty (modulo `awaiting_signature`, handled per §2.3). +3. **Snapshot** (§6.1): `pg_dump` + `PROOFS_DIR` tar, taken by the operator on the PRD host + (NOT via the CI deploy key). +4. **Switch**: merge the cutover commit to `main` → `Deploy PRD` fires (queued, never + cancelled). The image ships; the genesis-reset migration runs once; `self_heal` baselines + the new Plonky3 digest; prover warms (~10–30 s). +5. **Smoke** (§8.x): the deploy workflow polls `https://api.zkcoins.app/api/info` (200) — then + manually confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true`, run one mint → send → commit, confirm the + new `4242` inscription is broadcast and the scanner integrates it. +6. **Maintenance mode off** — resume admits. +7. **Point of no return passed** once the first Plonky3 mint/send reaches `completed` on-chain + (§6.3). Before this, rollback is clean; after, rollback abandons post-cutover commits. + +### T+0 to T+1h — Intensive monitoring + +- Watch live job latency (`jobs` table `created_at → completed_at`) vs the 5 s warm budget. +- Watch `prover_health` (consecutive `prove failed` count) — any sustained failure arms the + boot self-heal and is a rollback trigger. +- Watch the publisher / scanner for broadcast errors on the new proofs. +- Confirm no `self_heal` reset-loop on subsequent boots. + +### T+1d — Stabilisation + +- Re-run `probe_r2 --persist` and confirm the budget holds under real load. +- Confirm DEV and PRD are both on the Plonky3 backend, digests stable. +- Retain the §6.1 snapshots until T+7d, then archive. +- Update Doc 4 with the live pins and close the cutover. + +--- + +## Appendix A — Quick command reference + +```bash +# Parity: circuit tests (ported crate) [VERIFY crate name] +cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --release + +# Parity: full node heavy gate (CI's authoritative suite) +cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ + --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' + +# Parity: API E2E against a deployed env +ZKCOINS_API_URL=https://dev-api.zkcoins.app \ + cargo test -p node --release --all-features --test api_remote -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture + +# Budget: warm-prove harness +./target/release/probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --warm-budget-ms 5000 --persist + +# In-flight jobs (non-terminal) +psql "$DATABASE_URL" -c "SELECT public_id,kind,status FROM jobs \ + WHERE status NOT IN ('completed','failed','cancelled') ORDER BY created_at;" + +# Snapshot (operator on host, before reset migration) +pg_dump --format=custom "$DATABASE_URL" > zkcoins_pre_cutover.dump +tar czf proofs_pre_cutover.tgz "$PROOFS_DIR" + +# DEV deploy + reset (rehearsal) +gh workflow run "Deploy DEV" --ref develop -f reset_state=true && gh run watch + +# PRD deploy = merge to main → "Deploy PRD" fires automatically +``` + +## Appendix B — `[VERIFY]` items to resolve before execution + +1. Exact ported circuit-test count (brief says 121; `program-plonky2` currently ~131). +2. The dual-prover selector name (cargo feature / env var) created by the Phase-6 PR. +3. Plonky3 crates compile on the pinned `rust-toolchain` (edition-2024 upstream). +4. The maintenance/drain mechanism (edge 503 vs a `ZKCOINS_DRAIN`-style env gate). +5. Whether `commit` on an `awaiting_signature` Plonky2 proof re-invokes the prover after a + Plonky3 boot (governs §2.3 — leave-in-place vs drain). +6. Host-side snapshot command compatible with the restricted forced-command deploy shell + (snapshot must NOT go through the CI deploy key). +7. Doc 2's verdict on whether a Goldilocks-vs-BabyBear field choice re-encodes the 32-byte + SMT/MMR roots (governs whether §3/§4 is "proof-blob reset only" or "full root re-encode"). diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c8886e94 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +# Plonky2 → Plonky3 Wire & Storage Format Migration + +**Doc 2 of the Plonky3 migration documentation set.** This document is authoritative on the +**on-disk and on-the-wire byte formats** affected by switching the zkCoins node's proving +backend from Plonky2 (Goldilocks) to Plonky3. It answers one question precisely: *when the +proof system — and possibly the underlying field — changes, which stored/transmitted bytes +change, which stay byte-identical, and what coordination (DB reset, SDK bump) each delta +forces.* + +**Companion docs (referenced, not duplicated):** + +- **Doc 1 — `PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md`** — the production runbook. It *references this + doc's conclusions* for the format/field consequences; §3–§4 there give the operational + procedure (drain, snapshot, genesis reset, rollback). This doc gives the byte-level *why*. +- **Doc 3 — Crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain.** +- **Doc 4 — `PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md`** — pinned revs / fork policy. +- **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`** — the Phase-0 feasibility gate and the field + recommendation (stay Goldilocks for Phases 1–8; defer BabyBear/KoalaBear to Phase 9). +- **`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`** §5.3 / §5.4 — hash-function and Schnorr-boundary decisions. +- **`SPEC.md`** §2.1, §13, §D3 — protocol hash, server-side compute, on-chain commitment. + +--- + +## 0. The single load-bearing fact + +> **The proof bytes are never posted on-chain, and the on-chain `4242` inscription encodes +> nothing proof-system-specific.** It carries a BIP-340 Schnorr *signature* over a 32-byte +> SHA-256 digest of two protocol hashes. Therefore the proving backend (Plonky2 → Plonky3) +> can change with **zero on-chain wire-format change** — *as long as the 32-byte +> serialisation of the `asth`/`ocr` Poseidon digests is preserved*. + +The whole migration's format-safety reduces to that proviso. Keeping **Goldilocks** preserves +the 32-byte serialisation verbatim → the on-chain format and the SDK/Schnorr boundary are +**untouched**. Moving to **BabyBear** changes the field-element byte packing → it ripples into +the Schnorr message and **forces a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump**. The rest of this document +proves both halves of that claim from the code. + +--- + +## 1. What's stored where — concrete inventory + +All persistence is Postgres (`node/migrations/0001`–`0016`) plus one on-disk file store. Binary +blobs are `BYTEA`; structured blobs are `bincode`-serialised Rust types. + +### 1.1 Proof blobs + +| Artifact | Location | Serialisation | Proof-system-specific? | +|---|---|---|---| +| Per-account recursive proof | `accounts.data` `BYTEA` (the bincode of `Account`, whose field `proof: Option` — `node/src/account_node.rs:51`) | `bincode` of `Account` ⊃ `Proof` | **YES** | +| Queued / distributed send proofs | `accounts.data` → `Account.coin_queue: Vec`; and the on-disk file store | `bincode` of `CoinProof` (`node/src/account_node.rs:42`) | **YES** | +| Per-send `CoinProof` files | `PROOFS_DIR/.bin` (`ProofStore`, `node/src/router.rs:552`, `add_proof`/`get_proof` use `bincode::serialize`/`deserialize`) | `bincode` of `CoinProof` | **YES** | +| Circuit digest (control) | `circuit_digest_meta.digest` `BYTEA` (migration `0015`) | `bincode` of `HashOut` (4 field elements) | **YES** | +| `coin_proof_store` table | migration `0008` | groundwork only — **no production INSERT** (see `db.rs:reset_proof_dependent_state_tx` doc-comment) | N/A (empty) | + +The proof type itself is the workspace alias: + +``` +// script-plonky2/src/lib.rs:51 +pub type Proof = ProofWithPublicInputs; // F = GoldilocksField, C = PoseidonGoldilocksConfig +``` + +`ProofWithPublicInputs` serialises its FRI openings, Merkle caps and public inputs **as +field elements of `F`**. Changing `F` (Goldilocks → BabyBear) changes this type's entire +serialised shape. But this blob is **closed-environment only** — it lives in Postgres and on +local disk, is never transmitted to the wallet for verification (the node is the sole verifier, +`SPEC.md` §13 server-side compute), and is **never** placed on-chain. + +### 1.2 Account / SMT / MMR state (the hash-rooted state) + +| Table | Column | Stores | Encoding | +|---|---|---|---| +| `accounts` | `address` `BYTEA PRIMARY KEY` | 32-byte account address (a Poseidon `HashDigest`) | `digest_to_bytes` (see §2) | +| `accounts` | `data` `BYTEA` | bincode of `Account` (balance, proof, coin_history `SparseMerkleTree`, …) | bincode | +| `smt_state` | `data` `BYTEA` (singleton `id=1`) | global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree | bincode of `SparseMerkleTree` | +| `mmr_state` | `data` `BYTEA` (singleton `id=1`) | global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots | bincode of MMR | +| `mmr_root_index` | `prev_mmr_root` `BYTEA PK`, `smt_root` `BYTEA`, `leaf_index` `BIGINT` (migration `0004`) | `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map for building inclusion proofs | each root via `digest_to_bytes` (`db.rs:646–647`, `750–751`, `1430–1431`) | +| `latest_block` | `block_hash` `BYTEA` | scanner resume cursor | raw 32-byte hash (re-derivable from tip) | + +The SMT leaves and MMR roots are **Poseidon `HashDigest` values**, serialised to bytes by the +single canonical function in §2. Their byte stability across the migration is therefore *exactly* +the byte stability of `digest_to_bytes` under a field change. + +### 1.3 On-chain inscription payload (`4242`) + +The on-chain footprint is a single Taproot inscription whose **commit-tx txid is mined to begin +with the prefix `4242`** (`publisher.rs::inscription_txs`, up to 400 000 nonce attempts; +README §"Taproot inscription broadcast"). Its payload is the `bincode` of a `Commitment`: + +``` +// shared/src/commitment.rs:17 +pub struct Commitment { + pub public_key: secp256k1::PublicKey, // BIP-340 / secp256k1 + pub signature: schnorr::Signature, // BIP-340 Schnorr + pub message: Vec, // 32-byte digest (see below) +} +``` + +There is **no proof, no field element, no Plonky2/Plonky3 artifact** in this struct. It is a +secp256k1 public key, a Schnorr signature, and a 32-byte message. The scanner +(`scanner.rs::scan_for_inscriptions`) filters txids by the `4242` prefix, extracts the +inscription content, `bincode`-deserialises it as `Commitment`, and calls `verify()`. Nothing in +that path knows which proof system produced the state being committed. + +The `message` is built once, here: + +``` +// shared/src/lib.rs:85 (ClientAccount::create_commitment) +let combined = hash_concat(account_state_hash, output_coins_root); // Poseidon two-to-one +Commitment::new(&self.current_private_key(), digest_to_bytes(&combined).to_vec()) +``` + +i.e. `message = digest_to_bytes( H(asth ‖ ocr) )`, a 32-byte value, which `Commitment::new` +signs as a BIP-340 Schnorr message (`SHA256` is applied internally only when `message.len() +!= 32`; here it is exactly 32, so the stored message **is** the signed digest). This matches the +SPEC/cutover statement `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` at the protocol level — note +the in-code variant feeds the two digests through one Poseidon `hash_concat` first, then +serialises; either way the inputs are the same two Poseidon digests and the boundary is `serialize += digest_to_bytes`. + +**Conclusion (1.3):** the on-chain format is proof-system-agnostic. Its *only* dependency on the +proving stack is the byte value of `digest_to_bytes(...)` of Poseidon digests — i.e. §2. + +--- + +## 2. The field-element byte encoding — the hinge of the whole migration + +Everything above that "depends on the field" depends on exactly one pair of functions +(`program-plonky2/src/hash.rs`): + +``` +pub type HashDigest = HashOut; // F = GoldilocksField → 4 × 64-bit limbs = 256 bits + +pub fn digest_to_bytes(d: &HashDigest) -> [u8; 32] { + for (i, e) in d.elements.iter().enumerate() { + out[i*8 .. (i+1)*8].copy_from_slice(&e.0.to_be_bytes()); // 8 bytes BE per element + } +} +pub fn digest_from_bytes(bytes: &[u8; 32]) -> HashDigest { /* inverse, 8-byte BE chunks */ } +``` + +A `HashDigest` is **4 Goldilocks field elements, each emitted as 8 big-endian bytes → exactly +32 bytes**. This 32-byte string is the canonical wire/storage shape used for: + +- account addresses (`accounts.address`), +- SMT leaves and MMR roots (`mmr_root_index`, the bincode'd trees), +- the Schnorr message (`create_commitment` → on-chain `4242` inscription), +- the `circuit_digest_meta` digest (bincode of the same `HashOut`). + +### Why the field choice changes this + +`Goldilocks` is a **64-bit** field (`p < 2^64`), so 4 elements pack naturally into 4 × 8 = 32 +bytes, and a 256-bit Poseidon digest is exactly 4 elements. `BabyBear` (and `KoalaBear`) are +**31-bit** fields. To carry the same ~256-bit digest you need **8 elements of ~31 bits**, and a +field element no longer fills an 8-byte lane. Any faithful `digest_to_bytes` for BabyBear must +therefore change: different element count, different limb width (4-byte lanes), different padding. + +**The byte string `digest_to_bytes(asth)` is not preserved across a Goldilocks→BabyBear change.** +Because that byte string is (a) the SMT/MMR root encoding *and* (b) one half of the on-chain +Schnorr message, a BabyBear move re-encodes the stored roots **and** changes the on-chain signed +digest — the latter is the SDK-coordination trigger (§4). + +`[VERIFY: the exact BabyBear digest→bytes scheme (8×u32-BE? packed-31-bit? domain-tagged?) is a +Phase-9 design decision, not yet written. Whatever it is, it MUST be specified jointly with +zk-coins/sdk because the wallet recomputes the same bytes to sign — see §4.]` + +--- + +## 3. Existing Plonky2 proofs in the DB — can they be migrated? + +**No — they are historical-only after cutover, and the only consistent path is a genesis reset.** + +### 3.1 Why old proofs cannot be re-verified post-cutover + +A stored `Proof` (`accounts.data → Account.proof`, queued `CoinProof`s, `PROOFS_DIR/*.bin`) is a +`ProofWithPublicInputs`. The Plonky3 node ships a +**different verifier** (different proof system; on BabyBear, also a different field). A Plonky3 +verifier cannot verify a Plonky2 proof. Worse, zkCoins is **recursive**: each transition feeds +the account's prior proof back as the *inner* proof (`account_node::send_coins_inner`). So a +stale proof is not merely un-verifiable in isolation — the **next** send/mint hands it to the new +circuit's witness generator, which aborts. This exact failure mode is the documented incident +behind migrations `0015`/`0016` (Plonky2 witness generator aborting with a copy-constraint +conflict on a stale `account.proof`). + +### 3.2 The three theoretical options + +| Option | Feasible? | Verdict | +|---|---|---| +| **(a) Keep old proofs as immutable history + checkpoint** (don't re-verify; reset proof-dependent state to a fresh Plonky3 genesis; preserve append-only log tables as evidence) | **Yes** — already implemented (`reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`, migration `0016`, `self_heal`) | **RECOMMENDED** | +| **(b) Re-prove the old state under Plonky3** | **No** — re-proving needs the original *witness* (spend secrets, in-coin source witnesses), which the node does not retain; only the proof + public outputs survive | Impossible | +| **(c) Dual-verifier window** (Plonky3 circuit verifies a Plonky2 inner proof for one re-anchor transition) | Technically conceivable, but requires an **in-circuit Plonky2 verifier inside a Plonky3 circuit** — a cross-proof-system recursion gadget that does not exist upstream and is research-grade (Doc 1 §4 Option B) | Out of scope for a backend port | + +### 3.3 Recommendation (cross-ref Doc 1 §4) + +**Adopt (a): a hard checkpoint / genesis reset**, exactly mirroring Doc 1's account-migration +recommendation (Option A). The append-only audit tables (`account_history`, +`state_update_log`, `request_log`, terminal `jobs` rows) are **preserved as immutable history**; +the proof-dependent set (`accounts`, `smt_state`, `mmr_state`, `mmr_root_index`, +`circuit_digest_meta`, `latest_block`, and the `PROOFS_DIR` files) is reset to genesis. The +operator has previously authorised exactly this class of wipe for DEV **and** PRD, both being +closed test environments (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test environment"; migration `0016` header). + +This holds **regardless of field choice**: even staying on Goldilocks — where the *root bytes* +would be byte-stable — the *proofs that attest to those roots* are invalidated by the proof-system +change, and the global SMT/MMR are append-only and shared across accounts (keyed by on-chain +commitment pubkeys in MMR-append order), so they cannot be partially unwound per account without a +global-vs-account soundness mismatch (migration `0015`/`0016` rationale; `node/src/self_heal.rs`). + +--- + +## 4. Field-change serialisation impact — Goldilocks vs BabyBear + +The two field options have **very different format blast radii**. The proof blob is invalidated in +both cases (§3); the difference is whether the *digest byte-encoding* — and therefore the on-chain +format and the SDK — also changes. + +### 4.1 Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 (recommended for Phases 1–8) + +| Item | Changes? | Notes | +|---|---|---| +| `digest_to_bytes` / 32-byte digest shape | **NO** | `F` unchanged → 4 × 8-byte-BE packing identical | +| `accounts.address` bytes | **NO** | same digest encoding | +| SMT leaf / MMR root **byte values** | **NO** (encoding); proofs over them **invalid** | roots survive byte-for-byte but are reset anyway (§3.3) | +| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **NO** | wallet signing is byte-identical | +| On-chain `4242` inscription format | **NO** | `Commitment` is field-agnostic; message bytes unchanged | +| **SDK bump required?** | **NO** | wallet's `createCommitment` produces identical bytes | +| Proof blob (`accounts.data`, `CoinProof`, `PROOFS_DIR`) | **YES** (invalidated) | different proof system; closed-env only, reset by genesis migration | +| `circuit_digest_meta` value | **YES** | new circuit ⇒ new digest; re-baselined by `self_heal` | + +→ **Goldilocks reduces the format migration to a proof-blob reset only.** No SDK coordination, no +on-chain change. This is the dominant reason Doc 1 / the Phase-0 gate recommend staying on +Goldilocks for the port. + +### 4.2 BabyBear-on-Plonky3 (deferred Phase 9) + +| Item | Changes? | Notes | +|---|---|---| +| `digest_to_bytes` / digest shape | **YES** | 31-bit field ⇒ 8 elements, 4-byte lanes; new packing (§2) | +| `accounts.address` bytes | **YES** | re-encoded; reset by genesis migration anyway | +| SMT leaf / MMR root byte encoding | **YES** | Poseidon-over-BabyBear ⇒ different root bytes | +| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **YES** | the **signed bytes change** | +| On-chain `4242` inscription format | **payload bytes change** | the `Commitment.message` (the signed digest) is different; the *envelope/prefix* mechanism is unchanged, but what is signed is not | +| **SDK bump required?** | **YES — coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` release** | the wallet must compute the *same* new digest bytes to sign; a stale SDK signs the old encoding and the node rejects the commitment | +| Proof blob | **YES** (invalidated) | different field + proof system | +| `circuit_digest_meta` value | **YES** | new circuit + new digest type (`HashOut`) | + +→ **BabyBear forces a lock-step `zk-coins/sdk` bump.** The wallet independently reconstructs +`digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` to produce its Schnorr signature; if the field encoding changes on +the node but not in the SDK, every commitment the wallet posts is over the wrong 32-byte message +and `Commitment::verify()` in the scanner rejects it. This is the **only** thing in the entire +migration that crosses the wallet boundary — and it is triggered *solely* by the field change, not +by the Plonky2→Plonky3 switch itself. + +`[VERIFY: confirm the SDK's commitment-message construction is the only wallet-side consumer of +the field encoding. From the node side, the wallet's sole field-dependent input is the +asth/ocr→32-byte digest it signs; the SDK does not run a verifier. Confirm against the +zk-coins/sdk source (out of this repo's tree) before any Phase-9 field flip.]` + +--- + +## 5. Migration-script sketch + +The repo **already ships the canonical breaking-change recovery** — do not hand-write a bespoke +state transform. Reuse migration `0016`'s shape and the `self_heal` boot path. + +### 5.1 The reset migration (model on `0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql`) + +```sql +-- 00NN_reset_proof_dependent_state_for_plonky3_cutover.sql +-- Mirror of reset_proof_dependent_state_tx (node/src/db.rs) and migration 0016. +-- Fires exactly once per database via _sqlx_migrations: develop → DEV, main → PRD. + +DELETE FROM accounts; -- carries the stale Plonky2 account.proof +DELETE FROM smt_state; -- global commitment SMT (proofs attest to it) +DELETE FROM mmr_state; -- global MMR of SMT roots +DELETE FROM mmr_root_index; -- prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index) map +DELETE FROM latest_block; -- scanner cursor, re-derived from the tip +DELETE FROM circuit_digest_meta; -- cleared, NOT rewritten: a SQL migration cannot + -- know the live circuit's runtime-computed digest +-- Deliberately PRESERVED: usernames, account_history, state_update_log, +-- request_log, jobs (terminal rows = history), coin_proof_store (empty groundwork), +-- pending_inscriptions (scanner bookkeeping). +``` + +### 5.2 Boot path — no new code (`node/src/self_heal.rs`) + +After the reset migration runs, the first boot of the Plonky3 image follows the existing +adoption branch — **no new code path is introduced**: + +1. `circuit_digest_meta` is empty → `persisted == None`. +2. `self_heal::reset_decision(None, canary)` runs the canary recursion; on the empty + `accounts` table the canary returns `NoSample` → decision = `Baseline`. +3. `Baseline` records the **new Plonky3 circuit digest** (`HashOut` of the live circuit). +4. `reset_proof_store_dir(PROOFS_DIR)` drops orphaned `*.bin` files; `ProofStore::new` resumes + `next_id` cleanly (files are id-addressed, no surviving row references them). + +```rust +// Conceptual boot sequence (already implemented; shown for orientation, do not re-add): +match self_heal::reset_decision(persisted_digest, account_node.canary_recursion()) { + ResetDecision::Reset => { db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx(&pool, &live_digest).await?; + self_heal::reset_proof_store_dir(&proofs_dir)?; } + ResetDecision::Baseline => { /* fresh genesis: record live_digest, drop PROOFS_DIR orphans */ } + ResetDecision::Keep => { /* unchanged digest: steady state */ } +} +``` + +### 5.3 Re-anchor + +There is no on-chain re-anchor to perform at cutover: the genesis reset starts from an empty SMT/MMR, +and balances re-mint from the publisher on demand. The **first** post-cutover send/mint produces the +first Plonky3-rooted `4242` inscription (Doc 1 §6.3 "point of no return"). Because the inscription +*format* is unchanged for Goldilocks (and only the signed-digest bytes change for BabyBear), the +scanner integrates the new commitments with no scanner-side format change. + +### 5.4 BabyBear-only addendum + +If (and only if) Phase 9 flips to BabyBear, the cutover release must be **co-released with a +`zk-coins/sdk` version that emits the new `digest_to_bytes` encoding** (§4.2). Sequence: ship the +SDK update to wallets *first* (or gate the node to accept only the new encoding at a known block +height), so no wallet signs the old 32-byte message after the node starts expecting the new one. +This step is **absent** from a Goldilocks cutover. + +--- + +## 6. Compatibility matrix + +Artifact × field option × {format change? · SDK bump? · on-chain impact?}. +"Invalidated" = the value cannot be reused and is reset by the genesis migration (§5), independent +of byte-encoding. + +| Artifact | Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 | BabyBear-on-Plonky3 | +|---|---|---| +| Proof blob (`accounts.data → Account.proof`, `CoinProof`, `PROOFS_DIR/*.bin`) | **Invalidated** · no SDK bump · no on-chain impact | **Invalidated** · no SDK bump · no on-chain impact | +| `digest_to_bytes` 32-byte encoding | **Unchanged** · no SDK bump · none | **Changed** (8×31-bit packing) · **SDK bump** · changes signed digest | +| `accounts.address` bytes | **Unchanged** (reset anyway) · — · none | **Changed** (reset anyway) · — · none | +| SMT leaf / MMR root encoding (`mmr_root_index`, bincode trees) | **Unchanged encoding**, proofs invalid → reset · no SDK bump · none | **Changed encoding** → reset · no SDK bump · none | +| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **Unchanged** · **no SDK bump** · **on-chain SAFE** | **Changed** · **SDK bump REQUIRED** · signed digest differs | +| On-chain `4242` inscription (`Commitment` envelope + txid prefix) | **Unchanged** · no SDK bump · **SAFE** | Envelope/prefix unchanged; **signed message bytes change** · SDK bump · scanner verifies new bytes | +| `circuit_digest_meta.digest` | **Changed** (new circuit) · no SDK bump · none | **Changed** (new circuit + `HashOut` type) · no SDK bump · none | +| Append-only history (`account_history`, `state_update_log`, `request_log`, terminal `jobs`) | **Preserved** · — · — | **Preserved** · — · — | + +--- + +## 7. Verdict & open `[VERIFY]` items + +**Verdict.** +- **On-chain `4242` format is SAFE across the migration** — the inscription encodes only a + BIP-340 Schnorr signature, a secp256k1 pubkey, and a 32-byte digest; nothing proof-system- + specific. It survives the Plonky2→Plonky3 switch with zero format change *provided the + digest's 32-byte encoding is preserved*. +- **Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 preserves that encoding** → no SDK bump, no on-chain change; the format + migration collapses to a **proof-blob genesis reset** (already implemented). +- **BabyBear-on-Plonky3 does NOT preserve it** → it re-encodes the asth/ocr digest, changing the + Schnorr message bytes and **forcing a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump**. This is the *only* + wallet-crossing consequence in the whole migration, and it is driven purely by the field change, + not by the proof-system change. + +**Open `[VERIFY]` items:** +- `[VERIFY]` The exact BabyBear digest→bytes scheme (element count, limb width, padding, + domain-tag) — a Phase-9 design decision, to be specified jointly with `zk-coins/sdk` (§2, §4.2). +- `[VERIFY]` That the SDK's commitment-message construction is the sole wallet-side consumer of the + field encoding, confirmed against the `zk-coins/sdk` source before any field flip (§4.2). +- `[VERIFY]` The `Proof` serialised shape under Plonky3-Goldilocks vs Plonky3-BabyBear (FRI config, + Merkle cap height) — needed for any future *typed* proof-store schema, but irrelevant to the + reset path since blobs are wiped (§1.1, §3). diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..63471b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# Plonky3 Migration — Full Audit Summary (2026-06-06) + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Pins:** `Plonky3` @ `56952503…`, `Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d…`. +**Scope:** 13 empirical probes (T, U, V, W, X, X′, Y, Z, AA + recursion-reduction AB/AC/AD/AE — +all real proving except U, a labelled projection) + 5 engineering docs. **33 spike tests green.** + +> **HEADLINE + APPLIED RESOLUTIONS.** Three design decisions are resolved here (heuristic: +> the variant most consistent with the existing project), not left open: +> 1. **Field = BabyBear** (KoalaBear ruled out by AD). +> 2. **MAX_IN_COINS stays 8** — reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is NOT consistent +> with the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; all wallets/SDK are calibrated to 8; a UX regression +> for speed is not professional). The N=4 lever is therefore **not pursued**. +> 3. **Port (Phases 1–8) = HOLD** — this engagement is research-only by mandate; no port started. +> +> With MAX_IN_COINS kept at 8, the recommended config is **N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI**: `/api/send` +> send-prove **1.93 s = 2.25× faster** than Plonky2 (4.35 s), e2e **~7.5 s ≈ 1.3× faster** than +> the ~10 s live. The 64-bit inner FRI is a **port-phase conditional gate** (queued auditor +> recursion-composition sign-off — consistent with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit posture); +> in research mode it is not a blocker. So the wash recovers **without any UX regression**. + +## The honest verdict in one table + +| Dimension | Plonky2 (measured) | Plonky3 (measured/projected) | Verdict | +|---|---:|---:|---| +| Single state-transition warm prove | 4.35 s | **0.31 s** (T, production crypto) | **10–14× faster** ✅ | +| Recursion/aggregation 8+1, q=100 (in-circuit STARK-prove) | (included in 4.35 s) | **4.0 s** non-zk (X) | dominates 🔴 | +| `/api/send` prove, **N=8 q=100** (today, no change) | 4.35 s | **4.25 s** | wash 🟡 | +| `/api/send` prove, **N=8 q=48** (RECOMMENDED — keep 8 + 64-bit inner) | 4.35 s | **1.93 s** | **2.25× faster** ✅ | +| `/api/send` **e2e** (recommended config) | ~10 s | **~7.5 s** | **~1.3× faster** ✅ | +| *(N=4 q=48 = 1.31 s / 3.32× — NOT pursued: rejects MAX_IN_COINS=8→4 UX regression)* | | | | +| Full `/api/mint` populated e2e | ~7 s | **~3–5 s** (U, projection) | **~2× faster** ✅ | +| Cold start (build + first prove) | 14.4 s | **0.37 s** (Y) | **38.7× faster** ✅ | +| Circuit build | 8.2 s | **1.5 ms** (Y) | ~5600× ✅ | +| Peak RSS | 3.94 GB | 0.7–2.3 GB | **~2× lighter** ✅ | +| Verify (native) | — | 9.6 ms; proof **1.76 MB** (Z) | proof size is a cost ⚠️ | +| 1000-prove soak | — | +2.7 % drift, no leak (AA) | **stable** ✅ | +| Field: KoalaBear vs BabyBear | — | aggregation 2.1× slower (AD) | **stay BabyBear** | + +**Why the send was a wash — and how it recovers (without a UX regression):** the recursion +verifier is hash-dominated (in-circuit FRI/Merkle), so the per-transition small-field win +doesn't carry. The applied fix shrinks the recursion work via **fewer inner FRI queries** +(q=100→48 = 2.4×, inner soundness 116→64 bits, a port-phase auditor gate) while **keeping +MAX_IN_COINS=8** (the N=4 slot-reduction lever is rejected — it would degrade user UX for +speed). That alone lifts `/api/send` from wash to **2.25× faster prove / ~1.3× e2e**. Probe X is +a **lower bound** (carrier-proxy inner proofs are lighter than the real circuit), so +real-circuit figures may be higher; the recommended config should be re-measured on the ported +circuit during Phase 5. + +## Feasibility (unchanged GO) + +The carrier-table-chain construction (Path 1+5) **works end-to-end**: cross-layer state +threading (probe_q/r), full 8+1 aggregation STARK-prove via the low-level +`prove_all_tables` path (probe_x — upstream **#436 is not a blocker** for this route), +mixed-degree multi-table `prove_batch` under HidingFriPcs (probe_t). Public-API-only, no fork. + +## What the migration buys today — and what it doesn't + +**Buys:** 38.7× cold-start (operational restarts, scaling, dev velocity), ~2× memory, +~2× faster mint, no-leak stability, an actively-developed backend (future GPU/perf), +and the carrier construction proven sound (audit spec: Doc 3). +**Buys (with the applied resolutions — keep MAX_IN_COINS=8, 64-bit inner FRI as a port-phase +gate):** a faster `/api/send` — **2.25× prove / ~1.3× e2e**, with NO UX regression. (The richer +3.32× tier would need MAX_IN_COINS=4, which is rejected.) At today's protocol fully unchanged +(q=100) it stays a wash. Costs: 1.76 MB proofs (vs Plonky2's ~100 KB class `[VERIFY: exact +Plonky2 proof size]`), an unaudited upstream in the TCB (Doc 4), and an SDK/Schnorr-boundary +change for BabyBear (Doc 2 — Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 avoids the SDK change but forfeits most of +the field-driven speed win; KoalaBear ruled out by Probe AD). + +## The lever analysis — RESOLVED (Probes X′, AB, AC, AD, AE) + +Full detail: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`. +- **Same-vk batching (X′) — DEAD.** Independent source proofs can't share the in-circuit FRI + verifier (1.00–1.01× vs flat); the 4.1× co-proving floor is protocol-unreachable. +- **Circuit-friendly inner hash (AB) — already banked.** The baseline already uses Poseidon2 + inner-MMCS; `verify_batch_circuit` is Poseidon2-only. Zero headroom (it was never lost). +- **ZK-only-outer (AB) — ≈ 0 ms.** Hiding vs non-hiding inner verification is within noise. +- **Cheaper inner FRI (AB) — REAL, 2.4×.** q=100→48 (inner 116→64 bits). `[VERIFY-1]`: needs a + recursion-composition soundness argument (full-strength outer dominating 64-bit inners). +- **MAX_IN_COINS (AC) — REAL, near-linear (~448 ms/coin).** 8→4 ≈ halves aggregation, no + soundness question. `[VERIFY-2]`: protocol-visible (sends cap at 4 in-coins). +- **KoalaBear (AD) — RULED OUT.** Transition 1.26× faster but the dominant aggregation 2.1× + slower (20 vs 13 partial rounds in the recursion verifier). **Stay BabyBear.** +- **Composed best config (AE):** MAX_IN_COINS=4 + q=48 → send-prove **1.31 s (3.32× faster)**, + e2e **6.91 s (1.45×)**. Residual e2e floor = the **~5.6 s prover-agnostic node overhead** + (out of prover scope — a separate optimization workstream). + +**Conclusion: the send-side speed case IS recoverable WITHOUT a UX regression** — via the +64-bit inner-FRI lever alone (2.25× prove / ~1.3× e2e), keeping MAX_IN_COINS=8. The earlier +"wash" holds only at today's fully-unchanged protocol (q=100). + +## Applied resolutions (heuristic: most consistent with the existing project) + +These are **decided**, not open escalations: + +1. **Field: BabyBear** — KoalaBear ruled out by AD (aggregation 2.1× slower). Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 + avoids the SDK bump but forfeits the win. BabyBear needs a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk`/Schnorr + bump (Doc 2); on-chain `4242` format is unaffected. +2. **MAX_IN_COINS: KEEP 8** — reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is inconsistent with + the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; wallets/SDK calibrated to 8). The N=4 lever (3.32×) is **not + pursued**; a speed-for-UX trade is not professional here. +3. **64-bit inner FRI: conditional gate, queued to the port phase.** It needs a cryptographer's + recursion-composition sign-off (`[VERIFY-1]`, Doc 3 auditor checklist) — but it is consistent + with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit security posture, so it is the recommended target, gated + on that sign-off at port time. In research mode it is **not a blocker**. +4. **Port (Phases 1–8): HOLD.** This engagement is research-only by explicit mandate ("we don't + start a migration, only research"). No port was started; HOLD is the only consistent answer. + When/if a port is authorized later, it proceeds on the operational wins + (cold-start/memory/mint/stability) plus the no-UX-regression 2.25× send-prove win, with the + 64-bit inner-FRI sign-off as its first gate. + +## Artefact index + +- Probes: `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_{t,v,w,x,y,z,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae}*.rs` (+ q/r/s/x_prime and 17 earlier; 33 tests green) +- Bench memos: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-{t,u}-*.md`, `plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-*.md`, `plonky3-recursion-reduction-*.md` +- Gate memo: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (banner + §Fair Performance Comparison) +- Docs: `docs/migration/PLONKY3_{CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK,FORMAT_MIGRATION,CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC,UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE}.md` +- Plan: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (PR #211); chosen direction + e2e proof: PR #214. + +**Honesty boundary (applies to every number above):** Probes T/X/U use cost-faithful +representative workloads (right hash count, gate count, degree, commitment, fan-in) — +NOT the semantically-ported circuit (that is Phases 1–8). U is a composition of measured +parts, not a live wired service. Each artefact carries its own boundary statement. diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..13143510 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ +# Plonky3 Upstream Maintenance Plan (Doc 4) + +> **Scope.** This document governs how zkCoins consumes the **unaudited, pre-1.0, +> fast-moving** `Plonky3` and `Plonky3-recursion` git dependencies that the Plonky3 +> migration (Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting *carrier* tables) rides on. It +> covers rev pinning, the safe rev-bump procedure, pinned-rev CI, breaking-change +> detection, upstream issue/PR tracking, re-pin cadence/ownership, and the (excluded) +> fork policy. +> +> **Companion docs.** `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (the plan; §16 = hard-stop / +> no-fork rule), `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (Phase-0 gate + the 21 +> probes), `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` (the 9-path analysis → +> Path 1+5), Doc 3 (crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain). +> +> **Date:** 2026-06-06. **Status:** active for the duration of the Plonky3 port and +> for as long as the production prover depends on these git revs. + +--- + +## 1. Why pinning is mandatory + +The Plonky3 family is **not** a stable dependency, and our usage compounds every +reason to pin: + +- **Unaudited.** Neither `Plonky3` nor `Plonky3-recursion` has a published security + audit. Doc 3 audits **our** construction — the carrier-table IVC chain, the + cross-layer public-value binding, the masking/vk-binding glue — it does **not** + audit upstream's FRI, batch-STARK prover, circuit builder, or recursion verifier + internals. **The trusted computing base includes upstream code that no one has + audited.** Treat every byte of `p3-*` as load-bearing-but-unverified. +- **Pre-1.0, git-only.** The recursion crates are not on crates.io; there is no + semver contract, no release cadence, no deprecation policy. A `main`-branch HEAD + can change a public type, a trait bound, or a soundness-relevant default between + any two commits. +- **Edition 2024.** The spike crate is `edition = "2024"` + (`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml`). Edition-2024 churn (and the matching + minimum toolchain) is itself a moving target; a rev bump can raise the required + `rustc`. [VERIFY: confirm the production `rust-toolchain.toml` / CI toolchain meets + the edition-2024 minimum before the first real `program-plonky3`/`prover-plonky3` + port lands — CI is pinned to `1.81.0` today, see §3.] +- **Fast-moving.** Active maintainers, frequent commits, open redesigns. The feature + our whole approach depends on (PR #407, "support public values") merged + **2026-03-19**; the bug we route around (#436) is recent. This is a repo in motion. + +### The coupled-rev constraint (non-negotiable) + +The two revs are **not independent**. From `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml`: + +``` +Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b (HEAD 2026-06-06) +Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 +``` + +> "The Plonky3-main rev is dictated by what Plonky3-recursion was built against (its +> workspace pins exactly this rev); using any other rev would give two incompatible +> copies of the `p3-*` types and break unification." + +`Plonky3-recursion`'s own workspace pins exactly the `Plonky3`-main rev it compiles +against, and the recursion crates **share `p3-*` types** with that main rev. If we +pin a *different* `Plonky3`-main rev than the one recursion expects, Cargo resolves +**two incompatible copies** of `p3-field`, `p3-air`, `p3-commit`, etc. — types that +look identical but do not unify, producing either a hard compile error or (worse) a +silent split where a value crosses a boundary it shouldn't. **The two revs move as a +single unit. Never bump one without bumping the other to its matching partner (§2).** + +### Reproducible builds + +Pinning a git **rev** (not a branch, not a tag) plus a committed `Cargo.lock` is what +makes the prover's binary — and therefore the proofs it emits — reproducible. For a +ZK system this is a soundness-adjacent property: the exact constraint system, the +exact FRI parameters, and the exact verifier semantics are fixed by the rev. A +floating branch would let the proof format and verification semantics drift under us +between builds. **No floating branches. Ever.** + +--- + +## 2. Rev-bump strategy + +A rev bump is a **deliberate, reviewed, fully re-tested change** — never a routine +`cargo update`, never automated, never silent. + +### When to bump + +Bump only for a concrete, named reason: + +1. **Security fix.** Upstream lands a fix for a soundness or memory-safety bug that + touches a code path we use (FRI, batch-STARK prover, recursion verifier, + public-value binding). This is the only *urgent* class. +2. **A needed feature.** e.g. a future **native cross-layer public-input API** (the + ergonomic "mark circuit PI as public output" bridge described as Path 2 in + `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`) that would let us replace or simplify + the hand-built carrier-table construction; or a value-emitting NPO backend. +3. **Performance.** A measured prover speedup relevant to the ≤5 s warm-prove budget + (the budget-gating number per the spike is the link-circuit STARK-prove, ≈3.2 s + class — see `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`). + +Do **not** bump for "newer is better." A bump that buys nothing only adds unaudited +delta to the TCB. + +### How to bump SAFELY — checklist + +Run this exactly, in order. Stop at the first failure and escalate (§5/§7). + +- [ ] **1. Identify the candidate recursion rev.** Note WHY (security / feature / + perf) and link the upstream commit or PR. +- [ ] **2. Read the recursion rev's workspace to find its matching `Plonky3`-main + rev.** Open `Cargo.toml` / the workspace manifest at that recursion rev and read + the exact `Plonky3`-main rev it pins. **This is the partner rev — it is not a + free choice.** (Today: recursion `524665d…` ↔ main `5695250…`.) +- [ ] **3. Bump BOTH revs together** in every `p3-*` dependency line, recursion → its + partner main rev. Verify every `git = "…/Plonky3"` line shares one rev and every + `git = "…/Plonky3-recursion"` line shares the other. (A stray un-bumped line is + exactly the two-incompatible-copies failure from §1.) +- [ ] **4. Update `Cargo.lock`** (`cargo update -p p3-recursion --precise ` style + or regenerate) and commit it. The lock is the source of truth (§3). +- [ ] **5. Run the FULL spike suite — all 21 probes:** + `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`. All must stay green. +- [ ] **6. WATCH THE PINNED `[0,0,0]` GUARD PROBES SPECIFICALLY.** These three are + *pinned* assertions (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`) that encode the + primitive-table behavior our carrier construction reasons about: + - `probe_d_multilayer_carry` + - `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` + - `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` + + A flip in any of them means **the primitive-table / public-value plumbing + changed upstream**. That is not a test to "fix" — it is a **breaking-change + detector firing**. If one flips: STOP. Re-validate the entire carrier + construction (Doc 3 audit assumptions) against the new behavior before adopting + the bump. See §4. +- [ ] **7. Confirm `probe_q_custom_public_value` and `probe_r_carrier_chain` still + pass.** These prove the **positive** capability our approach relies on (custom-AIR + public value crosses a batch layer; the depth-4 carrier chain threads + `V_3 == V_0 + 3`). If `probe_q`/`probe_r` *break* while the `[0,0,0]` guards + *also* change, the public-values feature (PR #407) may have been reverted or + reworked — that forces a full re-evaluation of the approach (§4/§5). +- [ ] **8. Check upstream issue #436's status** (multi-layer recursion + `WitnessConflict` at layer ≥2). If our chain depth grows and #436 is still open, + re-run the deepest carrier-chain probe (`probe_r_carrier_chain`, and Probe X once + it exists — the full `MAX_IN_COINS=8` carrier chain) to confirm we don't hit it. +- [ ] **9. Re-run the real-port build** (`program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3`) and its + tests against the new pins; re-run the pinned-rev CI job (§3). +- [ ] **10. Record the bump in the decision log** (§6): old→new revs, reason, probe + results, who approved. + +Only after all ten: the bump is adopted. + +--- + +## 3. Pinned-rev CI + +Today the spike is **excluded from the root workspace** (`Cargo.toml` `exclude = +[ "spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike", … ]`) and therefore **excluded from main CI** — +the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the `node`/`shared` build. That is correct +**for the throwaway spike**. + +For the **real port**, `program-plonky3` and `prover-plonky3` will be normal +workspace members that depend on the pinned `p3-*` crates, so CI must build against +the exact pins and **fail on unexpected rev drift**. + +### Lock discipline + +- **`Cargo.lock` is committed and authoritative.** It records the resolved git rev + for every `p3-*` crate. A bump is a reviewed change to `Cargo.lock` (§2), never an + incidental side effect of an unrelated `cargo update`. +- CI builds with **`--locked`** so a dirty/regenerated lock fails the job instead of + silently resolving a new rev. + +### A pinned-rev CI job (shape) + +Add a job (e.g. `plonky3-pins`) to `.github/workflows/ci.yaml` that runs only when +`program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` or their lock entries change: + +1. **Assert the expected revs before building.** Keep the two canonical revs in one + place (a small `scripts/check-plonky3-pins.sh`, or a workflow `env` block) and grep + `Cargo.lock` for them; **fail loudly if the resolved rev differs** from the + expected pin. This is the *unexpected-drift* gate — it catches an accidental bump + that slipped past review. + + Expected pins (update these only via the §2 procedure): + ``` + PLONKY3_RECURSION_REV=524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b + PLONKY3_MAIN_REV=56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 + ``` +2. **Cache the git deps.** CI already caches `~/.cargo/registry` and **`~/.cargo/git`** + keyed on `hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock')` (see `ci.yaml`). Because the pins are exact + revs, the cache key changes **only** when the lock changes — i.e. only on a + deliberate bump — so the expensive `p3-*` git checkout + compile is cached across + normal runs. +3. **Build + test against the pins, `--locked`:** + `cargo build -p prover-plonky3 --locked` and the relevant `cargo nextest run` + targets. [VERIFY: final crate names `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` once the + port lands.] +4. **Toolchain coupling.** The job pins the same `rustc` the rest of CI uses + (`dtolnay/rust-toolchain` — `1.81.0` today). A rev bump that needs a newer edition-2024 + toolchain must bump the toolchain in the **same** PR, so the pin and the compiler + move together. [VERIFY: edition-2024 minimum vs `1.81.0`.] + +The drift gate is the point: **CI fails if the built rev is not the reviewed rev.** +A bump is then the *only* way to change what CI builds, and it goes through §2. + +--- + +## 4. Breaking-change detection + +We have a built-in canary system and a proactive drift check. Use both. + +### The regression-guard probes (canaries) + +Three probes are **pinned** to `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`: +`probe_d_multilayer_carry`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, +`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`. They assert the *current* primitive-table behavior: +that a `CircuitBuilder` circuit's public inputs and a primitive/aggregation leaf's +values are **not** surfaced as AIR public values across a batch layer. Our carrier +construction is designed precisely around that fact (it routes the threaded value +through a **custom** public-value-emitting table instead). **If a guard probe flips +red, the primitive-table behavior changed upstream and the carrier construction's +core assumption may no longer hold** — re-validate against Doc 3's audit assumptions +before trusting any proof built on the new rev. + +The positive-capability probes (`probe_q_custom_public_value`, +`probe_r_carrier_chain`) are the other half: they must stay green for the approach to +be viable at all. + +### Periodic upstream drift check (monthly) + +Independently of any planned bump, run a **monthly "upstream drift check"** to surface +breakage **early, without adopting it**: + +1. On a **throwaway branch**, bump the recursion rev to upstream **HEAD** and the main + rev to HEAD's matching partner (§2 step 2). +2. Run the full 21-probe spike suite. +3. **Read the result, do not merge.** This branch is discarded. Its only job is to + tell us, weeks ahead of time, whether an upcoming bump will: + - flip a `[0,0,0]` guard (primitive-table behavior changed), + - break `probe_q`/`probe_r` (the public-values channel changed/reverted), + - hit #436 (multi-layer `WitnessConflict`), + - or raise the toolchain / break compilation. +4. File a tracking note in the decision log (§6) with the HEAD rev tested and the + outcome. + +This converts "upstream surprised us mid-port" into "we saw it a month early." + +### Signals that force a re-evaluation + +Any one of these halts routine maintenance and triggers a design review: + +- **A guard probe flips.** Primitive-table behavior changed → re-validate the carrier + construction (Doc 3). +- **#436 gets fixed** → the high-level/multi-layer aggregation API may become usable + → reconsider whether the low-level carrier construction is still the right call (the + carrier chain exists partly to route *around* #436). +- **PR #407 gets reverted or reworked** → the public-values feature is the foundation + the **entire** Path 1+5 approach rides on; a change there means the whole approach + needs review, possibly a fallback to Path 3 (Sonobe) per the solutions research. + +--- + +## 5. Upstream issue/PR tracking + +We **depend on** one upstream change and **route around** another. Track both, and +have a process for filing new ones — **never patch in-tree** (§7). + +| Upstream item | Repo | Relationship | What it gives / costs us | Action if it changes | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| **PR #407** "feat: support public values" (merged 2026-03-19, in pinned rev `524665d`) | `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | **DEPEND ON** | The per-instance, cross-layer, soundly-bound public-value channel. The carrier construction (Path 1+5) **only exists because of this.** `probe_q` reproduces it. | If reverted/reworked: STOP. Whole approach under review (§4). Re-evaluate Path 3 (Sonobe) fallback. | +| **#436** "Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2" (closed without MRE) | `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | **AVOID** | The high-level aggregation API bug the carrier chain is built to sidestep. Our carrier chain (`probe_r`) threads explicitly to avoid relying on the broken path. | If genuinely **fixed**: re-evaluate using the high-level API directly (it may simplify or replace the carrier construction). Until then, keep validating our chain doesn't hit it as depth grows. | + +[VERIFY: confirm #436's current state (closed/open, fixed or not) before each +re-evaluation — it was "closed without MRE" as of the solutions research.] + +### Filing NEW upstream issues (the no-fork process) + +When the port hits an upstream gap, bug, or missing-feature: + +1. **STOP** — do not patch `p3-*` in-tree, do not vendor, do not fork (§7). +2. **Reproduce minimally** — a small probe or MRE in the spike crate (the spike is the + right home for upstream-facing reproductions). +3. **File upstream** against `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` (or `Plonky3/Plonky3`), with + the MRE and the exact pinned rev. (Active maintainers; the repo responds.) +4. **Record** the issue/PR number in the tracking table and the decision log (§6). +5. **Escalate to the operator** if the gap blocks the port — the decision to wait, + re-architect (Path 3), or commission a self-authored upstream PR (Path 2) is an + **operator decision**, not an in-tree workaround. + +--- + +## 6. Re-pin cadence + ownership + +- **Owner.** The Plonky3-migration maintainer owns the pin: the rev pair, the bump + procedure (§2), the monthly drift check (§4), the upstream tracking table (§5), and + the decision log. [VERIFY: assign a named CODEOWNERS entry for + `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` / `docs/migration/` and the pinned-rev CI job.] +- **Review cadence.** Re-review the pin **monthly**, coinciding with the drift check + (§4). Bump only on a §2 trigger — monthly review does **not** mean monthly bumping; + most months should conclude "HEAD tested in throwaway, no reason to bump, staying on + `524665d`/`5695250`." +- **Decision log.** Append-only, in this directory: + `docs/migration/PLONKY3_PIN_DECISIONS.md` [VERIFY: create on first bump]. Each entry: + date · old→new rev pair · trigger (security/feature/perf/drift-check) · 21-probe + result (esp. the three `[0,0,0]` guards + `probe_q`/`probe_r`) · #436 status · who + approved. The drift-check (no-bump) results land here too, so the log is the single + history of "what upstream was doing and what we did about it." + +--- + +## 7. Fork policy — forking is EXCLUDED + +**Forking `Plonky3` or `Plonky3-recursion` is out of scope, per +`../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16 (hard-stop / no-fork rule).** This is restated in the +spike result's escape-route analysis and in the solutions research (Path 8 — "Fork + +maintain" — surfaced only for completeness, ⚠️ excluded by §16, inferior to Path 1+5 +which needs no fork and Path 2 which upstreams the change). + +Concretely: + +- **No in-tree patches** to `p3-*` crates. No `[patch.crates-io]` / `[patch."https://…"]` + pointing at a private fork. No vendored-and-edited copies. +- An upstream gap is handled by the §5 process: **STOP → reproduce → file upstream → + escalate to the operator.** The carrier construction (Path 1+5) was chosen + *specifically* because it needs no fork — everything it touches is public/unsealed + API on the pinned rev. +- **If upstream truly blocks the port** (a guard probe flips and the carrier + construction can't be re-validated; #407 is reverted; a needed fix never lands), the + resolution is an **operator decision** among: hold on the current pin, pursue the + Path 2 self-authored *upstream* PR, or switch to the Path 3 (Sonobe) IVC fallback — + **never a silent fork.** Protocol-touching or verification-semantics-touching + changes are an explicit §16 STOP-and-escalate. + +--- + +### Quick reference — the canonical pin + +``` +Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b +Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 +``` + +Bump only via §2. Verified in CI via §3. Watched via §4 (the `[0,0,0]` guards: +`probe_d_multilayer_carry`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, +`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`). Logged via §6. Never forked (§7). diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5cecae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +# Probe T — real-circuit Plonky3 prove-cost estimate (the migration decision number) + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory. +**Date:** 2026-06-06. +**Toolchain:** `RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native"`, `--release`. NEON-packed BabyBear +(`PackedMontyField31Neon`), 18 rayon threads. +**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`, +`Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`. +**Test:** `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs`, +`fn probe_t_real_circuit_bench` (`cargo nextest run probe_t_real_circuit_bench +--release --no-capture`). + +## What this is — and the proxy boundary (NOT blurred) + +This is the best **honest measured** estimate of the real zkCoins +state-transition circuit's Plonky3 prove cost under **TRUE production crypto**. + +The real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2 (`program-plonky2/src/circuit/`: +`main.rs` 3882, `smt.rs`, `sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, `source_aggregator.rs`, +`merkle/`). Probe T does **NOT** port that business logic. It builds a +**cost-faithful representative workload** that reproduces the real circuit's +prove-cost DRIVERS — Poseidon2 hash count (~4500), non-hash gate count (~50k), +committed trace area, constraint degree (degree-7), and the ZK commitment +scheme — but **not** its meaning (no balance conservation, nullifier +uniqueness, or SMT-membership semantics). Prove cost in a FRI-STARK is governed +by trace dimensions x constraint degree x commitment scheme, which this +matches; business-logic constraints add gates *within* these tables without +changing the cost class. **It is a cost proxy, an explicit non-proxy for +soundness.** + +## Production-crypto config (reused verbatim from Probe V, confirmed to verify at degree-7) + +- AIR (hash table): `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, + VECTOR_LEN=8>`, cryptographic BabyBear round counts (4 half-full, 13 partial). +- MMCS: `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` over the Keccak sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), `SmallRng` masking. +- PCS: `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>`, `num_random_codewords = 4` (**TRUE ZK**). +- Challenger: `SerializingChallenger32>`. +- FRI: `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup 2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW). +- Field BabyBear, challenge `BinomialExtensionField`. + +## Table model + +1. **Hash table** = the degree-7 Poseidon2 AIR sized to ~4500 perms. At + `VECTOR_LEN = 8` perms/row that is ceil(4500/8) = 563 rows, rounded up to the + next power of two = **1024 rows** (8192 perms of capacity; the real count sits + just under). Fixed across the sweep. +2. **Non-hash arithmetic table** = a generic 16-column AIR with 12 + constraints/row (8 degree-3 `x^3` identities + 4 linear couplings) modelling + the ~50k non-hash gates. **Degree 3, deliberately:** the real circuit's + non-hash gates (range/boolean checks, Merkle/SMT path equalities, field + add/mul) are almost all degree 2–3; the degree-7 cost lives in the Poseidon2 + hash table, which is modelled with the real degree-7 AIR. (A raw `x^7` + identity in a plain AIR is also not committable under this FRI config — + blowup 2 caps constraint degree; the vectorized Poseidon2 AIR only reaches + degree 7 via per-S-box witness registers.) The table HEIGHT is **swept** over + {2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16} to **bracket** the unknown real layout. + +## Combination approach (a/b/c) — finding + +**Approach (a): real multi-table `prove_batch` (p3-batch-stark) WORKS with +HidingFriPcs + degree-7.** This is the empirical key result. A single batched +FRI proof over the degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table **and** the degree-3 arithmetic +table, under the Keccak-hiding MMCS + `HidingFriPcs` (`num_random_codewords=4`) +config, **prove_batch + verify_batch succeed**. batch-stark requires one +`Air + Clone` type for all instances and a `Val`-concrete builder; the +non-`Clone` `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` is wrapped in `Arc` behind a dispatch enum +(`TableAir`), with zero semantic change. Mixed per-instance constraint degrees +(7 for the hash table, 3 for the arith table) are handled natively by +batch-stark's per-instance quotient sizing. **(a) is the faithful production +proof shape and is the headline number.** + +**Approach (b): separate proofs, summed** = the hash table and the arith table +proved as two independent uni-stark proofs, warm times summed. Two separate +proofs cost strictly more than one batched proof (duplicated FRI +commit/query/PoW), so (b) is a conservative **upper bound**. Reported as a +sanity rail. (b) ≈ (a) here because the hash table is tiny (1024 rows) so +batching saves little FRI overhead at this scale — both land within ~1–2 %. + +Approach (c) (single combined AIR) was unnecessary given (a) verifies. + +## Results (warm, p50/p90; all proofs verify) + +One-time **config + AIR build: 0.07 ms** — the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's cold +circuit-build (**8.2 s** on the same host). Plonky3 has no circuit-compilation +step. This alone removes the entire Plonky2 cold-build tax. + +Hash table standalone: cold 189 ms / warm p50 **174.7 ms** / p90 193.5 ms / +RSS 562 MB. + +| arith height | constraints | (a) build | (a) cold | (a) warm p50 | (a) warm p90 | (a) RSS | (b) sum p50 (upper bound) | +|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| 2^13 | 98 304 | 0.6 ms | 309.8 ms | **311.9 ms** | 335.5 ms | 1135 MB | 317.5 ms | +| 2^14 | 196 608 | 0.6 ms | 445.3 ms | **448.7 ms** | 465.4 ms | 1726 MB | 448.1 ms | +| 2^15 | 393 216 | 0.6 ms | 732.1 ms | **734.7 ms** | 741.5 ms | 1856 MB | 738.1 ms | +| 2^16 | 786 432 | 0.7 ms | 1321.1 ms | **1306.7 ms** | 1314.6 ms | 2089 MB | 1289.9 ms | + +(The 786 432-constraint / 2^16 row case ran in full; no OOM, RSS ≈ 2.1 GB, well +under the 128 GB budget. The 5-warm-run protocol was kept at all sizes.) + +## Net vs Plonky2 (4.35 s warm p50, 3.94 GB) + +Primary estimate = (a) batched warm p50. + +| arith height | (a) warm p50 | verdict | factor | +|---:|---:|:--|---:| +| 2^13 | 311.9 ms | **FASTER** | 13.95x | +| 2^14 | 448.7 ms | **FASTER** | 9.69x | +| 2^15 | 734.7 ms | **FASTER** | 5.92x | +| 2^16 | 1306.7 ms | **FASTER** | 3.33x | + +Plonky3+BabyBear under true production crypto is **faster across the entire +sweep**, including the deliberately-inflated 2^16 ceiling. RSS is also lower at +every size (1.1–2.1 GB vs Plonky2's 3.94 GB). + +## Bottom line (honest) + +The real circuit's ~50k non-hash gates already fit **below** the sweep's LOW +end: at arith height 2^13 the table carries 98 304 constraints (> 50k), so the +real non-hash committed area sits between **2^13 and 2^14**. Taking **2^13 as +the realistic anchor** and 2^14 as a safe upper estimate: + +> **At the most likely real layout (arith ~2^13–2^14), Plonky3 + BabyBear under +> TRUE production crypto (degree-7 Poseidon2 + Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs, +> num_random_codewords=4) proves the real-circuit-equivalent workload in ≈ 312 ms +> warm p50 (≈ 449 ms at the 2^14 upper estimate), versus Plonky2's 4350 ms. +> That is ~10–14x FASTER, with ~2–3x lower peak memory, plus a near-zero +> circuit-build (0.07 ms vs 8.2 s).** + +This is a genuine win, not spin: it holds at every swept size and the realistic +layer sits at the fastest end of the sweep. The result is also conservative — +(b)'s independent-proof upper bound agrees with (a) to within ~1–2 %. + +### Caveats (the proxy boundary, restated) + +- **Cost proxy, not a port.** This measures prove cost for a workload with the + real circuit's hash count, gate count, area, degree, and ZK commitment — not + the real statement. Business-logic constraints (balance, nullifiers, SMT + membership) add gates *within* these tables; they do not change the trace area + or degree class, so the cost estimate holds, but soundness/correctness of the + real statement is out of scope here (covered by the semantic-port probes). +- **Hash count is an anchor (~4500), rounded up to 1024 rows (8192-perm + capacity).** If the real port needs materially more perms, the hash table + grows by power-of-two steps; each step roughly doubles the hash-table prove + time (still small in absolute terms at this scale). +- **Arith degree = 3.** If a non-negligible fraction of the real non-hash gates + turn out higher-degree, they would need the same witness-register decomposition + the Poseidon2 AIR uses; the cost effect is bounded and stays inside the swept + area bracket. +- **`SmallRng` masking** is benchmark-only; production hiding needs a CSPRNG. + This does not change prove cost. + +### Levers (only relevant if a future, heavier real layout flips the verdict — none needed today) + +All circuit-side, never external hardware: fewer Poseidon2 hashes; smaller +`MAX_IN_COINS`; circuit-level constraint optimization; the KoalaBear field; or +dropping in-coin recursion. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d933040a --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# Probe U — end-to-end `/api/send` + `/api/mint` Plonky3 projection (M5 Max) + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Date:** 2026-06-06. +**Status:** PROJECTION, not a live measurement. See honesty boundary below. + +## Honesty boundary — why this is a projection, not a live swap + +The literal task ("port the HTTP handler prove-path, replace the prover, measure +end-to-end against Mutinynet") requires a **working ported Plonky3 prover wired into +the node service**. That prover does not exist — building it is migration Phases 1–8 +(weeks; the real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2). There is nothing to plug into +`/api/send` yet. So Probe U **composes measured parts** into an honest end-to-end +estimate rather than faking a live number: + +- **prove cost** = measured Probes T (single transition) + X (8+1 recursion/aggregation), under BabyBear + production crypto. +- **node overhead** (network, state read/write, SMT/MMR growth, Bitcoin broadcast, signing round-trip) = derived from the measured Plonky2 live-vs-prove gap. + +## Measured inputs + +| Quantity | Value | Source | +|---|---|---| +| Plonky2 warm full-prove (MAX_IN_COINS=8) p50 | 4.35 s | `probe_r2` (README baseline) | +| Plonky2 live `/api/send` populated p50 | ~10 s | README baseline | +| Plonky2 live `/api/mint` populated p50 | ~7 s | README baseline | +| ⇒ **node overhead (send)** = 10 − 4.35 | **≈ 5.6 s** | derived | +| Plonky3 single state-transition (Probe T, non-zk) | 0.31 s | `probe_t_real_circuit_bench` | +| Plonky3 recursion/aggregation 8+1 (Probe X, non-zk) | 4.0 s | `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | +| Plonky3 recursion/aggregation 8+1 (Probe X, zk/hiding) | 6.7 s | `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | + +The node overhead is **prover-agnostic** (it's I/O + chain + crypto-signing, unchanged +by the proof backend), so it carries across unchanged. + +## Projection + +**`/api/send` (populated, 8 in-coins → recursion-heavy):** + +| Backend | prove | + overhead | **e2e** | vs Plonky2 ~10 s | +|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| Plonky2 (today) | 4.35 s | 5.6 s | **~10 s** | 1× | +| Plonky3 non-zk | 0.31 + 4.0 = 4.3 s | 5.6 s | **~9.9 s** | ~wash | +| Plonky3 zk (hiding) | 0.31 + 6.7 = 7.0 s | 5.6 s | **~12.6 s** | **slower** | + +**`/api/mint` (few/no source in-coins → recursion-LIGHT):** mint does not aggregate 8 +source proofs, so the Probe-X aggregation cost mostly does not apply — the mint prove +is dominated by the single transition (Probe T class) plus at most the IVC predecessor +verify (1, not 8+1). Estimate the mint prove at ~0.3–1.5 s (T + one IVC verify) rather +than the full 4 s aggregation: + +| Backend | prove (est.) | + overhead (~2.6 s) | **e2e** | vs Plonky2 ~7 s | +|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| Plonky2 (today) | ~4.4 s | 2.6 s | **~7 s** | 1× | +| Plonky3 non-zk | ~0.3–1.5 s | 2.6 s | **~3–4 s** | **~2× faster** | +| Plonky3 zk | ~0.5–2.5 s | 2.6 s | **~3–5 s** | faster | + +(Mint overhead ≈ 7 − 4.4 ≈ 2.6 s; mint touches less state than send.) + +## Honest verdict + +- **`/api/send` is recursion-dominated → roughly a WASH (non-zk) or SLOWER (zk).** The + per-transition 10–14× win (Probe T) is consumed by the 8-way in-circuit aggregation + (Probe X). With the real Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier than the carrier proxy), + the full send likely tips **slower** than Plonky2. +- **`/api/mint` is recursion-light → likely ~2× faster.** This is a real e2e win. +- **Cold-start (Probe Y) is 38.7× faster** regardless of operation — no circuit-build. +- The user-facing headline latency (`/api/send`) is therefore **not improved by the + migration today**; the wins are cold-start, memory, mint, and future-proofing. + +## The decisive lever (future work) + +Probe X used a **flat 8+1** in-circuit verification (sum of 9 verifier areas). The +single biggest recovery lever is **batching the 8 source-proof verifications into one +shared verifier table / one FRI instance** instead of 9 independent ones, and/or +reducing `MAX_IN_COINS`. If the aggregation cost can be cut ~3–4×, the full send flips +to a clear win. This is the highest-value next probe (call it Probe X′) and should be +run before committing to the migration on speed grounds. Other levers: KoalaBear, +dropping in-coin recursion, circuit-level hash reduction — never external hardware. + +## Caveats +- Projection composes independent measurements; a real wired prover may differ (shared + setup, witness-gen overlap). Treat ±20% as the band. +- The carrier proxy's inner proofs are lighter than the real circuit → Probe X is a + **lower bound** on the real recursion cost → the send verdict is, if anything, + optimistic. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8886e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# Plonky3 recursion-cost reduction — pre-port research (Probes AB/AC/AD/AE) + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Date:** 2026-06-06. **Field:** BabyBear (NEON-packed), 18 threads. +**Question:** the full-audit verdict left `/api/send` a **wash** (recursion-dominated, Probe X: +8+1 aggregation = 4.0 s). Can any lever pull it out — without starting the port? + +## Answer: YES — staged by condition. The send-side speed case is recoverable. + +| Config | Aggregation | Send-prove (T + agg) | vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm | e2e send vs ~10 s live | Condition | +|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---| +| N=8, q=100 (today's protocol, full strength) | 3.94 s | 4.25 s | **wash (1.02×)** | wash | none | +| N=4, q=100 *(NOT pursued — UX regression rejected)* | 1.95 s | 2.26 s | 1.9× | 1.27× | protocol: MAX_IN_COINS 8→4 | +| **N=8, q=48 (RECOMMENDED — keep MAX_IN_COINS=8)** | 1.62 s | **1.93 s** | **2.25× faster** | **~1.3×** | auditor gate (port phase): 64-bit inner FRI | +| N=4, q=48 *(NOT pursued, Probe AE composed)* | 1.00 s | 1.31 s | 3.32× | 1.45× (6.91 s) | both above | +| N=1, q=48 (floor) | 0.40 s | 0.71 s | — | 1.58× (floor) | both + heavy UX cost | + +The AE number is a real composed measurement (both proves back-to-back per timed iteration, +transition half TRUE ZK via HidingFriPcs; all proofs verified), not a sum of estimates +(batch-vs-sum delta < 5% — the two STARK stacks share no FRI work, so the sum is honest). + +## Per-lever findings (each isolated empirically) + +1. **cheaper-inner-FRI (Probe AB) — THE effective lever: 2.4×.** Inner-proof FRI queries drive + the in-circuit Merkle-opening count ~linearly: q=100→48 gives 2.41× (inner soundness + 116→64 conjectured bits), q→30 gives 3.97× (46 bits — data point only, NOT deployable). + `[VERIFY-1]` the recursion composition argument (full-strength outer dominating 64-bit + inners) needs a cryptographer's sign-off before deployment (Doc 3 auditor checklist). +2. **MAX_IN_COINS sweep (Probe AC) — near-linear protocol lever.** ≈ 448 ms/source-coin over a + ≈ 350 ms fixed base (IVC predecessor + NPO tables). 8→4 halves the aggregation. No + soundness question — purely the protocol/UX decision `[VERIFY-2]`: sends cap at 4 in-coins + (wallets consolidate first or split the send). +3. **Poseidon2 inner-MMCS (Probe AB) — already banked, zero headroom.** The Probe-X baseline + ALREADY commits inner proofs with the field-native Poseidon2 MMCS; `verify_batch_circuit` + is Poseidon2-only (a Keccak-MMCS inner proof cannot be verified in-circuit at all on this + rev). The hoped-for "circuit-friendly hash" win was never lost. +4. **ZK-only-outer (Probe AB) — ≈ 0 ms.** Hiding-vs-non-hiding inner verification measures + 0.98–1.04× (within noise; +900 MB RSS for hiding inners). Adopt-or-not is free either way. +5. **KoalaBear (Probe AD) — ruled OUT, decisively.** Split result: transition 1.26× FASTER + (native degree-3 S-box, narrower leaf table), but the dominant 8+1 aggregation **2.1× + SLOWER** — its recursion-verifier Poseidon2 runs 20 partial rounds vs BabyBear's 13, and + 2-adicity 24 < 27. Both fields NEON-pack identically. **Stay on BabyBear.** + +## The residual bound + +Below ~1 s aggregation the e2e send is **dominated by the ≈ 5.6 s prover-agnostic node +overhead** (state/SMT, broadcast, signing round-trip — measured as live-minus-prove on +Plonky2). The circuit/protocol levers cannot touch it; the e2e floor is ≈ 6.3 s until the +node path itself is optimized (out of prover scope, separate workstream). + +## Revised migration verdict — APPLIED RESOLUTIONS (supersedes the "wash" headline) + +Decisions applied per the consistency heuristic (not open escalations): +- **MAX_IN_COINS: KEEP 8.** Reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is inconsistent with + the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; wallets/SDK calibrated to 8). N=4 rows above are measured + data, NOT pursued. +- **RECOMMENDED config: N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI (q=48):** send-prove **1.93 s = 2.25× faster**, + e2e **~7.5 s ≈ 1.3× faster** — recovery WITHOUT a UX regression. The 64-bit inner FRI is a + **port-phase conditional gate** (queued auditor recursion-composition sign-off; consistent + with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit posture) — not a research blocker. +- **Field: BabyBear** (KoalaBear ruled out by AD; Goldilocks forfeits the field-driven win and + only avoids the SDK bump, Doc 2). +- **Port (Phases 1–8): HOLD** — research-only mandate; no port started. + +Tests: `probe_ab_recursion_friendly`, `probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep`, `probe_ad_koalabear`, +`probe_ae_best_config` (33 spike tests green). Shapes are flat single-aggregator-layer — +a 2-to-1 tree costs strictly more, so all figures are conservative lower bounds. Probes are +cost-faithful proxies, not the semantic port (Phases 1–8); no port was started. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18cb7652 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +# Plonky3 vs Plonky2 — FAIR prover-speed comparison (Probe S) + +> ⚠️ **CORRECTION (Probes V + W).** This file's numbers use a **degree-3 S-box** and +> a **blowup-2 zk-PROXY**. Both understate the real production cost. Probe V measured +> the cryptographic **degree-7** S-box = **1.66–1.69×** slower than degree-3 (low end of +> the estimate below — confirmed). Probe W measured **true `HidingFriPcs`** = **2.9–3.0×** +> slower than the blowup-2 proxy — i.e. the proxy was ~3× too fast, NOT a "small additive +> term" as claimed in §caveat 4 below. Combined ≈ **5×** on the headline numbers here. Under +> the true production config (degree-7 + HidingFriPcs) Plonky3 is **3.07× faster at the +> ~2^13 hash-matched size but SLOWER at 2^16** (0.36×). Net circuit verdict pending Probe T. +> See `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` §"Fair Performance Comparison" + `probe_v_degree7_bench`/`probe_w_hiding_fri`. + +**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory, aarch64, macOS. +**Date:** 2026-06-06. +**Toolchain:** `cargo nextest run --release`, `RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native"`. +**Test:** `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs`. +**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`, +`Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`. + +## TL;DR + +**Plonky3 (BabyBear, production-tuned FRI, NEON SIMD packing) is faster than +Plonky2 (Goldilocks) at every measured point — by 4–61×, with 5–51× lower peak +RSS.** The performance thesis of the migration holds with a large margin, even +at a hash-saturated workload doing ~14× the real circuit's Poseidon work. + +At the fairest point (hash-matched, ~4500 Poseidon hashes ≈ the real circuit): +- non-zk FRI: **71 ms** vs Plonky2 4350 ms → **61× faster**, **51× less RSS**. +- zk-proxy FRI (blowup 2): **128 ms** → **34× faster**, **19× less RSS**. + +Even at the hash-saturated upper bound (2^16 perms, ~14× the real hash work): +- non-zk: **570 ms** → **7.6× faster**. +- zk-proxy: **1042 ms** → **4.2× faster**. + +## Why earlier probes (I/R) did NOT answer this + +Probes I/R measured a **recursion** overhead in **Goldilocks** with **untuned +FRI** (low-security testing params). They were a recursion-feasibility check, +not a production-prover timing. They deliberately did not exercise the levers +the migration's speed thesis rests on: the 31-bit BabyBear field, SIMD field +packing, and production-tuned FRI. Probe S measures exactly those. + +## Configuration (apples-to-apples vs Plonky2) + +| Axis | Plonky3 (Probe S) | Plonky2 (baseline) | +|---|---|---| +| Field | BabyBear (31-bit) + `BinomialExtensionField<_, 4>` | Goldilocks (64-bit) | +| Packing | NEON `PackedMontyField31Neon` (confirmed at runtime) | — | +| Hash / Merkle | Poseidon2 MMCS (sponge w24 / compress w16) | Poseidon Merkle caps | +| FRI | `new_benchmark` (blowup 1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW) and `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup 2) | production FRI | +| DFT | `Radix2DitParallel` | — | +| AIR | non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air`, 1 perm/row | real state-transition circuit | +| Threads | 18 (M5 Max) | 18 | + +### Runtime confirmation (printed by the test) + +- `BabyBear::Packing = p3_monty_31::aarch64_neon::packing::PackedMontyField31Neon` — SIMD packing **active** (not the trivial `[BabyBear; 1]`). +- Threads available: **18**. +- DFT: `Radix2DitParallel` (parallel production DFT). + +## Measured numbers (warm, 1 untimed warmup + 5 timed `prove()` runs, p50) + +| n_hashes | rows | FRI | trace_gen ms | p50 ms | min ms | max ms | peak RSS MB | +|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| 4 500 | 8 192 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 8.4 | **71.1** | 70.6 | 71.1 | 76.2 | +| 4 500 | 8 192 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 4.6 | **127.8** | 127.3 | 128.4 | 209.4 | +| 32 768 | 32 768 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 17.5 | **303.1** | 301.6 | 303.3 | 296.3 | +| 32 768 | 32 768 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 17.5 | **522.3** | 521.2 | 522.8 | 421.3 | +| 65 536 | 65 536 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 34.0 | **569.8** | 568.0 | 571.1 | 462.4 | +| 65 536 | 65 536 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 35.2 | **1041.5** | 1040.9 | 1045.4 | 694.5 | +| **PLONKY2** | ~65 536 | baseline (Goldilocks, real circuit) | — | **4350.0** | — | — | **3900** | + +(Plonky2 baseline: `prove_warm_p50_ms = 4350`, `peak_rss_kb = 3 937 504` +(≈ 3.9 GB), from `m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md` — same M5 Max host.) + +`prove()` alone is the timed region (the part comparable to Plonky2's prove +time). Trace generation is measured separately and reported in the table; +config / round-constant / PCS construction is setup and excluded. + +## Speedup factors vs Plonky2 (4.35 s / 3.9 GB) + +| n_hashes | FRI | speedup (×) | RSS ratio (×) | verdict | +|---:|---|---:|---:|---| +| 4 500 | non-zk | **61.2** | 51.2 | FASTER | +| 4 500 | zk proxy | **34.0** | 18.6 | FASTER | +| 32 768 | non-zk | **14.3** | 13.2 | FASTER | +| 32 768 | zk proxy | **8.3** | 9.3 | FASTER | +| 65 536 | non-zk | **7.6** | 8.4 | FASTER | +| 65 536 | zk proxy | **4.2** | 5.6 | FASTER | + +## Honest apples-to-apples caveats + +1. **Hash saturation.** The `num_hashes = 2^16` upper bound does ~14× the real + circuit's ~4500 Poseidon hashes; the `4500` row is the fair hash-matched + point and the `32768` row brackets in between. Even the saturated point is + 4–7× faster, so the verdict is robust to the saturation caveat. +2. **AIR shape.** Probe S proves a pure Poseidon2 AIR (one permutation per + row). The real circuit also has ~50k non-hash gates; those add trace + columns and lookups not modelled here. The hash-matched row understates the + real circuit's column count somewhat, but the prover cost is dominated by + the DFT/Merkle/FRI over the trace *area*, and BabyBear's packing + small + field win on every column regardless of constraint kind. +3. **S-box degree.** Uses the degree-3 S-box (`x^3`), exactly as Plonky3's own + non-vectorized BabyBear Poseidon2 end-to-end tests do (their comment: the + AIR test "validates the proof system, not the hash function's security + parameters"). At this pinned rev the non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air` with the + cryptographic degree-7 S-box fails verification (`OodEvaluationMismatch`) + under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + `DuplexChallenger` path + (the working upstream degree-7 example uses the *vectorized* AIR + Keccak + MMCS + `HidingFriPcs`). Verified by bisection. **Honest magnitude:** the + S-box degree sets the constraint degree, hence the quotient-polynomial degree + (`log_num_quotient_chunks = log2_ceil(deg-1)`): degree-3 → 2 quotient chunks + (quotient domain 2N), degree-7 → 8 chunks (8N). With `SBOX_REGISTERS=0` the + column count is unchanged, so degree-7 inflates ONLY the quotient stage + (quotient-domain LDE + constraint eval + chunk Merkle commit) ~4×, leaving the + trace commit and FRI untouched — a worst-case total prove inflation of roughly + **1.5–2.5× (up to ~3× if quotient eval dominates more than estimated)**, NOT + "negligible". This does not threaten the conclusion: applying a full 3× to the + weakest point (the 4.2× zk-saturated row) still leaves Plonky3 ~1.4× ahead, and + the fair hash-matched point degrades only from 61×/34× to ~20×/~11×. Note the + Plonky2 baseline uses Goldilocks-Poseidon's own degree-7 S-box, so this gap + flatters Plonky3 in exactly one (bounded-above) direction. Degree-3 is thus a + prover-speed proxy whose headline is an over-estimate of the speedup by at most + ~3×, with the migration verdict robust across that whole range. +4. **ZK-ness.** zkCoins proofs are zero-knowledge. The `new_benchmark_zk` + (blowup 2) rows are the zk-apples-to-apples FRI point, run on the plain + `TwoAdicFriPcs` as a *timing proxy* (blowup 2 drives the dominant FRI/Merkle + cost; the random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive + term). A full `HidingFriPcs` measurement is a follow-up; the proxy already + clears the 4.35 s budget by 4×+ at the worst point. +5. **Field.** BabyBear (31-bit) vs Goldilocks (64-bit) is the intended + migration delta, not a confound — the whole point is to switch to the + smaller field where packing pays off. + +## How to reproduce + +``` +cd spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike +RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native" cargo nextest run probe_s_fair_bench --release --no-capture +``` diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock index b1d29afe..765db8df 100644 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock @@ -53,6 +53,31 @@ version = "1.2.0" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "790eea4361631c5e7d22598ecd5723ff611904e3344ce8720784c93e3d83d40b" +[[package]] +name = "crossbeam-deque" +version = "0.8.6" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "9dd111b7b7f7d55b72c0a6ae361660ee5853c9af73f70c3c2ef6858b950e2e51" +dependencies = [ + "crossbeam-epoch", + "crossbeam-utils", +] + +[[package]] +name = "crossbeam-epoch" +version = "0.9.18" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "5b82ac4a3c2ca9c3460964f020e1402edd5753411d7737aa39c3714ad1b5420e" +dependencies = [ + "crossbeam-utils", +] + +[[package]] +name = "crossbeam-utils" +version = "0.8.21" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28" + [[package]] name = "crunchy" version = "0.2.4" @@ -149,6 +174,12 @@ dependencies = [ "either", ] +[[package]] +name = "libc" +version = "0.2.186" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "68ab91017fe16c622486840e4c83c9a37afeff978bd239b5293d61ece587de66" + [[package]] name = "lock_api" version = "0.4.14" @@ -749,7 +780,9 @@ name = "plonky3-recursion-spike" version = "0.0.0" dependencies = [ "bincode", + "libc", "p3-air", + "p3-baby-bear", "p3-batch-stark", "p3-challenger", "p3-circuit", @@ -759,9 +792,13 @@ dependencies = [ "p3-field", "p3-fri", "p3-goldilocks", + "p3-keccak", + "p3-koala-bear", "p3-lookup", "p3-matrix", "p3-merkle-tree", + "p3-poseidon2", + "p3-poseidon2-air", "p3-poseidon2-circuit-air", "p3-recursion", "p3-symmetric", @@ -769,6 +806,7 @@ dependencies = [ "p3-uni-stark", "p3-util", "rand", + "rayon", ] [[package]] @@ -817,6 +855,26 @@ version = "0.10.1" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "63b8176103e19a2643978565ca18b50549f6101881c443590420e4dc998a3c69" +[[package]] +name = "rayon" +version = "1.12.0" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "fb39b166781f92d482534ef4b4b1b2568f42613b53e5b6c160e24cfbfa30926d" +dependencies = [ + "either", + "rayon-core", +] + +[[package]] +name = "rayon-core" +version = "1.13.0" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "22e18b0f0062d30d4230b2e85ff77fdfe4326feb054b9783a3460d8435c8ab91" +dependencies = [ + "crossbeam-deque", + "crossbeam-utils", +] + [[package]] name = "rustc_version" version = "0.4.1" diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml index a040688c..9acf908b 100644 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml @@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ p3-circuit-prover = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev p3-poseidon2-circuit-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } # Plonky3 core crates @ the exact rev Plonky3-recursion is built against. +# Probe S (fair BabyBear prover-speed benchmark) deps, same Plonky3-main rev. +p3-baby-bear = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-poseidon2 = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +p3-poseidon2-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } + p3-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-batch-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-challenger = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } @@ -41,6 +46,13 @@ p3-dft = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a6298 p3-field = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-fri = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-goldilocks = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +# Probe AD (KoalaBear-vs-BabyBear field comparison): KoalaBear is the other +# candidate 31-bit Plonky3 field (p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1, 2-adicity 24, native +# Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 3 — vs BabyBear's degree 7). Same pinned Plonky3 rev. +p3-koala-bear = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } +# Probe V/W: degree-7 cryptographic S-box path uses the Keccak byte-hash MMCS +# (the working upstream `prove_poseidon2_baby_bear_keccak_zk.rs` recipe). +p3-keccak = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-lookup = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-matrix = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } p3-merkle-tree = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } @@ -51,6 +63,10 @@ p3-util = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a629 rand = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false } # Proof serialization round-trip (Probe P) — the node persists proof blobs. bincode = "1.3" +# Probe S: peak-RSS measurement via getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF). +libc = "0.2" +# Probe T: report the active rayon thread-pool width alongside the bench. +rayon = "1.10" # Reuse the upstream Goldilocks param bundle (F, Perm, MyHash, MyMmcs, # MyConfig, DIGEST_ELEMS, WIDTH, RATE, …) so the spike's config matches diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bbf6ab40 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs @@ -0,0 +1,612 @@ +//! Probe AA — SUSTAINED-LOAD soak: memory-leak + latency-drift detection. +//! +//! # What this probe answers +//! +//! "If the zkCoins node proves the representative circuit back-to-back for a +//! long time in ONE process — as a busy production prover would — does memory +//! grow without bound (a leak), or does per-proof latency drift upward +//! (allocator fragmentation, cache thrash, thread-pool degradation)? Or does it +//! reach a stable plateau?" +//! +//! A warm steady-state p50 (Probe T) says nothing about stability over +//! thousands of proofs. This probe runs a LARGE number of consecutive +//! `prove_batch` calls of the Probe T representative circuit in a single +//! process and samples: +//! +//! * **per-prove latency** for every proof, to compute p50/p90/p99 AND the +//! first-100-avg vs last-100-avg drift (an upward trend = degradation); +//! * **peak RSS** (`getrusage`, high-water mark) AND **current RSS** +//! (`proc_pidinfo` / `PROC_PIDTASKINFO` on macOS) sampled at intervals, to +//! distinguish a true leak (the steady-state RSS *band* grows monotonically) +//! from a healthy plateau (RSS rises to a working-set ceiling then oscillates +//! within a flat band as each prove's transient buffers cycle). +//! +//! ## Why a single first-vs-last sample is the wrong leak statistic +//! +//! A FRI prover's working set OSCILLATES: every prove allocates large transient +//! buffers (trace LDE, quotient polynomial, FRI folding layers) and frees them, +//! so an instantaneous current-RSS reading lands anywhere in a wide band (here +//! ~1.9-4.0 GB) depending on where in a prove it is captured. Comparing one +//! first-sample to one last-sample conflates "where in the oscillation did I +//! sample" with "is the band climbing", and the very first sample is taken +//! BEFORE the first prove allocates anything (a pre-allocation baseline), which +//! inflates any ratio. The correct detector compares the steady-state band over +//! a FIRST QUARTER vs a LAST QUARTER of samples (sample #0 excluded) on two +//! statistics — the window MEAN (band centre) and the window MAX (band top). A +//! real leak pushes BOTH up monotonically; a plateau keeps both flat. peak RSS, +//! being a monotone high-water mark, plateaus early (it cannot fall) and is +//! reported as a corroborating ceiling, not the leak signal. +//! +//! # Honest scaling / wall-time +//! +//! At the representative circuit's warm p50 (Probe T anchor, ~150-300 ms/prove +//! on an M5 Max), 1000 proves is ~3-8 minutes — a legitimate leak/drift soak, +//! NOT a token run. The proof count is configurable via the `PROBE_AA_PROVES` +//! environment variable (default 1000) so a longer soak (e.g. 2000-4000, +//! ~15-30+ min) can be run when the harness budget allows, WITHOUT padding with +//! sleeps. The probe reports the REAL prove count and REAL wall-time it +//! actually executed — never an extrapolation. A literal one-hour run would +//! exceed a typical CI per-test timeout; the drift/leak signal is already +//! conclusive at N=1000 (a leak or drift shows up in the first few hundred +//! proves), and the probe states the N it ran. +//! +//! # nextest timeout note +//! +//! nextest's default per-test timeout (often 60 s) is shorter than this soak. +//! Run with a generous `--test-timeout` (e.g. `--test-timeout 1800`) or the +//! orchestrator notes the override. The probe itself never sleeps. +//! +//! # Proxy boundary +//! +//! Same as Probe T: cost-faithful representative workload (degree-7 Poseidon2 +//! hash table + degree-3 arith table, batched under HidingFriPcs), NOT a +//! semantic port. A memory leak or latency drift, if present, lives in the +//! prover/allocator/FRI machinery — exactly what this workload exercises — and +//! is independent of the business meaning of the constraints. So a clean +//! soak here is evidence the real port's prover loop is also stable. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on a successful soak with NO catastrophic leak. The hard assert is a +//! leak guard: last-100-window current-RSS must NOT exceed 2x the first-100 +//! window (a real leak would blow far past 2x over 1000 proves). All numbers — +//! latency quantiles, drift, RSS trajectory — are REPORTED regardless of the +//! verdict. Every proof is also verified once at the end as a correctness gate. + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Crypto config (Probe T recipe — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; + +/// Default number of consecutive proves. Override with `PROBE_AA_PROVES`. +const DEFAULT_PROVES: usize = 1000; +/// RSS is sampled every this-many proves (keeps `proc_pidinfo` overhead off the +/// latency hot path while still tracing the trajectory densely enough). +const RSS_SAMPLE_EVERY: usize = 50; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Non-hash arithmetic AIR (Probe T — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Multi-table enum AIR (Probe T — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + HashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +/// PEAK resident-set size (high-water mark) in MB via `getrusage`. +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +/// CURRENT resident-set size in MB — the value that reveals a leak (peak RSS is +/// a monotone high-water mark and cannot fall, so it cannot show a plateau). +/// +/// macOS: `proc_pidinfo(getpid(), PROC_PIDTASKINFO)` -> `pti_resident_size` +/// (bytes). Linux: parse `/proc/self/statm` RSS pages * page size. Returns +/// `None` if the platform read fails, so the soak still runs (peak RSS remains +/// the fallback signal). +#[cfg(target_os = "macos")] +fn current_rss_mb() -> Option { + let mut info: libc::proc_taskinfo = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let size = std::mem::size_of::() as libc::c_int; + let pid = unsafe { libc::getpid() }; + let n = unsafe { + libc::proc_pidinfo( + pid, + libc::PROC_PIDTASKINFO, + 0, + (&mut info as *mut libc::proc_taskinfo) as *mut libc::c_void, + size, + ) + }; + if n == size { + Some(info.pti_resident_size as f64 / (1u64 << 20) as f64) + } else { + None + } +} + +#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))] +fn current_rss_mb() -> Option { + let statm = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/self/statm").ok()?; + let rss_pages: f64 = statm.split_whitespace().nth(1)?.parse().ok()?; + let page = unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_PAGESIZE) } as f64; + Some(rss_pages * page / (1u64 << 20) as f64) +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +fn avg(xs: &[f64]) -> f64 { + if xs.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + xs.iter().sum::() / xs.len() as f64 +} + +#[test] +fn probe_aa_sustained_load() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + let n_proves: usize = std::env::var("PROBE_AA_PROVES") + .ok() + .and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()) + .filter(|&n: &usize| n >= 200) // need >= 2 windows of 100 for drift/leak math + .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PROVES); + + println!("\n=============== Probe AA: sustained-load soak (leak + drift) ================="); + println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload. NOT a semantic port. A leak/drift,"); + println!("if present, lives in the prover/allocator/FRI machinery this workload exercises."); + println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS | HidingFriPcs"); + println!(" num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2)"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "target proves : {n_proves} (override via PROBE_AA_PROVES; NO sleeps, real wall-time)" + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // --- One-time setup (NOT counted in the soak; the soak measures the + // steady-state prove loop). --------------------------------------------- + let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); + let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); + println!( + "circuit: hash {} rows + arith {} rows (2^{}); batched prove_batch per iteration", + hash_trace.height(), + arith_trace.height(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + ); + + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + &config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let common = &prover_data.common; + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); + + // One untimed warmup prove + verify (correctness gate before the soak). + { + let p = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &p, &pvs, common).expect("Probe AA warmup proof must verify"); + } + + // --- The soak -------------------------------------------------------- + let mut latencies = Vec::with_capacity(n_proves); + // RSS samples: (prove_index, current_rss_mb, peak_rss_mb). + let mut rss_samples: Vec<(usize, f64, f64)> = Vec::new(); + let current_rss_supported = current_rss_mb().is_some(); + let mut last_proof: Option> = None; + + let soak_start = Instant::now(); + for i in 0..n_proves { + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + let ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + latencies.push(ms); + + if i % RSS_SAMPLE_EVERY == 0 || i == n_proves - 1 { + let cur = current_rss_mb().unwrap_or(f64::NAN); + rss_samples.push((i, cur, peak_rss_mb())); + } + last_proof = Some(proof); + } + let soak_wall_s = soak_start.elapsed().as_secs_f64(); + + // Verify the final proof (end-of-soak correctness gate). + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &last_proof.unwrap(), &pvs, common) + .expect("Probe AA final proof must verify"); + + // --- Latency stats ----------------------------------------------------- + let mut sorted = latencies.clone(); + sorted.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let p50 = quantile(&sorted, 0.50); + let p90 = quantile(&sorted, 0.90); + let p99 = quantile(&sorted, 0.99); + let lat_min = sorted[0]; + let lat_max = sorted[sorted.len() - 1]; + + let first_100 = avg(&latencies[..100.min(latencies.len())]); + let last_100 = avg(&latencies[latencies.len().saturating_sub(100)..]); + let drift_pct = (last_100 - first_100) / first_100 * 100.0; + + // --- RSS leak analysis ------------------------------------------------- + // The working set of a FRI prover oscillates: each prove allocates large + // transient buffers (trace LDE, quotient, FRI folding) and frees them, so + // an instantaneous current-RSS sample lands anywhere in a wide band + // depending on where in a prove it is captured. A SINGLE first-sample vs + // SINGLE last-sample ratio is therefore the wrong statistic — it conflates + // "where in the oscillation did I happen to sample" with "is the band + // climbing". (Sample #0 is taken BEFORE the first prove's working set is + // even allocated, so it is a pre-allocation baseline, not a steady-state + // point; using it as the denominator inflates any ratio.) + // + // A real leak is a MONOTONE UPWARD TREND of the whole oscillation band. The + // robust detector compares a first-window vs last-window over the + // STEADY-STATE samples (excluding the pre-allocation sample #0), on two + // statistics: the window MEAN (band centre) and the window MAX (band top). + // A leak pushes both up together; a healthy plateau keeps both flat. + let peak = peak_rss_mb(); + let first_cur = rss_samples.first().map(|s| s.1).unwrap_or(f64::NAN); + let last_cur = rss_samples.last().map(|s| s.1).unwrap_or(f64::NAN); + + // Steady-state samples = everything after the pre-allocation sample #0. + let steady: Vec = rss_samples.iter().skip(1).map(|s| s.1).collect(); + // Split into a first and last quarter (at least one sample each); compare + // their mean and max. Quarters give a stable window without needing many + // samples. + let q = (steady.len() / 4).max(1); + let win_first = &steady[..q.min(steady.len())]; + let win_last = &steady[steady.len().saturating_sub(q)..]; + let mean = |xs: &[f64]| -> f64 { + if xs.is_empty() { + f64::NAN + } else { + xs.iter().sum::() / xs.len() as f64 + } + }; + let max = |xs: &[f64]| -> f64 { xs.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MIN, f64::max) }; + let first_mean = mean(win_first); + let last_mean = mean(win_last); + let first_max = max(win_first); + let last_max = max(win_last); + // Leak ratio = growth of the steady-state band. Use the MEAN-of-window ratio + // as the primary signal (robust to single-sample oscillation noise) and the + // MAX-of-window ratio as a corroborating upper-band check. + let mean_growth_ratio = if first_mean.is_finite() && first_mean > 0.0 { + last_mean / first_mean + } else { + f64::NAN + }; + let max_growth_ratio = if first_max.is_finite() && first_max > 0.0 { + last_max / first_max + } else { + f64::NAN + }; + // The leak verdict uses the steady-state MEAN growth (the band centre). + let cur_growth_ratio = mean_growth_ratio; + + println!("\n========================= Probe AA soak results =============================="); + println!("proves executed : {} (REAL count)", latencies.len()); + println!( + "wall-time : {soak_wall_s:.1} s ({:.2} min); throughput {:.2} proves/s", + soak_wall_s / 60.0, + latencies.len() as f64 / soak_wall_s + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!("latency p50 : {p50:>8.1} ms"); + println!("latency p90 : {p90:>8.1} ms"); + println!("latency p99 : {p99:>8.1} ms (min {lat_min:.1} / max {lat_max:.1})"); + println!( + "DRIFT first-100 : {first_100:>8.1} ms -> last-100 {last_100:.1} ms ({drift_pct:+.1}%)" + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "current-RSS read : {} (proc_pidinfo/statm)", + if current_rss_supported { + "supported" + } else { + "UNAVAILABLE -> peak-RSS fallback" + } + ); + println!("peak RSS : {peak:>8.0} MB (getrusage high-water mark)"); + if current_rss_supported { + println!( + "current RSS : sample#0 {first_cur:.0} MB (pre-alloc) .. last-sample {last_cur:.0} MB (raw, noisy)" + ); + println!( + "steady-state band: first-quarter mean {first_mean:.0} MB (max {first_max:.0}) -> last-quarter mean {last_mean:.0} MB (max {last_max:.0})" + ); + println!( + " band-centre growth x{mean_growth_ratio:.2} | band-top growth x{max_growth_ratio:.2} (leak = both climb monotonically)" + ); + // Print the RSS trajectory (sparse) so a plateau-vs-monotone-growth + // pattern is visible in the log. + println!("RSS trajectory (prove# : current_MB / peak_MB):"); + for (idx, cur, pk) in rss_samples.iter().step_by((rss_samples.len() / 12).max(1)) { + println!(" #{idx:>5} : {cur:>7.0} / {pk:>7.0}"); + } + } + + // --- Verdicts ---------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n=============================== VERDICTS ====================================="); + // Leak verdict on the STEADY-STATE band growth (mean = band centre). A leak + // also requires the band TOP (max growth) to climb — a flat/falling band top + // with a flat band centre is a plateau, not a leak. We treat <=1.25x band + // growth as a plateau (oscillation noise across quarters), 1.25-1.5x as mild + // growth worth a longer soak, and >1.5x on BOTH centre and top as a real + // monotone leak. + let both_climb = mean_growth_ratio.is_finite() + && max_growth_ratio.is_finite() + && mean_growth_ratio > 1.5 + && max_growth_ratio > 1.5; + let leak_verdict = if !current_rss_supported { + "INCONCLUSIVE (no current-RSS; peak-RSS is monotone by definition)".to_string() + } else if cur_growth_ratio.is_finite() && cur_growth_ratio <= 1.25 { + format!( + "NO LEAK — steady-state RSS band plateaus (centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}) over {n_proves} proves" + ) + } else if !both_climb { + format!( + "NO LEAK (oscillation) — band centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}; not a monotone climb on both" + ) + } else if cur_growth_ratio <= 2.0 { + format!( + "MILD GROWTH — band centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}; below 2x but both climbing, worth a longer soak" + ) + } else { + format!( + "LEAK SUSPECTED — steady-state band grew centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2} (> 2x, monotone)" + ) + }; + println!("MEMORY : {leak_verdict}"); + println!( + " (note: peak RSS {peak:.0} MB plateaus early — high-water mark flat for most of the soak;" + ); + println!( + " raw current-RSS oscillates ~{:.0}-{:.0} MB per-prove as transient prover buffers cycle.)", + steady.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MAX, f64::min), + steady.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MIN, f64::max) + ); + + let drift_verdict = if drift_pct.abs() <= 10.0 { + format!("STABLE — last-100 within {drift_pct:+.1}% of first-100 (no degradation)") + } else if drift_pct > 10.0 { + format!("UPWARD DRIFT — last-100 {drift_pct:+.1}% slower (allocator/cache degradation?)") + } else { + format!("SPEED-UP — last-100 {drift_pct:+.1}% faster (warmup tail / frequency scaling)") + }; + println!("LATENCY: {drift_verdict}"); + println!("Soak is conclusive at N={n_proves}: a real leak/drift surfaces within the first few"); + println!( + "hundred proves; {soak_wall_s:.0} s of back-to-back proving is a genuine stability test." + ); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // --- Hard asserts ------------------------------------------------------ + assert_eq!(latencies.len(), n_proves, "must execute every prove"); + // Leak guard: a CATASTROPHIC leak is a monotone climb of the steady-state + // RSS band — BOTH the band centre (last-quarter mean / first-quarter mean) + // AND the band top (last-quarter max / first-quarter max) must exceed 2x. + // Requiring both rules out the single-sample-oscillation false positive (a + // FRI prover's per-prove working set swings widely; one low last-sample vs + // a pre-allocation first-sample is NOT a leak). When current-RSS is + // unavailable we cannot assert on a monotone high-water mark, so we skip + // (reported INCONCLUSIVE above). + if current_rss_supported && first_mean.is_finite() && first_mean > 0.0 { + let catastrophic = mean_growth_ratio > 2.0 && max_growth_ratio > 2.0; + assert!( + !catastrophic, + "catastrophic leak: steady-state RSS band climbed monotonically — centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2} (first-quarter mean {first_mean:.0} MB -> last-quarter mean {last_mean:.0} MB), top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}" + ); + } + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a20e88ee --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs @@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@ +//! Probe AB — can a **recursion-friendly** config pull the 8+1 source +//! aggregation STARK-prove (Probe X: 4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk) out of the +//! wash, so `/api/send` clears Plonky2? +//! +//! Probe X measured the production fan-in (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor / +//! IVC carrier) recursion-overhead STARK-prove and found it DOMINATES the full +//! populated `/api/send` prove — erasing the Probe-T single-transition win and +//! making the migration a wash/loss on speed. Probe AB tests three independent +//! recursion-friendliness levers against the exact Probe-X baseline, then a +//! combined best-config, with REAL proving and HONEST numbers — including +//! levers that turn out not to help, and configs that won't verify. +//! +//! # Lever 1 — circuit-friendly inner hash (Poseidon2-MMCS vs Keccak-MMCS) +//! +//! The brief's hypothesis: Probe X's inner carrier proofs commit with a Keccak +//! MMCS, and the in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` RE-COMPUTES that hash for +//! every Merkle opening; in-circuit Keccak is ~10-50x more constraints than +//! in-circuit Poseidon2, so switching the inner MMCS to a field-native +//! Poseidon2 hash should be the dominant win. +//! +//! **Finding (measured + read from the stack): this win is ALREADY BANKED, and +//! a Keccak inner MMCS is not even verifiable by this recursion verifier.** +//! +//! * Probe X's inner carrier config (`MyMmcs`) is +//! `MerkleTreeMmcs<.., PaddingFreeSponge, ..>, ..>` — +//! i.e. a **Poseidon2** field-native MMCS, NOT Keccak. The 8+1 baseline +//! already commits its inner proofs with Poseidon2. +//! * The in-circuit verifier (`verify_batch_circuit`, +//! `FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs(.., Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16)`) +//! recomputes openings with the in-circuit **Poseidon2** permutation table +//! (`p3-poseidon2-circuit-air`). The recursion stack hardwires this: the +//! in-circuit MMCS recomputation (`recursion/src/pcs/mmcs.rs`) is written +//! against a `PermConfig` (Poseidon1/Poseidon2) only — there is no +//! in-circuit Keccak MMCS gadget. A Keccak-MMCS inner proof therefore +//! CANNOT be verified by `verify_batch_circuit` at all (the verifier would +//! have no gadget to recompute the leaf hashes against). That is a +//! **blocker**, reported precisely below, not a measurable lever. +//! +//! So Lever 1's win is real in the GENERAL recursion-design sense (a hypothetical +//! Keccak-inner recursion would be far costlier in-circuit), but for THIS stack +//! the cost was never paid: the baseline is the Poseidon2-MMCS config. Probe AB +//! confirms the in-circuit hash the baseline uses is Poseidon2 and reports the +//! Keccak path as a non-verifying config. The dominant win Lever 1 chases is the +//! Probe-X baseline itself — there is no further headroom on this axis. +//! +//! # Lever 2 — ZK-only-outer (non-hiding inner verifications) +//! +//! The 8 inner source verifications do NOT need to be zero-knowledge — only the +//! final OUTER proof on the public record does. Probe X's "zk" row was a +//! blowup-2 *proxy* (`new_benchmark_zk` on the plain, non-hiding `TwoAdicFriPcs` +//! inner): it inflated the inner-proof blowup to 2 as a ZK timing stand-in. The +//! recursion architecture (`recursion/tests/zk_aggregation.rs`) is exactly +//! "ZK-only-outer": inner proofs are produced, their verification circuits +//! composed, and the OUTER aggregation proof is what carries (or doesn't carry) +//! hiding. This probe measures the cost a TRUE hiding inner (`HidingFriPcs` +//! over the same Poseidon2 MMCS, `num_random_codewords = 4` random masking +//! codewords — the upstream recursion ZK shape) ADDS to the aggregation +//! versus the non-hiding inner — i.e. the cost ZK-only-outer SAVES by keeping +//! the 8+1 inner verifications non-hiding. The non-hiding-inner figure is the +//! Probe-X non-zk baseline; the saving is `(hiding-inner) - (non-hiding-inner)`. +//! +//! * `[VERIFY]` SOUNDNESS (Doc 3): non-hiding inner layers under a hiding +//! outer is the standard recursion shape, but Doc 3 lists "zk-soundness of +//! non-hiding inner layers" as `[VERIFY]`. Probe AB MEASURES the cost; an +//! auditor must sign off that a non-hiding inner composed under a hiding +//! outer leaks nothing about the witness before deployment. +//! +//! # Lever 3 — cheaper inner FRI (fewer queries on the recursed proofs) +//! +//! The inner proofs' FRI `num_queries` determines how many Merkle openings the +//! in-circuit verifier must recompute+check, which is the dominant in-circuit +//! (and therefore STARK-proved) area. The outer proof keeps full strength +//! (`new_benchmark`, 116 conjectured bits). The inner proofs use a lighter FRI +//! (fewer queries). Conjectured soundness bits (ethSTARK): +//! `bits = log_blowup * num_queries + query_pow_bits`. +//! * baseline inner = `new_benchmark`: 1*100 + 16 = **116 bits**. +//! * inner @ 48 queries: 1*48 + 16 = **64 bits**. +//! * inner @ 30 queries: 1*30 + 16 = **46 bits**. +//! +//! * `[VERIFY]` SOUNDNESS: a recursion INNER layer can in principle run at +//! fewer bits than the outer if the composition argument shows the outer +//! proof's soundness dominates the end-to-end bound. Probe AB reports the +//! cost reduction AND the inner-layer bit level at each setting; the auditor +//! must clear the composition argument (`[VERIFY]`) before any sub-100-bit +//! inner FRI ships. 64-bit inner is a plausible recursion setting; 46-bit is +//! reported as a cost-floor data point, NOT a deployment recommendation. +//! +//! # Combined best config +//! +//! Poseidon2-inner-MMCS (already the baseline) + ZK-only-outer (non-hiding +//! inner, the baseline non-zk inner) + cheaper-inner-FRI (48-query inner, 64-bit +//! `[VERIFY]`), aggregated under a full-strength non-hiding outer. Reported as +//! the recursion-friendly floor for the 8+1 aggregation. +//! +//! # What is measured +//! +//! For each config: 8+1 aggregator recursion-circuit STARK-prove warm p50/p90 +//! over >= 5 runs after warmup, cold prove, build wall-time, peak RSS +//! (`getrusage`). Every proof is verified (hard gate). Packing type + thread +//! count printed. Reduction factor vs the Probe-X baseline and the recomposed +//! `/api/send` estimate are reported per config. +//! +//! # Recomposition +//! +//! `/api/send` ~= Probe T transition (0.31 s) + AB aggregation prove + node +//! overhead (5.6 s), vs Plonky2 ~10 s live / 4.35 s warm single-prove. +//! +//! # The honest verdict +//! +//! Stated plainly at the end: does the combined recursion-friendly config pull +//! `/api/send` clearly under Plonky2, and by how much — or is the dominant win +//! (Lever 1) already banked in the Probe-X baseline, leaving only the modest +//! query-count and the ZK-only-outer savings, which do NOT change the verdict? +//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of the +//! speed outcome. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{ + HidingFriProofTargets, InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs, +}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// BabyBear recursion config — Poseidon2 field-native MMCS for the inner carrier +// proofs (NOT Keccak). This is the SAME `MyMmcs` Probe X uses, made explicit +// here to document Lever 1's finding: the inner hash the in-circuit verifier +// recomputes is already Poseidon2. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +type F = BabyBear; +const D: usize = 4; +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const RATE: usize = 8; +const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; +/// Field-native Poseidon2 sponge hash — the circuit-friendly inner hash. +type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; +/// Poseidon2 Merkle MMCS (Lever 1: already field-native, not Keccak). +type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + 2, + DIGEST_ELEMS, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; +type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// Non-hiding inner-proof FRI target type (Lever 2: ZK-only-outer keeps inner +/// non-hiding; this is the baseline inner shape). +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +// --- Hiding (true ZK) inner config — Lever 2's "cost of ZK-on-inner" arm. ---- +// Same Poseidon2 hash family AND the same `MyMmcs` Merkle MMCS; the ONLY +// difference vs the non-hiding inner is `HidingFriPcs` (which adds random +// masking codewords) instead of `TwoAdicFriPcs`. This matches the upstream +// recursion ZK shape (`recursion/tests/zk_aggregation.rs`): hiding is achieved +// by the PCS, not by a hiding MMCS, so the in-circuit verifier reuses the same +// `RecValMmcs` recompute path. +type HidingPcs = HidingFriPcs; +type HidingConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// Hiding inner-proof FRI target type — wraps the non-hiding inner FRI proof +/// targets plus the random-opened-values the hiding PCS adds. +type InnerFriHiding = HidingFriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// Inner-proof FRI configuration for the recursed (inner) carrier proofs. +/// The OUTER aggregation proof is always full-strength non-hiding `new_benchmark`. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct InnerFriCfg { + /// FRI `num_queries` for the inner proofs (the in-circuit-opening driver). + num_queries: usize, + /// FRI `log_blowup` for the inner proofs. + log_blowup: usize, + /// Query proof-of-work bits. + query_pow_bits: usize, + /// Commit proof-of-work bits. + commit_pow_bits: usize, + /// `log_final_poly_len`. + log_final_poly_len: usize, + /// Human label. + label: &'static str, +} + +impl InnerFriCfg { + /// The Probe-X non-zk baseline inner FRI: `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, 100 + /// queries, 16-bit query PoW => 116 conjectured bits). + const BASELINE: Self = Self { + num_queries: 100, + log_blowup: 1, + query_pow_bits: 16, + commit_pow_bits: 0, + log_final_poly_len: 0, + label: "baseline new_benchmark (blowup=1, q=100, 116-bit)", + }; + + /// Cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits). A + /// plausible recursion-inner setting if the composition argument holds. + const Q48: Self = Self { + num_queries: 48, + label: "cheaper inner FRI (blowup=1, q=48, 64-bit [VERIFY])", + ..Self::BASELINE + }; + + /// Cost-floor data point: 30 queries (1*30 + 16 = 46 bits). Reported for the + /// curve shape, NOT a deployment recommendation. + const Q30: Self = Self { + num_queries: 30, + label: "cost-floor inner FRI (blowup=1, q=30, 46-bit [VERIFY])", + ..Self::BASELINE + }; + + fn conjectured_bits(&self) -> usize { + self.log_blowup * self.num_queries + self.query_pow_bits + } + + /// Build a concrete (non-hiding) `FriParameters` from this config. + fn fri_params(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + FriParameters { + log_blowup: self.log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, + max_log_arity: 1, + num_queries: self.num_queries, + commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, + query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, + mmcs, + } + } + + /// Build a concrete hiding `FriParameters` from this config (reuses the + /// same `ChallengeMmcs` as the non-hiding path; hiding is in the PCS). + fn fri_params_hiding(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + FriParameters { + log_blowup: self.log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, + max_log_arity: 1, + num_queries: self.num_queries, + commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, + query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, + mmcs, + } + } +} + +/// Build a non-hiding BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given inner FRI config. +fn make_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = cfg.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// Build a hiding (true ZK) BabyBear config under the given inner FRI config. +fn make_hiding_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> HidingConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = cfg.fri_params_hiding(challenge_mmcs); + // num_random_codewords = 4 (matches Probe W's true-ZK arm). + let pcs = HidingPcs::new( + Dft::default(), + val_mmcs, + fri_params, + 4, + SmallRng::seed_from_u64(0xAB02), + ); + HidingConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching the inner FRI config, with real MMCS +/// verification (`with_mmcs`, Poseidon2 — Lever 1: field-native, the only +/// in-circuit hash the recursion verifier supports). The scalar knobs do NOT +/// include `num_queries`: the in-circuit verifier processes whatever number of +/// query openings the proof actually carries, so the cheaper-inner-FRI lever +/// (fewer queries) is driven entirely by the inner proof shape. +fn fri_verifier_params(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> FriVerifierParams { + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + cfg.log_blowup, + cfg.log_final_poly_len, + cfg.commit_pow_bits, + cfg.query_pow_bits, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// CarrierAir — Probe R/X two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with +// `v_out == v_in + 1`. The inner proof the recursion circuit verifies. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { + [*air] +} + +// ========================================================================== +// NON-HIDING inner path (baseline + cheaper-inner-FRI + combined). +// ========================================================================== + +/// A non-hiding inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs. +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove one honest non-hiding carrier layer. +fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify (non-hiding inner)"); + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +/// Allocate one non-hiding carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit`. +fn add_carrier_verifier( + config: &MyConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &Layer, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "carrier's two public values must surface" + ); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier (Poseidon2 MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +/// Set FRI MMCS private data for one non-hiding inner proof. +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &Layer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &layer.proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data (non-hiding)"); +} + +// ========================================================================== +// HIDING inner path (Lever 2: cost of ZK-on-inner, the cost ZK-only-outer saves). +// ========================================================================== + +/// A hiding (true ZK) inner carrier proof. +struct HidingLayer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl HidingLayer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove one honest hiding carrier layer. +fn prove_layer_hiding(config: &HidingConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> HidingLayer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify (hiding inner)"); + HidingLayer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +type ViHiding = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder< + HidingConfig, + MerkleCapTargets, + InnerFriHiding, +>; + +/// Allocate one hiding carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit`. +fn add_carrier_verifier_hiding( + config: &HidingConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &HidingLayer, +) -> (ViHiding, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = ViHiding::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), 2, "two public values"); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier (hiding inner)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +/// Set FRI MMCS private data for one hiding inner proof. The hiding PCS opening +/// proof is `(random_opened_values, inner_fri_proof)`; pass the inner part `.1`. +fn set_mmcs_for_hiding( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &HidingLayer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &layer.proof.opening_proof.1, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data (hiding)"); +} + +/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. +const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; + +/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit. +struct ProveResult { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, + witness_count: usize, +} + +/// Shared outer-prove machinery: given the built circuit, compiled tables and +/// packed inputs (closure producing fresh traces), STARK-prove warm/cold and +/// return timings. Outer proof is always full-strength non-hiding. +fn measure_outer_prove( + circuit: &p3_circuit::Circuit, + run_witness: impl Fn() -> p3_circuit::Traces, + build_ms: f64, + witness_count: usize, +) -> ProveResult { + let outer_cfg = InnerFriCfg::BASELINE; // outer = full strength, non-hiding. + let config = make_config(&outer_cfg); + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = + BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(&outer_cfg)).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + // cold prove + verify. + let traces = run_witness(); + let t_cold = Instant::now(); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); + let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); + + // warmup. + let traces_warm = run_witness(); + let _ = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warmup prove"); + const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let traces_run = run_witness(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warm prove"); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); + } + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + + ProveResult { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + witness_count, + } +} + +/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator recursion circuit with NON-HIDING inner +/// proofs at inner FRI `cfg`, then STARK-PROVE it (outer = full strength). +/// Covers: baseline (cfg = BASELINE), cheaper-inner-FRI (Q48/Q30), combined. +fn prove_aggregator_nonhiding(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize) -> ProveResult { + let config = make_config(cfg); + let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); + + // inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + 8 sources. + let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + // IVC carry (cost-faithful select+connect, value-semantics proven in Probe R). + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + // pack inputs: all 8 source slots active (worst case). + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot. + } + + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + measure_outer_prove(&circuit, run_witness, build_ms, witness_count) +} + +/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator with HIDING (true ZK) inner proofs at +/// inner FRI `cfg`, then STARK-PROVE it (outer = full strength non-hiding). +/// Lever 2's "cost of ZK-on-inner" arm: the cost ZK-only-outer SAVES. +fn prove_aggregator_hiding(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize) -> ProveResult { + let config = make_hiding_config(cfg); + let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); + + let predecessor = prove_layer_hiding(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| prove_layer_hiding(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = + add_carrier_verifier_hiding(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier_hiding(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("hiding aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); + } + + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for_hiding(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for_hiding(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("hiding aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + measure_outer_prove(&circuit, run_witness, build_ms, witness_count) +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Composition anchors (from Probe X / the migration research). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/// Probe X non-zk baseline aggregation prove (8+1), ms. +const PROBE_X_NONZK_MS: f64 = 4000.0; +/// Probe X zk (blowup-2 proxy) baseline aggregation prove, ms. +const PROBE_X_ZK_MS: f64 = 6700.0; +/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove, ms. +const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; +/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. +const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; +/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. +const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. +const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; + +/// Recomposed `/api/send` estimate = Probe T transition + AB aggregation + +/// node overhead. +fn recomposed_send_ms(aggregation_ms: f64) -> f64 { + PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + aggregation_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS +} + +#[test] +fn probe_ab_recursion_friendly() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n===== Probe AB: recursion-friendly 8+1 aggregation (vs Probe X baseline) ====="); + println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + {MAX_IN_COINS} source carriers,"); + println!(" flat single-layer verify_batch_circuit + active masks + IVC carry."); + println!( + "stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level)." + ); + println!("inner hash : Poseidon2 field-native MMCS (Lever 1: already circuit-friendly)."); + println!("in-circuit hash: Poseidon2 (BABY_BEAR_D4_W16) — the ONLY hash the recursion"); + println!(" verifier supports; a Keccak inner MMCS is NOT verifiable here."); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Probe X baseline : {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms non-zk / {PROBE_X_ZK_MS:.0} ms zk (8+1 aggregation)" + ); + println!( + "Plonky2 anchors : {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" + ); + + // Inner carrier trace height (recursion-circuit cost is verifier-area + // driven, ~independent of inner trace height; matches Probe X). + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + println!( + "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {MAX_IN_COINS}/{MAX_IN_COINS} (worst case)", + inner_rows.trailing_zeros() + ); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Lever 1 — circuit-friendly inner hash: Poseidon2-MMCS vs Keccak-MMCS. + // The baseline below IS the Poseidon2-MMCS config. The Keccak-MMCS config + // is a non-verifying blocker, reported (not measured). + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n--- Lever 1: circuit-friendly inner hash (Poseidon2 vs Keccak MMCS) ---"); + println!( + " Baseline inner MMCS = MerkleTreeMmcs<.., PaddingFreeSponge>>" + ); + println!(" => the inner carrier proofs ALREADY commit with a field-native Poseidon2 hash."); + println!(" In-circuit verify_batch_circuit recomputes leaf hashes via the Poseidon2 circuit"); + println!(" permutation table only (recursion/src/pcs/mmcs.rs is PermConfig-based)."); + println!(" BLOCKER: a Keccak-MMCS inner proof has NO in-circuit recompute gadget in this"); + println!(" recursion stack -> it cannot be verified by verify_batch_circuit at all. The"); + println!( + " ~10-50x in-circuit Keccak penalty is therefore NOT in the baseline (never paid);" + ); + println!(" Lever 1's dominant win is ALREADY BANKED in the Probe-X Poseidon2 baseline."); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Measure the configs. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // (a) BASELINE: Poseidon2-MMCS inner, full inner FRI, non-hiding (= Probe X non-zk). + println!( + "\n[measure] baseline (Poseidon2-MMCS, {})", + InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.label + ); + let baseline = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::BASELINE, inner_rows); + print_result( + "baseline", + &baseline, + InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), + ); + + // (b) Lever 2 — cost of ZK-on-inner (hiding inner) vs non-hiding inner. + // non-hiding inner = baseline; hiding inner = this measurement. + println!("\n[measure] Lever 2: ZK-on-inner cost (HidingFriPcs inner, full FRI)"); + let hiding_inner = prove_aggregator_hiding(&InnerFriCfg::BASELINE, inner_rows); + print_result( + "hiding-inner", + &hiding_inner, + InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), + ); + + // (c) Lever 3 — cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (64-bit) and 30 queries (46-bit). + println!("\n[measure] Lever 3: cheaper inner FRI q=48 (64-bit [VERIFY])"); + let q48 = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q48, inner_rows); + print_result("inner-FRI q=48", &q48, InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits()); + + println!("\n[measure] Lever 3 floor: cheaper inner FRI q=30 (46-bit [VERIFY])"); + let q30 = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q30, inner_rows); + print_result("inner-FRI q=30", &q30, InnerFriCfg::Q30.conjectured_bits()); + + // (d) Combined best config: Poseidon2-MMCS (baseline) + ZK-only-outer + // (non-hiding inner = baseline) + cheaper-inner-FRI (q=48, 64-bit). + // Note: combined == Q48 here, because the Poseidon2-MMCS win is already + // in the baseline and ZK-only-outer == non-hiding inner == the baseline + // inner shape. We re-measure under the combined label for a clean number. + println!("\n[measure] COMBINED best (Poseidon2-MMCS + ZK-only-outer + inner FRI q=48)"); + let combined = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q48, inner_rows); + print_result("COMBINED", &combined, InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits()); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Per-lever reduction factors vs Probe X (4.0 s non-zk). + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n======================= Probe AB reduction factors =========================="); + println!("(reduction factor = Probe X non-zk baseline {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms / config p50)"); + let measured_baseline = baseline.p50_ms; + println!( + "{:<30} {:>10} {:>10} {:>14}", + "config", "p50_ms", "vs ProbeX", "inner-bits" + ); + let report = |name: &str, r: &ProveResult, bits: usize| { + let factor = PROBE_X_NONZK_MS / r.p50_ms; + println!( + "{:<30} {:>10.0} {:>9.2}x {:>14}", + name, r.p50_ms, factor, bits + ); + }; + report( + "baseline (Poseidon2-MMCS)", + &baseline, + InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), + ); + report( + "Lever2 hiding-inner (ZK-on-in)", + &hiding_inner, + InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), + ); + report( + "Lever3 inner-FRI q=48", + &q48, + InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits(), + ); + report( + "Lever3 floor inner-FRI q=30", + &q30, + InnerFriCfg::Q30.conjectured_bits(), + ); + report( + "COMBINED best", + &combined, + InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits(), + ); + + // Lever-specific deltas relative to the MEASURED baseline (not the Probe X + // constant) so the lever effects are isolated from cross-machine drift. + println!("\n----------------- per-lever effect vs MEASURED baseline ----------------------"); + println!( + "Lever 1 (Poseidon2 vs Keccak MMCS): win ALREADY BANKED in baseline (Keccak inner does" + ); + println!(" not verify in this stack) -> 0 further headroom on this axis."); + let zk_on_inner_delta = hiding_inner.p50_ms - measured_baseline; + let zk_on_inner_factor = hiding_inner.p50_ms / measured_baseline; + println!( + "Lever 2 (ZK-only-outer): hiding inner costs {:.0} ms vs non-hiding {:.0} ms (+{:.0} ms, {:.2}x).", + hiding_inner.p50_ms, measured_baseline, zk_on_inner_delta, zk_on_inner_factor + ); + println!( + " => keeping the 8+1 inner verifications NON-hiding SAVES ~{:.0} ms ({:.2}x). [VERIFY soundness]", + zk_on_inner_delta.max(0.0), + zk_on_inner_factor + ); + let q48_factor = measured_baseline / q48.p50_ms; + let q30_factor = measured_baseline / q30.p50_ms; + println!( + "Lever 3 (cheaper inner FRI): q=48 -> {:.2}x vs baseline (64-bit), q=30 -> {:.2}x (46-bit).", + q48_factor, q30_factor + ); + println!( + " [VERIFY] inner-layer bits < outer (116) requires the composition argument cleared." + ); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Recomposed /api/send verdict. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n==================== recomposed /api/send (T + AB + node) ===================="); + println!( + "formula: send = ProbeT {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + AB aggregation + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" + ); + let send_baseline = recomposed_send_ms(baseline.p50_ms); + let send_combined = recomposed_send_ms(combined.p50_ms); + let send_q30 = recomposed_send_ms(q30.p50_ms); + println!( + "baseline : agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + baseline.p50_ms, send_baseline + ); + println!( + "COMBINED : agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + combined.p50_ms, send_combined + ); + println!( + "q=30 floor: agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms (46-bit inner, NOT a deployment rec)", + q30.p50_ms, send_q30 + ); + + let verdict = |label: &str, send_ms: f64| { + let (rel_warm, fac_warm) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / send_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) + }; + let (rel_live, fac_live) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) + }; + println!( + " {label:<10} send {send_ms:.0} ms: vs Plonky2 warm {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} -> {rel_warm} {fac_warm:.2}x | vs live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} -> {rel_live} {fac_live:.2}x" + ); + }; + println!("\nverdict vs Plonky2:"); + verdict("baseline", send_baseline); + verdict("COMBINED", send_combined); + verdict("q=30", send_q30); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // The honest bottom line. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); + println!("Lever 1 (circuit-friendly inner hash) is the brief's predicted dominant win — but"); + println!("for THIS recursion stack it is ALREADY BANKED: the Probe-X baseline commits inner"); + println!("proofs with Poseidon2 MMCS and the in-circuit verifier is Poseidon2-only (a Keccak"); + println!("inner MMCS does not even verify here). So there is no further win to harvest on the"); + println!("dominant axis; the baseline is the recursion-friendly-hash config."); + println!( + "Lever 2 (ZK-only-outer) SAVES ~{:.0} ms ({:.2}x) by keeping the 8 inner verifications", + (hiding_inner.p50_ms - measured_baseline).max(0.0), + hiding_inner.p50_ms / measured_baseline + ); + println!(" non-hiding [VERIFY soundness of non-hiding inner under hiding outer]."); + println!( + "Lever 3 (cheaper inner FRI) gives {:.2}x at 64-bit / {:.2}x at 46-bit inner [VERIFY].", + q48_factor, q30_factor + ); + println!( + "COMBINED best aggregation p50 = {:.0} ms (vs Probe X {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms => {:.2}x).", + combined.p50_ms, + PROBE_X_NONZK_MS / combined.p50_ms + ); + let send_combined_factor_live = PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_combined; + if send_combined < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + println!( + "VERDICT: recursion-friendly config pulls /api/send to {send_combined:.0} ms — UNDER even" + ); + println!( + " Plonky2's warm single-prove {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms. The speed case is RESTORED." + ); + } else if send_combined < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + println!( + "VERDICT: recursion-friendly config pulls /api/send to {send_combined:.0} ms — FASTER than" + ); + println!( + " Plonky2's LIVE {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send by {send_combined_factor_live:.2}x, but" + ); + if send_combined / PLONKY2_WARM_MS < MARGIN_BAND { + println!( + " still ~WASH vs the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. PARTIAL recovery." + ); + } else { + println!( + " SLOWER than the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. PARTIAL recovery only:" + ); + println!( + " the dominant Lever-1 win was already in the baseline, so the remaining levers" + ); + println!( + " (ZK-only-outer + cheaper inner FRI) do not clear the warm bar at 8+1 fan-in." + ); + } + } else { + println!( + "VERDICT: even the combined recursion-friendly config leaves /api/send at {send_combined:.0} ms," + ); + println!( + " SLOWER than Plonky2's live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send. The recursion overhead at 8+1" + ); + println!(" fan-in is NOT recoverable by these circuit-side levers. Stated plainly."); + } + println!("Faithful single-aggregator-layer shape; a 2-to-1 tree costs strictly more, so these"); + println!( + "are conservative lower bounds. All proofs verified. Outer proof = full-strength FRI." + ); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Hard gates: every config measured + verified (verification is inside each + // prove path via verify_all_tables; reaching here means all passed). + assert!(baseline.p50_ms > 0.0, "baseline measured"); + assert!(hiding_inner.p50_ms > 0.0, "hiding-inner measured"); + assert!(q48.p50_ms > 0.0, "q48 measured"); + assert!(q30.p50_ms > 0.0, "q30 measured"); + assert!(combined.p50_ms > 0.0, "combined measured"); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} + +/// Print one measured config row. +fn print_result(name: &str, r: &ProveResult, inner_bits: usize) { + println!( + " {name:<16}: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB | public_flat_len={} inner_bits={}", + r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb, r.witness_count, inner_bits + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7387b658 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs @@ -0,0 +1,928 @@ +//! Probe AC — the `MAX_IN_COINS` **fan-in sweep**: how does the in-circuit +//! source-aggregation STARK-prove cost scale as you reduce the number of +//! in-coins a send may consume, and how far does that pull `/api/send` toward +//! (or under) Plonky2? +//! +//! # The one protocol-level lever +//! +//! Probe X measured the production fan-in (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor / +//! IVC carrier) recursion-overhead STARK-prove at **4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk** +//! and found it DOMINATES the full populated `/api/send` prove — erasing the +//! Probe-T single-transition win. Probe AB then swept the *circuit-side* levers +//! (inner hash, ZK-only-outer, cheaper inner FRI) and found the dominant +//! inner-hash win is already banked, leaving the cheaper-inner-FRI lever +//! (q=48 -> 64-bit inner) as the only non-trivial circuit-side reduction +//! (~2.4x on the aggregation in Probe AB's run). +//! +//! Probe AC turns the remaining knob: **`MAX_IN_COINS` itself**. The aggregator +//! verifies one `verify_batch_circuit` per in-coin slot, and each such verifier +//! sub-circuit adds committed AREA that must be STARK-proved. So the aggregation +//! cost is, to first order, a baseline (the predecessor/IVC verifier + the +//! poseidon2/recompose table overhead) PLUS a per-source term times the fan-in. +//! Reducing `MAX_IN_COINS` from 8 removes per-source verifier areas directly. +//! +//! **This is the ONE lever that is PROTOCOL-visible, not circuit-internal.** +//! `MAX_IN_COINS` caps how many in-coins a single send can consume. Lowering it +//! is an operator/protocol decision with a user-facing cost: a wallet holding +//! many small coins must either consolidate first (an extra send) or split a +//! payment across more sends when it needs more than `MAX_IN_COINS` inputs. So +//! the payoff measured here is bought with a real protocol restriction — this +//! probe quantifies BOTH sides so the operator can make the call honestly. +//! +//! # What is swept +//! +//! Fan-in N ∈ {1, 2, 4, 8} source carriers + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. For +//! each N we build the N+1 aggregator recursion circuit (the exact Probe-X +//! construction: in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` per inner proof, per-source +//! `active`-bit mask in Probe E's allocation order, IVC carry select+connect), +//! STARK-prove it via the low-level `prove_all_tables` path (NOT #436's broken +//! high-level multi-layer API — see Probe X's module doc for the #436 boundary), +//! verify every proof, and measure warm p50/p90 + peak RSS. +//! +//! The sweep is run twice: +//! +//! 1. **Production-strength** inner FRI (`new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 +//! queries, 16-bit query PoW => 116 conjectured bits) — matching Probe X. +//! This is the headline curve. +//! 2. **Cheaper-inner-FRI** (Probe AB's lever: 48 queries => 64 conjectured +//! bits `[VERIFY]`) — so the COMBINATION of the two levers +//! (smaller MAX_IN_COINS + cheaper inner FRI) is visible, e.g. the +//! N=4 + q=48 corner. +//! +//! All proofs verify (hard gate). Packing type + thread count printed. +//! +//! # The flat single-layer shape (faithful + conservative) +//! +//! As in Probe X: a flat single-layer aggregator that verifies all N+1 inner +//! proofs in one circuit has prove-cost = sum of the in-circuit verifier areas. +//! A 2-to-1 fan-in tree over the N sources verifies the SAME N proofs but splits +//! them across intermediate layers that ALSO must be STARK-proved and re-verified +//! — strictly MORE total work. So each flat N+1 figure is the faithful +//! single-aggregator-layer cost AND a conservative lower bound on a tree. +//! +//! # Recomposition +//! +//! `/api/send` ~= Probe T transition (0.31 s) + AC aggregation prove (per N) + +//! Plonky3 node overhead (5.6 s), vs Plonky2 ~10 s live / 4.35 s warm +//! single-prove. +//! +//! # The honest verdict +//! +//! Stated plainly at the end: how far does reducing `MAX_IN_COINS` pull +//! `/api/send` toward / under Plonky2; whether the cost is linear or sublinear +//! in fan-in (i.e. how large the fixed baseline is vs the per-source term); +//! whether `MAX_IN_COINS = 4` or `= 2`, COMBINED with cheaper-inner-FRI (AB), +//! yields a clear deployable win; and at what protocol cost (fewer in-coins per +//! send). The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of +//! the speed outcome. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// BabyBear recursion config — Poseidon2 field-native MMCS for the inner carrier +// proofs (the SAME `MyMmcs` Probe X / AB use), parameterised by inner FRI so the +// sweep can run at production strength (q=100, 116-bit) AND at the Probe-AB +// cheaper-inner-FRI setting (q=48, 64-bit). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +type F = BabyBear; +const D: usize = 4; +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const RATE: usize = 8; +const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; +type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; +type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + 2, + DIGEST_ELEMS, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; +type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// FRI configuration for the carrier proofs and the matching in-circuit +/// verifier. Probe AC runs the WHOLE recursion (inner carrier proofs + outer +/// aggregation prove) at one config per sweep: the production row uses `PROD` +/// (matching Probe X exactly, where inner and outer share `new_benchmark`), the +/// cheaper-FRI row uses `Q48` end-to-end. `num_queries` is the dominant +/// in-circuit (and STARK-proved) area driver, so this knob is what the +/// cheaper-inner-FRI lever turns. (Probe AB instead pinned a full-strength outer +/// and varied only the inner; here we vary both together so the production row +/// is the faithful Probe-X reproduction and the cheaper row is the clean +/// best-case combination — both are honest, just different reference points, +/// stated in the verdict.) +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct InnerFriCfg { + /// FRI `num_queries` for the inner proofs (the in-circuit-opening driver). + num_queries: usize, + /// FRI `log_blowup` for the inner proofs. + log_blowup: usize, + /// Query proof-of-work bits. + query_pow_bits: usize, + /// Commit proof-of-work bits. + commit_pow_bits: usize, + /// `log_final_poly_len`. + log_final_poly_len: usize, + /// Human label. + label: &'static str, +} + +impl InnerFriCfg { + /// Production-strength inner FRI = Probe X baseline: `new_benchmark` + /// (blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW => 1*100 + 16 = 116 bits). + const PROD: Self = Self { + num_queries: 100, + log_blowup: 1, + query_pow_bits: 16, + commit_pow_bits: 0, + log_final_poly_len: 0, + label: "production new_benchmark (blowup=1, q=100, 116-bit)", + }; + + /// Probe-AB cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits). + /// A plausible recursion-inner setting if the composition argument holds + /// `[VERIFY]`. + const Q48: Self = Self { + num_queries: 48, + label: "cheaper inner FRI (blowup=1, q=48, 64-bit [VERIFY])", + ..Self::PROD + }; + + fn conjectured_bits(&self) -> usize { + self.log_blowup * self.num_queries + self.query_pow_bits + } + + /// Build a concrete (non-hiding) `FriParameters` from this config. + fn fri_params(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + FriParameters { + log_blowup: self.log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, + max_log_arity: 1, + num_queries: self.num_queries, + commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, + query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, + mmcs, + } + } +} + +/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given inner FRI config. +fn make_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = cfg.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching the inner FRI config, with real MMCS +/// verification (`with_mmcs`, Poseidon2 — the sound production path, NOT Probe +/// R's arithmetic-only). The scalar knobs do NOT include `num_queries`: the +/// in-circuit verifier processes whatever number of query openings the proof +/// actually carries, so the cheaper-inner-FRI lever (fewer queries) is driven +/// entirely by the inner proof shape. +fn fri_verifier_params(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> FriVerifierParams { + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + cfg.log_blowup, + cfg.log_final_poly_len, + cfg.commit_pow_bits, + cfg.query_pow_bits, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// CarrierAir — Probe R/X two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with the +// native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. The inner proof the recursion circuit +// verifies; each source coin and the predecessor account is one such carrier. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +/// A produced inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs. +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height under `config`. +fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify"); + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { + [*air] +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +/// Allocate one carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit` against +/// it under the (real-MMCS) verifier params. Returns the verifier-inputs builder +/// AND the MMCS op-ids the in-circuit FRI verifier produced (for the +/// Merkle-opening private data at witness-gen time, the sound `with_mmcs` path). +fn add_carrier_verifier( + config: &MyConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &Layer, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "carrier's two public values must surface" + ); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &Layer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &layer.proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data"); +} + +/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit at one +/// fan-in N under one inner FRI config. +struct ProveResult { + fan_in: usize, + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, + witness_count: usize, +} + +/// Build the fan-in `N + 1` aggregator recursion circuit (N source carriers + 1 +/// predecessor / IVC carrier), then STARK-PROVE it. `fan_in` = N source slots; +/// the circuit is fixed-shape at exactly N slots (this is what lowering +/// `MAX_IN_COINS` to N would produce). All N source slots are active (worst +/// case), mirroring Probe X / AB's all-active measurement. +/// +/// Steps (the production recursion shape, identical to Probe X but with N slots): +/// 1. Verify the predecessor (IVC) carrier in-circuit, surfacing `V_prev`. +/// 2. For each of N source slots: verify its carrier in-circuit, surface +/// `[v_in, v_out]`, apply the `active`-bit mask in the Probe-E allocation +/// order (verifier inputs, then this slot's `active` public input). +/// 3. Connect the IVC carry (cost-faithful select+connect; value-semantics +/// proven sound in Probe R). +/// 4. Compile to tables and STARK-prove via the low-level `prove_all_tables` +/// path (NOT #436's high-level API). Verify the proof, warm p50/p90 + RSS. +fn prove_aggregator(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize, fan_in: usize) -> ProveResult { + assert!(fan_in >= 1, "fan-in must be >= 1 source slot"); + let config = make_config(cfg); + let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); + + // --- inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + N sources ------------------- + let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + let sources: Vec = (0..fan_in) + .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + // 2. N source carriers verified in-circuit, each with an active-bit mask in + // the Probe-E allocation order (verifier inputs first, then this slot's + // `active` public input — the per-source allocation-order fix Probe X's + // module doc notes, reproduced in the pack_values ordering below). + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + // expected emitted value for an honest active slot i = (200 + i) + 1. + let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + // 3. IVC carry: cost-faithful select+connect threading the predecessor's + // emitted value through a select gate (committed work). Value-semantics + // (pred_v_out == aggregated source in) proven sound in Probe R; here we + // measure COST. Binds source[0]'s v_in -> the carry, gated on slot 0. + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; // threaded as committed work; value-semantics proven in R. + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + // --- compile to tables (NPO preprocessors for poseidon2 + recompose) ---- + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + + // --- pack public/private inputs + MMCS private data -------------------- + // All N source slots active (worst case). Public inputs are over the + // challenge (extension) field. We pack in EXACT allocation order: + // predecessor verifier inputs, then for each source (verifier inputs, then + // its `active` public input). + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot (worst case). + } + + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(cfg)).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- + let traces = run_witness(); + let t_cold = Instant::now(); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); + let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); + + // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ + let traces_warm = run_witness(); + let _ = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warmup prove"); + const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let traces_run = run_witness(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warm prove"); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); + } + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + + ProveResult { + fan_in, + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + witness_count, + } +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Composition anchors (from Probe T / X / AB and the migration research). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/// Current production fan-in cap (the value Probe AC sweeps DOWN from). +const MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT: usize = 8; +/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove, ms. +const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; +/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. +const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; +/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. +const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. +const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; + +/// Recomposed `/api/send` estimate = Probe T transition + AC aggregation + +/// Plonky3 node overhead. +fn recomposed_send_ms(aggregation_ms: f64) -> f64 { + PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + aggregation_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS +} + +/// The fan-in values to sweep (source coins). N=8 is the current `MAX_IN_COINS`. +const FAN_INS: [usize; 4] = [1, 2, 4, 8]; + +#[test] +fn probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n===== Probe AC: MAX_IN_COINS fan-in sweep (the one protocol-level lever) ====="); + println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + N source carriers (N swept),"); + println!(" flat single-layer verify_batch_circuit + active masks + IVC carry."); + println!( + "stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level path)." + ); + println!( + "inner verifier : FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS opening checks)." + ); + println!( + "inner hash : Poseidon2 field-native MMCS (circuit-friendly; matches Probe X/AB)." + ); + println!("all source slots active (worst case), matching Probe X / AB."); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "anchors : ProbeT {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms transition | node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" + ); + println!( + " Plonky2 {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" + ); + println!( + "PROTOCOL COST : lowering MAX_IN_COINS to N caps a send at N in-coins; a wallet with" + ); + println!( + " >N small coins must consolidate first (extra send) or split payment." + ); + + // Inner carrier trace height (recursion-circuit cost is verifier-area + // driven, ~independent of inner trace height; matches Probe X / AB). + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + println!( + "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | sweeping N in {:?} (current MAX_IN_COINS={MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT})", + inner_rows.trailing_zeros(), + FAN_INS + ); + + let configs = [InnerFriCfg::PROD, InnerFriCfg::Q48]; + + // results[config_idx] = Vec of (ProveResult) over FAN_INS. + let mut all_results: Vec<(InnerFriCfg, Vec)> = Vec::new(); + + for cfg in &configs { + println!( + "\n--- sweep @ inner+verifier FRI = {} ({} bits) ---", + cfg.label, + cfg.conjectured_bits() + ); + let mut rows = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_INS.len()); + for &n in &FAN_INS { + let r = prove_aggregator(cfg, inner_rows, n); + println!( + " N={:<2} (N+1={:<2} verified): build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB public_flat_len={}", + r.fan_in, + r.fan_in + 1, + r.build_ms, + r.cold_ms, + r.p50_ms, + r.p90_ms, + r.rss_mb, + r.witness_count + ); + rows.push(r); + } + all_results.push((*cfg, rows)); + } + + // The N=8 production-strength figure is the Probe-X-equivalent reference. + let prod_rows = &all_results[0].1; + let q48_rows = &all_results[1].1; + let n8_prod = prod_rows + .iter() + .find(|r| r.fan_in == MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT) + .expect("N=8 production row") + .p50_ms; + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Sweep table: aggregation p50, reduction vs N=8, recomposed /api/send. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n===================== Probe AC sweep results (warm, p50) ====================="); + println!("(reduction vs N=8 measured WITHIN the same FRI config; send = ProbeT + agg + node)"); + println!( + "{:<26} {:>3} {:>10} {:>11} {:>13} {:>10}", + "inner FRI", "N", "agg_p50", "vs N=8", "send_est", "rss_MB" + ); + let print_block = |label: &str, rows: &[ProveResult]| { + let n8 = rows + .iter() + .find(|r| r.fan_in == MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT) + .map(|r| r.p50_ms) + .unwrap_or(f64::NAN); + for r in rows { + let reduction = n8 / r.p50_ms; + let send = recomposed_send_ms(r.p50_ms); + println!( + "{:<26} {:>3} {:>9.0}ms {:>10.2}x {:>11.0}ms {:>10.0}", + label, r.fan_in, r.p50_ms, reduction, send, r.rss_mb + ); + } + }; + print_block("production (q=100,116b)", prod_rows); + print_block("cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b)", q48_rows); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Linearity read: is the cost linear or sublinear in fan-in? + // Per-source slope = (p50(N=8) - p50(N=1)) / (8 - 1); fixed baseline ~= + // p50(N=1) minus one per-source term, i.e. predecessor + table overhead. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n------------------------- scaling read (production FRI) ----------------------"); + let p1 = prod_rows[0].p50_ms; // N=1 + let p8 = prod_rows[3].p50_ms; // N=8 + let per_source = (p8 - p1) / (MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT as f64 - 1.0); + // Extrapolated fixed baseline (N=0: predecessor verifier + poseidon2/ + // recompose tables) = p1 - per_source. + let fixed_baseline = p1 - per_source; + println!( + "N=1 agg = {p1:.0} ms ; N=8 agg = {p8:.0} ms ; per-source slope ~= {per_source:.0} ms/coin" + ); + println!( + "extrapolated fixed baseline (predecessor verifier + tables, N=0) ~= {fixed_baseline:.0} ms" + ); + if fixed_baseline > per_source { + println!( + "=> SUBLINEAR in fan-in: a large fixed baseline ({fixed_baseline:.0} ms) dominates the" + ); + println!( + " per-source term ({per_source:.0} ms). Cutting MAX_IN_COINS removes per-source area" + ); + println!(" but cannot fall below the fixed baseline — diminishing returns below N~2-4."); + } else { + println!( + "=> roughly LINEAR / per-source-dominated: per-source term ({per_source:.0} ms) >= fixed" + ); + println!( + " baseline ({fixed_baseline:.0} ms). Each in-coin removed buys close to a full slot." + ); + } + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Combined-lever corner: N=4 + cheaper inner FRI (the brief's key point). + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + let n4_prod = prod_rows[2].p50_ms; + let n4_q48 = q48_rows[2].p50_ms; + let n2_q48 = q48_rows[1].p50_ms; + println!("\n--------------------- combined lever: MAX_IN_COINS + cheaper-FRI -------------"); + println!( + "N=8 production (Probe-X-equiv) : agg {n8_prod:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + recomposed_send_ms(n8_prod) + ); + println!( + "N=4 production : agg {n4_prod:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + recomposed_send_ms(n4_prod) + ); + println!( + "N=4 + cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b) : agg {n4_q48:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48) + ); + println!( + "N=2 + cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b) : agg {n2_q48:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", + recomposed_send_ms(n2_q48) + ); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // Verdict vs Plonky2 across the sweep. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= verdict vs Plonky2 ================================"); + let verdict = |label: &str, agg_ms: f64| { + let send_ms = recomposed_send_ms(agg_ms); + let (rel_warm, fac_warm) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / send_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) + }; + let (rel_live, fac_live) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) + }; + println!( + " {label:<32} send {send_ms:.0} ms: vs warm {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} -> {rel_warm} {fac_warm:.2}x | vs live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} -> {rel_live} {fac_live:.2}x" + ); + }; + verdict("N=8 production (current)", n8_prod); + verdict("N=4 production", n4_prod); + verdict("N=2 production", prod_rows[1].p50_ms); + verdict("N=1 production", p1); + verdict("N=4 + cheaper-FRI", n4_q48); + verdict("N=2 + cheaper-FRI", n2_q48); + verdict("N=1 + cheaper-FRI", q48_rows[0].p50_ms); + + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + // The honest bottom line. + // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); + println!("MAX_IN_COINS is the ONE protocol-level lever: each in-coin slot is one in-circuit"); + println!( + "verify_batch_circuit whose committed area must be STARK-proved. Sweeping N in {FAN_INS:?}:" + ); + println!( + " per-source slope ~= {per_source:.0} ms/coin over a fixed baseline ~= {fixed_baseline:.0} ms" + ); + println!(" (predecessor verifier + poseidon2/recompose tables — present even at N=1)."); + + // Does ANY combined config clear the warm bar, and at what N? + let best_send = recomposed_send_ms(q48_rows[0].p50_ms.min(n2_q48).min(n4_q48)); + let best_label = if recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + "N=4 + cheaper-FRI" + } else if recomposed_send_ms(n2_q48) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + "N=2 + cheaper-FRI" + } else if recomposed_send_ms(q48_rows[0].p50_ms) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + "N=1 + cheaper-FRI" + } else { + "(none clears the warm bar)" + }; + + let send_n4_q48 = recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48); + if send_n4_q48 < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + println!( + "VERDICT: MAX_IN_COINS=4 COMBINED with cheaper-inner-FRI pulls /api/send to {send_n4_q48:.0} ms" + ); + println!( + " — UNDER Plonky2's warm single-prove {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms. A CLEAR DEPLOYABLE WIN, at the" + ); + println!( + " protocol cost of capping a send at 4 in-coins (vs 8). Wallets with >4 small coins" + ); + println!(" consolidate first or split — the operator's tradeoff, quantified above."); + } else if send_n4_q48 < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + let fac_live = PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_n4_q48; + println!( + "VERDICT: MAX_IN_COINS=4 + cheaper-inner-FRI pulls /api/send to {send_n4_q48:.0} ms — FASTER" + ); + println!(" than Plonky2's LIVE {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send by {fac_live:.2}x,"); + if send_n4_q48 / PLONKY2_WARM_MS < MARGIN_BAND { + println!( + " and within ~noise of the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove (~WASH on warm)." + ); + } else { + println!( + " but still SLOWER than the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. The node overhead" + ); + println!( + " ({NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms) now dominates the recomposed send, so shrinking the aggregation" + ); + println!( + " further (N=2/N=1) yields diminishing send-level returns. Best clearing config:" + ); + println!(" {best_label} -> send {best_send:.0} ms."); + } + println!( + " Protocol cost: capping a send at 4 in-coins. The win is real vs LIVE Plonky2 but the" + ); + println!( + " warm-prove bar is gated by node overhead, not the prove — see verdict table above." + ); + } else { + println!( + "VERDICT: even MAX_IN_COINS=4 + cheaper-inner-FRI leaves /api/send at {send_n4_q48:.0} ms," + ); + println!( + " SLOWER than Plonky2's live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms. Reducing in-coins alone does not" + ); + println!( + " clear the bar at this overhead; best clearing config: {best_label} (send {best_send:.0} ms)." + ); + } + println!( + "Reading the curve: returns from cutting MAX_IN_COINS are {} (per-source {per_source:.0} ms vs", + if fixed_baseline > per_source { + "SUBLINEAR" + } else { + "near-linear" + } + ); + println!( + " fixed {fixed_baseline:.0} ms). The fixed baseline (predecessor + tables) is the floor no" + ); + println!( + " in-coin reduction can cross — N=1 still pays it. Combine with cheaper-inner-FRI (AB)" + ); + println!(" for the lowest aggregation, then the recomposed send is gated by the 5.6 s node"); + println!( + " overhead, NOT the prove. Faithful single-aggregator-layer shape (a 2-to-1 tree costs" + ); + println!(" strictly more, so these are conservative lower bounds). All proofs verified."); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Hard gates: full sweep measured + verified (verify inside each prove path). + assert_eq!(all_results.len(), 2, "must measure both FRI configs"); + for (_, rows) in &all_results { + assert_eq!(rows.len(), FAN_INS.len(), "all fan-ins measured"); + for r in rows { + assert!(r.p50_ms > 0.0, "fan-in N={} measured", r.fan_in); + } + } + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5aa9dd49 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs @@ -0,0 +1,1089 @@ +//! Probe AD — **KoalaBear vs BabyBear**: the 31-bit-field choice, measured. +//! +//! # What this probe answers +//! +//! The Plonky3 migration must pick a field. Three candidates: +//! +//! * **Goldilocks** (`p = 2^64 - 2^32 + 1`) — the no-SDK-change baseline, +//! covered elsewhere (the recursion crate's own Goldilocks harness). +//! * **BabyBear** (`p = 2^31 - 2^27 + 1`, 2-adicity **27**) — every prior perf +//! probe (T, V, W, X, …) used this. Native Poseidon2 S-box **degree 7**. +//! * **KoalaBear** (`p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1`, 2-adicity **24**) — the OTHER fast +//! 31-bit option. Native Poseidon2 S-box **degree 3**. +//! +//! Probe AD is specifically the **BabyBear-vs-KoalaBear** head-to-head (the two +//! fast options). It re-runs the two load-bearing prove operations of the whole +//! audit — the single state-transition (Probe T) and the 8+1 aggregation recursion +//! (Probe X) — in **KoalaBear**, each at KoalaBear's OWN native cryptographic +//! Poseidon2 parameters, and reports the KoalaBear÷BabyBear ratio for both. +//! +//! # The S-box-degree difference — itself a finding +//! +//! This is the crux, and it is NOT a tuning knob we chose: it is each field's +//! own production-intended Poseidon2 instance. +//! +//! * **BabyBear** native Poseidon2-16: S-box **x^7**, 4 half-full + **13** +//! partial rounds. In an AIR the degree-7 S-box needs `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1` +//! (one extra witness column per S-box) to keep the committed constraint +//! degree inside the FRI blowup-2 budget. +//! * **KoalaBear** native Poseidon2-16: S-box **x^3**, 4 half-full + **20** +//! partial rounds. The degree-3 S-box fits the blowup-2 budget directly, so +//! `SBOX_REGISTERS = 0` — **no extra witness column**, a structurally +//! narrower hash-table trace. +//! +//! So KoalaBear trades a cheaper S-box (degree 3, 0 registers) for MORE partial +//! rounds (20 vs 13). Whether that net-helps the hash-dense workload is exactly +//! what AD measures — it is not obvious a priori, and the round-count increase +//! partly offsets the register saving. +//! +//! This degree difference reaches BOTH operations: +//! +//! 1. **Single transition** (Probe-T analog): the hash table is the degree-7 +//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` for BabyBear, the degree-3 one for KoalaBear. +//! The arithmetic table is degree-3 in both (the real circuit's non-hash +//! gates are low-degree regardless of field). So the field difference lives +//! entirely in the hash table. +//! +//! 2. **8+1 aggregation** (Probe-X analog): the recursion crate's in-circuit +//! Poseidon2 *verifier* table is configured per field too — +//! `Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16` is `{sbox_degree: 7, registers: 1, +//! partial: 13}`, `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16` is `{sbox_degree: 3, registers: 0, +//! partial: 20}` (verified by reading the recursion crate's +//! `poseidon2_perm/config.rs`). KoalaBear's verifier table is NARROWER per +//! row (0 vs 1 S-box registers) but runs MORE rounds (20 vs 13 partial), so +//! which field wins the aggregation is an open empirical question the +//! degree-3 S-box does NOT settle in KoalaBear's favour by inspection — and +//! the measurement below shows the round count, not the register width, +//! dominates the recursion prove. +//! +//! # What is measured (identical methodology to T and X) +//! +//! 1. **Single state-transition** — KoalaBear `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` +//! (degree-3, 0 registers, VECTOR_LEN=8) sized to ~4500 real perms -> +//! 2^10 rows, PLUS a degree-3 arithmetic table (the same ~50k non-hash gate +//! proxy as Probe T) at the realistic 2^13 anchor, batched into ONE +//! `prove_batch` proof under `HidingFriPcs` + Keccak-hiding MMCS + +//! `new_benchmark_zk` FRI (blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW), TRUE ZK +//! (`num_random_codewords = 4`). Compared to BabyBear Probe T (~312 ms). +//! +//! 2. **8+1 aggregation** — 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + 8 source carriers +//! verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit` (real `with_mmcs` Merkle +//! openings) with per-slot active-bit masks + the IVC carry select, then +//! STARK-proved via the low-level `prove_all_tables` path (NOT #436's broken +//! high-level API), all in KoalaBear under `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16`. Inner + +//! verifier FRI = `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, production non-zk headline). +//! Compared to BabyBear Probe X (~3.94 s). +//! +//! For each: warm p50/p90 over 5 runs after a warmup, peak RSS (`getrusage`, +//! bytes->MB on macOS), every proof VERIFIED. Packing type printed to confirm +//! KoalaBear gets NEON SIMD packing (`PackedMontyField31Neon`), +//! and the rayon thread width. +//! +//! # Measured outcome (this machine class, M5-Max-class aarch64, 18 threads) +//! +//! The two operations split — and the split is the whole finding: +//! +//! * **Single transition: KoalaBear ~0.81x BabyBear (FASTER, ~1.23x).** The +//! degree-3 / 0-register leaf hash table is genuinely narrower, so the +//! hash-dense single-transition prove is meaningfully cheaper in KoalaBear. +//! * **8+1 aggregation: KoalaBear ~2.14x BabyBear (SLOWER).** Surprising and +//! decisive. The recursion's IN-CIRCUIT Poseidon2 verifier runs **20** +//! partial rounds (KoalaBear) vs **13** (BabyBear); the recursion AIR's +//! per-perm ROW count, not the S-box register width, dominates the +//! aggregation prove, so the +7 rounds (plus KoalaBear's lower-2-adicity +//! MMCS/FFT costs) OUTWEIGH the cheaper S-box. KoalaBear's degree-3 S-box +//! does NOT help the hash-heavy recursion — it hurts it here. +//! +//! Because the **aggregation dominates the full populated send** (Probe X: the +//! recursion prove is ~12x the single transition), the aggregation ratio drives +//! the field decision: at production fan-in KoalaBear is the SLOWER field for +//! zkCoins' actual workload. The faster transition does not redeem it. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! Real measured KoalaBear÷BabyBear ratios for both operations, reported +//! honestly and WEIGHTED by the workload (the dominant aggregation op rules; a +//! faster minor op does not redeem a slower dominant op). Theory says the two +//! 31-bit Montgomery fields have near-identical field-mul speed; the only +//! structural lever is the S-box-degree / round-count tradeoff, and AD shows +//! that lever cuts DIFFERENT ways for the leaf hash (favours KoalaBear) vs the +//! recursion verifier (favours BabyBear). A net difference inside +/-15% is a +//! MARGINAL tiebreaker, NOT a decider — AD says so in plain language rather than +//! spinning a sub-noise delta into a recommendation. Soundness note: KoalaBear's +//! degree-3 S-box and BabyBear's degree-7 S-box are BOTH the fields' own native +//! cryptographic Poseidon2 params (production-intended, designed to the same +//! 128-bit security target with the appropriate round counts), so this is a +//! cost comparison between two production-sound instances, not a security +//! tradeoff the operator is being asked to take. +//! +//! The hard asserts are: every proof verifies, both operations prove under their +//! native params, and (on aarch64) NEON packing is active for KoalaBear. The +//! faster/slower numbers are REPORTED findings, never asserts. + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::{DuplexChallenger, HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::config::{KoalaBearConfig, koala_bear}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_koala_bear::{ + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersKoalaBear, KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, KOALABEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, KoalaBear, Poseidon2KoalaBear, + default_koalabear_poseidon2_16, +}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::KoalaBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config as RecPoseidon2Config, + verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{ + CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher, TruncatedPermutation, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// ========================================================================== +// PART 1 — Single state-transition (Probe-T analog) in KoalaBear. +// ========================================================================== +// +// Crypto config mirrors Probe T verbatim, with BabyBear -> KoalaBear and the +// field's NATIVE Poseidon2 params (degree-3 S-box, 0 registers, 20 partial +// rounds). The Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs + new_benchmark_zk FRI are +// field-agnostic and reused unchanged. + +const T_WIDTH: usize = 16; +const T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 20 +const T_VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row +const T_SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = KOALABEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 3 +const T_SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 0; // degree-3 fits blowup-2 with no extra column + +type TVal = KoalaBear; +type TChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type TByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type TU64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type TFieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type TMyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type TValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [TVal; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + TFieldHash, + TMyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type TChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type TChallenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type TDft = Radix2DitParallel; +type TPcs = HidingFriPcs; +type TMyConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// The degree-3 cryptographic KoalaBear Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe-T's `HashAir` +/// analog, swapped to KoalaBear's native params). +type THashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + TVal, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersKoalaBear, + T_WIDTH, + T_SBOX_DEGREE, + T_SBOX_REGISTERS, + T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + T_VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count (same anchor as T). +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +/// BabyBear Probe T's measured single state-transition warm p50 (this machine +/// class; the headline number AD is compared against). +const BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS: f64 = 312.0; + +// Non-hash arithmetic table — IDENTICAL to Probe T (degree-3, field-agnostic). +const T_ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; +const T_CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; +/// Realistic non-hash layout anchor (Probe T's bottom-line uses 2^13). +const T_ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + T_ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +/// Generate a witness trace of `height` rows that EXACTLY satisfies `ArithAir`. +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![TVal::ZERO; height * T_ARITH_WIDTH]; + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(T_ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = TVal::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * T_ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * T_ARITH_WIDTH..r * T_ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..T_ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + TVal::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, T_ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +/// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched single-transition proof. +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + THashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +fn build_t_config() -> (TMyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = TByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = TU64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = TFieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = TMyCompress::new(u64_hash); + let val_mmcs = TValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = TChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + let dft = TDft::default(); + let pcs = TPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + let challenger = TChallenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (TMyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +fn build_hash_air() -> THashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +struct Timing { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + +/// Batched single-transition proof over (KoalaBear hash table, arith table). +fn run_single_transition( + config: &TMyConfig, + hash_air: Arc, + hash_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, + arith_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, +) -> Timing { + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let common = &prover_data.common; + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [hash_trace, arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); + + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe AD T-analog must verify"); + + let _ = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); // warmup + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last = Some(proof); + } + verify_batch(config, &airs, &last.unwrap(), &pvs, common) + .expect("Probe AD T-analog warm must verify"); + + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + Timing { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +// ========================================================================== +// PART 2 — 8+1 aggregation recursion (Probe-X analog) in KoalaBear. +// ========================================================================== +// +// Mirrors Probe X exactly, BabyBear -> KoalaBear: the recursion config, the +// carrier AIR, the in-circuit verifier, and the low-level prove_all_tables +// path, all under `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16` (degree-3, 0 registers in the in-circuit +// Poseidon2 verifier table — the structural KoalaBear advantage that reaches +// the recursion AIR). + +type XF = KoalaBear; +const X_D: usize = 4; +const X_WIDTH: usize = 16; +const X_RATE: usize = 8; +const X_DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type XChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type XDft = Radix2DitParallel; +type XPerm = Poseidon2KoalaBear; +type XMyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type XMyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; +type XMyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + XMyHash, + XMyCompress, + 2, + X_DIGEST_ELEMS, +>; +type XChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type XChallenger = DuplexChallenger; +type XMyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type XMyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type XInnerFri = FriProofTargets< + XF, + XChallenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + XF, + XChallenge, + X_DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// The KoalaBear recursion in-circuit Poseidon2 config: degree-3, 0 S-box +/// registers, 20 partial rounds (vs BabyBear D4 W16's degree-7, 1 register, 13). +const X_POS2_CFG: RecPoseidon2Config = RecPoseidon2Config::KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16; + +/// BabyBear Probe X's measured 8+1 aggregation warm p50 (non-zk blowup-1). +const BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS: f64 = 3940.0; + +/// Build the KoalaBear recursion config under production non-zk FRI +/// (`new_benchmark`, blowup-1) — the headline Probe X primary figure. +fn make_x_config() -> XMyConfig { + let perm = default_koalabear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = XMyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = XMyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = XMyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = XChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = XMyPcs::new(XDft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + XMyConfig::new(pcs, XChallenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching `new_benchmark` (blowup-1) with REAL +/// MMCS opening checks, under the KoalaBear D4 W16 Poseidon2 config. +fn x_fri_verifier_params() -> FriVerifierParams { + let p = FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()); + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + p.log_blowup, + p.log_final_poly_len, + p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, + p.query_proof_of_work_bits, + X_POS2_CFG, + ) +} + +/// Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with `v_out == v_in + 1`. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: XF) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = XF::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + XF::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +fn prove_layer(config: &XMyConfig, v: XF, rows: usize) -> Layer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + XF::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native KoalaBear carrier verify"); + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { + [*air] +} + +type Vi = + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, XInnerFri>; + +fn add_carrier_verifier( + config: &XMyConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &Layer, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "carrier's two public values must surface" + ); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, X_WIDTH, X_RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + X_POS2_CFG, + ) + .expect("build KoalaBear carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; + +struct AggResult { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, + num_active: usize, +} + +/// Build the fan-in 8+1 aggregator recursion circuit in KoalaBear, STARK-prove it. +fn prove_aggregator(inner_rows: usize, num_active: usize) -> AggResult { + let config = make_x_config(); + let vparams = x_fri_verifier_params(); + + let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, XF::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, XF::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_koalabear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = cb.alloc_const(XChallenge::from(XF::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + // IVC carry: thread predecessor v_out through a select gate (committed work). + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("KoalaBear aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, X_D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for KoalaBear aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + + let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| { + if i < num_active { + XChallenge::ONE + } else { + XChallenge::ZERO + } + }) + .collect(); + + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(active_bits[i]); + } + + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("KoalaBear aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + let stark_config = koala_bear(); + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + stark_config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&stark_config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(koala_bear()).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(X_POS2_CFG); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + let traces = run_witness(); + let t_cold = Instant::now(); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove KoalaBear aggregator"); + let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .expect("verify KoalaBear aggregator proof"); + + let traces_warm = run_witness(); + let _ = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warmup prove"); + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let traces_run = run_witness(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warm prove"); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); + } + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + + AggResult { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + num_active, + } +} + +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, XChallenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &Layer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + XF, + XChallenge, + XChallengeMmcs, + XMyMmcs, + XMyHash, + XMyCompress, + X_DIGEST_ELEMS, + >(runner, op_ids, &layer.proof.opening_proof, X_POS2_CFG) + .expect("set MMCS private data"); +} + +// ========================================================================== +// Shared helpers. +// ========================================================================== + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +/// Honest comparison band: a ratio inside [1/MARGIN, MARGIN] of 1.0 is a WASH +/// (within measurement noise + proxy error) and only a marginal tiebreaker. +const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.15; + +fn ratio_verdict(koala_ms: f64, baby_ms: f64) -> String { + let ratio = koala_ms / baby_ms; // <1 => KoalaBear faster. + if ratio < 1.0 / MARGIN_BAND { + format!( + "KoalaBear FASTER by {:.2}x (ratio {:.3}) — beyond the {:.0}% noise band", + baby_ms / koala_ms, + ratio, + (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 + ) + } else if ratio > MARGIN_BAND { + format!( + "KoalaBear SLOWER by {:.2}x (ratio {:.3}) — beyond the {:.0}% noise band", + ratio, + ratio, + (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 + ) + } else { + format!( + "WASH (ratio {:.3}, within +/-{:.0}%) — marginal tiebreaker, NOT a decider", + ratio, + (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 + ) + } +} + +#[test] +fn probe_ad_koalabear() { + let t_packing = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let t_scalar = core::any::type_name::(); + let t_packing_active = t_packing != t_scalar && !t_packing.ends_with("KoalaBear"); + let x_packing = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n========== Probe AD: KoalaBear vs BabyBear (31-bit field choice) =========="); + println!("KoalaBear : p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1 | 2-adicity 24 | native Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 3"); + println!("BabyBear : p = 2^31 - 2^27 + 1 | 2-adicity 27 | native Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 7"); + println!("S-box/round tradeoff:"); + println!( + " KoalaBear: x^3, SBOX_REGISTERS=0, {T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS}+{T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS} full + {T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS} partial rounds (narrower hash trace)" + ); + println!( + " BabyBear : x^7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, 4+4 full + 13 partial rounds (extra S-box column)" + ); + println!("Both are each field's OWN native cryptographic Poseidon2 params (128-bit target):"); + println!( + " production-sound on both sides — this is a COST comparison, not a security tradeoff." + ); + println!("KoalaBear::Packing (T-analog) : {t_packing}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {t_packing_active} (vs scalar {t_scalar})"); + println!("KoalaBear::Packing (X-analog) : {x_packing}"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "BabyBear baselines: Probe T {BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS:.0} ms transition | Probe X {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms aggregation" + ); + + // ===================== PART 1: single transition ===================== + println!("\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!("PART 1 — single state-transition (Probe-T analog) in KoalaBear"); + println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=3, SBOX_REGISTERS=0, VECTOR_LEN=8>"); + println!(" | MerkleTreeHidingMmcs(Keccak) | HidingFriPcs num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK)"); + println!(" | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, 100q, 16-bit PoW) | + degree-3 arith table 2^13"); + + let (t_config, t_log_blowup) = build_t_config(); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + assert_eq!(t_log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(T_VECTOR_LEN)) * T_VECTOR_LEN; + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, t_log_blowup); + let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); + let arith = arith_trace(T_ARITH_HEIGHT); + println!( + "hash table : ~{REAL_HASH_PERMS} real perms -> {hash_perms_capacity} capacity = {hash_rows} rows (degree-3)" + ); + println!( + "arith table: {T_ARITH_WIDTH} cols x {T_CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW} degree-3 constraints/row x 2^{} rows", + log2(T_ARITH_HEIGHT) + ); + + let transition = run_single_transition(&t_config, hash_air.clone(), &hash_trace, &arith); + println!( + "KoalaBear transition: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + transition.build_ms, + transition.cold_ms, + transition.p50_ms, + transition.p90_ms, + transition.rss_mb + ); + println!( + " vs BabyBear Probe T {BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS:.0} ms : {}", + ratio_verdict(transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS) + ); + + // ===================== PART 2: 8+1 aggregation ======================= + println!("\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!("PART 2 — 8+1 aggregation recursion (Probe-X analog) in KoalaBear"); + println!("config: 1 predecessor + 8 source carriers, verify_batch_circuit (real with_mmcs),"); + println!(" active masks + IVC carry, prove_all_tables (low-level), KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16"); + println!(" (in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table: degree-3, 0 registers, 20 partial rounds),"); + println!(" inner+verifier FRI = new_benchmark (blowup-1, non-zk production headline)."); + + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + let num_active = MAX_IN_COINS; // worst case: all 8 source slots active. + println!( + "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {num_active}/{MAX_IN_COINS}", + inner_rows.trailing_zeros() + ); + + let agg = prove_aggregator(inner_rows, num_active); + println!( + "KoalaBear aggregation: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB ({} active)", + agg.build_ms, agg.cold_ms, agg.p50_ms, agg.p90_ms, agg.rss_mb, agg.num_active + ); + println!( + " vs BabyBear Probe X {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms : {}", + ratio_verdict(agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS) + ); + + // ===================== VERDICT ======================================= + let t_ratio = transition.p50_ms / BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS; + let x_ratio = agg.p50_ms / BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS; + println!("\n============================= Probe AD VERDICT ==============================="); + println!( + "{:<26} {:>12} {:>12} {:>10}", + "operation", "KoalaBear", "BabyBear", "ratio K/B" + ); + println!( + "{:<26} {:>10.1}ms {:>10.1}ms {:>10.3}", + "single transition (T)", transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS, t_ratio + ); + println!( + "{:<26} {:>10.1}ms {:>10.1}ms {:>10.3}", + "8+1 aggregation (X)", agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS, x_ratio + ); + + println!("\nIs KoalaBear meaningfully faster than BabyBear for zkCoins' workload?"); + let t_meaningful = !(1.0 / MARGIN_BAND..=MARGIN_BAND).contains(&t_ratio); + let x_meaningful = !(1.0 / MARGIN_BAND..=MARGIN_BAND).contains(&x_ratio); + println!( + " single transition : {}", + ratio_verdict(transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS) + ); + println!( + " 8+1 aggregation : {}", + ratio_verdict(agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS) + ); + println!("\nDoes KoalaBear's degree-3 native S-box help the hash-heavy recursion?"); + if x_ratio < 1.0 / MARGIN_BAND { + println!( + " YES — the aggregation (Poseidon-dominated) is {:.2}x faster in KoalaBear. The", + 1.0 / x_ratio + ); + println!(" degree-3 / 0-register in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table is the lever: the"); + println!(" recursion AIR that dominates the prove is structurally narrower per row."); + } else if x_ratio > MARGIN_BAND { + println!(" NO net help — KoalaBear's aggregation is SLOWER here. The +7 partial rounds"); + println!(" (20 vs 13) and field-specific MMCS/FFT costs outweigh the S-box saving."); + } else { + println!(" MARGINALLY — within the noise band. The degree-3 S-box's narrower hash table"); + println!(" is real structurally, but the +7 partial rounds (20 vs 13) largely offset it,"); + println!(" so the net per-op prove cost is a wash within measurement error."); + } + + // Weight the field decision by the WORKLOAD: at production fan-in the 8+1 + // aggregation prove dwarfs the single transition (Probe X showed the + // recursion prove is ~12x the transition and dominates the full /api/send), + // so the aggregation ratio carries the decision. A faster transition does + // NOT redeem a much slower aggregation — the dominant op rules. + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); + println!("Workload weighting: the 8+1 AGGREGATION dominates the full populated send (Probe X:"); + println!( + " recursion prove ~12x the single transition), so its K/B ratio drives the decision." + ); + if x_meaningful && x_ratio > 1.0 { + // Dominant op is meaningfully SLOWER under KoalaBear: this is decisive. + println!( + "VERDICT: KoalaBear is NOT faster for zkCoins' workload — it is {x_ratio:.2}x SLOWER on the" + ); + println!( + " DOMINANT operation (8+1 aggregation: {:.0} ms vs {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms). The single", + agg.p50_ms + ); + if t_ratio < 1.0 { + println!( + " transition is {:.2}x faster in KoalaBear, but the transition is a small slice of the", + 1.0 / t_ratio + ); + println!(" real send, so that local win does NOT redeem the aggregation regression."); + } + println!( + " Mechanism: KoalaBear's degree-3 native S-box DOES give a narrower leaf hash table" + ); + println!( + " (the transition win), but the recursion's in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier runs 20" + ); + println!( + " partial rounds vs BabyBear's 13 — and the recursion AIR's per-perm ROW count, not" + ); + println!( + " the S-box register width, dominates the aggregation prove. The +7 rounds, plus" + ); + println!( + " KoalaBear-specific MMCS/FFT costs at lower 2-adicity, outweigh the S-box saving." + ); + println!(" RECOMMENDATION: STAY ON BabyBear. It is faster on the operation that actually"); + println!(" gates the /api/send budget, AND it has higher 2-adicity (27 vs 24) for NTT"); + println!( + " headroom, AND every prior probe (T/V/W/X) is already BabyBear (zero re-validation)." + ); + println!(" KoalaBear is not the field for this workload."); + } else if !t_meaningful && !x_meaningful { + println!( + "VERDICT: KoalaBear is NOT meaningfully faster than BabyBear for zkCoins' workload." + ); + println!( + " Both load-bearing operations land within +/-{:.0}% of BabyBear — a WASH, as the", + (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 + ); + println!( + " theory predicts for two 31-bit Montgomery fields with near-identical field-mul" + ); + println!(" speed. The degree-3-S-box / +7-partial-rounds tradeoff roughly cancels."); + println!( + " RECOMMENDATION: the field choice is a MARGINAL TIEBREAKER, not a perf decider." + ); + println!( + " Prefer BabyBear on NON-perf grounds: higher 2-adicity (27 vs 24) gives more NTT" + ); + println!( + " headroom for large traces, and every prior probe (T/V/W/X) is already BabyBear," + ); + println!( + " so the whole audit's numbers carry over with zero re-validation. KoalaBear is a" + ); + println!(" sound alternative with no meaningful speed penalty, not a reason to switch."); + } else if x_meaningful && x_ratio < 1.0 { + // Dominant op meaningfully FASTER under KoalaBear: KoalaBear wins. + println!( + "VERDICT: KoalaBear IS faster for zkCoins' workload — {:.2}x faster on the DOMINANT 8+1", + 1.0 / x_ratio + ); + println!( + " aggregation ({:.0} ms vs {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms), the op that gates /api/send.", + agg.p50_ms + ); + println!(" The degree-3 / 0-register in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table is the lever."); + println!( + " RECOMMENDATION: KoalaBear is the faster field here; weigh that against BabyBear's" + ); + println!( + " higher 2-adicity + the cost of re-validating every prior probe under KoalaBear." + ); + } else { + // Aggregation a wash, transition meaningful (either direction). + println!( + "VERDICT: the DOMINANT 8+1 aggregation is a WASH (K/B={x_ratio:.3}); only the smaller" + ); + println!( + " single transition shows a {} (K/B={t_ratio:.3}).", + if t_ratio < 1.0 { + "KoalaBear edge" + } else { + "KoalaBear penalty" + } + ); + println!( + " RECOMMENDATION: a marginal tiebreaker at most. Prefer BabyBear (higher 2-adicity," + ); + println!( + " already-validated across every probe); KoalaBear offers no decisive workload win." + ); + } + println!( + "Soundness: both fields use their OWN native cryptographic Poseidon2 (KoalaBear x^3 /" + ); + println!(" 20 partial rounds, BabyBear x^7 / 13 partial rounds), each designed to 128-bit"); + println!(" security. No soundness difference to weigh — both are production-intended params."); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Hard asserts: both operations proved + verified above (panics on failure). + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + { + assert!( + t_packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed KoalaBear in T-analog, got {t_packing}" + ); + assert!( + x_packing.contains("Neon") || x_packing != core::any::type_name::(), + "expected NEON-packed KoalaBear in X-analog, got {x_packing}" + ); + } +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b464f3c --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs @@ -0,0 +1,1058 @@ +//! Probe AE — the **final composed measurement**: the RECOMMENDED Plonky3 +//! best-config for the zkCoins full send-prove, proved end-to-end and reduced +//! to ONE honest number. This is where the pre-port research lands. +//! +//! # What this probe answers +//! +//! "Under the config the whole research recommends — BabyBear, the Probe-T +//! transition tables, and the Probe-AC/AB N=4+1 aggregation at cheaper-inner-FRI +//! q=48 — how long does the COMPLETE Plonky3 send-prove take, end to end, with +//! real proving and real verification? And what is that versus Plonky2's 4.35 s +//! warm single-prove and ~10 s live `/api/send`?" +//! +//! Nothing here is re-derived. The recommended config was established by the +//! earlier probes and is reused verbatim: +//! +//! * **Field: BabyBear.** Probe AD ruled out KoalaBear (2.1x slower on the +//! dominant aggregation prove). +//! * **Transition: Probe T's representative tables** — the degree-7 +//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` sized to ~4500 Poseidon2 perms (1024 rows) PLUS +//! a degree-3 arithmetic table at the realistic-anchor height 2^13, proved +//! as ONE batched FRI proof (Probe T's faithful approach (a)). +//! * **Aggregation: N=4 sources + 1 IVC predecessor** (`MAX_IN_COINS = 4`, the +//! protocol-lever point Probe AC isolated) verified IN-CIRCUIT with real +//! MMCS opening checks, at **cheaper-inner-FRI q=48 (64-bit inner, +//! `[VERIFY]`)** per Probe AB. Proved via the low-level `prove_all_tables` +//! path (the #436-safe recipe). +//! +//! # Can the whole thing be ONE `prove_batch`? No — and here is the precise why. +//! +//! The two table-sets live under two GENUINELY INCOMPATIBLE STARK configs, so a +//! single shared batch is not possible; Probe AE is therefore the TIGHTEST +//! TWO-PROVE PIPELINE, and states so plainly: +//! +//! * The **transition** tables are committed under Probe T's `HidingFriPcs` +//! over a **Keccak**-sponge `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` (`SerializingChallenger32`, +//! `BinomialExtensionField`, blowup-2 ZK FRI). They are custom +//! hand-written AIRs (`VectorizedPoseidon2Air` + `ArithAir`) proved with +//! `p3_batch_stark::prove_batch`. +//! * The **aggregation** circuit is committed under Probe AC's +//! `TwoAdicFriPcs` over a **Poseidon2 field-native** `MerkleTreeMmcs` +//! (`DuplexChallenger`, blowup-1 inner FRI). It is a `p3-circuit` +//! `CircuitBuilder` compiled to its primitive tables and proved with +//! `BatchStarkProver::prove_all_tables`. +//! +//! These differ in the MMCS hash (Keccak vs Poseidon2), the PCS type +//! (`HidingFriPcs` vs `TwoAdicFriPcs`), the challenger (`SerializingChallenger32` +//! vs `DuplexChallenger`), the FRI strength, and — decisively — the PROVER ENTRY +//! POINT (`prove_batch` over hand-AIRs vs `prove_all_tables` over a compiled +//! circuit). `prove_batch` cannot ingest a `CircuitBuilder`'s tables and +//! `prove_all_tables` cannot ingest hand-written `Air`s under a foreign PCS. A +//! single `prove_batch` would require ONE config + ONE AIR-type + ONE prover for +//! both halves — which does not exist across these two stacks. The faithful +//! production shape is therefore two proofs run back-to-back, exactly as the +//! real node would: prove the transition, then prove the aggregation that folds +//! the in-coins. Probe AE measures their COMBINED wall-time as the single +//! send-prove number, and cross-checks it against the sum-of-parts estimate. +//! +//! (Note: even in a hypothetical unified stack the aggregation's INNER carrier +//! proofs must be produced BEFORE the aggregator can verify them in-circuit, so +//! a true one-shot batch is precluded by the recursion data-dependency too, not +//! only by the config mismatch. The two-prove pipeline is the honest shape.) +//! +//! # The hiding (ZK) headline question +//! +//! The brief asks for the non-zk headline plus the hiding delta if cheap. The +//! transition half already runs under TRUE ZK (`HidingFriPcs`, +//! `num_random_codewords = 4`) — that is Probe T's recommended config, so the +//! transition number is INTRINSICALLY the hiding one (no cheaper non-hiding +//! transition is part of the recommendation). The aggregation half is measured +//! non-zk (matching Probe AC/AB/X, where the recursion prove is non-hiding and +//! hiding is an outer-layer concern). The composed headline is thus +//! "hiding-transition + non-zk-aggregation", the faithful production mix, and +//! the verdict states this explicitly rather than papering a uniform label over +//! two different halves. Probe W already quantified the pure hiding delta on a +//! transition-class table as a small additive term; it is cited, not re-run +//! here (re-running it would not change the composed number, which already +//! includes the hiding transition). +//! +//! # What is measured +//! +//! For the transition prove, the aggregation prove, and the COMPOSED pipeline: +//! build wall-time, cold prove, warm p50/p90 over >=5 runs (after a warmup), and +//! peak RSS. Every proof is verified (hard gate). Packing type + thread count +//! printed. The composed warm series is built by running BOTH proves +//! back-to-back inside each timed iteration, so p50/p90 are of the real +//! end-to-end send-prove, not a post-hoc sum. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification of every proof. The +//! faster/slower verdicts vs Plonky2 are REPORTED findings, never asserts — an +//! unfavourable datum is surfaced honestly. The two `[VERIFY]` conditions the +//! headline rests on are restated in full at the end: +//! 1. the 64-bit inner-FRI composition argument (q=48 inner), and +//! 2. the `MAX_IN_COINS = 4` protocol change. + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +// --- transition (Probe T) crypto stack ------------------------------------ +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, + default_babybear_poseidon2_16, +}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData as BatchProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, + verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::{DuplexChallenger, HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit::{Circuit, CircuitBuilder, NonPrimitiveOpId, Traces}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{ + BatchStarkProof, poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders, +}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{ + CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher, TruncatedPermutation, +}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// ========================================================================== +// PART 1 — Transition prove config (Probe T recipe, verbatim). +// ========================================================================== +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type TChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type TCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type TValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + TCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type TChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type TChallenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type TDft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type TPcs = HidingFriPcs; +type TConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// Degree-7 cryptographic Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe T / V). +type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count. +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +/// Realistic-anchor arith table height (Probe T's low sweep end = the anchor). +const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; +const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; +const CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +/// Witness trace satisfying `ArithAir` exactly (Probe T's generator). +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +/// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched transition proof (Probe T). +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + HashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +fn build_transition_config() -> (TConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = TCompress::new(u64_hash); + let val_mmcs = TValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = TChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + let dft = TDft::default(); + let pcs = TPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + let challenger = TChallenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (TConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +/// Prepared transition prover state (built once, reused across warm runs). +struct TransitionProver { + config: TConfig, + airs: [TableAir; 2], + prover_data: BatchProverData, + hash_trace: RowMajorMatrix, + arith_trace: RowMajorMatrix, + build_ms: f64, +} + +impl TransitionProver { + /// Build config, AIRs, traces, and the batch `ProverData` (the build stage). + fn build() -> Self { + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let (config, log_blowup) = build_transition_config(); + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); + let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); + + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + let prover_data: BatchProverData = BatchProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + &config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + Self { + config, + airs, + prover_data, + hash_trace, + arith_trace, + build_ms, + } + } + + /// One batched transition prove (NOT verified — caller verifies when needed). + fn prove(&self) -> BatchProof { + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&self.hash_trace, &self.arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&self.airs, &traces, &pvs); + prove_batch(&self.config, &instances, &self.prover_data) + } + + fn verify(&self, proof: &BatchProof) { + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + verify_batch( + &self.config, + &self.airs, + proof, + &pvs, + &self.prover_data.common, + ) + .expect("Probe AE transition proof must verify"); + } + + fn hash_rows(&self) -> usize { + self.hash_trace.height() + } +} + +// ========================================================================== +// PART 2 — Aggregation prove config (Probe AC recipe @ q=48, N=4+1). +// ========================================================================== +type F = BabyBear; +const D: usize = 4; +const A_RATE: usize = 8; +const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type AChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type ADft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; +type AHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type ACompress = TruncatedPermutation; +type AMmcs = + MerkleTreeMmcs<::Packing, ::Packing, AHash, ACompress, 2, DIGEST_ELEMS>; +type AChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type AChallenger = DuplexChallenger; +type APcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type AConfig = StarkConfig; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + AChallenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs>, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// Cheaper-inner-FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits) — Probe AB's +/// `[VERIFY]` lever, the recommended aggregation FRI. +const Q48_NUM_QUERIES: usize = 48; +const Q48_LOG_BLOWUP: usize = 1; +const Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS: usize = 16; +const Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS: usize = 0; +const Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN: usize = 0; + +fn q48_conjectured_bits() -> usize { + Q48_LOG_BLOWUP * Q48_NUM_QUERIES + Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS +} + +fn q48_fri_params(mmcs: AChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + FriParameters { + log_blowup: Q48_LOG_BLOWUP, + log_final_poly_len: Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN, + max_log_arity: 1, + num_queries: Q48_NUM_QUERIES, + commit_proof_of_work_bits: Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS, + query_proof_of_work_bits: Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS, + mmcs, + } +} + +fn make_agg_config() -> AConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = AHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = ACompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = AMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = AChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = q48_fri_params(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = APcs::new(ADft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + AConfig::new(pcs, AChallenger::new(perm)) +} + +fn agg_fri_verifier_params() -> FriVerifierParams { + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + Q48_LOG_BLOWUP, + Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN, + Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS, + Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) +} + +/// Probe R/X carrier AIR — `[v_in, v_out]` with native `v_out == v_in + 1`. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: BatchProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +fn prove_layer(config: &AConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = BatchProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify"); + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { + [*air] +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +fn add_carrier_verifier( + config: &AConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &Layer, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "carrier's two public values must surface" + ); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, A_RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, AChallenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &Layer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + AChallenge, + AChallengeMmcs, + AMmcs, + AHash, + ACompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &layer.proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data"); +} + +/// Prepared aggregation prover state for N=4+1 @ q48 (built once, reused warm). +struct AggregationProver { + prover: BatchStarkProver, + circuit_prover_data: CircuitProverData, + circuit: Circuit, + pubs: Vec, + privs: Vec, + pred: Layer, + sources: Vec, + pred_op_ids: Vec, + source_op_ids: Vec>, + build_ms: f64, + witness_count: usize, +} + +/// Number of source in-coin slots (the recommended `MAX_IN_COINS`). +const FAN_IN: usize = 4; + +impl AggregationProver { + /// Build the N=4+1 aggregator recursion circuit @ q48 and all prover state. + fn build() -> Self { + let config = make_agg_config(); + let vparams = agg_fri_verifier_params(); + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + + // inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + N sources. + let pred = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + let sources: Vec = (0..FAN_IN) + .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &pred); + + // 2. N source carriers, each with an active-bit mask (Probe E order). + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = + cb.alloc_const(AChallenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + // 3. IVC carry: cost-faithful select+connect (value-semantics in Probe R). + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + // compile to tables. + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + + // pack public/private inputs (all N source slots active, worst case). + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = pred_vi.pack_values(&pred.pvs, &pred.proof, pred.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(AChallenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot. + } + + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = BatchProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_agg_config()).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + Self { + prover, + circuit_prover_data, + circuit, + pubs, + privs, + pred, + sources, + pred_op_ids, + source_op_ids, + build_ms, + witness_count, + } + } + + /// Generate witness traces (part of each prove iteration, as in Probe AC). + fn run_witness(&self) -> Traces { + let mut runner = self.circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&self.pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&self.privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &self.pred_op_ids, &self.pred); + for (i, ids) in self.source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &self.sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") + } + + /// One aggregation prove (witness-gen + prove_all_tables). NOT verified. + fn prove(&self) -> BatchStarkProof { + let traces = self.run_witness(); + self.prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &self.circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit") + } + + fn verify(&self, proof: &BatchStarkProof) { + self.prover + .verify_all_tables(proof) + .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); + } +} + +// ========================================================================== +// Shared helpers. +// ========================================================================== +const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct Stage { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +// ========================================================================== +// Composition anchors (from the prior probes / migration research). +// ========================================================================== +/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove reference, ms (sum-of-parts). +const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; +/// Probe AC N=4 @ q48 aggregation reference, ms (sum-of-parts). +const PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS: f64 = 980.0; +/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. +const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; +/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. +const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. +const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; + +#[test] +fn probe_ae_best_config() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n========= Probe AE: the RECOMMENDED best-config full send-prove ========="); + println!("FINAL composed measurement — real proving, real verification, one honest number."); + println!("config (reused, NOT re-derived):"); + println!(" field : BabyBear (Probe AD ruled out KoalaBear, 2.1x slower on aggregation)"); + println!(" transition : Probe T degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table (~4500 perms) + degree-3 arith"); + println!(" 2^13, ONE prove_batch under HidingFriPcs/Keccak (TRUE ZK, blowup-2)"); + println!(" aggregation: N=4 sources + 1 IVC predecessor (MAX_IN_COINS=4), in-circuit"); + println!(" verify_batch_circuit @ cheaper-inner-FRI q=48 (64-bit [VERIFY]),"); + println!(" prove_all_tables low-level path, TwoAdicFriPcs/Poseidon2 (non-zk)"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" + ); + println!("---------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!("WHY TWO PROVES, NOT ONE BATCH: the transition (HidingFriPcs/Keccak, hand-AIRs,"); + println!("prove_batch) and the aggregation (TwoAdicFriPcs/Poseidon2, compiled CircuitBuilder,"); + println!("prove_all_tables) are different StarkConfigs with different MMCS/PCS/challenger and"); + println!("different prover ENTRY POINTS. No single prove_batch ingests both. Also the inner"); + println!( + "carrier proofs must exist before the aggregator can verify them (recursion data-dep)." + ); + println!( + "=> the faithful production shape is the TIGHTEST TWO-PROVE PIPELINE, measured below." + ); + + // ---- build both provers (the build stage) ---------------------------- + let transition = TransitionProver::build(); + let aggregation = AggregationProver::build(); + println!("---------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "transition : hash table {} rows (degree-7) + arith 2^{} ({} cols x {} deg-3 c/row)", + transition.hash_rows(), + log2(ARITH_HEIGHT), + ARITH_WIDTH, + CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW + ); + println!( + "aggregation : N={}+1 verified, q=48 ({} conjectured bits), public_flat_len={}", + FAN_IN, + q48_conjectured_bits(), + aggregation.witness_count + ); + + // ---- transition: cold + warm ----------------------------------------- + let t = Instant::now(); + let tproof = transition.prove(); + let t_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + transition.verify(&tproof); + let _ = transition.prove(); // warmup + let mut t_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last_t = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = transition.prove(); + t_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_t = Some(p); + } + transition.verify(&last_t.unwrap()); + t_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let transition_stage = Stage { + build_ms: transition.build_ms, + cold_ms: t_cold, + p50_ms: quantile(&t_times, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(&t_times, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + }; + + // ---- aggregation: cold + warm ---------------------------------------- + let t = Instant::now(); + let aproof = aggregation.prove(); + let a_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + aggregation.verify(&aproof); + let _ = aggregation.prove(); // warmup + let mut a_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last_a = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = aggregation.prove(); + a_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_a = Some(p); + } + aggregation.verify(&last_a.unwrap()); + a_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let aggregation_stage = Stage { + build_ms: aggregation.build_ms, + cold_ms: a_cold, + p50_ms: quantile(&a_times, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(&a_times, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + }; + + // ---- COMPOSED: both proves back-to-back in each timed iteration ------- + // This is the real end-to-end send-prove. Cold = first composed run; + // warm p50/p90 measure the genuine pipeline, not a post-hoc sum. + let t = Instant::now(); + let ct0 = transition.prove(); + let ca0 = aggregation.prove(); + let composed_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + transition.verify(&ct0); + aggregation.verify(&ca0); + // warmup composed iteration. + let _ = transition.prove(); + let _ = aggregation.prove(); + let mut c_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last_ct = None; + let mut last_ca = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let ct = transition.prove(); + let ca = aggregation.prove(); + c_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_ct = Some(ct); + last_ca = Some(ca); + } + transition.verify(&last_ct.unwrap()); + aggregation.verify(&last_ca.unwrap()); + c_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let composed_stage = Stage { + build_ms: transition.build_ms + aggregation.build_ms, + cold_ms: composed_cold, + p50_ms: quantile(&c_times, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(&c_times, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + }; + + // ---- results table ---------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= Probe AE results (warm) ========================="); + println!( + "{:<22} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", + "stage", "build", "cold", "warm_p50", "warm_p90", "rss_MB" + ); + let print_stage = |label: &str, s: &Stage| { + println!( + "{:<22} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>9.0}", + label, s.build_ms, s.cold_ms, s.p50_ms, s.p90_ms, s.rss_mb + ); + }; + print_stage("transition (T, ZK)", &transition_stage); + print_stage("aggregation (AC q48)", &aggregation_stage); + print_stage("COMPOSED send-prove", &composed_stage); + + // ---- (a) batch-vs-sum-of-parts --------------------------------------- + let measured_sum = transition_stage.p50_ms + aggregation_stage.p50_ms; + let estimate_sum = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS; + println!("\n------------------------- (a) composed vs sum-of-parts -------------------------"); + println!( + "sum-of-parts ESTIMATE : T {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + AC N=4 q48 {PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS:.0} ms = {estimate_sum:.0} ms" + ); + println!( + "measured parts (here) : transition {:.0} ms + aggregation {:.0} ms = {measured_sum:.0} ms", + transition_stage.p50_ms, aggregation_stage.p50_ms + ); + println!("COMPOSED measured p50 : {:.0} ms", composed_stage.p50_ms); + // The two proves are distinct stacks run sequentially (no shared FRI commit + // to fold), so batching cannot beat the sum — the composed time IS ~= the + // sum of the two stages. Stated plainly rather than spun. + let overhead = composed_stage.p50_ms - measured_sum; + if composed_stage.p50_ms <= measured_sum * 1.05 { + println!( + "=> composed ~= sum of parts (delta {overhead:+.0} ms, <=5%). Two distinct STARK stacks" + ); + println!( + " run sequentially share NO FRI commit/query work, so batching CANNOT beat the sum;" + ); + println!(" the honest send-prove number is the sequential total, as measured."); + } else { + println!( + "=> composed {overhead:+.0} ms vs measured sum (sequential overhead / RSS pressure)." + ); + } + + // ---- (b) prove vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm single-prove ------------------- + println!("\n--------------- (b) composed send-prove vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm ---------------"); + let prove_p50 = composed_stage.p50_ms; + let (prove_rel, prove_fac) = if prove_p50 < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / prove_p50) + } else { + ("SLOWER", prove_p50 / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) + }; + println!( + "composed Plonky3 full send-prove = {prove_p50:.0} ms warm p50 -> {prove_rel} than Plonky2's" + ); + println!( + " {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove by {prove_fac:.2}x (apples-to-apples single-prove)." + ); + + // ---- (c) recomposed e2e /api/send vs Plonky2 ~10 s live -------------- + let e2e_ms = composed_stage.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; + let e2e_s = e2e_ms / 1000.0; + let (e2e_rel, e2e_fac) = if e2e_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / e2e_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", e2e_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) + }; + println!("\n------------- (c) recomposed e2e /api/send vs Plonky2 ~10 s live -------------"); + println!( + "e2e /api/send = composed prove {:.0} ms + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms = {e2e_ms:.0} ms ({e2e_s:.2} s)", + composed_stage.p50_ms + ); + println!( + " -> {e2e_rel} than Plonky2's live ~{:.0} s send by {e2e_fac:.2}x.", + PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / 1000.0 + ); + + // ---- THE VERDICT LINE the whole research ends on --------------------- + println!("\n================================ VERDICT ==================================="); + println!( + "Under the recommended config, the Plonky3 full send-prove is {prove_p50:.0} ms = {prove_fac:.2}x" + ); + println!( + "{prove_rel} than Plonky2's 4.35 s warm single-prove; the e2e /api/send is {e2e_s:.2} s =" + ); + println!("{e2e_fac:.2}x {e2e_rel} than Plonky2's ~10 s live send."); + println!("This headline rests on TWO [VERIFY] conditions, restated in full:"); + println!( + " [VERIFY] 1 — 64-bit inner-FRI composition argument: the aggregation's inner carrier" + ); + println!( + " proofs use q=48 (1*48 + 16-bit PoW = 64 conjectured bits) inner FRI. This" + ); + println!( + " is sound ONLY if the recursion composition tolerates a 64-bit inner layer" + ); + println!( + " under a full-strength outer — an UNVERIFIED cryptographic assumption that" + ); + println!(" a cryptographer must sign off before deployment."); + println!( + " [VERIFY] 2 — MAX_IN_COINS=4 protocol change: the aggregation verifies 4 source slots," + ); + println!( + " not the current 8. This is a PROTOCOL restriction (a send caps at 4 in-" + ); + println!( + " coins; wallets with more small coins consolidate first or split the send)." + ); + println!( + "Transition half runs TRUE ZK (HidingFriPcs); aggregation half is non-zk (outer-layer" + ); + println!( + "hiding is a separate, small additive term — see Probe W). The composed headline is the" + ); + println!( + "faithful production mix: hiding transition + non-zk recursion, both proofs verified." + ); + println!("===========================================================================\n"); + + // ---- hard gates: measured + verified --------------------------------- + assert!(transition_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "transition measured"); + assert!(aggregation_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "aggregation measured"); + assert!(composed_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "composed measured"); + // Composed must be at least as large as either part (sequential pipeline). + assert!( + composed_stage.p50_ms >= transition_stage.p50_ms, + "composed >= transition part" + ); + assert!( + composed_stage.p50_ms >= aggregation_stage.p50_ms, + "composed >= aggregation part" + ); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e7efa31 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +//! Probe Q — a custom AIR's PUBLIC VALUE crosses a batch-recursion layer (overturns +//! the scoped NO-GO). +//! +//! Probes D/G/H found `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` and concluded "no per-instance +//! value channel across a batch layer". That finding was **scoped too narrowly**: it +//! only exercised the three PRIMITIVE tables (Const/Public/Alu, which structurally emit +//! zero AIR public values) and `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (which live in the +//! committed Public *table*). Upstream PR #407 ("feat: support public values", merged +//! 2026-03-19, **present in our pinned rev 524665d**) wires per-instance AIR public +//! values of NON-PRIMITIVE / raw AIRs through to the next layer's `air_public_targets`. +//! +//! This probe replicates upstream `recursion/tests/preprocessing.rs:: +//! test_batch_verifier_with_public_values` (+ the wrong-value negative) IN OUR CRATE: +//! a custom `PublicValueAir` (`num_public_values() = 1`) is proved with `prove_batch` +//! and verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit`; its public value surfaces as a +//! constrainable `air_public_target` and is SOUNDLY BOUND. +//! +//! * POSITIVE: correct public value → the in-circuit batch verifier runs. +//! * NEGATIVE: a wrong claimed public value → rejected (`run()` errors). +//! +//! Green ⇒ a per-instance value DOES cross a batch layer ⇒ the cross-layer value +//! channel that the IVC needs EXISTS (via a public-value-emitting AIR), and the +//! migration NO-GO is overturned for this construction. Uses BabyBear (the exact +//! upstream pattern); the mechanism is field-generic. + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; +use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// A raw AIR with one PUBLIC VALUE: trace width 2, constraint `local[0] == public[0]` +/// on the first row. The public value is bound to a committed trace cell. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct PublicValueAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl PublicValueAir { + fn generate_trace(&self) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { + let width = 2; + let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = Val::from_usize(row + 42); + values[idx + 1] = Val::from_usize(row + 1); + } + let pv = values[0]; + (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), vec![pv]) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for PublicValueAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 1 + } +} + +impl Air for PublicValueAir +where + AB::F: Field, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let local0 = local[0]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi0 = pis[0]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(local0, pi0); + } +} + +/// Verify a `PublicValueAir` batch proof in-circuit, claiming `claimed_pv` as the +/// public value. Returns Err if the in-circuit run fails. +fn verify_with_claimed_pv(claimed_pv: F) -> Result<(), String> { + let n = 1 << 3; + let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); + let fri_verifier_params = FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( + scalars.log_blowup, + scalars.log_final_poly_len, + scalars.commit_pow_bits, + scalars.query_pow_bits, + ); + let config = make_test_config(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + + let pv_air = PublicValueAir { rows: n }; + let (pv_trace, pv_vals) = pv_air.generate_trace::(); + let pvs = [pv_vals]; + + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &pv_air, + trace: &pv_trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); + let common_data = &prover_data.common; + let batch_proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(&config, &[pv_air], &batch_proof, &pvs, common_data) + .map_err(|e| format!("native verify: {e:?}"))?; + + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let air_public_counts = vec![1usize]; + let vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( + &mut cb, + &batch_proof, + common_data, + &air_public_counts, + ); + + // The public value IS surfaced as a constrainable target across the batch layer: + // exactly one instance, with exactly one per-instance public target (NOT [0,0,0]). + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 1, + "the custom AIR's public value MUST surface as 1 air_public_target (not [0,0,0])" + ); + + verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + &config, + &[pv_air], + &mut cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &fri_verifier_params, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + // Claim `claimed_pv` as the public value (correct or tampered). + let claimed = [vec![claimed_pv]]; + let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = vi.pack_values(&claimed, &batch_proof, common_data); + runner + .set_public_inputs(&public_inputs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + runner + .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_q_custom_public_value() { + // The committed public value is trace[0] = 42 (row 0: from_usize(0 + 42)). + let correct = F::from_usize(42); + + // POSITIVE: correct public value surfaces across the batch layer and verifies. + verify_with_claimed_pv(correct) + .expect("a custom AIR's public value MUST cross the batch layer and verify"); + + // NEGATIVE: a wrong claimed public value is rejected — the value is SOUNDLY BOUND + // across the layer (this is the cross-layer value channel the IVC needs). + assert!( + verify_with_claimed_pv(F::from_usize(999)).is_err(), + "a wrong claimed public value must be REJECTED across the batch layer" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7f330dae --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ +//! Probe R — an end-to-end carrier-table IVC chain: a counter value V is threaded +//! across >= 4 recursion layers via the PUBLIC-VALUE channel (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md +//! §5, the IVC `prev_account` value-carry that the real circuit needs). +//! +//! Probe Q established the *single-layer* fact: a custom AIR with +//! `num_public_values() > 0`, proved with `prove_batch`, surfaces its public value +//! as a NON-EMPTY, SOUNDLY-BOUND `air_public_target` in the next layer's +//! `verify_batch_circuit`. Probe R CHAINS that fact: it builds a real IVC chain +//! where layer N's carried value V_N is cryptographically threaded into layer N+1, +//! which re-emits V_{N+1} = V_N + 1 for the next layer, for 4 layers (V_0..V_3). +//! +//! ## Construction (B — lower-level, manual chain over `prove_batch`) +//! +//! Each layer N is a real `prove_batch` BatchProof of a single `CarrierAir` +//! instance whose TWO public values are `[v_in, v_out]`, with the increment +//! `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced NATIVELY inside the carrier AIR (and bound to +//! committed trace cells). Layer N commits `[V_{N-1}, V_N]` (layer 0 commits +//! `[V_0 - 1, V_0]`, i.e. its `v_in` is unconstrained-against-a-predecessor — it is +//! the base case). +//! +//! The cross-layer bind (the IVC step linking layer N to layer N+1) is a single +//! `CircuitBuilder` that: +//! 1. verifies layer N's carrier proof in-circuit (`verify_batch_circuit`), +//! surfacing `V_N = prev.air_public_targets[0][1]`, cryptographically bound to +//! layer N's proof; +//! 2. verifies layer N+1's carrier proof in-circuit, surfacing +//! `v_in^{N+1} = cur.air_public_targets[0][0]`, bound to layer N+1's proof; +//! 3. CONNECTS them: `prev.air_public_targets[0][1] == cur.air_public_targets[0][0]`. +//! +//! Running that link circuit proves V_N (from proof N) == v_in of proof N+1, and +//! each carrier internally forces v_out = v_in + 1, so chaining links 0->1->2->3 +//! proves V_3 = V_0 + 3 with every value threaded through a real proof's +//! public-value channel. This is the cross-layer value channel the IVC needs. +//! +//! * POSITIVE: the full 0->1->2->3 chain links; the carried value is provably +//! V_3 == V_0 + 3 (asserted on the concrete values bound by each proof). +//! * NEGATIVE 1 (forwarded value): a link whose layer N+1 claims a v_in that does +//! NOT equal layer N's V_out is REJECTED (the forward bind is sound). +//! * NEGATIVE 2 (carrier bind): a carrier proof that claims a public value its +//! committed trace did not commit is REJECTED at `prove_batch`/`verify_batch` +//! time (the carrier soundly binds its public value to the trace). +//! +//! Uses BabyBear (the exact upstream public-value pattern, matching Probe Q); the +//! mechanism is field-generic. + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_batch_stark::{BatchProof, ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; +use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// A carrier AIR with TWO public values `[v_in, v_out]` and the increment +/// `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced natively. Trace width 2: row 0 holds +/// `[v_in, v_out]`, bound to the public values on the first row. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + /// Trace committing `v_in = v` and `v_out = v + 1` on row 0. The public values + /// returned are `[v_in, v_out]` (taken from the committed cells), so a HONEST + /// carrier always satisfies `v_out == v_in + 1`. + fn honest_trace(&self, v: Val) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { + let width = 2; + let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + // v_in / v_out columns: only row 0 is constrained against the PIs and the + // increment; later rows just hold a valid (in, in+1) pair so the + // transition-free AIR is satisfied everywhere. + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + Val::ONE; + } + let pvs = vec![values[0], values[1]]; + (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), pvs) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl Air for CarrierAir +where + AB::F: Field, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + // Public values are bound to the committed trace cells on the first row... + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + // ...and the carrier natively enforces the +1 increment. + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +fn fri_params() -> FriVerifierParams { + let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); + FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( + scalars.log_blowup, + scalars.log_final_poly_len, + scalars.commit_pow_bits, + scalars.query_pow_bits, + ) +} + +/// One layer of the chain: a real `prove_batch` carrier proof committing +/// `[v_in, v_out]`. `v_in` and `v_out` are the *claimed* public values (so a caller +/// can deliberately claim a wrong pair to exercise the carrier-bind negative). +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove a carrier layer. The committed trace always encodes `(v, v+1)`; `claimed` +/// is the public-value pair handed to `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. With +/// `claimed = (v, v+1)` this is an honest layer; any other `claimed` is a tampered +/// carrier whose native verify must reject. +fn prove_layer(v: F, claimed: (F, F)) -> Result { + let n = 1 << 3; + let config = make_test_config(); + let air = CarrierAir { rows: n }; + let (trace, _honest_pvs) = air.honest_trace::(v); + let pvs = [vec![claimed.0, claimed.1]]; + + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(&config, &[air], &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .map_err(|e| format!("native verify: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + }) +} + +/// Allocate a carrier proof's batch-verifier inputs into `cb` and run +/// `verify_batch_circuit`, returning the verifier-inputs builder (so the caller can +/// read `air_public_targets` and pack values). Asserts the carrier surfaces exactly +/// two per-instance public targets (NOT `[0,0,0]`). +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +fn add_carrier_verifier(cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, layer: &Layer) -> Result { + let config = make_test_config(); + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "the carrier's two public values MUST surface as 2 air_public_targets (not [0,0,0])" + ); + verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + &config, + &[layer.air], + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &fri_params(), + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(vi) +} + +/// The IVC link circuit between two carrier proofs `prev` and `cur`: verify BOTH +/// in one circuit and (if `bind`) connect `prev.v_out == cur.v_in`. Run it; returns +/// Err if the in-circuit run fails (i.e. the link is rejected). +fn run_link(prev: &Layer, cur: &Layer, bind: bool) -> Result<(), String> { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let prev_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, prev)?; + let cur_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, cur)?; + + if bind { + // IVC thread: layer N's emitted v_out is layer N+1's consumed v_in. + cb.connect( + prev_vi.air_public_targets[0][1], + cur_vi.air_public_targets[0][0], + ); + } + + let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = prev_vi.pack_values(&prev.pvs, &prev.proof, prev.common()); + let (cur_pubs, cur_privs) = cur_vi.pack_values(&cur.pvs, &cur.proof, cur.common()); + pubs.extend(cur_pubs); + privs.extend(cur_privs); + runner + .set_public_inputs(&pubs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; + runner + .set_private_inputs(&privs) + .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; + runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; + Ok(()) +} + +#[test] +fn probe_r_carrier_chain() { + // V_0 = 10. The chain threads V_0 -> V_1 -> V_2 -> V_3 with each layer's carrier + // committing (V_{k-1}, V_k) and natively enforcing V_k = V_{k-1} + 1. + let v0 = 10u32; + + // Build 4 honest layers (depth 4: layers 0,1,2,3 => 3 IVC links). + // Layer k commits [v_{k-1}, v_k] = [v0+k-1, v0+k]. + let layers: Vec = (0..4) + .map(|k| { + let v_in = F::from_u32(v0 + k) - F::ONE; // v0 + k - 1 + prove_layer(v_in, (v_in, v_in + F::ONE)) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove honest layer {k}: {e}")) + }) + .collect(); + + // POSITIVE: every IVC link 0->1, 1->2, 2->3 verifies end-to-end. + for k in 0..3 { + run_link(&layers[k], &layers[k + 1], true) + .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("honest link {k}->{}: {e}", k + 1)); + } + + // The carried value is provably V_3 == V_0 + 3: each carrier's committed v_out is + // bound to its proof (Probe Q soundness) and each link binds v_out(N) == v_in(N+1), + // while each carrier enforces v_out == v_in + 1. Assert the concrete values. + let v3_out = layers[3].pvs[0][1]; + assert_eq!( + v3_out, + F::from_u32(v0 + 3), + "layer-3 carried value must be V_0 + 3 (counter threaded across 4 layers)" + ); + // And the forward-linkage of committed values holds across the whole chain. + for k in 0..3 { + assert_eq!( + layers[k].pvs[0][1], + layers[k + 1].pvs[0][0], + "committed v_out(layer {k}) must equal v_in(layer {})", + k + 1 + ); + } + + // NEGATIVE 1 (forwarded value): a layer 1 that claims a WRONG v_in (one that does + // NOT equal layer 0's v_out) must be REJECTED by the link bind. Build a layer + // whose carrier honestly commits (v0+5, v0+6) — a valid carrier, but the WRONG + // successor of layer 0 (which emitted v0). Linking 0 -> wrong must fail. + let wrong_in = F::from_u32(v0 + 5); + let wrong_successor = prove_layer(wrong_in, (wrong_in, wrong_in + F::ONE)) + .expect("a valid-but-wrong-successor carrier still proves natively"); + assert!( + run_link(&layers[0], &wrong_successor, true).is_err(), + "a link whose successor v_in != predecessor v_out must be REJECTED (forward bind sound)" + ); + // CONTROL: without the bind, the same mismatched pair is accepted — proving the + // rejection is purely the IVC thread bind, not some unrelated failure. + run_link(&layers[0], &wrong_successor, false) + .expect("without the IVC bind, a mismatched pair is accepted (control)"); + + // NEGATIVE 2 (carrier bind): a carrier proof that CLAIMS a public value its trace + // did not commit must be REJECTED at prove/verify time. The trace commits + // (v0, v0+1) but we claim v_out = v0+999 — the carrier's first-row bind rejects it. + let v = F::from_u32(v0); + let tampered = prove_layer(v, (v, F::from_u32(v0 + 999))); + assert!( + tampered.is_err(), + "a carrier claiming a public value it did not commit must be REJECTED (carrier soundly binds its PV)" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d054614 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +//! Probe R-cost — the carrier-table IVC chain's per-link cost at REAL-circuit +//! inner scale. +//! +//! Probe R (`probe_r_carrier_chain.rs`) established the *mechanism*: a depth-4 +//! IVC chain where each layer is a real `prove_batch` `CarrierAir` proof carrying +//! `[v_in, v_out]`, and each IVC link verifies two adjacent carriers in one +//! `CircuitBuilder` (`verify_batch_circuit`) and connects `v_out(N) == v_in(N+1)`. +//! But Probe R ran every carrier at a TOY inner size (`rows = 1 << 3`): the link +//! cost it measured is the verifier-circuit floor, NOT the cost of recursing over +//! a real-circuit-sized inner proof. +//! +//! Probe I (`probe_i_cost_projection.rs`) established the *bare-layer* baseline: +//! a single recursion layer over a ~2^16-gate inner proof costs ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB +//! (Goldilocks `prove_next_layer`). That is the bare recursion overhead with NO +//! carrier/public-value threading and NO two-proofs-per-link IVC construction. +//! +//! THIS probe closes the gap: it re-runs the Probe-R carrier chain with each +//! layer's inner `CarrierAir` trace SCALED UP toward the real ~2^16-row state +//! transition (`rows = 1 << 16`), keeping the carrier public-value threading +//! (`[v_in, v_out]`, `v_out == v_in + 1`, cross-layer `connect`) fully intact, and +//! measures: +//! * per-LAYER base build+prove+verify (`prove_batch` of a 2^16-row carrier); +//! * per-LINK build+prove(witness-gen)+verify (the IVC step: two +//! `verify_batch_circuit`s + the carry `connect`, run to completion); +//! * the whole-test peak RSS (capture via `/usr/bin/time -l`). +//! +//! It then reports the DELTA the carrier + chain construction adds over Probe I's +//! bare ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB, and renders a VERDICT against the ≤5 s warm-prove budget +//! per state transition (one transition ≈ one inner carrier prove + one IVC link). +//! +//! The scaling lever is purely the carrier trace HEIGHT: STARK prove cost +//! (LDE/FFT + Merkle commit + FRI) is dominated by trace height, so a 2^16-row +//! carrier is a faithful inner-proof-size proxy for the real ~2^16-row circuit +//! (same honest caveat as Probe I: the synthetic constraints are lighter per row +//! than the real Poseidon-heavy circuit, so this is an overhead FLOOR for that +//! size, not a full replica of the real prove cost). +//! +//! Uses BabyBear, matching Probe R, for consistency. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_batch_stark::{BatchProof, ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; +use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// A carrier AIR with TWO public values `[v_in, v_out]` and the increment +/// `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced natively (identical to Probe R's `CarrierAir`, +/// but the trace HEIGHT `rows` is the scaling lever for inner-proof size). Trace +/// width 2: row 0 holds `[v_in, v_out]`, bound to the public values on the first +/// row; later rows just hold a valid `(in, in+1)` pair so the transition-free AIR +/// is satisfied at every one of the `rows` rows. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: Val) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { + let width = 2; + let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + Val::ONE; + } + let pvs = vec![values[0], values[1]]; + (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), pvs) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl Air for CarrierAir +where + AB::F: Field, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +fn fri_params() -> FriVerifierParams { + let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); + FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( + scalars.log_blowup, + scalars.log_final_poly_len, + scalars.commit_pow_bits, + scalars.query_pow_bits, + ) +} + +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height, returning the +/// layer and the base build+prove+verify wall time in milliseconds. +fn prove_layer_timed(v: F, rows: usize) -> (Layer, u128) { + let config = make_test_config(); + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let claimed = (v, v + F::ONE); + + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let (trace, _honest_pvs) = air.honest_trace::(v); + let pvs = [vec![claimed.0, claimed.1]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(&config, &[air], &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify"); + let ms = t0.elapsed().as_millis(); + + ( + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + }, + ms, + ) +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +fn add_carrier_verifier(cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, layer: &Layer) -> Vi { + let config = make_test_config(); + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "the carrier's two public values MUST surface as 2 air_public_targets" + ); + verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + &config, + &[layer.air], + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + &fri_params(), + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier"); + vi +} + +/// One IVC link between adjacent carriers: build the link circuit (two +/// `verify_batch_circuit`s + the `v_out(prev) == v_in(cur)` carry `connect`) and +/// run it (witness-generation — `runner.run()` — which executes the in-circuit +/// verification of BOTH inner carrier proofs and the carry bind). Returns the +/// build + witness-gen wall time in ms. Panics if the link is rejected. +/// +/// CAVEAT: this is the link's witness-GENERATION, exactly as Probe R defines the +/// link — it is NOT a STARK *prove* of the link circuit. Probe I, by contrast, +/// measures `prove_next_layer` (a full STARK prove of the recursion layer). So the +/// two are different stages of the pipeline and the link time below is a floor, +/// not the eventual recursion-layer prove cost. +fn run_link_timed(prev: &Layer, cur: &Layer) -> u128 { + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + let prev_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, prev); + let cur_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, cur); + + // IVC thread: layer N's emitted v_out is layer N+1's consumed v_in. + cb.connect( + prev_vi.air_public_targets[0][1], + cur_vi.air_public_targets[0][0], + ); + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("build link circuit"); + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = prev_vi.pack_values(&prev.pvs, &prev.proof, prev.common()); + let (cur_pubs, cur_privs) = cur_vi.pack_values(&cur.pvs, &cur.proof, cur.common()); + pubs.extend(cur_pubs); + privs.extend(cur_privs); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + runner.run().expect("run link"); + t0.elapsed().as_millis() +} + +/// Probe-I bare-layer baseline (Goldilocks `prove_next_layer` over a ~2^16-gate +/// inner proof), for the carrier-construction delta. +const PROBE_I_LAYER_MS: u128 = 3200; +const PROBE_I_RSS_GB: f64 = 1.4; + +/// One full state TRANSITION in this IVC construction = one inner carrier prove +/// (`prove_batch` at real inner size) + one IVC link (`verify_batch_circuit` ×2 + +/// carry connect). This is the warm-prove cost the ≤5 s budget gates. +const WARM_BUDGET_MS: u128 = 5000; + +#[test] +fn probe_r_cost() { + // Scale each carrier's inner trace toward the real ~2^16-row state transition. + // 1<<16 rows = real-circuit inner-proof size proxy. + let rows = 1usize << 16; + let v0 = 10u32; + + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: inner CarrierAir rows = {rows} (1<<{}), field = BabyBear, depth-4 chain", + rows.trailing_zeros() + ); + + // Build 4 honest layers at the scaled inner size, timing each base carrier + // prove. Layer k commits [v0+k-1, v0+k]; carrier forces v_out = v_in + 1. + let mut layers = Vec::with_capacity(4); + let mut base_ms_each = Vec::with_capacity(4); + for k in 0..4u32 { + let v_in = F::from_u32(v0 + k) - F::ONE; // v0 + k - 1 + let (layer, ms) = prove_layer_timed(v_in, rows); + eprintln!("probe_r_cost: layer {k} base prove (rows={rows}) = {ms} ms"); + base_ms_each.push(ms); + layers.push(layer); + } + + // Time every IVC link 0->1, 1->2, 2->3 (each: 2× verify_batch_circuit at the + // scaled inner size + the carry connect, run to completion). + let mut link_ms_each = Vec::with_capacity(3); + for k in 0..3 { + let ms = run_link_timed(&layers[k], &layers[k + 1]); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: IVC link {k}->{} build+witness-gen (in-circuit verify, NOT a STARK prove) = {ms} ms", + k + 1 + ); + link_ms_each.push(ms); + } + + // The carry value is still provably V_3 == V_0 + 3 at the scaled size: the + // threading is intact, only the inner trace grew. + assert_eq!( + layers[3].pvs[0][1], + F::from_u32(v0 + 3), + "layer-3 carried value must be V_0 + 3 (threading intact at scaled size)" + ); + + // --- Aggregate + DELTA vs Probe I -------------------------------------- + let n_layers = base_ms_each.len() as u128; + let n_links = link_ms_each.len() as u128; + let base_avg = base_ms_each.iter().sum::() / n_layers; + let link_avg = link_ms_each.iter().sum::() / n_links; + // One transition = one inner carrier prove + one IVC link. + let transition_ms = base_avg + link_avg; + + eprintln!("probe_r_cost: ===== SUMMARY ====="); + eprintln!("probe_r_cost: per-layer base carrier prove (avg over {n_layers}) = {base_avg} ms"); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: per-link IVC witness-gen (avg over {n_links}) = {link_avg} ms (in-circuit verify, NOT a STARK prove)" + ); + eprintln!("probe_r_cost: per-TRANSITION (inner prove + IVC link) = {transition_ms} ms"); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: Probe I bare-layer baseline = {PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms / {PROBE_I_RSS_GB} GB (a full prove_next_layer STARK prove)" + ); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: DELTA transition vs Probe I bare layer = {} ms ({:+} ms vs the {PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms bare floor)", + transition_ms, + transition_ms as i128 - PROBE_I_LAYER_MS as i128 + ); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: NOTE — Probe I's layer = a STARK PROVE of the recursion layer; this probe's link = witness-GEN only, so the link figure is a floor, not the eventual link-prove cost." + ); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: peak RSS: capture via `/usr/bin/time -l cargo nextest run probe_r_cost --no-capture` (compare vs Probe I {PROBE_I_RSS_GB} GB)" + ); + + // --- VERDICT against the ≤5 s warm-prove budget ------------------------ + // The budget-gating quantity is NOT the witness-gen floor (`transition_ms`) + // — it is the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit, whose cost is the + // Probe-I recursion-layer-prove class (≈3.2 s), plus the inner carrier prove. + // So gate the verdict on `base_avg + PROBE_I_LAYER_MS`, and report the + // witness-gen floor only as a separate (much smaller) lower bound. + let prove_gated_ms = base_avg + PROBE_I_LAYER_MS; + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: witness-gen floor per-transition (inner prove + link witness-gen) = {transition_ms} ms (NOT the budget gate)" + ); + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: budget-gating estimate per-transition (inner prove {base_avg} ms + link STARK-prove ≈{PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms class) = {prove_gated_ms} ms" + ); + if prove_gated_ms <= WARM_BUDGET_MS { + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: VERDICT = WITHIN BUDGET — gating estimate {prove_gated_ms} ms <= {WARM_BUDGET_MS} ms warm budget (~{} ms headroom; re-measure vs the real Poseidon-heavy circuit in Phase 5)", + WARM_BUDGET_MS - prove_gated_ms + ); + } else { + eprintln!( + "probe_r_cost: VERDICT = !!! BLOWS BUDGET !!! — gating estimate {prove_gated_ms} ms > {WARM_BUDGET_MS} ms warm budget (over by {} ms / {:.2}x)", + prove_gated_ms - WARM_BUDGET_MS, + prove_gated_ms as f64 / WARM_BUDGET_MS as f64 + ); + } + + // The test PASSES on measurement regardless of the verdict — the budget call + // is a reported finding, not a hard assertion (the chain still proves sound). +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f75ffd5d --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs @@ -0,0 +1,441 @@ +//! Probe S — FAIR apples-to-apples Plonky3-vs-Plonky2 prover-speed benchmark. +//! +//! # Why this probe exists +//! +//! The earlier spike probes (I/R) measured a *recursion* overhead in +//! **Goldilocks** with **untuned FRI** (the default low-security +//! `new_testing` parameters). That was deliberate — those probes only needed +//! to demonstrate that the recursion machinery composes; they were never an +//! honest production-prover timing. As a result they CANNOT answer the +//! load-bearing question: +//! +//! > Is Plonky3 (BabyBear, production-tuned FRI, SIMD field packing) +//! > actually *faster* than the Plonky2 (Goldilocks) prover for a +//! > zkCoins-comparable workload? +//! +//! This probe answers it directly. It proves a **BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK** +//! with `p3_uni_stark::prove` / `verify`, under **production-tuned FRI** +//! (`FriParameters::new_benchmark*`: 100 queries, 16-bit PoW), with the same +//! field, hash family and packing a real BabyBear deployment would use, and +//! prints a direct comparison against the measured Plonky2 baseline. +//! +//! ## The Plonky2 baseline (measured, M5 Max) +//! +//! The real zkCoins state-transition circuit (Plonky2, Goldilocks) measures +//! **4.35 s p50 / 3.9 GB peak RSS** on an Apple M5 Max. Its profile (from +//! `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.17`): ~2^16 trace rows, ~50k gates, ~4500 +//! Poseidon hashes. +//! +//! ## Fair-comparison design +//! +//! * **Field.** BabyBear (31-bit) + degree-4 binomial extension — the +//! canonical small-field Plonky3 choice. Plonky2 uses Goldilocks (64-bit). +//! BabyBear is where Plonky3's SIMD packing (NEON on aarch64, 4 lanes) +//! pays off, so this *is* the apples-to-apples Plonky3 configuration — the +//! point of the migration is precisely to switch field+packing. +//! * **Hash / MMCS.** Poseidon2 Merkle tree (sponge over width-24, 2-to-1 +//! compression over width-16) — the direct analogue of Plonky2's Poseidon +//! Merkle caps. We do NOT use the Keccak MMCS for the headline (that would +//! be apples-to-oranges vs Plonky2's algebraic hash). +//! * **FRI.** Production-tuned `new_benchmark` (log_blowup=1, 100 queries, +//! 16-bit query PoW) and `new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup=2) — NOT the +//! low-security testing params the I/R probes used. +//! * **DFT.** `Radix2DitParallel` — the parallel production DFT. +//! +//! ## Sizing brackets (both reported, both caveated) +//! +//! The AIR is the **non-vectorized** `Poseidon2Air` (one permutation per +//! trace row), so `num_hashes` directly controls the row count. It uses the +//! degree-3 S-box (see the `SBOX_DEGREE` const comment below for why degree-7 +//! is unusable on this path at the pinned rev, and why this does not move the +//! prove-time headline materially). +//! +//! * **Upper bound (hash-saturated): `num_hashes = 1<<16`.** A 2^16-row trace +//! doing 65 536 Poseidon permutations — ~14× more hashing than the real +//! circuit's ~4500 hashes. If Plonky3 beats 4.35 s *here*, the thesis holds +//! with a large margin. This is a conservative upper bound on prove cost. +//! * **Lower bound (hash-matched): `num_hashes = 4500`.** Padded by +//! `generate_trace_rows` to 2^13 = 8192 rows. Matches the real hash count +//! but a smaller trace; the real circuit's extra non-hash gates would push +//! it up somewhat. This is the closer like-for-like point. +//! * **Middle: `num_hashes = 1<<15`** for an intermediate data point. +//! +//! ## ZK note +//! +//! zkCoins proofs are zero-knowledge. The `new_benchmark_zk` row (log_blowup +//! = 2) is the zk-apples-to-apples FRI point. For a *timing* proxy we run it +//! on the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` (the blowup-2 parameter alone drives the +//! dominant prove cost — the FRI/Merkle work grows with the blowup; the extra +//! random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term). +//! This is labelled "blowup=2 (zk proxy)" everywhere it appears. A full +//! `HidingFriPcs` measurement is a follow-up if the proxy lands close to the +//! budget. +//! +//! ## Verdict policy +//! +//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + proof verification regardless +//! of the speed outcome. The speed verdict is a **reported finding**, not a +//! hard assert — if Plonky3 is *not* faster at some point, that is a result +//! to investigate (see the printed report), not to hide. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + default_babybear_poseidon2_16, default_babybear_poseidon2_24, +}; +use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::Field; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{Poseidon2Air, RoundConstants}; +use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; +use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// --- Poseidon2 / BabyBear AIR shape ----------------------------------------- +// +// S-box parameters. We use the degree-3 S-box (`x^3`, SBOX_REGISTERS = 0), +// which is exactly what Plonky3's own non-vectorized BabyBear Poseidon2 +// end-to-end tests use (`examples/src/tests.rs`, with the comment: "The AIR +// uses KoalaBear's S-box degree (3) ... This is intentional: the AIR test +// validates the proof system, not the hash function's security parameters"). +// +// Why not the cryptographic degree-7 (`x^7`) S-box? At this pinned Plonky3 rev +// the non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air` with SBOX_DEGREE = 7 (either +// SBOX_REGISTERS = 0 or 1) fails verification with `OodEvaluationMismatch` +// under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + `DuplexChallenger` path +// (the working upstream degree-7 example uses the *vectorized* AIR + Keccak +// MMCS + `HidingFriPcs`). Verified by bisection: degree-3 verifies on both FRI +// configs; degree-7 does not. This is a benchmark of *prover speed*. Honest +// magnitude: the S-box degree sets the constraint (hence quotient) degree — +// degree-3 uses 2 quotient chunks (quotient domain 2N), degree-7 would use 8 +// (8N), inflating ONLY the quotient stage ~4x while leaving trace commit + FRI +// untouched, i.e. a worst-case total prove inflation of ~1.5-2.5x (up to ~3x). +// That is NOT negligible, but it does not threaten the verdict: a full 3x on the +// weakest (4.2x) point still leaves Plonky3 ~1.4x ahead, and the fair +// hash-matched point degrades only from 61x/34x to ~20x/~11x. Plonky2's own +// baseline uses Goldilocks-Poseidon's degree-7 S-box, so this gap flatters +// Plonky3 in one bounded direction. degree-3 is a prover-speed proxy whose +// speedup is an over-estimate by at most ~3x, verdict robust across that range. +// The matching round count for the degree-3 width-16 BabyBear AIR is 20 +// partial rounds (KoalaBear's, as in the upstream test). +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = 3; +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 0; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = 20; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +// Width-16 / width-24 BabyBear Poseidon2 permutations (NEON-packed on aarch64). +type Perm16 = p3_baby_bear::Poseidon2BabyBear<16>; +type Perm24 = p3_baby_bear::Poseidon2BabyBear<24>; + +// Poseidon2 Merkle MMCS, mirroring `examples/src/types.rs::Poseidon2MerkleMmcs`: +// sponge over width-24 for hashing, 2-to-1 truncated permutation over width-16 +// for compression. Operates over the *packed* field for SIMD throughput. +type Poseidon2Sponge = PaddingFreeSponge; +type Poseidon2Compression = TruncatedPermutation; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + Poseidon2Sponge, + Poseidon2Compression, + 2, + 8, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; +type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type ProbeAir = Poseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, +>; + +/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. +const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; + +/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for a run. +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +enum FriChoice { + /// `new_benchmark`: log_blowup=1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW. Fastest + /// production / non-zk headline. + BenchBlowup1, + /// `new_benchmark_zk`: log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW, on the plain + /// `TwoAdicFriPcs`. The zk-apples-to-apples timing proxy. + BenchZkBlowup2, +} + +impl FriChoice { + fn label(self) -> &'static str { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk proxy)", + } + } + + fn params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), + } + } +} + +/// Build a fresh `(config, air, log_blowup)` bundle. Round-constant / perm / +/// PCS construction is *setup* — excluded from the timed region. +fn build(fri: FriChoice) -> (MyConfig, ProbeAir, usize) { + let perm16 = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let perm24 = default_babybear_poseidon2_24(); + + let hash = Poseidon2Sponge::new(perm24.clone()); + let compress = Poseidon2Compression::new(perm16); + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(hash, compress, 3); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = fri.params(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); + let challenger = Challenger::new(perm24); + let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); + + // Round constants for the AIR (deterministic seed for reproducibility). + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + let constants = + RoundConstants::::from_rng(&mut rng); + let air = ProbeAir::new(constants); + + (config, air, log_blowup) +} + +/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. +/// +/// `getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss` is **bytes** on macOS/darwin (it is KB +/// on Linux). This probe runs on macOS, so we divide by 1<<20. The value is a +/// high-water mark over the whole process lifetime, so it reflects the +/// largest prove run executed so far. +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + // Linux: ru_maxrss is in KB. + (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +struct RunResult { + num_hashes: usize, + rows: usize, + fri: FriChoice, + trace_gen_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + min_ms: f64, + max_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +/// Time `prove()` for one `(FRI config, num_hashes)` point. +/// +/// Protocol: 1 untimed warmup prove, then 5 timed proves; report p50/min/max. +/// `prove()` alone is timed (the part comparable to Plonky2's prove time); +/// trace generation is measured separately and reported. The proof is verified +/// once as a correctness gate. +fn run_point(fri: FriChoice, num_hashes: usize) -> RunResult { + const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; + + let (config, air, log_blowup) = build(fri); + + // The non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air::generate_trace_rows` requires the hash + // count to already be a power of two (one permutation == one trace row), so + // we pad up to the next power of two ourselves. 4500 -> 8192 = 2^13, which + // is exactly the documented padded row target for the hash-matched point. + let padded_hashes = num_hashes.next_power_of_two(); + + // Trace generation (separate measurement; the row count is what `prove` + // actually consumes). `log_blowup` appends extra-capacity bits used by the + // PCS quotient/LDE. + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let trace: RowMajorMatrix = air.generate_trace_rows(padded_hashes, log_blowup); + let trace_gen_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let rows = trace.height(); + + // Warmup (untimed): primes caches / allocator / any one-time init. + { + let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace.clone(), &[]); + verify(&config, &air, &proof, &[]).expect("warmup proof must verify"); + } + + let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); + let mut last_proof = None; + for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { + let trace_run = trace.clone(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace_run, &[]); + times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_proof = Some(proof); + } + + // Correctness gate. + let proof = last_proof.expect("at least one timed run"); + verify(&config, &air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe S proof must verify"); + + times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let p50_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() / 2]; + let min_ms = times_ms[0]; + let max_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1]; + + RunResult { + num_hashes, + rows, + fri, + trace_gen_ms, + p50_ms, + min_ms, + max_ms, + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +#[test] +fn probe_s_fair_bench() { + // --- Environment confirmation: packing + threads + DFT ------------------ + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() + .map(|n| n.get()) + .unwrap_or(0); + + println!("\n===================== Probe S: fair BabyBear prover bench ====================="); + println!("field : BabyBear + BinomialExtensionField<_, 4>"); + println!("hash / MMCS : Poseidon2 Merkle (sponge w24 / compress w16)"); + println!("DFT : Radix2DitParallel"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); + println!( + " -> SIMD packing active: {} ({} lanes vs scalar {})", + packing_active, packing_type, scalar_type + ); + println!("threads (avail) : {threads}"); + println!( + "Plonky2 baseline : {:.0} ms p50 / {:.0} MB RSS (real zkCoins state-transition, M5 Max)", + PLONKY2_P50_MS, PLONKY2_RSS_MB + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // Sizes: hash-matched lower bound, middle, hash-saturated upper bound. + let sizes: [(usize, &str); 3] = [ + ( + 4500, + "hash-matched lower bound (~real 4500 hashes -> 2^13 rows)", + ), + (1 << 15, "middle"), + (1 << 16, "hash-saturated upper bound (~14x real hash work)"), + ]; + let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; + + let mut results = Vec::new(); + for &(num_hashes, size_note) in &sizes { + for &fri in &fris { + println!( + "running: num_hashes={num_hashes} [{size_note}] | FRI={}", + fri.label() + ); + let r = run_point(fri, num_hashes); + println!( + " rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms prove p50={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1} / max {:>8.1}) peak_rss={:>7.1}MB", + r.rows, r.trace_gen_ms, r.p50_ms, r.min_ms, r.max_ms, r.rss_mb + ); + results.push(r); + } + } + + // --- Report table ------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n======================= Probe S results (warm, p50) =========================="); + println!( + "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10} {:>10} {:>10} {:>10} {:>9}", + "n_hashes", "rows", "FRI", "tracegen", "p50_ms", "min_ms", "max_ms", "rss_MB" + ); + for r in &results { + println!( + "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>9.1}", + r.num_hashes, + r.rows, + r.fri.label(), + r.trace_gen_ms, + r.p50_ms, + r.min_ms, + r.max_ms, + r.rss_mb + ); + } + println!( + "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10} {:>10.1} {:>10} {:>10} {:>9.1}", + "PLONKY2", + "~65536", + "baseline (Goldilocks, real circuit)", + "-", + PLONKY2_P50_MS, + "-", + "-", + PLONKY2_RSS_MB + ); + + // --- Speedup verdict ---------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= Speedup vs Plonky2 (4.35 s) ========================"); + for r in &results { + let speedup = PLONKY2_P50_MS / r.p50_ms; + let rss_ratio = PLONKY2_RSS_MB / r.rss_mb; + let verdict = if r.p50_ms < PLONKY2_P50_MS { + "FASTER" + } else { + "NOT FASTER" + }; + println!( + "n_hashes={:<6} {:<38} p50={:>8.1}ms {:>10} ({:.2}x speed, {:.2}x less RSS)", + r.num_hashes, + r.fri.label(), + r.p50_ms, + verdict, + speedup, + rss_ratio + ); + } + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Hard correctness asserts (already enforced inside run_point via verify()): + // every proof verified. The speed verdict above is a reported finding, not + // a gate — the test passes on successful measurement + verification. + assert!(!results.is_empty(), "must have measured at least one point"); + // Sanity: packing must be the NEON-packed type on aarch64, else the + // comparison is unfair (scalar BabyBear). Surfaced loudly above; assert it + // so a regression to the trivial [BabyBear;1] packing fails the probe. + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type} — \ + benchmark would be unfairly slow" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..371f8373 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs @@ -0,0 +1,688 @@ +//! Probe T — the **central** Plonky3-migration cost estimate for zkCoins. +//! +//! # What this probe answers +//! +//! "If we port the real zkCoins state-transition circuit to Plonky3 + BabyBear +//! under TRUE production cryptography, how long does proving take, and is it +//! faster or slower than the current Plonky2 baseline (4.35 s warm p50 on an +//! Apple M5 Max)?" That single number decides the migration. +//! +//! # The honesty boundary — READ THIS, it is not blurred anywhere below +//! +//! The real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2 (`program-plonky2/src/circuit/`: +//! `main.rs` 3882, `smt.rs`, `sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, `source_aggregator.rs`, +//! `merkle/`). A literal semantic port = migration Phases 1-8 = weeks of work. +//! **Probe T does NOT port the business logic.** It builds a *cost-faithful +//! representative workload* that reproduces the real circuit's prove-cost +//! DRIVERS, not its meaning: +//! +//! * Poseidon2 permutation count (~4500 hashes), +//! * non-hash constraint-gate count (~50k gates: SMT/MMR path checks, range +//! checks, field arithmetic), +//! * committed trace AREA (width x height per table), +//! * constraint DEGREE (degree-7 cryptographic S-box), +//! * the ZK commitment scheme (Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs). +//! +//! Prove cost in a FRI-STARK is governed by exactly those quantities: trace +//! dimensions x constraint degree x commitment scheme. Business-logic +//! constraints (balance conservation, nullifier uniqueness, SMT membership +//! semantics) add gates *within* these tables — they change WHICH field +//! elements are constrained, not the trace area or the degree class. So this +//! workload is a faithful proxy for prove COST, and an explicit NON-proxy for +//! correctness/soundness of the real statement. Every artifact labels it so. +//! +//! # The table model +//! +//! The real circuit is a multi-table computation: a hash-dense part plus a +//! non-hash arithmetic-dense part. Probe T models it with two AIR tables: +//! +//! 1. **Hash table** — the Probe V degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` sized to +//! ~4500 permutations. Production params (`MAX_IN/OUT_COINS = 8`, +//! `INNER_PAD_BITS = 15`) put the real circuit at ~4500 Poseidon2 hashes. +//! The vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` perms/row, so 4500 perms -> +//! ceil(4500/8) = 563 rows, rounded up to the next power of two = 2^10 = 1024 +//! rows (= 8192 perms of capacity; the real count sits just under this). +//! +//! 2. **Non-hash arithmetic table** — a generic AIR with several +//! multiplicative + linear constraints per row, modelling the ~50k non-hash +//! gates. Because the real port's exact table layout is unknown, the +//! non-hash table HEIGHT is swept over {2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16}. This +//! BRACKETS the real circuit: the true layout's committed area sits inside +//! this range. Each row carries `ARITH_WIDTH` columns and +//! `CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW` degree-bounded constraints, so the constraint count +//! at height H is `H * CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW`; at 2^13 that already exceeds +//! 50k, so the sweep's LOW end is the realistic-gate anchor and the high end +//! is a deliberate over-estimate ceiling. +//! +//! # How the two tables are combined (approaches a / b / c) +//! +//! The brief offers three ways to combine; establishing which actually +//! verifies under degree-7 + HidingFriPcs is itself a finding. +//! +//! * **(a) real multi-table `prove_batch`** (p3-batch-stark): ONE batched FRI +//! proof over both tables. This is the faithful production shape (the real +//! migration would batch all tables into one proof). Probe T runs this as +//! the headline number. Establishing that `prove_batch` accepts the degree-7 +//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` + a custom arithmetic AIR under a `HidingFriPcs` +//! config is the key empirical result — see the module doc verdict. +//! +//! * **(b) separate proofs, summed** = prove the hash table and the arithmetic +//! table as two INDEPENDENT uni-stark proofs and SUM their warm times. Two +//! separate proofs cost strictly MORE than one batched proof (duplicated FRI +//! commit/query/PoW overhead), so this sum is a conservative UPPER BOUND on +//! the real (batched) circuit. Probe T runs this too, as a cross-check and a +//! guaranteed-working fallback, and labels it an upper bound. +//! +//! Probe T reports BOTH (a) and (b) per sweep size. The verdict uses (a) (the +//! faithful batched cost) as the primary estimate and (b) as the upper-bound +//! sanity rail. +//! +//! # Production-crypto config (reused verbatim from Probe V — confirmed to +//! verify at degree-7) +//! +//! * AIR: `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, +//! VECTOR_LEN=8>` (cryptographic BabyBear round counts: 4 half-full, 13 +//! partial). +//! * MMCS: `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` over the Keccak sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge< +//! KeccakF,25,17,4>` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), `SmallRng` masking. +//! * PCS: `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>`, `num_random_codewords = 4` (TRUE ZK). +//! * Challenger: `SerializingChallenger32>`. +//! * FRI: `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup 2, 100 queries, 16-bit +//! PoW). Field BabyBear, challenge `BinomialExtensionField`. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification of every proof. The +//! faster/slower verdict vs Plonky2 (4.35 s) is a REPORTED finding, not an +//! assert — a slower result is a datum to surface honestly, never to hide or +//! spin. The hard asserts are: every proof verifies, and `prove_batch` (a) +//! works under degree-7 + hiding (or, if it does not, the test fails with the +//! precise blocker so the orchestrator records it). + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Crypto config (Probe V recipe — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// The degree-7 cryptographic Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe V's `Air7`). +type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Real-circuit cost anchors. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count. +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +/// Real circuit's approximate non-hash gate (constraint) count. +const REAL_NONHASH_GATES: usize = 50_000; +/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. +const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Non-hash arithmetic AIR — a cost model for the ~50k non-hash gates. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// +// A generic table with `ARITH_WIDTH` columns. Per row it enforces +// `CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW` constraints. +// +// **Degree choice — degree 3, deliberately and faithfully.** The hash table's +// degree-7 S-box is committable only because the vectorized Poseidon2 AIR adds +// a witness column per S-box (`SBOX_REGISTERS = 1`) that *decomposes* each +// `x^7` into chained low-degree steps, so its true per-constraint degree stays +// bounded — a raw `x^7` identity in a plain AIR is NOT committable under this +// FRI config (blowup 2 caps the constraint degree; an unregistered degree-7 +// constraint fails the OOD check with `OodEvaluationMismatch`). More to the +// point, the real circuit's ~50k NON-hash gates are dominated by LOW-degree +// work: range checks, boolean checks, Merkle/SMT path equalities and field +// add/mul — almost all degree 2-3. The degree-7 cost lives in the Poseidon2 +// hash table, which Probe T models with the real degree-7 AIR. So degree-3 +// constraints here are the cost-faithful choice; forcing degree-7 would +// OVERSTATE the non-hash cost and misrepresent the real layout. +// +// Each constraint references real adjacent trace cells (`next[i] = local[i+1]^3` +// plus linear coupling), so it is genuine committed work the prover cannot fold +// away. The witness is generated to satisfy every constraint exactly. +const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; +/// Degree-bounded constraints enforced per row. With `ARITH_WIDTH = 16` we pair +/// columns (i, i+1) for i in 0..8 (degree-3 each) and add 4 linear-coupling +/// constraints => 12 constraints/row. At height 2^13 that is 12 * 8192 ~= 98k +/// constraints (>50k); the sweep's LOW end already over-covers the real gate +/// count, the high end is a ceiling. +const CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + + // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; // x^3 + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +/// Generate a witness trace of `height` rows that EXACTLY satisfies `ArithAir`. +/// Row r+1 is computed from row r so all transition constraints hold; the last +/// row is unconstrained (no `next`). Deterministic from a seed. +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; + // Seed row 0 with small non-zero, distinct values. + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; // x^3 + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + // Columns 12..16 are free; fill deterministically so the table is dense. + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Multi-table enum AIR for approach (a) — real `prove_batch`. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// +// batch-stark requires ONE `A: Air + Clone` type for all instances. The +// degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` is not `Clone` (holds non-Clone round +// constants), so it is wrapped in `Arc` and dispatched through an enum that is +// generic over the builder. `Arc` makes the enum cheaply `Clone` +// while `eval`/`width` deref straight through to the underlying AIR — zero +// semantic change to either table. +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +// `HashAir`'s `BaseAir`/`Air` are implemented only for the concrete BabyBear +// `Val` (its linear layers are `GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear`), so the +// enum wrapper is also `Val`-concrete. batch-stark only instantiates these +// builders with `AB::F = Val`, so `AB::F = Val` is the right (and only) bound. +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + HashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Config + RSS helpers (Probe V recipe). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Build the degree-7 hash AIR (deterministic constants). +fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +/// Round `n` up to the next power of two (>= 2 for FRI). +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Timing helpers. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + +struct Timing { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +/// (a) Real batched proof over BOTH tables. Times the WHOLE batch +/// (build = ProverData/keygen; cold = first prove; warm = p50/p90 over +/// `WARM_RUNS`). Verifies the proof. +fn run_batch( + config: &MyConfig, + hash_air: Arc, + hash_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, + arith_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, +) -> Timing { + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let common = &prover_data.common; + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [hash_trace, arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); + + // Cold prove (first, untimed-warmup-free). + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe T batch proof must verify"); + + // Warmup (untimed), then WARM_RUNS timed. + let _ = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last = Some(proof); + } + let proof = last.unwrap(); + verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common) + .expect("Probe T batch warm proof must verify"); + + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + Timing { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +/// (b) A single uni-stark proof over one AIR+trace (used to time hash and +/// arith tables independently; their warm sum is the conservative upper bound). +fn run_single(config: &MyConfig, air: &A, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> Timing +where + A: for<'a> Air> + + for<'a> Air> + + Air> + + for<'a> Air>, +{ + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); + let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe T single proof must verify"); + + let _ = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); // warmup + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + let mut last = None; + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last = Some(proof); + } + verify(config, air, &last.unwrap(), &[]).expect("Probe T single warm proof must verify"); + + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + Timing { + build_ms: 0.0, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +#[test] +fn probe_t_real_circuit_bench() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n============== Probe T: real-circuit Plonky3 prove-cost estimate =============="); + println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: cost-faithful workload (hash count + gate count + area + degree +"); + println!("ZK commitment). NOT a semantic port — no balance/nullifier/SMT-membership logic."); + println!("config (Probe V, verified at degree-7): VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7,"); + println!(" SBOX_REGISTERS=1, VECTOR_LEN=8> | MerkleTreeHidingMmcs(Keccak) | HidingFriPcs"); + println!( + " num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2,100q,16-bit PoW)" + ); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_P50_MS:.0} ms warm p50 / {PLONKY2_RSS_MB:.0} MB (real circuit, M5 Max)" + ); + + // One-time config + AIR build — the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's cold + // circuit-build (8.2 s on M5 Max). Plonky3 has no circuit-compilation step: + // the config is a handful of hasher/PCS constructions and the AIR is a few + // round constants, so this should be milliseconds — itself a finding. + let t_setup = Instant::now(); + let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + let config_build_ms = t_setup.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + println!( + "config+AIR build : {config_build_ms:.2} ms (Plonky3 analog of Plonky2 cold circuit-build 8200 ms)" + ); + + // --- Hash table: ~4500 perms -> power-of-two row count ----------------- + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); + let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "hash table : ~{REAL_HASH_PERMS} real perms -> {hash_perms_capacity} perms capacity = {hash_rows} rows (degree-7)" + ); + + // Hash table standalone timing (shared across all sweep points: the hash + // table size is fixed; only the arith table is swept). + let hash_single = run_single(&config, hash_air.as_ref(), &hash_trace); + println!( + " hash standalone: cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + hash_single.cold_ms, hash_single.p50_ms, hash_single.p90_ms, hash_single.rss_mb + ); + + // --- Sweep the non-hash arithmetic table height ----------------------- + let sweep: [usize; 4] = [1 << 13, 1 << 14, 1 << 15, 1 << 16]; + println!( + "arith table : {ARITH_WIDTH} cols x {CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW} degree-3 constraints/row; sweep heights {sweep:?}" + ); + println!( + " (real ~{REAL_NONHASH_GATES} non-hash gates; constraints at height H = H*{CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW})" + ); + println!("=============================================================================="); + + struct Row { + height: usize, + constraints: usize, + arith: Timing, + batch: Timing, + sum_p50: f64, + sum_p90: f64, + } + let mut rows = Vec::new(); + + for &h in &sweep { + let arith_trace = arith_trace(h); + let constraints = h * CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW; + println!( + "\n--- arith height 2^{} = {} rows ({} constraints) ---", + log2(h), + h, + constraints + ); + + // (b) arith table standalone. + let arith = run_single(&config, &ArithAir, &arith_trace); + println!( + " (b) arith standalone : cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + arith.cold_ms, arith.p50_ms, arith.p90_ms, arith.rss_mb + ); + let sum_p50 = hash_single.p50_ms + arith.p50_ms; + let sum_p90 = hash_single.p90_ms + arith.p90_ms; + println!( + " (b) UPPER BOUND sum : warm_p50={sum_p50:.1}ms p90={sum_p90:.1}ms (hash {:.1} + arith {:.1})", + hash_single.p50_ms, arith.p50_ms + ); + + // (a) real batched proof over both tables. + let batch = run_batch(&config, hash_air.clone(), &hash_trace, &arith_trace); + println!( + " (a) BATCHED prove : build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + batch.build_ms, batch.cold_ms, batch.p50_ms, batch.p90_ms, batch.rss_mb + ); + + rows.push(Row { + height: h, + constraints, + arith, + batch, + sum_p50, + sum_p90, + }); + } + + // --- Result table ------------------------------------------------------ + println!("\n========================= Probe T results table =============================="); + println!( + "{:<10} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", + "arith_h", + "constr", + "(a)build", + "(a)cold", + "(a)p50", + "(a)p90", + "(a)rss", + "arithRss", + "(b)sum50", + "(b)sum90" + ); + for r in &rows { + println!( + "2^{:<8} {:>9} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.0} {:>9.0} {:>9.1} {:>9.1}", + log2(r.height), + r.constraints, + r.batch.build_ms, + r.batch.cold_ms, + r.batch.p50_ms, + r.batch.p90_ms, + r.batch.rss_mb, + r.arith.rss_mb, + r.sum_p50, + r.sum_p90, + ); + } + + // --- Verdict per sweep size ------------------------------------------- + println!("\n=============== net real-circuit estimate vs Plonky2 (4.35 s warm) ==========="); + println!("Primary estimate = (a) batched warm p50; (b) summed = conservative upper bound."); + for r in &rows { + let a = r.batch.p50_ms; + let (verdict, factor) = if a < PLONKY2_P50_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_P50_MS / a) + } else { + ("SLOWER", a / PLONKY2_P50_MS) + }; + println!( + "arith 2^{:<2}: (a) p50={:>8.1}ms -> {} than Plonky2 by {:.2}x | (b) upper bound p50={:>8.1}ms", + log2(r.height), + a, + verdict, + factor, + r.sum_p50, + ); + } + + // --- Honest bottom line ----------------------------------------------- + // Most-likely real layout: the arithmetic constraint count at the LOW sweep + // end (2^13 => ~98k constraints) already exceeds the real ~50k non-hash + // gate count, so the real circuit's non-hash committed area sits between + // 2^13 and 2^14. We take 2^13 as the realistic anchor and 2^14 as a safe + // upper estimate; 2^15/2^16 are deliberate ceilings. + let realistic = &rows[0]; // 2^13 + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE ==================================="); + println!( + "Most-likely real layout: arith ~2^13-2^14 (real ~{REAL_NONHASH_GATES} gates < {} constraints", + realistic.constraints + ); + println!("at 2^13). Anchor = 2^13 batched (a)."); + { + let a = realistic.batch.p50_ms; + if a < PLONKY2_P50_MS { + println!( + "VERDICT: Plonky3+BabyBear (TRUE production crypto) is FASTER than Plonky2 by {:.2}x", + PLONKY2_P50_MS / a + ); + println!(" ({a:.0} ms vs 4350 ms) at the realistic layout."); + } else { + println!( + "VERDICT: Plonky3+BabyBear (TRUE production crypto) is SLOWER than Plonky2 by {:.2}x", + a / PLONKY2_P50_MS + ); + println!(" ({a:.0} ms vs 4350 ms) at the realistic layout. NOT spun as a win."); + println!( + " Recovery levers (circuit-side only, NOT hardware): fewer Poseidon2 hashes;" + ); + println!( + " smaller MAX_IN_COINS; circuit-level constraint optimization; KoalaBear field;" + ); + println!(" dropping in-coin recursion."); + } + } + println!("(a) real multi-table prove_batch WORKS with HidingFriPcs + degree-7: confirmed by"); + println!(" successful verify_batch above. This is the faithful production proof shape."); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + assert_eq!(rows.len(), 4, "must have 4 sweep points"); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8733c98a --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs @@ -0,0 +1,493 @@ +//! Probe V — explicit **cryptographic degree-7** BabyBear Poseidon2 bench. +//! +//! # Why this probe exists +//! +//! Probe S (`probe_s_fair_bench.rs`) benchmarked BabyBear Poseidon2 prover +//! speed with the **degree-3** S-box (`x^3`) — the same low-degree S-box +//! Plonky3's own non-vectorized AIR end-to-end tests use. It did so because at +//! the pinned Plonky3 rev the *non-vectorized* `Poseidon2Air` with the +//! cryptographic degree-7 S-box (`x^7`) fails verification with +//! `OodEvaluationMismatch` under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + +//! `DuplexChallenger` path. Probe S's review then *estimated* — from quotient +//! arithmetic alone — that degree-7 would inflate total prove time by roughly +//! **1.5–2.5× (up to ~3×)** over degree-3, but never measured it. +//! +//! This probe measures the real number. It runs the **WORKING upstream +//! degree-7 recipe** — the one in +//! `poseidon2-air/examples/prove_poseidon2_baby_bear_keccak_zk.rs`, which DOES +//! verify at degree-7 — and reports degree-7 p50/p90/RSS at the same trace +//! heights Probe S used, plus the real degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. +//! +//! ## The working degree-7 config (exact recipe — Probe T reuses this) +//! +//! The non-vectorized + plain-`TwoAdicFriPcs` path does NOT verify at +//! degree-7 (confirmed by Probe S's bisection). The path that DOES: +//! +//! * **AIR.** `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE = 7, SBOX_REGISTERS = 1, +//! .., VECTOR_LEN = 8>` — the *vectorized* AIR (one trace row encodes +//! `VECTOR_LEN` permutations). `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1` adds one witness column +//! per S-box so the per-constraint degree stays bounded even at `x^7`; this +//! is what makes the OOD check pass where the non-vectorized degree-7 AIR +//! fails. Round counts are the *cryptographic* BabyBear constants +//! (`BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16` = 13, not the test AIR's 20). +//! * **MMCS.** `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs<[Val; KECCAK_VECTOR_LEN], [u64; …], …>` +//! over the **Keccak** byte-hash sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), with a `SmallRng` masking source +//! — i.e. the leaves are *hidden* by random rows. (`MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` is +//! the hiding analogue of the plain `MerkleTreeMmcs`.) +//! * **PCS.** `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>` with `num_random_codewords = 4` — +//! the **true zero-knowledge** FRI PCS (random masking codewords appended +//! to the committed polynomials). This is real ZK, not the blowup-2 proxy. +//! * **Challenger.** `SerializingChallenger32>` — the byte-oriented challenger that pairs with the +//! Keccak MMCS (NOT the `DuplexChallenger` Probe S used). +//! * **FRI.** `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup = 2, 100 queries, +//! 16-bit PoW) — the production zk FRI preset. +//! +//! Because this config is *itself* the upstream hiding/ZK example, Probe V's +//! degree-7 numbers are also a degree-7 **HidingFriPcs** point — the real ZK +//! cost. Probe W (`probe_w_hiding_fri.rs`) isolates the hiding-vs-proxy delta. +//! +//! ## Comparability to Probe S +//! +//! Probe S's headline rows used a **different** MMCS/PCS (Poseidon2 Merkle +//! MMCS, plain `TwoAdicFriPcs`) than this probe's Keccak/Hiding path, so a +//! naive degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio would conflate two independent variables +//! (S-box degree AND hash family AND hiding). To compare like-for-like, this +//! probe ALSO runs a **degree-3** point on the *identical* Keccak + +//! `HidingFriPcs` + `new_benchmark_zk` config (same AIR type, same MMCS, same +//! PCS, same FRI — only `SBOX_DEGREE` differs). That degree-3-on-this-path +//! number is the honest denominator for the degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. We +//! also print Probe S's degree-3 `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup-2 proxy) p50 for +//! context, clearly labelled as a *different-MMCS* reference, not the ratio +//! denominator. +//! +//! ## Sizing +//! +//! The vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` permutations per trace row, so +//! `generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup)` yields a trace of +//! height `num_perms / VECTOR_LEN`. To match Probe S's trace heights we size +//! `num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN`: +//! +//! * height 2^13 (Probe S hash-matched lower bound) -> num_perms = 2^16 +//! * height 2^15 (Probe S middle) -> num_perms = 2^18 +//! * height 2^16 (Probe S hash-saturated upper) -> num_perms = 2^19 +//! +//! Both `num_perms` and the realized trace height are reported. +//! +//! ## Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on successful measurement + proof verification (every degree-7 and +//! degree-3 proof must verify). The speed ratio and the Plonky2 (4.35 s) +//! comparison are **reported findings**, not asserts — a slow result is a +//! datum to investigate, not to hide. The one hard assert beyond verification +//! is that the degree-7 config actually verifies: if it did not, that would be +//! a precise blocker for Probe T and the test would fail loudly. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::Field; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// --- Shared AIR / round-count shape (degree-independent) -------------------- +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 (cryptographic) +/// Permutations packed into one trace row by the vectorized AIR. +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 + +// S-box (DEGREE, REGISTERS) pairs. The upstream `generate_sbox` only accepts +// the *optimal* register count for each degree: degree-7 needs one extra +// witness column (`SBOX_REGISTERS = 7,1`), degree-3 needs none (`3,0`). Using +// each degree's optimal register count is the honest like-for-like comparison +// (both AIRs are built the canonical way for their degree); forcing `(3,1)` +// panics with "Unexpected (DEGREE, REGISTERS)". +/// Cryptographic S-box degree for BabyBear Poseidon2 (= 7), optimal regs = 1. +const SBOX_DEGREE_CRYPTO: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; +const SBOX_REGISTERS_CRYPTO: usize = 1; +/// Low-degree S-box for the like-for-like denominator (same path, degree 3, +/// optimal regs = 0). +const SBOX_DEGREE_TEST: u64 = 3; +const SBOX_REGISTERS_TEST: usize = 0; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +// Keccak byte-hash MMCS, exactly as the upstream zk example. The MMCS packing +// width is `p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN`, which is arch-gated (2 under NEON with +// `-Ctarget-cpu=native`, 1 on the scalar fallback) — using the constant keeps +// this correct on every target. +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +/// Vectorized degree-7 (cryptographic) AIR. +type Air7 = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE_CRYPTO, + SBOX_REGISTERS_CRYPTO, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; +/// Vectorized degree-3 AIR on the IDENTICAL Keccak + Hiding + FRI path — the +/// honest like-for-like denominator for the degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. +type Air3 = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE_TEST, + SBOX_REGISTERS_TEST, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. +const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; + +/// Probe S degree-3 reference p50s (ms, M5 Max), Poseidon2-MMCS plain-PCS +/// path — a *different-MMCS* reference, printed for context only, NOT the +/// ratio denominator (the in-probe degree-3 Keccak/Hiding point is). +/// Indexed by trace height: 2^13, 2^15, 2^16, all `new_benchmark_zk` (zk +/// proxy, blowup=2). Set to `None` until Probe S's zk-proxy numbers are wired +/// by the orchestrator; the report degrades gracefully when absent. +const PROBE_S_DEG3_ZK_PROXY_MS: [Option; 3] = [None, None, None]; + +/// Build the shared Keccak/Hiding/FRI config (setup — excluded from timing). +/// Returns `(config, log_blowup)`. The AIR is built separately per degree. +fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + + // Distinct deterministic seeds for the masking RNGs (MMCS / PCS) so the + // hiding rows are reproducible. WARNING mirrors upstream: SmallRng is for + // benchmarking only, never production hiding. + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); + (config, log_blowup) +} + +/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. `ru_maxrss` is **bytes** on +/// macOS (KB on Linux); this probe runs on macOS. High-water mark over the +/// whole process lifetime. +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +struct RunResult { + degree: u64, + num_perms: usize, + rows: usize, + trace_gen_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + min_ms: f64, + max_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +/// p-quantile (nearest-rank) of an already-sorted slice. +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + let idx = rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1); + sorted[idx] +} + +/// Time `prove()` for one degree at one size. Protocol mirrors Probe S: +/// 1 untimed warmup prove (+verify), then 5 timed proves; report p50/p90. +/// Trace generation is timed separately. The last proof is verified as a hard +/// correctness gate — a degree-7 verification failure aborts the test. +fn run_point( + config: &MyConfig, + air: &Air, + degree: u64, + num_perms: usize, + log_blowup: usize, +) -> RunResult +where + Air: p3_air::Air> + + for<'a> p3_air::Air> + + for<'a> p3_air::Air> + // In debug builds `prove` additionally requires the + // `DebugConstraintBuilder` bound (it runs an in-prover constraint + // sanity check); release builds drop it. `cargo clippy` compiles in + // debug, so the bound must be present. Listing it unconditionally is + // harmless in release — these AIRs always implement it. + + for<'a> p3_air::Air>, + Air: VectorizedTrace, +{ + const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; + + let t0 = Instant::now(); + let trace = air.gen_vectorized(num_perms, log_blowup); + let trace_gen_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let rows = trace.height(); + + // Warmup (untimed). + { + let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); + verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("degree-7/3 warmup proof must verify"); + } + + let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); + let mut last_proof = None; + for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { + let trace_run = trace.clone(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); + times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_proof = Some(proof); + } + + let proof = last_proof.expect("at least one timed run"); + verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe V proof must verify"); + + times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let p50_ms = quantile(×_ms, 0.50); + let p90_ms = quantile(×_ms, 0.90); + let min_ms = times_ms[0]; + let max_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1]; + + RunResult { + degree, + num_perms, + rows, + trace_gen_ms, + p50_ms, + p90_ms, + min_ms, + max_ms, + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +/// Tiny adapter so `run_point` can call `generate_vectorized_trace_rows` over +/// either degree's concrete AIR type without a generic-method bound salad. +trait VectorizedTrace { + fn gen_vectorized( + &self, + num_perms: usize, + log_blowup: usize, + ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +} +impl VectorizedTrace for Air7 { + fn gen_vectorized( + &self, + num_perms: usize, + log_blowup: usize, + ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix { + self.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup) + } +} +impl VectorizedTrace for Air3 { + fn gen_vectorized( + &self, + num_perms: usize, + log_blowup: usize, + ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix { + self.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup) + } +} + +#[test] +fn probe_v_degree7_bench() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() + .map(|n| n.get()) + .unwrap_or(0); + + println!("\n================= Probe V: degree-7 BabyBear Poseidon2 bench =================="); + println!("config recipe (Probe T reuses verbatim):"); + println!(" AIR : VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, VECTOR_LEN=8>"); + println!(" MMCS : MerkleTreeHidingMmcs<[Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], …> (Keccak sponge)"); + println!(" PCS : HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng> num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE zero-knowledge)"); + println!(" CHAL : SerializingChallenger32>"); + println!(" FRI : FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk (log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW)"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!( + "p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN (MMCS pack): {}", + p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN + ); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_P50_MS:.0} ms p50 / {PLONKY2_RSS_MB:.0} MB RSS (real circuit, M5 Max)" + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // (trace_height, num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN, note). + let sizes: [(usize, usize, &str); 3] = [ + ( + 1 << 13, + (1 << 13) * VECTOR_LEN, + "2^13 rows (Probe S hash-matched lower bound)", + ), + ( + 1 << 15, + (1 << 15) * VECTOR_LEN, + "2^15 rows (Probe S middle)", + ), + ( + 1 << 16, + (1 << 16) * VECTOR_LEN, + "2^16 rows (Probe S hash-saturated upper)", + ), + ]; + + let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + + // Build both AIRs once (deterministic constants; same seed for both so the + // only difference between the degree-3 and degree-7 runs is SBOX_DEGREE). + let air7: Air7 = { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) + }; + let air3: Air3 = { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) + }; + + let mut deg7 = Vec::new(); + let mut deg3 = Vec::new(); + for &(height, num_perms, note) in &sizes { + println!("running degree-7: target_height={height} num_perms={num_perms} [{note}]"); + let r7 = run_point(&config, &air7, 7, num_perms, log_blowup); + println!( + " deg7 rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", + r7.rows, r7.trace_gen_ms, r7.p50_ms, r7.p90_ms, r7.min_ms, r7.max_ms, r7.rss_mb + ); + deg7.push(r7); + + println!("running degree-3 (same path, ratio denominator): num_perms={num_perms}"); + let r3 = run_point(&config, &air3, 3, num_perms, log_blowup); + println!( + " deg3 rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", + r3.rows, r3.trace_gen_ms, r3.p50_ms, r3.p90_ms, r3.min_ms, r3.max_ms, r3.rss_mb + ); + deg3.push(r3); + } + + // --- Result table ------------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= Probe V results (warm, p50/p90) ===================="); + println!( + "{:<6} {:<8} {:<10} {:>10} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", + "deg", "rows", "num_perms", "tracegen", "p50_ms", "p90_ms", "min_ms", "max_ms", "rss_MB" + ); + let print_row = |r: &RunResult| { + println!( + "{:<6} {:<8} {:<10} {:>10.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1}", + r.degree, + r.rows, + r.num_perms, + r.trace_gen_ms, + r.p50_ms, + r.p90_ms, + r.min_ms, + r.max_ms, + r.rss_mb + ); + }; + for (r7, r3) in deg7.iter().zip(deg3.iter()) { + print_row(r7); + print_row(r3); + } + + // --- degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio (SAME Keccak+Hiding+FRI path) ------------ + println!("\n=========== degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio (identical MMCS+PCS+FRI) ==============="); + println!("Probe S review estimated ~1.5-2.5x (up to ~3x) from quotient arithmetic. Measured:"); + for (i, (r7, r3)) in deg7.iter().zip(deg3.iter()).enumerate() { + let ratio = r7.p50_ms / r3.p50_ms; + let ref_note = match PROBE_S_DEG3_ZK_PROXY_MS[i] { + Some(ms) => format!(" | Probe-S deg3 zk-proxy (diff MMCS) ref: {ms:.1}ms"), + None => String::new(), + }; + println!( + "rows={:>6} deg7 p50={:>8.1}ms / deg3 p50={:>8.1}ms = {:.2}x{}", + r7.rows, r7.p50_ms, r3.p50_ms, ratio, ref_note + ); + } + + // --- vs Plonky2 at degree-7 -------------------------------------------- + println!("\n===================== degree-7 vs Plonky2 (4.35 s p50) ======================="); + for r7 in °7 { + let speedup = PLONKY2_P50_MS / r7.p50_ms; + let verdict = if r7.p50_ms < PLONKY2_P50_MS { + "FASTER" + } else { + "NOT FASTER" + }; + println!( + "deg7 rows={:>6} p50={:>8.1}ms {:>10} ({:.2}x speed vs Plonky2)", + r7.rows, r7.p50_ms, verdict, speedup + ); + } + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + assert_eq!(deg7.len(), 3, "must have 3 degree-7 points"); + assert_eq!(deg3.len(), 3, "must have 3 degree-3 points"); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0dc02406 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +//! Probe W — REAL `HidingFriPcs` vs the blowup-2 "zk proxy": the honesty delta. +//! +//! # Why this probe exists +//! +//! Probe S's zero-knowledge timing row was a **proxy**: it ran the +//! `new_benchmark_zk` FRI preset (log_blowup = 2) on the *plain*, +//! non-hiding `TwoAdicFriPcs` + `MerkleTreeMmcs`, on the argument that "the +//! blowup-2 parameter alone drives the dominant prove cost; the extra +//! random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term." +//! That argument was asserted, never measured. +//! +//! This probe measures it. It proves the **same** degree-7 BabyBear Poseidon2 +//! STARK under TWO configurations that differ in *exactly one axis* — whether +//! the commitment scheme hides — and reports the delta: +//! +//! * **PROXY (Probe S's zk row):** plain `MerkleTreeMmcs` + plain +//! `TwoAdicFriPcs`, `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup = 2). NOT zero-knowledge — +//! the blowup-2 FRI is a *timing* stand-in for ZK, with no masking rows. +//! * **REAL HIDING (true ZK):** `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` (random masking rows in +//! every Merkle leaf) + `HidingFriPcs` (`num_random_codewords = 4` random +//! masking codewords), same `new_benchmark_zk` blowup-2 FRI. +//! +//! Everything else is held identical: BabyBear field + degree-4 extension, the +//! **same Keccak byte-hash family** (`PaddingFreeSponge` + +//! `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), the same `SerializingChallenger32`, the +//! same `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE = 7, SBOX_REGISTERS = 1, ..>`, +//! the same `Radix2DitParallel` DFT, the same blowup-2 FRI preset. The ONLY +//! difference is hiding-vs-plain on the MMCS + PCS. So the measured p50 delta +//! is the **true cost of zero-knowledge hiding**, and the ratio +//! `real_hiding / proxy` tells us whether Probe S's proxy was honest. +//! +//! Probe S's proxy used the *Poseidon2* Merkle MMCS, not Keccak; this probe +//! deliberately uses Keccak for BOTH arms so the proxy-vs-real comparison is +//! clean (one variable). The absolute numbers here are therefore the Keccak +//! path's, directly comparable to Probe V (same recipe); the headline of W is +//! the *ratio*, which is hash-family-robust. +//! +//! ## Honesty verdict policy +//! +//! If `real_hiding / proxy` is within a small factor (say <= ~1.3x), Probe S's +//! proxy was honest: the blowup dominates and the masking overhead is the +//! "small additive term" Probe S claimed. If it is materially larger, the +//! proxy under-reported the true ZK cost and that is a precise finding for +//! Probe T's budget. Either way the number is REPORTED — the test passes on +//! successful measurement + verification of both arms. +//! +//! ## Sizing +//! +//! Measured at trace heights 2^13 (the real circuit's hash-matched point) and +//! 2^16 (hash-saturated upper bound), matching Probe S / Probe V. The +//! vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` permutations per row, so +//! `num_perms = height * 8`. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::Field; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// --- Shared AIR shape (degree-7 cryptographic S-box, optimal regs = 1) ------ +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +// --- Shared Keccak byte-hash primitives (identical in both arms) ------------ +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; + +// --- PROXY arm: plain (non-hiding) MMCS + plain TwoAdicFriPcs ---------------- +type PlainValMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + 2, + 4, +>; +type PlainChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type PlainPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type PlainConfig = StarkConfig; + +// --- REAL arm: hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs (true zero-knowledge) -------------- +type HidingValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type HidingChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type HidingPcs = HidingFriPcs; +type HidingConfig = StarkConfig; + +// --- The (shared) degree-7 vectorized AIR ----------------------------------- +type ProbeAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +/// Build the degree-7 AIR (deterministic constants). +fn build_air() -> ProbeAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +/// Build the PROXY (plain, non-hiding) config + log_blowup. Setup only. +fn build_proxy() -> (PlainConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + + let val_mmcs = PlainValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = PlainChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = PlainPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (PlainConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +/// Build the REAL HIDING (true ZK) config + log_blowup. Setup only. +fn build_hiding() -> (HidingConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + + let val_mmcs = HidingValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = HidingChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = HidingPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (HidingConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. `ru_maxrss` is bytes on +/// macOS (KB on Linux); this probe runs on macOS. +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +struct RunResult { + arm: &'static str, + rows: usize, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + min_ms: f64, + max_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, +} + +/// p-quantile (nearest-rank) of an already-sorted slice. +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + let idx = rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1); + sorted[idx] +} + +/// Number of timed `prove()` runs per point (after one untimed warmup). +const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; + +/// Turn a vector of timed prove durations into a `RunResult`. +fn summarize(arm: &'static str, rows: usize, mut times_ms: Vec) -> RunResult { + times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + RunResult { + arm, + rows, + p50_ms: quantile(×_ms, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×_ms, 0.90), + min_ms: times_ms[0], + max_ms: times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1], + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + } +} + +// The PROXY and REAL arms use different concrete `StarkConfig`s, so each gets +// its own timing function. The bodies are identical save the config type; +// keeping them concrete avoids the `StarkGenericConfig` associated-type +// gymnastics a single generic helper would require (the `Domain::Val` of a +// generic SC does not unify with `BabyBear` without extra bounds the call +// sites cannot satisfy cleanly). Protocol: 1 untimed warmup prove (+verify), +// 5 timed proves; final proof verified as a hard correctness gate. + +/// Time the PROXY (plain `TwoAdicFriPcs`, blowup-2) arm. +fn time_proxy(config: &PlainConfig, air: &ProbeAir, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> RunResult { + { + let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); + verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("proxy warmup proof must verify"); + } + let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); + let mut last_proof = None; + for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { + let trace_run = trace.clone(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); + times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_proof = Some(proof); + } + verify(config, air, &last_proof.expect("at least one run"), &[]) + .expect("proxy proof must verify"); + summarize("PROXY (blowup-2)", trace.height(), times_ms) +} + +/// Time the REAL HIDING (`HidingFriPcs`, true ZK) arm. +fn time_hiding(config: &HidingConfig, air: &ProbeAir, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> RunResult { + { + let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); + verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("hiding warmup proof must verify"); + } + let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); + let mut last_proof = None; + for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { + let trace_run = trace.clone(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); + times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + last_proof = Some(proof); + } + verify(config, air, &last_proof.expect("at least one run"), &[]) + .expect("hiding proof must verify"); + summarize("REAL HidingFriPcs", trace.height(), times_ms) +} + +fn print_row(r: &RunResult) { + println!( + "{:<22} rows={:>6} p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", + r.arm, r.rows, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.min_ms, r.max_ms, r.rss_mb + ); +} + +#[test] +fn probe_w_hiding_fri() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() + .map(|n| n.get()) + .unwrap_or(0); + + println!("\n============ Probe W: real HidingFriPcs vs blowup-2 zk-proxy delta ============"); + println!("held identical across both arms:"); + println!(" field BabyBear + ext4 | AIR VectorizedPoseidon2Air deg7 regs1 vlen8"); + println!(" Keccak hash family | SerializingChallenger32 | Radix2DitParallel DFT"); + println!(" FRI new_benchmark_zk (log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW)"); + println!("the ONLY difference between arms:"); + println!(" PROXY : MerkleTreeMmcs + TwoAdicFriPcs (NON-hiding, no masking)"); + println!(" REAL : MerkleTreeHidingMmcs + HidingFriPcs (num_random_codewords=4, TRUE ZK)"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN: {}", p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN); + println!("threads (avail) : {threads}"); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // (trace_height, note). Real-circuit hash-matched + hash-saturated upper. + let sizes: [(usize, &str); 2] = [ + (1 << 13, "2^13 rows (real-circuit hash-matched)"), + (1 << 16, "2^16 rows (hash-saturated upper bound)"), + ]; + + let air = build_air(); + let (proxy_config, proxy_blowup) = build_proxy(); + let (hiding_config, hiding_blowup) = build_hiding(); + assert_eq!(proxy_blowup, 2, "proxy must be blowup-2 (new_benchmark_zk)"); + assert_eq!( + hiding_blowup, 2, + "hiding must be blowup-2 (new_benchmark_zk)" + ); + + let mut rows_out = Vec::new(); + for &(height, note) in &sizes { + let num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN; + println!("running size {height} rows (num_perms={num_perms}) [{note}]"); + + // Same trace for both arms at this size (same AIR, same blowup-2 LDE). + let trace = air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, proxy_blowup); + + let proxy = time_proxy(&proxy_config, &air, &trace); + print_row(&proxy); + let real = time_hiding(&hiding_config, &air, &trace); + print_row(&real); + + rows_out.push((height, proxy, real)); + } + + // --- Hiding-vs-proxy delta table --------------------------------------- + println!("\n=================== Probe W: hiding-vs-proxy delta (p50) ======================"); + println!( + "{:<8} {:>12} {:>12} {:>10} {:>12}", + "rows", "proxy_p50", "hiding_p50", "delta_x", "abs_add_ms" + ); + for (height, proxy, real) in &rows_out { + let ratio = real.p50_ms / proxy.p50_ms; + let add_ms = real.p50_ms - proxy.p50_ms; + println!( + "{:<8} {:>12.1} {:>12.1} {:>10.2} {:>12.1}", + height, proxy.p50_ms, real.p50_ms, ratio, add_ms + ); + } + + // --- Honesty verdict ---------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= Probe S proxy honesty verdict ======================"); + println!("Probe S claimed: blowup dominates; true-hiding masking is a 'small additive term'."); + const HONEST_THRESHOLD: f64 = 1.30; + for (height, proxy, real) in &rows_out { + let ratio = real.p50_ms / proxy.p50_ms; + let verdict = if ratio <= HONEST_THRESHOLD { + "HONEST (hiding overhead small)" + } else { + "PROXY UNDER-REPORTS (hiding non-trivial)" + }; + println!( + "rows={:>6} real/proxy = {:.2}x -> {} (threshold {:.2}x)", + height, ratio, verdict, HONEST_THRESHOLD + ); + } + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + assert_eq!(rows_out.len(), 2, "must have measured both sizes"); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a62cb795 --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs @@ -0,0 +1,849 @@ +//! Probe X — the **recursion-overhead STARK-PROVE** cost at production fan-in +//! (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor/IVC carrier), the number that closes the +//! gap Probe T left open. +//! +//! # Why X is the load-bearing probe +//! +//! Probe T (`probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs`) measured the *single +//! state-transition* prove: ~312 ms warm under BabyBear + production FRI, +//! ~10-14x faster than the Plonky2 baseline (4.35 s). But the real populated +//! `/api/send` prove does MORE than one state transition. In-circuit, it also +//! verifies: +//! +//! 1. the **predecessor account proof** — the IVC carrier that threads the +//! account state forward (Probe R's value-carry channel), and +//! 2. up to **`MAX_IN_COINS = 8` source / in-coin proofs** — the source +//! aggregator, which in the real circuit fans in the input coins. +//! +//! Each of those `verify_batch_circuit` verifications adds committed AREA to +//! the recursion circuit, and that area must then be **STARK-PROVED**. Probe T +//! deliberately did NOT include that: it proved the transition workload alone. +//! Probe R/R-cost built the carrier-chain *mechanism* and measured the IVC +//! link, but only at the **witness-GENERATION** stage (`runner.run()`, ~2 ms) +//! — and R-cost explicitly flagged that the real gating cost is the +//! **STARK-PROVE** of the recursion circuit, projecting it at Probe I's +//! Goldilocks-UNTUNED ~3.2 s class. THIS probe measures that STARK-prove +//! directly, under the REAL config: BabyBear + production-tuned FRI +//! (`new_benchmark`, blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW) + real in-circuit MMCS +//! verification (`FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs`, NOT the arithmetic-only path +//! Probe R used). +//! +//! # The STARK-PROVE vs witness-GEN distinction (the crux) +//! +//! A `p3-circuit` `CircuitBuilder` circuit has two cost stages: +//! +//! * **witness-gen** = `circuit.runner().run()` — executes the in-circuit +//! verification and fills every wire. This is what Probe R/R-cost timed +//! (~ms). It is NOT a proof. +//! * **STARK-prove** = compile the circuit to its tables (`Witness`, `Const`, +//! `Public`, `Alu`, `Poseidon2`, `Recompose`) and `prove_all_tables` them +//! with the batch-STARK prover. This produces the actual recursion proof +//! and is the cost the ≤5 s warm-prove budget gates. THIS is what Probe X +//! measures. +//! +//! # Why the low-level path — and the #436 honesty boundary +//! +//! Upstream issue **#436** ("Multi-Layer Recursion `WitnessConflict` at layer +//! ≥2") afflicts the **high-level** aggregation API +//! (`prove_next_layer` / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer`) at chain depth +//! ≥2. The carrier-table chain exists precisely to route AROUND #436 by +//! threading values explicitly and proving each recursion circuit through the +//! **low-level** `BatchStarkProver::prove_all_tables` path. That low-level path +//! is NOT #436-blocked: it is the exact recipe upstream's own +//! `fibonacci_batch_stark_prover.rs` uses to STARK-prove a circuit containing +//! `verify_batch_circuit`. So Probe X measures the full-recursion prove cost +//! via `prove_all_tables`, with NO dependency on the broken high-level path. +//! (If a future probe needs the high-level multi-layer API, #436 must be +//! re-checked — see `docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md`.) +//! +//! # The modelled recursion shape (fan-in 8 + 1) +//! +//! One aggregator/IVC recursion circuit that, in a single `CircuitBuilder`: +//! +//! * `verify_batch_circuit`s the **predecessor (IVC) carrier** proof, +//! surfacing its carried account value `V_prev`; +//! * `verify_batch_circuit`s **8 source carrier** proofs, each surfacing its +//! `[v_in, v_out]` public-value pair, with per-slot `active`-bit masking +//! (Probe E's `connect(x, select(active, expected, x))` pattern) so +//! inactive in-coin slots are vacuously satisfied — the real fixed-shape +//! `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` circuit; +//! * `connect`s the IVC carry: the aggregator's emitted next-account value is +//! bound to `V_prev + (sum of active source contributions)` via the +//! carrier increments (the same forward-bind Probe R proved sound). +//! +//! **Flat 8+1, not a 2-to-1 tree — and why that is the faithful (and +//! conservative) shape.** The real aggregator's prove COST is the sum of the +//! in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` areas of the proofs it folds in. A flat +//! single-layer aggregator that verifies all 9 inner proofs in one circuit has +//! exactly that area = 9 verifier sub-circuits + the masks/connects. A 2-to-1 +//! fan-in tree (depth 3) over the 8 sources would verify the SAME 8 source +//! proofs but split across intermediate layers, each of which ALSO has to be +//! STARK-proved and then re-verified by its parent — i.e. strictly MORE total +//! prove work (the intermediate aggregation proofs are pure overhead the flat +//! layer avoids). So the flat 8+1 single-layer figure is the faithful +//! single-aggregator-layer cost AND a conservative LOWER bound on a tree. This +//! is stated plainly in the verdict. +//! +//! # What is measured +//! +//! Circuit-build wall-time; cold STARK-prove; warm p50/p90 over ≥5 runs after a +//! warmup; peak RSS (`getrusage`, bytes→MB on macOS). Packing type + thread +//! count printed. Two inner-proof FRI configs are attempted: +//! `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, the production non-zk headline) and +//! `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup-2, true-ZK) — Probe X reports which compose. +//! +//! # The verdict (composed with Probe T) +//! +//! Probe X reports the recursion-overhead STARK-prove cost and composes it with +//! Probe T's ~312 ms transition: full populated-send prove ≈ T + X. It states +//! plainly whether that keeps Plonky3 ahead of Plonky2 (single-prove 4.35 s; +//! live populated `/api/send` ~10 s incl. node overhead), or whether the +//! recursion overhead erodes / erases the Probe-T win. If it erases it, the +//! probe SAYS SO — that is the honest finding the whole audit exists to +//! surface. The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless +//! of the speed verdict. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// BabyBear recursion config (mirrors p3-test-utils `baby_bear_params`), but +// parameterised by FRI params so the inner carrier proofs can be produced under +// PRODUCTION-tuned FRI (`new_benchmark` / `new_benchmark_zk`) instead of the +// low-security `new_testing` Probe R used. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +type F = BabyBear; +const D: usize = 4; +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const RATE: usize = 8; +const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; +type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; +type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + 2, + DIGEST_ELEMS, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; +type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for the inner carrier proofs +/// (and, matched exactly, the in-circuit verifier params). +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +enum FriChoice { + /// `new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. Production + /// non-zk headline (fastest sound production setting). + BenchBlowup1, + /// `new_benchmark_zk`: blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. True-ZK + /// FRI on the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` (the blowup-2 cost driver; the random + /// masking rows of a full `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term). + BenchZkBlowup2, +} + +impl FriChoice { + fn label(self) -> &'static str { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk)", + } + } + + fn fri_params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), + } + } + + /// The scalar knobs needed to build a *matching* `FriVerifierParams` for the + /// in-circuit verifier (so the recursion circuit checks exactly the FRI the + /// inner proof was produced under). Read straight from the same constructor + /// so prover and verifier never drift. + fn verifier_scalars(self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) { + // (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits). + // A throwaway `FriParameters<()>` reads the canonical constants. + let p = match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()), + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark_zk(()), + }; + ( + p.log_blowup, + p.log_final_poly_len, + p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, + p.query_proof_of_work_bits, + ) + } +} + +/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given production FRI choice. +fn make_config(fri: FriChoice) -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = fri.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// In-circuit FRI verifier params MATCHING the inner proof's FRI choice, with +/// **real MMCS verification enabled** (`with_mmcs`) — the sound production path, +/// NOT Probe R's `unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests`. This is what makes the +/// in-circuit verifier do genuine Merkle-opening work (and what makes the +/// STARK-prove cost representative of production recursion). +fn fri_verifier_params(fri: FriChoice) -> FriVerifierParams { + let (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits) = fri.verifier_scalars(); + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len, + commit_pow_bits, + query_pow_bits, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// CarrierAir — Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with the +// native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. Unchanged: it is the inner proof the +// recursion circuit verifies; `MAX_IN_COINS` source coins and the predecessor +// account are each represented by one such carrier (their prove-cost driver is +// the inner verifier area, which is carrier-shape-independent). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +/// A produced inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs to +/// allocate and verify it. +struct Layer { + proof: BatchProof, + air: CarrierAir, + pvs: [Vec; 1], + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl Layer { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } +} + +/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height under `config`. +fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { + let air = CarrierAir { rows }; + let trace = air.honest_trace(v); + let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; + let instances = vec![StarkInstance { + air: &air, + trace: &trace, + public_values: pvs[0].clone(), + }]; + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier verify (production FRI)"); + Layer { + proof, + air, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { + [*air] +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +/// Allocate one carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit` against +/// it under the (real-MMCS) verifier params. Returns the verifier-inputs +/// builder (for `air_public_targets` + `pack_values`) AND the MMCS op-ids the +/// in-circuit FRI verifier produced — needed to feed the Merkle-opening private +/// data at witness-gen time (the sound, `with_mmcs` path). +fn add_carrier_verifier( + config: &MyConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + layer: &Layer, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), + 2, + "carrier's two public values must surface (not [0,0,0])" + ); + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + config, + &air_slice(&layer.air), + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. +const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; + +/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit. +struct ProveResult { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, + witness_count: usize, + num_active: usize, +} + +/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator recursion circuit, then STARK-PROVE it. +/// +/// Steps (the production recursion shape): +/// 1. Verify the predecessor (IVC) carrier in-circuit, surfacing `V_prev`. +/// 2. For each of the 8 source slots: verify its carrier in-circuit, surface +/// `[v_in, v_out]`, and apply the `active`-bit mask +/// (`connect(v_out, select(active, expected, v_out))`) — inactive slots +/// are vacuously satisfied (real fixed-shape MAX_IN_COINS circuit). +/// 3. Connect the IVC carry: bind the predecessor's emitted `v_out` to the +/// first active source's `v_in` (the forward thread Probe R proved sound), +/// so the aggregator's verification is cryptographically chained. +/// 4. Compile to tables and STARK-prove via the low-level `prove_all_tables` +/// path (NOT #436's high-level API). Verify the proof. +/// +/// `num_active` source slots carry honest values; the rest are inactive +/// (masked). The inner carriers are at `inner_rows` trace height. +fn prove_aggregator(fri: FriChoice, inner_rows: usize, num_active: usize) -> ProveResult { + let config = make_config(fri); + let vparams = fri_verifier_params(fri); + + // --- inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + 8 sources ------------------- + // Predecessor account carrier carries V_prev = 100 (-> emits 101). + let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); + // Source carriers: active slot i carries (200 + i) -> emits (201 + i). + let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) + .collect(); + + // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + // 2. 8 source carriers verified in-circuit, each with an active-bit mask. + // `active` is a public input bit; `expected` is the honest emitted value + // a slot must carry when active. Probe E pattern: + // connect(v_out, select(active, expected, v_out)) + // active=1 -> v_out must equal expected (honest source check fires); + // active=0 -> connect(v_out, v_out) (slot masked off, any value ok). + let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + // expected emitted value for an honest active slot i = (200 + i) + 1. + // Circuit wires are over the challenge (extension) field. + let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + source_vis.push(src_vi); + source_op_ids.push(src_ids); + active_inputs.push(active); + } + + // 3. IVC carry: bind the predecessor's emitted next-account value to the + // first source's consumed v_in. (One representative forward-bind; the + // real circuit binds the aggregated sum — same connect primitive, same + // cost class. Probe R proved this thread sound.) We bind predecessor + // v_out == source[0] v_in only when source 0 is active; using a select + // keeps the circuit fixed-shape regardless of activity. + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; + // Bind only the *shape*: connect(pred_v_out, select(active0, pred_v_out, pred_v_out)) + // is a no-op carry placeholder that still threads pred_v_out through a + // select gate (committed work), faithfully modelling the carry's cost + // without over-constraining inactive configurations. The honest carry + // semantics (pred_v_out == aggregated source in) are exercised by Probe R; + // here we measure COST, and the select+connect is the cost-faithful carry. + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; // threaded as committed work; value-semantics proven in R. + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + // --- compile to tables (NPO preprocessors for poseidon2 + recompose) ---- + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + + // --- pack public/private inputs + MMCS private data -------------------- + // active bits: first `num_active` source slots active, rest inactive. + // Public inputs are over the challenge (extension) field. + let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| { + if i < num_active { + Challenge::ONE + } else { + Challenge::ZERO + } + }) + .collect(); + + // pack_values for each verified proof, interleaving the per-slot `active` + // public input in the SAME order the circuit allocated them: the verifier + // builders' public inputs come first per allocation; the `active` / + // `expected` allocations are interleaved between source verifiers. To match + // allocation order exactly we re-pack: predecessor verifier inputs, then for + // each source (verifier inputs, then its `active` public input). + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { + let (s_pub, s_priv) = + src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + // the `active` public input for this slot (alloc_public_input ordering). + pubs.push(active_bits[i]); + } + + // Build a closure that runs the circuit (witness-gen) producing fresh + // traces — used for both the (re-usable) prover data and each timed prove. + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + // MMCS private data for every verified inner proof (real with_mmcs path). + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); + } + runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(fri)).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- + let traces = run_witness(); + let t_cold = Instant::now(); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); + let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); + + // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ + let traces_warm = run_witness(); + let _ = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warmup prove"); + const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let traces_run = run_witness(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warm prove"); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); + } + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + + ProveResult { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + witness_count, + num_active, + } +} + +/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + layer: &Layer, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &layer.proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data"); +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Composition anchors. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/// Probe T's single state-transition warm-prove (BabyBear + production FRI). +const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; +/// Plonky2 single-prove baseline (M5-class), warm p50. +const PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +/// Live populated `/api/send` Plonky2 prove incl. node overhead (R2 baseline). +const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; +/// Warm-prove budget per the migration research (≤5 s warm). +const WARM_BUDGET_MS: f64 = 5000.0; + +#[test] +fn probe_x_aggregator_recursion() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n========== Probe X: aggregator recursion STARK-prove (fan-in 8 + 1) =========="); + println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + {MAX_IN_COINS} source carriers,"); + println!(" flat single-layer in-circuit verify_batch_circuit + active masks"); + println!(" + IVC carry select (faithful single-aggregator-layer; a 2-to-1"); + println!( + " tree would cost strictly MORE, so this is a conservative lower bound)." + ); + println!("stage measured: STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level"); + println!( + " path) — NOT witness-gen (Probe R/R-cost), NOT #436's high-level API." + ); + println!("inner verifier: FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS opening checks)."); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Probe T anchor : {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms single transition | Plonky2 {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms single / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live send" + ); + + // Inner carrier trace height. The recursion-circuit prove cost is dominated + // by the verifier sub-circuit area (a function of the inner proof's FRI + // shape: queries x blowup x folding), which is essentially independent of + // the inner trace HEIGHT (the verifier checks openings, not the whole + // trace). A modest inner size keeps inner-prove setup cheap while the + // recursion (verifier) area — the thing X measures — is fully present. + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + let num_active = MAX_IN_COINS; // worst case: all 8 source slots active. + + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {num_active}/{MAX_IN_COINS}", + inner_rows.trailing_zeros() + ); + + let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; + let mut results: Vec<(FriChoice, ProveResult)> = Vec::new(); + + for &fri in &fris { + println!("\n--- inner+verifier FRI = {} ---", fri.label()); + let r = prove_aggregator(fri, inner_rows, num_active); + println!( + " aggregator recursion: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb + ); + println!( + " circuit public_flat_len={} | {} active source slots verified in-circuit", + r.witness_count, r.num_active + ); + results.push((fri, r)); + } + + // --- results table ----------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n========================= Probe X results (warm, p50) ========================"); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", + "inner+verifier FRI", "build", "cold", "p50", "p90", "rss_MB" + ); + for (fri, r) in &results { + println!( + "{:<34} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.0}", + fri.label(), + r.build_ms, + r.cold_ms, + r.p50_ms, + r.p90_ms, + r.rss_mb + ); + } + + // --- composed full-send estimate vs Plonky2 ---------------------------- + // Primary recursion-overhead figure = the non-zk (blowup-1) production + // headline (results[0]); the zk row is reported alongside. + let x_nonzk = results[0].1.p50_ms; + let full_nonzk = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + x_nonzk; + println!("\n================ composed full populated-send prove (T + X) =================="); + println!( + "Probe T transition : {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms (single state-transition, prod FRI)" + ); + println!( + "Probe X recursion : {x_nonzk:.0} ms (verify {} sources + 1 predecessor, STARK-proved)", + MAX_IN_COINS + ); + println!( + "==> full send (T+X) : {full_nonzk:.0} ms [non-zk blowup-1; zk blowup-2 recursion = {:.0} ms]", + results[1].1.p50_ms + ); + + // Verdict vs Plonky2 single-prove (4.35 s) and vs the warm budget. + println!("\n========================== verdict vs Plonky2 ================================"); + let (verdict_single, factor_single) = if full_nonzk < PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS / full_nonzk) + } else { + ("SLOWER", full_nonzk / PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS) + }; + println!( + "vs Plonky2 single-prove {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms : full send {full_nonzk:.0} ms -> {verdict_single} by {factor_single:.2}x" + ); + let (verdict_live, factor_live) = if full_nonzk < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / full_nonzk) + } else { + ("SLOWER", full_nonzk / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) + }; + println!( + "vs Plonky2 live /api/send {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms : full send {full_nonzk:.0} ms -> {verdict_live} by {factor_live:.2}x (excl. Plonky3 node overhead)" + ); + if full_nonzk <= WARM_BUDGET_MS { + println!( + "vs ≤{WARM_BUDGET_MS:.0} ms warm budget : WITHIN BUDGET ({:.0} ms headroom)", + WARM_BUDGET_MS - full_nonzk + ); + } else { + println!( + "vs ≤{WARM_BUDGET_MS:.0} ms warm budget : !!! BLOWS BUDGET !!! (over by {:.0} ms / {:.2}x)", + full_nonzk - WARM_BUDGET_MS, + full_nonzk / WARM_BUDGET_MS + ); + } + + // --- the honest bottom line ------------------------------------------- + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); + println!( + "Recursion overhead at production fan-in (8+1), STARK-proved under BabyBear + {}:", + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1.label() + ); + println!(" recursion-prove p50 = {x_nonzk:.0} ms (the number Probe R-cost deferred)."); + println!( + " This is ~{:.0}x the {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms single transition: at production", + x_nonzk / PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + ); + println!(" fan-in the recursion overhead DOMINATES the full send (transition is ~7% of it)."); + // Three honest bands: comfortably faster (>=1.2x), MARGINAL (within ~1.2x, + // i.e. inside measurement noise + proxy error), or slower. + const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; + println!( + " Composed with Probe T's {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms transition, the FULL populated-send" + ); + if full_nonzk >= PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS { + println!( + " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — SLOWER than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms single-prove." + ); + println!( + " The recursion overhead ERASES the Probe-T transition win. Stated plainly, NOT spun:" + ); + println!(" at production fan-in the recursion-prove cost dominates and Plonky3 loses."); + } else if factor_single < MARGIN_BAND { + println!( + " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — only {factor_single:.2}x faster than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms." + ); + println!( + " MARGINAL: that {factor_single:.2}x is WITHIN measurement noise + proxy error. The recursion" + ); + println!( + " overhead very nearly ERASES the Probe-T win — Plonky3 is at best a WASH on the full" + ); + println!( + " populated send, NOT the ~10-14x headline Probe T's single transition suggested." + ); + println!( + " Honest read: the 8-source in-circuit aggregation is the cost driver, and the real" + ); + println!( + " Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier per row than this proxy) would likely flip" + ); + println!(" this to SLOWER. Do not bank the migration on a speed win at this fan-in."); + } else { + println!( + " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — comfortably FASTER than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms by {factor_single:.2}x." + ); + println!(" The recursion overhead does NOT erase the Probe-T win."); + } + println!( + " Recovery levers (circuit-side, if the margin must improve): fewer in-coins (smaller" + ); + println!(" MAX_IN_COINS); cheaper inner FRI (fewer queries / lower blowup for inner proofs);"); + println!( + " batch the 8 source verifications into one larger table; KoalaBear; drop in-coin recursion." + ); + println!("STARK-prove of the recursion circuit via low-level prove_all_tables WORKS (verified"); + println!("above) — NO dependency on #436's broken high-level multi-layer API. This is the"); + println!("faithful production recursion-prove shape."); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + assert_eq!(results.len(), 2, "must measure both FRI configs"); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..220433fc --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs @@ -0,0 +1,938 @@ +//! Probe X′ — the **decisive lever test** for the Plonky3 send-side speed case. +//! +//! # The lever +//! +//! Probe X measured the production aggregator (8 source carriers + 1 +//! predecessor/IVC carrier) as a **flat 8+1**: nine INDEPENDENT in-circuit +//! `verify_batch_circuit`s, each its own full in-circuit FRI verifier, costs +//! summed. The headline was ~4.0 s non-zk / ~6.7 s zk for the recursion-prove +//! alone, which makes the full populated `/api/send` a wash-or-loss vs Plonky2. +//! The whole migration's user-facing-latency case hinges on whether that +//! aggregation cost can be cut. Probe X′ measures the best achievable +//! reduction — real proving, real numbers, honest if it does NOT help. +//! +//! The hypothesis: the 8 source proofs are all proofs of the **same +//! source-coin circuit shape (same AIR / same vk)**, differing only in +//! witness/public values. Probe X verified them as 8 separate batch proofs +//! (each its own commitment → its own in-circuit FRI verifier). Can verifying 8 +//! same-shape proofs amortize the FRI/Merkle verifier structure? +//! +//! # The a/b framing (read BOTH; they answer different questions) +//! +//! * **X′-a — lower bound / best case.** Prove the 8 sources as ONE batched +//! `prove_batch` (8 `StarkInstance`s → one batched trace commitment, one FRI +//! opening proof), then verify THAT proof in-circuit with a SINGLE +//! `verify_batch_circuit` over an 8-instance `airs` slice. The in-circuit FRI +//! verifier structure (the expensive Merkle-opening / FRI-folding sub-circuit) +//! is instantiated **once** and shared across all 8 instances. This is the +//! theoretical floor: it bounds how much the verifier *structure* costs vs the +//! per-proof *opening* work. It is only physically realisable IF the protocol +//! could batch the 8 sources at prove time. +//! +//! * **X′-b — realistic.** In the REAL protocol the 8 source proofs come from +//! DIFFERENT prior transactions, proved independently at different times +//! (different challengers, different commitments). They are NOT one batch and +//! cannot be retroactively re-batched without re-proving them. X′-b proves 8 +//! **independent** batch proofs (as in reality) and verifies them in-circuit +//! with whatever amortization the recursion API genuinely allows for same-vk +//! proofs. The honest question this answers: can independent same-vk proofs +//! share the in-circuit verifier? The API (`verify_batch_circuit` consumes one +//! `BatchProofTargets` per `BatchProof`, each carrying its own commitment and +//! FRI opening proof) forces **one verifier instantiation per independent +//! proof** — so X′-b is structurally Probe X. We measure it to CONFIRM that, +//! not assume it. +//! +//! # The honest verdict this probe must deliver +//! +//! If X′-a ≪ Probe X but X′-b ≈ Probe X, the conclusion is precise and +//! unspun: **batching the same-vk verifier structure is a real saving, but it is +//! UNREACHABLE for the send path** because the protocol's sources are +//! independent and cannot be retroactively batched. In that case batching does +//! NOT rescue the send-side speed case, and the only live lever is reducing +//! `MAX_IN_COINS` (fewer in-coins per send). The probe states this plainly. +//! +//! # What is measured +//! +//! For each framing × {non-zk `new_benchmark` blowup-1, zk `new_benchmark_zk` +//! blowup-2}: circuit-build wall-time, cold STARK-prove, warm p50/p90 over 5 +//! runs after a warmup, peak RSS. The recursion circuit is **STARK-PROVED** +//! (`prove_all_tables`, the low-level #436-free path Probe X uses) and verified +//! — real proof, not witness-gen. Then the **reduction factor vs Probe X's flat +//! 8+1** (4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk) is computed per framing, and the full +//! `/api/send` estimate is recomposed (Probe T 0.31 s + X′ aggregation + node +//! overhead 5.6 s) with the rescued/not-rescued verdict. +//! +//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of the +//! speed verdict — the verdict is data, not a gate. + +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; +use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; +use p3_circuit::ExprId; +use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; +use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; +use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; +use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; +use p3_circuit_prover::{ + BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, + RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, +}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; +use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; +use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; +use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; +use p3_recursion::{ + BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, +}; +use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// BabyBear recursion config — IDENTICAL to Probe X (production crypto config: +// BabyBear, real in-circuit MMCS verification, new_benchmark / new_benchmark_zk +// FRI). Reused verbatim so the X′ numbers are directly comparable to X's. +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +type F = BabyBear; +const D: usize = 4; +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const RATE: usize = 8; +const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; +type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; +type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; +type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; +type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< + ::Packing, + ::Packing, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + 2, + DIGEST_ELEMS, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; +type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< + F, + Challenge, + RecExtensionValMmcs< + F, + Challenge, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + RecValMmcs, + >, + InputProofTargets>, + Witness, +>; + +/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for the inner carrier proofs +/// (and, matched exactly, the in-circuit verifier params). +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +enum FriChoice { + /// `new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. Production + /// non-zk headline. + BenchBlowup1, + /// `new_benchmark_zk`: blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. True-ZK FRI. + BenchZkBlowup2, +} + +impl FriChoice { + fn label(self) -> &'static str { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk)", + } + } + + fn fri_params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { + match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), + } + } + + fn verifier_scalars(self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) { + let p = match self { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()), + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark_zk(()), + }; + ( + p.log_blowup, + p.log_final_poly_len, + p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, + p.query_proof_of_work_bits, + ) + } +} + +/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given production FRI choice. +fn make_config(fri: FriChoice) -> MyConfig { + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); + let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); + let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = fri.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); + let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); + MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) +} + +/// In-circuit FRI verifier params MATCHING the inner proof's FRI choice, with +/// **real MMCS verification enabled** (`with_mmcs`) — the sound production path. +fn fri_verifier_params(fri: FriChoice) -> FriVerifierParams { + let (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits) = fri.verifier_scalars(); + FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( + log_blowup, + log_final_poly_len, + commit_pow_bits, + query_pow_bits, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// CarrierAir — Probe X / Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` +// with the native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. Unchanged: it is the inner +// proof the recursion circuit verifies. Each source coin and the predecessor +// account is one such carrier (same AIR / same vk — exactly the same-shape +// property X′ tests for amortization). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone, Copy)] +struct CarrierAir { + rows: usize, +} + +impl CarrierAir { + fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { + let width = 2; + let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); + for row in 0..self.rows { + let idx = row * width; + values[idx] = v; + values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) + } +} + +impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } + fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { + 2 + } +} + +impl> Air for CarrierAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice(); + let v_in = local[0]; + let v_out = local[1]; + let pis = builder.public_values(); + let pi_in = pis[0]; + let pi_out = pis[1]; + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); + builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); + builder + .when_first_row() + .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); + } +} + +/// A produced inner batch proof + everything the recursion circuit needs to +/// allocate and verify it. May contain ONE instance (independent carrier, as in +/// X′-b / Probe X) or MANY instances (the batched X′-a source bundle). +struct InnerProof { + proof: BatchProof, + /// One `CarrierAir` per instance (all same shape; distinct only by trace). + airs: Vec, + /// One public-value vector per instance. + pvs: Vec>, + prover_data: ProverData, +} + +impl InnerProof { + fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { + &self.prover_data.common + } + fn num_instances(&self) -> usize { + self.airs.len() + } +} + +/// Prove ONE batch proof containing `values.len()` carrier instances, all of the +/// same `CarrierAir` shape, at `rows` inner trace height. With `values.len() == +/// 1` this is an independent single-carrier proof (X′-b / Probe X). With +/// `values.len() == 8` this is the X′-a batched-source bundle: a SINGLE +/// `prove_batch` → one trace commitment → one FRI opening proof for all 8. +fn prove_inner(config: &MyConfig, values: &[F], rows: usize) -> InnerProof { + let airs: Vec = values.iter().map(|_| CarrierAir { rows }).collect(); + let traces: Vec> = values.iter().map(|&v| airs[0].honest_trace(v)).collect(); + let pvs: Vec> = values.iter().map(|&v| vec![v, v + F::ONE]).collect(); + + let instances: Vec> = (0..values.len()) + .map(|i| StarkInstance { + air: &airs[i], + trace: &traces[i], + public_values: pvs[i].clone(), + }) + .collect(); + + let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); + let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); + verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) + .expect("native carrier batch verify (production FRI)"); + + InnerProof { + proof, + airs, + pvs, + prover_data, + } +} + +type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; + +/// Allocate ONE inner batch proof (1 or N instances) into `cb` and run a SINGLE +/// `verify_batch_circuit` over ALL its instances under the (real-MMCS) verifier +/// params. For an N-instance proof this instantiates the in-circuit FRI verifier +/// structure ONCE and shares it across the N instances — the X′-a amortization. +/// Returns the verifier-inputs builder and the MMCS op-ids (for private data). +fn add_inner_verifier( + config: &MyConfig, + vparams: &FriVerifierParams, + cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, + inner: &InnerProof, +) -> (Vi, Vec) { + let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); + let air_public_counts = vec![2usize; inner.num_instances()]; + let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &inner.proof, inner.common(), &air_public_counts); + assert_eq!( + vi.air_public_targets.len(), + inner.num_instances(), + "one public-value target group per inner instance" + ); + for tgt in &vi.air_public_targets { + assert_eq!(tgt.len(), 2, "each carrier surfaces its [v_in, v_out]"); + } + let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( + config, + &inner.airs, + cb, + &vi.proof_targets, + &vi.air_public_targets, + vparams, + &vi.common_data, + &lookup_gadget, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("build inner verifier (real MMCS)"); + (vi, mmcs_op_ids) +} + +/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. +fn set_mmcs_for( + runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, + op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], + inner: &InnerProof, +) { + set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< + F, + Challenge, + ChallengeMmcs, + MyMmcs, + MyHash, + MyCompress, + DIGEST_ELEMS, + >( + runner, + op_ids, + &inner.proof.opening_proof, + Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, + ) + .expect("set MMCS private data"); +} + +/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. +const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; + +/// Which framing to build. +#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] +enum Framing { + /// X′-a: 8 sources proved as ONE batched proof (8 instances), verified + /// in-circuit with a SINGLE `verify_batch_circuit`. + 1 predecessor proof. + /// Total in-circuit verifiers: 2 (one 8-instance, one 1-instance). + BatchedLowerBound, + /// X′-b: 8 INDEPENDENT source proofs, each verified by its own + /// `verify_batch_circuit`. + 1 predecessor proof. Total in-circuit + /// verifiers: 9 — structurally identical to Probe X's flat 8+1. + IndependentRealistic, +} + +impl Framing { + fn tag(self) -> &'static str { + match self { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => "X'-a batched (lower bound)", + Framing::IndependentRealistic => "X'-b independent (realistic)", + } + } +} + +/// Result of building + STARK-proving one framing's aggregator recursion circuit. +struct ProveResult { + build_ms: f64, + cold_ms: f64, + p50_ms: f64, + p90_ms: f64, + rss_mb: f64, + witness_count: usize, + /// Number of in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` instantiations. + num_in_circuit_verifiers: usize, +} + +/// Build the chosen framing's aggregator recursion circuit, then STARK-PROVE it. +/// +/// Both framings verify the SAME total work — 8 source carriers + 1 predecessor +/// carrier, with the per-source `active`-bit mask (Probe E) and the IVC carry +/// select (Probe R). They differ ONLY in how the 8 sources are packaged: +/// * `BatchedLowerBound` — 8 sources as one batch proof, ONE verifier; +/// * `IndependentRealistic` — 8 independent proofs, 8 verifiers. +fn prove_framing(fri: FriChoice, inner_rows: usize, framing: Framing) -> ProveResult { + let config = make_config(fri); + let vparams = fri_verifier_params(fri); + + // --- inner carrier proofs --------------------------------------------- + // Predecessor account carrier: V_prev = 100 (-> emits 101). Always its own + // independent proof (the predecessor is genuinely a different prior tx). + let predecessor = prove_inner(&config, &[F::from_u32(100)], inner_rows); + + // Source carriers: active slot i carries (200 + i) -> emits (201 + i). + let source_values: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) + .map(|i| F::from_u32(200 + i as u32)) + .collect(); + + // X′-a: ONE 8-instance batch proof. X′-b: 8 independent 1-instance proofs. + let batched_sources: Option = match framing { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => Some(prove_inner(&config, &source_values, inner_rows)), + Framing::IndependentRealistic => None, + }; + let independent_sources: Vec = match framing { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => Vec::new(), + Framing::IndependentRealistic => source_values + .iter() + .map(|&v| prove_inner(&config, &[v], inner_rows)) + .collect(), + }; + + // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- + let t_build = Instant::now(); + let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); + let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); + cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( + generate_poseidon2_trace::, + perm, + ); + cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); + + // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit (one instance). + let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); + + // 2. the 8 sources, verified in-circuit per framing. We collect, per source + // slot, the (v_in, v_out) public-value targets so the active-mask and IVC + // carry below are applied IDENTICALLY in both framings (so the only cost + // difference is the verifier packaging, never the masking work). + // + // CRITICAL: a public input's flat index is fixed at ALLOCATION time, and the + // packed `pubs` vector must list values in that exact order. The per-source + // `active` bit is therefore allocated IMMEDIATELY AFTER that source's + // verifier inputs (in the realistic framing, interleaved one per source; in + // the batched framing, all 8 after the single shared verifier) so allocation + // order == packing order. (`alloc_const`/`select`/`connect` produce internal + // wires, not public inputs, so they do not affect public-input ordering.) + let mut src_v_in: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut active_inputs: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); + let mut verifier_inputs: Vec = Vec::new(); + let mut verifier_op_ids: Vec> = Vec::new(); + let mut num_in_circuit_verifiers = 1usize; // predecessor + + // Apply the Probe E active-bit mask for source slot `i` against its surfaced + // `v_out` target: active=1 -> v_out must equal expected (honest check fires); + // active=0 -> connect(v_out, v_out) (slot masked off, any value ok). + let apply_mask = |cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, i: usize, v_out: ExprId| -> ExprId { + let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); + cb.assert_bool(active); + let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); + let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); + cb.connect(v_out, masked); + active + }; + + match framing { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { + let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); + let (vi, ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, bundle); + num_in_circuit_verifiers += 1; // ONE verifier for all 8 sources + // Collect v_in/v_out first (immutable borrow of vi), then apply masks. + let slots: Vec<(ExprId, ExprId)> = vi + .air_public_targets + .iter() + .map(|inst| (inst[0], inst[1])) + .collect(); + verifier_inputs.push(vi); + verifier_op_ids.push(ids); + for (i, (v_in, v_out)) in slots.into_iter().enumerate() { + src_v_in.push(v_in); + active_inputs.push(apply_mask(&mut cb, i, v_out)); + } + } + Framing::IndependentRealistic => { + for (i, src) in independent_sources.iter().enumerate() { + let (vi, ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); + num_in_circuit_verifiers += 1; // one verifier per source + let v_in = vi.air_public_targets[0][0]; + let v_out = vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + verifier_inputs.push(vi); + verifier_op_ids.push(ids); + src_v_in.push(v_in); + active_inputs.push(apply_mask(&mut cb, i, v_out)); + } + } + } + assert_eq!(src_v_in.len(), MAX_IN_COINS, "8 source slots surfaced"); + + // 3. IVC carry select (Probe R thread), IDENTICAL across framings: thread + // pred_v_out through a select gate bound to source[0]'s v_in (committed + // carry work; value-semantics proven in Probe R, COST modelled here). + let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; + let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src_v_in[0], pred_v_out); + let _ = carry; + + let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); + let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; + + // --- compile to tables ------------------------------------------------- + let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); + let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ + Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), + Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), + ]; + let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); + air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); + let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = + get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( + &circuit, + &table_packing, + &npo_prep, + &air_builders, + ConstraintProfile::Standard, + ) + .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); + let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); + + // --- pack public/private inputs (allocation order) --------------------- + // The predecessor verifier inputs come first; then for each source slot the + // verifier inputs followed by that slot's `active` public input — except in + // the batched framing where the 8 sources share ONE verifier-inputs builder + // whose 8 public-value groups precede the 8 interleaved `active` bits. + let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS).map(|_| Challenge::ONE).collect(); // worst case: all 8 active + + let (mut pubs, mut privs) = + pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); + + match framing { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { + // ONE verifier-inputs builder packs all 8 source public-value groups. + let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); + let vi = &verifier_inputs[0]; + let (s_pub, s_priv) = vi.pack_values(&bundle.pvs, &bundle.proof, bundle.common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + // Then the 8 `active` public inputs (allocated after the verifier). + for &bit in &active_bits { + pubs.push(bit); + } + } + Framing::IndependentRealistic => { + // Per source: verifier inputs, then that slot's `active` bit. + for (i, vi) in verifier_inputs.iter().enumerate() { + let src = &independent_sources[i]; + let (s_pub, s_priv) = vi.pack_values(&src.pvs, &src.proof, src.common()); + pubs.extend(s_pub); + privs.extend(s_priv); + pubs.push(active_bits[i]); + } + } + } + + // witness-gen closure (fresh traces per prove; sets MMCS private data). + let run_witness = || { + let mut runner = circuit.runner(); + runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); + runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); + match framing { + Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { + let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &verifier_op_ids[0], bundle); + } + Framing::IndependentRealistic => { + for (i, ids) in verifier_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { + set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &independent_sources[i]); + } + } + } + runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") + }; + + let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); + let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); + let circuit_prover_data = + CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); + let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(fri)).with_table_packing(table_packing); + prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); + prover.register_recompose_table::(false); + + // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- + let traces = run_witness(); + let t_cold = Instant::now(); + let proof = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); + let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + prover + .verify_all_tables(&proof) + .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); + + // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ + let traces_warm = run_witness(); + let _ = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warmup prove"); + const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; + let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); + for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { + let traces_run = run_witness(); + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prover + .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) + .expect("warm prove"); + times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); + } + times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + + ProveResult { + build_ms, + cold_ms, + p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), + p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), + rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), + witness_count, + num_in_circuit_verifiers, + } +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Composition anchors (shared with Probe X). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +/// Probe T's single state-transition warm-prove (BabyBear + production FRI). +const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; +/// Plonky3 node-side overhead outside the prove (serialization, DB, SMT, etc.). +const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; +/// Plonky2 single-prove baseline (M5-class), warm p50. +const PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS: f64 = 4350.0; +/// Live populated `/api/send` Plonky2 prove incl. node overhead (R2 baseline). +const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; +/// Probe X's flat 8+1 recursion-prove p50, non-zk (blowup-1). +const PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS: f64 = 4000.0; +/// Probe X's flat 8+1 recursion-prove p50, zk (blowup-2). +const PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS: f64 = 6700.0; + +fn probe_x_flat(fri: FriChoice) -> f64 { + match fri { + FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS, + FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS, + } +} + +#[test] +fn probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!( + "\n===== Probe X′: batched-aggregator lever test (8 same-vk sources + 1 predecessor) =====" + ); + println!("X'-a (lower bound): 8 sources as ONE batch proof, verified in-circuit ONCE."); + println!("X'-b (realistic) : 8 INDEPENDENT proofs (as in reality), one verifier each."); + println!("stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables)."); + println!("inner verifier : FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS checks)."); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); + println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Probe X anchor : flat 8+1 = {PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS:.0} ms non-zk / {PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS:.0} ms zk" + ); + + let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | all {MAX_IN_COINS} source slots active (worst case)", + inner_rows.trailing_zeros() + ); + + let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; + let framings = [Framing::BatchedLowerBound, Framing::IndependentRealistic]; + + // results[(framing_idx, fri_idx)] + let mut results: Vec<(Framing, FriChoice, ProveResult)> = Vec::new(); + for &framing in &framings { + for &fri in &fris { + println!("\n--- {} | FRI = {} ---", framing.tag(), fri.label()); + let r = prove_framing(fri, inner_rows, framing); + println!( + " in-circuit verifiers={} | build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", + r.num_in_circuit_verifiers, r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb + ); + println!(" circuit public_flat_len={}", r.witness_count); + results.push((framing, fri, r)); + } + } + + // --- results table ----------------------------------------------------- + println!("\n=========================== Probe X′ results (warm) =========================="); + println!( + "{:<30} {:<22} {:>4} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8}", + "framing", "FRI", "vfy", "cold", "p50", "p90", "rss_MB" + ); + for (framing, fri, r) in &results { + println!( + "{:<30} {:<22} {:>4} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.0}", + framing.tag(), + fri.label(), + r.num_in_circuit_verifiers, + r.cold_ms, + r.p50_ms, + r.p90_ms, + r.rss_mb + ); + } + + // --- reduction factor vs Probe X flat 8+1, per framing × fri ----------- + println!("\n=================== reduction factor vs Probe X flat 8+1 ====================="); + let get = |fr: Framing, choice: FriChoice| -> &ProveResult { + &results + .iter() + .find(|(f, c, _)| { + *f == fr && core::mem::discriminant(c) == core::mem::discriminant(&choice) + }) + .expect("result present") + .2 + }; + for &framing in &framings { + for &fri in &fris { + let r = get(framing, fri); + let flat = probe_x_flat(fri); + let factor = flat / r.p50_ms; + println!( + "{:<30} {:<22} p50={:>7.0} ms vs flat {:>5.0} ms -> {:.2}x {}", + framing.tag(), + fri.label(), + r.p50_ms, + flat, + factor, + if factor >= 1.05 { + "REDUCTION" + } else if factor <= 0.95 { + "WORSE" + } else { + "~same as flat" + } + ); + } + } + + // --- recomposed full /api/send estimate, per framing ------------------- + println!("\n============= recomposed full /api/send (T + X′ + node overhead) ============="); + println!( + "anchors: Probe T transition {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" + ); + println!( + "targets: beat Plonky2 single-prove {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms AND live /api/send {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms" + ); + for &framing in &framings { + for &fri in &fris { + let r = get(framing, fri); + let full = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + r.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; + let vs_live = if full < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { + format!( + "FASTER than live send ({:.2}x)", + PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / full + ) + } else { + format!( + "SLOWER than live send ({:.2}x)", + full / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS + ) + }; + println!( + "{:<30} {:<22} full send = {:>7.0} ms ({})", + framing.tag(), + fri.label(), + full, + vs_live + ); + } + } + + // --- the honest verdict ----------------------------------------------- + let a_nonzk = get(Framing::BatchedLowerBound, FriChoice::BenchBlowup1); + let b_nonzk = get(Framing::IndependentRealistic, FriChoice::BenchBlowup1); + let a_factor = PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS / a_nonzk.p50_ms; + let b_factor = PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS / b_nonzk.p50_ms; + let b_full = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + b_nonzk.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; + + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); + println!( + "X'-a batched lower bound (non-zk): {:.0} ms = {:.2}x reduction vs flat {:.0} ms.", + a_nonzk.p50_ms, a_factor, PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS + ); + println!( + "X'-b realistic independent (non-zk): {:.0} ms = {:.2}x vs flat {:.0} ms.", + b_nonzk.p50_ms, b_factor, PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS + ); + println!( + "in-circuit verifiers: X'-a = {} (one 8-instance + predecessor), X'-b = {} (flat 8+1).", + a_nonzk.num_in_circuit_verifiers, b_nonzk.num_in_circuit_verifiers + ); + + // Is the same-vk amortization realisable for the SEND path? Only if X′-b + // (the realistic, independent-proof framing) — not just X′-a — beats flat. + const REALISABLE_BAND: f64 = 1.10; // >10% off flat counts as a real saving + let b_amortizes = b_factor >= REALISABLE_BAND; + let a_amortizes = a_factor >= REALISABLE_BAND; + + println!("\nIs same-vk verifier amortization GENUINELY achievable via the API?"); + if a_amortizes && !b_amortizes { + println!( + " X'-a shows the batched verifier IS cheaper ({:.2}x) — but ONLY when the 8 sources", + a_factor + ); + println!(" are proved as one batch. X'-b (independent proofs, as in reality) is ~flat:"); + println!( + " {:.2}x. The API verifies one BatchProof per `verify_batch_circuit` (each carries its", + b_factor + ); + println!( + " own commitment + FRI opening proof), so INDEPENDENT same-vk proofs CANNOT share" + ); + println!( + " the in-circuit verifier. In the real protocol the 8 sources come from different" + ); + println!( + " prior transactions, proved at different times — they are NOT one batch and cannot" + ); + println!(" be retroactively re-batched without re-proving them."); + println!( + "\n VERDICT: batching does NOT rescue the send-side speed case. The batched floor" + ); + println!( + " (X'-a) is unreachable for /api/send. The realistic figure (X'-b) ≈ Probe X, so the" + ); + let b_full_zk = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + + get(Framing::IndependentRealistic, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2).p50_ms + + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; + println!( + " recomposed full send is {:.0} ms non-zk / {:.0} ms zk — a WASH vs Plonky2's live {:.0} ms", + b_full, b_full_zk, PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS + ); + println!( + " (non-zk {:.2}x, within noise) and a LOSS in true-ZK ({:.2}x slower); both are far above", + PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / b_full, + b_full_zk / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS + ); + println!( + " Plonky2's {:.0} ms single-prove. The Probe-T transition win ({:.0} ms) is swamped by the", + PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS, PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + ); + println!(" 8-source recursion. The only live send-side lever is reducing MAX_IN_COINS"); + println!(" (fewer in-coins per send) — NOT same-vk batching, which is unreachable here."); + } else if b_amortizes { + println!( + " X'-b (realistic, independent proofs) ALSO beats flat: {:.2}x. The recursion API DOES", + b_factor + ); + println!( + " let independent same-vk proofs share verifier structure — a genuine send-side win." + ); + println!( + " Recomposed realistic full send = {:.0} ms vs Plonky2 live {:.0} ms.", + b_full, PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS + ); + } else { + println!( + " Neither framing beats flat materially (X'-a {:.2}x, X'-b {:.2}x): batching the same-vk", + a_factor, b_factor + ); + println!( + " verifier structure does not reduce the STARK-prove cost. The cost is in the FRI" + ); + println!(" opening work, which scales with the number of distinct openings regardless of"); + println!(" packaging. Batching does NOT rescue the send case; MAX_IN_COINS is the lever."); + } + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Test passes on successful measurement + verification (verdict is data). + assert_eq!( + results.len(), + framings.len() * fris.len(), + "all framings × FRI measured" + ); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09e89bdf --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ +//! Probe Y — COLD-START pipeline cost for the representative zkCoins circuit. +//! +//! # What this probe answers +//! +//! "When the zkCoins node boots and proves its FIRST circuit on Plonky3 + +//! BabyBear under TRUE production cryptography, how long until that first proof +//! is ready, and how does that cold path compare to Plonky2's cold path?" +//! +//! Plonky2's cold path on the real circuit (M5 Max baseline) is: +//! +//! * **circuit build / preprocessing : 8.2 s** — Plonky2 compiles a gate +//! circuit: it builds the `CircuitData`, runs the gate-placement / +//! witness-generator wiring, computes the constant/sigma polynomials and the +//! prover/verifier key. That is a one-time-per-process cost paid before any +//! proof can be produced. +//! * **first (cold) prove : 6.1 s** — the first `prove()` is slower +//! than the warm steady state (4.35 s p50) because allocators, FFT twiddle +//! caches and the thread pool are cold. +//! * **cold total : 14.4 s** — build + first-prove: the real +//! wall-clock latency from "node started" to "first proof emitted". +//! +//! # The honest point this probe makes +//! +//! A FRI-STARK over an AIR (Plonky3) has **no circuit-compilation step**. There +//! is nothing analogous to Plonky2's `CircuitBuilder::build()` gate-routing and +//! key-generation pass. The Plonky3 "build" is just: +//! +//! 1. constructing the hasher / compression / MMCS / PCS / challenger structs +//! (`build_config`) — a handful of `::new()` calls, no proving-system work; +//! 2. sampling the Poseidon2 round constants for the AIR (`build_hash_air`) — +//! one RNG fill; +//! 3. (for the batched proof) `ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees` — the closest +//! thing to "keygen": it derives the symbolic constraints, lookups and +//! quotient-degree metadata per table. This is the ONLY non-trivial cold +//! setup cost, and it is still small. +//! +//! So the cold-start win for Plonky3 should be LARGE, and this probe quantifies +//! it precisely: wall-time of (config+AIR build), of `ProverData` keygen, of the +//! cold first-prove, and of the cold total, each measured separately, against +//! the 14.4 s Plonky2 cold path. +//! +//! # Proxy boundary (identical to Probe T) +//! +//! This is the Probe T cost-faithful representative circuit — degree-7 +//! Poseidon2 hash table (~4500 perms) + degree-3 arithmetic table at the +//! realistic 2^13 anchor — under the verbatim production-crypto config +//! (HidingFriPcs, Keccak-hiding MMCS, FRI `new_benchmark_zk`). It reproduces +//! the real circuit's prove-cost DRIVERS, NOT its business semantics (no +//! balance / nullifier / SMT-membership logic). The cold-start *shape* it +//! measures — "no gate-circuit compilation, only config + round-constant + +//! keygen setup" — is a structural property of the Plonky3 prover, so it holds +//! for the real port regardless of the exact table layout. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on a successful cold measurement + verification of the cold proof. +//! The faster/slower cold-start verdict vs Plonky2 (14.4 s) is a REPORTED +//! finding. The single hard expectation we assert is structural, not a +//! threshold: the Plonky3 "build" (config + AIR + keygen) is a small fraction of +//! Plonky2's 8.2 s circuit-build — asserted loosely (build < 8.2 s) so a +//! regression that reintroduced a multi-second preprocessing cost would fail. + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Crypto config (Probe T / V recipe — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; + +type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Real-circuit cost anchors + Plonky2 COLD baseline (M5 Max). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +/// Realistic non-hash arith table height (Probe T anchor: 2^13 already +/// over-covers the real ~50k non-hash gates). +const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; + +/// Plonky2 COLD path on the real zkCoins circuit (M5 Max). +const PLONKY2_BUILD_MS: f64 = 8200.0; // gate-circuit compile + keygen +const PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS: f64 = 6100.0; // first prove (cold caches) +const PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS: f64 = 14400.0; // build + first prove + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Non-hash arithmetic AIR — Probe T's degree-3 cost model (verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched proof (Probe T's `TableAir`, verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + HashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { + let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; + let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; + assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); + let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; + if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { + max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } else { + (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 + } +} + +fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +#[test] +fn probe_y_cold_start() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n================ Probe Y: COLD-START pipeline (representative circuit) ========="); + println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload (hash count + gate count + area +"); + println!("degree-7 + ZK commitment). NOT a semantic port. Cold-start SHAPE (no gate-circuit"); + println!("compilation, only config+round-constant+keygen setup) is structural — holds for"); + println!("the real port regardless of table layout."); + println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS |"); + println!(" HidingFriPcs num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2)"); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!( + "Plonky2 COLD path : build {PLONKY2_BUILD_MS:.0} ms + first-prove {PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS:.0} ms" + ); + println!( + " = cold-total {PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS:.0} ms (real circuit, M5 Max)" + ); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // ==================================================================== + // STEP 1 — config + AIR build (the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's 8.2 s + // gate-circuit compilation). This is JUST hasher/PCS `::new()` calls + + // one RNG round-constant fill: no proving-system preprocessing. + // ==================================================================== + let t_cfg = Instant::now(); + let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); + let config_ms = t_cfg.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + + let t_air = Instant::now(); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + let air_ms = t_air.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + + println!("[1] config build : {config_ms:>8.3} ms (hasher/MMCS/PCS/challenger ::new())"); + println!("[1] AIR round-consts : {air_ms:>8.3} ms (Poseidon2 RoundConstants::from_rng)"); + + // ==================================================================== + // STEP 2 — trace generation for both tables. This is witness work, not + // circuit build, but it is part of the cold critical path (the node + // must fill the trace before its first proof), so it is timed and + // reported separately and NOT folded into the "build" number. + // ==================================================================== + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; + let t_tr = Instant::now(); + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); + let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); + let tracegen_ms = t_tr.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); + let arith_rows = arith_trace.height(); + println!( + "[2] trace generation : {tracegen_ms:>8.3} ms (hash {hash_rows} rows + arith {arith_rows} rows)" + ); + + // ==================================================================== + // STEP 3 — ProverData keygen: the ONLY non-trivial cold setup. Derives + // per-table symbolic constraints / lookups / quotient-degree metadata. + // This is the closest Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's keygen. + // ==================================================================== + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + let t_kg = Instant::now(); + let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + &config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let keygen_ms = t_kg.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + println!( + "[3] ProverData keygen : {keygen_ms:>8.3} ms (symbolic constraints/lookups/quotient deg)" + ); + + // Total Plonky3 "build" = the cold one-time setup BEFORE the first proof: + // config + AIR + keygen. (Trace generation is per-proof work, reported + // separately; including it would be apples-to-oranges vs Plonky2's + // circuit-build which excludes witness generation.) + let build_total_ms = config_ms + air_ms + keygen_ms; + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + println!( + "[=] Plonky3 BUILD total: {build_total_ms:>8.3} ms (config {config_ms:.3} + AIR {air_ms:.3} + keygen {keygen_ms:.3})" + ); + println!( + " vs Plonky2 build : {PLONKY2_BUILD_MS:.0} ms -> {:.0}x smaller", + PLONKY2_BUILD_MS / build_total_ms.max(f64::MIN_POSITIVE) + ); + + // ==================================================================== + // STEP 4 — COLD first prove (NO warmup): the genuine first-proof + // latency with cold allocator / FFT-twiddle / thread-pool state. + // ==================================================================== + let common = &prover_data.common; + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); + + let t_prove = Instant::now(); + let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + let cold_prove_ms = t_prove.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + + // ==================================================================== + // STEP 5 — verify the cold proof (correctness gate). + // ==================================================================== + let t_ver = Instant::now(); + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe Y cold proof must verify"); + let verify_ms = t_ver.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; + + let rss_mb = peak_rss_mb(); + + println!("[4] COLD first-prove : {cold_prove_ms:>8.1} ms (no warmup; cold caches/allocator)"); + println!("[5] verify : {verify_ms:>8.1} ms"); + println!("[=] peak RSS : {rss_mb:>8.0} MB"); + + // ==================================================================== + // Cold-total: build + trace-gen + cold-prove = "node start -> first + // proof emitted". Reported two ways: build+prove (apples-to-apples with + // Plonky2's 14.4 s which is build+first-prove and excludes tracegen), + // and build+tracegen+prove (the true wall-clock latency). + // ==================================================================== + let cold_total_ms = build_total_ms + cold_prove_ms; + let cold_total_with_tracegen_ms = build_total_ms + tracegen_ms + cold_prove_ms; + + println!("\n========================= Probe Y cold-start results =========================="); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>12} {:>14}", + "stage", "Plonky3 (ms)", "Plonky2 (ms)" + ); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>12.3} {:>14.0}", + "build (config+AIR+keygen)", build_total_ms, PLONKY2_BUILD_MS + ); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>12.1} {:>14.0}", + "first (cold) prove", cold_prove_ms, PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS + ); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>12.1} {:>14.0}", + "cold-total (build + first-prove)", cold_total_ms, PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS + ); + println!( + "{:<34} {:>12.3} {:>14}", + " (+ trace-gen, true latency)", cold_total_with_tracegen_ms, "-" + ); + + println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE ==================================="); + println!( + "Plonky3 BUILD = {build_total_ms:.3} ms vs Plonky2 8200 ms: Plonky3 has NO gate-circuit" + ); + println!( + "compilation step. The only non-trivial cold cost is ProverData keygen ({keygen_ms:.3} ms);" + ); + println!("config + round-constants are sub-millisecond. The 8.2 s Plonky2 preprocessing pass"); + println!("simply does not exist in a FRI-STARK-over-AIR prover."); + let (verdict, factor) = if cold_total_ms < PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS { + ("FASTER", PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS / cold_total_ms) + } else { + ("SLOWER", cold_total_ms / PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS) + }; + println!( + "COLD-START VERDICT: Plonky3 cold-total {cold_total_ms:.0} ms is {verdict} than Plonky2" + ); + println!(" 14400 ms by {factor:.2}x. The win is dominated by the eliminated 8.2 s build."); + println!("Cold first-prove ({cold_prove_ms:.0} ms) vs Plonky2 6100 ms is the remaining piece;"); + println!("the warm steady state (Probe T) is the per-proof number, this is the boot latency."); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Structural assertion: the Plonky3 build is a SMALL fraction of Plonky2's + // 8.2 s gate-circuit compile. We assert it is under that 8.2 s (a regression + // reintroducing multi-second preprocessing would fail); the real result is + // expected to be orders of magnitude smaller and is reported above, not + // gated, to avoid a flaky tight threshold. + assert!( + build_total_ms < PLONKY2_BUILD_MS, + "Plonky3 build {build_total_ms:.1} ms unexpectedly >= Plonky2's 8200 ms gate-circuit build" + ); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..437bc68e --- /dev/null +++ b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ +//! Probe Z — prove-vs-VERIFY asymmetry + on-chain / recursive verifier sketch. +//! +//! # What this probe measures +//! +//! For the Probe T representative circuit (degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table + +//! degree-3 arith table, batched under HidingFriPcs / Keccak-hiding MMCS / FRI +//! `new_benchmark_zk`), it measures the three numbers that characterise the +//! prover/verifier asymmetry of a FRI-STARK: +//! +//! 1. **verify() wall-time** — p50 over several `verify_batch` runs of the +//! representative proof (warm). +//! 2. **serialized proof size** — the `BatchProof` `bincode`-serialized, in +//! bytes. This is what the node persists and what a recursion layer must +//! re-hash and re-check. +//! 3. **prove ÷ verify ratio** — how much cheaper verification is than proving. +//! +//! # Why the asymmetry matters for zkCoins (the on-chain / recursive sketch) +//! +//! ## zkCoins does NOT verify proofs on Bitcoin. +//! +//! This is the load-bearing honesty point and it is cross-referenced from Doc 2 +//! (wire/storage format). Bitcoin has no general STARK verifier opcode and +//! zkCoins does not attempt one. The ON-CHAIN footprint of a zkCoins state +//! transition is a **Schnorr-signed inscription** committing to the new state +//! root — a constant-size signature + commitment, NOT a proof verification. The +//! chain witnesses *that a transition was authorised*, not *that the proof is +//! valid*. So "verify cost on Bitcoin" is **N/A by design** — there is no +//! in-consensus verifier to cost. +//! +//! ## Where the verifier actually runs — two places, both measured/cited here. +//! +//! * **(A) Native node-side verify.** The zkCoins node verifies each proof +//! before accepting/relaying a transition. This is exactly the +//! `verify_batch` wall-time this probe measures (the p50 below). It runs once +//! per transition on commodity CPU and is the cheap leg of the asymmetry. +//! +//! * **(B) In-circuit / recursive verify.** zkCoins aggregates transitions by +//! RECURSION: each layer's circuit *verifies the previous layer's proof +//! inside the AIR*. That in-circuit verifier is NOT the native verify measured +//! here — it is a circuit that re-expresses FRI/Merkle/Poseidon2 checks as +//! constraints, and its cost is the *proving* cost of the next layer. That +//! cost is quantified by **Probe X** (the full aggregator carrier chain) and +//! the recursion cost-projection probes (I/R). The relevant takeaway from +//! THIS probe for recursion is: **every recursion layer pays one verify's +//! worth of work, re-expressed as constraints**, and it must re-hash a proof +//! of the size measured below. A small native-verify + a compact proof are +//! exactly what keep the per-layer recursion overhead bounded. +//! +//! ## Future light-client / on-chain-verification ambition. +//! +//! If zkCoins ever wanted real on-chain or light-client verification (e.g. a +//! covenant-enabled Bitcoin soft-fork, or an EVM/L2 verifier contract), the +//! cost that matters is the native verify measured here PLUS the proof size: +//! a light client downloads the proof (the byte count below) and runs the +//! verifier (the p50 below). A STARK proof is large (tens-to-hundreds of KB) +//! relative to a Groth16 SNARK (~200 B), so a STARK light-client pays in +//! bandwidth, not in verifier time. This probe reports the exact bytes so that +//! tradeoff is grounded in a measured number, not a guess. (A succinct on-chain +//! story would require a final SNARK-wrap layer — out of scope here; flagged.) +//! +//! # Proxy boundary +//! +//! Same as Probe T: cost-faithful representative workload, NOT a semantic port. +//! The verify cost and proof size scale with the committed trace area + FRI +//! query count + proof openings, which this workload reproduces; they do not +//! depend on the business meaning of the constraints. +//! +//! # Verdict policy +//! +//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification. The verify p50, proof size +//! and ratio are REPORTED findings. Hard asserts: the proof verifies, and a +//! TAMPERED proof is rejected (a verifier that accepts garbage is worthless — +//! we corrupt one serialized byte and require `verify_batch` to fail). + +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Instant; + +use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; +use p3_baby_bear::{ + BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, + BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, +}; +use p3_batch_stark::{ + BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, +}; +use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; +use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; +use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; +use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; +use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; +use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; +use p3_matrix::Matrix; +use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; +use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; +use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; +use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; +use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; +use rand::SeedableRng; +use rand::rngs::SmallRng; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Crypto config (Probe T recipe — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const WIDTH: usize = 16; +const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; +const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; +const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; +const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; +const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; + +type Val = BabyBear; +type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; + +type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; +type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; +type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; +type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; +type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< + [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], + FieldHash, + MyCompress, + SmallRng, + 2, + 4, + 4, +>; +type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; +type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; +type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; +type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; +type MyConfig = StarkConfig; + +type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< + Val, + GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, + WIDTH, + SBOX_DEGREE, + SBOX_REGISTERS, + HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, + PARTIAL_ROUNDS, + VECTOR_LEN, +>; + +const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; +const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Non-hash arithmetic AIR (Probe T — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; + +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] +struct ArithAir; + +impl BaseAir for ArithAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + ARITH_WIDTH + } +} + +impl Air for ArithAir { + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + let main = builder.main(); + let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); + let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); + let mut t = builder.when_transition(); + for i in 0..8 { + let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); + let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; + t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); + } + for j in 0..4 { + let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); + t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); + } + } +} + +fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { + assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); + let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; + for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { + *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); + } + for r in 1..height { + let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); + let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; + let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; + for i in 0..8 { + let x = prev[i + 1]; + cur[i] = x * x * x; + } + for j in 0..4 { + cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; + } + for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { + *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; + } + } + RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Multi-table enum AIR (Probe T — verbatim). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +#[derive(Clone)] +enum TableAir { + Hash(Arc), + Arith(ArithAir), +} + +impl BaseAir for TableAir { + fn width(&self) -> usize { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), + TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), + } + } +} + +impl> Air for TableAir +where + HashAir: Air, + ArithAir: Air, +{ + fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { + match self { + TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), + TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), + } + } +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { + let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; + let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); + let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); + let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); + let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); + let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); + let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); + let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; + let dft = Dft::default(); + let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); + let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); + (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) +} + +fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { + let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); + VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) +} + +fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.max(2).next_power_of_two() +} + +fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { + n.trailing_zeros() as usize +} + +fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { + if sorted.is_empty() { + return f64::NAN; + } + let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; + sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] +} + +const PROVE_RUNS: usize = 5; +const VERIFY_RUNS: usize = 20; + +#[test] +fn probe_z_verifier() { + let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); + let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); + let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); + let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); + + println!("\n============= Probe Z: prove-vs-verify asymmetry + on-chain sketch ============"); + println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload. NOT a semantic port."); + println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS | HidingFriPcs"); + println!( + " num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2,100q,16-bit PoW)" + ); + println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); + println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); + println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + + // --- Build the representative batched proof (the same shape as Probe T's + // realistic 2^13 anchor). ---------------------------------------------- + let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); + let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); + assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); + + let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; + let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); + let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); + println!( + "circuit: hash {} rows (degree-7) + arith {} rows (2^{}); batched prove_batch", + hash_trace.height(), + arith_trace.height(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + ); + + let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; + let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( + &config, + &airs, + &[ + log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), + ], + ); + let common = &prover_data.common; + let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; + let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; + let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); + + // --- Measure PROVE (warm p50) ------------------------------------------ + let _ = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); // warmup + let mut prove_times = Vec::with_capacity(PROVE_RUNS); + let mut proof: Option> = None; + for _ in 0..PROVE_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + let p = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); + prove_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + proof = Some(p); + } + let proof = proof.unwrap(); + prove_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let prove_p50 = quantile(&prove_times, 0.50); + + // Correctness gate. + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe Z proof must verify"); + + // --- Measure VERIFY (warm p50 over many runs) -------------------------- + // Verify is fast, so we take more samples for a stable p50. + let _ = verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common); // warmup + let mut verify_times = Vec::with_capacity(VERIFY_RUNS); + for _ in 0..VERIFY_RUNS { + let t = Instant::now(); + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("verify must succeed"); + verify_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); + } + verify_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); + let verify_p50 = quantile(&verify_times, 0.50); + let verify_p90 = quantile(&verify_times, 0.90); + let verify_min = verify_times[0]; + + // --- Serialized proof size --------------------------------------------- + let proof_bytes = bincode::serialize(&proof).expect("serialize BatchProof"); + let proof_len = proof_bytes.len(); + + // Round-trip + tampering check (verifier soundness gate). + let proof_rt: BatchProof = + bincode::deserialize(&proof_bytes).expect("deserialize BatchProof"); + verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof_rt, &pvs, common).expect("round-tripped proof must verify"); + + // Corrupt one byte in the middle of the blob; the deserialized proof must + // fail to verify (or fail to deserialize). A verifier that accepts a + // tampered proof is unsound. + let mut tampered = proof_bytes.clone(); + let mid = tampered.len() / 2; + tampered[mid] ^= 0xFF; + let tamper_rejected = match bincode::deserialize::>(&tampered) { + Ok(bad) => verify_batch(&config, &airs, &bad, &pvs, common).is_err(), + Err(_) => true, // failed to deserialize == rejected + }; + + // --- prove / verify ratio ---------------------------------------------- + let ratio = prove_p50 / verify_p50; + + println!("\n========================= Probe Z results ===================================="); + println!("prove warm p50 : {prove_p50:>10.2} ms (batched, both tables)"); + println!( + "verify warm p50 : {verify_p50:>10.2} ms (p90 {verify_p90:.2} / min {verify_min:.2})" + ); + println!("prove / verify : {ratio:>10.1}x (verify is {ratio:.0}x cheaper than prove)"); + println!( + "proof size : {proof_len:>10} bytes ({:.1} KB, bincode of BatchProof)", + proof_len as f64 / 1024.0 + ); + println!("tamper rejected : {tamper_rejected} (1-byte corruption must fail verify)"); + + println!("\n============== on-chain / recursive verifier sketch (HONEST) ================="); + println!("zkCoins does NOT verify proofs on Bitcoin. On-chain = a Schnorr inscription"); + println!("committing the new state root (constant-size sig+commitment, see Doc 2). There is"); + println!("NO in-consensus STARK verifier to cost: on-chain verify cost = N/A by design."); + println!("The verifier runs in TWO places:"); + println!(" (A) NATIVE node-side verify : {verify_p50:.2} ms per transition (measured above)."); + println!(" Cheap leg of the asymmetry; runs once per accepted/relayed transition."); + println!(" (B) IN-CIRCUIT / recursive verify : each recursion layer re-expresses FRI/Merkle/"); + println!(" Poseidon2 checks as constraints and PROVES them -> its cost is the next"); + println!(" layer's PROVING cost (quantified by Probe X + cost-projection I/R), NOT the"); + println!(" native verify here. Takeaway for recursion: every layer pays ~one verify's"); + println!( + " work as constraints AND must re-hash a {:.0} KB proof. Compact proof + cheap", + proof_len as f64 / 1024.0 + ); + println!(" native verify keep per-layer recursion overhead bounded."); + println!("Future light-client / on-chain ambition: a light client downloads the proof"); + println!( + " ({proof_len} B) and runs the verifier ({verify_p50:.2} ms). STARK proofs are LARGE vs a" + ); + println!(" ~200 B Groth16 SNARK, so the cost is BANDWIDTH not verifier-time. Real succinct"); + println!( + " on-chain verification would need a final SNARK-wrap layer (out of scope, flagged)." + ); + println!("==============================================================================\n"); + + // Hard asserts: the verifier is sound on this proof. + assert!( + verify_p50 > 0.0, + "verify must have measured a positive time" + ); + assert!(proof_len > 0, "serialized proof must be non-empty"); + assert!( + tamper_rejected, + "verifier accepted a tampered proof — UNSOUND" + ); + assert!( + ratio > 1.0, + "expected prove to cost more than verify (asymmetry), got ratio {ratio:.2}" + ); + #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] + assert!( + packing_active, + "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" + ); +} From d2247baadeb9c3bb70323bad5606ab4921d94c5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 11:43:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 16/19] chore: remove design/research markdowns from the node repo (#216) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Keep the node repo limited to code, build, and standard project files. The protocol design drafts, the circuit spec, the roadmap, and the program-plonky2 session notes are archived verbatim in zk-coins/research (zkcoins-design/); the roadmap is also published at docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap. - delete root design markdowns: ARKADE_INTEGRATION, BITVM_BRIDGE, BRIDGE_MVP, LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP, MIGRATION_RESEARCH, MULTI_ASSET - delete SPEC.md (circuit/single-asset spec, archived to research) and ROADMAP.md (published at docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap) - delete program-plonky2 session notes (SESSION_STATE, STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN, STEP4_REVIEW, STEP7_PREP) - slim CONTRIBUTING.md (936 -> 279 lines): keep dev setup, coding standards (incl. "No polling — events only" and the M3 Ultra target referenced by CI), and the PR flow; drop roadmap/migration narrative - rewire README, the program-plonky2 crate guide, and two circuit doc-comments to the docs site / research repo (no dangling references) --- ARKADE_INTEGRATION.md | 1114 --------------- BITVM_BRIDGE.md | 1125 --------------- BRIDGE_MVP.md | 1011 ------------- CONTRIBUTING.md | 965 ++----------- LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md | 1216 ---------------- MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md | 1566 --------------------- MULTI_ASSET.md | 1198 ---------------- README.md | 24 +- ROADMAP.md | 530 ------- SPEC.md | 536 ------- program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md | 17 +- program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md | 291 ---- program-plonky2/STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN.md | 215 --- program-plonky2/STEP4_REVIEW.md | 149 -- program-plonky2/STEP7_PREP.md | 251 ---- program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs | 4 +- program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs | 3 +- 17 files changed, 180 insertions(+), 10035 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 ARKADE_INTEGRATION.md delete mode 100644 BITVM_BRIDGE.md delete mode 100644 BRIDGE_MVP.md delete mode 100644 LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md delete mode 100644 MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md delete mode 100644 MULTI_ASSET.md delete mode 100644 ROADMAP.md delete mode 100644 SPEC.md delete mode 100644 program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md delete mode 100644 program-plonky2/STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN.md delete mode 100644 program-plonky2/STEP4_REVIEW.md delete mode 100644 program-plonky2/STEP7_PREP.md diff --git a/ARKADE_INTEGRATION.md b/ARKADE_INTEGRATION.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ab96a50..00000000 --- a/ARKADE_INTEGRATION.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1114 +0,0 @@ -# Arkade × zkCoins Integration — Design Document - -**Status:** Design draft. No code yet. Companion to -[`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md), [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md), -[`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md), -[`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md), and -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md). - -**Authoritative source for:** how Arkade (Ark protocol) and zkCoins -(Shielded CSV protocol) compose; which integration paths are -realistic on which horizons; the canonical Arkade ↔ zkCoins atomic-swap -construction. - -**Audience:** Engineers and architects evaluating cross-protocol -integration with Arkade. Presupposes [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md), the -swap-design pattern in [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md), -the bridge model in [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md), and the -multi-asset extension in [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md). Familiarity -with the Ark litepaper (Argentieri, Avarikioti, Camilleri, Keer, -Maffei — Ark Labs / TU Wien) and the Shielded CSV ePrint 2025/068 -(Nick, Eagen, Linus) is assumed. - ---- - -## 0. Status - -Design draft only. The project today has no Arkade integration — -zkCoins runs as documented in [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md); Arkade runs as -documented at `docs.arkadeos.com`. The two systems coexist on Bitcoin -L1 without interaction. - -[`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) §12.9 names cross-asset trading as -out-of-protocol and points to the BitVM2 bridge -([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)) and the Lightning atomic-swap -layer ([`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md)) as the -"canonical out-of-protocol paths." This document adds the **third** such -path — Ark/Arkade — and analyses where the integration is real -engineering, where it is research, and where it is wiring. - -This is not an implementation spec. It is an architectural map. -Implementation specs for individual integration paths (e.g., the HTLC -atomic swap of §7) live in follow-up documents once a path is locked -in the ROADMAP. - ---- - -## 1. Scope - -This document covers: - -- Protocol-mechanics comparison between Arkade VTXOs and zkCoins - coins (§5). -- Six integration paths, arranged by maturity (§6). -- The canonical HTLC atomic-swap construction between an Arkade VTXO - and a zkCoins shared account, with full protocol steps and - failure-mode analysis (§7). -- Pipeline use — BTC onboarding via Arkade boarding, transacting - inside zkCoins, exit via Arkade settlement (§6.3). -- Bridge convergence — sharing federation infrastructure between the - zkCoins BitVM2 bridge and an Arkade operator (§6.4). -- Confidential VTXOs as open research (§6.5). -- Cross-asset DEX (Arkade Assets ↔ zkCoins Assets) as the first - Bitcoin-native cross-protocol multi-asset swap (§6.6). -- Trust-model stacking analysis (§8). -- Honest 6-month / 2-year / research-only assessment (§9). - -It does **not** cover: - -- Modifications to the zkCoins protocol or circuit. None of the - integration paths in this document require a divergence from - [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §15. -- Modifications to the Ark protocol. The HTLC atomic-swap path uses - Arkade Script primitives that already ship in `arkade-os/compiler`. -- Implementation in any specific code base. Once a path is locked, - its implementation spec is a separate sibling document (mirroring - the relationship of [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) to - [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md)). -- Generic cross-chain bridges (Liquid, RSK, sidechains). Different - trust model, different document. - ---- - -## 2. Executive Summary - -The most realistic short-term Arkade × zkCoins integration is a -**trustless HTLC atomic swap** between an Arkade VTXO and a zkCoins -2-of-2 shared account. The construction is a direct adaptation of -the Shielded CSV §A.1.2 atomic-swap pattern (also the basis of -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md)) with the -Bitcoin/Lightning side replaced by an Arkade VTXO carrying an -HTLC script-path. Arkade's compiler ships HTLC as a built-in primitive. -Both halves of the construction exist today; what is missing is -wiring. - -Three structural facts shape every other path in this document: - -1. **Arkade is a Bitcoin-script L2.** A VTXO *is* a presigned - Bitcoin output with a Taproot lock; only the broadcasting - is deferred (Ark §4 Definition 4.1). Any Bitcoin-script - construction — HTLC, escrow, DLC, payment channel — composes - onto a VTXO with the single constraint that timelocks must - fit inside the batch expiry `T_e` (Ark §6). -2. **Shielded CSV is not L2 in the same sense.** A zkCoins coin - has no script, no on-chain UTXO, no spending condition beyond - `coin.recipient == self.owner` (Shielded CSV §4.2; - `program/src/lib.rs::apply_coin`). The chain stores only - 64-byte aggregate nullifiers as an availability bulletin - board. Atomicity cannot live on the coin layer — this is - load-bearing for the protocol's "64 bytes per tx" property - and locked at [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §5. -3. **The two protocols share an institutional orbit but no - documented unified roadmap.** Robin Linus, Liam Eagen, Jonas - Nick (Shielded CSV authors) and Zeta Avarikioti, Matteo Maffei - (Ark co-authors) overlap on adjacent work — BitVM, Glock, Argo — - but neither paper mentions the other. Integration is implicit - in the personnel, not declared in the literature. Frame - accordingly in §9. - -The combined stack inherits the union of both protocols' trust -assumptions. Today: Arkade rational-operator + zkCoins federation -(Phase 1). 2026-2028 horizon: Arkade multi-operator + zkCoins BitVM2 -bridge (Phase 2). Neither protocol's headline trust-minimisation is -production yet; the combined stack is bottlenecked on whichever -reaches its Phase 2 last. - ---- - -## 3. Decisions (locked) - -The decisions below are fixed for this design document. Reversing -any of them is a design-level rethink, not a tweak. - -| # | Decision | Consequence | -| - | -------- | ----------- | -| **A1** | **First integration target is the HTLC atomic swap** (§6.2, §7). Hash-Time-Locked Contract preimage swap between an Arkade VTXO and a zkCoins 2-of-2 shared account. | This is the smallest construction that demonstrably uses both protocols for what they are good at, requires no new cryptography, and inherits independent trust assumptions in each leg. Pipeline use (§6.3) is a wallet-side convenience on top; it does not need its own primitive. | -| **A2** | **No protocol changes to zkCoins or Arkade for A1.** The atomic-swap construction uses primitives both papers already specify: Shielded CSV §5.1 (shared accounts), §A.1.1 (time-locked nullifiers), §A.1.2 (atomic swap); Arkade Script HTLC template (`arkade-os/compiler`, `docs.arkadeos.com/learn/smart-contracts/hash-time-locked-contract`). | No 12th divergence to track in [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §15. No deviation from the Ark whitepaper. The integration adds wiring, not protocol changes. | -| **A3** | **Arkade operator and zkCoins federation remain independent trust domains.** A user holding a VTXO trusts the Arkade operator's rationality (Ark §5 Table 1). A user holding a zkCoins coin pegged to BTC trusts the zkCoins bridge (Phase 1 federation or Phase 2 BitVM2 setup). The two assumptions do not collapse into one; an atomic-swap counterparty may simultaneously occupy both roles, but the trust analyses stay separate. | Operating both an Arkade `arkd` instance and a zkCoins bridge node in the same datacentre is permitted; the security argument tracks each role independently. §8 is the canonical reference for which assumption applies where. | -| **A4** | **No confidential-VTXO work in the integration roadmap.** Bringing ZK privacy to Arkade VTXOs (§6.5) is genuine open research — Pedersen commitments + range proofs + redesigned forfeit mechanism + a PCD-style ZK validity proof per Arkade batch. Estimated 1–2 year paper-stage work; no existing protocol or implementation. | This document records confidential VTXOs as a research direction worth tracking but explicitly out-of-scope for any near-term zkCoins effort. If Arkade ships such a feature upstream, this section becomes a re-evaluation gate. | -| **A5** | **Pipeline use (§6.3) is layered on top of A1, not a separate primitive.** "BTC → Arkade → zkCoins → Arkade → BTC" decomposes into: Arkade boarding (Ark §4.5), an HTLC swap into zkCoins (A1), zkCoins-internal transfers, an HTLC swap back out, Arkade exit. Each step is independently specified and the pipeline composes them. | No new design work for the pipeline as long as A1 lands. The wallet-side UX of routing a user through the pipeline is `zk-coins/app` work, not a node-side primitive. | -| **A6** | **Cross-asset DEX (§6.6) is a v2 follow-up to A1.** A swap between an Arkade Asset (Arkade Labs' native-asset proposal) and a zkCoins asset is structurally identical to A1 with two field substitutions on each side. It does not require new crypto, but it does require the zkCoins multi-asset shared-account semantics from [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) to be live, and Arkade Assets to be in production beyond beta. | Tracked as a v2 milestone; not in the initial A1 implementation scope. The first integration ships before chasing this. | - -These mirror the lockedness pattern of [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) §2 -(decisions M1–M6) and [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) §3 (Bridge -locked technical decisions). Each is testable to the extent the -integration is built; today most are documentation-level decisions -that fix the design space. - ---- - -## 4. Glossary additions - -Extends [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) § Glossary and -[`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) § Glossary additions. - -| Term | Expansion | Meaning | -| ---- | --------- | ------- | -| **VTXO** | Virtual UTXO | Ark's atomic ownership unit: a presigned Bitcoin tx output `(value, vtxoLockScript)` held off-chain by a VTXO holder, encumbered by a Taproot script with at least one collaborative path (`checkSig(pkO ⊕ pkA)`, user + operator MuSig2) and one unilateral exit path (`checkSig(pkA) ∧ relTimelock(t_v)`). Ark §4 Definition 4.1. | -| **Arkade operator** | — | The coordinating party in an Ark instance. Provides liquidity (its own BTC funds commitments), batches user activity into `commitment_tx`, cosigns Ark transactions and VTXT virtual transactions. Single operator per Arkade instance today (Ark §7). | -| **`commitment_tx`** | Commitment transaction | The single on-chain Bitcoin tx per Arkade batch that anchors a `batch` Taproot output (sweep path after `T_e`, unroll path enforcing the VTXT) and a `connector` Taproot output for the chain of anchor outputs used by forfeit transactions. Ark §4.4, Definition 4.9. | -| **`forfeit_tx`** | Forfeit transaction | Ark batch-swap atomicity primitive: user-signed transaction with SIGHASH_ALL over `(old_vtxo, connector_anchor_ε)`, valid only if the `commitment_tx` containing the connector confirms. Lets the operator claim the old VTXO if the user double-spends. Ark §4.3, Transaction 4. | -| **Batch expiry `T_e`** | — | Ark batch expiration time. After `T_e` the operator may sweep the batch output. Every script-level construction inside a VTXO (HTLC, escrow, DLC, channel) must use timelocks strictly shorter than `T_e` for the cooperative spending path to remain usable. Ark §6 caveat. | -| **Arkade Script** | — | High-level language ([`arkade-os/compiler`](https://github.com/arkade-os/compiler)) compiling to an extended Bitcoin Script targeting Arkade VM. Supports `checkSig`, `checkMultiSig`, `sha256` preimage check, CLTV / CSV, transaction introspection, and automatic generation of cooperative + unilateral exit script paths. Ships HTLC, Escrow, Spilman channel, Dryja-Poon channel, Lightning channel/swap templates. | -| **Arkade Asset** | — | Arkade Labs' native-asset proposal for issuing non-BTC tokens on Bitcoin via Ark batching. Encoded as TLV in `OP_RETURN` (`OP_RETURN <0x00> `); asset identifier is `(genesis_txid, group_index)`; transferred through VTXOs with operator awareness. Arkade Labs blog: *Native Assets on Bitcoin: Introducing Arkade Assets* (Oct 2025). | -| **Confidential VTXO** | — | Hypothetical Arkade extension in which the operator cosigns commitments to amounts and recipients rather than plaintext, with a ZK proof of batch correctness. Open research as of 2026-05; no published proposal. See §6.5. | -| **A1 – A6** | — | Locked design decisions for the Arkade integration (this document, §3). Mirrors the M1–M6 / D1–D11 numbering scheme of [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) and [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md). | - ---- - -## 5. Protocol-mechanics comparison - -The two protocols solve adjacent problems with structurally different -primitives. This section is the side-by-side reference used throughout -the rest of the document. - -### 5.1 Atomic unit - -| Aspect | Ark / Arkade | Shielded CSV / zkCoins | -| ------ | ------------ | ---------------------- | -| Unit | **VTXO** — `(value, vtxoLockScript)` (Ark §4 Definition 4.1). Mechanically a real Bitcoin output, Taproot-locked, key path unspendable, at least one collaborative + one unilateral exit script path. | **Coin** — `(CoinEssence{address, amount, idx}, tx_hash, nullifier_location, accumulator_value)` (Shielded CSV §4.2). No script, no UTXO, no on-chain output. | -| Where it lives | Off-chain. Realisable on-chain via the unilateral exit script path. | Entirely off-chain. Chain stores only nullifiers (Schnorr half-aggregate, ~64 bytes/tx). | -| Spending condition | Arbitrary Bitcoin Script via the Taproot script paths. Today's MuSig2 cosigning emulates a covenant (Ark §3.2). | None. `apply_coin`'s `coin.recipient == self.owner` is the only check ([`program/src/lib.rs:154`](./program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs)). | -| Privacy from external observer | Operator-visible by construction (Ark §2.2). Amounts and recipients exposed to the operator and to anyone who sees the VTXT. | Hidden from everyone except sender and recipient (Shielded CSV §1.1, "Privacy"). PCD proof is zero-knowledge; only `(nullifier_pubkey, signature)` on-chain. | - -### 5.2 On-chain artifacts - -Per Arkade batch (Ark §4.4, Definition 4.9): - -- **`commitment_tx`** — one Bitcoin tx. Inputs: operator funds + any - boarding txs. Outputs: `batch` (Taproot — sweep after `T_e`, unroll - enforcing the VTXT), `connector` (Taproot enforcing the anchor-output - chain), optional outputs for users leaving the Ark. -- **`forfeit_tx`** (off-chain unless needed) — signed by user with - SIGHASH_ALL over `(old_vtxo, connector_anchor_ε)`; valid only if the - `commitment_tx` confirms. -- **Cadence** — operator-controlled. Whitepaper does not fix a number; - current Arkade deployments use sub-second preconfirmations with - periodic anchoring (typically minutes-to-hours). - -Per zkCoins transaction (Shielded CSV §4.2): - -- **One aggregate nullifier**: `(nullifier_pubkeys[], NISSHAC - half-aggregate signature, publisher_address)`. With Schnorr - half-aggregation, ~64 bytes per transaction regardless of input - count (Shielded CSV §1.1, Table 1). -- **MVP implementation** wraps this in a Taproot inscription with - txid prefix `4242` carrying a `Commitment` payload over - `H(asth ‖ ocr)` ([`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §11). The paper specifies - raw nullifiers; the wrapping is a deliberate divergence - ([`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §15). - -| Artifact | Arkade | Shielded CSV | -| -------- | ------ | ------------ | -| Per-batch on-chain footprint | 1 `commitment_tx` (constant in #VTXOs in the optimistic case) | n × 64-byte aggregate nullifiers (one per transaction; publisher batches multiple senders' nullifiers into one inscription) | -| Settlement cadence | Operator-controlled batch interval | Per transaction; bounded by aggregator's publication cadence | -| Worst-case exit | `O(log t)` virtual txs for unilateral exit from a VTXT of `t` leaves (Ark §2.3, §4.1) | N/A — no exit, no per-coin on-chain footprint | -| Bitcoin TPS ceiling | Bounded by `commitment_tx` size and frequency | ~100 TPS at current Bitcoin block-size limit (Shielded CSV §1.1) | - -### 5.3 Roles and trust - -| Role | Arkade operator | zkCoins publisher | zkCoins bridge | -| ---- | --------------- | ----------------- | -------------- | -| What they do | Liquidity provision, batching, MuSig2 cosigning per VTXO holder (Ark §2.2) | Collects nullifiers, half-aggregates, posts the aggregate as a Taproot inscription, claims fees (Shielded CSV §1.1, "Trustless Publishing"). **Permissionless** — anyone can be a publisher. | Custodies BTC against zkCoins-side credits. Phase 1: M-of-N federation multisig ([`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md)). Phase 2: 1-of-N honesty BitVM2 setup ([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)). | -| Centralisation | Single operator today (Ark §7, "Centralisation of Ark Operator" — explicitly named as a future-work axis) | None — anyone with a Bitcoin wallet can publish | Phase 1: M-of-N trusted. Phase 2: 1-of-N honesty at setup ceremony. | -| Liveness assumption | Operator online ⇒ batch swaps and collaborative exits work. Operator offline ⇒ unilateral exit only. | Publisher offline ⇒ another publisher can take the same nullifier. No single point of failure. | Bridge stalls if no operator is willing to front a payout; the user keeps their zkCoins balance. | -| Custody | **Never.** VTXOs are user + operator MuSig2; unilateral exit always available (Ark §2.3). | **Never.** Publisher sees nullifier data only, never plaintext coin data. | **Yes** in Phase 1 (federation holds BTC). **No** in Phase 2 (vault in N-of-N MuSig with pre-signed paths). | - -**Critical security property of Arkade:** Ark §5 Table 1 names six -properties under "rational" vs. "malicious" operator. Under a -*malicious* operator the protocol still satisfies onramp liveness -(NL) and offramp liveness (FL); violations of safety properties (NS, -AS, FS) "come only at the cost of the operator, not of users -following the protocol." A malicious Arkade operator cannot steal -user funds; they can only burn their own funds while users still -exit. - -**Critical security property of Shielded CSV:** §1.1 ("Permissionless") -— "the protocol does not rely on any trusted party for transaction -execution. All necessary data is directly written to, and retrieved -from, the blockchain." Censorship resistance reduces to Bitcoin's own -censorship resistance. The single trust assumption is the bridging -component, not the protocol. - -### 5.4 The fundamental asymmetry - -The point worth repeating: **Arkade is a Bitcoin-script L2** in the -strong sense — VTXOs *are* Bitcoin outputs with locking scripts, just -not yet broadcast. **Shielded CSV is not L2 in the same sense** — -coins have no script and no on-chain footprint; the chain is a notary -for ordering and uniqueness, nothing more. - -Every integration in §6 is shaped by this asymmetry. The Arkade side -can carry arbitrary Bitcoin Script (HTLC, DLC, channels), and the -zkCoins side cannot. Atomicity always lives on the Arkade VTXO or on -the Bitcoin funding tx of the zkCoins inscription — -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §5 derives -this for Lightning; the same logic applies here. - ---- - -## 6. Integration paths - -Six paths, layered by maturity. Layer 0 is "today, no work." Layer 1 -is "this design doc's headline target — 6-12 months engineering." -Layer 2 splits into three independent research directions of varying -maturity. - -### 6.1 Layer 0 — independent systems - -A user holds an Arkade wallet pointing at some Arkade instance and a -zkCoins wallet pointing at a zkCoins node. The wallets do not -interoperate. The user manually converts between BTC and zkCoins via -the bridge ([`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) or -[`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)) and between BTC and Arkade VTXOs -via boarding/exit (Ark §4.5). - -**Cost:** zero engineering. Two wallets, manual juggling, two distinct -BTC custody contexts. - -**When it makes sense:** today, for power users who want both privacy -(zkCoins) and shared-UTXO economics (Arkade) without integration risk. - -**When it stops being enough:** as soon as a single user flow ("private -payment from a long-term BTC store") needs both protocols. The user -should not have to choose; the system should compose them. - -### 6.2 Layer 1 — HTLC atomic swap (the realistic short-term target) - -Direct preimage-based atomic swap between an Arkade VTXO carrying an -HTLC encumbrance and a zkCoins 2-of-2 shared account. This is decision -A1; it is detailed end-to-end in §7. - -**Why this is realistic in 6-12 months:** - -- Shielded CSV §A.1.2 already specifies the exact PTLC + 2-of-2 - shared-account construction for Shielded CSV ↔ Bitcoin atomic - swaps. The construction is documented, not novel. -- Arkade's compiler ships HTLC as a built-in primitive - (`arkade-os/compiler` README; `docs.arkadeos.com/learn/smart-contracts/hash-time-locked-contract`). - Hash-locked outputs on a VTXO are a one-template instantiation. -- Replacing "Bitcoin PTLC" in the Shielded CSV recipe with "Arkade - VTXO with HTLC script-path" is mechanically straightforward. -- Same engineering surface as [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md); - the lessons there apply with minimal adaptation. - -**What it ships:** a user who holds Arkade BTC can atomically convert -to zkCoins, and vice versa, without either side trusting the other to -honour the swap. The swap counterparty (a swap provider running both -an Arkade wallet and a zkCoins shared account) faces the same -incentive structure as a Boltz operator. - -**Failure modes** are exactly the failure modes in §7.5 — bounded by -the `htlc_timeout < T_e` constraint (every script construction on a -VTXO inherits batch expiry per Ark §6) and by the standard HTLC -timing-coordination story. - -Three variants of the atomic swap, in order of preference: - -1. **Direct two-leg HTLC swap (recommended).** Section 7 below. -2. **Federation-mediated swap.** A zkCoins federation node runs an - Arkade-watching service and credits zkCoins on observing specific - Arkade events. Strictly weaker than variant 1 (introduces - federation trust) without adding capability. Skip in v1. -3. **Lightning hop.** Arkade ↔ Lightning ↔ zkCoins via two HTLC - rounds. Arkade ships Lightning swap support - ([`blog.arklabs.xyz` — *Closing the Lightning loop*](https://blog.arklabs.xyz/closing-the-lightning-loop-bitcoins-missing-layer-secretly-goes-live/)); - zkCoins has its own LN design in - [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md). - Stacking them works but adds a hop. Useful if liquidity is on the - other side of the LN graph; otherwise variant 1 is one round - simpler. - -### 6.3 Pipeline use — BTC ↔ Arkade ↔ zkCoins ↔ Arkade ↔ BTC - -Composes Layer 1 with Arkade boarding and exit to give a full -end-to-end user flow: - -``` -User holds BTC on-chain. -↓ boarding_tx (Ark §4.5): Taproot(F, checkSig(pkO⊕pkA), checkSig(pkA)∧relTimelock(t_b)) -User holds a VTXO inside Arkade. -↓ Layer 1 HTLC atomic swap (§7): VTXO encumbered by HTLC, zkCoins-side 2-of-2 shared account -User holds shielded coins inside zkCoins. -... user transacts privately at scale inside zkCoins (per-tx ~64 bytes on-chain) ... -↓ Layer 1 HTLC atomic swap reversed: zkCoins burn → fresh Arkade VTXO -User holds a fresh Arkade VTXO. -↓ Arkade unilateral or collaborative exit (Ark §4.5, "Leaving the Ark") -User holds BTC on-chain. -``` - -**Why this is the killer combination:** - -- **Cheap onboarding.** Arkade's `boarding_tx` is a shared - Taproot output. The on-chain cost of one user's onboarding is - amortised across a batch. -- **Cheap per-tx scaling.** Inside zkCoins, every transaction - amortises to ~64 bytes on-chain regardless of value or input - count. -- **Cheap settlement.** Arkade's `commitment_tx` is one Bitcoin - tx per batch, and an exit (collaborative) is one transaction. - Pessimistic exit is `O(log t)` virtual txs. - -Neither protocol alone achieves both cheap onboarding and cheap -per-tx scaling. The combined pipeline does. This is the strongest -narrative motivation for the integration; A1 is the protocol step -that unlocks it. - -**On-chain footprint per pipeline traversal** (steady-state, ignoring -the initial boarding): - -| Step | Bitcoin txs | Notes | -| ---- | ----------- | ----- | -| Boarding (once) | 1 (`boarding_tx`) | Shared, amortised | -| Arkade Ark transaction | 0 | Lives inside Arkade until next `commitment_tx` | -| Arkade `commitment_tx` (periodic) | 1 per batch, amortised across all batch members | — | -| HTLC swap to zkCoins | 0 (uses existing Arkade primitives) + 1 zkCoins nullifier inscription (~64 bytes) | The HTLC sits inside the VTXO; the swap reveals the preimage but does not add an on-chain artifact beyond what zkCoins already publishes | -| zkCoins-internal transaction | ~64 bytes nullifier (per-tx, batched by publisher) | — | -| HTLC swap back to Arkade | 1 zkCoins nullifier (burn) + Arkade VTXO transfer (0 additional) | — | -| Arkade exit (collaborative) | 1 collaborative exit tx via `commitment_tx` add-output (Ark §4.5) | — | -| Arkade exit (unilateral) | `O(log t)` virtual txs | Only if operator stalls | - -**Trust assumptions per step:** - -- Onboarding / Arkade transfers / Arkade exit: Arkade rational - operator + 1-of-n MuSig honesty (Ark §5 Table 1). -- HTLC swaps in either direction: standard HTLC trust model - (no custody handoff possible without preimage reveal), bounded by - `T_e` on the Arkade side and the publisher's nullifier-publication - cadence on the zkCoins side. -- zkCoins-internal transfers: per [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) — node-side - compute correctness + Schnorr signature security. - -§8 has the full trust-stacking analysis. - -### 6.4 Layer 2a — Ark-aware BitVM bridge (1-2 years) - -**[SPEC]** Speculative architectural sketch. Not in any roadmap as of -2026-05. - -zkCoins Phase 2 ([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)) uses BitVM2 + -Groth16 verification to prove "this operator's payout tx is included -in a finalized Bitcoin chain" and authorise zkCoins-side mints from a -Bitcoin Light Client gadget. Mechanically, the same federation -infrastructure can also operate an Arkade instance: - -- The same N-of-N MuSig2 vault key construction works for any - custody role. -- The same Bitcoin Light Client gadget that verifies "BTC is locked - in vault" can equally verify "the Arkade `commitment_tx` confirmed - with batch β." -- An Arkade operator's liquidity-provision role overlaps with the - BitVM2 operator's "front BTC, get reimbursed later" role. - -The integration insight: peg-in becomes an Arkade boarding (cheap, -amortised) instead of a direct BTC tx. Peg-out frontruns an Arkade -VTXO transfer; user can unilateral-exit if the operator stalls. The -bridge's on-chain footprint reduces; the trust model does not change. - -**Security model overlap.** Ark's rational-operator assumption gives -onramp safety (NS), Ark safety (AS), offramp safety (FS) without users -losing funds even under malice (Ark §5 Table 1). BitVM2's 1-of-N -setup honesty gives "no operator coalition can spend the vault -outside pre-signed paths" ([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) §3.2). -These are **independent** assumptions — Ark's holds for Ark, BitVM2's -holds for the peg. A federation that fails one role does not -compromise the other unless the same key material is at risk. - -**Realistic horizon:** 1-2 years, gated on (a) BitVM2 production -maturity and Glock/Argo cost reductions making it economical at scale, -(b) Arkade multi-operator support reducing the operator-side -centralisation risk, (c) demand exceeding what a Layer 1 + Layer 2 -bridge can serve. None of these are in zkCoins' control; this is a -"keep an eye on" path, not a sprint candidate. - -### 6.5 Layer 2b — Confidential VTXOs (research, 1-2+ years) - -**Open research, not engineering.** [SPEC]-grade content. - -Arkade VTXOs are operator-visible by construction. The operator sees -plaintext amounts and recipient pubkeys to construct the VTXT, cosign -batches, and manage liquidity. End-to-end-encrypted communication -channels protect against passive observers but not the operator. - -The question this section explores: could the operator be reduced to -cosigning *commitments* to amounts and recipients, with a ZK proof of -batch correctness? - -A confidential-VTXO scheme would need: - -1. **Pedersen commitments (or equivalent) on VTXO amounts.** Mature - crypto; standard. -2. **Range proofs per VTXO.** Bulletproofs ~700 bytes/VTXO, or - SNARK-compressed via the same PCD/Plonky2 stack zkCoins already - uses (Shielded CSV §6.3). -3. **A ZK proof of correctness of the operator's signed batch.** - "Sum of input commitments = sum of output commitments + fee" and - "each output commitment is well-formed". The operator signs a - circuit proof, not plaintext. Mathematically, this is exactly the - PCD compliance predicate Shielded CSV uses for coins, lifted to - batches. -4. **A redesigned forfeit mechanism.** The operator must be able to - claim on double-spend without knowing the amount. This needs - either a deterministic binding (commit-to-spend) or a separate - amount-revelation in the forfeit-claim path. Genuinely new - cryptography; no existing template. - -**SP1 as the proving stack** would be the natural choice (zkCoins' -predecessor used SP1, locked at v4.1.2 per institutional memory; -current zkCoins uses Plonky2 per -[`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 5). A zkCoins-style -PCD layer over Arkade's batching is mathematically sensible — PCD is -the right abstraction for "validity proof composes over a DAG-shaped -state machine," which is exactly what Ark's VTXT is. - -**Realistic assessment:** - -- Without a Bitcoin soft fork (no Confidential Assets opcode, no - Mimblewimble in Bitcoin Script) the privacy is *off-chain in Ark* - but the on-chain `commitment_tx` still exposes the batch's input - totals. -- The forfeit-mechanism redesign is paper-worthy new cryptography. -- 1-2 year research project. The Shielded CSV authors sit in - exactly the right ecosystem to attack this; no public proposal as - of 2026-05. - -**This section is descriptive, not prescriptive.** zkCoins does not -take responsibility for confidential VTXOs; if Arkade or an external -research group ships them, the design space in §7 and §6.6 changes -favourably. We track the direction; we do not invest in it. - -### 6.6 Layer 2c — Cross-asset DEX (12+ months, engineering not research) - -Arkade Labs has launched **Arkade Assets** -([blog.arklabs.xyz — *Native Assets on Bitcoin: Introducing Arkade -Assets*](https://blog.arklabs.xyz/native-assets-on-bitcoin-introducing-arkade-assets/), -Oct 2025): TLV-encoded native assets in `OP_RETURN`, asset identifier -`(genesis_txid, group_index)`, transferred through VTXOs with operator -awareness. zkCoins is becoming permissionless multi-asset via -[`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) — anyone mints a token, identifier -is a Poseidon digest of genesis pre-image, transferred privately. - -A swap between Arkade Asset X and zkCoins Asset Y is structurally -**A1 with two field substitutions**: - -- The Arkade side encumbers an Arkade Asset (not bare BTC) with an - HTLC. The Arkade compiler supports asset-flow validation - (transaction introspection), so the HTLC enforces "send `v` units - of `asset_id_A` to receiver on preimage reveal." -- The zkCoins side uses a 2-of-2 shared account holding `asset_id_B`. - Multi-asset shared-account machinery works unchanged from the - single-asset case ([`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) §4.4 — every - state transition is single-asset, but shared accounts can hold any - asset). - -**Why this is novel** as a Bitcoin-native primitive: - -- First publicly-described BTC-L1-only cross-asset swap involving a - privacy-preserving asset (zkCoins-asset, hidden amount + sender + - recipient) and an operator-visible asset (Arkade Asset). -- Composable: any Arkade Asset, any zkCoins asset. The matching - engine sits off-protocol. -- A natural first cross-protocol DEX primitive for the - "Bitcoin-native trustless DeFi" thesis. - -**Honest framing.** This is **engineering, not research.** The crypto -already exists, the templates exist; what is missing is wiring + -a matching engine. Realistic in ~12 months of focused work after A1 -ships and [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) reaches steady state. -Tracked as decision A6. - ---- - -## 7. Detailed Flow: HTLC Atomic Swap (Arkade BTC ↔ zkCoins) - -This section is the implementation-grade specification of decision A1. -It mirrors the structure of -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §8: detailed -flow, failure modes, trust argument. - -### 7.1 Parties and pre-conditions - -- **User (Alice):** Arkade wallet pointing at some Arkade instance, - zkCoins wallet pointing at a zkCoins node, an existing zkCoins - account. -- **Counterparty (Bob, "swap provider"):** Arkade wallet with VTXO - inventory, zkCoins node with sufficient inventory in some operator - account. May be the same operator that runs the Arkade instance and - the zkCoins node, or a third party; the protocol does not require - it. -- **Pre-agreed parameters:** swap amount `A`, provider fee `F`, the - on-Arkade HTLC timeout `T_htlc`, the zkCoins-side recovery timeout - `T_recovery` with `T_htlc < T_recovery`, both strictly less than the - Arkade batch expiry `T_e`. - -### 7.2 The asymmetry to resolve - -Section 5.4 framed it; this section operationalises it. - -An Arkade VTXO can encode an arbitrary Bitcoin Script — it is a -Taproot output with at minimum a cooperative path -(`checkSig(pkO ⊕ pkA)`), a unilateral exit path -(`checkSig(pkA) ∧ relTimelock(t_v)`), and any number of additional -script paths. The Arkade compiler ships an HTLC template natively -(`arkade-os/compiler` README): - -```text -contract HTLC(pubkey sender, pubkey receiver, bytes hash, int refundTime) { - function claim(signature receiverSig, bytes preimage) { - require(checkSig(receiverSig, receiver)); - require(sha256(preimage) == hash); - } -} -``` - -The HTLC compiles into a Taproot script-path. The VTXO retains its -operator + user collaborative path (so the operator can sign Alice's -spend cooperatively if she reveals the preimage in-protocol) and its -unilateral exit path (so Alice can take it on-chain if the operator -stalls). - -A zkCoins coin **cannot** encode any spending condition. There is no -`script` field on `Coin`; the recipient check is hard-coded -([`program/src/lib.rs::apply_coin`](./program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs)). -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §5.1–5.3 -derives why this is load-bearing for the protocol; the conclusion -ports here unchanged. - -### 7.3 Where atomicity lives - -Per Shielded CSV §A.1.2 and [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) -§5.4, atomicity for a zkCoins side participant must come from either: - -1. **A 2-of-2 shared zkCoins account** with a pre-signed time-locked - recovery to the original owner. Shielded CSV §5.1 (Shared Accounts) - + §A.1.1 (Time-locked Transactions) provide the primitives. -2. **The Bitcoin funding transaction of the zkCoins inscription** - carrying a script lock. - -For Arkade ↔ zkCoins, **option 1 is the canonical choice**: it -mirrors the construction Shielded CSV §A.1.2 uses for Shielded-CSV ↔ -Bitcoin/L2 atomic swaps, and it does not couple atomicity to the -publisher's inscription mechanics (which would force coordination -between the swap counterparty and the publisher). - -Option 2 is preferred for Lightning swaps in -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §6 because the -on-chain side there is bare Bitcoin without any other lever. For -Arkade swaps the Arkade VTXO is itself the script-bearing side; the -zkCoins side does not need to carry the HTLC. - -### 7.4 Protocol steps - -**Direction A — Alice has zkCoins, wants Arkade BTC. Bob has Arkade -BTC, wants zkCoins.** Alice generates the preimage. - -``` -Step 1. Alice generates preimage x ←$ {0,1}^256, computes H = SHA256(x). - Alice sends to Bob: - - H - - alice_arkade_recipient_pubkey (for the VTXO claim) - - amount A - - alice_zkcoins_account_pubkey (for the 2-of-2 shared account) - -Step 2. Alice and Bob set up the 2-of-2 zkCoins shared account: - - Construct MuSig2 aggregate pubkey pkA⊕pkB - - Alice prepares recovery_tx (zkCoins nullifier publication - that returns the shared account's balance to Alice after - block height h_recovery = current + T_recovery) - - Alice signs her half of recovery_tx, sends to Bob - - Bob signs his half (MuSig2 partial), aggregates - - Alice now holds a valid recovery_tx she can publish after - T_recovery - -Step 3. Alice publishes the funding nullifier: - - zkCoins transaction Alice → 2-of-2(pkA⊕pkB), amount A - - Publisher batches the nullifier; coins land in the shared - account on next inscription - -Step 4. Bob constructs an Arkade VTXO with an HTLC encumbrance: - - contract HTLC(sender=Bob, receiver=Alice, hash=H, - refundTime=current + T_htlc) - - Cooperative-path: pkO⊕pkB (Bob can cooperate with operator - to refund after T_htlc, or to honour an - early settle) - - Unilateral-path: pkB ∧ relTimelock(t_v) (standard Arkade - exit) - - HTLC script-path (per Arkade Script template above) is the - new addition - - Bob boards the VTXO collaboratively with the Arkade operator - -Step 5. Alice verifies the VTXO: - - VTXO is in Arkade, value = A - - HTLC script-path matches: H, refundTime, alice's pubkey as receiver - - T_htlc < T_recovery (so Bob cannot refund the Arkade side - after Alice has lost the recovery option) - - T_htlc < T_e (so the cooperative-path stays live; if T_htlc - ≥ T_e the operator's sweep fires first and the - HTLC is moot) - - If any check fails, Alice aborts. Alice's funds are in the - 2-of-2 shared account; recovery_tx returns them after - T_recovery. No loss to Alice. - -Step 6. Alice claims the Arkade VTXO by revealing x: - Option (a) — cooperative claim: - - Alice asks the operator to cosign an Arkade transaction - spending the VTXO via the HTLC script-path: input witness - includes - - Operator validates the script-path satisfaction (sha256(x) - == H), cosigns - - New VTXO with Alice's pubkey as cooperative-path key - - Option (b) — unilateral claim (if operator stalls): - - Alice publishes the unilateral chain of Ark transactions - (O(log t) txs from the batch root to her VTXO leaf) - - Then publishes a Bitcoin tx spending her leaf VTXO via - the HTLC script-path - - Either way, x is now public — on the Arkade transcript (option - a, visible to the operator and any party watching Arkade) or - on-chain (option b). - -Step 7. Bob learns x. Bob uses x to take control of the 2-of-2 zkCoins - shared account before T_recovery: - - Bob constructs a zkCoins transaction that nullifies the - shared account's balance to Bob's own zkCoins account - - Requires MuSig2 signature with both pkA and pkB; Bob - already has both pkA's contribution because the - shared-account setup pre-shared signing material with the - preimage-bound condition (this mirrors Shielded CSV §A.1.2's - "Bob learns x, uses it as one factor in the MuSig2 - cooperative signature path") - -Step 8. Bob's transaction publishes the nullifier. Shared account - empty. Swap complete. -``` - -**Symmetric flow** for direction B (Bob has zkCoins, wants Arkade -BTC) inverts roles — Bob generates the preimage. The construction is -otherwise identical. - -### 7.5 Failure modes - -| Failure | Who has what | Recovery | -| ------- | ------------ | -------- | -| Alice aborts at Step 5 | Alice has shielded coins in 2-of-2 shared account; Bob has a VTXO encumbered by HTLC | Alice waits `T_recovery` and publishes `recovery_tx`. Bob's VTXO refunds via Arkade HTLC `refundTime`. Both made whole; small fees lost. | -| Bob never boards the HTLC-encumbered VTXO (Step 4) | Alice has funds in shared account, Bob has nothing | Same as above: Alice's `recovery_tx` after `T_recovery`. Bob has nothing to refund. | -| Operator refuses cooperative claim at Step 6(a) | Alice cannot get cooperative settlement | Alice falls back to unilateral claim (Step 6(b)), `O(log t)` virtual txs published on-chain. Preimage `x` becomes public. Bob still proceeds to Step 7. Higher cost to Alice. | -| Alice never claims the VTXO (Step 6 not executed) | Bob has VTXO locked in HTLC; Alice has shielded coins | Bob waits `T_htlc`, refunds the VTXO via Arkade HTLC `refundTime` path (cooperative with operator). Alice waits `T_recovery > T_htlc`, recovers shielded coins via `recovery_tx`. Both whole. | -| Bob never executes Step 7 (refuses to claim shared account after seeing `x`) | Alice has Arkade BTC, Bob has nothing on the zkCoins side; shared account still holds A | Alice's `recovery_tx` after `T_recovery` returns shielded coins to Alice. **Net: Alice has both A worth of Arkade BTC and A worth of shielded coins** — Bob's loss. Asymmetric incentive: Bob has no reason to do this. Documented as provider-side discipline. | -| Bob claims shared account via Step 7 but Alice never sent the VTXO claim | Cannot happen — Step 7 requires `x`, which only becomes public after Step 6 | — | -| Arkade operator goes offline between Step 4 and Step 6 | Same as "Operator refuses cooperative claim" — Alice unilateral-exits | Same recovery. | -| `commitment_tx` carrying the HTLC-VTXO does not confirm before `T_e` | The Arkade batch expires; operator sweeps; HTLC is moot | This is the canonical `htlc_timeout < T_e` constraint from Ark §6. Step 5 verifies it. If misconfigured, Alice's preimage-reveal becomes useless because there's nothing left to claim; she falls back to her zkCoins recovery_tx. | -| Both parties' refund txs race for the same block | Standard fee-management concern | Pre-sign with sufficient fee bumping; not a trust issue. | - -### 7.6 Trust assumptions - -At no point does either party transfer custody of an asset to the -other party where the other party can withhold reciprocation: - -- Alice's funds in the 2-of-2 shared account are recoverable via - `recovery_tx` after `T_recovery` — Bob cannot block this. -- Bob's VTXO encumbered by HTLC is recoverable via `refundTime` - after `T_htlc` (cooperative with operator, or unilateral exit) — - Alice cannot block this. -- `T_htlc < T_recovery` ensures Bob's refund window closes before - Alice's recovery window opens, so the swap is timing-safe: if Alice - claims, Bob has time to learn `x` and execute Step 7 before - `T_recovery`; if Bob refunds, Alice has not yet given up her recovery. - -**The trust assumptions are independent in each leg.** Alice trusts -the Arkade operator's rationality for the cooperative-claim path -(falls back to unilateral exit if violated). Alice trusts the zkCoins -publisher's liveness for the inscription publication (falls back to a -different publisher; any party can publish). Alice trusts neither Bob -nor the operator with custody — preimage-bound timeouts enforce -correctness. - -### 7.7 Latency and costs - -**Latency (happy path, cooperative claim):** - -- Step 1–2 (shared-account setup): one round of MuSig2 messages - (sub-second over the wire). -- Step 3 (funding nullifier): one Schnorr-signed inscription, - bounded by zkCoins publisher cadence + Bitcoin confirmation depth - needed for the swap timing model (typically 1–6 confirmations). -- Step 4 (VTXO with HTLC): one Arkade boarding round, bounded by - Arkade operator's batch cadence. -- Step 6(a) (cooperative claim): one Arkade transaction, sub-second - preconfirmation. -- Step 7 (shared-account claim): one zkCoins inscription, bounded by - publisher cadence. - -**Total wall-clock for happy path:** dominated by zkCoins inscription -confirmation. Per [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) -§14 the conservative envelope is on the order of an hour for -end-to-end Bitcoin-confirmation safety; pre-D7 the same envelope -applies here. - -**Costs (per swap):** - -- Arkade side: one VTXO worth of liquidity locked for `T_htlc`; - Arkade transaction fees (typically negligible inside Arkade). -- zkCoins side: two inscriptions (funding + claim), each ~64 bytes - amortised plus the publisher's overhead. -- Counterparty fee `F`: market-set, comparable to Boltz fees. - -**Pessimistic path** (unilateral exit, dispute) costs an extra -`O(log t)` virtual transactions on the Arkade side. This is the -standard Ark exit cost (Ark §2.3) and is borne by whoever invokes the -unilateral path. - ---- - -## 8. Trust-model stacking - -The combined stack inherits the union of both protocols' trust -assumptions. Understanding what depends on what is the key to -reasoning about real-world security. - -### 8.1 Independent assumptions - -| Component | Assumption | Effect of violation | -| --------- | ---------- | ------------------- | -| Arkade operator (rational) | Operator follows protocol | Operator loses their own funds, not users'; users still exit (Ark §5 Table 1) | -| Arkade operator (malicious) | Operator deviates | NL, FL still hold; NS, AS, FS violations cost the operator, not users | -| Arkade MuSig2 covenant emulation | 1-of-n VTXO holders + operator follow signing protocol | VTXT well-formed (Ark §3.2, §4 Remark 4.5) | -| zkCoins node-side compute | Node runs the published Plonky2 circuit honestly | Per [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 1 + invariant 2; closed test environment today, in-circuit verification long-term | -| zkCoins Schnorr signatures | BIP-340 / secp256k1 secure | Standard Bitcoin cryptographic assumption | -| zkCoins publisher liveness | Some publisher willing to inscribe | Permissionless — alternative publishers can take the nullifier | -| zkCoins bridge Phase 1 (federation) | M-of-N federation honesty ([`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md)) | M+ colluders can steal BTC reserves; zkCoins-side internal transfers unaffected | -| zkCoins bridge Phase 2 (BitVM2) | 1-of-N setup honesty ([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)) | If all N are malicious at setup, vault parameters can be compromised; once setup completes, peg-out paths are public and trustless | -| Bitcoin L1 | Bitcoin's PoW + censorship resistance | Catastrophic for both protocols; outside the design space | - -### 8.2 Composition for §7's HTLC swap - -The HTLC atomic swap of §7 requires: - -- Arkade rational operator (so cooperative claim works; unilateral - fallback if violated). -- Bitcoin L1 (for confirmation of the inscriptions and any unilateral - Arkade exit). -- zkCoins node-side compute (so the publisher accepts and processes - the nullifier). -- BIP-340 Schnorr security (for both sides' signatures). - -It does **not** require: - -- A zkCoins bridge to be running. The swap is BTC-pegged on the - Arkade side and uses zkCoins-internal coins on the other side; the - bridge only matters if one party wants to convert between zkCoins - shielded coins and real BTC outside the swap. - -### 8.3 Composition for §6.3's pipeline - -The pipeline composes: - -- Arkade onboarding → Arkade rational operator + Bitcoin L1 -- §7 HTLC swap into zkCoins → as in §8.2 -- zkCoins-internal transfers → zkCoins node-side compute + Schnorr -- §7 HTLC swap out of zkCoins → as in §8.2 -- Arkade exit → Arkade rational operator (cooperative) or pure Bitcoin - L1 (unilateral) - -Each step's failure mode is independent; nothing chains a failure -into a worse failure downstream. The pipeline is no less secure than -its weakest leg. - -### 8.4 Composition for §6.4's Ark-aware BitVM bridge - -If the same federation operates the BitVM2 bridge and an Arkade -instance, both assumptions still apply independently: - -- Federation as Arkade operator: rational-operator assumption (Ark - §5). -- Federation as BitVM2 bridge: 1-of-N setup honesty ([`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) - §3.2). - -A federation that defects on its Arkade role (steals from itself, since -Ark §5 says the operator can only harm itself under malice) does not -compromise its BitVM2 role unless the same key material is involved. -The design discipline is to keep the key material separate. With -discipline, the trust assumptions do not collapse. - ---- - -## 9. Personnel and ecosystem signal - -The author overlap between the two protocol families is real and -load-bearing for the "designed to interlock" hypothesis. Worth -naming explicitly so the implication is not over-claimed. - -**Shielded CSV (ePrint 2025/068):** Jonas Nick (Blockstream), Liam -Eagen (Alpen Labs), Robin Linus (ZeroSync; BitVM creator). - -**BitVM / BitVM2:** Robin Linus (lead), Lukas Aumayr, Zeta Avarikioti, -Matteo Maffei, Andrea Pelosi, Christos Stefo, Alexei Zamyatin (cited -as ref [1] in Ark whitepaper itself). - -**Ark whitepaper:** Marco Argentieri, Zeta Avarikioti, Andrew -Camilleri, Pim Keer, Matteo Maffei (Ark Labs + TU Wien). **Zeta -Avarikioti and Matteo Maffei co-author both the BitVM eprint and the -Ark litepaper.** TU Wien is the institutional connector. - -**Glock (Jan 2026):** Robin Linus + Liam Eagen + others (Alpen Labs). -~430× cost reduction over BitVM2. - -**Argo (Jan 2026):** Robin Linus, Liam Eagen, Ying Tong Lai. ~2000× -cost reduction over BitVM3. - -**Translation.** The same ~5 people — Linus, Eagen, Nick, Avarikioti, -Maffei — are simultaneously authoring the BitVM bridge tech (which -zkCoins Phase 2 depends on), the Shielded CSV protocol (which zkCoins -implements), the Ark batching layer (which Arkade implements), and the -next-generation bridge tech (Glock, Argo) that obsoletes BitVM2 in -1-2 years. They are deliberately building an interlocking stack. - -**Public statements explicitly combining Arkade and zkCoins**: none -found as of 2026-05. - -- Robin Linus' widely-cited quote — *"Shielded CSV is the most - interesting thing you can do with BitVM"* — signals the bridge-via-BitVM - intent that [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) is built on. It - does not mention Ark. -- Ark whitepaper §6 lists "escrows, DLCs, payment channels" as Ark - applications. It does not mention Shielded CSV. -- Shielded CSV paper does not mention Ark. -- Both papers cite each other's adjacent ecosystem work (Lightning, - BitVM) but not each other. - -**The signal is institutional, not textual.** The same labs and people -are shipping both stacks within ~1–2 years of each other; the -integration is implicit in the personnel and the layered protocol -design, not declared in the literature. Frame accordingly: a high -prior that integration tooling will emerge from the same ecosystem, -**not** a documented unified roadmap to cite. - ---- - -## 10. Open Questions - -### 10.1 PTLC vs. HTLC for the swap (§7) - -§7 uses HTLC (SHA256 preimage). PTLC (point time-locked contract, -Schnorr adaptor signature) would give better on-chain privacy by -making the swap claim indistinguishable from a single-sig spend. - -- **Choice in doc:** HTLC. Production-ready toolchain, Arkade compiler - ships it, identical trustlessness, identical timing logic. -- **Alternative:** PTLC. Better privacy on the Arkade side; requires - adaptor-signature support in the Arkade compiler (an SDK feature, - not a Bitcoin Script change). -- **Trade-off:** PTLC reduces the on-chain analysability of swap - claims but does not change the security argument. Mirror of the - HTLC-vs-PTLC discussion in [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) - §7.3. PTLC is a v2 upgrade once Arkade's compiler ships adaptor - signatures; not a v1 dependency. - -### 10.2 Timing parameter selection (`T_htlc`, `T_recovery`, `T_e`) - -§7.1 prescribes `T_htlc < T_recovery < T_e`. Concrete values are -deployment-dependent. - -- **Choice in doc:** the inequalities are protocol-required; the - numeric values are operational. -- **Trade-offs:** longer windows give users more time to act before - refund/recovery fires (good UX, more fee-bump headroom); shorter - windows reduce capital-lockup costs for swap counterparties (better - liquidity efficiency). Arkade's `T_e` is operator-set (Ark §4.4); - the swap design must adapt to whatever the chosen Arkade instance - uses. Recommended starting points: `T_e` = 1 week (typical Arkade - operator default), `T_recovery` = 24 hours, `T_htlc` = 12 hours. - Operators should publish their chosen values and update wallets - via capabilities flag. - -### 10.3 Counterparty discovery / matching engine - -§7 assumes Alice and Bob found each other. In practice, swap -counterparties need a matching engine. - -- **Choice in doc:** out of scope for this design doc. Treat as a - separate piece of infrastructure (analogous to Boltz' role for - submarine swaps). -- **Trade-off:** centralised matching engines (a website that lists - liquidity providers) are operationally trivial but introduce a - liveness dependency. Decentralised matching (DHT-based or LN-routing-style) - is research. For v1, centralised matching is the obvious choice. - -### 10.4 Cooperative vs. unilateral default at Step 6 - -§7.4 Step 6 distinguishes (a) cooperative Arkade claim via the -operator and (b) unilateral on-chain claim. Cooperative is sub-second -and cheap; unilateral is slow and costs `O(log t)` virtual txs. - -- **Choice in doc:** wallet defaults to cooperative, falls back to - unilateral on operator timeout. -- **Trade-off:** the cooperative path leaks the preimage to the - Arkade operator (operator sees the script-path satisfaction during - cosigning); the unilateral path leaks it on-chain to any observer. - Either way the preimage becomes public, which is what enables Step 7 - — there is no privacy-preserving variant short of PTLC. - -### 10.5 Pipeline `recovery_tx` lifecycle - -In §6.3's pipeline, the user has a `recovery_tx` pre-signed for each -HTLC swap into and out of zkCoins. These accumulate as the user moves -between systems. - -- **Open:** wallet-side hygiene. Should the wallet auto-execute - `recovery_tx` when it observes the corresponding swap completed - successfully on the other side? Auto-nullify the recovery to free - the shared account? -- **Recommendation:** track as `zk-coins/app` wallet UX issue once - A1 lands; not a node-side concern. - -### 10.6 Multi-asset semantics in A1 (vs. A6) - -A1 explicitly scopes to BTC-pegged swaps. A6 generalises to Arkade -Asset ↔ zkCoins Asset. - -- **Open:** is there a clean upgrade path from A1 to A6, or does the - multi-asset variant want different swap mechanics? -- **Speculation:** the §7 construction generalises straightforwardly - if both sides agree on the asset_id mapping out-of-band. The - matching engine (§10.3) becomes the natural place to declare - "Arkade Asset X ↔ zkCoins Asset Y" pairs. Confirm during A6 design. - -### 10.7 D7 reorg safety dependency - -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) §15 names -D7 reorg safety as a zkCoins-side blocker that lengthens swap -wall-clock time. The same dependency applies to the §7 HTLC swap. - -- **Choice in doc:** until D7 lands, the swap design adds Bitcoin - confirmation-depth requirements before either party considers an - inscription settled. Tracked as a cross-document dependency; not a - blocker for the integration design. - ---- - -## 11. Implementation Order - -Phased rollout, mapped to discrete milestones. Effort estimates per -the convention in [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) §12.1 (S = small, -M = medium, L = large, XL = extra large). All phases assume A1 has -been locked in this document and a separate implementation spec has -been opened. - -| Phase | Scope | Effort | Risk | -| ----- | ----- | ------ | ---- | -| **P0 — Approval of this design** | Maintainer locks A1–A6; this document moves from "draft" to "approved". | **S** | None | -| **P1 — Implementation spec for §7 HTLC swap** | New sibling doc `ARKADE_HTLC_SWAP.md` (or extension to this document) specifying: zkCoins wire-protocol for shared-account funding, Arkade compiler HTLC parameterisation, swap-counterparty API, recovery-tx persistence model, wallet UX. Mirror of the relationship between [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) and [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md). | **M** | Low | -| **P2 — zkCoins shared-account primitive** | Implement 2-of-2 MuSig2 shared accounts in `zk-coins/node` (a prerequisite that does not exist today; [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §3 single-account-per-pubkey model needs extension). Shielded CSV §5.1 has the protocol-level construction. Persistence, recovery-tx pre-signing, capabilities-flag gating. | **L** | Medium — touches account-state model | -| **P3 — Arkade swap-counterparty service** | Off-protocol service (likely a separate small Rust crate) that runs as a liquidity provider: monitors Arkade for HTLC-encumbered VTXOs matching swap requests, drives the §7 protocol, signs MuSig2 partials, executes claims. Could be merged into `arkd` upstream or live as a separate binary. | **L** | Medium — coordination across two systems | -| **P4 — Wallet integration** | `zk-coins/app` wallet learns the swap UX: pick direction, see liquidity, monitor swap status, auto-execute recovery if needed. Mirror of pattern for [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) wallet integration. | **L** | Medium — UX-heavy | -| **P5 — End-to-end test suite** | Mutinynet + Arkade testnet integration tests, single-counterparty happy path + all failure modes from §7.5. Coverage gate per [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 4. | **M** | Low | -| **P6 — Pipeline orchestration (§6.3)** | Wallet-side multi-step flow combining Arkade boarding + swap-in + swap-out + Arkade exit. UX work, no new protocol. | **M** | Low | -| **P7 — A6 multi-asset variant** | Generalise the §7 construction to Arkade Asset ↔ zkCoins Asset. Depends on [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) reaching steady state and Arkade Assets being beyond beta. | **L** | Medium — combinatorial test surface | -| **P8 — A5 BitVM bridge convergence (optional)** | Design + implementation of the Ark-aware BitVM bridge sketched in §6.4. Depends on Phase 2 BitVM bridge being live and Arkade multi-operator support. | **XL** | High — multi-protocol surgery | - -**Aggregate effort for P1–P6 (the A1 implementation path): S + M + L -+ L + L + M + M ≈ 4-6 person-months at focused effort.** P7 and P8 -are explicitly post-A1 and gated on external dependencies. - -Per [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 4, every phase -ships with 100% test coverage on the activated surface. Negative -tests — every failure-mode row in §7.5 must be reproducible in -integration tests — are mandatory. - ---- - -## 12. Non-Goals (Restated) - -So nobody scope-creeps: - -- **Modifying the Arkade protocol** — not in scope. The integration - uses Arkade as it ships. -- **Modifying the Shielded CSV protocol or zkCoins circuit** — not - in scope (decision A2). No 12th divergence in [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) - §15. -- **Confidential VTXOs** — not in scope (decision A4). Research - direction tracked; no zkCoins-side investment. -- **Building a decentralised swap-counterparty matching engine** — - not in scope (§10.3). Centralised matching is fine for v1. -- **PTLC-based swap variant** — not in v1 (§10.1). HTLC ships first; - PTLC is an upgrade. -- **Federation operating both Arkade and BitVM2 bridge** — not in - scope as an A1 deliverable (decision A5 + §6.4). Tracked as a - potential 1-2 year roadmap item, depends on Arkade multi-operator - maturity. -- **Generic cross-chain swaps** (Liquid, RSK, sidechains) — out of - scope. Different trust model, different document. - ---- - -## 13. References - -**Papers:** - -- Argentieri, Avarikioti, Camilleri, Keer, Maffei. *Ark: A UTXO-based - Transaction Batching Protocol.* Ark Labs & TU Wien, 2024. - Local: `research/upstream/` or - [`assets.arklabs.xyz/ark-protocol.pdf`](https://assets.arklabs.xyz/ark-protocol.pdf). - Cited sections: §2 (overview), §3.2 (covenants), §4 (Ark - construction; Definition 4.1 VTXO, Definition 4.9 commitment - transaction), §4.3 (batch swaps, forfeit transactions), §4.4 - (commitment transactions), §4.5 (boarding and leaving), §5 - (security; Table 1), §6 (applications and HTLC/DLC/channel caveat), - §7 (discussion: centralisation, preconfirmation, liquidity). -- Nick, Eagen, Linus. *Shielded CSV: Private and Efficient Client-Side - Validation.* ePrint 2025/068. - Local: `research/shieldedcsv-paper.pdf`. - Cited sections: §1.1 (privacy, blockchain efficiency, trustless - publishing), §4.2 (CoinEssence, accumulator value), §5.1 (shared - accounts), §6 (discussion), §A.1.1 (time-locked transactions), - §A.1.2 (atomic swap with Bitcoin/L2), §A.1.3 (multi-asset). - -**Sibling design docs (this branch):** - -- [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) — single-asset zkCoins protocol specification -- [`MULTI_ASSET.md`](./MULTI_ASSET.md) — permissionless multi-asset - extension (decision M5 defers cross-asset trading; this document is - one of the three out-of-protocol DEX layers) -- [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) — Phase 1 federation bridge -- [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) — Phase 2 BitVM2 trustless - bridge -- [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) — Lightning - atomic-swap layer (closest structural sibling to this document) -- [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) — Plonky2 migration - rationale; §5 (locked decisions) and §7 (lessons learned) supply the - decision-recipe pattern used in §3 here -- [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) — project invariants, - pre-push checklist - -**External references:** - -- Arkade Labs blog — [*Press Start — Arkade Goes Live*](https://blog.arklabs.xyz/press-start-arkade-goes-live/) -- Arkade Labs blog — [*Native Assets on Bitcoin: Introducing Arkade - Assets*](https://blog.arklabs.xyz/native-assets-on-bitcoin-introducing-arkade-assets/) -- Arkade Labs blog — [*Closing the Lightning Loop*](https://blog.arklabs.xyz/closing-the-lightning-loop-bitcoins-missing-layer-secretly-goes-live/) -- Arkade docs — `docs.arkadeos.com` (HTLC template, Escrow, Spilman - channel, Dryja-Poon channel, Lightning swaps, Arkade Script) -- Arkade compiler — [arkade-os/compiler](https://github.com/arkade-os/compiler) -- Arkade daemon — [arkade-os/arkd](https://github.com/arkade-os/arkd) -- BitVM bridge whitepaper — [bitvm.org/bitvm_bridge.pdf](https://bitvm.org/bitvm_bridge.pdf) -- Shielded CSV publishing site — [shieldedcsv.org](https://shieldedcsv.org) - ---- - -## 14. Change Log - -| Date | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| 2026-05-23 | Initial draft. Locked decisions A1–A6; HTLC atomic-swap protocol of §7; pipeline use of §6.3; trust-model stacking of §8. | diff --git a/BITVM_BRIDGE.md b/BITVM_BRIDGE.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1cc2288..00000000 --- a/BITVM_BRIDGE.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1125 +0,0 @@ -# BitVM Bridge — Trustless Mint/Burn for zkCoins - -**Status:** Design draft. No code yet. Companion to `SPEC.md` -(specifically D11), `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, `ROADMAP.md`, and -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md). - -**Authoritative source for:** how zkCoins removes the operator-controlled -mint (D11) by binding mint operations to provable BTC custody on Bitcoin -L1 via a BitVM2-style bridge. - -**Audience:** Engineers and stakeholders evaluating zkCoins's path from -MVP-with-trusted-issuer to mainnet-with-cryptographic-issuance. - -> **Branch note.** This document presupposes the Plonky2 migration -> currently on `feat/plonky2-migration` (PR #17). `SPEC.md`, -> `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, and `ROADMAP.md` live on that branch and -> will resolve on `develop` only after PR #17 lands. Until then, view -> cross-references against `feat/plonky2-migration`. - ---- - -## 1. Scope - -This document specifies what it would take to make zkCoins coin issuance -**trustless** by replacing the hard-coded `MINTING_ADDRESS` with a -BitVM2-bridge-anchored mint mechanism. Concretely: - -- The exact trust model of BitVM2 bridges as deployed by Citrea - (Clementine) and others as of 2026-05 -- How a BitVM2 bridge would integrate with the zkCoins state-transition - circuit -- What new circuit branch (`IssuanceProof` per Shielded CSV paper) needs - to exist -- The federation setup, trusted setup ceremony, and operational burden -- The peg-in (BTC → zkCoin) and peg-out (zkCoin → BTC) flows -- Trust assumptions in plain terms (where 1-of-N suffices, where N-of-N - is required, where the user trusts no one) -- Open issues, cost estimates, and what it does *not* solve - -It does **not** cover: - -- BitVM1 (superseded by BitVM2 for bridges) -- BitVM3 (research-stage, not production-ready as of 2026-05) -- Non-bridge BitVM use cases (general computation) -- Lightning swap layer — that lives in `LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md` - ---- - -## 2. The Problem Restated - -### 2.1 D11 today - -Per `program/src/lib.rs:70-73` and `program/src/main.rs:78-83`, the -`InitialProof` branch of the state-transition circuit contains: - -```rust -ProofType::InitialProof => { - if account_state.owner != MINTING_ADDRESS { - assert_eq!(account_state.balance, 0, "Starting balance has to be 0.") - } - DEFAULT_HASHES[0] -} -``` - -Anyone holding the private key to the public key whose hash is -`MINTING_ADDRESS` can produce an `InitialProof` with arbitrary starting -balance — effectively unlimited mint authority. There is no on-chain -binding, no cap, no audit constraint. - -In the closed-test environment (`feedback_zkcoins_closed_test_env`) and -under the MVP-publisher self-issuance model (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` -§5.6) this is acceptable. It is **not** acceptable for any mainnet -launch that claims trust-minimised properties over the issued asset. - -### 2.2 What "trustless mint" means here - -The user of a zkCoin must be able to verify, without trusting any -single party, that **the total supply of zkCoins outstanding does not -exceed the BTC locked in publicly verifiable on-chain custody**. - -Equivalently: every coin in circulation must trace its provenance back -to a BTC peg-in on Bitcoin L1, and the protocol must prevent -inflationary mints. - -### 2.3 What BitVM2 provides - -BitVM2 (specifically the Clementine bridge architecture as deployed by -Citrea) provides exactly this binding: a Bitcoin-L1-anchored mechanism -where: - -- BTC enters the bridge via deposit into an N-of-N MuSig Taproot vault -- A side-system mint is authorised only when a Bitcoin Light Client - proof shows the deposit is final -- Withdrawals back to Bitcoin require fronting by operators and are - optimistically verified, with on-chain disproof via Groth16 SNARK - verification baked into Bitcoin script - -Trust model: **1-of-N honesty per role**. As long as one signer deletes -their key honestly at setup, one operator advances payouts honestly, -and one challenger watches for fraud, the bridge holds. - ---- - -## 3. BitVM2 / Clementine — Architecture in Detail - -This section is a precise read of the Citrea Clementine implementation -as of 2026-05. References at the end. - -> **2026 context** (added 2026-05-17): BitVM2 is currently the only -> trustless-bridge construction with a live mainnet deployment (Citrea -> launched 2026-01-27). Three credible successors have emerged in -> 2025–2026 — BitVM3-RSA (withdrawn after security flaw), Glock by -> Alpen Labs (research/testnet-stage), and Mosaic by Eagen et al. -> (research-stage, full Rust implementation). All three use garbled -> circuits + cut-and-choose + adaptor signatures to push BitVM2's -> on-chain Assert footprint down by 100–1000×. See §12 for a survey -> of these alternatives and what it means for zkCoins's bridge choice. -> The fundamentals of §3 (peg-in/peg-out flow, roles, 1-of-N honesty -> assumption) remain identical across all BitVM-family bridges; the -> innovations target the fraud-proof step specifically. - -### 3.1 Roles - -| Role | Function | Quorum | -| ---- | -------- | ------ | -| **User** | Initiates peg-in (locks BTC) or peg-out (burns side-chain asset) | — | -| **Signers** | Pre-sign every spending path of every UTXO in the bridge graph at setup. Must delete keys after presigning. | N-of-N MuSig (all participate) | -| **Operators** | Front BTC payouts to peg-out users from their own funds; later reimbursed from the vault | 1-of-N — any operator can serve any payout | -| **Watchtowers** | Monitor Bitcoin chain and bridge state; publish header-chain proofs during disputes | 1-of-N | -| **Challengers** | Permissionless — anyone can detect and challenge fraudulent operator claims | Permissionless | - -Hierarchy: every Signer is also an Operator and Watchtower; Challengers -can be anyone (no membership required). - -### 3.2 Setup ceremony — N-of-N MuSig - -Once per bridge deployment, the N signers must: - -1. Generate fresh Schnorr keypairs -2. Aggregate to a MuSig2 vault key -3. Construct the **entire transaction graph** of allowed spending - paths: peg-in `MovetoVault`, peg-out `Payout`, `KickOff`, - `Challenge`, `Assert`, `Disprove`, `Take1`, `Take2`, `Burn`, - timeout refunds -4. Pre-sign all of these with the N-of-N MuSig -5. **Delete the per-signer private keys** - -The deletion step is the security crux. As long as **at least one -signer actually deletes**, no future coalition can spend the vault -outside the pre-signed paths. This is the **"1-of-N honesty" -assumption**. - -### 3.3 Groth16 verifier on Bitcoin - -For fraud-proof verification, BitVM2 implements a **Groth16 verifier in -Bitcoin script**, split into sub-programs each small enough to fit in -a Bitcoin block. When an operator's claim is challenged, the operator -must commit to intermediate computation states on-chain. A challenger -who detects a wrong intermediate state executes the corresponding -sub-program on-chain to disprove the operator's claim. - -This requires: - -- A **trusted setup ceremony** for the Groth16 SRS. Citrea ran theirs - with 63 contributors from RiscZero, StarkWare, Aztec, Celestia, - Babylon, Nansen, etc. — `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`-grade table. -- The proven statement: the operator's payout transaction is included - in a finalized Bitcoin chain with accumulated work greater than the - watchtower's submitted header chain. - -### 3.4 Peg-in flow (BTC → bridged asset) - -``` -Step 1. User deposit: User sends BTC to a Taproot address with two - leaves: - - Bridge leaf: spendable by the N-of-N MuSig signature, - with witness binding to the user's side-chain receiving - address - - Refund leaf: spendable by user after 200 blocks (CSV) - -Step 2. Vault transfer: Signers cooperatively spend the deposit into - the operational vault UTXO using the pre-signed MovetoVault - transaction. The pre-signature binds the spend to exactly - the right operational vault path — no signer can divert. - -Step 3. Confirmation wait: Vault transfer needs 6+ Bitcoin confirms. - -Step 4. Mint authorization: The side-chain (zkCoins in our case) - reads the Bitcoin Light Client proof and confirms the - MovetoVault tx is in the finalized chain. The mint amount - equals the deposit amount minus fees, credited to the user's - side-chain address. -``` - -The refund path protects the user against bridge stalls — if the -signers fail to advance the deposit within 200 blocks, the user -recovers via the refund leaf. - -### 3.5 Peg-out flow (bridged asset → BTC) - -``` -Step 1. Burn: User invokes the side-chain's burn function. On Citrea - this is `safeWithdraw` on a contract; for zkCoins it would be - a coin-send to a designated BURN_ADDRESS or — paper-aligned — - a dedicated BurnProof predicate branch (§6.3). - -Step 2. Payout request: User submits a Payout transaction template - signed with SIGHASH_SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY, identifying their - BTC receiving address and amount. - -Step 3a. Optimistic path: If all N Signers are online and cooperative, - they collectively sign the Payout, releasing BTC from the - vault directly to the user. ~12 hours typical wait for signer - convening. - -Step 3b. Operator-fronted path: If signers don't convene in 12 hours, - an Operator funds the user out of their own wallet by adding - their own input to the Payout template and broadcasting. - User gets BTC immediately. - -Step 4. Operator reimbursement (only path 3b): - - Operator posts KickOff tx claiming reimbursement from - the vault, citing the peg-out they fronted - - Challenge window opens (1.5 days) - - Watchtowers + permissionless challengers can verify the - KickOff against the actual chain - - If no valid challenge: Operator posts NoChallenge tx - after timelock, retrieves reimbursement from vault - - If valid challenge: BitVM2 Groth16 verifier runs on-chain; - operator must produce ZK Light Client Proof showing their - committed chain has greater cumulative work AND includes - the legitimate payout - - Honest operator wins; malicious operator's entire bond is - slashed and they're ejected from the set - -Step 5. The same Payout template cannot be used twice — anti-replay. -``` - -### 3.6 Key timeouts and security parameters - -| Parameter | Value | Why | -| --------- | ----- | --- | -| Peg-in refund timeout | 200 Bitcoin blocks (~33 hours) | User recovers funds if bridge stalls | -| Optimistic payout convening window | 12 hours | Signer assembly time before operator-fronted path activates | -| Challenge window | 1.5 days (~216 blocks) | Permissionless dispute initiation | -| Security analysis horizon | 2 weeks | Maximum reorg attempt window | -| Hash rate adversary cap | < 45% | Below which the chain proof remains correct | - -### 3.7 Trust assumptions in plain terms - -A user holding bridged BTC trusts that: - -- **At least one of N signers deleted their keys** at setup (after - pre-signing). With Citrea's federation of ~20 members from - competing organisations, the probability of zero honest deletions - is extremely low but non-zero — this is the residual trust. -- **At least one operator** is willing to advance peg-outs (else - liveness — funds are not stolen but become inaccessible until any - operator returns). -- **At least one watchtower or challenger** is monitoring (else - fraudulent operator claims can succeed unchallenged). -- **Bitcoin's < 45% adversary assumption** holds for the 2-week - challenge horizon (standard Bitcoin assumption). - -These are weaker assumptions than any federated bridge (Liquid, RSK) -and stronger than any client-side-verifying chain (which has no bridge -at all). - ---- - -## 4. What Changes in zkCoins - -### 4.1 Circuit changes (`program/`, `program-plonky2/`) - -A new `ProofType` variant, paper-aligned with the Shielded CSV -`issuance(IssuanceProof)` branch: - -```rust -pub enum ProofType { - InitialProof, - AccountUpdateProof, - IssuanceProof, // NEW - BurnProof, // NEW — counterpart for peg-out -} -``` - -The `IssuanceProof` branch replaces the current `MINTING_ADDRESS` -bypass. Instead of trusting `owner == MINTING_ADDRESS`, the circuit -verifies a **Bitcoin Light Client Proof (LCP)** witnessing that: - -- A specific peg-in UTXO (identified by txid and vout) has been - confirmed at depth ≥ 6 in the Bitcoin chain -- The peg-in UTXO's amount equals the issuance amount -- The peg-in UTXO has not been used as the basis of any prior - `IssuanceProof` (uniqueness — tracked in a new - `peg_in_consumed_smt`) -- The peg-in UTXO's witness data binds to the recipient zkCoins - address (so only the intended recipient can mint against that - deposit) - -The `BurnProof` branch handles the peg-out side: - -- A coin is "consumed" by producing a `BurnProof` against it -- The proof emits a public output containing - `(burn_amount, btc_recipient, withdrawal_nonce)` that the bridge - operator picks up to construct the Bitcoin Payout transaction -- The burned coin's identifier is added to a `burned_coins_smt` so - it cannot be double-burned - -### 4.2 New state structures (`node/src/state.rs`) - -Three additions to the global state: - -```rust -struct State { - // ... existing fields (smt, mmr, prev_mmr_root, root_indices) - - // NEW: peg-ins that have been consumed by an IssuanceProof - peg_in_consumed_smt: SparseMerkleTree, - - // NEW: coins that have been burned (peg-out initiated) - burned_coins_smt: SparseMerkleTree, - - // NEW: pending peg-outs waiting for operator fronting - pending_payouts: Map, -} -``` - -### 4.3 New off-circuit responsibilities - -The scanner gains: - -- Watching the bridge vault UTXO and any deposits to it -- Maintaining a local Bitcoin Light Client (header chain + cumulative - work) — likely implemented via SP1's `bitcoin-spv` precompile or an - equivalent in Plonky2 -- Detecting peg-out completion (operator broadcasts Payout tx), - marking pending payouts as completed - -### 4.4 Federation participation - -This is the heaviest organisational change. zkCoins becomes a **member -of a BitVM2 federation**, which requires: - -- Coordinating with N-1 other federation members at setup -- Participating in the trusted setup ceremony for the Groth16 verifier -- Continuously running a signer node, operator node, watchtower node -- Maintaining operator collateral (BTC bond) - -Realistically, zkCoins cannot operate a single-member "federation" of -size 1 and call itself trustless. The minimum credible size is ~5–7 -members from independent organisations. Citrea uses ~20. - -### 4.5 What does NOT change - -- The zkCoins coin model itself (`Coin { identifier, recipient, - amount }`) — D11 fix does not require D2 fix -- The Schnorr/SHA256 boundary at the wallet (BIP-340 still off-circuit) -- The SMT/MMR scanner architecture for normal sends -- The Lightning atomic swap design — `LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md` - remains correct, and a swap liquidity provider becomes anyone - with bridge deposit/withdraw capability instead of relying on a - single sole minter - ---- - -## 5. Detailed Flow A: Peg-In (BTC → zkCoin) - -### 5.1 Pre-conditions - -- User has BTC on Bitcoin L1 -- User has a zkCoins account (knows their `recipient = H(initial_pubkey)`) -- Bridge federation is operational, vault UTXO exists, all - pre-signatures in place - -### 5.2 Protocol steps - -``` -Step 1. User constructs a deposit tx with a Taproot output containing - two leaves: - - Bridge leaf: vault_musig_pubkey, with witness commitment - to user's zkcoins recipient address - - Refund leaf: user_pubkey + 200-block CSV - User broadcasts. - -Step 2. Bridge federation observes the deposit. Signers cooperatively - spend it into the operational vault UTXO using the pre-signed - MovetoVault transaction (the pre-signature is parameterised - on the user's zkcoins address, embedded in the deposit's - witness commitment). - -Step 3. MovetoVault tx confirms (≥6 confirms). At this point the - peg-in is finalized on Bitcoin. - -Step 4. User (or their wallet, or any helper service) generates a - Bitcoin Light Client Proof showing MovetoVault is in the - canonical chain at depth ≥ 6. - -Step 5. User submits to a zkCoins node an IssuanceProof request: - - Their account state (initial, balance = 0) - - The Bitcoin LCP for MovetoVault - - The peg-in UTXO outpoint - - The non-inclusion proof against peg_in_consumed_smt - -Step 6. zkCoins node (or the user's own prover, in a more - decentralised future) generates the IssuanceProof: - - Verifies the Bitcoin LCP - - Verifies the deposit amount equals the requested mint - - Verifies the witness commitment binds the deposit to - this account - - Verifies non-inclusion in peg_in_consumed_smt and inserts - - Emits ProofData with the user's new account state - (balance = deposit_amount − bridge_fee) and the standard - commitment_history / coin_history fields - -Step 7. User signs the Schnorr commitment H(asth ‖ ocr) (same as any - send). User or their operator publishes the inscription. - Scanner picks up, state updates. - -Step 8. User now has zkCoins backed by the locked BTC. Total supply - increased by exactly the deposit amount. -``` - -### 5.3 Refund path - -If Step 2 doesn't happen within 200 blocks (e.g., federation offline -or unwilling to process this deposit), the user spends the deposit -back to themselves via the refund leaf. No interaction with zkCoins -needed. - -### 5.4 Failure modes - -| Failure | Recovery | -| ------- | -------- | -| Federation refuses to MovetoVault | Refund leaf after 200 blocks | -| Vault sweeps multiple deposits without proper mint authorisation | Pre-signing prevents this (vault can only spend via pre-signed paths) | -| User's LCP is forged or stale | Circuit re-verifies LCP from headers; forgery requires breaking PoW | -| Bitcoin reorg removes MovetoVault | LCP becomes invalid; user retries after deeper confirmation | -| zkCoins node malicious — refuses to generate IssuanceProof | User goes to another zkCoins node (node-side compute is replicable; any party with the protocol can mint). This requires multiple zkCoins nodes to exist; currently single-node. | - -### 5.5 The "user pays an operator to mint" alternative - -The above puts proof generation on the user side (or their chosen -zkCoins node). A simpler MVP variant: the federation includes -zkCoins-node operators who automatically generate the IssuanceProof -when they see a confirmed MovetoVault. This is more centralised but -operationally simpler. Trade-off documented as open question §10. - ---- - -## 6. Detailed Flow B: Peg-Out (zkCoin → BTC) - -### 6.1 Pre-conditions - -- User has zkCoins they wish to redeem for BTC -- Vault has sufficient BTC inventory to fund the payout -- At least one operator is online and has sufficient liquid BTC to - front the payout - -### 6.2 Protocol steps - -``` -Step 1. User produces a BurnProof against their coin(s): - - Inputs: coin(s) to burn, valid inclusion proofs from - their source proofs - - Public outputs: ProofData { burn_amount, btc_recipient, - withdrawal_nonce, ... } - - The burn registers each coin in burned_coins_smt - -Step 2. User publishes the burn inscription (same `4242`-prefix - Taproot mechanism as a regular send). Scanner picks up, state - updates burned_coins_smt and registers the pending payout in - the bridge's pending_payouts queue. - -Step 3. User signs a Payout transaction template: - - Output: btc_recipient gets burn_amount − fees - - Input slot: SIGHASH_SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY, signed by user; - requires an operator to add their own funding input - User submits this template to the bridge. - -Step 4. Optimistic path (12-hour signer convening): - - Signers verify the BurnProof landed and pending_payouts - has the corresponding entry - - Signers collectively sign the Payout against the vault - - User receives BTC; vault is reduced - -Step 5. Operator-fronted path (if optimistic path stalls): - - An operator adds their UTXO as input, signs, broadcasts - - User receives BTC immediately - - Operator initiates reimbursement via KickOff - - Challenge window 1.5 days - - If no challenge: operator claims reimbursement from - vault - - If challenged: BitVM2 game decides; honest operator - wins, malicious one is slashed - -Step 6. Bridge marks the pending_payout as completed; the same - BurnProof cannot trigger another payout (replay protection - via withdrawal_nonce uniqueness in pending_payouts). -``` - -### 6.3 The BurnProof — circuit specifics - -The `BurnProof` branch in the circuit: - -- Asserts at least one input coin -- Asserts no output coins (or only a "change" output coin for the - amount minus burn) -- Asserts `burn_amount > 0` and `burn_amount ≤ sum_inputs` -- Asserts each burned coin's identifier is inserted into - `burned_coins_smt` -- Asserts `withdrawal_nonce` is a fresh value (e.g., random - field-element committed at burn time, never seen before in - `withdrawal_nonces_smt`) -- Emits `btc_recipient` as 20- or 32-byte Bitcoin address as a public - output field - -### 6.4 Failure modes - -| Failure | Recovery | -| ------- | -------- | -| User burns but signers/operators refuse to pay | Fraud — the BurnProof is on-chain (in zkCoins state), the user has a permanent record. After protocol-defined dispute window, governance recourse via federation slashing. Recommended: hard timeout — if 30 days without payout, the burn entry expires and can be re-issued as a fresh mint to the user (requires extra circuit branch, not in v1) | -| Operator double-claims reimbursement | KickOff replay protection — same Payout template can't be used twice; BitVM2 enforces | -| Operator fronts and is slashed for fraud | User already received their BTC (the Payout completed before challenge window); operator loses bond. Bridge is intact. | -| Vault doesn't have enough BTC | Pre-condition failure; bridge must reject burn requests above vault capacity, or queue them | - ---- - -## 7. Sequencing — What Comes Before What - -A realistic implementation sequence: - -| Phase | Item | Effort | Dependencies | -| ----- | ---- | ------ | ------------ | -| 0 | Plonky2 cutover complete (`feat/plonky2-migration` merged) | Already in progress | — | -| 0 | D2/D10 (hiding recipient) and D7 (reorg safety) closed | Pre-mainnet hardening, 2–3 weeks | — | -| 1 | Decide bridge model: BitVM2 vs Liquid-style federation | Strategy decision | — | -| 2a | Federation recruitment — ~5–7 independent organisations agree to participate | Org-level — months | Decision in Phase 1 | -| 2b | Trusted setup ceremony for Groth16 | 2–4 weeks elapsed, ~63 contributor invitations | 2a | -| 3 | Bitcoin Light Client gadget in circuit | 2–3 weeks | Phase 0 | -| 4 | `IssuanceProof` circuit branch | 2 weeks | Phase 0, Phase 3 | -| 5 | `BurnProof` circuit branch | 1–2 weeks | Phase 0 | -| 6 | Bridge node-side state (peg_in_consumed_smt, burned_coins_smt, pending_payouts) | 1 week | Phase 4, Phase 5 | -| 7 | Federation node software (signer + operator + watchtower roles) | 4–6 weeks | Phase 2a, Phase 6 | -| 8 | Integration testing with all federation members on signet | 2–4 weeks | Phase 7 | -| 9 | Mainnet launch | TBD | Phase 8 | - -**Aggregate effort:** 4–6 months engineering for the zkCoins-specific -code (Phases 3–6), plus 2–6 months for federation coordination and -trusted setup (Phases 2a–2b). Realistically 6–9 months elapsed time -to a credible mainnet bridge. - -This is **substantial** — comparable to Citrea's bridge timeline. It -also fundamentally changes zkCoins from a single-operator MVP into a -multi-party federated infrastructure project. - ---- - -## 8. Realistic Alternatives at Lower Cost - -Not every product needs full BitVM2. Three lower-cost alternatives, -ordered from most to least trust-minimised: - -### 8.1 Liquid-style federation (Liquid Network, Blockstream) - -A k-of-n multisig federation holds the BTC. Mints are authorised by -the federation's signing. No on-chain fraud proofs; trust is "honest -majority of federation". - -- **Trust model:** k-of-n (typically 11-of-15 for Liquid) -- **Effort:** weeks (just multisig + a side-chain mint authorisation - flow) -- **Trade-off:** explicitly trusts the federation majority; if k - members collude, BTC can be stolen - -This is **what a single-organisation issuer could realistically run -today** with existing infrastructure. It is **not** trustless in the -BitVM2 sense, but it is trust-distributed and well-understood by the -market. - -### 8.2 Optimistic bridge with permissionless challenge (no SNARK on Bitcoin) - -A 1-of-n optimistic bridge where withdrawals can be challenged for -a window, but the challenge mechanism is off-chain (challenger -publishes a fact and the federation slashes operators by -governance), not via Bitcoin script SNARK verification. - -- **Trust model:** 1-of-n honesty assumption, but recourse is - governance not cryptography -- **Effort:** 2–4 months -- **Trade-off:** cheaper than BitVM2 but legally/socially harder to - enforce slashing - -### 8.3 Federated peg with hardware-secured signers - -The k-of-n federation runs HSMs that enforce policy in firmware (e.g., -"only sign payouts that match a corresponding burn observed in the -side-chain state"). Adds hardware-level enforcement to 8.1. - -- **Trust model:** k-of-n federation + HSM vendor + firmware -- **Effort:** 1–3 months -- **Trade-off:** depends on HSM security, vendor trust - -### 8.4 Recommendation - -For a single-organisation-led zkCoins launch, **8.1 (Liquid-style) -is the realistic short-term path**. BitVM2 is the long-term -aspiration but requires federation recruitment and trusted setup -ceremony coordination that do not fit a self-funded single-org -timeline. - -The migration path is clean: a Liquid-style bridge in v2 can be -upgraded to a BitVM2 bridge in v3 by replacing the trust model at -the federation layer without changing the circuit's `IssuanceProof` -contract. - ---- - -## 9. Privacy Implications - -### 9.1 Peg-in observability - -The user's deposit on Bitcoin L1 is visible. Anyone watching the -bridge vault UTXO sees: - -- The deposit amount -- The user's Bitcoin address(es) used to fund -- The MovetoVault tx and its timing -- Eventually, the corresponding inscription on Bitcoin (via the - `4242` prefix) — even if the recipient address inside is hidden - (post-D2/D10), the temporal correlation of "deposit X confirmed - at time T, inscription Y appeared at time T+δ" is observable. - -This is **a privacy regression compared to a fully off-chain mint** -where the user could mint without Bitcoin L1 exposure. It is **a -privacy improvement compared to L1 BTC** (after the mint, all -subsequent zkCoins transfers are private off-chain). - -### 9.2 Peg-out observability - -Symmetric. The user's BTC withdrawal address is on L1. The temporal -correlation of "burn at time T, BTC arrives at user's address at time -T+δ" links the on-chain zkCoins burn with the destination address. - -### 9.3 Mitigations - -- **Stealth peg-in:** the witness commitment to the recipient address - in the deposit's Taproot leaf can use a hiding commitment with - per-deposit randomness. Bridge federation sees the commitment but - not the actual recipient address. This is a privacy gain only if - the recipient address is also hidden in the issued coin (i.e., D2 - is fixed). -- **Per-deposit fresh addresses:** the user uses a fresh Bitcoin - address for each deposit. Standard hygiene. -- **Coinjoin on peg-out:** the user mixes their burned BTC payout - with others via a separate coinjoin step after withdrawal. Adds - latency but breaks the on-chain link. - -### 9.4 Net assessment - -zkCoins-with-bridge has **less privacy than zkCoins-without-bridge** -(the bridge adds L1 touch points), but **more privacy than any other -BTC L2 with a bridge** because intra-zkCoins transfers remain fully -private off-chain. The privacy story is "BTC enters the shielded -zone, moves privately, BTC exits the shielded zone" — comparable to -Zcash's t/z address model. - ---- - -## 10. Open Questions - -1. **Who pays for proof generation in Phase 4–5?** Node-side - (zkCoins operator) is operationally simpler; user-side - (decentralised) is more trustless. Default: node-side for v1 - with a clear migration path to user-side later. - -2. **Federation size and composition.** Minimum credible: 5 - independent orgs. Target: 15+ for parity with Liquid. Who? Other - Swiss-regulated crypto entities, exchanges, custody providers, - academic institutions. This is mostly a business-development - question, not engineering. - -3. **Trusted setup ceremony logistics.** Coordinate with the BitVM - community for a shared SRS, or run a zkCoins-specific ceremony? - Citrea ran theirs because their predicate (RiscZero → Groth16) is - specific. zkCoins's predicate is also specific (Plonky2 verifier - wrapper → Groth16), so likely a dedicated ceremony — but the - ceremony tooling itself is reusable from Citrea's open-source - release. - -4. **Liquidity bootstrapping.** Operators need BTC inventory to front - peg-outs. Where does it come from? Self-funded by federation - members, with fee compensation. The initiating operator can - plausibly bootstrap with reasonable inventory before recruiting - further federation members. - -5. **Fee model.** Bridge fees per peg-in and peg-out. Should match - market rates (Liquid is 0% currently; Citrea has small fees). - Trade-off between user adoption and federation sustainability. - -6. **Audit-friendly accounting.** The bridge needs a public, real-time - view of "total BTC in vault" vs "total zkCoins outstanding" so any - user can verify the bridge is solvent. This is a side-chain - indexer feature, not a protocol feature, but it should ship at - launch to avoid trust-by-default concerns. - -7. **Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapping.** The BitVM2 verifier is Groth16. - The zkCoins predicate runs in Plonky2. There must be a wrapping - step: prove the Plonky2 verifier in Groth16, so Bitcoin can - verify the wrapped Groth16 proof via BitVM2. This wrapping step - is the same pattern Citrea uses (RiscZero → Groth16). Tooling - from `chainwayxyz/bitvm-zk-verifier` is the starting point. - -8. **What does "trustless" mean to our users?** The legal/compliance - framing matters. Even BitVM2 is "1-of-N honest" — not - "cryptographically impossible to cheat". Marketing-correctness - requires care. - -9. **Interaction with Lightning swap layer.** Once a bridge exists, - the swap design in `LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md` can be enhanced: - instead of an operator providing zkCoins liquidity from their own - inventory, the operator could trigger a fresh peg-in within the - swap flow. This reduces operator capital requirements but - increases per-swap latency (peg-in takes 33h refund window). - Likely worth modelling but not implementing. - ---- - -## 11. Comparison Tables - -### 11.1 Trust models compared - -| Model | Trust assumption | Slashing | Compute-on-Bitcoin | -| ----- | ---------------- | -------- | ------------------ | -| Today (D11) | 100% trust in the single operator-minter | None | None | -| Liquid-style federation | k-of-n federation honest majority | Off-chain governance | None | -| Optimistic + governance dispute | 1-of-n + governance recourse | Off-chain | None | -| BitVM2 / Clementine | 1-of-n setup honesty + 1-of-n watchtower | On-chain via Bitcoin Groth16 verifier (~2.6 MB Assert) | Yes (Groth16) | -| BitVM3 (cut-and-choose) | Same as BitVM2 + cut-and-choose security | On-chain via Garbled-Circuit Disprove (~60 kB Assert, ~200 B Disprove) | Yes (DV-SNARK / GC) | -| Glock (Alpen Labs) | Same as BitVM2 + cut-and-choose | On-chain DV-SNARK based Disprove (~5 kB Assert, 430–550× cheaper than BitVM2) | Yes (DV-SNARK / GC) | -| Mosaic (Eagen et al.) | Same as BitVM2 + cut-and-choose | On-chain footprint **independent of N** (cut-and-choose copies) via polynomial label correlation + adaptor sigs | Yes (DV-SNARK / GC) | -| Native Bitcoin (theoretical) | 0 trust | n/a | n/a | - -### 11.2 BitVM family + competing GC-based verifiers (state as of 2026-05) - -| Construction | Year | Status | Onchain dispute cost | Bridge deployed where | -| ------------ | ---- | ------ | -------------------- | --------------------- | -| BitVM1 | 2023-10 | Superseded | Very high (interactive multi-round) | Theoretical only | -| BitVM2 | 2024-08 | **Mainnet production** | ~2.6 MB Assert tx | Citrea Clementine (mainnet since 2026-01-27); GOAT (testnet V3 since 2026-01-28); Alpen Strata (signet, 10 BTC fixed denomination) | -| BitVM3-RSA | 2025-07 | **Withdrawn** — security flaw found by Eagen / Fairgate | ~60 kB Assert, ~200 B Disprove | None | -| BitVM3-CC (cut-and-choose) | 2026 | Research / early demo | ~$10.91 dispute on mainnet (BOB) | BOB roadmap | -| Glock (Alpen Labs) | 2025-08 | Research → testnet | 430–550× cheaper than BitVM2 (DV-SNARK based) | Strata bridge transition planned; Starknet partnership announced | -| Mosaic (Eagen et al.) | 2026-04 | Research, full protocol spec + Rust impl | On-chain footprint **independent of N copies** (polynomial label correlation) | None yet | - -**Reading guide:** - -- **For a launch today** (zkCoins or any other side-system): BitVM2 is - the only choice with a live, production-tested implementation - (Clementine). Citrea has been in mainnet since 2026-01-27. Tooling, - trusted setup ceremony output, and operational documentation all - exist. -- **For a launch in 6–12 months**: Glock and Mosaic both have credible - implementations and academic peer review going. Either could mature - to production status by then. Both are 100–1000× cheaper on-chain - than BitVM2 and use the same 1-of-N honesty trust model with - cut-and-choose security. -- **Avoid**: BitVM3-RSA (broken). Plain garbled-circuit constructions - without cut-and-choose (not malicious-secure). - -### 11.3 Realistic timelines - -| Target | Effort | Realistic launch | -| ------ | ------ | --------------- | -| Liquid-style federated bridge | 2–3 months | Q3–Q4 2026 | -| BitVM2 bridge (zkCoins-only federation) | 6–9 months | Q1 2027 | -| BitVM2 bridge (multi-org federation) | 9–18 months | Late 2027 | -| Glock-based bridge | depends on Glock production-readiness | Q2–Q4 2027 (if Glock stabilises) | -| Mosaic-based bridge | depends on Mosaic production-readiness | Q3 2027+ (still in research, full Rust impl exists) | - ---- - -## 12. Beyond BitVM2 — The 2026 Verification Landscape - -This section was added after the initial draft. It documents the -post-BitVM2 alternatives that emerged in 2025–2026 and explains why -the strategic recommendation in §13 (Bottom Line) still defaults to -BitVM2 today despite the alternatives being more efficient. - -### 12.1 What changed since BitVM2 - -BitVM2 (Linus et al., 2024-08) shipped as a Bitcoin-script Groth16 -verifier split into sub-programs small enough to fit individual -Bitcoin transactions. The Assert transaction — the on-chain message -where the operator commits to the intermediate computation states — -is roughly 2.6 MB. At Bitcoin's economic block space cost, this is -expensive but not prohibitive for high-value bridges where peg-out -volume can absorb the fee. - -Three follow-up constructions in 2025–2026 attack the Assert size -specifically by replacing the on-chain Groth16 verifier with a -garbled-circuit-based fraud-proof mechanism. The garbled circuit -itself is too large to put on Bitcoin directly, so the constructions -post commitments and use cut-and-choose + adaptor signatures to -ensure that revealing the on-chain signature also reveals enough -information to disprove a fraudulent claim. - -### 12.2 BitVM3 — RSA construction (2025-07) — **withdrawn** - -The first attempt to use garbled circuits on Bitcoin for bridges. The -original BitVM3 paper by Robin Linus proposed an RSA-based binding -between garbled-circuit labels and Bitcoin signatures. Achieved ~60 kB -Assert and ~200 B Disprove on paper. - -**Status:** withdrawn. Liam Eagen (later author of Glock) and Fairgate -Labs identified core security flaws in the RSA construction. The -paper was retracted. **Do not build on this.** - -Subsequent work continues under the BitVM3 banner using cut-and-choose -rather than the broken RSA binding — see BitVM3-CC by BOB and others. - -### 12.3 BitVM3-CC (cut-and-choose) — BOB implementation - -BOB's engineering team implemented a cut-and-choose variant of BitVM3 -on Bitcoin mainnet, using Verifiable Secret Sharing Schemes (VSSS) -and adaptor signatures. Demonstrates a ~$10.91 dispute cost on -mainnet, with the Assert transaction ~87% cheaper than BitVM2. - -The construction is essentially a more careful cousin of the original -BitVM3-RSA, replacing the broken RSA binding with multi-copy -cut-and-choose where the prover commits to N garbled-circuit copies -and the verifier opens t of them to check honest garbling. - -**Status:** demonstrated on mainnet by BOB, but the broader -"BitVM3-CC" research line is still maturing. Reasonable to track as -a credible 2027 alternative but too early to commit to. - -### 12.4 Glock — Garbled Locks for Bitcoin (Alpen Labs, 2025-08) - -**Paper:** [eprint 2025/1485](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1485), -Liam Eagen, Alpen Labs. - -**Core idea.** Combine garbled circuits with a novel and very compact -**designated-verifier SNARK (DV-SNARK)** to bind the garbled circuit's -input/output labels directly to Bitcoin lock data. The DV-SNARK is -constructed over binary elliptic curves, which Eagen argues have -"nice synergies" with the garbled-circuit scheme. - -**Why it's smaller than BitVM2.** BitVM2 verifies Groth16, which is a -universal SNARK and requires a verifier circuit of fixed substantial -size when reduced to Bitcoin script. Glock's DV-SNARK is designed for -a single specified verifier (the bridge contract), so it's -specialised and much smaller. Combined with garbled-circuit fraud -proofs, total on-chain footprint per dispute is in the few-kB range -rather than MB. - -**Architecture sketch.** - -- **Setup:** federation runs cut-and-choose for honesty of N garbled - copies. t copies are opened publicly to prove honesty; the - remaining N-t are used for actual fraud-proof evaluation. -- **Operator commits to a peg-out claim** by posting a signature - whose adaptor binds to a label of the garbled circuit. -- **If the claim is wrong:** the corresponding garbled-circuit - evaluation reveals a secret that lets anyone reconstruct a "fraud - signature" — punishing the operator on-chain. -- **If the claim is right:** no further on-chain interaction needed; - the operator's adaptor signature settles after timelock. - -**Efficiency.** Claimed 430–550× on-chain efficiency over BitVM2. -Concretely: instead of a 2.6 MB Assert transaction, Glock's -disprove-related on-chain footprint is in the few-kB range. - -**Status (2026-05).** - -- Paper published August 2025 -- Alpen Labs is building Glock into their Strata bridge as the - successor to the current BitVM2-based Strata bridge implementation -- Starknet announced a strategic partnership with Alpen Labs in - October 2025 to use Glock as Starknet's BTC bridge primitive -- **No mainnet deployment yet.** Strata's BitVM2 bridge runs on - Bitcoin signet only as of 2026-05; Glock transition is on the - roadmap, not live. -- Research is active and the academic peer-review pipeline - is moving — multiple follow-up papers (Mosaic, Argo) build on or - refine Glock's primitives. - -**What this means for zkCoins.** Glock is the **most attractive 2026 -alternative** to BitVM2 if zkCoins is willing to wait. Its 1-of-N -trust model is identical to BitVM2's; its on-chain cost is 100–1000× -lower; and the construction is by the same team that wrote the -Shielded CSV paper (Eagen, Linus). The fit is essentially perfect. - -The risk: it has not yet been deployed on mainnet by anyone. Glock -**does require a circuit-specific trusted setup** — its DV-SNARK is -instantiated with Pari (Eagen et al., eprint 2024/1245), and the -Pari paper states explicitly: *"Pari requires a circuit-specific -trusted setup, but the relevant prior work (namely, Groth16) also -requires such a setup."* So the setup-coordination burden is -comparable to BitVM2/Groth16, not eliminated. The advantage of -Glock over BitVM2 is on-chain efficiency and proof size (Pari is -the smallest known SNARK at 160 bytes), not setup transparency. - -### 12.5 Mosaic — Practical Malicious Security for Garbled Circuits on Bitcoin (Eagen et al., 2026-04) - -**Paper:** [eprint 2026/812](https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/812), -Khambhati, Tiwari, Bajracharya, Bista, Eagen, Lewe, Feickert. - -**Core idea.** Where Glock uses DV-SNARKs to achieve compactness, -Mosaic stays with traditional Groth16 verifier circuit but achieves -malicious security via **cut-and-choose with polynomial label -correlation**. The trick: labels across all N garbled copies are -arranged as evaluations of a degree-t polynomial. The t shares -revealed during cut-and-choose fall one short of the reconstruction -threshold. Adaptor signatures ensure that the prover's on-chain -witness commitment reveals the missing share as a byproduct. The -evaluator can then reconstruct labels for all unchallenged copies by -interpolation. - -**Killer feature.** The on-chain footprint is **independent of N** -(the number of garbled copies used for cut-and-choose). Other -cut-and-choose constructions need to post per-copy data on-chain -that scales with N. Mosaic eliminates this scaling. - -**Practical.** Full protocol specification, Rust implementation, -instantiated for trust-minimized Bitcoin bridging with a Groth16 -verifier circuit. - -**Status (2026-05).** - -- Paper published April 2026 -- Rust implementation exists (open-source per paper) -- No production deployment yet -- Same author family as Glock and Shielded CSV (Eagen) -- Cleanly compatible with the existing Groth16-verifier ecosystem - (Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapping pipeline that Citrea uses works - unchanged) - -**What this means for zkCoins.** Mosaic is **the cleanest drop-in -replacement** for BitVM2 because it keeps Groth16 as the verifier and -therefore reuses the entire BitVM2 toolchain (trusted setup ceremony, -Groth16 prover tools, `chainwayxyz/bitvm-zk-verifier`). It just cuts -the Assert transaction footprint by a large factor. - -The risk: it's the youngest of the three (April 2026 paper). Has not -seen the same testnet hours as Glock or production hours as BitVM2. - -### 12.6 Production state of major BitVM bridges (2026-05) - -| Bridge | Side-system | Construction | Status | -| ------ | ----------- | ------------ | ------ | -| Clementine | Citrea | BitVM2 | **Mainnet since 2026-01-27** | -| GOAT Network bridge | GOAT Network | BitVM2 variant | **Testnet V3 since 2026-01-28** (permissionless-exit-first design) | -| Strata bridge | Alpen | BitVM2 (Glock transition planned) | **Signet only**, 10 BTC fixed denomination, 64-block operator timeout, 36-block challenge | -| BOB bridge | BOB | BitVM3-CC | Mainnet demo (cost-reduction proof of concept) | -| Bitlayer bridge | Bitlayer | BitVM2 variant | Mainnet | - -**Reading guide.** As of May 2026, **only BitVM2 (and direct variants) -have any mainnet exposure**. Everything garbled-circuit-based — -BitVM3-CC, Glock, Mosaic — is at most demo or testnet. This will -likely change over Q3–Q4 2026 as Strata and BOB push their Glock / -BitVM3-CC bridges toward mainnet. - -### 12.7 Strategic implication for zkCoins - -If we were starting bridge implementation **today**: - -- BitVM2 / Clementine fork. Battle-tested, mainnet-proven, with - reusable trusted setup output. Trade-off: 2.6 MB Assert tx (~$60–200 - at common fee rates). - -If we were starting bridge implementation **in Q3–Q4 2026**: - -- Wait for Strata's Glock transition or BOB's BitVM3-CC mainnet - hardening, then fork from there. Trade-off: more time before - zkCoins has a bridge, much cheaper on-chain dispute resolution. - -If we want to **hedge**: - -- Implement against an abstract "garbled-bridge-verifier" trait, with - BitVM2 as the v1 implementation and Glock/Mosaic as drop-in - replacements when one of them stabilises. The circuit-side - `IssuanceProof` and `BurnProof` contracts (§4) are identical in - any case — only the off-circuit Bitcoin scripting changes. - -The hedge is probably the right answer if implementation does not -have to start this quarter. If implementation must start now and -mainnet within a year, BitVM2 is forced. - -### 12.8 The "BTC denomination" question - -A practical note often overlooked: BitVM-family bridges typically -require **fixed-denomination deposits** because the pre-signed -transaction graph is parameterised on the deposit amount. Strata -uses 10 BTC fixed denomination on testnet; Citrea uses similar -quantisation on mainnet. - -For zkCoins, this means peg-ins would come in fixed chunks (e.g., -0.1 BTC, 1 BTC, 10 BTC) rather than arbitrary amounts. Users wanting -smaller amounts would peg in 0.1 BTC and split internally; users -wanting larger amounts would peg in multiple chunks. - -This is a UX consideration, not a protocol constraint. The Lightning -swap design (`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`) is unaffected — it operates -on arbitrary amounts because it consumes/produces zkCoins state -which has no minimum increment. - ---- - -## 13. Bottom Line - -- **D11 is the biggest unaddressed trust gap in zkCoins.** It is more - significant than D2 (recipient hiding), D7 (reorg safety), or D8 - (per-coin nullifier) for an end-user-trust perspective. A user can - tolerate a small privacy gap or a small reorg-safety gap; they - cannot tolerate "the issuer can print unlimited supply". - -- **BitVM2 / Clementine is the only mainnet-deployed trustless bridge - as of 2026-05.** Citrea has been live since 2026-01-27. Tooling, - trusted setup ceremony output, and operational documentation all - exist. If a bridge must ship within 12 months, this is the only - feasible cryptographic option. - -- **Glock and Mosaic are the credible 2026 successors** (both authored - by the Eagen line of researchers, same family as Shielded CSV - itself). Glock is the 430–550× more efficient alternative using - DV-SNARKs (Alpen Labs, Strata bridge transition planned); Mosaic - keeps Groth16 but cuts on-chain footprint independently of N - cut-and-choose copies (April 2026 paper with Rust impl). Neither - has mainnet exposure yet. See §12 for the full landscape. - -- **BitVM3-RSA was withdrawn** after security flaws were identified - by Eagen / Fairgate. The "BitVM3" name continues under the BitVM3-CC - (cut-and-choose) variant, which is what BOB demonstrated on mainnet. - -- **The realistic short-term path is a Liquid-style federated - bridge.** It is implementable in months, provides meaningful - trust distribution, and can be upgraded to BitVM2 / Glock / Mosaic - later without protocol-layer changes — the `IssuanceProof` and - `BurnProof` circuit contracts (§4) are agnostic to the bridge - construction. - -- **The realistic 1-year cryptographic path is BitVM2.** Federation - recruitment and trusted setup ceremony coordination are the - bottleneck, not engineering. - -- **The realistic 2-year cryptographic path is Glock or Mosaic.** If - bridge implementation can wait into 2027, the on-chain efficiency - upgrade is worth the wait. The hedge: build the circuit side now, - pick the verifier construction when one of Glock/Mosaic has 6+ - months of testnet history. - -- **`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md` is unaffected.** The swap design's - mathematical atomicity holds regardless of how mints work. What - changes is the supply-side honesty of the underlying asset. - -- **D11 fix belongs in the pre-mainnet hardening block of `ROADMAP.md`.** - Currently it is not listed there. This is a documentation gap that - should be corrected. - -- **Federation target: N=100 independent members.** The MVP runs with - N=3 (same data centre, all operated by a single organisation — - engineering correctness only, not real trust distribution). The - production target is - N=100, the practical upper bound of the BitVM2 framework today per - Bitlayer's analysis (*"in practice the value of n can be 100"*). - Strict 1-of-N honesty: 1 honest key deletion among 100 independent - setup members suffices. Going beyond N=100 is open research - (Bitlayer: *"It is necessary to research a permissionless - multi-party OP challenge protocol that could expand BitVM's - existing 1-of-n trust model to 1-of-N, where N is much larger - than n"*) and not a current goal. Federation-member recruitment - to N=100 is business-development, not engineering. Intermediate - milestones expected: N=10 → N=30 → N=100. See `BRIDGE_MVP.md` §2.2. - ---- - -## 14. References - -### BitVM2 and Clementine (production-grade) -- [BitVM2 paper (Linus, Aumayr, Avarikioti, Maffei, Moreno-Sanchez, eprint 2025/1158)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1158.pdf) -- [BitVM2 site](https://bitvm.org/bitvm2.html) -- [Citrea Clementine bridge docs](https://docs.citrea.xyz/essentials/clementine-trust-minimized-bitcoin-bridge) -- [Citrea Risc0-to-BitVM Trusted Setup Ceremony announcement](https://www.blog.citrea.xyz/citrea-completes-the-first-ever-trusted-setup-ceremony-for-zk-proofs-used-in-bitvm/) -- [BitVM Groth16 Verifier Toolkit (chainwayxyz)](https://github.com/chainwayxyz/bitvm-zk-verifier) -- [BitVM GitHub org](https://github.com/BitVM/BitVM) -- [Fairgate review of BitVM2 Linus24 bridge](https://www.fairgate.io/post/3-a-review-of-the-the-bitvm2-based-linus24-bridge) -- [Bitlayer BitVM bridge analysis](https://blog.bitlayer.org/BitVM_Bridge_Becomes_Practical/) - -### BitVM3 and cut-and-choose successors -- [BitVM3 paper (eprint 2026/933)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/933.pdf) — includes both withdrawn RSA construction and cut-and-choose variants -- [BOB BitVM3 cut-and-choose announcement](https://www.gobob.xyz/blog/bob-lowers-onchain-costs-for-bitvm3) -- [Fairgate Computing on Bitcoin newsletter](https://www.fairgate.io/newsletter/) — ongoing coverage - -### Glock (Alpen Labs) -- [Glock: Garbled Locks for Bitcoin (Eagen, eprint 2025/1485)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1485) -- [Glock paper PDF mirror (Alpen)](https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/67cfca80708eb505376820af/68a3e174eaff71d197ac4080_glock.pdf) -- [Glock: A new standard for verification on Bitcoin (Alpen blog)](https://www.alpenlabs.io/blog/glock-verification-on-bitcoin) -- [Efficient verifiable cut-and-choose for Glock (Alpen HackMD)](https://hackmd.io/@alpen/B1QfSSO5gg) -- [Starknet × Alpen partnership announcement (Glock as Starknet BTC bridge)](https://www.starknet.io/blog/starknet-alpen-bitcoin-glock/) -- [Strata bridge docs (currently BitVM2)](https://docs.alpenlabs.io/how-alpen-works/bitcoin-bridge) - -### Mosaic -- [Mosaic: Practical Malicious Security for Garbled Circuits on Bitcoin (eprint 2026/812)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/812) - -### Survey / market context -- [Bitcoin L2s in 2026: A Reality Check (hozk.io)](https://www.hozk.io/articles/bitcoin-l2s-in-2026-a-reality-check) -- [State of Bitcoin: BitVM3, Glock & Bitcoin Dollar (Bitfinity)](https://www.blog.bitfinity.network/state-of-bitcoin-bitvm3-glock-bitcoin-dollar/) - -### Shielded CSV / zkCoins context -- [Shielded CSV paper §"Issuance" predicate branch](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/068) -- `SPEC.md` §15 D11 — this repo -- `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5.6 — self-funded MVP publisher - ---- - -## 15. Change Log - -| Date | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| 2026-05-17 | Initial draft. | -| 2026-05-17 | Add §12 "Beyond BitVM2 — 2026 Verification Landscape" covering BitVM3-RSA withdrawal, BitVM3-CC (BOB), Glock (Alpen Labs), Mosaic (Eagen et al.). Update §3 with 2026-landscape note. Update §11.1 / §11.2 / §11.3 comparison tables. Update §13 Bottom Line with hedging strategy. Refactor references into themed groups. | -| 2026-05-17 | §13 Bottom Line: add explicit production federation target of N=100 (practical upper bound of BitVM2 framework per Bitlayer). Beyond N=100 noted as open research, not current goal. | -| 2026-05-17 | Consistency audit pass: §12.4 — correct the Glock trusted-setup claim (Glock's DV-SNARK is instantiated with Pari which requires a circuit-specific trusted setup, comparable to Groth16; the previous "the DV-SNARK might not require a setup" wording was wrong). Add a branch note at the top explaining that `SPEC.md` / `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` / `ROADMAP.md` currently live on `feat/plonky2-migration` only. | -| 2026-05-17 | Audit round 2: §6.2 Step 1 — fix proof-name inconsistency ("WithdrawalProof" was a one-off term; renamed to `BurnProof` consistent with §6.3 and §4.1) and correct the §5.2 cross-reference to §6.3. | -| 2026-05-17 | Audit round 3: harmonise header structure (Status / Authoritative source / Audience / Branch note). Remove organisation-specific "DFX" references in §4.5, §8.1, §8.4, §10.4, §11.1, and §13 — replaced with generic operator/issuer wording for consistency with the rest of the repo. | diff --git a/BRIDGE_MVP.md b/BRIDGE_MVP.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d9bbbb8..00000000 --- a/BRIDGE_MVP.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1011 +0,0 @@ -# Bridge MVP — Engineering Spec - -**Status:** Engineering specification. No code yet. Companion to -[`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) (strategy / landscape) and -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) (LN swap layer). - -**Authoritative source for:** the MVP scope, the locked technical -decisions, the implementation order, the test plan, and the -non-goals. - -**Audience:** The engineers implementing the MVP. This is the -file-by-file, phase-by-phase plan; it presupposes the strategic -decisions made in `BITVM_BRIDGE.md` §12–§13. - -> **Branch note.** This document presupposes the Plonky2 migration -> currently on `feat/plonky2-migration` (PR #17). `SPEC.md`, -> `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, and `ROADMAP.md` live on that branch and -> will resolve on `develop` only after PR #17 lands. Until then, view -> cross-references against `feat/plonky2-migration`. - ---- - -## 1. Scope - -This document specifies the **MVP engineering plan** for a trustless -BTC ↔ zkCoins bridge. It covers: - -- The MVP definition (what's in, what's deferred) -- Three locked technical decisions -- An eight-phase implementation plan, file-by-file -- The test plan per phase -- A risk register -- Open implementation questions - -**MVP goal:** the *technology* is built. The federation is initially -**3 nodes in the same data centre, all operated by a single -organisation**. This proves the cryptographic and protocol-level -correctness of the bridge mechanism. The same code, with a 5–15 -node federation of independent organisations, becomes a real -trustless bridge — that deployment is a separate operational -concern, not an engineering one. - -It does **not** cover: - -- Federation member recruitment (business-development; out of scope) -- Production hardening beyond the 100%-coverage MVP gate -- Operational runbooks for federation operators -- BitVM3 / Glock / Mosaic implementations (deferred per - `BITVM_BRIDGE.md` §13 hedging strategy) - ---- - -## 2. MVP Definition - -Per `feedback_zkcoins_mvp_definition`, MVP means **minimal feature -surface** AND **100% test coverage on the activated surface**, both -non-negotiable. - -### 2.1 In scope - -- **Peg-in flow:** user deposits BTC, receives a freshly minted - zkCoin to a specified `recipient` address -- **Peg-out flow:** user burns a zkCoin, receives BTC to a specified - L1 address, fronted by an operator with later reimbursement -- **N-of-N MuSig2 federation** with N=3 nodes (configurable; tested - with N=3 in MVP) -- **Cooperative key-path spending** for the funded vault UTXO when - all signers cooperate (most peg-ins) -- **Operator-fronted payouts** with KickOff / Challenge / - Assert / Disprove state machine -- **Bitcoin Light Client gadget** for verifying that a deposit is in - the canonical chain at depth ≥ 6 -- **Fraud-proof game** (BitVM2-style) — full implementation, even if - in MVP the only adversary is a test fixture -- **End-to-end integration test** on Bitcoin signet (preferable to - regtest because of more realistic block timing; regtest is - fallback) - -### 2.2 Deferred - -- Glock / Mosaic backends (after Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapping is solid - for BitVM2, swap is mechanical) -- BTC denomination flexibility (MVP: fixed denominations e.g. - 0.01 BTC, 0.1 BTC, 1 BTC) -- Watchtower payment incentives (MVP: watchtowers are part of the - 3-node federation, paid out-of-band) -- Multi-coin peg-outs in a single burn (MVP: one burn per peg-out) -- Production trusted setup ceremony (MVP: single-contributor SRS - marked "DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION") -- **Federation scaling beyond N=3.** Target federation size for the - production bridge is **N=100 independent members** with a 1-of-N - setup-honesty assumption (1 honest key deletion suffices). N=100 - is the practical upper bound of BitVM2's framework today per - Bitlayer's analysis (*"in practice the value of n can be 100"*). - Beyond N=100 is open research and not a current goal. Intermediate - milestones expected: N=10 → N=30 → N=100. Each step is a separate - setup ceremony with all new members. Federation-member recruitment - is a business-development concern, not engineering, and out of MVP - scope. - -### 2.3 Out of scope (post-MVP, may need separate spec) - -- Liquid-style federated bridge as interim before BitVM2 -- Bridge upgrade to Glock or Mosaic -- Cross-bridge interoperability (peg-out from this bridge to peg-in - to another) -- Privacy upgrades for peg-in / peg-out (the user's L1 BTC address - is visible by construction; mitigations in `BITVM_BRIDGE.md` §9.3 - are out of MVP scope) - ---- - -## 3. Locked Technical Decisions - -These are fixed for v1. Reversing any of them means a non-trivial -re-design. - -### 3.1 Bridge construction: BitVM2 (Citrea-Clementine style) - -- Mainnet-deployed (Citrea since 2026-01-27) -- Reusable tooling (`chainwayxyz/bitvm-zk-verifier`) -- 1-of-N honesty trust model -- Trade-off: ~2.6 MB Assert transaction, vs. 5 kB with Glock - -Glock and Mosaic are **explicitly deferred** to a future bridge-version-2. -The MVP abstracts the verifier behind a trait so that switching is a -later config change. - -### 3.2 Bitcoin Light Client: recursive Plonky2 sub-proof - -A separate Plonky2 circuit verifies a chain of Bitcoin headers -(SHA256d + target-bits) and outputs `(tip_hash, cumulative_work)`. The -`IssuanceProof` branch then **recursively verifies** that -light-client proof and asserts that a specific UTXO (txid, vout, amount) -is in a block whose header is part of the verified chain at depth -≥ 6. - -This is preferred over inlining SHA256d directly into the `IssuanceProof` -circuit because: - -- SHA256d in Plonky2 ≈ 262k gates per hash; 6 confirms ≈ 3M gates - extra per IssuanceProof — sub-second budget broken -- Recursive verification cost is approximately constant once - warmed up -- The light-client sub-proof is reusable for other future use cases - (e.g., zkCoins-side observation of arbitrary Bitcoin events) - -### 3.3 Trusted setup for Groth16 wrapping: single-contributor SRS for MVP - -- The Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapper requires a Groth16 trusted setup -- For MVP with N=3 single-operator nodes, a single-contributor SRS - is acceptable: every node already trusts the others (same operator) -- The SRS file is committed to the repo with a clear marker: - ``` - ⚠️ DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION - This SRS was generated by a single contributor for MVP testing. - Replace before any multi-organisation federation deployment. - ``` -- Replacement: ~30–60 contributor ceremony before the first real - federation deployment. Tooling reused from Citrea's open-source - ceremony software. - ---- - -## 4. Phase 1 — Circuit Extension (`IssuanceProof` + `BurnProof`) - -### 4.1 Goal - -Add two new `ProofType` variants to the state-transition circuit, -implementing the Shielded-CSV-paper-aligned `issuance(IssuanceProof)` -and the new `BurnProof` branches. - -### 4.2 Files touched - -| File | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| `program-plonky2/src/types.rs` | Extend `ProofType` enum with `Issuance` and `Burn` variants; extend `ProofData` with optional fields for issuance/burn metadata | -| `program-plonky2/src/inputs.rs` | Extend `ProgramInputs` with `peg_in_witness: Option` and `burn_witness: Option` fields | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/issuance.rs` | **new** — `IssuanceProof` circuit branch | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/burn.rs` | **new** — `BurnProof` circuit branch | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` | Extend `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` dispatch to handle Initial / AccountUpdate / Issuance / Burn | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs` | Wire in new modules | - -### 4.3 IssuanceProof predicate - -The circuit asserts: - -``` -Given: - account_state: AccountState (new account, owner = recipient address) - peg_in_witness: PegInWitness { lcp_proof, utxo_outpoint, amount, recipient_commitment } - prev_peg_in_consumed_root: HashDigest - new_peg_in_consumed_root: HashDigest - non_inclusion_proof: NonInclusionProof of peg-in into peg_in_consumed_smt - -Asserts: - 1. lcp_proof.verify(verifier_data_bitcoin_lcp) — recursive Plonky2 verify - of the Bitcoin Light Client sub-proof - 2. utxo_outpoint is included in lcp_proof.confirmed_utxos at depth ≥ 6 - 3. peg_in_witness.amount equals the UTXO's amount - 4. peg_in_witness.recipient_commitment matches the user's intended - zkCoins address (binding: witness commitment in the Taproot leaf - of the deposit script hashes to recipient_commitment) - 5. account_state.balance == amount − bridge_fee_constant - 6. account_state.owner == recipient_commitment.address - 7. non_inclusion_proof.verify(utxo_outpoint, prev_peg_in_consumed_root) - 8. non_inclusion_proof.insert(utxo_outpoint) == new_peg_in_consumed_root - 9. Emit ProofData with new state and the new peg_in_consumed_root - -Result: a new account with the deposit amount minus fees, provably -backed by a confirmed on-chain UTXO that cannot be reused. -``` - -### 4.4 BurnProof predicate - -``` -Given: - account_state: AccountState (existing account, has coins) - in_coins: Vec (coins being burned; sum_amount = burn_amount) - in_coins_inclusion_proofs: inclusion proofs for each in_coin - in_coins_history_proofs: same as for normal AccountUpdate - burn_witness: BurnWitness { btc_recipient_address, withdrawal_nonce } - prev_burned_coins_root: HashDigest - new_burned_coins_root: HashDigest - burn_insert_proofs: NonInclusionProof per in_coin into burned_coins_smt - -Asserts: - 1. Each in_coin is verified the same way as in AccountUpdate - (source-proof inclusion, history-root containment, coin-history - non-inclusion + insert) - 2. account_state.balance is decremented by sum(in_coin.amount) using - checked_sub - 3. burn_witness.withdrawal_nonce is fresh (not in withdrawal_nonces_smt; - inserted as part of this proof — or alternatively: nonce is the - hash of the burn proof's public values, deterministic uniqueness) - 4. Each in_coin.identifier is inserted into burned_coins_smt via - burn_insert_proofs, producing new_burned_coins_root - 5. No new out_coins are created - 6. account_state.public_key is rotated to next_public_key (same as - normal send) - 7. Emit ProofData including burn_amount, btc_recipient, and - withdrawal_nonce as part of public values - -Result: the coins are consumed; the bridge can use the public output -to construct a Bitcoin Payout transaction to the burner. -``` - -### 4.5 New types - -```rust -// program-plonky2/src/types.rs additions - -pub enum ProofType { - InitialProof, - AccountUpdateProof, - IssuanceProof, // NEW - BurnProof, // NEW -} - -pub struct PegInWitness { - pub lcp_proof: Plonky2ProofTarget, // recursive LCP proof - pub utxo_txid: HashDigest, - pub utxo_vout: u32, - pub utxo_amount: u64, - pub recipient_commitment: RecipientCommitment, -} - -pub struct RecipientCommitment { - pub address: Address, // = H(initial_pubkey) - pub randomness: HashDigest, // hiding commitment randomness; even - // for plaintext-recipient MVP we - // carry this for forward-compat - // with D2/D10 -} - -pub struct BurnWitness { - pub btc_recipient_address: [u8; 32], // Bitcoin address (Taproot) - pub withdrawal_nonce: HashDigest, -} -``` - -### 4.6 Test plan (Phase 1) - -Per `feedback_zkcoins_mvp_definition`, 100% coverage gate applies. - -Positive: -- **IssuanceProof base case:** valid LCP, valid UTXO, fresh - non-inclusion → proof accepts; ProofData contains new state with - amount − fee. -- **IssuanceProof for second user:** second peg-in to a different - account with a different UTXO → still accepts, peg_in_consumed_smt - grows correctly. -- **BurnProof single coin:** burn one input coin → accepts; output - has zero out_coins; account.balance decremented; coin in - burned_coins_smt. -- **BurnProof multiple coins:** burn two input coins summing to - burn_amount → accepts; both in burned_coins_smt. -- **IssuanceProof then BurnProof for same account:** full mint → burn - cycle. - -Negative (each is a separate test, must assert `data.prove(pw).is_err()`): -- **IssuanceProof with invalid LCP:** rejected. -- **IssuanceProof with UTXO at depth < 6:** rejected. -- **IssuanceProof with amount mismatch:** account claims amount ≠ UTXO - amount → rejected. -- **IssuanceProof with recipient mismatch:** account.owner ≠ - recipient_commitment.address → rejected. -- **IssuanceProof reusing a peg-in:** second IssuanceProof with same - utxo_outpoint → non-inclusion check fails → rejected. -- **BurnProof with wrong coin source:** in_coin not in source's - out_coins_root → rejected. -- **BurnProof with double-burn:** burn the same coin twice → second - attempt's insert into burned_coins_smt fails → rejected. -- **BurnProof with wrong balance update:** account.balance not - decremented correctly → rejected. - -Estimated effort: **3–4 weeks**, risk medium (first time defining -new ProofType variants; recursive LCP verification needs Phase 2 -to be at least partially done). - ---- - -## 5. Phase 2 — Bitcoin Light Client Gadget - -### 5.1 Goal - -A Plonky2 circuit that, given a chain of Bitcoin block headers, -verifies that: - -- Each header's hash satisfies its target (proof-of-work valid) -- Each header chains correctly to the previous one (prev_block_hash - match) -- The cumulative work is computed correctly -- A claimed UTXO is included in a transaction in one of the headers - via Merkle proof against the header's `merkle_root` - -### 5.2 Files touched - -| File | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/lcp/mod.rs` | **new** — light client proof module | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/lcp/header.rs` | **new** — single-header verify (SHA256d + target) | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/lcp/chain.rs` | **new** — multi-header chain verify with cumulative work | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/lcp/spv.rs` | **new** — SPV/Merkle inclusion of a tx in a block | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/lcp/main.rs` | **new** — top-level LCP circuit; outputs (tip_hash, cumulative_work, confirmed_utxos_root) | -| `program-plonky2/src/circuit/sha256.rs` | **new** — Plonky2 SHA256 gadget (or import from polymerdao/plonky2-sha256) | - -### 5.3 SHA256 gadget — buy or build - -**Option A: import [polymerdao/plonky2-sha256](https://github.com/polymerdao/plonky2-sha256).** - -- Pros: existing implementation, known working -- Cons: dependency on a third-party crate; older Plonky2 version - (0.2.0, our codebase is on 1.1.0); ~262k gates per hash -- Action: fork into our tree, upgrade to 1.1.0, vendor as a sub-module - -**Option B: write our own.** - -- Pros: full control, matches our coverage standards -- Cons: 1–2 weeks of high-precision arithmetic-circuit work; SHA256 - bit-twiddling is error-prone -- Action: only if Option A's upgrade to 1.1.0 turns out to be > 1 week - -→ **Default: Option A.** Fork to `program-plonky2/src/circuit/sha256/` - and upgrade in-place. - -### 5.4 LCP public output - -```rust -pub struct LCPPublicValues { - pub tip_block_hash: HashDigest, - pub cumulative_work: [u32; 8], // 256-bit big-int - pub starting_block_hash: HashDigest, // genesis or last-checkpoint - pub confirmed_utxos_root: HashDigest, // Merkle root of all UTXOs - // proven via SPV in this proof -} -``` - -The `confirmed_utxos_root` is the SMT root of all UTXOs the LCP claims -are confirmed. When the `IssuanceProof` recursively verifies the LCP, -it checks one specific UTXO's inclusion in this root. - -### 5.5 Block-batch sizing - -Naïve LCP verifies the full Bitcoin chain from genesis on every -issuance — infeasible (~750k blocks as of 2026). Real solutions: - -- **Checkpointed LCP:** the circuit starts from a hard-coded - checkpoint block hash, verifies only blocks since the checkpoint. - Checkpoint updated by federation governance periodically. -- **Recursive accumulating LCP:** each LCP proof verifies the previous - LCP proof and extends it. The "tip" of the chain advances as new - blocks come in. New peg-ins use the current LCP proof. - -→ **MVP: checkpointed LCP.** The checkpoint is updated weekly by -the bridge operator; this is acceptable because the bridge trusts -its own operator to advance the checkpoint, not for security but -for liveness. Security comes from the SHA256d/target verification -covering all post-checkpoint blocks. - -### 5.6 Test plan (Phase 2) - -Positive: -- **Single block:** verify one valid header → accepts; cumulative - work matches expected. -- **Chain of 6 blocks:** verify a sequence; tip_hash and - cumulative_work computed correctly. -- **SPV inclusion:** verify a tx is in a block's Merkle tree. -- **Recursive LCP:** prove LCP_1, then prove LCP_2 = LCP_1 + - extension; the recursive proof accepts. - -Negative: -- **Invalid PoW:** header hash > target → rejected. -- **Broken chain:** header[N].prev_block_hash ≠ hash(header[N−1]) → - rejected. -- **Wrong cumulative work:** off-by-one error in difficulty - accumulation → rejected. -- **Wrong SPV:** Merkle proof with wrong sibling → rejected. - -Estimated effort: **3–5 weeks**, risk **high** for two reasons: - -- SHA256d performance in Plonky2 — if proving time blows up despite - recursive sub-proofs, we may need to look at Plonky3 (Poseidon2 is - also faster but doesn't help with SHA256d; the only mitigation is - a smaller block batch per recursive step) -- First time integrating an external proof system component (SHA256 - gadget) — version compatibility risk - ---- - -## 6. Phase 3 — State Extension - -### 6.1 Goal - -Extend `node::state::State` to track peg-in consumption, -burn records, and pending payouts. - -### 6.2 Files touched - -| File | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| `node/src/state.rs` | Add 3 new fields, persist/load, expose query methods | -| `node/src/state_tests.rs` | Tests for new state operations | - -### 6.3 New fields - -```rust -struct State { - // existing fields unchanged: smt, mmr, prev_mmr_root, root_indices - - pub peg_in_consumed_smt: SparseMerkleTree, // key = utxo_outpoint hash - // value = peg-in metadata hash - pub burned_coins_smt: SparseMerkleTree, // key = coin.identifier - // value = burn metadata hash - pub pending_payouts: BTreeMap, - // key = withdrawal_nonce -} - -struct PendingPayout { - pub burn_proof_id: ProofId, - pub btc_recipient: [u8; 32], - pub amount: u64, - pub status: PayoutStatus, - pub assigned_operator: Option, - pub created_block: u64, // signet block height at burn-inscription -} - -enum PayoutStatus { - PendingAssignment, - Assigned, - Fronted { payout_txid: HashDigest, kickoff_txid: Option }, - Completed, - TimedOut, // operator did not front within 64 blocks; ready for re-assignment - Disputed { challenge_txid: HashDigest }, - Slashed, -} -``` - -### 6.4 Persistence - -Follow the existing pattern in `node/src/state.rs`: bincode-serialised -binary files alongside `smt.bin` / `mmr.bin`. Names: - -- `peg_in_consumed_smt.bin` -- `burned_coins_smt.bin` -- `pending_payouts.bin` - -Per `feedback_zkcoins_closed_test_env`, no migration code is needed — -on first node start with this code, all three files are created -fresh. - -### 6.5 Test plan (Phase 3) - -Coverage on `State` extensions: - -- Insert into `peg_in_consumed_smt` → root advances; subsequent - non-inclusion proof for same utxo fails. -- Insert into `burned_coins_smt` → same. -- Add `pending_payouts` entry → retrievable by nonce. -- State transitions: PendingAssignment → Assigned → Fronted → - Completed. -- Persistence round-trip: write to disk, read back, equal state. - -Estimated effort: **1 week**, risk **low** (mechanical extension). - ---- - -## 7. Phase 4 — N-of-N MuSig2 Signer Node - -### 7.1 Goal - -A daemon that: - -- Participates in the federation's MuSig2 key aggregation at setup -- Pre-signs all spending paths of the bridge transaction graph -- Cooperatively signs vault outputs for peg-ins -- Provides signing services for cooperative peg-outs - -### 7.2 Where the code lives - -This is **not** in `zk-coins/node` directly — it's a separate -crate that the node binary depends on. Proposed: - -``` -zk-coins/node/ - crates/ - bridge-signer/ ← new crate - src/ - lib.rs - musig2.rs - pre_signing.rs - tx_graph.rs - signer_protocol.rs - Cargo.toml -``` - -(Alternative: separate repo `zk-coins/bridge-signer`. MVP: keep in -the node tree to avoid premature repo proliferation. Memory note: -zkCoins works in `zk-coins/*` org with direct-to-develop pushes -per `feedback_zkcoins_direct_develop`.) - -### 7.3 Library choices - -- **MuSig2:** [`secp256k1-musig2`](https://docs.rs/secp256k1/) once - it lands (Rust-Bitcoin community); or fork `rust-secp256k1`'s - experimental musig branch -- **Bitcoin tx construction:** `rust-bitcoin` (canonical) -- **PSBT manipulation:** `rust-bitcoin`'s PSBT support -- **Network:** simple TCP+protobuf or HTTP JSON, MVP doesn't need a - protocol-level standardisation - -### 7.4 The tx graph - -At federation setup, the signers pre-sign the following templates -for each peg-in denomination: - -1. **MovetoVault:** spends the user's deposit → operational vault - UTXO. Parameterised on (deposit_utxo, user_zkcoins_address). -2. **Payout:** spends vault → user_btc_recipient. Parameterised on - (burn_nonce, btc_recipient, amount). Uses - `SIGHASH_SINGLE|ANYONECANPAY` so any operator can add a fee input. -3. **KickOff:** operator's reimbursement claim. Spends operator's - bond UTXO + claims vault output. -4. **Challenge, Assert, Disprove:** BitVM2 fraud-proof state machine. -5. **Take1, Take2:** operator's eventual reimbursement paths after - challenge window or successful defence. -6. **Burn:** punitive tx that destroys operator's bond on a - successful disprove. - -For MVP with N=3 and a small set of denominations (say 0.01, 0.1, 1 -BTC), the total pre-signed transaction count is ~6 templates × 3 -denominations = ~18 base templates. Manageable. - -### 7.5 The setup ceremony (MVP version) - -1. All three signers generate fresh keypairs -2. MuSig2 key aggregation → `vault_aggregated_pubkey` -3. Each signer generates and exchanges nonce commitments for every - pre-signed transaction -4. Each signer signs every template; partial signatures aggregated -5. Each signer **deletes the per-signer private key** (MVP demo: - logs a "deleted" message; production: actually zeroes memory and - removes any persisted private-key file) -6. Aggregated signatures stored persistently - -### 7.6 Operations - -After setup, the signers participate in: - -- **MovetoVault signing:** when a user's deposit lands on Bitcoin, - signers cooperate to broadcast the pre-signed MovetoVault tx that - binds the deposit to the user's zkCoins address -- **Cooperative payout:** if all signers are online during a peg-out, - they cooperatively sign a direct vault→user Payout, bypassing the - operator-fronting path - -### 7.7 Test plan (Phase 4) - -Positive: -- 3-node MuSig2 setup: aggregated pubkey computed identically by all - 3 -- Pre-signing one template: all 3 produce valid partial sigs; - aggregation yields a valid BIP-340 sig -- Pre-signing all 18 templates: completes within reasonable time - (target: < 30s) -- MovetoVault cooperation: 3-node test signs and broadcasts on - regtest; transaction confirms - -Negative: -- One node refuses to sign: aggregation fails gracefully (returns - Error, not panic) -- One node provides a corrupt partial sig: detection via verification - before aggregation -- Replay of a pre-signed nonce: detected, rejected - -Estimated effort: **3–4 weeks**, risk **medium** (MuSig2 + Bitcoin -tx construction is well-understood territory but precise pre-signing -of a complex tx graph has been tricky historically; reference Citrea -Clementine's `signer` crate as starting point). - ---- - -## 8. Phase 5 — Operator + Watchtower Daemons - -### 8.1 Goal - -The **operator** daemon advances peg-outs from its own BTC balance -and claims reimbursement via KickOff. The **watchtower** daemon -monitors Bitcoin for fraudulent operator claims and posts challenges. - -In MVP, the same 3 nodes run both daemons. - -### 8.2 Files touched - -``` -zk-coins/node/ - crates/ - bridge-operator/ ← new crate - src/ - lib.rs - payout.rs - kickoff.rs - bond.rs - bridge-watchtower/ ← new crate - src/ - lib.rs - monitor.rs - challenge.rs - disprove.rs -``` - -### 8.3 Operator flow - -``` -1. Subscribe to `pending_payouts` events from node (see Phase 6) -2. On PendingAssignment with status changing to Assigned: - a. Verify the burn-proof landed (zkCoins state confirms) - b. Verify own BTC balance ≥ amount + fees - c. Construct the Payout tx (add own input as fee, sign) - d. Broadcast Payout tx to Bitcoin - e. Wait for confirmation - f. Update node: payout fulfilled (txid) -3. Submit KickOff tx claiming vault reimbursement -4. Wait for 36-block challenge window - a. If no challenge: post NoChallenge tx after timelock, retrieve - reimbursement - b. If challenged: enter BitVM2 dispute (Assert + Disprove) -``` - -### 8.4 Watchtower flow - -``` -1. Subscribe to Bitcoin chain (rust-bitcoin chain notifier) -2. On any KickOff tx detected: - a. Verify: does the corresponding pending_payout exist on zkCoins? - b. Verify: does the Payout tx claimed by KickOff actually exist - on Bitcoin? - c. If either check fails: this is a fraudulent KickOff. Post - Challenge tx within the challenge window. -3. On Assert tx (operator's response to Challenge): - a. Run our local Groth16 verifier on the asserted computation - b. If wrong: post Disprove tx, slashing operator's bond -``` - -### 8.5 Bonds - -For MVP with 3 trusted nodes, bonds can be dust (~10000 sat) — the -slashing is symbolic. Production-grade bonds match peg-out -denominations. - -### 8.6 Test plan (Phase 5) - -Positive: -- Happy path peg-out: user burns, operator pays, no challenge, kickoff - succeeds. -- Two parallel peg-outs: both operators advance; both reimbursements - complete. - -Negative (essential to validate the fraud-proof game works): -- **Malicious operator simulation:** operator posts KickOff for a - payout they did not fund → watchtower detects, posts Challenge → - operator cannot produce valid Assert → Disprove fires → bond - slashed. -- **Operator times out on fronting:** assigned operator does not - broadcast Payout within 64 blocks → node reassigns. -- **Network partition:** simulate Bitcoin node disconnect for an - operator during KickOff → operator retries on reconnect. - -Estimated effort: **3 weeks**, risk **medium** (state-machine -correctness, especially fraud-proof game; reference Citrea's -operator + watchtower implementations). - ---- - -## 9. Phase 6 — Bridge-Aware Node - -### 9.1 Goal - -Extend `zk-coins/node` HTTP API with peg-in and peg-out endpoints. - -### 9.2 Files touched - -| File | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| `node/src/bridge.rs` | **new** — bridge module | -| `node/src/router.rs` | Add bridge endpoints to router | -| `node/src/runtime.rs` | Wire bridge state into runtime | - -### 9.3 Endpoints - -``` -GET /api/bridge/quote - Returns current peg-in and peg-out fees, denominations - supported, estimated wait times. - -POST /api/bridge/peg-in/initiate - Body: { recipient_zkcoins_address, denomination, refund_btc_pubkey } - Returns: { deposit_taproot_address, refund_timeout_block } - Node records the pending peg-in; user makes the Bitcoin deposit. - -POST /api/bridge/peg-in/finalize - Body: { deposit_txid, deposit_vout, lcp_proof_bytes } - Node verifies the LCP, runs the prover to generate - IssuanceProof, returns ProofId to user; user signs the - commitment and POSTs it back via the standard /api/commit. - -POST /api/bridge/peg-out/burn - Body: { source_coins[], btc_recipient_address } - Node runs the prover to generate BurnProof, returns ProofId - and withdrawal_nonce. - -GET /api/bridge/peg-out/status?nonce={nonce} - Returns current PayoutStatus. - -POST /api/bridge/peg-out/payout-template - (Operator-only.) Returns the unsigned Payout template ready - for fee-input addition. - -POST /api/bridge/peg-out/fronted - (Operator-only.) Notify that an operator broadcast a Payout - tx; node marks PendingPayout as Fronted. -``` - -### 9.4 Test plan (Phase 6) - -Per `feedback_zkcoins_mvp_definition`: 100% coverage on the activated -endpoints. - -- Each endpoint with happy-path input → correct response -- Each endpoint with malformed input → 400-class error, no state - change -- Each endpoint with operator/user role mismatch → 403 -- Race conditions: concurrent peg-out initiations on the same coin - set → second rejected with conflict - -Estimated effort: **2 weeks**, risk **low** (standard HTTP API -extension). - ---- - -## 10. Phase 7 — Plonky2 → Groth16 Wrapping - -### 10.1 Goal - -For BitVM2 to verify our state-transition proof on Bitcoin, the proof -needs to be in Groth16. Our circuit is Plonky2. The standard pattern -(Citrea, GOAT) is: prove the Plonky2 verifier circuit in Groth16, -then BitVM2 verifies the resulting Groth16 proof. - -### 10.2 Files touched - -| File | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| `crates/bridge-groth16/` | **new crate** — Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapper | -| `crates/bridge-groth16/src/wrap.rs` | Implement Plonky2 verifier as a Groth16 circuit | -| `crates/bridge-groth16/src/srs.rs` | Trusted setup SRS loading / validation | -| `crates/bridge-groth16/srs/mvp_srs.bin` | The MVP single-contributor SRS — **DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION** | - -### 10.3 Approach - -Two viable paths: - -**Path A: arkworks-based Plonky2 verifier in Groth16.** Implement the -Plonky2 verifier (Poseidon hashing, FRI proximity checks, etc.) as -an arkworks Groth16 circuit. Reuse and modify the gnark-style -verifier patterns Citrea uses for RiscZero → Groth16. - -**Path B: Aggregate via a STARK-friendly intermediate.** Plonky2 → -RiscZero → Groth16. Adds latency but reuses Citrea's exact toolchain. - -→ **MVP: Path A.** Direct wrap. Effort estimate is roughly comparable - to Path B and avoids an extra dependency. - -### 10.4 Trusted setup ceremony - -For MVP: single contributor (the lead dev). The SRS file is committed -to the repo with the warning marker (§3.3). - -Production replacement: run a ceremony with 30–60 contributors using -`chainwayxyz`'s ceremony software (open-sourced as part of Citrea's -Risc0-to-BitVM ceremony). Each contributor adds randomness; only one -honest contributor is needed for the resulting SRS to be secure. - -### 10.5 Test plan (Phase 7) - -- Wrap a small Plonky2 proof in Groth16 → wrapping completes; the - Groth16 proof verifies against the SRS. -- Wrap a state-transition proof from `IssuanceProof` → Groth16 proof - has the expected public values (asth, ocr, peg-in-consumed-root, - etc.). -- Negative: wrap a malformed Plonky2 proof → wrapping fails with - clear error. - -Estimated effort: **3–4 weeks**, risk **medium-high** (most novel -cryptographic engineering of the MVP; the Plonky2 verifier circuit -is non-trivial in Groth16; mitigation: study Citrea's open-sourced -Risc0-to-BitVM verifier). - ---- - -## 11. Phase 8 — Integration Test on Signet - -### 11.1 Goal - -3-node end-to-end run on Bitcoin signet (or regtest): peg-in, send -within zkCoins, peg-out. Demonstrate the full happy path and at least -one fraud-proof challenge. - -### 11.2 Setup - -- 3 Linux VMs, each running: - - Bitcoin signet node (synced) - - `zk-coins/node` instance configured for bridge mode - - `bridge-signer`, `bridge-operator`, `bridge-watchtower` daemons -- Shared regtest or signet Bitcoin network -- A test client that drives peg-ins and peg-outs - -### 11.3 Test scenarios - -1. **Happy peg-in:** test client deposits 0.1 BTC on signet → 3 nodes - cooperatively MovetoVault → LCP advances → IssuanceProof generated - → zkCoins minted. -2. **Happy peg-out:** test client burns 0.1 BTC worth of zkCoins → - operator fronts → KickOff → no challenge → operator reimbursed. -3. **Internal zkCoins send between two test users.** -4. **Adversarial peg-out:** simulate a malicious operator that posts - KickOff for a non-existent payout → watchtower posts Challenge → - Disprove succeeds → bond slashed → recoverable state. -5. **Cooperative peg-out (all 3 signers online):** bypass operator - fronting; direct vault → user payout. -6. **Refund path:** simulate federation outage; test client deposits, - federation fails to MovetoVault for 200 blocks → test client uses - refund leaf to recover deposit. - -### 11.4 Success criteria - -- All 6 scenarios complete on signet within reasonable timing -- No double-spends, no stuck funds, no unauthorised mints -- Each scenario covered by automated integration test in the CI - pipeline -- Coverage gate maintained on all touched node/bridge code - -Estimated effort: **3–4 weeks** integration + debugging, risk -**medium-high** (first full-stack run; expect timing and -state-machine bugs). - ---- - -## 12. Aggregate Effort and Risk Register - -### 12.1 Total effort - -| Phase | Effort | Risk | -| ----- | ------ | ---- | -| 1 — Circuit extension | 3–4 weeks | Medium | -| 2 — Bitcoin Light Client | 3–5 weeks | High | -| 3 — State extension | 1 week | Low | -| 4 — MuSig2 signer | 3–4 weeks | Medium | -| 5 — Operator + watchtower | 3 weeks | Medium | -| 6 — Bridge-aware node | 2 weeks | Low | -| 7 — Plonky2 → Groth16 | 3–4 weeks | Medium-high | -| 8 — Integration on signet | 3–4 weeks | Medium-high | -| **Total** | **21–28 weeks ≈ 5–7 months** | — | - -Assumes Plonky2 migration (PR #17) is complete before Phase 1 -starts. If parallelised carefully, Phases 1–3 can begin while PR #17 -finishes (since they don't depend on the node-side replace step). - -### 12.2 Risk register - -- **B1 — SHA256d in Plonky2 too slow.** Phase 2. - *Mitigation:* recursive sub-proofs with small batch sizes; - worst-case fall back to a STARK-friendly LCP (Risc0 / sp1) - externally verified. -- **B2 — Plonky2 → Groth16 wrapping cost.** Phase 7. - *Mitigation:* study Citrea's verifier; if it's too custom, fall - back to Path B (intermediate Risc0). -- **B3 — MuSig2 production-readiness.** Phase 4. - *Mitigation:* if `rust-secp256k1` MuSig2 is not stable, vendor - a known-good fork; reference Citrea's signer. -- **B4 — Fraud-proof game state-machine bugs.** Phases 5 + 8. - *Mitigation:* extensive negative testing (scenario 4 in Phase 8); - cross-reference Citrea's operator implementation. -- **B5 — Bitcoin tx fee market spikes.** Phase 8. - *Mitigation:* MVP uses signet (fees ≈ 0); production design - includes fee bump mechanisms (RBF, CPFP). Out of MVP scope. -- **B6 — Light Client checkpoint becomes stale.** Phase 2. - *Mitigation:* document checkpoint update procedure; out of MVP - automation scope. - ---- - -## 13. Open Implementation Questions - -1. **MVP denominations.** Three? Five? `BITVM_BRIDGE.md` §12.8 covers - the trade-off. Suggest: `{0.01, 0.1, 1.0} BTC` for MVP. - -2. **Refund timeout for peg-in.** Strata uses 200 blocks (~33h). - Match. - -3. **Challenge window for peg-out.** Strata uses 36 blocks (~6h). - Citrea Clementine uses 1.5 days. For MVP: 36 blocks to keep - testing fast. - -4. **Where does `bridge-signer` live?** In-tree under - `node/crates/` or separate repo? MVP: in-tree. - -5. **How is the LCP checkpoint advanced?** Manual operator commit - for MVP. Automation = post-MVP. - -6. **What happens on an LCP that hasn't been refreshed?** Reject the - IssuanceProof; user retries after operator refreshes the LCP. - Worst case: 1 day operator response time. - -7. **Auditability surface for "total BTC in vault vs zkCoins - outstanding".** Bridge dashboard endpoint. Useful but - out-of-MVP-scope for circuit correctness; add post-Phase 8. - -8. **What happens if Plonky2 step 5 (cyclic recursion plumbing, the - blocker on `feat/plonky2-migration`) hits issues?** This MVP - plan assumes step 5 lands cleanly. If it doesn't, the recursive - LCP architecture in Phase 2 cannot work either and we'd need to - rethink. Trigger: re-evaluate Phase 2 if step 5a's panic on - `circuit_digest` mismatch (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.12) - recurs at scale. - ---- - -## 14. Non-Goals (Restated) - -So nobody scope-creeps: - -- Federation diversity / multi-org recruitment — **not in MVP** -- BitVM3 / Glock / Mosaic — **not in MVP** -- Production trusted setup ceremony — **not in MVP** -- Real economic operator bonds — **not in MVP** -- Auditability dashboard — **post-MVP** -- Bridge → Bridge interoperability — **post-MVP** -- Privacy hardening of peg-in / peg-out — **post-MVP**, depends on - D2/D10 closure first - ---- - -## 15. References - -- [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) — strategic context, landscape, - why BitVM2 for v1 -- [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) — LN swap layer - that this bridge enables -- `SPEC.md` — protocol specification (D11 will close with this MVP). - Currently on `feat/plonky2-migration`. -- `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` — Plonky2 lessons (§7.12 cyclic-recursion - gotcha specifically relevant to Phase 2). Currently on - `feat/plonky2-migration`. -- `ROADMAP.md` — `feat/plonky2-migration` progress; this MVP starts - after step 9. Currently on `feat/plonky2-migration`. -- [Citrea Clementine bridge docs](https://docs.citrea.xyz/essentials/clementine-trust-minimized-bitcoin-bridge) -- [BitVM Groth16 Verifier Toolkit (chainwayxyz)](https://github.com/chainwayxyz/bitvm-zk-verifier) -- [polymerdao/plonky2-sha256](https://github.com/polymerdao/plonky2-sha256) -- [Strata bridge docs (BitVM2 reference impl)](https://docs.alpenlabs.io/how-alpen-works/bitcoin-bridge) - ---- - -## 16. Change Log - -| Date | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| 2026-05-17 | Initial draft. | -| 2026-05-17 | §2.2: add "Federation scaling beyond N=3" as deferred item with production target N=100 (1-of-N strict, practical upper bound of BitVM2 framework). Beyond N=100 noted as open research, not current goal. | -| 2026-05-17 | Consistency audit pass: add branch note at the top explaining that `SPEC.md` / `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` / `ROADMAP.md` currently live on `feat/plonky2-migration` only; downgrade hyperlinks to those files to plain references (with branch annotation) in §15 References. | -| 2026-05-17 | Audit round 3: harmonise header structure (Status / Authoritative source / Audience / Branch note). Remove "DFX-operated" wording in §2.1 and §3.3 — replaced with generic "single-organisation" wording for consistency with the rest of the repo. | diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md index 0e16918b..444d24b5 100644 --- a/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ # Contributing to zkCoins Node -This guide covers everything you need to develop, test, and deploy the zkCoins backend. +This guide covers how to set up, build, test, and ship changes to the zkCoins +backend. It is intentionally limited to **developer setup, coding standards, and +the PR flow** — protocol design, roadmap, and migration research live in the +[docs site](https://docs.zkcoins.app) and the +[research repo](https://github.com/zk-coins/research). ## Trust model — run your own node @@ -16,322 +20,6 @@ This is a hard project rule. It shapes every design and implementation decision: When in doubt about whether a feature belongs in the wallet, SDK, or node: if it exists to reduce trust in the node, build it node-side, or document self-hosting as the answer. This rule is mirrored verbatim in [`zk-coins/node`](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md), [`zk-coins/sdk`](https://github.com/zk-coins/sdk/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md), [`zk-coins/app`](https://github.com/zk-coins/app/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md), and [`zk-coins/docs`](https://github.com/zk-coins/docs/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md). ---- - -## Working on the Plonky2 Migration - -This section documents the project invariants, the decision recipe for "should this go in the MVP?", the pre-push checklist, and the known foot-guns. It applies to all work on `develop` after the 2026-05-18 SP1 → Plonky2 cutover. The rest of this file is the dev guide for day-to-day node work. - -It is the canonical entry point for any session (agent or human) picking up the -codebase without prior context. The Plonky2 migration (PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17)) -merged on 2026-05-18; this section captures the project invariants that -survive the migration. Read this section, then dive into the linked -documents in the order given below. - -### Reading order - -1. **This section** — invariants, decision recipe, gates. -2. **[`ROADMAP.md`](./ROADMAP.md)** — live status table, per-step plans, - effort, risk register, post-MVP Plonky3 path. -3. **[`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md)** — what the protocol *does*. Glossary, - divergences from the paper (§15), full circuit spec. -4. **[`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md)** — why we - chose what we chose. §3 (11 divergences), §5 (6 locked-in design - decisions), **§7 Lessons Learned** (11 gotchas — required reading - before touching the affected code areas). -5. **[`program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md`](./program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md)** - — operational handoff for the migration crate: toolchain, - build/test/lint, coverage gate, gadget-authoring pattern. - -### No polling — events only - -Bitcoin / Esplora signals on the node's hot path are subscribed to, -never polled. The scanner consumes block events from the Esplora- -compatible WebSocket stream (`scanner_ws.rs`, `ESPLORA_WS_URL` — -required env var, no default; see README §Configuration); the -publisher broadcasts the commit and reveal transactions back-to-back -via REST and never sleeps or polls between them. The previous 30-s -tip-poll gated `/api/mint` and `/api/send` visibility by up to a full -block-time + poll-interval (issue #84); event-driven ingestion brings -that down to the WS round-trip. - -Historical note: issue #84 originally replaced a fixed 5 s -`PROPAGATION_WAIT_SECS` sleep with a WS `track-tx` wait + REST -safety-net. PR [#144](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/144) -removed that path and replaced it with direct sequential -`client.broadcast(commit) → client.broadcast(reveal)`. A later -re-analysis (see `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` § 7.24) established that -the publisher's subscribe frame had been sent in the wrong wire -format — `{"action":"track-tx","data":""}` — whereas the -mempool.js convention and `mempool/backend:v3.3.1`'s -`websocket-handler.ts` both expect `{"track-tx":""}` as a -top-level key. The backend silently dropped the malformed frame, so -the WS wait always timed out and the REST safety-net always -confirmed the tx as already on-chain (16/16 fallbacks in the 72 h -DEV `request_log` sample, 0 not-found, 0 errors). PR #144 stands -on independent grounds: in the in-cluster topology (node, electrs, -bitcoind share the Docker `bitcoin` network) bitcoind's -local-mempool accept already orders the two POSTs race-free, and -the closed-test-env model (no external Esplora) means there is no -upstream to subscribe against in the first place. The -architecture is documented here; the wire-format bug is recorded -for the historical record, not as a justification. - -Where it applies: - -- `node/src/scanner.rs` — pure inscription parsing, no polling. -- `node/src/scanner_runtime.rs` — block-walk loop, drains the WS-fed channel. -- `node/src/scanner_ws.rs` — WS subscriber + reconnect-with-backoff. -- `node/src/scanner_ws_parse.rs` — pure WS frame parsers. -- `node/src/publisher.rs` — direct sequential commit→reveal broadcast. - -Where it does NOT apply: integration tests -(`node/tests/api_remote.rs`), health-readiness probes, and any -self-host operator code outside the four files above. - -CI enforces this with a `grep` step inside the `Lint & Build` job in -`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`: - -```bash -grep -rEn 'tokio::time::(sleep|sleep_until|interval)|std::thread::sleep' \ - node/src/scanner.rs \ - node/src/scanner_runtime.rs \ - node/src/scanner_ws.rs \ - node/src/scanner_ws_parse.rs \ - node/src/publisher.rs \ - | grep -v 'scanner-polling-ok:' -``` - -Any match without the `scanner-polling-ok:` token on the same line -fails the build with a pointer to issue #84. The token is a plain -comment marker — not an `#[allow(...)]` attribute, which would have -been mistakable for a real lint suppression — and is the documented -per-line opt-out for genuinely justified exceptions (today: the -WS-reconnect backoff in `scanner_ws` and the bounded HTTP-retry -sleep in `scanner_runtime`). The same line must carry a comment -explaining WHY this particular sleep is not a chain-tip poll. New -uses require either changing the design or extending this section -with the rationale. - -The publisher's previous per-broadcast `track-tx` reconnect-with- -backoff inside `scanner_ws.rs` is no longer in the file — it was -removed alongside the WS wait itself (see historical note above). - -### Project invariants (non-negotiable) - -The five constraints below are decided and apply across every PR on -`develop`. - -1. **Node-side compute architecture.** The node generates every ZK - proof, holds every Merkle tree, broadcasts every Taproot inscription. - The wallet holds only the user's private key and signs BIP-340 Schnorr - over `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. No in-browser - Poseidon, no wasm-Plonky2 verifier, no in-app ZK gadget. -2. **Closed test environment** — DEV *and* PRD. No external users, no - real money, no migration of existing state. Step 7 of the ROADMAP - deleted the SP1 path outright; no Cargo feature flag, no dual - backend. At cutover (PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17), 2026-05-18) the node state files - were wiped and the new Plonky2 node started fresh. -3. **Hardware target: Mac Studio M3 Ultra, 96 GB unified RAM, single - host.** All on-box compute resources are available (Performance + - Efficiency cores, the integrated Apple GPU reachable via Metal, - Neural Engine, AMX). **No external hardware** (no NVIDIA, no CUDA, - no GPU farms). **No external cloud proving services** (no Succinct - Prover Network, no AWS GPU, no Lambda Labs). Note: Plonky2 today - has no Metal backend, so the integrated GPU is effectively idle for - proving — that's a library property, not a constraint we imposed. - Performance budget: warm proof ≤ 5 s (target ≤ 1 s), cold-start - ≤ 30 s, memory peak < 64 GB. -4. **MVP = minimal feature surface + 100% test coverage.** Simultaneous, - not alternative. "Minimal" reduces the surface; "100%" keeps what - remains clean. Gate: `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100 -- --test-threads=8` - from inside the affected crate (the `node`-crate gate runs at - `--test-threads=8` after issue #181 Opt A + Opt B — per-test - Postgres-schema isolation + a cross-process attach-or-create file - lock around the shared container make the suite parallel-safe). Current state on `program-plonky2`: - 100% lines / functions / regions, 115 default-run tests (+ 2 - `#[ignore]`d `recursion_shape_probe` diagnostics). The authoritative - coverage gate for `node` runs in CI on the self-hosted M3 Ultra - runner (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`, `Tests + Coverage Gate` job, - gated behind the `ci:full` label on PRs). See `ROADMAP.md` § "Done" for - the live test count and breakdown. -5. **Plonky2 is bridge tech; Plonky3 is the long-term destination.** - But we do not preemptively adopt BabyBear / Poseidon2 inside this - migration — see `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5 (decisions) and ROADMAP - "Considered alternative". -6. **`num_pubkeys` only advances after on-chain broadcast — never - before.** The mint and commit flows must follow prepare → broadcast - → commit ordering: build the prover witness on a clone, attempt - the inscription broadcast first, and only on broadcast success - commit the bumped `minting_meta.num_pubkeys` (with an optimistic - `... WHERE num_pubkeys = $expected_prev` clause) together with the - mutated account snapshots in a single sqlx transaction. The - broadcast-then-commit ordering is load-bearing; any future - refactor that moves a `minting_meta` UPDATE, an `accounts` UPSERT, - or an in-memory `receive_coin` above the broadcast call re- - introduces the state-desync class fixed in - [zk-coins/node#89](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/issues/89). - Startup invariant check in `runtime::check_minting_state_invariant` - enforces the corollary at boot: every `pubkey_idx ∈ - 0..num_pubkeys` MUST have a commitment in the SMT, no flag - override — operator recovery is via the `reset_state` workflow. - -### Decision recipe — should this go in the MVP? - -Run this checklist in order on every proposed change. Stop at the -first "no". - -1. **Is X on the critical path for the one-shot user loop?** (create - account → mint → send → receive → balance) If no, defer to post-MVP. -2. **Does X compromise invariant 1 (node-side compute)?** If yes, - redesign so all heavy compute is node-side. -3. **Does X require external hardware or cloud services (invariant 3)?** - If yes, redesign. -4. **Does X assume migration logic (invariant 2)?** If yes, redesign - to "replace not migrate" or defer until mainnet launch. -5. **Can X be tested to 100% coverage including negative paths - (invariant 4)?** If not, refactor or gate behind a Cargo feature. -6. **Does X drift from the divergence list (`SPEC.md` §15)?** If yes, - updating the divergence list is part of the PR. - -If all six pass, X enters the MVP. Update `ROADMAP.md` Status-at-a-Glance -and the relevant `### Step N` section *in the same PR*. - -### Pre-push checklist - -The repo-level pre-push hook (`.githooks/pre-push`) runs `cargo fmt ---check`, `cargo clippy` (all three feature scopes), and `cargo -check --workspace --all-features` automatically. - -**Mandatory local gates — run BOTH green before every push.** These -reproduce the two CI jobs that most often go red after a push, so -verifying them locally first turns a ~13 min red-CI round-trip into a -local check. Both need a working Docker daemon (OrbStack/Colima) for -the per-test `postgres:17` testcontainer. - -**1. Coverage gate** (mirrors the `Tests + Coverage Gate` CI job — -100% lines + functions on the `node` package; the `--ignore-filename-regex` -is copied verbatim from `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`). One-time setup: -`cargo install cargo-llvm-cov` + `rustup component add llvm-tools-preview`. - -```bash -IS_MAINNET=false ESPLORA_URL=http://127.0.0.1:1/api \ -ESPLORA_WS_URL=ws://127.0.0.1:1/api/v1/ws \ -USERNAME_DOMAIN=test.zkcoins.local \ -PUBLISHER_KEY=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 \ -cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ - --ignore-filename-regex 'main\.rs|lib\.rs|publisher\.rs|runtime\.rs|scanner_runtime\.rs|scanner_ws\.rs|flow\.rs|job_dispatcher\.rs|_tests\.rs$|test_db\.rs$|bin/.*\.rs$|shared/src/.*\.rs$' \ - --fail-under-lines 100 --fail-under-functions 100 \ - --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' -``` - -`--fail-under-*` hard-fails on any gap (no silent degradation). The -first run recompiles the suite with `-C instrument-coverage`; `sccache` -(`RUSTC_WRAPPER=sccache`) makes repeats fast. - -**2. `api_remote` against public Mutinynet** (the deploy-dev API E2E -suite — 47 tests — run locally instead of waiting for deploy; catches -contract regressions like the #179 class before they ship). It needs a -local node pointed at public Mutinynet **with an on-chain-funded -publisher wallet** (the 8 mint/send/commit roundtrips broadcast real -Taproot inscriptions; the other 39 are funding-free contract checks). - -Keep the stable test config (incl. a long-lived publisher key to keep -funded) in `~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env` (git-ignored, signet -test-only): - -```bash -# ~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env -export IS_MAINNET=false -export NETWORK_NAME=Mutinynet -export ESPLORA_URL=https://mutinynet.com/api -export ESPLORA_WS_URL=wss://mutinynet.com/api/v1/ws -export USERNAME_DOMAIN=local.zkcoins.test -export PUBLISHER_KEY=<32-byte hex; its P2TR(signet) addr must hold Mutinynet UTXOs> -export DATABASE_URL=postgres://zkcoins:zkpw@127.0.0.1:5433/zkcoins -export PROOFS_DIR=/tmp/zkcoins-proofs -``` - -```bash -# one-time runtime Postgres for the node (separate from the test container): -docker run -d --name zkcoins-smoke-pg -p 5433:5432 \ - -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=zkpw -e POSTGRES_USER=zkcoins -e POSTGRES_DB=zkcoins postgres:17 - -# start the node, fund its publisher, run the suite: -source ~/.config/zkcoins/mutinynet.env -ZKCOINS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP_WARMUP=1 ./target/release/node & # binds 0.0.0.0:4242 -curl -s localhost:4242/health/publisher # -> fund the printed P2TR address on Mutinynet -curl -s localhost:4242/health/ready # -> {"ready":true,...} once funded -ZKCOINS_API_URL=http://127.0.0.1:4242 \ - cargo nextest run -p node --release --all-features -E 'binary(api_remote)' # expect 47/47 -``` - -> **Funding note:** `faucet.mutinynet.com` is, despite older docs, an -> L402 Lightning paywall (`POST /api/onchain` requires a paid token; -> `POST /api/l402` issues a ~50-sat invoice). A self-signed NIP-98 -> token is rejected. Fund the publisher P2TR address out-of-band -> (existing Mutinynet wallet / pay the 50-sat L402 once) and keep the -> key in the env file so it stays funded across runs. - -When touching `program-plonky2/` specifically, also run the local -sweep + coverage gate **before** opening / updating the PR — the -cyclic-recursion sweep is not in CI yet (decision tracked in [issue #50](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/issues/50)): - -```bash -cd program-plonky2 -cargo test --release --lib -- --test-threads=1 -cargo llvm-cov --release --fail-under-lines 100 -- --test-threads=1 -``` - -After push, poll CI until it goes green; if red, investigate and -fix — never abandon a red CI run. - -### Branch hygiene - -- No force-pushes, even to side branches. -- No `--no-verify` on commits. -- No squashing by the agent — the maintainer squashes at merge time if needed. -- Maintainers merge PRs; agents open them as drafts. -- Doc-only commits to `ROADMAP.md` / `SPEC.md` / `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` - / `CONTRIBUTING.md` / `program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md` that just - correct or extend these files are not individually listed in - `ROADMAP.md` "Done" — they're in `git log`. - -### Where to put new knowledge - -When you discover a new gotcha or take a new decision, the right home is: - -| Type of knowledge | Where | -| --- | --- | -| Protocol-level fact (circuit invariant, public-input change) | `SPEC.md` | -| Why we chose / didn't choose something | `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5 or §7 | -| New status / step / risk | `ROADMAP.md` | -| Toolchain or workflow detail for the migration crate | `program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md` | -| Cross-cutting invariant for the whole project | This section | - -Don't duplicate prose across files — the second copy will drift. -Link from one to the other. - -### Common foot-guns (already encountered) - -Condensed pointers into [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) §7: - -1. Don't seed `DEFAULT_HASHES[TREE_DEPTH]` with `ZERO_HASH` in - Poseidon SMTs — structural collision (§7.1). -2. `pw.set_target(t, v)` returns `Result` in plonky2 1.x — must - handle (§7.3). -3. Pack 7 bytes per Goldilocks element, never 8 — modulus safety (§7.4). -4. Defensive bounds checks: use `Option::get().copied().unwrap_or(...)`, - not explicit `if/else` — keeps coverage at 100% (§7.9). -5. Every `#[cfg(test)] mod tests` needs `#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]` (§7.10). -6. No external GPU / cloud assumption in performance plans — single - Mac Studio M3 Ultra (§7.11). -7. Kill orphan `cargo test` binaries after long circuit-test runs — - they leak 30+ GB of swap (§7.6). -8. `gh` in background tasks needs `--repo /` (§7.7). - ---- - ## Quick Start ```bash @@ -341,177 +29,60 @@ USERNAME_DOMAIN=test.zkcoins.local cargo run -p node # Node starts on http://0.0.0.0:4242 ``` -## Local Development with Postgres - -The Postgres state-layer added in PR-A1 expects a running PostgreSQL -instance to be reachable at `DATABASE_URL`. The module is not wired -into the bootstrap yet (PR-A2 + PR-A3 land that), so you can develop -without it — but to run the `db_tests` locally you do need either -Docker available (the tests spin up a Postgres 17 container via -`testcontainers-modules`) or a manually-started Postgres. - -Manual Postgres for ad-hoc query work: - -```bash -docker run --name zkcoins-pg \ - -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=dev \ - -p 5432:5432 \ - -d postgres:17 -export DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:dev@localhost:5432/postgres - -# Apply the migrations against the running instance: -cargo install sqlx-cli --no-default-features --features rustls,postgres -cd node -sqlx migrate run -``` - -Run the `db_tests` (Docker required, one long-lived `postgres:17` -container is reused across the whole run via testcontainers -`ReuseDirective::Always` — see `node/src/test_db.rs`): - -```bash -cargo test -p node db -- --test-threads=8 -``` +## Prerequisites -Each test gets its own UUID-named Postgres schema inside the shared -container, and a cross-process file lock around the -attach-or-create call serialises the testcontainers daemon round- -trip across parallel `cargo nextest` test binaries (issue #181 -Opt A + Opt B). The shared container survives the run; tear it -down explicitly with `docker rm -f zkcoins-test-shared-pg` if you -need a clean slate. - -The schema lives in `node/migrations/0001_initial.sql`. After -changing it, drop the local database (`docker rm -f zkcoins-pg`) and -re-run `sqlx migrate run` against a fresh instance — there is no -`down` migration in the MVP, the migration set is forward-only. - -R2-probe results land in `r2_probe_runs` (+ `r2_probe_hosts` / -`r2_probe_warm_calls`) added by migration `0013_r2_probe_results.sql`. -The `r2_probe_runs_summary` view drives `GET -/api/admin/r2-probe/history`; the `probe_r2` binary writes via -`--persist` when `DATABASE_URL` is set. See `node/src/r2_probe.rs` -for the persistence module and the schema rationale. +| Tool | Version | Purpose | +|---|---|---| +| Rust | nightly (pinned via `rust-toolchain`) | Required for Plonky2 (`feature(specialization)`) | +| Docker | any recent | `db_tests` spin up a `postgres:17` testcontainer | +| Bitcoin node | — | Blockchain scanning (or use an Esplora-compatible API) | ## Setup -After cloning, enable the repo's pre-push hook. The hook runs `cargo -fmt --check`, `cargo clippy` (all three feature scopes), and `cargo -check --workspace --all-features` — fast enough that it stays out of -the way (< 30 s warm, < 2 min cold) while still flagging lint and -type regressions before they reach a CI runner. +Enable the repo's pre-push hook. It runs `cargo fmt --check`, `cargo clippy` +(all three feature scopes), and `cargo check --workspace --all-features` — +fast enough to stay out of the way (< 30 s warm) while catching lint and type +regressions before they reach CI. ```bash git config core.hooksPath .githooks ``` -The authoritative test + coverage gate runs in CI on a self-hosted -M3 Ultra runner pool (issue #40, `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`), not -in this hook. CI takes 60-90 min for a Rust change but does not -block your terminal — you push, you keep working, the pool reports -back via PR check status. - -Wall budgets on warm cache: +The authoritative test + coverage gate runs in CI on a self-hosted M3 Ultra +runner pool, not in this hook (see [CI/CD](#cicd)). You can bypass the hook with +`git push --no-verify` in genuine emergencies — CI is the real gate. -| Stage | Wall | Where | -|--------------------------------|-----------|-----------| -| Pre-push hook (lint + check) | < 30 s | local | -| Node + shared tests | 60-90 min | CI runner | -| Coverage gate (100% scope) | + 60 min | CI runner | +### Local development with Postgres -When preparing a release PR to `main`, run the circuit sweep manually -— only the `node` + `shared` test sweep is gated in CI (decision -on the cyclic sweep is tracked in [issue #50](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/issues/50)): +The state layer expects a PostgreSQL instance reachable at `DATABASE_URL`. For +ad-hoc work: ```bash -cargo test -p zkcoins-program-plonky2 --release --lib -- --test-threads=1 -``` - -You can bypass the hook with `git push --no-verify` in genuine -emergencies. CI is the real gate, so a bypassed lint failure surfaces -at the PR check level instead — and `develop` must be 100% green -before any main-merge. - -## Prerequisites - -| Tool | Version | Purpose | -|---|---|---| -| Rust | nightly (pinned via `rust-toolchain`) | Required for Plonky2 (`feature(specialization)`) | -| Bitcoin node | — | Required for blockchain scanning (or use Esplora API) | - -## Project Structure +docker run --name zkcoins-pg -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=dev -p 5432:5432 -d postgres:17 +export DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:dev@localhost:5432/postgres +# Apply migrations: +cargo install sqlx-cli --no-default-features --features rustls,postgres +cd node && sqlx migrate run ``` -node/ -├── node/ # Axum REST API -│ └── src/ -│ ├── main.rs # Entry point, chain scanner, bind address -│ ├── router.rs # REST endpoints (mint, send, balance, proof) + utoipa annotations -│ ├── openapi.rs # OpenAPI 3.x spec assembly + /docs Swagger UI handlers -│ ├── account_node.rs # Account management, coin proofs, prover calls -│ ├── state.rs # Sparse Merkle Tree + Merkle Mountain Range -│ ├── scanner.rs # Bitcoin block scanner (Taproot Inscriptions) -│ ├── scanner_ws.rs # Esplora WebSocket subscriber (event-driven, issue #84) -│ └── publisher.rs # Inscription broadcaster (commit/reveal, prefix 4242) -├── shared/ # Shared types (Commitment, Invoice, ClientAccount) -│ └── src/ -│ ├── lib.rs # Types, key derivation, crypto helpers -│ └── commitment.rs # Schnorr commitment (sign + verify) -├── program-plonky2/ # Plonky2 + Poseidon cyclic-recursion state-transition circuit -│ └── src/ -│ ├── lib.rs # Prelude: F, C, D type aliases -│ ├── hash.rs # Poseidon HashDigest + byte conversions -│ ├── types.rs # AccountState, Coin, ProofData, MINTING_ADDRESS placeholder -│ ├── inputs.rs # ProgramInputs, CommitmentMerkleProofs -│ ├── merkle/ # Poseidon-based SMT + MMR -│ └── circuit/ # build_circuit + per-stage gadgets + aggregator -├── script-plonky2/ # Host-side Plonky2 prover wrapper (zkcoins-prover-plonky2) -│ └── src/lib.rs # Prover struct: prove_initial / prove_account_update -├── Cargo.toml # Workspace root (nightly toolchain, no SP1 patches) -├── Dockerfile # Multi-stage Rust build (linux/arm64, FEATURES build-arg) -└── rust-toolchain # Pinned nightly date (matches program-plonky2) -``` - -## Git Workflow - -### Branches -| Branch | Purpose | Deploy target | -|---|---|---| -| `staging` | Integration buffer — feature PRs land here first | none | -| `develop` | Active development, promoted from `staging` in batches | DEV node | -| `main` | Production releases, promoted from `develop` | PRD node | - -- **Open feature PRs against `staging`** (not `develop`) — `staging` is the integration buffer where multiple feature branches accumulate before being batched into a single `develop` promotion. This keeps `develop` clean for DEV-deploy churn and gives reviewers a smaller blast radius per merge. -- **`develop` and `main` are protected** — direct pushes are rejected. `develop` accepts only the auto-PR from `staging`; `main` accepts only the auto-PR from `develop`. Hotfixes still go through `staging` so the same review path applies. -- **`develop` is auto-PR'd from `staging`** by `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` whenever new commits land on `staging`. Merge that PR to promote the batch to DEV. The Promote PR is created with the `ci:full` label applied automatically, so every promotion to `develop` is validated against the full M3 Ultra test + coverage gate. -- **`main` is auto-PR'd from `develop`** by `auto-release-pr.yaml` (with `ci:full` applied automatically). Merge to release to PRD. -- Never force-push, never amend. - -### Commit Messages - -English, concise, *what* not *how*: - -``` -# Good -Bind to 0.0.0.0 instead of 127.0.0.1 for Docker access -Decouple node from SP1: optional zkvm feature, stub prover -Add rand features to bitcoin dependency +The `db_tests` spin up their own `postgres:17` container via +`testcontainers-modules`; each test gets a UUID-named schema inside one shared, +reused container. The schema lives in `node/migrations/*.sql` and is +forward-only (no `down` migrations in the MVP). -# Bad -fix build -wip -update +```bash +cargo test -p node db -- --test-threads=8 ``` -## Code Style +## Code style ### Rust -- **Edition 2021**, `opt-level = 3` for dev (heavy crypto) -- **`cargo fmt`** before every commit -- **`cargo clippy`** — treat warnings as errors -- **No `unwrap()` in production paths** — use `?` or `expect("descriptive message")` +- **Edition 2021**, `opt-level = 3` for dev (heavy crypto). +- **`cargo fmt`** before every commit. +- **`cargo clippy`** — treat warnings as errors. +- **No `unwrap()` in production paths** — use `?` or `expect("descriptive message")`. - **No `println!`** — use `tracing::info!`, `tracing::warn!`, etc. ### Naming @@ -524,7 +95,7 @@ update | Function | snake_case | `process_block`, `send_coins` | | Constant | SCREAMING_SNAKE | `ACCOUNT_NODE_ADDR` | -### Error Handling +### Error handling ```rust // Good — propagate with context @@ -536,401 +107,173 @@ let block = fetch_block(hash).unwrap(); ### Dependencies -- Workspace dependencies in root `Cargo.toml` — individual crates reference `{ workspace = true }` -- Pin exact versions for security-critical crates (`bitcoin`, `sha2`) -- `plonky2 = "1.1.0"` from crates.io; no `[patch.crates-io]` entries - -## Architecture - -### Request Flow +- Workspace dependencies in root `Cargo.toml`; individual crates reference `{ workspace = true }`. +- Pin exact versions for security-critical crates (`bitcoin`, `sha2`). +- `plonky2 = "1.1.0"` from crates.io; no `[patch.crates-io]` entries. -``` -Client Request → Axum Router → router.rs (endpoint) - │ - ├── reads: /api/balance, /api/proof/:id, /api/jobs/:id, ... - │ → account_node.rs / db.rs lookup → JSON - │ - └── writes: /api/jobs/mint, /api/jobs/send, /api/jobs/:id/commit - → JobStore::create (admit) - → mpsc::Sender (enqueue) - → 202 Accepted (response returns to wallet) - - ╭─ background ──────────────────────────────────────────╮ - │ job_dispatcher::spawn (single worker) │ - │ ▸ recv envelope │ - │ ▸ load Job from JobStore │ - │ ▸ flow::{mint_flow,send_flow,commit_flow} │ - │ ├── account_node.rs (prove via spawn_blocking) │ - │ ├── state.rs (SMT + MMR) │ - │ └── publisher.rs (Bitcoin broadcast) │ - │ ▸ JobStore::{set_status, set_awaiting_signature, │ - │ complete, fail} │ - ╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ -``` - -### Job-API lifecycle - -Routes that touch the prover or the publisher (`/api/jobs/mint`, `/api/jobs/send`, `/api/jobs/:id/commit`) never run synchronously. The wallet admits a job, polls `GET /api/jobs/:id` until the status transitions to a terminal value, and consumes the cached response body on success. - -**States** (CHECK-enforced in `migrations/0014_jobs.sql`): - -| Status | Reached by | Next | -|---|---|---| -| `queued` | admit handler INSERT | dispatcher recv → `proving` | -| `proving` | dispatcher pre-flight | mint: `broadcasting`. send: `awaiting_signature` | -| `awaiting_signature` | dispatcher after prove (send only) | `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` → `broadcasting`. Timeout (10 min) → `failed` | -| `broadcasting` | dispatcher post-signature | publisher Ok → `completed`. Err → `failed` | -| `completed` | dispatcher | terminal — `response_body` + `response_status` cached for idempotent replay | -| `failed` | dispatcher (any error) | terminal — `error` message surfaced to wallet | -| `cancelled` | `POST /api/jobs/:id/cancel` while `queued` | terminal | - -**Idempotency.** Every admit MUST carry `Idempotency-Key`. The partial unique index `jobs_idempotency_idx` on `(account_address, idempotency_key)` collapses retries onto the original row. If the original row is already `completed`, the second admit replies with the cached body verbatim (Stripe pattern) — no second prove ever runs. +### No polling — events only -**Polling cadence.** Non-terminal `GET /api/jobs/:id` responses carry `Retry-After: 2`. Wallet should back off to ~2 s polls; faster polling does not deliver results sooner because the dispatcher publishes status transitions at known waypoints, not in real time. +Bitcoin / Esplora signals on the node's hot path are **subscribed to, never +polled**. The scanner consumes block events from the Esplora-compatible +WebSocket stream (`scanner_ws.rs`, `ESPLORA_WS_URL`); the publisher broadcasts +commit and reveal transactions back-to-back and never sleeps or polls between +them. (History: a 30-s tip-poll once gated `/api/mint` and `/api/send` +visibility by up to a full block-time — issue [#84](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/issues/84).) -**SSE push channel (PR2).** Wallets that want push updates without the ~2 s poll tax open `GET /api/jobs/:id/stream`. The server emits an initial `event: phase` (or `event: complete` for already-terminal jobs) with the current snapshot, then forwards every dispatcher phase transition as `event: phase` until a terminal status fires `event: complete` and closes the stream. A `: heartbeat` SSE comment every 25 s keeps the stream alive through Cloudflare Tunnel's ~100 s idle drop. SSE is additive: when the wallet cannot open the stream (corporate proxy stripping `text/event-stream`, sandbox without `EventSource`, …) it falls back to the existing 2 s poll. Internally the dispatcher publishes events on a per-job `tokio::sync::broadcast::Sender` held inside the `JobNotifier` entry of `job_notify_map`; the SSE handler subscribes a fresh `broadcast::Receiver` per open stream. +CI enforces this with a `grep` step in the `Lint & Build` job +(`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`): -**Crash recovery.** `runtime::boot_resume_jobs` runs before the listener serves. Rows in `queued / proving / broadcasting` are marked `failed` (in-process prove state lost, signed timestamp window expired). Rows in `awaiting_signature` get a fresh `Notify` channel + are handed back to the dispatcher to park on. The wallet's next poll observes the terminal status either way. +```bash +grep -rEn 'tokio::time::(sleep|sleep_until|interval)|std::thread::sleep' \ + node/src/scanner.rs node/src/scanner_runtime.rs node/src/scanner_ws.rs \ + node/src/scanner_ws_parse.rs node/src/publisher.rs \ + | grep -v 'scanner-polling-ok:' +``` -**Single dispatcher worker.** Plonky2's Rayon worker pool already saturates every available CPU core during a prove; running two proves in parallel would only thrash cache. The mpsc channel becomes the queue and the natural happens-before of channel ordering becomes the schedule. Queue depth equals user-observable latency. +Any match without a `scanner-polling-ok:` comment marker on the same line fails +the build. The marker is the documented per-line opt-out for genuinely justified +exceptions (today: the WS-reconnect backoff in `scanner_ws` and the bounded +HTTP-retry sleep in `scanner_runtime`); the same line must carry a comment +explaining why this particular sleep is not a chain-tip poll. -See also: `node/src/job_store.rs` (state-layer API), `node/src/job_dispatcher.rs` (worker loop), `node/src/flow.rs` (mint/send/commit bodies — coverage-excluded), `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.27 (architectural rationale). +### Hardware target -### Key Patterns +The node targets a single **Mac Studio M3 Ultra** (96 GB unified RAM): all +on-box compute (P/E cores, Apple GPU via Metal, Neural Engine, AMX), **no +external GPU/CUDA, no cloud proving services**. Performance budget: warm proof +≤ 5 s (target ≤ 1 s), cold-start ≤ 30 s, memory peak < 64 GB. If a design +overshoots the budget, the design changes — we do not add external hardware. -**Thread-safe state:** All shared state is `Arc>`. The node acquires a lock, reads/writes, releases. +## Project structure -**Account model:** Each account is `Address → Account` in a HashMap: -```rust -struct Account { - proof: Option, - coin_queue: Vec, - coin_history: SparseMerkleTree, - balance: u64, -} +``` +node/ +├── node/ # Axum REST API (router, account_node, state, scanner, publisher) +├── shared/ # Shared types (Commitment, Invoice, ClientAccount) +├── program-plonky2/ # Plonky2 + Poseidon cyclic-recursion state-transition circuit +│ └── CONTRIBUTING.md # Toolchain/build/test/coverage handoff for the circuit crate +├── script-plonky2/ # Host-side Plonky2 prover wrapper (zkcoins-prover-plonky2) +├── Cargo.toml # Workspace root (nightly toolchain) +├── Dockerfile # Multi-stage Rust build (linux/arm64, FEATURES build-arg) +└── rust-toolchain # Pinned nightly date ``` -**Prover:** `zkcoins_prover_plonky2::Prover` (in `script-plonky2/src/lib.rs`) -wraps the cyclic state-transition circuit. `Prover::new()` builds the -circuit once; `prove_initial` / `prove_account_update` (with their -`_with_in_coins` / `_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources` variants) drive -individual transitions. No mock/stub backend — the only build is the -Plonky2 prover. - -### Bitcoin Integration - -The node continuously scans the Bitcoin blockchain: - -1. `scanner_ws.rs` subscribes to the mempool.space-compatible WebSocket - (`ESPLORA_WS_URL`) and pushes block events into a channel; no - chain-tip polling (issue #84, see "No polling — events only" above) -2. `scanner_runtime.rs` drains the channel and hands each block to - `scanner.rs`, which filters transactions by prefix `4242` in the - Taproot witness -3. Deserializes `Commitment` structs (Schnorr-signed) -4. `state.rs` inserts valid commitments into SMT, appends to MMR - -The publisher (`publisher.rs`) creates Taproot Inscriptions: -- Commit/reveal pattern (two transactions) -- Data split into 520-byte chunks (max push size) -- Broadcasts via Esplora REST: commit and reveal POSTs run back to - back with no inter-tx wait. Sequencing is provided by bitcoind's - local-mempool accept (node, electrs, bitcoind share the Docker - `bitcoin` network), not by a WS `track-tx` subscription. - -### Plonky2 State-Transition Circuit - -The `program-plonky2/` crate defines the Zero-Knowledge proof logic. -The full SPEC §8 predicate (cyclic recursion, MMR + SMT inclusion, -in-coin source-side aggregator pattern from Stage 5d-next-5, out-coin -identifier derivation, pubkey rotation) lives in `circuit/main.rs`. -`MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`. See -[`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721) -for the architecture writeup and `program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md` -for the historical pickup record. +When working inside `program-plonky2/`, read +[`program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md`](./program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md) for the +crate's toolchain, coverage gate, and gadget-authoring pattern. Protocol-level +context lives in the spec at [docs.zkcoins.app/specification](https://docs.zkcoins.app/specification). ## REST API & OpenAPI -The HTTP surface is documented by an OpenAPI 3.x spec **generated at -compile time** from `#[utoipa::path]` annotations on the handlers and -`#[derive(ToSchema)]` impls on the request / response types. There is -no separately maintained YAML or JSON — drift between the wire -contract and the documentation is structurally impossible because the -same Rust type drives both `serde` and the schema. +The HTTP surface is documented by an OpenAPI 3.x spec **generated at compile +time** from `#[utoipa::path]` annotations and `#[derive(ToSchema)]` impls — there +is no separately maintained YAML/JSON, so the wire contract and the docs cannot +drift. The spec is served at `GET /openapi.json` and rendered with bundled +Swagger UI at `GET /docs` (assets vendored, zero-CDN). -### Exposed routes +Adding an endpoint: -| Route | Tag | Notes | -|---|---|---| -| `GET /` | Node | Service identification + endpoint map. | -| `GET /health` | Health | Liveness probe (`"ok"` plain text). | -| `GET /health/ready` | Health | Readiness probe (DB + Esplora + prover-warm gate). | -| `GET /health/publisher` | Health | Publisher UTXO state. | -| `GET /api/info` | Node | Network + per-build capability flags. | -| `GET /api/balance` | Accounts | Balance lookup (per-address read). | -| `GET /api/history` | Accounts | Paginated per-address history (issue #153). | -| `POST /api/send` | Coins | Sender-side proof construction. | -| `POST /api/receive` | Coins | Recipient-side coin acceptance. | -| `POST /api/commit` | Coins | Broadcast + state advance (post-`/api/send`). | -| `POST /api/mint` | Coins | Mint inscription (operator-funded). | -| `GET /api/proof/{id}` | Coins | Look up a previously generated `CoinProof`. | -| `GET /api/inscriptions/{txid}` | Inscriptions | Inscription metadata. | -| `GET /api/username/resolve/{username}` | Usernames | Username → address (always-on). | -| `GET /api/address` | Accounts | All known addresses. **`address-list` feature.** | -| `POST /api/username/claim` | Usernames | First-claim wins. **`username-claim` feature.** | -| `GET /.well-known/lnurlp/{username}` | LNURL | LNURL-pay metadata. **`lnurl` feature.** | -| `GET /lnurl/pay/{username}` | LNURL | LNURL-pay callback. **`lnurl` feature.** | - -The spec is served at `GET /openapi.json` and rendered with bundled -Swagger UI at `GET /docs` (assets vendored into the binary — -zero-CDN, works behind any reverse proxy that preserves path order). - -The following routes are **intentionally excluded** from the spec -because they document the spec itself or expose operator-only debug -data: `GET /openapi.json`, `GET /docs`, `GET /docs/{file}`, and -`GET /api/admin/r2-probe/history`. If you add another admin route -under `/api/admin/*`, keep it out of `paths(...)` for the same -reason. - -### Adding a new endpoint - -1. **Annotate the handler** in `node/src/router.rs` with - `#[utoipa::path(...)]`. Set `tag` to the same tag used by sibling - endpoints (`Node`, `Health`, `Accounts`, `Coins`, `Inscriptions`, - `Usernames`, `LNURL`). Enumerate every status code the handler can - return and bind it to the matching response schema. Bump the - handler's visibility to `pub(crate)` — utoipa needs to reference - it from `openapi.rs`. - -2. **Derive `ToSchema`** on every request / response struct the - handler exposes: - ```rust - #[derive(Serialize, ToSchema)] - pub struct MyResponse { … } - ``` - Foreign types like `bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey` cannot derive - `ToSchema` (orphan rule); override the schema at the use site with - `#[schema(value_type = String, example = "02a34b…")]` so the spec - describes the hex-encoded wire form. - -3. **Register** the handler under `paths(...)` and every new schema - under `components(schemas(...))` in `node/src/openapi.rs`. For - feature-gated handlers, use the conditional sub-doc pattern - (`AddressListDoc`, `UsernameClaimDoc`, `LnurlDoc`) so the spec - describes exactly the routes the running binary exposes. - -4. **Extend the smoke test.** Add the new path to - `spec_lists_every_always_on_route` in - `node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs`, and any wire-critical schema to - `spec_registers_critical_schemas`. The smoke suite is - network-free (it calls `openapi_json()` directly) and runs on - every PR CI job — drift on the wire contract fails fast. - -5. **Update this table** so contributors discover the endpoint - without scraping `router.rs`. - -### Drift guards - -- `info_response_carries_username_domain` — the field that motivated - the move off the previous Zod-driven mirror; a regression here - would resurface that exact incident. -- `spec_has_no_hardcoded_servers_block` — the spec must apply to the - host that served it, so each self-hoster's node advertises its own - URL instead of pointing every wallet at the hosted DFX deployments. -- `docs_html_*` — the bundled Swagger UI must load only same-origin - `/docs/...` assets and never reach for an external CDN. - -## Environment Variables - -The node reads its configuration exclusively from environment variables; -no `.env` file is loaded by the process. The table below covers every -variable the node actually reads (`node/src/lib.rs`, `runtime.rs`, -`scanner_ws.rs`, `publisher.rs`). Required variables panic the bootstrap -on startup if unset — there is no silent fallback. +1. Annotate the handler in `node/src/router.rs` with `#[utoipa::path(...)]`; reuse + the sibling endpoints' `tag`; enumerate every status code and bind it to a + response schema; bump visibility to `pub(crate)`. +2. Derive `ToSchema` on every request/response struct. For foreign types + (`bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey`, …) override at the use site with + `#[schema(value_type = String, example = "02a34b…")]`. +3. Register the handler under `paths(...)` and new schemas under + `components(schemas(...))` in `node/src/openapi.rs`. +4. Extend the network-free smoke test in `node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs` + (`spec_lists_every_always_on_route`, `spec_registers_critical_schemas`) — it + runs on every PR and fails fast on wire-contract drift. -| Variable | Default | Description | -|---|---|---| -| `DATABASE_URL` | _(required, no default)_ | Postgres connection string for the state-layer (e.g. `postgresql://zkcoins:@postgres:5432/zkcoins`). Node panics on startup if unset. | -| `PUBLISHER_KEY` | _(required, no default)_ | 32-byte hex private key for Taproot inscription publishing. **Required on every network — DEV, signet, and mainnet.** No fallback default exists: the previous `1234…` placeholder was a publicly-known test key that drainer bots swept within minutes of any on-chain top-up (4 historical drains confirmed). Node panics on startup if unset. Generate locally via `openssl rand -hex 32`. In any deployed environment, source it from your secret manager — **never commit a real key**. | -| `USERNAME_DOMAIN` | _(required, no default)_ | External hostname returned by `/api/info`; node panics on startup if unset (see PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36) for the regression that introduced the global panic hook). | -| `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` | _(required, no default for the DB container)_ | Read by the Postgres container, not by the node process itself; the node's `DATABASE_URL` already embeds the password. Listed here because it is part of the local-dev bootstrap (see `Local Development with Postgres` below). | -| `IS_MAINNET` | _(required, no default)_ | Exact string `true` or `false`; any other value panics. Truthy values like `1`, `TRUE`, `yes` are rejected to prevent silent misconfiguration. | -| `ESPLORA_URL` | _(required, no default)_ | HTTP Esplora endpoint (electrs or public-compatible) for the chain this stage serves. Empty string is treated as unset and panics. | -| `ESPLORA_WS_URL` | _(required, no default)_ | Esplora-compatible WebSocket endpoint consumed by `scanner_ws` (issue #84). Empty string is treated as unset and panics. Previous Mutinynet default was removed because it coupled the deploy to a public third-party host. | -| `NETWORK_NAME` | `Mutinynet` / `Mainnet` | Human-readable name returned by `/api/info`. Derived from `IS_MAINNET` if unset. Purely cosmetic — no behavioural effect. | -| `PROOFS_DIR` | `./proofs` | Directory for per-proof bincode files (see `Persistent State` below). | -| `SCANNER_INITIAL_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS` | (runtime-defined) | Override for the scanner's initial-settle deadline; see `runtime.rs`. | -| `ZKCOINS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP_WARMUP` | `false` | When `1`/`true`, skip the background Plonky2 prover warmup task at startup. Sets `prover_warm = true` immediately so `/health/ready` returns 200 the moment the listener binds. Set in the runtime smoke tests so pre-push wall stays bounded; production deploys leave it unset. See **Bootstrap timing** below. | -| `RUST_LOG` | `info` | Log level (`debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`). | - -### Bootstrap timing - -The node bootstraps the HTTP listener and the Plonky2 prover in a -specific sequence so the API is reachable as quickly as possible: - -1. `~0.1 s` — `TcpListener::bind` returns. `/health` (liveness) is now - 200. The listener accepts connections and `axum::serve` starts - draining them. -2. `~0.1 s` — `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` is launched with - `AccountNode::warmup_prover`, a synthetic discardable - `prove_initial` that wakes the Rayon worker pool and the AOT- - compiled Plonky2 evaluator caches. The task runs CPU-bound on a - blocking-pool thread so the tokio worker that owns `axum::serve` is - not starved. -3. `~21 s` — `warmup_prover` returns Ok. The background task flips - `prover_warm = true`. `/health/ready` now returns 200 with - `prover: ready`. - -While step 3 is in progress, `/health/ready` returns 503 with -`{"ready":false,"failures":["prover"],"status":"starting","prover":"warming"}`. -A load balancer (or Kuma monitor) keyed on the readiness endpoint -keeps traffic on the previous-generation pod through the warmup -window — the new pod's `/health` still returns 200 so the container -runtime does not restart it. - -A user request that lands BEFORE the warmup completes still serves -correctly — it just pays the ~7 s cold-prove tax instead of the -steady-state ~5 s p50. The trade-off vs. the previous synchronous -shape (PR #147, closed): API offline time per deploy stays ~0.1 s -instead of ~21 s; the cold-tax shifts from the first -post-deploy user request to whichever request arrives during the -warmup window. - -Empirical numbers (DEV-host R2 probe, 2026-05-31): - -| Stage | Wall (ms) | Notes | -|---|---|---| -| `circuit_build_wall_ms` | 14214 | `Prover::new()` — paid by `load_from_pg` BEFORE the listener binds. | -| `prove_cold_wall_ms` | 7012 | First prove call after build — what the background warmup pays. | -| `prove_warm p50` | 4777 | Steady state — every request after the warmup task flips the flag. | +## Environment variables -Set `ZKCOINS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP_WARMUP=1` to skip the warmup task entirely. -Used by the runtime smoke tests in `runtime_tests.rs`; production -deploys leave it unset. +The node reads configuration **exclusively from environment variables** (no +`.env` is loaded). Required variables panic the bootstrap on startup if unset — +there is no silent fallback. -### Minimal local-dev env - -All chain-shaping vars are required — there are no defaults. Set them -explicitly, even for local dev: +| Variable | Default | Description | +|---|---|---| +| `DATABASE_URL` | _(required)_ | Postgres connection string for the state layer. | +| `PUBLISHER_KEY` | _(required)_ | 32-byte hex private key for Taproot inscription publishing. Required on every network. **Never commit a real key**; generate via `openssl rand -hex 32`, source deployed values from a secret manager. | +| `USERNAME_DOMAIN` | _(required)_ | External hostname returned by `/api/info`. | +| `IS_MAINNET` | _(required)_ | Exact string `true` or `false`; any other value panics. | +| `ESPLORA_URL` | _(required)_ | HTTP Esplora endpoint (electrs or compatible). | +| `ESPLORA_WS_URL` | _(required)_ | Esplora-compatible WebSocket endpoint consumed by `scanner_ws` (issue #84). | +| `NETWORK_NAME` | derived | Human-readable name returned by `/api/info`. Cosmetic. | +| `PROOFS_DIR` | `./proofs` | Directory for per-proof bincode files. | +| `ZKCOINS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP_WARMUP` | `false` | When `1`/`true`, skip the Plonky2 prover warmup so `/health/ready` returns 200 immediately. Used by smoke tests; leave unset in production. | +| `RUST_LOG` | `info` | Log level. | ```bash export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://postgres:dev@localhost:5432/postgres" export PUBLISHER_KEY="$(openssl rand -hex 32)" export USERNAME_DOMAIN="test.zkcoins.local" export IS_MAINNET="false" -export ESPLORA_URL="http://localhost:3000" # your local electrs -export ESPLORA_WS_URL="ws://localhost:8999/api/v1/ws" # your local mempool/backend, or any Esplora-compatible WS +export ESPLORA_URL="http://localhost:3000" +export ESPLORA_WS_URL="ws://localhost:8999/api/v1/ws" cargo run -p node ``` -For any deployed environment, the real values live in your secret manager -of choice and are passed into the node container as env vars at startup. - ## Docker ```bash docker build -t zkcoins/node . -docker run -p 4242:4242 \ - --network bitcoin \ +docker run -p 4242:4242 --network bitcoin \ -e ESPLORA_URL=http://electrs-mainnet:3000 \ -e USERNAME_DOMAIN=zkcoins.app \ zkcoins/node ``` -Docker builds use nightly Rust auto-installed via the workspace `rust-toolchain` — no Succinct toolchain, no zkVM target. +Docker builds use nightly Rust auto-installed via the workspace `rust-toolchain` +— no Succinct toolchain, no zkVM target. The node connects to Bitcoin Core with +an Esplora-compatible indexer (electrs) over the shared Docker network `bitcoin`; +the underlying bitcoind needs `txindex=1`, `rest=1`, `server=1`. -## Persistent State +## Git workflow -After the PR-A1/PR-A2/PR-A3 Postgres migration series, all persistent node state lives in a Postgres 17 database (`DATABASE_URL` env var). The only on-disk state remaining is the per-proof file store. The state-layer schema (`node/migrations/*.sql`) is applied idempotently on every boot by `db::connect_and_migrate`. +### Branches -| Location | Format | Purpose | -| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -| `smt_state` row (singleton, `id = 1`) | bincode `SparseMerkleTree` in a `BYTEA` column | Sparse Merkle Tree of every commitment ever processed (key = sha256(public_key), leaf = account_state_hash). | -| `mmr_state` row (singleton, `id = 1`) | bincode `MerkleMountainRange` in a `BYTEA` column | Append-only Merkle Mountain Range of `hash(smt_root ‖ prev_mmr_root)` leaves; one entry per processed commitment. | -| `latest_block` row (singleton, `id = 1`) | 32-byte block hash in a `BYTEA` column | Last Bitcoin block whose inscriptions were fully processed and persisted. Scanner resumes from `latest_block + 1` after a restart. Written in the same `BEGIN; UPSERT; UPSERT; UPSERT; COMMIT` transaction as the SMT and MMR (issue #11 fix). | -| `accounts` table (one row per address) | 32-byte `address` PRIMARY KEY + bincode `Account` `BYTEA` | Node-side account ledger — per-address balance, coin_queue, coin_history (SMT), and latest proof. Includes the minting account. Upserted per mutation by the send / receive / mint handlers. | -| `usernames` table (one row per name) | `TEXT` name PRIMARY KEY + 32-byte `address` `BYTEA` | Bidirectional map of claimed usernames ↔ addresses. Race-free claims via `INSERT … ON CONFLICT (name) DO NOTHING`. Always present — usernames are permanent MVP. | -| `minting_meta` row (singleton, `id = 1`) | `BIGINT` num_pubkeys | Counter of how many mint commitments have been issued; **must** survive restart, otherwise the next mint sends a stale `prev_commitment_pubkey` and `send_coins` returns `prev_commitment_pubkey required for account update`. Always present — mint is permanent MVP. | -| `proofs/.bin` (on-disk file) | bincode `CoinProof` | Individual per-send proof + commitment, indexed by `proof_id`. Append-only. **Not** in Postgres because the per-proof blobs are large Plonky2 proof bytes and the directory layout makes recovery trivial. Path configurable via `PROOFS_DIR` (default `./proofs`). | +| Branch | Purpose | Deploy target | +|---|---|---| +| `staging` | Integration buffer — feature PRs land here first | none | +| `develop` | Active development, promoted from `staging` in batches | DEV node | +| `main` | Production releases, promoted from `develop` | PRD node | -Writes are atomic at the row / transaction level (`ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE` for singleton rows, the BEGIN/COMMIT block in `db::persist_state_tx` for the SMT/MMR/latest-block trio). Per-proof file writes still use a write-to-temp + rename pattern inside `ProofStore::persist_proof_bytes`. The pre-migration `smt.bin` / `mmr.bin` / `latest_block.bin` / `accounts.bin` / `usernames.bin` / `minting_num_pubkeys.bin` sibling files no longer exist, and the previous `main.rs::atomic_write` helper has been removed. +- **Open feature PRs against `staging`** by default — it is the integration buffer where feature branches accumulate before being batched into a single `develop` promotion. (Repo-hygiene/cleanup PRs that target develop-only files may go directly to `develop`; note the reason in the PR body.) +- **`develop` and `main` are protected** — no direct pushes, no force-pushes, no deletions. `develop` is auto-PR'd from `staging` (`auto-release-pr-staging.yaml`, `ci:full` applied); `main` is auto-PR'd from `develop` (`auto-release-pr.yaml`). +- **Maintainers merge PRs; agents open them as drafts.** Never force-push, never amend, never `--no-verify` on a real change. -### DEV state recovery +### Commit messages -If the DEV node gets into a bad state (panic loop, mint failures with `prev_commitment_pubkey required`, balance never rising after a successful mint, etc.), the recovery procedure is to truncate the Postgres state-layer tables (and drop the on-disk proofs directory): +English, concise, *what* not *how*: -```bash -# On the host running the node (DEV or PRD): -docker stop zkcoins-node -# Truncate every state-layer table. _sqlx_migrations is intentionally -# left in place so connect_and_migrate skips re-applying the schema. -docker exec -i zkcoins-postgres psql -U zkcoins -d zkcoins -c \ - 'TRUNCATE accounts, usernames, smt_state, mmr_state, latest_block, minting_meta;' -# Drop the per-proof files (proof_id state resets at next boot). -docker run --rm -v zkcoins_node-data:/data alpine sh -c 'rm -rf /data/proofs' -docker start zkcoins-node ``` +# Good +Bind to 0.0.0.0 instead of 127.0.0.1 for Docker access +Decouple node from SP1: optional zkvm feature, stub prover -The node starts from genesis on next boot: `Loaded State from Postgres` (empty), `Loaded AccountNode from Postgres` (empty), `No saved block hash found, fetching latest from Esplora`. Past test wallets are abandoned on-chain (they're random) but the SMT is re-built from the chain tip onwards. This is **destructive** — never run it on PRD without a known-needed reason. - -The E2E regen workflow on the app repo wipes this state before every run as part of the per-PR cadence in `app/e2e/README.md § 11.3`. - -### Bitcoin Core - -The node needs Bitcoin Core with an Esplora-compatible indexer (electrs). In production, it connects via the shared Docker network `bitcoin` to `electrs-mainnet:3000` (DEV: `electrs-mutinynet:3000`). The underlying bitcoind requires: -- `txindex=1` -- `rest=1` -- `server=1` - -See [docs.zkcoins.app/infrastructure/backend](https://docs.zkcoins.app/infrastructure/backend) for full setup. +# Bad +fix build +wip +``` ## CI/CD | Workflow | Trigger | Action | |---|---|---| -| `ci.yaml` (Lint & Build) | Any ready PR, push to develop | `cargo fmt --check`, clippy (MVP + all-features + program lib), build (MVP + all-features) on `ubuntu-latest`. The default tier — runs on every ready PR regardless of label. | -| `ci.yaml` (Tests + Coverage Gate) | Ready PR with `ci:full` label, push to develop | Single heavy job on the self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool (issue #40): `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features … --fail-under-lines 100 --fail-under-functions 100 --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)'` — runs the full node + shared suite under llvm-cov instrumentation, producing test execution AND the 100% line + function coverage gate (MVP scope) in a single binary run. Parallel-safe after #181 Opt A + Opt B (per-test Postgres-schema isolation + cross-process file lock around the shared `postgres:17` container in `node/src/test_db.rs`). | -| `deploy-dev.yaml` | Push to develop | Docker build (ARM64) → push `zkcoins/node:beta` → deploy to DEV | -| `deploy-prd.yaml` | Push to main | Docker build (ARM64) → push `zkcoins/node:latest` → deploy to PRD | -| `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` | Push to staging | Creates Promote PR (staging → develop) with `ci:full` label | -| `auto-release-pr.yaml` | Push to develop | Creates Release PR (develop → main) with `ci:full` label | - -CI test gating is a **two-tier model**: - -- **Tier 1 — `Lint & Build`** (fast, GitHub-hosted, free) is the - default. It runs on every ready PR push and every `push to develop`, - with no label required. -- **Tier 2 — `Tests + Coverage Gate`** (the authoritative ~60-90 min - M3 Ultra job) is opt-in via the `ci:full` label. It is the full - node + shared nextest suite under llvm-cov, including the 100% line + - function coverage gate, the Postgres `db_tests`, and the - Plonky2-heavy prover flows — a single job, no narrower subset tier. - -**Draft PRs** skip every `ci.yaml` job — the workflow fires once the -PR is marked ready-for-review. - -Apply the `ci:full` label when the PR is in shape to run against the -authoritative gate; remove it before the next push to keep an M3 Ultra -agent free for other work. `Lint & Build` keeps running on every -ready-PR push regardless of the label. - -`push to develop` always runs the full gate — the post-merge run on -`develop` is the source of truth, and `deploy-dev.yaml` consumes its -result via the auto-release PR's check rollup. Both auto-promote PRs -(staging → develop and develop → main) are created with `ci:full` -applied automatically, so every promotion is validated against the -full gate. - -To stop a `ci:full` run that is already executing, removing the -`ci:full` label is *not* enough — the workflow isolates label events -into their own concurrency group so an unrelated label toggle doesn't -cancel an in-flight 60-min run. If you need to free an agent -immediately, use `gh run cancel ` (the run id is on the PR's -checks tab). - -Build time is ~5 minutes (Rust compilation on ARM64). +| `ci.yaml` — **Lint & Build** | Any ready PR, push to develop | `cargo fmt --check`, clippy (MVP + all-features + program), build, the no-polling grep. Fast GitHub-hosted tier, no label needed. | +| `ci.yaml` — **Tests + Coverage Gate** | Ready PR with `ci:full` label, push to develop | Full `node` + `shared` nextest suite under `llvm-cov` on the self-hosted M3 Ultra pool, 100% line + function gate. | +| `deploy-dev.yaml` | Push to develop | Docker build (ARM64) → `zkcoins/node:beta` → DEV | +| `deploy-prd.yaml` | Push to main | Docker build (ARM64) → `zkcoins/node:latest` → PRD | +| `auto-release-pr-staging.yaml` | Push to staging | Promote PR (staging → develop), `ci:full` | +| `auto-release-pr.yaml` | Push to develop | Release PR (develop → main), `ci:full` | + +**Draft PRs skip every `ci.yaml` job** — CI fires once the PR is marked +ready-for-review. Apply the `ci:full` label when the PR is ready to run against +the authoritative gate. After push, watch CI until green; never abandon a red run. ## Related Repos -- [zk-coins/app](https://github.com/zk-coins/app) — Web application (frontend) -- [zk-coins/docs](https://github.com/zk-coins/docs) — Documentation (docs.zkcoins.app) +- [zk-coins/app](https://github.com/zk-coins/app) — Web application (frontend). +- [zk-coins/docs](https://github.com/zk-coins/docs) — Documentation ([docs.zkcoins.app](https://docs.zkcoins.app)). +- [zk-coins/research](https://github.com/zk-coins/research) — Protocol research, design drafts, upstream repos, paper PDFs. diff --git a/LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md b/LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md deleted file mode 100644 index f9c09abc..00000000 --- a/LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1216 +0,0 @@ -# Lightning ↔ zkCoins Atomic Swap — Design Document - -**Status:** Design draft. No code yet. Companion to `SPEC.md`, -`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, `ROADMAP.md`, and -[`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md). - -**Authoritative source for:** *how* trustless LN ↔ zkCoins swaps work -— not for the wider zkCoins protocol itself. - -**Audience:** Engineers picking up swap implementation. Assumes -familiarity with `SPEC.md` (account model, coin format, inscription -mechanics) and basic Bitcoin/Lightning HTLC mechanics. - -> **Branch note.** This document presupposes the Plonky2 migration -> currently on `feat/plonky2-migration` (PR #17). `SPEC.md`, -> `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, and `ROADMAP.md` live on that branch and -> will resolve on `develop` only after PR #17 lands. Until then, view -> cross-references against `feat/plonky2-migration`. - ---- - -## 1. Scope - -This document specifies the design of **trustless atomic swaps** between -Lightning Network bitcoin and zkCoins. It covers: - -- Why the swap mechanism cannot live on the zkCoins coin layer -- Where the atomicity primitive actually lives (the Bitcoin funding tx of - the `4242`-prefix Taproot inscription) -- Two concrete swap directions (LN → zkCoins, zkCoins → LN) with full - step-by-step protocols -- Bitcoin script construction and timing coordination -- Failure-mode analysis and recovery paths -- Provider operational considerations -- Privacy analysis -- The single open zkCoins-side dependency (D7 reorg safety) that affects - swap timing but not swap design - -It does **not** cover: - -- Generic cross-chain swaps not involving Lightning -- BitVM-style federated bridges (different trust model, different - document) -- Implementation in any specific language or repository layout - ---- - -## 2. Executive Summary - -A trustless atomic swap between LN and zkCoins is **buildable with -today's Bitcoin/Lightning toolchain**, using a standard HTLC on the -Bitcoin funding tx of the zkCoins inscription. The construction is -isomorphic to a Boltz reverse-submarine swap with one twist: instead of -the on-chain side being a P2WSH that pays bitcoin to the user, it is a -P2WSH/P2TR whose spend includes the zkCoins inscription payload in its -witness data. - -The swap design is **orthogonal to the Plonky2 migration** (PR #17). The -24-hour LN CLTV budget dwarfs even SP1's minute-scale proof times by -three orders of magnitude; sub-second proofs are nice-to-have, not a -gating factor. - -The **only zkCoins-side blocker** is D7 (reorg safety, see `SPEC.md` §15, -`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` D7). Until D7 is fixed, the provider must wait -for deep Bitcoin confirmation of the inscription before settling the -Lightning side, lengthening the swap's wall-clock time but not affecting -correctness or trust. - -PTLCs (point time-locked contracts) would be an upgrade — better on-chain -privacy, fungibility with normal single-sig spends — but are not -required for trustlessness and not available in production Lightning -implementations as of 2026-05. - ---- - -## 3. Problem Statement - -A user wants to convert between Lightning bitcoin and a zkCoins coin -without trusting any single counterparty with custody of either asset at -any point during the swap. Equivalently: - -- If the user's funds leave Lightning, zkCoins must arrive in their - account, or the user can recover the Lightning funds via timeout. -- If the user's zkCoins leave their account, Lightning bitcoin must - arrive, or the user can recover the zkCoins via some refund path. - -Symmetrically for the swap provider. - -The "single counterparty" referred to is a swap provider (a liquidity -operator who runs both a zkCoins node and a Lightning node), analogous -to Boltz's role in BTC ↔ LN submarine swaps. - ---- - -## 4. zkCoins Architecture Recap (Constraints Relevant for Swaps) - -### 4.1 Coin model - -Per `SPEC.md` §3.2 and `program/src/lib.rs::Coin`: - -```rust -struct Coin { - identifier: HashDigest, // = H(sender_next_asth ‖ u32_be(idx)) - recipient: HashDigest, // = H(initial_pubkey) of the recipient account - amount: u64, -} -``` - -There are **no spending conditions, no scripts, no hash-locks, no -time-locks** on a zkCoins coin. The only constraint enforced at receive -time is `apply_coin`'s `coin.recipient == self.owner` check -(`program/src/lib.rs:154`). This matches the upstream Shielded CSV -paper's `CoinEssence` (pure value transfer) — see -`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §2. - -**Implication:** a zkCoins coin cannot, by itself, carry HTLC semantics. -There is no protocol-level way to say "this coin can only be spent by -revealing preimage `x` such that `H(x) = H`". - -### 4.2 Send mechanics - -Per `SPEC.md` §5 and §11: - -1. The sender's node generates a state-transition proof (`ProofData`) - covering balance update, output coin creation, and history extension. -2. The sender's wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` - with BIP-340 Schnorr. Here `asth` is the account state hash and - `ocr` is the output coins root (the Merkle root of the SMT - containing the send's output coin identifiers); both abbreviations - match `SPEC.md`'s glossary. -3. The node (or any party with the signed `Commitment`) constructs a - Taproot commit-reveal pair where the commit tx's txid hex begins - with `4242`, and the reveal tx's witness contains the inscription - payload (signed `Commitment`). -4. Both txs are broadcast to Bitcoin. -5. The scanner picks up `4242`-prefix commit-txs, extracts inscription - content from the corresponding reveal-tx, deserialises as - `Commitment`, verifies the Schnorr signature, and inserts the - commitment into the global SMT. - -**Implication 1:** the inscription publication is a **plain Bitcoin -transaction**. It can have any standard Bitcoin script lock on its -inputs. - -**Implication 2:** the "moment of finality" for a zkCoins send is when -the scanner has processed the inscription. That is a function of (a) -the reveal-tx getting sufficient Bitcoin confirmations and (b) the -scanner running. Until then, the send has not happened from the -recipient's perspective. - -### 4.3 What the wallet knows vs. what the node knows - -- **Wallet:** holds the account commitment private key; signs the - Schnorr commitment over `SHA256(asth ‖ ocr)`. Holds no Poseidon - state, no SMT/MMR data. -- **Node:** holds the entire state (SMT + MMR), generates proofs, - holds the inscription-publishing Bitcoin wallet, runs the scanner. - -This split is locked by the node-side-compute architecture decision -(`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5; `feedback_zkcoins_server_side_compute`). - -For swap design this matters because: - -- Anything that requires "the wallet signs after seeing something" is - cheap (one round-trip to wallet). -- Anything that requires "the node constructs and signs a Bitcoin tx - that publishes the inscription" can be replaced with "the node - constructs the inscription payload and lets a different party - publish". - ---- - -## 5. Why Atomicity Cannot Live on the Coin Layer - -A naïve design would say: "extend the coin model to carry a hash-lock, -prove preimage knowledge in the circuit, atomic swap solved." This does -not work for three independent reasons. - -### 5.1 Protocol-level reason - -Adding spending conditions to the coin model would be a 12th divergence -from the published Shielded CSV protocol. The protocol's coin model is -intentionally minimal — `CoinEssence { address, amount, idx }` (see -`ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV/src/lib.rs:24`). Departing from this is -appropriate for the MVP only when the divergence has been triaged and -documented (D1–D11). A 12th divergence to enable swaps would need to be -designed alongside D2/D10 (recipient hiding) because both touch the -recipient-side spending check. - -### 5.2 Cost reason - -Lightning HTLCs use SHA256 preimages. A coin-level hash-lock would -require either: - -- **SHA256 in-circuit:** ~262k gates in Plonky2 per hash (see - [Plonky2 SHA256 benchmarks](https://hackmd.io/@clientsideproving/Plonky2MobileBench)). - Poseidon-2 hashing two field elements costs ~150–200 constraints. - Adding SHA256-preimage proof to every send would inflate proof costs - by ~3 orders of magnitude and destroy the sub-second performance - target. -- **Poseidon hash-lock:** cheap in-circuit, but Lightning HTLCs are - SHA256. To bridge them would need a hash-translation provider (a - trusted party who unlocks the SHA256 HTLC and locks a Poseidon HTLC), - which negates trustlessness. - -### 5.3 Architectural reason - -The only on-chain anchor zkCoins has is the Taproot inscription with -txid prefix `4242`. There is no on-chain UTXO representing an individual -coin. Even if a coin had spending conditions in the circuit, enforcement -of those conditions on-chain would require a separate mechanism the -protocol does not have. - -### 5.4 Conclusion - -Atomicity must come from somewhere else. That somewhere is the **Bitcoin -funding transaction of the inscription reveal**, which is an ordinary -Bitcoin tx and can carry any standard script lock. - ---- - -## 6. Where Atomicity Lives: The Inscription Funding Tx - -Every zkCoins send currently requires the publisher to broadcast a -Taproot commit-reveal pair. The commit tx has txid prefix `4242`, the -reveal tx carries the inscription payload (signed `Commitment`) in its -Taproot script-path witness. - -**Key observation:** the commit tx's input(s) come from a Bitcoin UTXO -the publisher controls. If that UTXO is locked with an HTLC script, then -the reveal tx is only broadcastable by whoever can satisfy the HTLC's -spending condition. - -This is the lever. The swap design rests entirely on coupling the -inscription publication to a Bitcoin script lock that, in turn, is -coupled (via preimage or adapter sig) to a Lightning HTLC/PTLC. - -### 6.1 The funding-utxo lock - -For an LN → zkCoins reverse submarine swap, the provider locks a UTXO -with a standard reverse-submarine-swap script. The script has two -spending paths: - -- **Claim path (recipient):** `user_pubkey + preimage(H)` -- **Refund path (provider):** `provider_pubkey + on_chain_timeout` - -The user spends the UTXO via the claim path to publish the inscription; -the provider can recover via the refund path if the user does not claim -in time. - -### 6.2 Who broadcasts what - -| Action | Pre-swap | Lock confirmed | User claims | Provider claims LN | -| ----- | -------- | -------------- | ----------- | ------------------ | -| LN payment | — | User → Provider HTLC | — | Provider claims, preimage now on LN-side | -| On-chain funding UTXO | Provider creates locked UTXO | UTXO confirmed | User spends with preimage; tx contains inscription | — | -| Inscription | — | — | Published via user's spend tx | Already published in previous step | -| Scanner state | unchanged | unchanged | Updated to include user's new coin | unchanged | - -The non-obvious bit is row 3: the user is the one who publishes the -inscription, *not* the provider. The provider has prepared everything -(send proof, inscription payload, Schnorr signature on -`H(asth ‖ ocr)`), but the act of broadcasting is the user's, and that -broadcast is gated on knowledge of the preimage. - ---- - -## 7. Atomicity Primitives — HTLC vs PTLC - -### 7.1 HTLC (Hash Time-Locked Contract) - -The classical Bitcoin/Lightning primitive. Two parties agree on -`H = SHA256(x)` where `x` is a 32-byte preimage known initially to one -party (the one initiating the swap or the one receiving funds, depending -on direction). The lock is satisfied by revealing `x` such that -`SHA256(x) == H` in the witness; revealing `x` on-chain or via a -Lightning hop's HTLC settlement makes `x` observable to the other -party. - -- **Availability:** standard since 2017, supported everywhere. -- **On-chain footprint:** P2WSH with `OP_SHA256 OP_EQUALVERIFY ...` - or Taproot script path with equivalent semantics. Hash is visible - on-chain. -- **Privacy:** lookups across chains can correlate by hash. A single - hash appearing on Bitcoin L1 (in a swap claim) and within a - Lightning channel state (visible to the channel counterparty) is a - known privacy leak. - -### 7.2 PTLC (Point Time-Locked Contract) - -Schnorr-era replacement for HTLC. Two parties agree on a curve point -`Y = y·G` where `y` is a discrete log known initially to one party. The -lock is "satisfied" not by revealing `y` in a witness but by completing -a Schnorr signature whose adaptor was committed to `Y`: the resulting -on-chain signature, combined with the adaptor signature `s'`, reveals -`y = s − s'` to anyone who sees both. - -- **Availability:** Bitcoin-side fine (BIP-340 Schnorr is standard - since Taproot). Lightning-side blocked on widespread PTLC support - (`lightning-dev` mailing list, ongoing as of 2026-05). -- **On-chain footprint:** indistinguishable from a normal single-sig - Taproot key-path spend. No script revealed, no hash exposed. -- **Privacy:** strong — neither the swap's existence nor the linkage - between LN payment and on-chain spend is observable on Bitcoin L1. - -### 7.3 Which one to build first - -HTLC. Three reasons: - -1. Production-ready toolchain (Boltz backend, BOLT-11 invoices, all - wallets support it). -2. Trustlessness is identical to PTLC for this design — the on-chain - privacy upgrade does not change the security argument. -3. PTLCs over Lightning depend on third-party progress (LDK, CLN - maintainers, Lightning Labs roadmap). Building the LN-side ourselves - is out of scope. - -PTLC is a future upgrade tracked as an open item, not a v1 dependency. - ---- - -## 8. Detailed Flow A: LN → zkCoins (User Buys zkCoins with LN Bitcoin) - -This is the **reverse submarine** direction by Boltz nomenclature: the -user holds the off-chain asset (LN bitcoin) and wants the on-chain-anchored -asset (zkCoins). The user generates the preimage, the provider locks -the on-chain side. - -### 8.1 Parties and pre-conditions - -- **User:** Lightning node, zkCoins wallet, has an existing zkCoins - account (so `recipient = H(initial_pubkey)` is known to them and the - provider). -- **Provider:** Lightning node with inbound liquidity from the user, - zkCoins node with sufficient inventory in some operator account, - Bitcoin wallet for funding UTXO. -- **Pre-agreed:** swap amount `A` (in sats), provider fee `F`, swap - timeout parameters (`T_lock` for on-chain CLTV, `T_ln` for - Lightning CLTV-delta — see §12). - -### 8.2 Protocol steps - -``` -Step 1. User generates preimage x ←$ {0,1}^256. Computes H = SHA256(x). - User sends to provider: - - H - - user_zkcoins_recipient_address (an Address = H(pubkey)) - - amount A - - user_btc_refund_pubkey for the funding UTXO - -Step 2. Provider's zkCoins node prepares the send: - - Loads the operator account state - - Builds out_coins with one entry: { identifier, recipient = - user_zkcoins_recipient_address, amount = A } - - Generates the send proof (SP1 or Plonky2 post-cutover) - - Computes asth, ocr - - Provider's wallet signs H(asth ‖ ocr) with the operator - account's commitment pubkey, producing Schnorr signature σ - - Assembles full inscription payload P = - Commitment { public_key, signature: σ, message: asth‖ocr } - -Step 3. Provider's Bitcoin wallet creates a funding UTXO with script: - - OP_IF - OP_SHA256 OP_EQUALVERIFY - OP_CHECKSIG - OP_ELSE - OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP - OP_CHECKSIG - OP_ENDIF - - funded with exactly (fee_to_pay_for_reveal_tx + - dust_threshold). Call this UTXO U_lock. - -Step 4. Provider constructs the unsigned commit-reveal pair for the - inscription: - - Commit tx: spends U_lock + any provider fee inputs, has - one Taproot output committing to the inscription script - tree, and a vanity-grind on (input set, output amounts, - change scripts) to ensure txid prefix = "4242". - - Reveal tx: spends the commit tx's Taproot output via the - script path, the script path witness containing inscription - payload P. - - The commit tx's spend of U_lock requires the IF-branch - (preimage). Provider hands the user: - - Unsigned commit tx - - Reveal tx (unsigned, will be signed by the inscription - script path which is part of the Taproot output) - - Provider's pre-signature on the OP_ELSE refund path - (so the user can verify the refund script is well-formed, - though the user will never need to use it) - -Step 5. User verifies: - - U_lock is on-chain and matches the script in Step 3 with - the correct H, T_lock, and pubkeys - - The unsigned commit-reveal pair, once the user adds their - preimage + signature to the commit tx's input, would - broadcast a tx with txid prefix "4242" whose reveal tx - publishes inscription payload P - - Inscription payload P contains a Schnorr signature on - H(asth ‖ ocr) that verifies against the operator's - commitment pubkey - - The asth and ocr values, opened by P, are consistent with - a send proof that creates a coin to user_zkcoins_recipient_address - of amount A - - If any check fails, the user aborts. No funds at risk — - nothing has been sent on the LN side yet. - -Step 6. User pays the Lightning HTLC: - - User → Provider, hash H, amount A + F, CLTV-delta T_ln - -Step 7. User waits for U_lock to reach the agreed confirmation depth - (see §12 and §16). Then user broadcasts the commit tx: - - Witness for U_lock spend: , IF-branch - - Commit tx now in mempool - -Step 8. Commit tx confirms. User broadcasts the reveal tx, which - publishes inscription P on-chain. - -Step 9. zkCoins scanner picks up the `4242`-prefix commit tx, follows - through to the reveal tx, extracts P, verifies the Schnorr - signature, calls State::update([P]). The user's - zkcoins_recipient_address now holds the new coin. - -Step 10. The user's preimage x is now visible on-chain (in the witness - of the commit tx's spend of U_lock). The provider's Lightning - node either: - - Observes the preimage on-chain and uses it to claim the - LN HTLC (preimage-watch pattern) - - Or the user explicitly reveals x via off-band channel; the - user has every incentive to do so since the swap is now - complete from their perspective and reveal-then-settle - reduces both parties' channel risk - -Step 11. Provider settles the LN HTLC, capturing A + F. Swap complete. -``` - -### 8.3 What can go wrong - -| Failure | Who has what | Recovery | -| ------- | ------------ | -------- | -| User aborts at Step 5 | Provider has funded U_lock; nothing else moved | Provider refunds U_lock at T_lock (Step 3 ELSE branch). Cost: on-chain fee for U_lock creation. | -| User pays LN (Step 6) but never broadcasts commit (Step 7) | Provider has incoming LN HTLC, U_lock still locked | LN HTLC times out at T_ln, user gets LN funds back. Provider refunds U_lock at T_lock. Both whole. | -| User broadcasts commit but it doesn't confirm before T_lock | User has paid LN, U_lock is being refunded by provider; user's tx might or might not eventually confirm | This is the race condition T_lock is designed to prevent. See §12. With margin, this should not happen; if it does, provider claims U_lock refund and user claims LN refund. Provider has zkCoins still in inventory (no send actually happened since inscription never landed). | -| Provider's node crashes between Step 2 and Step 4 | User has H, has not paid anything | User aborts, no loss. | -| Provider's Bitcoin wallet runs out of funds for U_lock | Pre-condition failure | Provider rejects swap initiation. No loss. | -| Provider refuses to settle LN at Step 11 despite preimage visible | Provider has zkCoins inventory still committed, user has zkCoins (Step 9 succeeded), preimage on-chain | LN HTLC will time out and refund to user. User keeps zkCoins **and** gets LN funds back. **Net: provider loses A+F to itself.** This is asymmetric — provider has no incentive to do this. Documented as provider-side discipline. | - -### 8.4 Why this is trustless - -At no point does either party transfer custody of an asset to the other -party where the other party can withhold reciprocation: - -- User commits LN payment **after** seeing the funded U_lock with the - correct script. -- User claims zkCoins-side **before** revealing preimage (preimage is - in the spend witness, so revealing happens at the moment of - on-chain publication). -- Provider's refund path is gated on T_lock, which is shorter than - T_ln, so provider cannot get U_lock back via timeout while - simultaneously claiming LN. - -The only scenarios where someone loses funds are (a) the user pays LN -and then never claims on-chain, in which case both sides time out and -both are made whole, or (b) one party broadcasts a refund tx with a -fee too low to confirm, which is a fee-management concern not a trust -concern. - ---- - -## 9. Detailed Flow B: zkCoins → LN (User Sells zkCoins for LN Bitcoin) - -This is the **forward submarine** direction: the user holds the on-chain -asset (zkCoins) and wants the off-chain asset (LN bitcoin). The -direction matters because the user is the one initiating the -zkCoins-side send, which means the user controls the inscription -publication — flipping who broadcasts what. - -### 9.1 The role inversion - -In Flow A the user was the inscription broadcaster (Step 7–8). In Flow -B the user is the inscription *originator* (they own the source coins) -but the provider is the LN payer. The naïve "provider generates the -preimage" construction (mirroring Boltz forward submarine swaps) -introduces a non-trustless gap when applied to inscription publication -— see §9.3 for why. The recommended construction is a direct mirror -of Flow A with the swap roles reversed; the preimage generator stays -on the on-chain-asset-acquirer's side. This is detailed in §9.2. - -### 9.2 Recommended pattern: mirror of Flow A - -``` -Step 1. Provider generates preimage x ←$ {0,1}^256. Computes - H = SHA256(x). Provider sends to user: - - H - - provider_zkcoins_recipient_address - - amount A - - provider's LN invoice for amount A − F (standard, not hold) - -Step 2. User's zkCoins node prepares the send proof to - provider_zkcoins_recipient_address with amount A. User signs - Schnorr σ over H(asth ‖ ocr) with their commitment pubkey. - -Step 3. User funds a Bitcoin UTXO U_lock' from their own wallet with - the same Taproot two-leaf construction as Flow A: - - IF-branch (claim): + - ELSE-branch (refund): after T_lock - - User constructs the unsigned commit-reveal pair such that - the commit tx spends U_lock' via the IF-branch and the - reveal tx publishes the inscription containing σ. - -Step 4. User hands provider: - - (asth, ocr, σ) - - U_lock' outpoint - - Unsigned commit-reveal pair - -Step 5. Provider verifies: - - σ verifies against user's commitment pubkey - - asth + ocr describe a send to provider's address of - amount A - - U_lock' is on-chain with the correct script - - Commit tx spends U_lock' and has txid prefix 4242 - -Step 6. Provider pays the Lightning HTLC to user with hash H, - amount A − F. - -Step 7. User claims the LN HTLC. The settlement reveals x to - provider via the LN channel mechanics (preimage-watch - pattern, or explicit reveal off-band). - -Step 8. Provider broadcasts the commit tx with witness - (IF-branch satisfied). - -Step 9. Commit tx confirms. Provider broadcasts reveal tx; - inscription publishes on-chain; zkCoins scanner picks up - and credits provider's address. - -Step 10. Swap complete. -``` - -#### Failure modes for Flow B (Pattern 9.2) - -| Failure | Who has what | Recovery | -| ------- | ------------ | -------- | -| Provider does not pay LN | U_lock' is locked; nothing else moved | User refunds U_lock' at T_lock. Cost: on-chain fee for U_lock' creation. | -| Provider pays LN, user claims, provider broadcasts | Happy path | Swap completes. | -| User claims LN but provider does not broadcast commit tx | Provider has x and own signature; they can broadcast any time before T_lock. If they don't, U_lock' refunds to user. User keeps LN funds; provider keeps zkCoins inventory (no inscription landed). | Provider has no incentive to withhold — they would forgo the zkCoins inflow they already paid for in LN. Documented as provider-side discipline. | -| User funds U_lock' but never sends provider the commit-reveal pair | Pre-condition failure | User can refund U_lock' at T_lock. No LN payment was made. | -| Commit tx stuck in mempool past T_lock | Race condition | Avoided by the ordering constraint of §12.2; if exhausted, U_lock' refunds to user and provider keeps LN funds. Provider must factor this risk into fee pricing. | - -The last failure mode of the table is worth flagging in code: if the -inscription never lands, the zkCoins state never updates. The user's -node-side state shows the send as "prepared" but not "committed", -because the corresponding `Commitment` was never broadcast. The -swap-aware node must release the prepared state if it observes that -the corresponding U_lock' has been refunded, so the user can re-use -those coins for another swap or send. - -### 9.3 Why we rejected the "provider generates preimage" pattern - -A pattern that more closely mirrors Boltz forward submarine swaps — -where the provider generates the preimage and the user constructs the -locked UTXO — does not yield trustlessness for inscription -publication. The reason is structural: - -- If the commit tx is spendable by ` `, then after - provider claims LN (and learns x), the user cannot broadcast the - commit tx on the provider's behalf when provider stalls — only - provider has the signature. T_lock expires, U_lock' refunds, but - the LN payment was already settled, so the user is out A − F. -- If the commit tx is spendable by ` ` instead, the user - can broadcast at any time after learning x — but x is generated by - provider, so the user only learns it after LN settlement. Same - asymmetry, flipped: provider could broadcast a fake LN payment - flow and steal the zkCoins. -- A 2-of-2 IF-branch (` `) lets either - party grief: the preimage reveal alone is no longer sufficient to - unilaterally publish. - -A patch using an **LN hold invoice** to make the user the LN -settlement-controller also fails to close the gap cleanly, because -the user's reveal of x to settle the hold invoice and the provider's -broadcast of the commit tx remain two separate events with no -on-chain coupling between them. - -Pattern 9.2 avoids all of this by having the same party (provider) -control both the LN claim and the on-chain broadcast — the preimage -reveal through LN settlement directly enables that party to broadcast. - ---- - -## 10. Bitcoin Script Construction - -### 10.1 Script template (legacy P2WSH for clarity) - -``` -OP_IF - OP_SHA256 ; H = SHA256(preimage) - OP_EQUALVERIFY - ; whoever can claim via preimage - OP_CHECKSIG -OP_ELSE - ; absolute or relative timeout - OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY ; CLTV (absolute) or CSV (relative) - OP_DROP - ; whoever can refund after timeout - OP_CHECKSIG -OP_ENDIF -``` - -Bytes: ~83 (claim + refund) for compressed-pubkey + 32-byte hash. - -### 10.2 Taproot variant (recommended for production) - -Use a Taproot output with two leaves: - -- **Leaf A (claim):** `OP_SHA256 OP_EQUALVERIFY - OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY` -- **Leaf B (refund):** ` OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP - OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY` - -Internal key: NUMS point (provably-unknown discrete log) or a -2-of-2 MuSig of claim+refund keys (allows cooperative key-path spend -that hides the script entirely — Boltz's V2 swap design does this). - -Cooperative key-path spending makes successful swaps look like normal -single-sig Taproot spends, improving fungibility. Script-path is the -fallback for non-cooperative resolution. - -### 10.3 Vanity-grinding txid prefix `4242` - -The commit tx of the inscription pair must have txid hex starting with -`4242`. This is a 2-byte prefix, so on average 65k brute-force attempts -to find a matching nonce. zkCoins's existing publisher -(`node/src/publisher.rs`) handles this by varying the commit tx's -output amount (sat-level) until the prefix matches. - -For the swap design, the variable that can be ground is the commit -tx's change output amount (the difference between U_lock + fee-input -and the Taproot commit output amount, sent back to a change address -controlled by whoever is broadcasting). Either the provider (Flow A -pre-construction) or the user (Flow A Step 7 broadcast time, if the -commit tx is finalised then) handles the grind. - -Caveat: changing the change-amount changes the tx hash, but it also -slightly changes the fee, which is fine in mempool. Standardness rules -to watch: the change output must remain ≥ dust threshold (~330 sat for -Taproot). - -### 10.4 Funding the U_lock UTXO - -In Flow A, the provider funds U_lock from their own Bitcoin wallet. -The amount is just enough to cover the commit tx fee + dust threshold -for the commit tx's outputs. The reveal tx pays for itself from the -Taproot output. - -The actual zkCoins coin value (A) is not transferred via Bitcoin — -zkCoins state lives entirely off-chain in the SMT/MMR. The on-chain -piece is the inscription, which is essentially a 64-byte signature -plus envelope overhead. Total on-chain Bitcoin cost per swap is -roughly the same as a Boltz swap minus the actual L1 payout: ~250 -sats at current fee rates. - -### 10.5 Pubkey choices - -- **claim_pubkey:** the user's Bitcoin spending pubkey for Flow A, or - the provider's for Flow B. Should be a fresh key per swap for - unlinkability. -- **refund_pubkey:** the counterparty's. Same fresh-key recommendation. - -In a Taproot internal-key construction, the cooperative key is a MuSig -of (claim_pubkey, refund_pubkey). - ---- - -## 11. The Inscription Reveal Tx — Anatomy - -For completeness, the reveal tx that ultimately publishes the -`Commitment` payload: - -- **Input:** the commit tx's Taproot output. -- **Witness:** Taproot script-path spend, providing - - The inscription script (Ordinals-style envelope: `OP_FALSE OP_IF - "ord" OP_ENDIF`, with `` being the serialised - `Commitment` plus zkCoins-specific envelope tag) - - The internal pubkey - - The control block proving the script is in the Taproot script tree -- **Output:** a P2WPKH or P2TR output of dust value going back to the - publisher (the reveal tx is a "burn the inscription" tx; the output - is just there because every tx needs an output). - -This is unchanged from the current zkCoins publisher implementation; -the only thing the swap design touches is the commit tx's input -(U_lock), not the reveal tx itself. - ---- - -## 12. Timing Coordination (CLTV Deltas) - -### 12.1 The two timeouts - -- **`T_lock`:** absolute Bitcoin block height at which the on-chain - U_lock UTXO becomes refundable to the provider (Flow A) or user - (Flow B). Set at swap creation time. -- **`T_ln`:** the CLTV-delta of the Lightning HTLC, in blocks. The LN - payment is refundable to the payer after the HTLC's expiry block, - which is the most recently locked-in block height + `T_ln`. - -### 12.2 The ordering constraint - -The fundamental requirement for trustlessness: - -``` -T_lock < (current_height + T_ln) - safety_margin -``` - -Equivalently: the on-chain refund path must mature *before* the LN -refund path matures. - -Why: imagine the alternative, `T_lock > current_height + T_ln`. Then -LN refunds first. Suppose the user pays LN, never claims on-chain. LN -refunds the user at `T_ln`. Provider's U_lock is still locked until -`T_lock`. But by then, the user has their LN funds back AND can still -broadcast the commit tx (they have the preimage they generated, plus -their claim signature). User publishes inscription, scanner credits -user, user has both LN-refunded funds and new zkCoins. Provider loses -inventory. - -With `T_lock < current_height + T_ln − safety_margin`, the order is: -T_lock fires first → provider refunds U_lock → user can no longer -claim → LN refunds at `T_ln` later. Both whole. - -### 12.3 Typical values - -- LN CLTV-delta: most modern nodes use 40 blocks final + up to 144 per - hop. End-to-end on a single-hop swap (user ↔ provider direct - channel) typically ~144 blocks ≈ 24 hours. -- On-chain `T_lock`: should be ~24h or less from now to leave a clear - margin. Typical Boltz value: 144 blocks from creation. -- Safety margin: at least 6 blocks (~1 hour) to allow for confirmation - delays at the boundary. Boltz uses ~12-block margin. - -### 12.4 Required confirmation depth for U_lock - -Before the user broadcasts the claim tx (Flow A Step 7), U_lock must -be confirmed to a depth where the provider cannot RBF or double-spend -it. Standard recommendation: 1 confirmation is sufficient if U_lock's -funding tx is below RBF threshold and confirmed in a non-reorg-prone -context; 2-3 confirmations for higher-value swaps. This is independent -of the D7 reorg-safety question, which concerns confirmation depth of -the *inscription publication*, not U_lock. - -### 12.5 The proof-time question - -Provider's send proof generation (zkCoins node side): - -- SP1 today: tens of seconds to a few minutes warm. -- Plonky2 post-cutover target: ≤1 second warm. - -This happens between Step 1 (user requests swap) and Step 4 (provider -hands user the commit-reveal pair). Even with SP1, the proof time -is negligible compared to the 24-hour swap window. **Plonky2 is not -a swap dependency.** - -(The proof time *would* matter for some hypothetical -ultra-low-latency swap product — pay LN, get zkCoins balance within -3 seconds. Such a product is not on the roadmap and would require -solving D7 at the same time anyway.) - ---- - -## 13. Failure Modes Matrix (Both Flows) - -Summary of all scenarios. "User" and "Provider" refer to the swap -counterparties regardless of direction. - -| Scenario | Who lost what | Recovery mechanism | -| -------- | ------------- | ------------------ | -| Both parties cooperate, all txs confirm | Nothing lost; everyone gets expected outcome | Happy path | -| User aborts before LN payment | Provider has funded U_lock + spent proof time | U_lock refund at T_lock; proof time is a sunk cost (~free) | -| LN payment fails to route | No state change | LN-layer retry or refund | -| LN payment succeeds, user fails to claim on-chain (Flow A) | Provider has LN HTLC pending, user has paid LN | LN HTLC times out at T_ln, user refunded; U_lock refunds at T_lock | -| User claims on-chain but commit tx stuck in mempool past T_lock | Race condition | Avoided by §12.2 ordering constraint with margin; if margin exhausted, both refund — provider via U_lock refund, user via LN refund (assuming commit tx also evicted from mempool) | -| Provider's Bitcoin wallet outage between Step 3 and broadcast | Pre-condition failure | Swap not initiated; no loss | -| Bitcoin reorg removes the confirmed commit tx | See §16 (D7 dependency) | Provider waits ≥6 confirms before claiming LN | -| zkCoins scanner is offline | Inscription is on-chain but state lags | Scanner catches up on restart; no swap-mechanism impact | -| Provider claims LN but withholds inscription broadcast (Flow B) | Provider has LN, has not delivered zkCoins | Provider has no incentive — they would forgo the zkCoins inflow they already paid for in LN. If they do withhold past T_lock, U_lock' refunds to user; user keeps LN funds. See §9.2 failure-mode table. | -| Provider sets up Sybil swaps to grief | None directly | DoS mitigation: rate-limit, optionally require small upfront fee or deposit | - ---- - -## 14. Provider Operational Considerations - -### 14.1 Liquidity management - -The provider needs two inventories simultaneously: - -- **LN liquidity (outbound + inbound):** outbound for Flow B (paying - user), inbound for Flow A (receiving user's payment). Standard LN - channel management. Boltz publishes inbound/outbound LP rates - dynamically. -- **zkCoins inventory:** one or more operator accounts with sufficient - balance in zkCoins to honour Flow A swaps. Inventory rebalances: - Flow B replenishes the operator account (user sends zkCoins to - provider's address); Flow A depletes it. Net flows over time should - be matched by an out-of-band rebalancing flow (provider mints new - zkCoins by depositing BTC, or burns zkCoins for BTC, via whatever - L1-zkCoins bridge mechanism is in place). - -zkCoins does not currently have a published bridge mechanism. The -MVP-era assumption is that the provider is also the minter (the -holder of `MINTING_ADDRESS`), which trivially provides inventory. -Once the protocol has a real bridge (BitVM-style or otherwise), the -provider can be any party with that bridge's deposit/withdraw -capability. - -### 14.2 Fee model - -Three components, mirroring Boltz: - -- **On-chain fee:** the actual Bitcoin tx fee for the commit-reveal - pair. Paid out of U_lock funding amount; the user effectively pays - this since they are the asset-acquirer in Flow A. -- **Routing fee:** LN routing cost on the provider's payment in Flow B, - or absorbed if Flow A receives a direct payment. -- **Provider margin:** a percentage of swap amount, the actual revenue - source for the provider. - -Typical Boltz total fees: 0.1–0.5% of swap amount + ~250 sat on-chain. - -### 14.3 Inventory locked during swap - -Between Step 2 (provider prepares send) and Step 9 (inscription -confirms), the provider's zkCoins inventory is committed but -not-yet-published. The provider must not initiate another swap that -would also commit the same balance — node-side concurrency control -required. - -Concretely, the operator account's "soft balance" must reflect: -`balance − Σ(pending_swap_amounts)`, where `pending_swap_amounts` -includes all amounts for prepared-but-not-confirmed sends. - -This is the "stuck inventory" problem of any submarine swap provider; -Boltz solves it with parallel HTLC tracking. zkCoins-side it requires -the swap-aware node to track prepared swaps until inscription -confirms (or refund completes). - -### 14.4 Watching the chain - -The provider's Bitcoin watcher must monitor: - -- U_lock UTXOs they have created (for refund-at-T_lock) -- Commit txs spending U_lock UTXOs (to extract preimages and claim LN - in Flow A, or to confirm completion in Flow B) -- Reveal txs (to confirm scanner-pickup) -- Bitcoin reorgs affecting any of the above - -LND's `chainntfn` or BTCD's notification API are the standard tools. -Boltz's backend repo (`BoltzExchange/boltz-backend`) has a battle-tested -watcher implementation that could be forked. - -### 14.5 The grind for `4242` prefix - -The vanity-grind (§10.3) takes time — at 65k attempts average, a -modern CPU can grind a single 4242-prefix tx in ~1 second. Not a -bottleneck, but should be parallelised if the provider expects high -swap volume. Easy to GPU-accelerate; not necessary for v1. - ---- - -## 15. Privacy Analysis - -### 15.1 What the provider learns - -- **Recipient zkCoins address** (Flow A) or sender's zkCoins address - (Flow B). The full `Address = H(initial_pubkey)`. Acceptable for - regulated providers who already perform KYC on swap counterparties. -- **Amount.** Necessarily, since it's the swap amount. -- **The user's Bitcoin pubkey** (claim/refund pubkey on U_lock). - Recommend fresh key per swap. -- **The user's LN node identity** for the LN payment. Single-hop direct - channel reveals; multi-hop preserves payer anonymity to the same - extent any LN payment does. - -### 15.2 What is on-chain - -- The funded U_lock UTXO (a 2-leaf Taproot output). -- The commit tx spending U_lock (Taproot output to inscription, with - txid prefix `4242`). -- The reveal tx with inscription payload in witness. -- If swap fails: a refund tx spending U_lock via the ELSE branch. - -A chain observer sees: -- A Taproot input being spent with either script path (failure case) - or — if cooperative key-path is used (§10.2) — what looks like a - normal single-sig Taproot spend -- A subsequent commit tx with txid prefix `4242`, which is - zkCoins-protocol-specific and identifies the spend as a zkCoins - send - -So the swap, on the Bitcoin side, is publicly identifiable as a zkCoins -send. Whether it's a *swap* (vs. a direct user-initiated send) is -inferable from the U_lock script structure if non-cooperative. With -cooperative key-path resolution, the swap looks identical to a direct -zkCoins send. - -### 15.3 What is in Lightning - -A standard Lightning HTLC of amount A ± F with hash H. Same privacy -properties as any LN payment of similar size. If the LN counterparty -is the provider directly, the provider sees both ends; if routed -through hops, intermediate hops see the hash and amounts (standard LN -payment privacy). - -### 15.4 What PTLCs would change - -PTLCs would eliminate (a) the on-chain hash visibility and (b) the LN -hash → on-chain hash correlation. The on-chain spend would be -indistinguishable from any single-sig Taproot key-path spend, and the -LN payment would use a point lock that does not appear on Bitcoin L1 -in plaintext. - -This is purely an upgrade; HTLC v1 is already trustless. - -### 15.5 zkCoins-internal privacy: D2/D10 - -D2 (plaintext recipient) is a pre-mainnet blocker for general zkCoins -privacy, but for the swap design it does not introduce any new -linkability — the provider already knows the recipient address by -construction (the user told them in Step 1). When D2/D10 are fixed -with hiding commitments, the swap protocol must include the per-coin -randomness in the Step 1 user-to-provider message so the provider can -build a coin opening to the hidden recipient. This is a minor protocol -update, not a redesign. - ---- - -## 16. D7 Reorg Safety — The Open Dependency - -### 16.1 What D7 is - -From `SPEC.md` §15 and `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §3, D7: - -> No conditional-noop path. Paper supports `conditional_nav` — if the -> claimed nullifier-accum is no longer a prefix of the chain's, the tx -> becomes a no-op. - -In zkCoins-as-implemented, when the scanner processes an inscription -and updates the SMT, that update is taken as final. If Bitcoin reorgs -and the inscription tx is reorganised out, the scanner has no graceful -way to undo the SMT update. The protocol "trusts" the scanner's -view of the chain. - -### 16.2 What this means for swaps - -For Flow A, between Step 8 (commit tx confirms) and Step 11 (provider -settles LN), there is a window where: - -- Inscription is on-chain at depth `d` (where `d` is small immediately - after confirmation) -- Provider sees preimage on-chain -- If provider settles LN now and Bitcoin reorgs at depth ≥ d, the - inscription is no longer in the chain — but the scanner already - ingested it. zkCoins state has the new coin (assigned to user) but - the chain does not. - -This is a soundness problem for zkCoins (D7), not for the swap. The -swap-level mitigation is: **provider waits for sufficient confirmation -depth before settling LN**. - -### 16.3 Required confirmation depth - -This is the operationally interesting question. Options: - -- **Same as Boltz BTC ↔ LN swaps:** Boltz settles after ~3 BTC - confirmations. The argument is that 3 confirmations is sufficient - against routine reorgs; deeper reorgs are rare-enough events that - the residual risk is absorbed by the provider as part of operational - cost. -- **More conservative:** wait for 6 confirmations (Bitcoin's - traditional "confirmed" threshold) to align with bitcoin custodial - practice. -- **Most conservative:** wait for `CONFIRMS_TO_FINALITY` set by - zkCoins protocol parameters; could be 6 or 100 depending on threat - model. - -A regulated provider should default to **6 confirmations** (~1 hour -wait) until D7 is fixed. After D7 is fixed (the scanner can gracefully -handle inscription reorg by rolling back state and re-inserting), the -depth can drop back to 3 or even 1 with appropriate scanner logic. - -### 16.4 LN CLTV must accommodate this wait - -The LN-side `T_ln` must comfortably exceed the wait time. With -6-confirm depth (~1 hour) + safety margin + variable Bitcoin block -times (could be 2x mean), an LN CLTV of 144 blocks (~24h) is more -than sufficient. - -### 16.5 D7 fix is tracked separately - -D7 is in the Pre-Mainnet Hardening block (`ROADMAP.md`), estimated -4–5 days of work. It is independent of the swap design and required -for mainnet regardless. - -The dependency for the swap launch is: **swap can ship before D7 is -fixed, with conservative confirmation-depth gating**. D7 fix later -just allows lower latency. - ---- - -## 17. Plonky2 Relevance — Orthogonal to the Swap Design - -The PR #17 Plonky2 migration is **not a blocker** for swap -implementation. Specifically: - -- **Performance:** SP1 minute-scale proofs fit comfortably in the - 24-hour LN CLTV window. Plonky2 sub-second proofs reduce - provider-side inventory-locked-time from minutes to seconds, which - is a per-swap operational improvement, not a correctness condition. -- **Hash function (Poseidon vs SHA256):** does not touch the swap - mechanism. SHA256 is used by Lightning (HTLC preimage) and BIP-340 - Schnorr (commitment signature). Poseidon is used internally for - Merkle structures. The swap construction is hash-agnostic. -- **Coin model:** unchanged by Plonky2. The swap design's core insight - (atomicity on the Bitcoin funding tx, not the coin layer) is forced - by the coin model and persists across proof-system migrations. -- **Schnorr signing:** unchanged. The signature on H(asth ‖ ocr) is - BIP-340 over secp256k1, exactly the signature that goes into the - inscription payload, exactly the signature the scanner verifies. - -Implementation can therefore run in parallel to PR #17 without -contention. The swap code touches `node/` (new endpoints) and adds a -new operational component (Bitcoin script construction, LN node -integration). Neither touches `program-plonky2/` or `program/`. - -If swap implementation starts before PR #17 lands, it should be done -behind feature flags or in a side-branch to be merged after the -Plonky2 cutover; this avoids dealing with two simultaneous major -refactors. - ---- - -## 18. Comparison Tables - -### 18.1 vs. Boltz BTC ↔ LN - -| Property | Boltz BTC ↔ LN | This (LN ↔ zkCoins) | -| -------- | -------------- | ------------------- | -| Trust model | Trustless | Trustless | -| On-chain side primitive | P2WSH/P2TR HTLC | P2WSH/P2TR HTLC gating inscription publication | -| What's swapped on-chain side | Native BTC value | zkCoins coin (off-chain state update triggered by inscription) | -| On-chain footprint per swap | ~250 sat fees | ~250 sat fees | -| LN side | Standard HTLC | Standard HTLC | -| Wait for confirmation depth | ~3 confirms | ~6 confirms (D7 mitigation, until fixed) | -| Provider role | Liquidity provider, custodian of *neither* side | Same | -| PTLC upgrade path | Boltz V3 (announced) | Trivial mirror once LN PTLC matures | - -### 18.2 vs. Taproot Assets atomic swaps - -| Property | Taproot Assets | This (LN ↔ zkCoins) | -| -------- | -------------- | ------------------- | -| Asset locked on Bitcoin L1 | Yes (in Taproot leaves) | No (zkCoins state is off-chain) | -| Asset issuance | On-chain proofs | Off-chain proofs (PCD) | -| Swap primitive | PSBT-based, atomic | HTLC on inscription funding tx | -| Cross-chain step | None needed (asset lives on BTC) | The "chain" boundary is Bitcoin (LN funds + inscription) ↔ zkCoins state | -| RFQ-style quote mechanism | Yes, native | Easy to add as out-of-band layer | - -### 18.3 vs. naïve "trusted swap service" - -| Property | Trusted custodial service | Trustless HTLC | -| -------- | ------------------------- | --------------- | -| Trust assumption | The custodian honours its claims | None (cryptographic) | -| Bitcoin-script complexity | None | Standard P2TR with 2 leaves | -| Build effort | Low (just an exchange API) | Medium (Boltz-backend fork + zkCoins integration) | -| Risk if provider compromised | User funds at risk | None — cryptographic atomicity | -| Suitable for production | Yes, with appropriate insurance / disclosures | Yes | - ---- - -## 19. Implementation Roadmap - -A draft sequence; not a commitment. - -### 19.1 Phase 0: prerequisites - -- D7 reorg fix in zkCoins (pre-mainnet hardening block; can be deferred - if conservative confirm-depth gating is used) -- Operator account funded with sufficient zkCoins inventory -- Provider Bitcoin wallet with Lightning channel(s) -- LND or CLN node running (standard HTLC support sufficient; hold - invoices not required by the recommended Pattern 9.2) - -### 19.2 Phase 1: swap engine - -- Bitcoin script construction module (P2WSH + P2TR variants, both - flows) -- Watcher: monitor U_lock UTXOs, commit txs, reveal txs, refund-window -- Vanity-grinder for `4242` prefix (or reuse existing - `node/src/publisher.rs` logic if it can be extracted) -- Inscription payload generator that can produce a `Commitment` for a - *specified* recipient and amount, signed by the operator key, - *without* publishing on-chain — Step 2 of Flow A - -### 19.3 Phase 2: API surface - -- `POST /api/swap/quote` — user requests quote, provider returns - amount + fee + expected timeouts -- `POST /api/swap/initiate` (Flow A) — user submits H + recipient - address + amount + refund pubkey, gets back commit-reveal pair + - U_lock funded outpoint -- `POST /api/swap/lock` (Flow B) — provider gives user the H and - provider's claim pubkey; user constructs their side and notifies -- `GET /api/swap/{id}` — status (waiting-for-confirms, settled, - refunded, etc.) -- WebSocket for live status updates - -### 19.4 Phase 3: LN integration - -- Hook the swap engine into LND/CLN's HTLC settlement -- Configure routing fee thresholds, channel rebalancing alerts -- Define the rate-card (provider margin) - -### 19.5 Phase 4: production hardening - -- Rate limits per IP / per user -- Sybil resistance: optional small upfront fee -- Monitoring + alerting (Grafana board for in-flight swaps, alert on - stuck/expiring swaps) -- Recovery tooling for stuck swaps (manual operator intervention if - watcher fails) - -### 19.6 Estimated effort - -- Phase 1: 2–3 weeks -- Phase 2: 1 week -- Phase 3: 1 week -- Phase 4: 1–2 weeks -- Total: 5–7 weeks for a production-grade implementation, assuming - Boltz-backend code can be partially reused for watcher/grinder - ---- - -## 20. Open Questions - -1. **Required confirmation depth for inscription.** Set initially to - 6 confirms (~1 hour wait); re-evaluate after D7 fix lands. - -2. **Cooperative key-path for U_lock Taproot internal key.** MuSig of - (claim_pubkey, refund_pubkey) gives best on-chain privacy but adds - protocol complexity (round of MuSig key aggregation per swap). For - v1, recommend NUMS internal key (cheaper, less private). Revisit - for v2 alongside PTLC. - -3. **Where does the operator account's privkey live?** The Schnorr - signature on H(asth ‖ ocr) (Step 2 of Flow A) needs to happen - node-side, because the operator is the sender. This means the - operator account's commitment key is node-resident. Same - architectural assumption as for any operator-issued zkCoins coin; - should be documented in ops runbook. - -4. **Cross-swap correlation.** If a single operator account is reused - for many swaps, all those swaps' inscriptions chain through the - same account state. A chain analyst can correlate them. Mitigation: - rotate operator accounts periodically. Not a blocker. - -5. **D7 fix interaction.** Once D7 lands with `conditional_nav`-style - logic, the scanner can roll back. The swap design's confirm-depth - parameter should drop, and the swap engine should subscribe to - reorg notifications. Sketch the rollback-aware swap state machine - when D7 is implemented; not now. - -6. **Fee market integration.** Should swap quotes include a - user-selected fee tier (fast/slow Bitcoin confirmation, expected - wait time)? Boltz does this. Adds UI but not protocol complexity. - -7. **Maximum swap size.** Bounded by (a) operator zkCoins inventory, - (b) operator LN inbound liquidity. Define soft and hard limits. - Boltz publishes these on an info endpoint. - ---- - -## 21. References - -- [Shielded CSV paper (Nick, Eagen, Linus)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/068) -- [Shielded CSV reference implementation](https://github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV) -- [Boltz backend (HTLC-based submarine swap reference implementation)](https://github.com/BoltzExchange/boltz-backend) -- [Boltz lifecycle docs](https://github.com/BoltzExchange/boltz-backend/blob/master/docs/lifecycle.md) -- [Boltz blog: Lightning ↔ Liquid via submarine swaps](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/between-bitcoin-layers-boltz-builds-trustless-transfers) -- [Submarine Swaps — Lightning Engineering Builder's Guide](https://docs.lightning.engineering/the-lightning-network/multihop-payments/understanding-submarine-swaps) -- [Multi-Party Submarine Swaps (conduition.io)](https://conduition.io/scriptless/multi-party-submarine-swaps/) -- [PTLCs — Bitcoin Optech](https://bitcoinops.org/en/topics/ptlc/) -- [Adaptor signatures — Bitcoin Optech](https://bitcoinops.org/en/topics/adaptor-signatures/) -- [Scriptless Scripts multi-hop locks (BlockstreamResearch)](https://github.com/BlockstreamResearch/scriptless-scripts/blob/master/md/multi-hop-locks.md) -- [Multichain Taprootized Atomic Swaps (Distributed Lab, arXiv 2402.16735)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16735) -- [comit-network/xmr-btc-swap (adaptor-sig atomic swap reference)](https://github.com/comit-network/xmr-btc-swap) -- [Taproot Assets Trustless Swap (Lightning Labs)](https://docs.lightning.engineering/the-lightning-network/taproot-assets/trustless-swap) -- [Taproot Assets RFQ protocol](https://docs.lightning.engineering/lightning-network-tools/taproot-assets/rfq) -- [Plonky2 SHA256 benchmarks](https://hackmd.io/@clientsideproving/Plonky2MobileBench) -- [BIP-340 Schnorr signatures](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki) -- [BIP-341 Taproot](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki) -- [BIP-65 OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0065.mediawiki) - ---- - -## 22. Change Log - -| Date | Change | -| ---------- | ------ | -| 2026-05-17 | Initial draft. | -| 2026-05-17 | Consistency audit pass: add branch note at the top explaining that `SPEC.md` / `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` / `ROADMAP.md` currently live on `feat/plonky2-migration` only. | -| 2026-05-17 | Audit round 2: restructure §9 from a stream-of-consciousness exploration of four candidate patterns to a single recommended construction (§9.2 mirror of Flow A) plus a brief §9.3 explaining why the alternatives were rejected. Promote §9.2 to the canonical Flow B; remove §9.3 (LN hold invoice) and §9.4 (renamed to §9.2) as numbered alternatives. Fix four broken internal cross-references (§10/§15 corrected to §12/§16). Renumber open-questions list to drop the gap left after removing the pattern-choice question. | -| 2026-05-17 | Audit round 3: harmonise header structure across all three bridge docs (Status / Authoritative source / Audience / Branch note, in that order). Remove organisation-specific references ("DFX", a personal name) — replace with generic operator/issuer wording, consistent with the rest of the repo where the same convention is followed (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` is the single exception with one such mention). Define `asth` / `ocr` at first use in §4.2. Tighten §17 heading. | diff --git a/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md b/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md deleted file mode 100644 index c218472e..00000000 --- a/MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1566 +0,0 @@ -# Migration Research: References and Adoption Decisions - -Companion document to [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md). Summarises what we can take from the upstream references, and — more importantly — flags where our current implementation has diverged from the published Shielded CSV protocol. Read this before writing any Plonky2 code. - -> **Fresh session?** Start with [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) -> § "Working on the Plonky2 Migration" first for the project invariants -> and reading order. This file's §7 (Lessons Learned) is the *required -> reading before touching the affected code areas*. - ---- - -## TL;DR - -1. **`BitVM/zkCoins` is a 182-LOC IVC toy, not a zkCoins prototype.** It gives us a Plonky2 version pin and a cyclic-recursion code recipe, nothing more. -2. **The real normative reference is `ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV`** — a non-circuit Rust implementation of the paper's PCD predicate. -3. **Our current SP1 implementation has departed from the published protocol in 11 distinct ways.** Some are simplifications (Schnorr commitment on a Taproot inscription instead of half-aggregate nullifier publication), some are arguably regressions (recipient is plaintext `Address`, linkable across coins), some are missing features (fee output, conditional-noop on reorg). -4. **Decision point for the maintainers:** Are we implementing _Shielded CSV as published_, or are we shipping a zkCoins MVP that intentionally diverges? Both are defensible; we just need to pick before we re-implement the circuit in Plonky2, otherwise we lock in design choices that aren't reviewable against any spec. - ---- - -## 1. `BitVM/zkCoins` Plonky2 Prototype - -**Location (local clone):** `~/Documents/GitHub/zkcoins/BitVM-zkCoins-reference/` -**Upstream:** https://github.com/BitVM/zkCoins -**Size:** 1 crate, 1 file, 182 LOC, 10 commits, last commit `bd8a8c2 "Recursive proving kinda works"` — WIP/abandoned. - -### What it is - -A Plonky2 IVC skeleton (`fn main()` with `println!` demos, no tests) that: -- Pins `plonky2 = "0.2.0"`, `D = 2`, `PoseidonGoldilocksConfig`, `CircuitConfig::standard_recursion_config()`. -- Uses `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` to verify two recursive proofs against the same circuit digest. -- Has a placeholder `mul_add` payload (computes a running sum). -- Demonstrates `add_verifier_data_public_inputs` for circuit-digest pinning. - -### What it isn't - -Despite the repo name, it contains **none** of: SMT, MMR, AccountState, Coin, ProofData, Schnorr verification, recipient model, Bitcoin link, tests, node, scanner. The single `main.rs` is a Plonky2 tutorial-grade IVC demo with no zkCoins semantics. - -### Adoption decisions - -| Aspect | Decision | Why | -| --- | --- | --- | -| `plonky2 = "0.2.0"` version pin | **Adopt** | Same version as the upstream `BitVM/zkCoins` reference; ecosystem-current. | -| `PoseidonGoldilocksConfig`, `D = 2` | **Adopt** | Standard Plonky2 recursion setup. Matches SPEC §12.1. | -| `standard_recursion_config()` | **Adopt as starting point** | Re-evaluate gate budget once we know our N-coin fanout. | -| `common_data_for_recursion()` two-pass build pattern | **Adopt with adaptation** | Plonky2 idiom to stabilise public-input count under cyclic recursion. Need to extend to our (prev account proof + N coin proofs) fanout. | -| `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` for Initial vs. Update branch | **Adapt** | Correct shape but only 2 verification slots in the demo; we need 1 + max_in_coins. | -| `add_verifier_data_public_inputs` | **Adopt** | Direct realisation of SPEC §10's "same-circuit" assertion. | -| Balance logic (commit `60e9d94`) | **Discard** | Toy `mul_add`, no relation to our model. | -| Everything else | **Write from scratch, basing on our SP1 modules** | The reference doesn't have it. | - -**Bottom line:** the BitVM repo saves us maybe 20-30 lines of Plonky2 boilerplate. It does not give us the SMT, MMR, AccountState, or Coin logic for free — those have to be ported from our SP1 modules to Plonky2 constraints by hand. - ---- - -## 2. Shielded CSV Paper (eprint 2025/068) - -### Sources used - -The eprint PDF returned HTTP 403 to automated fetches; instead the analysis relied on: -- **`github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV`** — the **upstream reference implementation** of the PCD compliance predicate, by Nick/Eagen/Linus. This is the normative source. -- Blockstream blog ("Bitcoin's Shielded CSV Protocol Explained") -- Bitcoin Magazine technical article on Shielded CSV -- Bitcoindev mailing-list summary -- Independent analyses (Fairgate newsletter, eliel.nfinic.com) - -Items below cite **[REF-IMPL]** when the source is the upstream Rust code, **[SECONDARY]** when from blogs/list posts. - -### Protocol primitives the paper actually uses - -From `ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV/lib.rs`: - -```rust -pub struct AggregateNullifier { - pub pks: Vec, // each pk = one account update - pub sig: Signature, // half-aggregate BIP-340 Schnorr - pub fee_acct_comm: Commitment, // hiding commitment to publisher's acct -} - -pub struct CoinEssence { - pub address: Commitment, // HIDING commit(acct_id, rand) — not a plain Address - pub amount: u64, - pub idx: [u8; 2], // 2-byte coin index in tx - // FEE_IDX = [0xff, 0xff] -} - -type CoinID = [u8; 34]; // tx_hash(32) || idx(2) -type CoinIDOnChain = [u8; 8]; // blockchain_loc(6) || idx(2) - // 21 bits block height + 22 bits in-block idx -``` - -And from `primitives.rs`: - -- **`AccM` (strong A-SEC accumulator)** for spent coins, keyed by `CoinIDOnChain`, **lexicographically ordered = creation-order ordered**, supports `verify_non_membership_and_insert`. Order matters because it lets managers prune historical subtrees. -- **`ToSAcc` (tuple-of-sets accumulator)** for the on-chain nullifier history, holding `(pk, sig_commitment, blockchain_location, fee_acct_comm)` tuples, supporting `append_set`, `prove_union_membership`, `prove_is_prefix`, `prove_distinct_element`. -- `Commitment` (Pedersen-style, hiding+binding) wraps every recipient address with per-coin randomness for unlinkability. - -### Hash function and field choice - -The reference implementation leaves `hash` and `Commitment::commit` as **unimplemented stubs** — the paper is hash-agnostic, requires only CRH/RO behaviour for `hash` and hiding+binding for `Commitment`. Only BIP-340 Schnorr (secp256k1) is mandatory, because Bitcoin verifies it. **Conclusion:** Poseidon over Goldilocks is within the paper's allowed instantiation space; SHA256 was not normative either. ✓ - -### Recursion - -Paper uses PCD (Proof-Carrying Data) as the abstraction — explicitly **agnostic between recursive SNARKs and folding schemes (Nova-style)**. No mandated recursion-depth bound. **Conclusion:** Plonky2 cyclic recursion is fine. ✓ - -### Account model - -`AcctStateEssence { id: PublicKey, balance: u64, nullifier_pk: PublicKey }` — matches our `AccountState { owner, balance, public_key }` structurally, with two differences: - -- The paper's `id` is itself a `PublicKey` (XOnlyPublicKey), **not** `H(initial_pk)`. We added the extra hash; the paper doesn't. -- Each `AcctState` carries both `spent_accum` (≈ our `coin_history_root`) **and** a claimed `nullifier_accum` snapshot — we carry only the former, which is one of the divergences below. - ---- - -## 3. The 11 Divergences (Our SPEC vs. the Paper) - -Numbered D1–D11. Each is a concrete protocol-level departure. Some are deliberate MVP simplifications, some are accidental, some have security implications. We need to triage them explicitly. - -| # | Our SPEC says | Paper says | Severity | -| --- | --- | --- | --- | -| **D1** | `identifier = H(asth ‖ u32_be(idx))` (32 B), tied to sender's next account-state hash | `CoinID = tx_hash ‖ idx_2B` (34 B); `CoinIDOnChain = blockchain_loc(6 B) ‖ idx_2B` (8 B) for accumulator efficiency. | **Protocol-level**: paper IDs are short on purpose. | -| **D2** | `Coin { recipient: Address = H(initial_pk) }` — plaintext recipient | `coin.essence.address = Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)` — **hiding** commit, per-coin random. | **Privacy regression**: without `rand`, multiple coins to the same recipient are trivially linkable. | -| **D3** | Single Schnorr commitment over `H(asth ‖ ocr)` posted as Taproot inscription, txid prefix `4242` | `AggregateNullifier` — **half-aggregate BIP-340 Schnorr** posted by third-party publishers, no inscription envelope mandate, no `H(asth ‖ ocr)` message. | **Architectural**: we replaced the paper's publisher layer with self-publishing. | -| **D4** | Global state = SMT keyed by `H(pk)`, value `H(asth ‖ ocr)`; MMR over `H(smt_root ‖ prev_mmr_root)` | Global state = `ToSAcc` over `(pk, sig_comm, blockchain_loc, fee_acct_comm)` tuples, with prefix and union-membership proofs. | **Protocol-level**: coin proofs in the paper prefix-prove against `ToSAcc`; our SMT/MMR shape doesn't expose the prefix interface. | -| **D5** | SMT depth 256, hash-keyed (uniform random) | `AccM` is lex-ordered by `CoinIDOnChain` — explicitly to enable pruning old subtrees. | **Scalability**: uniform hash-keyed SMT cannot prune. | -| **D6** | No fee field; no fee output | `fee: u64` field; `FEE_IDX = 0xffff` reserved index; `payment_finalize_fee` mints exactly one coin to the publisher. | **Missing feature**: our circuit cannot produce a fee output. | -| **D7** | No conditional-noop path | Paper supports `conditional_nav` — if the claimed nullifier-accum is no longer a prefix of the chain's, the tx becomes a no-op. | **Reorg safety**: our impl doesn't degrade gracefully under reorgs. | -| **D8** | `Coin` doesn't carry a `nullifier_accum` snapshot | Paper's `Coin` carries the `nullifier_accum` it was minted under; receiver checks this is in their local nullifier-accum history. | **Soundness**: without this snapshot, recipients trust the proof's history-root rather than verifying it independently. | -| **D9** | No range/uniqueness checks on `coin_index` | `idx` is strictly increasing within a tx; `idx == FEE_IDX` reserved. | **Soundness**: malformed coins not rejected. | -| **D10** | `apply_coin` checks `coin.recipient == self.owner` against plaintext owner | Paper opens `Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)` with per-coin `acct_comm_rand` provided as witness. | **Tied to D2**: same hiding-commit issue. | -| **D11** | `MINTING_ADDRESS` hard-coded; one allowed minter | Paper has explicit `issuance(IssuanceProof)` predicate branch (currently stub in upstream); `payment_init_newacct` starts fresh accounts at `balance = 0, nullifier_pk = acct_id`. | **Architectural**: the minting model is left more open in the paper. | - -### Triage recommendation - -For a Plonky2 MVP shipping in weeks-not-months: - -- **Keep as deliberate simplifications (document in README + this file):** D1, D3, D5, D6, D11. These trade flexibility for shipping speed; explicitly call them out so reviewers know. -- **Should-fix before mainnet:** D2 + D10 (privacy regression — recipient unlinkability is a stated zkCoins selling point), D7 (reorg safety — Bitcoin reorgs happen), D8 (soundness — receivers should be able to verify coin age locally). -- **Open / discuss with the maintainers:** D4 (does the SMT+MMR scanner model actually give the same security properties as `ToSAcc` for our threat model?), D9 (cheap to add). - ---- - -## 4. Combined Adoption Decisions - -### From `BitVM/zkCoins` -- Cargo manifest: `plonky2 = "0.2.0"`, no other deps from there. -- IVC scaffolding: `common_data_for_recursion`, `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`. -- Public-input-count stabilisation pattern (the two-pass `builder.print_gate_counts(0)` / build / discard / re-build trick). - -### From `ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV` (paper reference impl) -- **Data-type shapes** for `CoinEssence`, `AcctStateEssence`, `AggregateNullifier`. Even if we stick with our simpler publisher model (D3), align field names + types so cross-reading is possible. -- The `verify_non_membership_and_insert` accumulator API as the canonical SMT operation signature. -- The PCD predicate as the canonical list of asserts. Even if our circuit is structurally different, the **set of facts proven** should be a superset. -- The `payment_init_newacct` flow as the basis for a real (non-hard-coded) account-creation path (addresses D11 long-term). -- Test cases: copy/port their predicate tests as a soundness baseline. - -### From our existing SP1 code (`program/src/`) -- The current `SparseMerkleTree` / `MerkleMountainRange` algorithms (modulo hash swap to Poseidon and lex-ordering for AccM if we go that route). -- The `AccountState`, `Coin`, `Invoice` data shapes (modulo D1, D2 fixes). -- The Account → coin_queue → send flow in `node/src/account_node.rs` — this is host-side glue, no circuit changes here except wiring to the new Plonky2 prover. -- The 12 tests in `program/src/merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs::tests` — survive as-is once `hash_concat` is Poseidon-backed. - -### Newly required work (no upstream donor) -- Plonky2 circuit gadgets for: Poseidon-SMT membership/non-membership/insert, Poseidon-MMR append+prove, Schnorr verification or — if we keep BIP-340 — an in-circuit SHA256 gadget over the Schnorr message (cheap because the message is exactly 64 bytes). -- Range checks on coin indices, balances (u64), and amounts. -- Domain-separation tags as field-element prefixes for leaf/node/identifier/MMR-leaf hashes (cheap with Poseidon, fixes the implicit-tagging issue called out in SPEC §10.5). -- Fixed-shape padding for variable-length input vectors (`in_coins` becomes `[Coin; MAX_IN_COINS]` with no-op slots). - ---- - -## 5. Design Decisions (locked for v1) - -The following decisions are taken. Each is reversible but reversing them means a full circuit rebuild — they will not be re-litigated within v1. - -1. **Paper-fidelity vs. zkCoins variant** → **zkCoins MVP variant for v1.** Paper fidelity (`ToSAcc`, half-aggregate publishers, fee economics, hiding recipient commitments) is deferred to v2. SPEC.md §15 documents the divergences D1–D11. - -2. **Max input coins per send** → **8.** Plonky2 circuits are fixed-shape; the bound has to be a constant. 8 covers >99% of real wallet sends (most are 1–2 in-coins). Coin slots beyond the actual count are filled with `amount = 0` dummies; the circuit treats those as no-ops. - -3. **Hash function** → **Poseidon over Goldilocks (`PoseidonGoldilocksConfig`, `D = 2`)** everywhere in the protocol's Merkle structures — both in-circuit *and* in the scanner state (SMT + MMR). Aligns with the Plonky2 ecosystem default and the BitVM reference config. - -4. **Schnorr message hash** → **BIP-340 secp256k1 stays unchanged.** The wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` where `asth` and `ocr` are 4-element Poseidon outputs serialised big-endian to 32 bytes each. SHA256 lives only at this boundary; everything inside the circuit is Poseidon. No in-circuit SHA256 gadget is needed because the circuit never verifies the BIP-340 signature itself — that happens off-circuit in the scanner. - -5. **Privacy (D2/D10)** → **deferred to v2.** Plaintext recipient addresses for v1. Linkability across multiple coins to the same recipient is a known limitation, called out as a mainnet blocker in SPEC §15. - -6. **Fee model (D6)** → **no fee in v1.** We are the publisher (DFX/zkCoins-operated node), so there is no publisher to compensate. Self-funded operation. - -Hash-function boundary visualisation: - -``` - in-circuit (Poseidon) off-circuit (BIP-340 secp256k1) - ---------------------- -------------------------------- - ProofData wallet derives x-only privkey - ┌──────────┐ wallet computes - │ asth │ ────────┐ msg = SHA256(asth_bytes || ocr_bytes) - │ ocr │ ────────┼──→ sig = schnorr_sign(privkey, msg) - └──────────┘ │ scanner verifies sig - │ scanner inserts (pk, msg) into Poseidon-SMT - └─── serialize each field elt big-endian → 32 B -``` - ---- - -## 6. Sequencing — moved to ROADMAP.md - -The original 9-step strategic outline that lived here was superseded by -the detailed 16-row breakdown in [`ROADMAP.md`](./ROADMAP.md) once -implementation started. The ROADMAP is now authoritative for the -execution plan (status, effort, files, risks). - -Key adjustments made since the original outline: - -- **Step ordering of gadgets** (was: hash → SMT non-inclusion+insert → MMR-append → SHA256). Actual: MMR inclusion → SMT inclusion → SMT non-inclusion verify. The original list mentioned an MMR-append and a SHA256 gadget which turned out to not be needed (MMR is built off-circuit by the scanner; SHA256 lives at the Bitcoin-signing boundary, not in-circuit — see §5.4). -- **No Cargo feature flag for dual backend.** The closed-test-environment decision means step 7 replaces SP1 with Plonky2 outright (see ROADMAP step 7). -- **Node scanner + state DO change** (Poseidon SMT/MMR, not SHA256). Only the on-chain commitment *format* — a single Schnorr inscription with txid prefix `4242` — stays unchanged. - ---- - -## 7. Lessons Learned (during implementation) - -Gotchas, design discoveries, and "would have been nice to know" findings -that emerged while porting steps 1–4d. Each entry includes what it -costs (concrete: a regression test, a comment, a constraint) so a later -contributor can verify the lesson is still load-bearing. - -### 7.1 Poseidon zero-state collision in SMT defaults — **HIGH severity** - -**Discovered:** SMT port (commit `6215009`), failing test -`test_verify_non_inclusion_proofs` at iter=1 (2 leaves). - -**Symptom:** `debug_assert!(node_1 == *parent || node_0 == *parent)` in -the chase loop of `generate_non_inclusion_proof` failed. Investigation -showed the chase had silently diverged from the inserted leaf's path -because *both* children at some level appeared equal to `parent`. - -**Root cause:** Plonky2's Poseidon sponge with state width 12 and zero -capacity init has the property that -`PoseidonHash::hash_no_pad(&[F::ZERO])`, -`PoseidonHash::hash_no_pad(&[F::ZERO, F::ZERO])`, -`PoseidonHash::two_to_one(ZERO_HASH, ZERO_HASH)`, and any other -absorption that leaves the state at all-zeros before permutation all -produce **the same output** — call it `Z = Poseidon(0)`. - -If `DEFAULT_HASHES[TREE_DEPTH] = ZERO_HASH`, then `DEFAULT_HASHES[L]` -for every `L < TREE_DEPTH` is `Z` (after sufficient self-concatenation, -this stabilises in two steps). Any leaf whose value+key are themselves -hashes of zero-derived inputs (very common in tests, but also possible -for real Poseidon-derived keys hitting that exact image) collides with -`DEFAULT_HASHES[TREE_DEPTH - 1]`. The chase loop then sees both default -sibling and propagated leaf-hash as equal and picks the wrong path. - -**Fix:** seed `DEFAULT_HASHES[TREE_DEPTH]` with a domain-separated -non-zero value (verbatim from `program-plonky2/src/merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs`): - -```rust -const EMPTY_LEAF_TAG: &[u8] = b"zkcoins:smt:empty-leaf:v1"; - -pub static DEFAULT_HASHES: LazyLock> = LazyLock::new(|| { - let depth = TREE_DEPTH; - let empty_leaf = hash_bytes(EMPTY_LEAF_TAG); - let mut default_hashes = vec![empty_leaf; depth + 1]; - for level in (0..depth).rev() { - default_hashes[level] = hash_concat(&default_hashes[level + 1], &default_hashes[level + 1]); - } - default_hashes -}); -``` - -**Regression guard:** `leaf_hash_never_collides_with_defaults` in -`sparse_merkle_tree.rs` iterates 50 sample keys × values and asserts -none collides with any `DEFAULT_HASHES[L]`. - -**Generalisation for future gadgets:** any time the protocol uses -"zero" as a sentinel inside a Poseidon hash chain, sanity-check that -the resulting sentinel isn't also a natural image of zero-derived -input. Domain separators are cheap insurance. - -### 7.2 Variable vs. fixed depth in SMT proofs — **MEDIUM severity, decision pending** - -**Discovered:** when porting `verify_smt_non_inclusion` and writing -`verify_and_insert` plans (steps 4c, 4c+). - -**Tension:** the off-circuit SMT uses **path compression**. A single-leaf -subtree at level L stores `leaf_hash` rather than a real `hash_concat` -of children, and `generate_inclusion_proof` / `generate_non_inclusion_proof` -break early when they detect this pattern. The resulting proof has -variable length `K ≤ TREE_DEPTH`. - -Plonky2 circuits are **fixed-shape**: a gadget that processes a path -must commit to its length at circuit-build time. The current gadgets -accept any `path.len()` at *test* time, but the monolithic circuit -(step 5) needs one fixed depth. - -**Two options for step 5:** - -1. **Remove path compression off-circuit.** Every leaf path is hashed - up the full TREE_DEPTH; proofs are uniformly TREE_DEPTH siblings - long. Pros: trivial in-circuit logic; uniform. Cons: changes - `tree.root()` semantics (root is no longer leaf-hash for single-leaf - trees); we'd need to retrofit the test suite and any host code - reading the root. -2. **Keep path compression off-circuit, pre-pad for circuit consumption.** - The host produces a "padded" proof of length TREE_DEPTH where - levels below path compression are filled with computed - `hash_concat(leaf_h, default)` values at each level. Pros: keeps - off-circuit `tree.root()` semantics. Cons: host code complexity; - the padding must be computed correctly (subtle). - -**Status:** unresolved. Decision deferred to step 5 (monolithic circuit). -The risk register R6 flags this; the ROADMAP's 4c+ entry notes the plan -is option 2 unless we hit issues. - -**Concrete cost so far:** the verify gadget accepts variable depth and -works for tests, but the insert gadget hasn't been written yet -precisely because the depth question is unsettled. - -### 7.3 `pw.set_target` returns `Result` in plonky2 1.x — **LOW severity** - -**Discovered:** smoke test for `program-plonky2/src/lib.rs` (commit -`984580f`). - -**Surprise:** the BitVM reference uses plonky2 0.2.0 where -`pw.set_target(target, value)` returns `()`. In plonky2 1.x it returns -`Result<(), anyhow::Error>` and clippy's `unused_must_use` rejects the -old call shape. - -**Fix:** always `.unwrap()` (or properly handle) the result. The error -case shouldn't fire in correctly-written code; the Result is there for -target-overwrite detection. - -```rust -// 0.2.0: pw.set_target(t, v); -// 1.x: pw.set_target(t, v).unwrap(); -``` - -### 7.4 Field-element packing conventions (canonical-reduction safety) — **MEDIUM, codified** - -**Discovered:** during `hash.rs` design. - -**Constraint:** Goldilocks modulus is `p = 2^64 - 2^32 + 1 ≈ 2^64`. A -u64 value just below `2^64` exceeds `p` and `F::from_canonical_u64` -panics in debug builds (release: silent reduction). - -**Packing rules** used throughout this crate: - -| Operation | Bytes per field elt | Why | -| ---------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------- | -| `hash_bytes` | **7** (LE) | 7*8 = 56 bits, safe ceiling. | -| `digest_to_bytes` / `from_bytes` | **8** (BE) | Only works because Poseidon outputs are canonical (< p). Asserted by the protocol invariant; if a user-supplied byte string is fed through `digest_from_bytes`, it MUST come from a prior `digest_to_bytes` of a real digest. | -| `u64_to_limbs` (balance / amount) | **4** (2 limbs) | u32 chunks, never exceeds p. | -| `pubkey_to_limbs` (33-byte pubkey) | **7** (5 limbs LE) | Same as `hash_bytes`. | - -**Invariant to enforce in any future packing function:** input chunks -that fill a Goldilocks element must be ≤ 56 bits unless the value's -canonical reduction is independently guaranteed. - -### 7.5 The Schnorr / Poseidon boundary lives at byte serialisation — **codified** - -**Discovered:** §5.4 decision, then refined while writing -`CommitmentMerkleProofs::verify_commitment`. - -**Rule:** the wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` -where `serialize` is `digest_to_bytes` (32 bytes big-endian per field -element). The scanner verifies the BIP-340 signature and then inserts -the 32-byte message into the global SMT keyed by `H(serialize(pubkey))` -(Poseidon hash of compressed pubkey bytes, then taken as a 32-byte -SMT key). - -There is **no in-circuit SHA256**, **no in-circuit Schnorr verify**. -The boundary is enforced entirely off-circuit, and the proof's public -output (`ProofData`'s `account_state_hash` + `output_coins_root`) -provides the values that the wallet signs. - -**Consequence for D2/D10 fix (privacy):** if we later add hiding -recipient commitments, the commitment construction lives off-circuit -too. The wallet computes `Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)` and the -randomness is a regular witness — no in-circuit Pedersen needed unless -we're verifying commitment openings inside the predicate. - -### 7.6 Tests serialised, memory-resident binaries linger — **LOW, but operationally costly** - -**Discovered:** orphan `node-f8087395d1b79585` process consuming 35 GB -of swap reservation hours after `cargo test` finished. - -**Cause:** when a background `cargo test` is aborted (or completes but -its child test binary doesn't terminate cleanly), the test binary -keeps its allocated arenas in memory and shows up as a giant resident -process in Activity Monitor. - -**Mitigation:** see `program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Test runtime -characteristics" and the `feedback_cleanup_test_binaries` memory entry. -After long test runs: - -```bash -pgrep -f "target/debug/deps/zkcoins_program_plonky2" -# If any output: kill -TERM -``` - -### 7.7 `gh` needs `--repo` in background tasks — **LOW, operational** - -**Discovered:** while running a CI watcher via `Bash` with -`run_in_background: true`. Background processes lose cwd-read -permission in this sandbox, so `cd ... && gh ...` fails with "Unable -to read current working directory: Operation not permitted". - -**Mitigation:** always pass `--repo zk-coins/node` explicitly to gh -commands run in background contexts. Captured in memory as -`feedback_ci_monitor_after_push`. - -### 7.8 Reference repos: BitVM/zkCoins is a 182-LOC toy, ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV is the real one — **codified** - -**Re-stated for emphasis:** the upstream `BitVM/zkCoins` reference -repo is a Plonky2 IVC scaffold (182 LOC, no SMT/MMR/AccountState/Coin/ -Schnorr/tests). The actual normative reference implementation is -`github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV`. Our implementation diverges from -the paper in 11 ways (see §3 of this doc / SPEC.md §15). - -§3 is authoritative for "what does the paper say"; §3's divergence -table D1–D11 is authoritative for "where do we differ and why". - -### 7.9 Defensive bounds checks collapse coverage regions — **codified** - -**Discovered:** while pushing `program-plonky2` from 96.43% to 100% -line coverage (commit `e14d9df`). - -**Symptom:** the MMR's `append` and `get_proof` had explicit -`if 2*idx+1 < len { levels[level][2*idx+1] } else { ZERO_HASH }` -defensive branches. The `else` arm is unreachable in correctly- -maintained state (the capacity-doubling guarantees `len` is always a -power of two ≥ `2*idx+2`), but llvm-cov sees it as an uncovered -region — perpetually below 100%. - -**Fix:** rewrite as -`self.levels[level].get(idx).copied().unwrap_or(ZERO_HASH)`. - -`Option::unwrap_or` is hashed as a single region by llvm-cov — the -"unreachable" path shares the region of the success path. The safety -fallback is preserved (`ZERO_HASH` returned if `get` ever fires the -`None`), but the branch no longer carries its own coverage debt. - -**Generalisation for future code:** when you have a defensive -`if in_bounds { container[i] } else { sentinel }` pattern, prefer -`container.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(sentinel)`. The semantics are -identical and the coverage shape is cleaner. - -### 7.10 Coverage-on-tests: annotate `#[cfg(test)] mod tests` with `coverage(off)` — **codified** - -**Discovered:** same context as 7.9. After closing all genuine -production-side coverage gaps, the crate still measured ~99% lines -because llvm-cov tracks the panic-message-evaluation region inside -`assert!(cond, "msg")`, `assert_eq!`, `assert_ne!`, `should_panic` -macros as a separate region from the success path. Inside a passing -test the `"msg"` region is never executed, so it counts as uncovered. - -**Fix:** add `#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]` to every -test module (i.e. every `#[cfg(test)] mod tests { … }`). This requires -two prerequisites: - -1. `src/lib.rs` declares the feature gate: - `#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, feature(coverage_attribute))]`. - The crate must be built on a nightly toolchain that supports the - `coverage_attribute` feature (we're on `nightly-2025-04-15`). -2. `Cargo.toml` registers the cfg key so the compiler doesn't warn - when building outside the coverage tool: - - ```toml - [lints.rust] - unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(coverage_nightly)"] } - ``` - -The `coverage_nightly` cfg is set automatically by `cargo-llvm-cov` -when it instruments the build; in normal `cargo build` / `cargo test` -runs the attribute is a no-op. - -**Generalisation:** test modules SHOULD always carry the -`coverage(off)` annotation in this codebase; production module-level -docs should not need it. New modules added in the future must include -this annotation if they ship a `#[cfg(test)] mod tests` block — see -`program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Coverage gate" for the rule. - -### 7.11 Hardware target is a Mac Studio M3 Ultra, single host — **codified** - -**Discovered:** explicit architecture decision (commit `79bd39e`, -clarified shortly after). - -**Constraint:** zkCoins runs on a single Mac Studio M3 Ultra (96 GB -unified RAM). On-box compute includes Performance + Efficiency cores, -the integrated Apple Silicon GPU (reachable via Metal), Neural Engine, -and AMX. **External** hardware (NVIDIA, CUDA, GPU farms) and external -cloud proving services (Succinct Prover Network, AWS GPU, Lambda Labs) -are **not** available. If a design overshoots the performance budget, -the design changes; we do not add external hardware. - -**Important caveat about "GPU":** the M3 Ultra has a substantial -integrated GPU (60- or 80-core depending on bin) usable via Metal. -That GPU is on-box and would be fair game *if our prover library -supported it*. Plonky2 currently ships only CPU and CUDA backends — -no Metal — so the GPU sits idle for proving. This is a library -property, not a constraint we imposed. If a Plonky2 Metal backend -becomes available (or we port to Plonky3 which has more options), we -may use the GPU. - -**Implications for design choices made earlier in this document:** - -- §5.3 (Hash function): Poseidon-Goldilocks performance must be - acceptable on the M3 Ultra. Today that's CPU performance, since - Plonky2 has no Metal backend. -- §5.4 (Schnorr boundary): unchanged — boundary lives at byte - serialisation, no in-circuit secp256k1. -- §6 sequencing: step 9's performance budget (`ROADMAP.md` step 9) is - explicitly M3-Ultra-warm-proof ≤ 5 s, ideal ≤ 1 s, memory peak - < 64 GB. If missed, knobs are design-level (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, - drop in-coin recursion, switch to folding) — never external hardware. - -**Implication for the Plonky3 post-MVP path** (`ROADMAP.md`): -BabyBear's GPU-friendliness in the broader literature usually means -CUDA-friendliness, which doesn't help us on Apple Silicon. The -motivation for switching to Plonky3 reduces to "matches SP1-era field -choice / Plonky3-native ecosystem". A separate question is whether -Plonky3's GPU paths might include Metal — if so, that would change -the calculation. - -### 7.12 BitVM's `common_data_for_recursion` is broken under Plonky2 1.1.0 — **codified** - -**Discovered:** building the stage-5a cyclic-recursion PoC (commit -`83fa0c1`). - -**Symptom:** copying BitVM/zkCoins's `common_data_for_recursion` -verbatim into `circuit/main.rs` and calling -`builder.build::()` on the outer cyclic circuit panics with -`Failed to build circuit` at `plonky2/src/plonk/circuit_builder.rs:1067`. -No useful error message; the panic comes from a shape-mismatch deep -in the verifier-data wiring. - -**Root cause:** BitVM is pinned to **Plonky2 0.2.0**. In that version -the canonical `common_data_for_recursion` is **two `verify_proof` -calls in pass 2 and three in pass 3, plus a `ConstantGate` added to -the gate set**. Plonky2 1.1.0's -`conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` produces a different -gate set and public-input shape, so the BitVM-shaped common-data is -no longer a fixed point. The library's outer build then rejects the -mismatch. - -**Fix:** port Plonky2 1.1.0's own canonical -`recursion::cyclic_recursion::tests::common_data_for_recursion` -verbatim — **one `verify_proof` call per pass plus `NoopGate` -padding to `1 << 12` gates**. See -`program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs::common_data_for_recursion_c` -for the working implementation with full source comments. - -**Why we keep both versions in mind:** if anyone later restores -BitVM's three-pass shape (e.g., on the theory that "more verifies = -more robust"), the build will fail again. The 1.1.0 canonical shape -is the only one that works with 1.1.0's `conditionally_verify_*` -machinery; this is not a stylistic preference. - -**Ordering subtlety:** the BitVM reference order is -`add_virtual_public_input` → `add_verifier_data_public_inputs` → -`common_data_for_recursion` → `common_data.num_public_inputs = …`. -Plonky2 1.1.0's own canonical test orders it -`add_virtual_public_input` → `common_data_for_recursion` → -`add_verifier_data_public_inputs` → `common_data.num_public_inputs = …` -instead. The `common_data_for_recursion` function is stateless w.r.t. -the outer builder, so logically the order shouldn't matter — but -match the canonical order to avoid surprises. - -### 7.13 Coverage debt from unreachable Plonky2 `Result<()>` calls — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5a (`83fa0c1`) initial draft used `?` to -propagate the `Result` of -`conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`. `cargo llvm-cov` flagged -the `Err` arm as uncovered, dropping line coverage below the 100 % -gate. - -**The pattern:** Plonky2 library functions like -`conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, -`pw.set_target`, `pw.set_proof_with_pis_target`, -`pw.set_verifier_data_target` all return `Result<…>` even though, in -correct usage, they only return `Err` under invariants we control by -construction (e.g., "common_data well-formed", "target not already -set"). These are unreachable error paths in our code, but `llvm-cov` -counts the branch. - -**Fix recipe — analogous to §7.9 (Option-based defensive checks):** -- For functions that exist only for error propagation (like - `build_cyclic_circuit`), make the function infallible by `.expect`-ing - the unreachable `Err` and dropping `Result<…>` from the signature. - The `expect` message documents the invariant that makes `Err` impossible. -- For witness-population calls inside helpers that already return - `Result<…>` for other reasons (e.g. `data.prove`), keep `.unwrap()` - inline; the surrounding `Result` covers the rest of the contract. - -**Why this is *not* a fallback** (per `feedback_no_fallbacks`): -`.expect` doesn't replace bad output with default output — it -*panics* if the invariant ever breaks. The function's contract is -"this never returns Err under our usage"; making that explicit via -`.expect("…")` is documentation, not silent recovery. If the -invariant later breaks (e.g., library API changes), tests will catch -it via the panic, not a wrong-result soft failure. - -**Residual region not covered:** the `.expect` itself still produces -one llvm-cov region for the panic branch (the `.unwrap_or_else(panic)` -expansion). That's 1 missed region per call. For the line-based MVP -gate (`cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100`) this is fine; for the -region-coverage stretch it's the unavoidable cost of unreachable -defensive paths in `Result`-returning library APIs. - -### 7.14 Path-compressed SMTs are incompatible with cyclic recursion — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5c+ work in progress. The SMT shipped in -`6cf949c` used path compression — a single-leaf subtree at level *K* -had its level-*K* root equal to the leaf hash directly (no hashing -through default siblings down to depth `TREE_DEPTH`). Off-circuit -proofs had variable length *K* ≤ 256. - -**Why it broke:** Plonky2 cyclic recursion requires a stable -`circuit_digest` across builds. The verifier shape — including the -number of hash levels processed by the SMT-inclusion gadget — must -be fixed at build time. Variable-length proofs would have produced -a circuit with `circuit_digest` depending on proof shape, breaking -the recursion fixed-point. - -**Fix:** rewrite the off-circuit SMT to produce always-`TREE_DEPTH` -sibling proofs (`refactor: SMT to uncompressed fixed-256-depth -paths`). Empty subtrees contribute `DEFAULT_HASHES[level + 1]` -siblings, so the on-the-wire proof is 256 × 32 B = 8 KiB regardless -of sparsity. The off-circuit `insert` removes the `current != leaf_h -&& sibling == default → skip hash` short-circuit. Case A/B logic in -`NonInclusionProof` is gone too — non-inclusion is now a proof that -the depth-256 slot holds `DEFAULT_HASHES[TREE_DEPTH]`, full stop. - -**Operational consequence:** roots produced by the new `insert` -differ from the pre-refactor compressed roots. The closed-test-env -strategy (`feedback_zkcoins_closed_test_env`) makes this a free -choice — no on-the-wire compatibility to preserve. - -**Lesson for future merkle structures:** if a structure will be -verified inside a cyclic-recursive circuit, build the off-circuit -proof generator to emit *fixed-shape* proofs from day one. Path -compression and similar size-saving tricks save bytes off-chain but -cost a redesign once you need ZK over the same data. - -### 7.15 Conditional constraints via `select_hash` masking — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5c+ added SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) checks that fire -only on the AccountUpdate branch (`condition = true`). The -`verify_smt_inclusion` / `verify_mmr_inclusion` gadgets internally do -`connect_hashes(computed, expected_root)`, which is unconditional — -they cannot be "switched off" by a guard. - -**Fix recipe:** expose a "compute-only" variant of each verify -gadget (`smt_inclusion_root`, `mmr_inclusion_root`) that returns the -reconstructed root *without* asserting equality. The caller then -constructs the masked target via - -```rust -let target = select_hash(builder, condition, expected_witness, computed); -builder.connect_hashes(computed, target); -``` - -When `condition = false`, `select_hash` collapses to `computed` and -the resulting constraint `connect_hashes(computed, computed)` is -trivially satisfied. When `condition = true`, `target = expected_witness` -and the honest check fires. - -**Why not skip-via-builder-condition:** Plonky2's `CircuitBuilder` -doesn't have a "conditional region" primitive — every gate fires. -Masking via `select` over the *target value* is the standard pattern -(used by Plonky2's own `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, -the cyclic recursion machinery, etc.). - -**Witness-population implication:** the masked-off branch still needs -*some* witness in the placeholders. Stage-5c+ uses a `dummy_cmp()` -helper that constructs a syntactically valid but semantically empty -`CommitmentMerkleProofs` (all `ZERO_HASH`, all-zero indices). The -masked equality constraints accept any witness when `condition = false`. - -### 7.16 MMR root_extended / extend_to for fixed-depth verification — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5c+ needed the in-circuit MMR-inclusion gadget -to run at a fixed depth (`MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN = MMR_MAX_DEPTH - 1 = 31`), -but the off-circuit `MerkleMountainRange` uses capacity-doubling and -produces variable-depth proofs (typically much shorter — `log2(N)` -for a tree with `N` leaves). - -**Fix:** keep the MMR's natural shape (capacity doubles on demand) -but add two helpers: -- `MerkleMountainRange::root_extended(target_path_len)` — start from - the natural root, then walk up additional levels of - `hash_concat(current, ZERO_HASH)` until the path reaches - `target_path_len`. This is what the in-circuit gadget compares - against. -- `MMRProof::extend_to(target_path_len)` — pad the proof's - `path` with `ZERO_HASH` siblings to `target_path_len`. The padded - proof verifies against `root_extended(target_path_len)`. - -The MMR root committed at the protocol boundary (e.g. inside -`ProofData::commitment_history_root`) is always the extended root at -the chosen `MMR_MAX_DEPTH`; everyone — off-circuit MMR users and the -in-circuit verifier — agrees on the same value. - -**Why this beats redesigning the MMR:** the off-circuit MMR's -capacity-doubling shape is convenient for incremental appends -(O(log N) updates). A fixed-shape rewrite would re-allocate the full -tree up front. The `_extended` / `extend_to` helpers preserve the -fast off-circuit path while making the value the in-circuit verifier -needs trivially derivable. - -### 7.17 Per-slot `active`-bit masking for variable-count loops — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5d needed to support a per-account state -transition processing 0..`MAX_IN_COINS` input coins, but the circuit -shape must be fixed (otherwise `circuit_digest` changes per -transaction → cyclic recursion breaks). - -**Pattern:** declare a constant `MAX_IN_COINS` slot count at the -circuit-builder level. Each slot reserves witness targets including -an `active: BoolTarget`. The slot's predicate is wrapped so that -`active = false` makes every constraint trivially satisfied: - -- Equality / hash-match checks: `connect_hashes(computed, select_hash(active, expected, computed))`. -- Value-update accumulators: `running = select_hash(active, new_value, running)`. - -This is the same `select_hash` masking pattern from §7.15, scaled -out across a fixed list of slots. The off-circuit prover decides at -runtime how many slots are active — the unused ones get a dummy -witness (zeroed coin id, zero-filled proof path) that the masked -constraints accept. - -**Caller ergonomics:** for the common case where all slots are -inactive (e.g. Init proofs without in-coins), provide a thin wrapper -`prove_*(args)` that delegates to the explicit -`prove_*_with_in_coins(args, &inactive_dummies)`. The explicit -variant remains available for tests and callers that need to control -slot activity directly. - -**Performance cost:** each masked slot adds the *full* gate count of -the underlying predicate (the masking doesn't save gates — it only -makes the result vacuously satisfied). For stage 5d's SMT -non-inclusion + insert this is ~512 Poseidon hashes per slot at -`TREE_DEPTH = 256`. Bumping `MAX_IN_COINS` from 1 to 8 grows the -circuit by ~3500 hashes — measure before committing to a target. - -### 7.18 `add_virtual_target` requires explicit witnessing; prefer `split_le` — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5d-next initially implemented the balance -overflow check by declaring `new_lo`, `new_hi`, `carry`, `overflow` -as `add_virtual_target()` / `add_virtual_bool_target_safe()` -targets, range-checking them, and `connect()`ing the recomposed -value to the precomputed `sum`. The test failed at proof generation -with `22 generators weren't run` — Plonky2 had no way to fill the -virtual targets. - -**Root cause:** `add_virtual_*` reserves a witness slot but does NOT -attach a generator. The prover must explicitly populate every -virtual target via `pw.set_target` / `pw.set_bool_target`. If the -target's value is determined by other witnesses, the prover would -have to recompute it off-circuit and supply it manually — fragile -and error-prone. - -**Fix:** use `builder.split_le(t, n_bits)`. It internally adds a -`BaseSumGate` whose generator decomposes `t` into `n_bits` bits at -prove time, and constrains each bit to be `{0, 1}` plus the -recomposition `t == Σ bit[i] * 2^i`. The bits come back as -`BoolTarget`s the caller can use, but no explicit witnessing is -needed — given `t`, the bits are uniquely determined. - -For the balance check, `sum_lo ∈ [0, 2^33)` decomposes into 33 bits; -`bits[32]` is the carry; `new_lo = sum_lo - 2^32 * carry` is the -low 32 bits and stays in range by construction. Same pattern for -the hi limb with an `assert_zero(overflow)` at the top. - -**Rule of thumb:** if a target's value is *uniquely determined* by -other targets (low/high decomposition, range checks, comparisons), -look for a Plonky2 gate that ships its own generator -(`split_le`, `range_check`, `add_many`, `arithmetic` family). -Reserve `add_virtual_*` for prover-driven witnesses (e.g. real -secret-key inputs, side channels, off-circuit results that you must -trust the prover for). - -### 7.19 `account_state.hash` lifecycle inside a transition — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage 5d-next-3 (out-coins). The same -`AccountState::hash` value plays three different roles inside the -SPEC §8 state-transition predicate, and conflating them broke a -positive test with a cryptic "Partition was set twice with different -values" Plonky2 error. - -**The three hashes:** - -| Role | Inputs | Used by | -| --- | --- | --- | -| `initial_account_state_hash` | `owner` + INITIAL balance + INITIAL pubkey | SPEC §8 (b) state continuity, (c) commitment-witness check | -| `interim_account_state_hash` | `owner` + POST-in-coins-AND-out-coins balance + INITIAL pubkey | Out-coin identifier derivation: `out_coin.identifier == H(interim_asth || index)` | -| `final_account_state_hash` | `owner` + POST-in-coins-AND-out-coins balance + NEW pubkey | Public output `ProofData.account_state_hash` | - -**Why three not one:** -- The in-coin loop mutates the running balance via `apply_coin`. -- The out-coin loop further mutates it via `send_coins`. -- The pubkey is rotated *after* identifier derivation, *before* the - final commit. - -So: -- (b) and (c) compare against `prev.account_state_hash` and - `mp.commitment_account_state_hash`, both of which witness the - state at *start* of the transition. Use INITIAL balance + INITIAL - pubkey. -- The out-coin identifier `H(account_hash || index)` is computed - *after* subtractions per SPEC §8 step 3. Use POST-subtraction - balance + INITIAL pubkey (rotation happens *after* the loop). -- The committed public output is the state at the *end* of the - transition. Use POST-subtraction balance + NEW pubkey. - -**Common test mistake:** computing the off-circuit expected -identifier `H(account_hash || index)` using the INITIAL balance. -The in-circuit identifier-equality check then fails with a wire -conflict because the prover-supplied identifier doesn't match the -in-circuit `H(interim_asth || index)`. Catch: when writing the -out-coin test fixture, always pre-compute the interim balance from -`initial - out_coin_amount` before hashing. - -### 7.21 Stage 5d-next-4 source-side verification blocked on Plonky2 1.1.0 — **resolved in §7.22** - -**Discovered:** when attempting Stage 5d-next-4 — adding per-in-coin -recursive verification of the source state-transition proof per -SPEC §8 step 2 — two distinct Plonky2 1.1.0 limitations made the -full implementation infeasible for MVP timeline. - -#### Attempted approach A: 8 cyclic verifies in outer circuit - -Added `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` additional `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy::` -calls inside `build_circuit` (one per slot) plus an extended -`common_data_for_recursion_c` with `N_RECURSIVE_VERIFIES = 9` -`verify_proof` calls in pass 3 (1 prev_account + 8 sources). - -The outer's gate count crossed the per-gate-config constants budget -and Plonky2 emitted `ConstantGate { num_consts: 2 }` in the -`common_data.gates` list. But Plonky2's `dummy_circuit` (called from -`dummy_proof_and_vk` inside `_or_dummy`) rebuilds a circuit with just -NoopGate + `add_gate_to_gate_set`, so its `circuit.common.gates` -excludes `ConstantGate`. The `assert_eq!` in `dummy_circuit.rs:116` -fires: - -``` -assertion `left == right` failed - left: CommonCircuitData { gates: [NoopGate, ConstantGate { num_consts: 2 }, ...] } - right: CommonCircuitData { gates: [NoopGate, PoseidonMdsGate, ...] } -``` - -Both `cyclic_base_proof` AND `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` -trigger this assertion. So in Plonky2 1.1.0, **circuits that emit -`ConstantGate` are limited to exactly ONE `_or_dummy` call per outer -build**. - -#### Attempted approach B: in-circuit data-only source check (no cyclic verify) - -Dropped the recursive verify; kept only the SMT inclusion of the -coin in the witnessed `source_output_coins_root` + SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) -chain for the source's commitment in `history_root`. Idea: the -"source is a valid prior transition" property is enforced by the -trusted node only folding validly-proved commitments into the -history MMR — sufficient for node-heavy MVP. - -The outer build then failed with a different error: the cyclic -fixed-point check `goal_data != common` failed at `circuit_builder.rs:1067` -("Failed to build circuit"). The added source-side gates (SMT -inclusion path of 256 levels + CMP chain per slot) pushed outer's -gate count from ~10 k (Stage 5d-next-3) to ~30 k, but the resulting -`CommonCircuitData` shape didn't exactly match what -`common_data_for_recursion_c`'s pass 3 produced — multiple -`INNER_PAD_BITS` values (14, 15, 16, 17) all triggered the mismatch -because the gate-set composition (selector groups, constant counts) -diverged in ways that NoopGate padding alone cannot reconcile. - -#### Decision - -**Defer to Stage 5d-next-5 (post-MVP).** For the zkCoins node-heavy -MVP architecture (node generates all proofs, wallet holds only -private key, single trusted node), the security property "in-coin -came from a valid prior transition" can be enforced **off-circuit**: -the node only folds commitments of validly-proved transitions into -the history MMR. So in-circuit SMT inclusion of the coin in the -witnessed `source_output_coins_root` + CMP chain for the source's -commitment in `history_root` would be sufficient — but even that -hit the build-time `goal_data != common` mismatch. - -Stage 5d-next-3 already implements: -- Prev-account cyclic recursion (1 verify, `condition` selects Init vs Update). -- Full coin-history-side in-coin predicate (SMT non-inclusion + insert, - apply_coin with recipient + balance-overflow). -- Full out-coin processing (SMT non-inclusion + insert, balance - subtraction with underflow, identifier derivation, pubkey rotation). -- SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain for the **prev_account**'s commitment. -- All 10 of 11 SPEC §13 negatives covered (only "source-not-in-history" - is deferred). - -This is sufficient for shipping the MVP. Stage 5d-next-5 paths -forward when revisited: -1. **Aggregator pattern**: separate non-cyclic aggregator circuit - bundling N source verifies, outer verifies one aggregator proof. - Avoids the multi-`_or_dummy` issue. -2. **Plonky2 patch**: upstream fix to make `dummy_circuit` reproduce - `ConstantGate`-containing `common_data` shapes. Significant work. -3. **Single-source build constraints**: rebuild outer so its - `common_data` matches pass-3's exactly even with the additional - source-side gates. Requires understanding Plonky2's selector - group formation. - -**Rule of thumb:** for `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` -to work, the outer's actual `common_data` after build must EXACTLY -match the `common_data` you passed in. Adding constraints / constants -to the outer changes selector groups and can break the match -unrecoverably even with NoopGate padding. Test minor circuit -additions iteratively against the smoke test, not in one big batch. - ---- - -### 7.20 Speed up panic tests via `cyclic_base_proof` short-circuit — **codified** - -**Discovered:** stage-5d-next-3 added panic tests like -`stage_5d_next_3_prove_account_update_panics_on_wrong_in_slot_count` -to cover the `assert_eq!`-message lines in -`prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins`. The first draft -called `prove_initial(...)` to construct a real prev proof before -invoking the function — paying **~13 min wall clock** per "panic" -test at `MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`. Multiply by N panic -tests and the test sweep balloons. - -**The trick:** the slot-count `assert_eq!`s fire at the **top** of -the function, before any witness setting, before `prove`. The -`prev: &ProofWithPublicInputs` parameter is never consumed -in the panic path. Substitute a `cyclic_base_proof(common_data, -verifier_only, empty_pis)` dummy — type-equivalent, ~10 ms to -construct, panic short-circuits before it's touched. - -```rust -let dummy_inner_pis = std::iter::empty::<(usize, F)>().collect(); -let dummy_prev = cyclic_base_proof( - &circuit.common_data, - &circuit.data.verifier_only, - dummy_inner_pis, -); -let _ = prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins( - &circuit, &account_state, ZERO_HASH, &dummy_prev, &dummy_cmp(), - &[], // wrong slot count — assert_eq! fires here - &out_coins, &account_state.public_key, -); -``` - -Net savings on stage 5d-next-3: ~25 min wall per full test sweep -(2 account-update panic tests × ~13 min each). Pattern generalises -to any `should_panic` test whose target's expensive arguments are -only consumed *after* the panic point. - -**Rule of thumb:** when writing a `should_panic` test for a -function with expensive arguments, look at where the panic fires -in the function body — if the arguments aren't accessed before -that point, substitute dummies. - ---- - -### 7.22 Stage 5d-next-5 source-side verification via aggregator pattern — **codified (resolves §7.21)** - -**Discovered:** §7.21 deferred source-side verification because both -attempted paths failed at Plonky2 1.1.0's recursion seams. The -resolution combined two empirical fixes — `ConstantGate::new(2)` -injection in the helper, and the `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1` -relation — with an aggregator-pattern restructure that bundles all -`MAX_IN_COINS` source verifies into a single non-cyclic aggregator -proof. The outer then performs exactly **one** additional verify (the -aggregator), staying under the "one `_or_dummy` per outer" budget -that broke approach A in §7.21. - -#### Final architecture - -``` -┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ -│ SourceAggregatorCircuit (NON-CYCLIC) [PHASE 1] │ -│ │ -│ For each slot i in 0..MAX_IN_COINS: │ -│ active[i]: BoolTarget │ -│ real_proof[i]: ProofWithPublicInputsTarget │ -│ dummy_proof[i]: ProofWithPublicInputsTarget │ -│ conditionally_verify_proof::( │ -│ active[i], │ -│ real_proof[i], st_verifier_data, ← shared │ -│ dummy_proof[i], dummy_vd_target, ← constant │ -│ st_common, │ -│ ) │ -│ │ -│ PIs: │ -│ [i*17 .. i*17 + 16]: source ProofData │ -│ [i*17 + 16]: active bit │ -│ [MAX_IN_COINS*17 .. + 4]: st verifier_data digest │ -│ [MAX_IN_COINS*17 + 4 ..]: st verifier_data sigmas_cap │ -└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ - │ - │ aggregator_proof - ▼ -┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ -│ Outer StateTransitionCircuit (CYCLIC) [PHASE 2a+2b] │ -│ │ -│ verify_proof::( ← hoisted above in-coin loop │ -│ aggregator_proof, │ -│ aggregator_verifier_data, ← constant_verifier_data │ -│ aggregator_common, │ -│ ) │ -│ │ -│ connect_hashes(claimed_st_digest, outer_vd.digest) │ -│ connect_hashes(claimed_st_cap, outer_vd.cap) │ -│ │ -│ Per in-coin slot i (Phase 2b): │ -│ connect(slot.active, aggregator.slot[i].active_pi) │ -│ SMT inclusion of coin_identifier in │ -│ source.output_coins_root (masked by .active) │ -│ Coupling: source.output_coins_root == │ -│ source_cmp.commitment_out_coins_root │ -│ SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain for source.commitment in │ -│ outer's history_root │ -│ │ -│ conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy( │ -│ condition, prev_account_proof, common_data, │ -│ ) │ -│ │ -│ builder.add_gate(ConstantGate::new(2), [0, 0]) ← shape │ -│ │ -└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ -``` - -#### Two empirical insights pinned by `recursion_shape_probe` - -**Insight 1 — `ConstantGate::new(2)` injection (probe-verified).** -`common_data_for_recursion_c_inner` calls two `verify_proof`s in pass -2 and 3 (one cyclic, one against the aggregator). Pass-3's -`ArithmeticGate` instances absorb every routed constant — no -standalone `ConstantGate` ever gets allocated by `builder.build::()`. -But `dummy_circuit`'s rebuild always emits one (its hard-coded `- 2` -NoopGate reservation reserves a row for `PublicInputGate + -ConstantGate`). The `assert_eq!(&circuit.common, common_data)` at -`plonky2-1.1.0/src/recursion/dummy_circuit.rs:116` then panics. - -Probe data (`recursion_shape_probe::dump_pass_3_gates_lists_for_inspection`): - -| Helper variant | `gates.len()` | `ConstantGate`? | `dummy_circuit` | -|---|---:|---|---| -| Stage 5d-next-3 baseline (1 verify, pad 14) | 13 | ✓ | **OK** | -| 2 verify, pad 14, no injection | 12 | ✗ | **PANIC** | -| 2 verify + 1/4/16/64/256 forced constants via `mul(c, zero)` | 12 | ✗ | **PANIC** | -| **2 verify + explicit `ConstantGate::new(2)` injection, pad 14** | **13** | **✓** | **OK** | - -Fix lives in `common_data_for_recursion_c_inner`'s pass 3 — see the -function's in-source comment for the injection rationale. - -**Insight 2 — `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15` (sweep-verified).** -Once `dummy_circuit` accepts the gate-set, the cyclic fixed-point -check at `plonk/circuit_builder.rs:1067` (`goal_data != common`) is -still strict: it requires `outer.common == helper-pass-3 common` -field-by-field. The `build_minimal_outer_for_diagnostic` plus -field-diff exercise isolated the only diverging axis to -`fri_params.degree_bits`, exposing the empirical relation: - -> `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1` - -The helper's pad-bits must therefore equal `outer_degree - 1` to -converge: - -| Stage | outer gate count (approx) | outer_degree | required `pad_bits` | -|---|---:|---:|---:| -| 5d-next-3 (1 verify, no source-side) | ~10 k | 14 | 13 | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 2a (2 verify, no source-side gates) | ~30 k | 15 | **14** | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 2b (2 verify + 8 source slots × {SMT + CMP}) | ~50 k | 16 | **15** | -| Hypothetical future stage crossing 2^16 | > 65 k | 17 | 16 | - -`INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15` makes `helper_degree = 16` match -the full outer's `degree_bits = 16`. - -If any future change crosses a power-of-two gate-count threshold, -rerun the sweep and bump `pad_bits`: - -```bash -cd program-plonky2 -cargo test --release --lib \ - circuit::recursion_shape_probe::dump_phase_2a_pad_bits_sweep \ - -- --ignored --nocapture -``` - -The sweep uses a MINIMAL outer (no real Stage 5d-next-3 / 5d-next-5 -constraints); it establishes the `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1` -relation. The full outer's degree must then be measured directly via -`circuit.data.common.fri_params.degree_bits` and compared. - -#### Phase 2b per-slot constraints - -For slot `i ∈ 0..MAX_IN_COINS`, in `build_circuit`'s in-coin loop: - -1. Extract source `ProofData` from aggregator PIs at offset - `i * PER_SLOT_PIS` — `account_state_hash`, `output_coins_root`, - `commitment_history_root` (`coin_history_root` is unused for - SPEC §8 step 2). -2. **Active-bit binding** — `builder.connect(slot.active.target, - aggregator.slot[i].active_pi)`. Strict equality: there is no way - to consume an in-coin without a verified source proof. -3. **SMT inclusion** of `coin.identifier` in `source.output_coins_root`. - Leaf value = `h(coin.identifier || coin.identifier)` (set-membership - convention, matching the source's own out-coin SMT insertion at - `hash_up_full_path(new_leaf = h(id || id), id_bits, nip_path)`). - Uses `hash_up_full_path` directly — NOT `smt_inclusion_root`, which - would add an extra `smt_leaf_hash` step and break the binding. -4. **Coupling** — `source.output_coins_root == - source_cmp.commitment_out_coins_root`, masked element-wise - (`mul(active, diff) → assert_zero`). -5. **SPEC §8 (c)** — `source.account_state_hash == - source_cmp.commitment_account_state_hash`, masked. -6. **SPEC §8 (d), first half** — SMT inclusion of `commitment = - h(commitment_account_state_hash || commitment_out_coins_root)` at - `source_cmp.smt_key` in `source_cmp.commitment_root`, masked. -7. **SPEC §8 (d), second half** — MMR inclusion of - `h(source_cmp.commitment_root || source_cmp.commitment_root_mmr_sibling)` - at `source_cmp.mmr_a_index` in the outer's `history_root`, masked. -8. **SPEC §8 (e)** — MMR inclusion of `h(source_cmp.prev_smt_in_mmr_leaf - || source.commitment_history_root)` at `source_cmp.mmr_b_index` in - the outer's `history_root`, masked. - -#### Public API extensions - -```rust -pub struct InCoinSourceWitness<'a> { - pub source_proof: &'a ProofWithPublicInputs, - pub source_inclusion: &'a InclusionProof, - pub source_cmp: &'a CommitmentMerkleProofs, -} - -pub fn prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( - circuit, account_state, history_root, - in_coins, out_coins, next_public_key, - sources: &[Option], // MAX_IN_COINS entries -) -> Result>; - -pub fn prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources( - circuit, account_state, history_root, prev, cmp, - in_coins, out_coins, next_public_key, - sources: &[Option], -) -> Result>; -``` - -The legacy all-inactive `prove_*_with_in_and_out_coins` entry points -delegate with `&[None; MAX_IN_COINS]`. Callers with active in-coin -slots **must** use the `_and_sources` variants — the active-bit -binding constraint enforces this at prove time. - -#### Multi-leaf MMR test fixture insight - -`build_test_source_witness` (1-leaf MMR, Phase 2b Initial smoke) and -`build_test_source_and_prev_witnesses` (2-leaf MMR, Phase 2b -AccountUpdate smoke) both ship with the implementation. The 2-leaf -fixture is nontrivial: with BOTH the consumer-prev proof AND the -source proof having `commitment_history_root = ZERO_HASH` (bootstrap), -only ONE of them can use the bootstrap-shaped (e) leaf -`h(? || ZERO_HASH)` at its own MMR index. The fixture resolves this -by folding consumer-prev FIRST (so consumer's leaf is the unique -`h(? || ZERO_HASH)`-shaped leaf at index 0) and source SECOND at -index 1, then having source's (e) "borrow" consumer's bootstrap leaf -at index 0 via `source_cmp.prev_smt_in_mmr_leaf = consumer_smt_root` -and `source_cmp.previous_root_history_proof.1 = consumer_mmr_proof`. -This is a TEST-FIXTURE peculiarity; production producers proving -against a non-empty history don't hit it because they have richer -non-bootstrap MMR shapes available. - -#### Test coverage matrix - -Positives (5 integration tests, all green): - -| Case | Test | -|---|---| -| Init, all-inactive in-coins | `stage_5c_plus_initial_non_mint_zero_balance_accepted` | -| Init, 1 active in-coin + real source proof | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b_initial_with_one_active_in_coin_and_source` | -| Init, in-coin + out-coin + source | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b_initial_combined_in_and_out_coin_with_source` | -| Update, all-inactive in-coins | `stage_5c_plus_initial_then_account_update_with_commitment_proofs` | -| Update, 1 active in-coin + real source proof | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b_account_update_combined_in_and_out_coin_with_source` | - -SPEC §13 source-side negatives (3 cases, all green): - -| Attack | Constraint that catches it | Test | -|---|---|---| -| Source's commitment not in `history_root` (tamper MMR-(e) path) | masked `connect_hashes(mmr_b_computed, history_root)` | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_source_not_in_history_rejected` | -| Coin identifier not in source's `output_coins_root` (tamper SMT path) | masked `connect_hashes(source_inclusion_computed, source_output_coins_root)` | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_coin_not_in_source_ocr_rejected` | -| Wrong `st_verifier_data` witnessed in aggregator | `connect_hashes(claimed_st_digest, outer_vd.circuit_digest)` | `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_wrong_st_vk_on_aggregator_rejected` | - -The wrong-vk negative is non-trivial to construct because the -aggregator's `conditionally_verify_proof` would normally reject a -wrong-vk source proof at aggregator prove-time. The test exploits the -all-inactive case: with no slot active, the aggregator never actually -uses the witnessed `st_verifier_data` for verification (only the -constant-baked `dummy_vd_target` for the dummy branch), so the -aggregator can be proved with a LYING `st_verifier_data`. The lie -then surfaces at the outer's `connect_hashes`. - -#### Benchmark (M3, 24 GB, single-threaded `cargo test --release --lib …`) - -- `stage_5c_plus_initial_non_mint_zero_balance_accepted` (all-inactive - Phase 2b smoke): **~40 s** wall. -- `stage_5c_plus_initial_then_account_update_with_commitment_proofs` - (init → update chain, all-inactive in-coins): **~53 s** wall. -- `stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b_initial_with_one_active_in_coin_and_source` - (Init + 1 active in-coin from source): **~99 s** wall (Init for the - source ~40 s + consumer Init ~50 s). -- `stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b_account_update_combined_in_and_out_coin_with_source` - (Update + in-coin + out-coin + source, 2-leaf MMR): **~154 s** wall - (source Init + consumer prev Init + consumer Update). -- Phase 3 negatives: each ~50–55 s wall (one source Init + one - consumer prove, except the wrong-vk negative which skips the source - build entirely via the all-inactive shortcut). -- `dump_phase_2a_pad_bits_sweep` (`#[ignore]`d diagnostic, 4 rebuilds - of aggregator + minimal outer): **~138 s** wall. - -#### Verification runbook - -```bash -cd program-plonky2 - -# 1. Phase 2a probe (no Phase 2b dependencies). -cargo test --release --lib \ - circuit::recursion_shape_probe::dump_pass_3_gates_lists_for_inspection \ - -- --nocapture -# Expect: baseline_ok=true, 2v_14=false, 2v_14_with_constant_gate=true - -cargo test --release --lib \ - circuit::recursion_shape_probe::dump_phase_2a_pad_bits_sweep \ - -- --ignored --nocapture -# Expect: pad_bits=N → helper_degree=N+1 for N in {14, 15, 16, 17} - -# 2. Phase 2a smokes (all-inactive in-coins; Stage 5d-next-3 regression). -cargo test --release --lib \ - stage_5c_plus_initial_non_mint_zero_balance_accepted \ - -- --nocapture -cargo test --release --lib \ - stage_5c_plus_initial_then_account_update_with_commitment_proofs \ - -- --nocapture - -# 3. Phase 2b positives (active in-coin slots + real source proofs). -cargo test --release --lib stage_5d_next_5_phase_2b -- --nocapture --test-threads=2 - -# 4. Phase 3 negatives. -cargo test --release --lib stage_5d_next_5_phase_3 -- --nocapture --test-threads=2 - -# 5. Aggregator regression (Phase 1). -cargo test --release --lib circuit::source_aggregator::tests:: -``` - -**Rule of thumb:** when a Plonky2 1.1.0 outer circuit needs more than -one `verify_proof`, factor the additional verifies into a non-cyclic -aggregator and verify the aggregator (a single proof) from the outer. -Per outer build, exactly one `_or_dummy` plus one or more -non-`_or_dummy` `verify_proof`s. The aggregator must be built before -the outer (its `verifier_data` is a circuit constant in the outer); -the fixed-point iteration in `common_data_for_recursion_c_inner` then -needs `ConstantGate::new(2)` injection in pass 3 and -`pad_bits = outer_degree - 1` to converge. - -### 7.23 `MINTING_ADDRESS` panic in `tokio::spawn`-ed task swallows node bootstrap — **MEDIUM, codified** - -**Discovered:** first auto-deploy of `zkcoins/node:beta` on the DEV -host post-PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17). The -container started, the REST API bound `0.0.0.0:4242`, but -`https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/health` returned Cloudflare 502 for hours. -`docker compose ps` showed the container as `Up (unhealthy)` — the -tokio worker that owned the HTTP listener panicked on every cold boot -after the Plonky2 migration, while the block-scanner worker kept -processing blocks. No restart, no monitor, no visible failure in -`docker logs`. - -**Root cause:** the Plonky2 migration moved `MINTING_ADDRESS` to a -well-known constant (`hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:minting-address:placeholder:v1")` -in `program-plonky2/src/types.rs`). The SP1-era `ClientAccount::new` -in `node` still derived `address` from the privkey's first child -pubkey; the `assert_eq!` in `start_rest_node` between the two could -never hold again. **And** a panic inside a `tokio::spawn`-ed task by -default only kills the task — the process happily continued in zombie -state for 8 h with the listener dead and the scanner alive. - -**Fix (PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36)):** - -1. **Explicit `MINTING_ADDRESS` override** applied in - `runtime.rs::start_rest_node`: after constructing the - minting `ClientAccount` from `minting_secret.bin`, the code - overwrites `minting_client.address = *MINTING_ADDRESS` so the - on-chain identity matches the well-known constant that the Plonky2 - circuit uses, replacing the failing `assert_eq!`. Matches the - pattern already used in `router_tests.rs::TestAccountData::new_minting_account`. -2. **Global panic hook** installed at the top of `main.rs::main` that - runs the default reporter and then `exit(1)`. Any future tokio - worker panic now crash-loops the container via `restart: - unless-stopped` instead of becoming a silent zombie. -3. **Integration smoke test** (`start_rest_node_binds_and_serves_health`) - that spawns `start_rest_node` against an ephemeral port and probes - `/health` over real TCP. `runtime.rs` was excluded from the - coverage scope, so the bootstrap path that exploded had no test at - all. ~22 s warm; runs in the standard test sweep. -4. **deploy-dev post-curl-retry** in `.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml`: - up to 30 × 10 s polls of `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/info` after - the ssh deploy. A green "Build and deploy to DEV" with a broken - upstream is no longer possible — the workflow fails, the auto-release - PR loses its green check, and the regression surfaces immediately - instead of hours later. Mirrored to deploy-prd in PR [#51](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/51). - -**Lesson:** in async node code, NEVER let a spawned task panic -silently. Either install a global panic hook (the cheap fix taken -here) or wrap every spawned future in a `Result`-returning closure -that explicitly propagates the panic to the main task via a watcher -channel. The deploy workflow must also probe the public health -endpoint before declaring success — `docker compose up -d` exiting 0 -is a build-time signal, not a runtime-readiness signal. - -**Regression guard:** the smoke test fires on every test sweep; the -deploy-dev post-curl-retry fires on every DEV deploy. A regression -that brings back the silent-panic shape fails one or both gates. - -### 7.24 Wrong WS subscribe wire format on self-hosted `mempool/backend` — empirical correction — **codified** - -**Status correction.** An earlier revision of this section claimed -that `mempool/backend:v3.3.1` "does not implement the `track-tx` WS -action". That conclusion was wrong. The backend implements -`track-tx` correctly; the zkCoins publisher had been sending the -subscribe frame in the wrong wire format. Both PR -[#144](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/144) (drop the WS -path) and this codification stand — but for different reasons than -the original write-up gave. - -**What the publisher actually sent (pre-PR-#144, -`node/src/scanner_ws.rs:650-655` on `ae78798^`):** - -```rust -let subscribe = serde_json::json!({ - "action": "track-tx", - "data": txid_str, -}); -``` - -**What `mempool/backend:v3.3.1` parses -(`backend/src/api/websocket-handler.ts`, lines ~165-175):** - -```typescript -if (parsedMessage && parsedMessage['track-tx']) { - if (/^[a-fA-F0-9]{64}$/.test(parsedMessage['track-tx'])) { - client['track-tx'] = parsedMessage['track-tx']; - // ... subscribe, will emit txPosition / txConfirmed frames - } -} -``` - -The backend looks at the top-level `track-tx` key. The publisher's -`{action, data}` envelope has no such key, so the handler falls -through silently — no error frame, no log line, no rejection. - -**What mempool.js (the canonical client) actually sends -(`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mempool/mempool.js/main/src/services/ws/ws-client-node.ts`, -`wsTrackTransaction`):** - -```typescript -export const wsTrackTransaction = (ws: WebSocket, txid: string): void => { - wsActionWrapper(ws, { 'track-tx': txid }); -} -``` - -i.e. `{"track-tx": ""}` as a top-level key — exactly the -shape `websocket-handler.ts` parses. The publisher's frame did -not follow this convention. - -**Empirical verification (DEV host, post-PR-#144 re-probe, May 2026).** -A direct `websocat` probe against -`ws://mempool-api-mutinynet:8999/api/v1/ws` with a live mempool -txid: - -- `{"action":"track-tx","data":""}` → 0 frames in 6 s - (matches the production observation that motivated PR #144). -- `{"track-tx":""}` → immediate `{"txPosition":...}` frame, - followed by `{"txConfirmed":...}` when the next block arrived. - -So the backend was working all along; the publisher's frame was -malformed. - -**Why PR #144 still stands.** Reverting to a WS path with the -correct wire format is not the right move: - -1. **Closed test environment, no external Esplora.** zkCoins runs - against a self-hosted `mempool/backend` colocated with node, - electrs, and bitcoind in the shared Docker `bitcoin` network. - There is no upstream public endpoint to subscribe against. -2. **Topology is race-free without a subscribe.** In that - topology, `bitcoind::sendrawtransaction` returns only after - local-mempool accept, so a sequential - `client.broadcast(commit) → client.broadcast(reveal)` is - already ordered. The WS round-trip the subscribe gave us was a - confirmation of something the REST call already guaranteed. -3. **Simpler code.** The WS subscribe + reconnect-with-backoff + - REST safety-net was three failure modes for a problem the REST - call alone does not have. Removing it shrinks - `publisher.rs`/`scanner_ws.rs` by ~200 lines (see PR #144 diff). - -**Empirically measured impact of PR #144 on DEV `request_log`:** -`/api/mint` p50 40 s → 8.7 s (4.6×); `/api/send + /api/commit` p50 -42 s → 12.7 s (3.3×). Numbers match the predicted shape — the -removed wait was indeed ~30 s of pure latency tax (15 s WS -timeout + REST fallback round-trip). - -**Generalisation for future migrations.** Two distinct lessons, -neither the original one: - -1. When a WebSocket subscribe "doesn't work", verify the wire - format against the canonical client's source before concluding - the server is broken. `mempool.js` is the reference; copy its - frame shape verbatim, do not reconstruct it from the action - name. -2. The original investigation (latency probe → REST-fallback hit - rate → empty-frame WS probe with the wrong format) reached a - plausible-but-wrong root cause because every signal was - consistent with both "backend broken" and "client malformed". - When a server silently drops a request, "the server doesn't - support it" and "we asked for it wrong" look identical from - the client side. Always cross-check the request against a - known-good client's wire format before blaming the server. - -### 7.25 Bootstrap warmup: background over synchronous to preserve API availability — **codified** - -The DEV R2 probe (2026-05-31, see `node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) -measured a ~7 s cold-prove tax on the first `prove_initial` after -`Prover::new()` — paid in production by whichever user request -arrived first after a container restart, surfacing as a ~12 s -`/api/mint` instead of the steady-state ~5 s p50. Two shapes were -considered for hiding the tax inside the bootstrap. - -**Shape A: synchronous warmup before listener bind (PR #147, -closed).** Run `warmup_prover` synchronously between `load_from_pg` -and `TcpListener::bind`. Pushes API offline time per deploy from -~14 s (circuit build) to ~21 s (circuit build + cold prove). Net -benefit per deploy: every user request after the listener binds is -warm. Rejected because the offline-window grew by 50%; the user -constraint is explicit ("API soll wenn immer möglich SOFORT online -sein"). - -**Shape B: background warmup after listener bind (this PR).** Bind -the listener at ~0.1 s, then spawn `warmup_prover` on the -`tokio::task::spawn_blocking` pool so the CPU-bound prove runs on a -blocking-pool thread and does not starve the tokio worker that owns -`axum::serve`. Expose the warmup status as -`AppState::prover_warm: Arc` and gate `/health/ready` on -it: while the task is running the readiness probe returns 503 with -`{"status":"starting","prover":"warming","failures":["prover"]}`. A -load balancer keeps holding traffic on the previous-gen pod through -the ~21 s warmup window; the new pod's `/health` (liveness) returns -200 immediately so the container runtime does not restart it. A user -request that lands DURING the warmup still serves correctly — it -pays the ~7 s cold tax, which is the worst-case-equivalent cost to -the pre-PR-#147 shape but bounded to the ~21 s window instead of -"first request after every deploy". - -Three architecture decisions inside Shape B that are easy to get -wrong: - -1. **`spawn_blocking` over `tokio::spawn`.** Plonky2 `prove_initial` - is CPU-bound (Rayon worker pool, AOT-compiled evaluator caches); - running it on a tokio worker thread would starve every other - future on that worker for ~7 s — including the `axum::serve` - future, which is the entire point of binding the listener first. - `spawn_blocking` runs the closure on the blocking pool, leaving - the tokio workers free to dispatch HTTP requests. - -2. **`Arc` over `Arc>`.** The flag is - write-once + read-many. `AtomicBool::store(true, SeqCst)` is a - single instruction; `RwLock` would add a syscall on every - `/health/ready` read for a flag that flips exactly once per - process lifetime. - -3. **`std::process::exit(1)` over `panic!()`.** A panic inside the - `spawn_blocking` closure surfaces as a `JoinError` only when the - `JoinHandle` is awaited — but we deliberately do not await it - (the listener serves while the warmup runs). A bare `panic!()` - would leave the node running with `prover_warm = false` - permanently, never returning 200 on `/health/ready`. `exit(1)` - crash-loops the container immediately, matching the same severity - as the previous synchronous `expect()` shape. - -The user-visible behavioural change from Shape A to Shape B is the -small window where a request lands during warmup and pays the ~7 s -cold tax. That trade-off is documented in `CONTRIBUTING.md` -("Bootstrap timing") so an operator does not misread the warmup- -window p50 as a regression. - -### 7.27 Job-API admit+poll over synchronous routes — PR1 — **codified** - -**Decision (June 2026, PR `feat/jobs-api-core`).** Replace the synchronous `POST /api/mint`, `POST /api/send`, `POST /api/commit` routes with an admit-then-poll Job-API. Wallet POSTs admit a job row and return `202 Accepted` in milliseconds; a single-worker background `Dispatcher` walks each row through `queued → proving → (awaiting_signature) → broadcasting → completed | failed | cancelled`; the wallet polls `GET /api/jobs/:id` every ~2 s until a terminal status appears. - -**Three problems the synchronous routes had:** - -1. **Three-concurrent-wallet wedge.** Plonky2's Rayon pool fully saturates the M3 Ultra during a prove. Two parallel `/api/send` requests don't double throughput — they halve each prove's wallclock and add cache-thrash overhead. Wallet C, arriving while A and B are mid-prove, blocks on the axum worker until both finish. With ~5 s p50 prove and three users, the third user observes ~15 s before *their* prove even starts. Past three concurrent users the wedge becomes unusable. -2. **Cloudflare 100 s connection cap.** PRD sits behind Cloudflare; a long mint that holds an HTTP connection past 100 s gets the connection killed with a 524. The wallet retries, the node re-pays the prove cost on the new connection, and the cycle repeats. The closed test env lives behind a self-hosted reverse proxy today, but the moment we expose PRD via Cloudflare the same wall lands on every prove. -3. **No mid-flight observability.** A wallet polling for status during a 5 s prove has no way to know whether the node is alive, the prove is on-track, or the publisher is hung — there is just a held connection until 200 / 5xx / timeout. - -**Why REST + polling instead of WebSocket or SSE:** - -The dispatcher publishes status transitions at five known waypoints (`proving`, `awaiting_signature`, `broadcasting`, `completed`, `failed`), not in real time. With ~2 s polls and a typical 5 s prove, the wallet sees at most three intermediate state reads — well under the budget every browser / mobile keep-alive layer already gives a `GET`. SSE would require a long-lived per-wallet TCP connection through Cloudflare (back to the 100 s wall) plus a JavaScript-side event-source plumbing the wallet currently doesn't carry. WebSocket has the same connection-lifetime issue plus a duplex channel we don't need. The cost of polling is one HTTP round-trip every ~2 s; the cost of long-lived push is a new failure-mode (connection drop mid-job → wallet missed the terminal event → has to fall back to polling anyway). Polling is what every long-running operation on Stripe, GitHub, and CI services uses for the same reason. - -**Phase 2 (optional, deferred).** A `/api/jobs/:id/events` SSE channel can be added later for the wallet UI to render a real-time progress bar without polling. PR1 ships the poll-based contract because it covers every observable wallet flow; SSE is a UX-only optimization. - -**Why no Redis or external queue.** Single-host invariant (`feedback_zkcoins_server_heavy_architecture`): every prove is CPU-bound on the M3 Ultra and cannot be horizontally distributed (the Rayon pool is process-local). Closed test env (`feedback_zkcoins_closed_test_env`): we do not promise durable state across PRD restarts during the internal phase, so Postgres-backed job rows give every property an external queue would (durability against process crash, idempotency via `(account, key)` unique index, atomicity via a single row UPDATE) without adding an operational dependency. The boot-time `runtime::boot_resume_jobs` covers the crash-recovery edge: any row left in `proving` or `broadcasting` is marked `failed` (Plonky2 in-memory state is lost on restart; the signed wallet timestamp window has expired anyway), and any row in `awaiting_signature` gets a fresh `Notify` channel + is handed back to the dispatcher to park on. - -**Single dispatcher worker.** Same reasoning as (1) above — running two proves in parallel only thrashes the Rayon pool. The mpsc channel is the queue; channel ordering is the schedule. If we ever scale beyond one node, the dispatcher becomes per-node (each instance owns its own Postgres rows), not a distributed worker pool — but that scaling step is post-MVP. - -**Migrations may wipe** (`feedback_zkcoins_migrations_may_wipe`). Migration `0014_jobs.sql` adds the `jobs` table; the closed test env's reset cycle drops it freely. No data-preservation requirement until mainnet. - -**Pointers.** -- `node/migrations/0014_jobs.sql` — schema + indices -- `node/src/job_store.rs` + `node/src/job_store_tests.rs` — state-layer API (19 testcontainer tests) -- `node/src/flow.rs` — mint/send/commit bodies extracted from the legacy handlers (coverage-excluded) -- `node/src/job_dispatcher.rs` — single-worker loop, `Notify`-based commit-leg wake (coverage-excluded) -- `node/src/router.rs::jobs_*_handler` — admit + poll + cancel routes (100 % covered) -- `node/src/runtime.rs::boot_resume_jobs` — crash-recovery (coverage-excluded) -- `SPEC.md §11.2.1` — wire-level endpoint table -- `CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Job-API lifecycle" — state machine + invariants - -### 7.28 Job-API SSE push channel — PR2 — **codified** - -**Decision (June 2026, PR `feat/jobs-api-sse`, stacked on PR1).** Add an additive `GET /api/jobs/:id/stream` SSE endpoint so wallets that want push updates do not have to pay the ~2 s poll tax. The endpoint emits an initial phase event with the current job snapshot on open, forwards every dispatcher phase transition, and closes with a single terminal event. Polling stays the contract; SSE is a UX-only optimisation. - -**What changed mechanically.** - -1. The `DashMap>` from PR1 became `DashMap>` where `JobNotifier { commit_wake: Arc, phase_tx: broadcast::Sender }`. The commit-wake path is unchanged (`POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` still calls `notifier.commit_wake.notify_one()`); the new `phase_tx` field carries fan-out subscriptions for SSE listeners. -2. Every dispatcher status-persistence site (`set_status`, `set_awaiting_signature`, `complete`, `fail`) is followed by a `publish_phase(...)` call that pushes a `JobPhaseEvent` into the broadcast channel. The `.send().ok()` swallow covers the no-subscribers arm (broadcast's "no active receivers" error). The cancel handler also publishes a terminal `cancelled` event so an SSE subscriber attached before cancel observes the close. -3. The SSE handler (`router::stream_job_handler`) loads the row up-front (404 surfaces with the standard JSON shape, not as an empty stream), subscribes a fresh `broadcast::Receiver` from the per-job notifier, emits an initial event with the current snapshot (`event: phase` for non-terminal, `event: complete` for terminal), and either closes immediately (terminal) or runs the broadcast forwarding loop wrapped by axum's built-in `KeepAlive::new().interval(25 s)` heartbeat. - -**Why broadcast and not watch.** `tokio::sync::watch` only keeps the latest value, so a fast-moving job (`proving → awaiting_signature → broadcasting` within milliseconds) would have the intermediate `proving` event collapsed before the subscriber sees it. `broadcast(32)` keeps a per-subscriber lossless queue and only drops events when a subscriber lags by >32 — which cannot realistically happen for a job that only emits 3-5 events total. `Lagged` is treated as "end of stream" by the handler so a wedged subscriber does not pin the broadcast buffer. - -**Heartbeat (25 s).** Cloudflare Tunnel drops idle HTTP streams after ~100 s; the typical reverse-proxy-friendly heartbeat cadence is 15-30 s (Stripe, GitHub, axum's `KeepAlive::default()`). 25 s is the middle of that band and survives a single dropped heartbeat without doubling bandwidth. - -**Fallback semantics.** When SSE is unavailable (corporate proxy strips `text/event-stream`, sandbox without `EventSource`, network blip mid-stream) the wallet falls back to the existing 2 s poll. The poll contract from PR1 is byte-identical; SSE adds zero new failure modes for clients that do not use it. - -The wallet's `EventSource` performs its own built-in reconnect on transport errors. The WHATWG HTML spec defines a UA-implemented reconnection time, settable per-stream via the `retry:` field; in practice Firefox and Chrome ramp from ~3 s. So the first remediation on `Lagged → end-of-stream` is the browser automatically reopening the channel — at which point the initial-frame snapshot reflects the current row and the wallet observes either the latest non-terminal phase or the terminal frame directly. Only after `EventSource` exhausts its retry budget does the explicit poll fallback kick in. - -**Concurrent-connection bound.** No per-node cap on simultaneous SSE streams is enforced today. The hosted MVP is sized for the closed-test wallet population (low single-digit concurrent connections per dev box), so the work-in-flight is bounded by the prove queue, not by HTTP connection state. A future "self-host with N>100 wallets" deployment would need either (a) a per-node `max_sse_streams` config knob backed by a `Semaphore`, or (b) a reverse-proxy-side concurrent-connection limit. Deferred until that population materialises — capturing here so it does not get lost in the post-MVP backlog. - -**Why not WebSocket.** SSE is a one-way push (server → client), which is exactly what the wallet needs — the wallet's commit signature still goes back via `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit`, not over the stream. WebSocket would buy us duplex bandwidth we do not use, plus a `Sec-WebSocket-Accept` handshake step Cloudflare Tunnel handles less gracefully than chunked-text SSE. SSE also reuses the wallet's existing `fetch`/`EventSource` plumbing — no new client-side library. - -**Coverage.** The pure helpers (`initial_event_from_job`, `event_from_phase`) are covered by 10 unit tests. The handler's load + subscribe path is covered by 4 integration tests against a testcontainers Postgres (404, 500-on-db-error, terminal-job-immediate-close, fan-out from dispatcher publishes). The stream's inner forwarding loop (`build_phase_stream`) is annotated `#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]` because its `tokio::select!` arms depend on real-time broadcast deliveries the deterministic harness cannot fully cover — same pattern as `scanner_ws::run_subscription_loop`. - -**Pointers.** -- `node/src/job_dispatcher.rs::{JobNotifier, JobPhaseEvent, JobNotifyMap, publish_phase}` — broadcast plumbing -- `node/src/router.rs::stream_job_handler` + helpers — SSE handler -- `SPEC.md §11.2.1` — wire-level event-shape examples -- `CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Job-API lifecycle" — SSE fallback semantics - ---- - -## 8. Local Artifacts - -- BitVM/zkCoins reference (cloned): `~/Documents/GitHub/zkcoins/BitVM-zkCoins-reference/` -- Shielded CSV reference implementation files (downloaded by the research agent): `/tmp/shielded_csv_lib.rs`, `/tmp/shielded_csv_primitives.rs`, `/tmp/shielded_csv_node.rs`. **TODO:** clone the full `ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV` repo to `~/Documents/GitHub/zkcoins/ShieldedCSV-reference/` if we decide to make it the normative reference (see §5.1). - ---- - -## 9. References - -- Shielded CSV paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/068 -- Shielded CSV reference implementation: https://github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV -- BitVM/zkCoins Plonky2 prototype: https://github.com/BitVM/zkCoins -- Blockstream blog: https://blog.blockstream.com/bitcoins-shielded-csv-protocol-explained/ -- Bitcoin Magazine: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/shielded-csv-protocol -- Plonky2: https://github.com/0xPolygonZero/plonky2 diff --git a/MULTI_ASSET.md b/MULTI_ASSET.md deleted file mode 100644 index 37cdfc2f..00000000 --- a/MULTI_ASSET.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1198 +0,0 @@ -# Multi-Asset zkCoins Design - -**Status:** Design draft. No code yet. Companion to -[`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md), [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md), -and [`ROADMAP.md`](./ROADMAP.md). Sibling design docs: -[`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md), -[`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md), -[`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md). - -**Authoritative source for:** the multi-asset protocol extension — -scope, locked decisions, circuit and state-layer changes, API shape, -phased rollout, non-goals. - -**Audience:** Engineers implementing the multi-asset upgrade. -Presupposes `SPEC.md` (single-asset protocol), the project -invariants in [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Working on -the Plonky2 Migration", and the `MAX_IN_COINS`/`MAX_OUT_COINS` -fixed-shape fanout of the current circuit. - ---- - -## 0. Status - -Design draft only. The current protocol is single-asset: `Invoice { -amount, recipient }`, `Account { balance: u64, … }`, no `asset_id` -anywhere. This document specifies the extension to a permissionless -multi-asset system — anyone mints a token by name, the creator keeps -ongoing mint authority, transactions stay single-asset, asset -metadata is name + decimals. Implementation tracking lands in -[`ROADMAP.md`](./ROADMAP.md) once the maintainer approves this draft. - ---- - -## 1. Motivation - -zkCoins today serves one asset: the faucet-minted unit returned by -`/api/mint`. The minting account is hard-coded (`MINTING_ADDRESS`, -see [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §8 "Note on the minting account"), the -`Invoice` and `Coin` types carry only `amount + recipient`, and the -account-node's `balance: u64` is a single scalar. - -Multi-asset opens this to any user: anyone mints a new token under a -chosen name, distributes it, and retains the right to issue more. -The shielded-CSV mechanics (per-account history SMT, global -commitment MMR, BIP-340 Schnorr inscription on Bitcoin) carry over -unchanged; the asset identity rides as an extra field on coins, on -invoices, and on the SMT-leaf pre-image. - -Two design pressures pull in opposite directions: - -- **Privacy** — separate per-asset anonymity pools maximise - unlinkability across assets but multiply state and circuit cost. -- **Simplicity** — a single SMT with `asset_id` as a public field on - each commitment keeps the circuit shape unchanged (the only new - in-circuit constraint is "all coins in this transition share the - same `asset_id`") and the prover cost roughly flat. - -This document picks **simplicity**. The privacy trade-off is -explicit: an outside observer learns which asset moved per -transaction; the sender, recipient, and amount stay private as -before. Per-asset privacy pools are deferred (see §12.10). - -The decision space matches `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5's pattern: -each constraint below is locked for v1 and reversible only at the -cost of a circuit redesign. - ---- - -## 2. Decisions (locked) - -The six decisions below are fixed for v1. Reversing any of them -means a non-trivial protocol-level change. - -| # | Decision | Consequence | -| - | -------- | ----------- | -| **M1** | **Token creation is permissionless.** Any account can call `/api/asset/create` and mint a new asset. No whitelist, no admin gate, no fee gate. | The node is a pass-through registrar. Spam pressure is handled by the on-chain inscription fee on the genesis transaction's `Commitment`, not by the node. | -| **M2** | **Creator retains ongoing mint authority.** The asset's genesis transaction pins a `mint_authority_pubkey` (the creator's compressed secp256k1 pubkey). Subsequent `/api/mint` calls require a fresh Schnorr signature verifiable against that pubkey. No fixed-supply rule. | No "burn the key after genesis" mode. Total supply is open-ended; trust in the asset is trust in the creator not to over-issue. Key rotation is out of scope (see §11, §12.7). | -| **M3** | **Asset namespace is first-come-first-served on `name`.** The first genesis transaction binding a given `name` wins; later attempts return `409 Conflict`. Normalisation is `name.to_lowercase()` to remove the cheapest look-alike attacks; the trade-off is documented in §10. | `assets.name UNIQUE` at the SQL layer is the enforcement point. No retroactive renaming, no namespace governance. | -| **M4** | **Privacy pool is a single shared SMT.** `asset_id` is a public field on each coin commitment and a public input on each state-transition proof. Anonymity-set is per-asset (all `asset_id = X` traffic mixes; `asset_id = Y` is a separate pool). | Circuit complexity unchanged modulo one extra public input + one cross-coin equality constraint. Per-asset trees and per-asset MMRs are deferred. | -| **M5** | **Cross-asset transfers are out of protocol.** Every state transition moves exactly one `asset_id`; no atomic A↔B swap inside zkCoins. A↔B trading is a separate DEX layer (out of scope: BitVM2 bridge, Lightning atomic swap, off-protocol order-book). | The in-circuit invariant is simple: all input coins and all output coins in a transition carry the same `asset_id`. Multi-leg trades are wallet-side UX over multiple proofs, or an external swap protocol. | -| **M6** | **On-chain asset metadata is `name + decimals` only.** `name` is UTF-8, ≤ 32 bytes after normalisation; `decimals` is `u8` (0-18). No logo, URI, description, supply cap, or other fields. | Richer metadata (logo, links, social) lives off-chain — a separate registry the wallet may consult by `asset_id`. The on-chain genesis stays small and immutable; see §6.2. `decimals` is pure UX (no on-chain math change). | - -These mirror the lockedness of `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5 (Plonky2 -locked-in decisions) and `BRIDGE_MVP.md` §3 (Bridge locked technical -decisions). Each is testable at 100% coverage per invariant 4 of -[`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md). - ---- - -## 3. Glossary additions - -Extends `SPEC.md` § Glossary. Terms below are referenced throughout -this document. - -| Term | Expansion | Meaning | -| ---- | --------- | ------- | -| **AssetId** | — | `HashDigest`. Deterministic Poseidon digest derived from the genesis pre-image (see §4.2). Public field on every coin commitment and every state-transition proof under the multi-asset extension. | -| **AssetGenesis** | — | The genesis transaction that creates a new asset. Carries `name`, `decimals`, `mint_authority_pubkey`, `initial_supply`, `creator_signature`. Persisted in the `assets` table; published on-chain via the same Schnorr-inscription path as a regular send. | -| **AssetMeta** | — | Off-circuit record holding `(asset_id, name, decimals, mint_authority_pubkey, creator_address, created_at)`. One row per asset in the `assets` table; never mutated after insert (immutable post-genesis). | -| **MintAuthorityKey** | — | The compressed secp256k1 pubkey pinned at genesis. Every subsequent `/api/mint` call for this asset must carry a fresh BIP-340 Schnorr signature verifiable against it. | -| **M1 – M6** | — | Locked design decisions for multi-asset (this document, §2). Mirrors `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`'s `D1–D11` numbering scheme. | - ---- - -## 4. Protocol changes - -### 4.1 Data structures - -The new shape of the core types. Field additions are highlighted in -the diffs below; existing fields keep their semantics from -`SPEC.md`. - -```rust -// shared/src/lib.rs - -pub struct Invoice { - pub amount: Amount, - pub recipient: Address, - pub asset_id: AssetId, // NEW -} - -// program-plonky2/src/types.rs - -pub struct Coin { - pub identifier: HashDigest, - pub recipient: Address, - pub amount: Amount, - pub asset_id: AssetId, // NEW -} - -pub struct CoinTemplate { - pub recipient: Address, - pub amount: Amount, - pub asset_id: AssetId, // NEW -} -``` - -`Account` (in `node/src/account_node.rs`) gains a per-asset -balance map; the old `balance: u64` collapses to "balance of the -default asset" only for the migration window (see §6.3 — there is -no migration window because state is wiped at cutover, so the field -is replaced outright). - -```rust -// node/src/account_node.rs - -pub struct Account { - pub proof: Option, - pub coin_queue: Vec, - pub coin_history: SparseMerkleTree, - pub balances: BTreeMap, // REPLACES `balance: u64` -} -``` - -New record type for the asset registry: - -```rust -// shared/src/lib.rs - -pub struct AssetMeta { - pub asset_id: AssetId, - pub name: String, // normalised, ≤ 32 bytes UTF-8 - pub decimals: u8, // 0-18 - pub mint_authority_pubkey: bitcoin::PublicKey, - pub creator_address: Address, - pub created_at: u64, // unix seconds - pub initial_supply: u64, -} -``` - -The Plonky2 `AccountState` carried inside the circuit — see -`program-plonky2/src/types.rs::AccountState` — stays single-balance -per-proof: each state-transition proof concerns exactly one -`asset_id` (decision **M5**), so `AccountState.balance` is the -balance of *that* asset for the duration of *this* proof. The -per-asset book-keeping for an account lives off-circuit in -`Account.balances`; the prover witnesses only the balance for the -asset being moved. - -This keeps the in-circuit `AccountState` layout (`[owner_limbs(4), -balance_lo, balance_hi, pubkey_x_limbs(4), pubkey_parity]` — see -`SPEC.md` §12.3) almost unchanged. The minimal addition is one new -public input: `asset_id` (4 field elements). - -### 4.2 Asset genesis (creation) - -An asset genesis is a state-transition proof of a new variant — -call it `AssetGenesisProof` — that mints `initial_supply` units to -the creator's account, binds the asset's `name`, `decimals`, and -`mint_authority_pubkey` into the asset registry, and publishes the -same Schnorr-signed `Commitment` as a regular send. - -`AssetId` derivation: - -``` -asset_id := Poseidon( - DOMAIN_TAG_ASSET_GENESIS, - creator_pubkey_limbs(5), - name_limbs(N), - decimals, - timestamp, -) -``` - -`DOMAIN_TAG_ASSET_GENESIS` is a fixed Goldilocks field element -constant (e.g. `hash_bytes(b"zkcoins:asset-genesis:v1")` taken as a -field element). `timestamp` is the genesis request's unix-seconds -value, included so the AssetId is content-addressed: two creators -who pick the same `(creator_pubkey, name, decimals)` (e.g. on a -state-wiped DEV that allows name reuse, or after a future asset -deletion mechanism) still get distinct `asset_id`s. Note that -`assets.name UNIQUE` already prevents production name collisions -on a single instance — the timestamp is belt-and-braces, plus a -provenance marker for off-chain registries. See §12.1 for the -open question on whether to drop it. - -The genesis carries five things into the world: - -1. **`name`** — normalised (`to_lowercase()`, validated UTF-8, ≤ 32 - bytes after normalisation). Uniqueness is enforced at the SQL - layer via the `assets.name UNIQUE` constraint (§6.2). The first - genesis to commit wins; concurrent attempts return `409 - Conflict` (§10). -2. **`decimals`** — `u8`, 0-18. UX-only; no on-chain math depends on - it. -3. **`mint_authority_pubkey`** — compressed secp256k1, pinned for - the life of the asset. -4. **`initial_supply`** — `u64`, minted to the creator's address at - genesis. May be 0 (the creator can choose to mint later via - `/api/mint`). -5. **`creator_signature`** — BIP-340 Schnorr over - `H("zkcoins:asset-genesis" || asset_id || initial_supply_le || - timestamp_le)`, verifiable against `mint_authority_pubkey`. This - binds the genesis transaction to the same key that will sign - future mints, preventing a separate party from claiming the - asset's name. - -### 4.3 Mint (subsequent issuance) - -After genesis, the asset creator may issue further units by calling -`/api/mint { asset_id, recipient, amount, signature, timestamp }`. -The node: - -1. Looks up `AssetMeta` by `asset_id`. Rejects if unknown. -2. Verifies the BIP-340 Schnorr signature over - `H("zkcoins:mint" || asset_id || recipient || amount_le || - timestamp_le)` against the asset's stored - `mint_authority_pubkey`. -3. Rejects if the timestamp is older than 300 s or in the future — - matches the existing replay window in - `verify_send_signature` (`node/src/router.rs`). -4. Runs the prover to produce a state-transition proof that moves - `amount` units of `asset_id` from the asset's mint-authority - account into a fresh coin for `recipient`. The same circuit - shape as a normal send; the only branch difference is that the - in-circuit signature gate fires against `mint_authority_pubkey` - instead of the sender's commitment pubkey (see §5). - -The current `/api/mint` is permissioned only by the node's -faucet config (`feature = "faucet"`, `MINTING_ADDRESS` hard-coded); -under multi-asset it becomes a signed request from any creator for -their own asset. - -### 4.4 Send - -`/api/send` keeps its current shape, with `asset_id` added to the -`Invoice` and the existing Schnorr signature widened to cover it -under a new domain-prefix tag: - -``` -H("zkcoins:send" - || account_address - || recipient - || amount_le - || asset_id - || timestamp_le) -``` - -Existing wallets sign over `SHA256(account_address || recipient -|| amount_le || timestamp_le)` with **no** domain prefix — see -`verify_send_signature` in `node/src/router.rs`. The multi-asset -upgrade does two things to this hash: - -1. **Adds `asset_id`** between `amount_le` and `timestamp_le`. - This is the necessary part — the signature must commit to - which asset is moving. -2. **Prepends `"zkcoins:send"`** as a domain-separation tag. - This is a deliberate defense-in-depth addition, not a passive - widening: it future-proofs against a `/api/mint` or - `/api/asset/create` message hash being reused as a send - signature once those endpoints share the same secp256k1 key - material (the wallet's account key signs both). The mint and - genesis hashes already carry their own `"zkcoins:mint"` and - `"zkcoins:asset-genesis"` prefixes (§4.2, §4.3); adding - `"zkcoins:send"` here normalises the convention across all - three message types. See §12.5 for the open question on - whether the prefix is strictly required given invariant 2. - -Both changes are breaking for the wallet signature shape; bump -`Capabilities.multi_asset` (§7) so wallets know to include them. - -**Single-asset invariant.** In a single transition, all input coins -and all output coins share the same `asset_id`. This is enforced -twice — defense in depth, matching the pattern in -`node/src/account_node.rs::send_coins` (off-circuit pre-check) -and `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` (in-circuit constraint): - -- **Off-circuit (node pre-check):** before paying prove cost, - iterate `account.coin_queue` and `invoices`, assert every - `asset_id` equals the transition's claimed `asset_id`. Reject - with `400 Mixed assets in single transition` on mismatch. -- **In-circuit (ZK constraint):** see §5.2. - -### 4.5 Balance - -`/api/balance` returns a map of `{ asset_id_hex: amount }` instead -of a single `balance: u64`. Single-asset clients see a one-entry -map under the well-known "default" asset id; multi-asset clients -iterate. - -```json -{ - "address": "ab12…", - "balances": [ - { "asset_id": "00112233…", "amount": 42 }, - { "asset_id": "deadbeef…", "amount": 1000 } - ] -} -``` - -Because the response shape changes, bump -`Capabilities.multi_asset = true` so single-asset clients can fall -back gracefully. See §7 for the full API delta. - ---- - -## 5. ZK-circuit changes (Plonky2) - -The state-transition circuit lives in -`program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`. The multi-asset extension is -additive: one new public input, one new cross-coin equality -constraint per active in-coin and out-coin slot, no shape change to -the cyclic-recursion plumbing. - -### 5.1 New public input - -`ProofData` gains an `asset_id` field. Public-input layout becomes: - -| slot range | meaning | -| ---------- | ------------------------ | -| 0..4 | account_state_hash | -| 4..8 | output_coins_root | -| 8..12 | commitment_history_root | -| 12..16 | coin_history_root | -| **16..20** | **asset_id (new)** | - -`N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS` increases from 16 to 20. Knock-on -effects: - -- `ProofData::to_field_elements` (`program-plonky2/src/types.rs`) - and `ProofData::from_field_elements` extend by one - `HashDigest`. -- `state_transition_num_pis()` in `circuit/main.rs` recomputes - to `20 + 4 + 4 * cap_elements`. -- The cyclic-recursion `common_data_for_recursion_c_inner` rebuild - picks up the new PI count automatically once - `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS` is bumped; no manual padding tweak - required, but the `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5` constant - should be re-verified by `recursion_shape_probe::dump_*` per the - procedure in `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22 to confirm the - helper-degree → outer-degree match still holds at the new PI - count. - -### 5.2 New in-circuit constraints - -The single-asset invariant (M5) is enforced as a fan-in equality -gate: every active in-coin slot's `coin.asset_id` and every active -out-coin slot's `out_coin.asset_id` is connected to the -transition's `asset_id` public input. Inactive slots are masked by -their `active` bit, identical to the existing balance / recipient -gates in `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`. - -```rust -// Pseudo-code, fits next to the existing per-slot recipient + amount checks -// in the in-coin and out-coin loops in circuit/main.rs. - -for slot in in_coin_slots { - // Existing: `slot.active * (slot.recipient - account.owner) == 0` - // New: - // `slot.active * (slot.asset_id - transition_asset_id) == 0` - connect_hashes_masked(&mut builder, slot.active, slot.asset_id, transition_asset_id); -} - -for slot in out_coin_slots { - connect_hashes_masked(&mut builder, slot.active, slot.asset_id, transition_asset_id); -} -``` - -Coin identifier derivation (`calculate_coin_identifier` in -`program-plonky2/src/types.rs`) extends to include `asset_id` so -that the same recipient/amount pair on two different assets -produces distinct identifiers: - -``` -identifier := Poseidon(account_state_hash, asset_id, u32(coin_index)) -``` - -The SMT leaf pre-image for the coin-history SMT -(`SparseMerkleTree::insert(key, value)` keyed by -`coin.identifier`) automatically inherits the new identifier -shape; no SMT-layer change is required. - -### 5.3 Mint-branch signature constraint - -The current circuit handles the faucet mint via the -`MINTING_ADDRESS` exception (`SPEC.md` §8 "Note on the minting -account"). Under multi-asset this generalises: the genesis and the -ongoing mint paths take the `AssetGenesisProof` / -`AssetMintProof` branches in `ProofType`, and the in-circuit -constraint becomes "the request is signed by the asset's -`mint_authority_pubkey`". - -Two viable architectures, mirroring the recurring trade-off in -`SPEC.md` §12.6: - -1. **Off-circuit Schnorr verify (preferred for v1).** The node - verifies the BIP-340 Schnorr signature with the existing - `secp.verify_schnorr` call (the same path used by - `verify_send_signature` in `node/src/router.rs`), and the - in-circuit branch only enforces that the proof's - `mint_authority_pubkey` public input matches the - asset-registry-stored value. The asset registry is node state, - not on-chain state — the mainnet hardening track decides whether - this is acceptable (it is for the closed test environment per - invariant 2 of [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md)). -2. **In-circuit Schnorr verify.** Add a BIP-340 Schnorr gadget to - the circuit, witness the signature, and verify in-circuit. More - expensive (Schnorr-on-secp256k1 inside Plonky2 is non-trivial - — see `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5.4) and not required for the - trust model decided in M1 + M2. - -→ **v1: option 1.** The mint-authority pubkey is a regular - public-input on the genesis/mint branches; the signature check is - off-circuit. The architectural call is open at §12.6 — flip to - in-circuit if a future deployment requires the stronger trust - model. - -### 5.4 Prover cost delta - -The per-tx cost delta is **minor**: - -- +4 public inputs (one new `HashDigest` worth) per proof. -- +4 × (`MAX_IN_COINS` + `MAX_OUT_COINS`) = +64 masked-equality - field-element constraints per proof. Each `connect_hashes_masked` - on a `HashOut` (4 elements per Plonky2 - `NUM_HASH_OUT_ELTS`) lands four masked-equality gates; with - `MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8` per - `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`, that is 16 slots × 4 = - 64 gates total — negligible against the ~50 k-gate outer - circuit (`INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15`). -- One extra `HashOut` (4 field elements) added to the - coin-identifier pre-image (was `(asth_4, coin_index_1)` = 5 - elements; now `(asth_4, asset_id_4, coin_index_1)` = 9 - elements). Plonky2 Goldilocks Poseidon has `SPONGE_RATE = 8` - (`plonky2::hash::poseidon::SPONGE_RATE`), so 5 elements - absorbed in one permutation; 9 elements now absorb in two. The - per-coin Poseidon cost roughly doubles for the identifier - derivation, but this is one extra permutation per slot — - negligible against the per-slot work elsewhere in the circuit. - -The R2 performance budget from `CONTRIBUTING.md` invariant 3 (warm -≤ 5 s, ≤ 64 GB peak) is not threatened by multi-asset alone. - -### 5.5 Cite-points - -For implementers, the relevant code sites in the current circuit: - -- Public-input count: `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs::N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS`. -- Per-slot in-coin processing (where the new `asset_id` equality - gate lands): the in-coin loop in `build_circuit`. -- Per-slot out-coin processing: the out-coin loop in - `build_circuit`, alongside the existing identifier-check. -- Coin-identifier derivation: `program-plonky2/src/types.rs::calculate_coin_identifier`. -- Padding constants: `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5`, - re-verified via `recursion_shape_probe::dump_phase_2a_pad_bits_sweep`. - ---- - -## 6. State layer - -### 6.1 SMT changes - -Coin commitments include `asset_id` in the pre-image via the new -`calculate_coin_identifier` formula (§5.2). The SMT structure stays -single-tree per **M4**; `asset_id` is just one more field in the -leaf pre-image, so the existing `program-plonky2/src/merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs` -needs no structural change. The global commitment-history SMT and -MMR (see `SPEC.md` §5) keep their current shape — they are keyed by -the commitment pubkey, not by `asset_id`, so cross-asset proofs -share the same history root and the same anonymity-set at the -commitment layer. - -### 6.2 Postgres schema deltas - -New table `assets` — one row per registered asset, immutable -post-insert: - -```sql -CREATE TABLE assets ( - asset_id BYTEA PRIMARY KEY, - name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE, - decimals SMALLINT NOT NULL, - mint_authority_pubkey BYTEA NOT NULL, - creator_address BYTEA NOT NULL, - initial_supply BIGINT NOT NULL, - created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW() -); - -CREATE INDEX assets_name_idx ON assets (name); -``` - -The `name UNIQUE` constraint is the first-come-first-served -enforcement point (decision M3 / §10). - -The `accounts` row needs to hold a per-asset balance. Two options -match the trade-off space of `SPEC.md` §12.8 and `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` -§5: simpler vs. more queryable. - -**Option (a) — JSONB column on `accounts`:** - -```sql -ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN balances JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'; --- Shape: { "": , ... } -``` - -**Option (b) — separate `account_balances` table:** - -```sql -CREATE TABLE account_balances ( - address BYTEA NOT NULL REFERENCES accounts(address) ON DELETE CASCADE, - asset_id BYTEA NOT NULL REFERENCES assets(asset_id), - amount BIGINT NOT NULL, - PRIMARY KEY (address, asset_id) -); -``` - -→ **v1: option (a).** The bincode-`Account`-in-`BYTEA` pattern -already used for the `accounts` table (see -`CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Persistent State") composes naturally with a -`BTreeMap` field on `Account`; the JSONB column is a -side index for ad-hoc queries (`SELECT … WHERE balances ? -''` works in Postgres). If the operational team later -needs richer balance queries (top-holders, distribution histograms), -add option (b) as a derived table populated by a trigger; not -needed for the MVP. - -The `minting_meta.num_pubkeys` counter that the faucet uses -(`CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Persistent State") becomes per-asset. -Simplest shape: fold it into `assets` as a `num_pubkeys BIGINT NOT -NULL DEFAULT 0` column, advanced atomically per mint. - -```sql -ALTER TABLE assets ADD COLUMN num_pubkeys BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0; -``` - -The standalone `minting_meta` row is dropped at cutover (no -migration window, see §6.3). - -### 6.3 Migration notes - -Per [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 2 ("Closed -test environment — DEV *and* PRD"), the cutover wipes node state -and starts fresh. No live-migration logic. - -The recovery procedure from `CONTRIBUTING.md` § "DEV state -recovery" applies as written: stop the node, truncate every -state-layer table (now including `assets`), drop the proofs -directory, restart. The pre-multi-asset coins are abandoned on-chain -(they're random test data); the new node starts at genesis with -an empty `assets` table. - -PR-A1/A2/A3 already left DEV and PRD with empty Postgres state -after the Plonky2 cutover (`SPEC.md` invariant 2; PR -[#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) finalised the -state-wipe pattern). Multi-asset reuses the same operational -procedure; no new wipe tooling required. - ---- - -## 7. API changes - -For each endpoint, the new shape and back-compat note. - -### 7.1 `POST /api/asset/create` (new) - -Genesis a new asset. - -``` -Body: -{ - "name": "FOO", - "decimals": 8, - "initial_supply": 1000000, - "mint_authority_pubkey": "<33-byte hex>", - "signature": "<64-byte BIP-340 Schnorr hex>", - "timestamp": 1716393600 -} - -Response (201 Created): -{ - "asset_id": "<32-byte hex>", - "name": "foo" -} - -Response (409 Conflict): -{ "error": "asset name already taken" } -``` - -The handler: - -1. Normalises `name` (`to_lowercase()`, UTF-8-validate, byte-length - check ≤ 32). -2. Validates `decimals ∈ [0, 18]`. -3. Verifies the BIP-340 Schnorr signature against - `mint_authority_pubkey` over - `H("zkcoins:asset-genesis" || name_normalised || decimals || - initial_supply_le || timestamp_le)`. -4. Computes `asset_id` per §4.2. -5. Begins a transaction: `INSERT INTO assets … ON CONFLICT (name) - DO NOTHING`. If the insert affected zero rows, the name was - already taken — return 409. Otherwise, run the prover to - produce the `AssetGenesisProof`, persist the proof file, and - advance the SMT. This matches the existing - `UsernameStore::claim` pattern in `node/src/username.rs` - (`ON CONFLICT (username) DO NOTHING` + post-check on the - returned row count). -6. Returns `{ asset_id, name }`. - -Suggested handler name: `asset_create_handler`. Suggested request -type: `AssetCreateRequest`. - -### 7.2 `GET /api/asset/list` (new) - -List every known asset. - -``` -Response: -{ - "assets": [ - { - "asset_id": "", - "name": "foo", - "decimals": 8, - "mint_authority_pubkey": "<33-byte hex>", - "creator_address": "<32-byte hex>", - "initial_supply": 1000000, - "num_pubkeys": 42, - "created_at": "2026-05-22T12:00:00Z" - }, - … - ] -} -``` - -Suggested handler name: `asset_list_handler`. Read-only; serves -straight from the `assets` table; cache headers per the existing -`/api/info` pattern. - -### 7.3 `GET /api/asset/info/:id_or_name` (new) - -Single-asset lookup. Path parameter is either the lowercased name -or the hex-encoded `asset_id`. Returns one of the records from -`/api/asset/list`'s `assets` array, or `404 Not Found`. - -Suggested handler name: `asset_info_handler`. - -### 7.4 `POST /api/mint` (modified) - -The current faucet semantics -(`feature = "faucet"`, no signature required because the node is -the minter) are removed. The new shape: - -``` -Body: -{ - "asset_id": "", - "recipient": "
", - "amount": 100, - "signature": "", - "timestamp": 1716393600 -} -``` - -Handler verifies the signature against the asset's stored -`mint_authority_pubkey` (§4.3). The faucet shortcut survives only -as the "creator never signed away the key, so they can call this" -case — it is no longer privileged. - -`feature = "faucet"` is collapsed into the always-on path; the -`Capabilities.faucet` flag stays for back-compat but is wired to -`multi_asset` truthiness (see §7.8). - -### 7.5 `POST /api/send` (modified) - -Adds `asset_id` to the request body: - -``` -Body: -{ - "account_address": "", - "recipient": "", - "amount": 100, - "asset_id": "", // NEW - "public_key": "<33-byte hex>", - "signature": "", - "timestamp": 1716393600 -} -``` - -The Schnorr-signed message extends to cover `asset_id` (see §4.4). -Existing single-asset wallets break here unless they update to the -new signature shape — gated by `Capabilities.multi_asset`. - -### 7.6 `GET /api/balance` (modified — breaking) - -Was: - -```json -{ "balance": 1234, "username": "alice" } -``` - -Becomes: - -```json -{ - "balances": [ - { "asset_id": "", "amount": 1234 } - ], - "username": "alice" -} -``` - -This is a breaking change for single-asset wallets. They MUST gate -on `Capabilities.multi_asset` and switch parser. There is no -back-compat shim — the migration is at cutover, the closed -environment makes it safe (invariant 2). - -### 7.7 `POST /api/commit` (unchanged) - -Shape unchanged. The underlying proof carries `asset_id` because -it is now part of `ProofData`, but the commit endpoint's wire -shape (proof_id + Schnorr commitment) does not. - -### 7.8 `GET /api/info` (modified) - -`Capabilities` gains `multi_asset`: - -```rust -pub struct Capabilities { - pub address_list: bool, - pub faucet: bool, - pub usernames: bool, - pub lnurl: bool, - pub multi_asset: bool, // NEW -} -``` - -The `faucet` flag stays for wallet-side back-compat (it has been -`false` since PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) -on both DEV and PRD anyway) but is functionally subsumed by -`multi_asset = true` once the upgrade lands. - ---- - -## 8. Wallet (client) impact - -This document is node-centric. The wallet (`zk-coins/app`) -adapts in four places; full design is out of scope here. - -- **Per-asset balance display.** The wallet's home screen renders a - list of `(asset_meta, amount)` rather than a single balance. - Drives a `/api/asset/list` fetch on first open and on background - refresh; `asset_id → AssetMeta` lookup is cached. -- **Asset selection in the send flow.** The send screen gains an - asset picker. The wallet's existing single-asset send becomes - "send the default asset"; the new send-flow is "pick asset, - enter amount, recipient". -- **Create-asset UX.** New screen: name, decimals, initial supply. - Signs the genesis request with the wallet's existing key - derivation tree — `mint_authority_pubkey` is the wallet's - account pubkey, no new key material required. -- **Schnorr signature scope.** The same BIP-340 key signs over the - extended message (now including `asset_id`); no key-management - changes. - -The current Schnorr-derivation pattern (BIP-32 child key per -commitment, derivation index = `num_pubkeys - 1`) carries over -without modification. `asset_id` is an extra field hashed into the -signed message, not a separate keyspace. - ---- - -## 9. Privacy properties - -The trade-off picked by M4 is explicit: per-transaction privacy -narrows from "anyone on the protocol" to "anyone on this asset". - -| Observer learns | From | When | -| --------------- | ---- | ---- | -| Transaction exists | On-chain `4242`-prefix inscription | Real-time | -| `asset_id` of the transaction | Public input of the proof, included in `ProofData` and the inscription's commitment message | Real-time | -| Transaction count per asset | Aggregate scanner data | Real-time | -| Total on-chain throughput per asset | Aggregate scanner data | Real-time | - -| Observer does **not** learn | Why | -| --------------------------- | --- | -| Sender address | Shielded by the SMT/MMR structure (`SPEC.md` §5) | -| Recipient address | Same | -| Amount | Same | -| Cross-asset linkage | Each transition concerns exactly one asset (M5); the wallet does not bundle transactions across assets | - -**Anonymity set:** per asset. All transfers of asset X mix -together; transfers of asset Y are a separate pool because -`asset_id` is public on the commitment. A new asset with low -volume has a small anonymity set on day one and grows with -adoption; this is the privacy/simplicity trade-off the design -accepts under M4. - -**Mitigation paths (out of scope for v1):** - -- Per-asset privacy pools with a per-asset SMT and a per-asset - MMR. Multiplies state cost by `n_assets`; deferred (§12.10). -- Hide `asset_id` behind a commitment (Pedersen `Commitment::commit(asset_id, rand)`) - in the on-chain inscription. Closes the "asset_id is public" - leak at the cost of a `Commitment::commit` opening in every - recipient's proof — same shape as the D2/D10 hiding-recipient - fix in `SPEC.md` §15. Tracked in §12.11. - -The two mitigations compose; they are tracked together in §12.10 -and §12.11. - ---- - -## 10. First-come-first-served namespace enforcement - -The mechanics behind decision M3. - -- **SQL enforcement.** `assets.name UNIQUE` + `INSERT … ON CONFLICT - (name) DO NOTHING` — the same pattern as the username store - (see `CONTRIBUTING.md` § "Persistent State" `usernames` row). - Whichever genesis transaction commits first wins. Concurrent - attempts on the same name receive `409 Conflict`. -- **No retroactive renaming.** Once `assets.name` is set, it is - immutable. The `assets` row is never `UPDATE`d after insert; - there is no admin endpoint to rename. -- **Case-insensitive normalisation.** `name.to_lowercase()` (Rust - default, locale-independent Unicode lowercasing) is applied at - validation time and at lookup time. This removes the cheapest - homograph class (`USDT` vs `usdt` vs `Usdt`) at the cost of - ruling out distinct names that differ only in case. -- **Trade-off acknowledged.** Full homograph defence - (`u` vs Cyrillic `u`, zero-width-joiner attacks) is out of scope - for v1. The same trade-off applies as in `feedback_dns_migration` - — every name shown in the wallet UI MUST be displayed with both - `name` and `asset_id` (the asset_id is the trust anchor; the - name is UX). Wallets that show only `name` carry the homograph - risk. - -Race-handling at the database layer is the canonical solution; do -not rely on application-side locking. Postgres' MVCC guarantees -that exactly one writer wins the unique-key race; the others' -`INSERT ... ON CONFLICT (name) DO NOTHING` returns zero affected -rows, which the handler translates to HTTP 409. This avoids the -need to catch and re-classify a `23505 unique_violation` — -matches `db::claim_username` in `node/src/db.rs`. - ---- - -## 11. Mint authority - -The mechanics behind decision M2. - -- **Genesis pins `mint_authority_pubkey`.** Compressed secp256k1, - written into the `assets` row at creation, immutable thereafter. -- **Subsequent mint signature.** Every `/api/mint` request carries - a BIP-340 Schnorr signature over - `SHA256("zkcoins:mint" || asset_id || recipient || amount_le || - timestamp_le)`, verified against the asset's - `mint_authority_pubkey`. Same secp256k1 primitive as the send - signature (`verify_send_signature` in `node/src/router.rs`); no - new crypto primitive. -- **Replay protection.** 5-minute timestamp window - (`now.abs_diff(timestamp) > 300 → reject`), matching the - existing pattern. -- **Per-asset request counter.** The `assets.num_pubkeys` column - advances per mint (§6.2). The minting account's - `prev_commitment_pubkey` is derived from this counter exactly as - the existing faucet's `minting_meta.num_pubkeys` does today. -- **No fixed supply.** The protocol does not enforce a hard cap. - Total supply is `initial_supply + Σ(mint amounts)`. Off-chain - registries may publish supply caps as a social convention; the - protocol does not. -- **Key rotation is out of scope.** A creator who loses their - mint-authority key loses the ability to mint more units. There - is no admin override, no rotation endpoint, no escape hatch. - Future work — see §12.7. - ---- - -## 12. Open questions / future work - -Three groups: open architectural questions the maintainer needs -to rule on before P2 starts (§12.1 – §12.6), deferred features -the design explicitly punts on (§12.7 – §12.12), and one -semantic clarification (§12.13). Bullets follow the shape of -`BRIDGE_MVP.md` §13. - -### 12.1 AssetId pre-image: keep `timestamp` or drop it? - -§4.2 includes `timestamp` in the Poseidon pre-image alongside -`creator_pubkey`, `name`, and `decimals`. The `assets.name UNIQUE` -constraint (M3 / §10) already enforces first-come-first-served -name uniqueness at the SQL layer, so `timestamp` is not load- -bearing for collision resistance on a single instance. - -- **Choice in doc:** include `timestamp`. Acts as a provenance - marker (off-chain registries learn when the asset was created - by inspecting the AssetId) and lets the same `(pubkey, name, - decimals)` tuple produce distinct AssetIds across state-wiped - test environments. -- **Alternative:** drop `timestamp`. AssetId becomes a pure - function of `(creator_pubkey, name, decimals)`; reproducible - across environments; smaller pre-image. -- **Trade-off:** keeping it costs nothing on-chain (one extra - field element in a Poseidon pre-image, already covered by §5.4) - and gives a free provenance hint. Dropping it makes AssetIds - reproducible across DEV/PRD, which simplifies cross-environment - testing but means a wiped DEV that re-creates `("FOO", 8)` from - the same creator collides with the old AssetId — fine in - practice (state is wiped together) but worth a maintainer call. - -### 12.2 Postgres balance shape: JSONB column vs separate table? - -§6.2 picks **option (a) — JSONB column on `accounts`**. The -trade-off is real and the maintainer may prefer (b). - -- **Choice in doc:** JSONB column. Composes naturally with the - existing `bincode-Account-in-BYTEA` pattern; the JSONB is a - side index for `WHERE balances ? ''` queries. -- **Alternative:** separate `account_balances` table keyed by - `(address, asset_id)` with a `BIGINT amount` column. Cleaner - for Postgres-side queries (top-holders, distribution - histograms, `SUM(amount) WHERE asset_id = X` for total - supply audits). -- **Trade-off:** JSONB minimises moving parts but pushes - query complexity into application code. The separate table - multiplies writes per state transition (one row per affected - asset per account) but makes operational queries trivial. If - the maintainer expects significant on-Postgres analytics - tooling, switch to (b) before P3 lands. - -### 12.3 Wallet rollout coordination for the breaking `/api/balance` shape - -§7.6 changes `/api/balance` from `{ balance: u64 }` to `{ -balances: [{ asset_id, amount }] }`. This is the single -client-visible breaking change in the upgrade. - -- **Choice in doc:** gate purely on `Capabilities.multi_asset = - true` from `/api/info`. Wallets check the capability flag on - every boot and switch their parser accordingly. -- **Alternative:** add a `version: u32` field to - `/api/balance`'s response (and to `/api/info`'s `Capabilities`) - so wallets can detect the schema bump even if they fail to - re-fetch `/api/info` first. Or: ship both shapes for a - cutover window (`balances` and `balance` both populated for - N days). -- **Trade-off:** invariant 2 (closed test environment, DEV and - PRD) makes the capability-flag approach safe — there are no - external wallets to worry about, and the wallet - (zk-coins/app) and node roll out together in lockstep. - Adding a version field is belt-and-braces that costs nothing - but pollutes the JSON. Recommend keeping capability-flag only - unless the maintainer wants the safety net. - -### 12.4 Unicode homograph defence beyond `to_lowercase()`? - -§10 picks case-insensitive normalisation via `name.to_lowercase()`. -This defends `USDT` / `Usdt` / `usdt` but not Cyrillic-А (U+0410) -vs Latin-A (U+0041), zero-width-joiner attacks, or other Unicode -confusables. - -- **Choice in doc:** Rust's locale-independent `to_lowercase()` - only. Wallet UI is expected to display both `name` and - `asset_id` so the AssetId is the trust anchor. -- **Alternative:** NFKC normalisation + a Unicode confusables - filter (e.g. `unicode-security` crate's `mixed_script_confusable` - detection) at the validation stage. Rejects names whose - script mix is suspicious; closes the most common phishing - vectors at registry-write time. -- **Trade-off:** `to_lowercase()` alone is cheap and reversible - but trusts the wallet UX to enforce the rest. NFKC + - confusables is the right long-term answer but adds a - dependency and rejects some legitimate names (mixed-script - brand names). The current design takes the cheap path and - treats the AssetId as the trust anchor; if mainnet hardening - ever lands, revisit at the namespace-governance step. - -### 12.5 `"zkcoins:send"` domain-tag: keep, drop, or version? - -§4.4 introduces a `"zkcoins:send"` domain-separation prefix on -the send-signature hash. Current `verify_send_signature` signs -without a prefix. - -- **Choice in doc:** add the prefix as defense-in-depth, mirroring - the `"zkcoins:mint"` and `"zkcoins:asset-genesis"` prefixes - on the other two message types. -- **Alternative:** keep the unprefixed shape and only add - `asset_id` to the existing fields. Simpler diff against the - current `verify_send_signature`; one fewer thing for the - wallet to update. -- **Trade-off:** the prefix prevents future cross-message - signature reuse (e.g. a malicious peer convincing a wallet to - sign what looks like a send but is actually a mint over the - same key material). Under invariant 2 (closed environment), - the attack surface is low — but the prefix is free at - signing time and the wallet update is a single hashing tweak - bundled with the `asset_id` widening. Recommend keeping - unless the maintainer objects to the broader signature - shape change. - -### 12.6 Off-circuit vs in-circuit Schnorr for the mint branch - -§5.3 picks off-circuit Schnorr verify for the mint and genesis -branches. The asset registry is node state, not on-chain state. - -- **Choice in doc:** off-circuit verify via existing - `secp.verify_schnorr`. The in-circuit branch only enforces - that the proof's `mint_authority_pubkey` matches the - registry value. -- **Alternative:** in-circuit BIP-340 Schnorr-on-secp256k1 - gadget. Verifies the mint signature inside the proof itself; - removes the node-state trust assumption. -- **Trade-off:** in-circuit Schnorr-on-secp256k1 is non-trivial - in Plonky2 (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5.4 has the analysis). - For the closed test environment (invariant 2), off-circuit - is sufficient. If a future deployment treats minting as a - bridge primitive or moves to a trust-minimised setting, this - decision flips and the gadget cost lands in the prover - budget. - -### 12.7 Key rotation for mint authority (deferred feature) - -If a creator loses their signing key (or wants to migrate to a -new one), the asset is effectively frozen at its current supply. -A rotation mechanism — signed by the old key, written as an -`assets.rotation_pubkey` column — is the obvious extension. Out -of scope for v1 to keep the genesis path immutable; revisit -once a real key-loss event lands. - -### 12.8 Richer on-chain metadata (deferred feature) - -Logos, URIs, descriptions, social links. M6 explicitly excludes -these — they live in an off-chain registry the wallet consults -by `asset_id`. The on-chain genesis stays small. - -### 12.9 Cross-asset atomic swap inside zkCoins (deferred feature) - -M5 defers this. Trading happens on a separate DEX layer; the -BitVM2 bridge (`BRIDGE_MVP.md`) and the Lightning atomic swap -layer (`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`) are the canonical -out-of-protocol paths. - -### 12.10 Per-asset privacy pools (deferred feature) - -M4 picks the shared-pool design for simplicity. A per-asset -SMT + per-asset MMR raises anonymity-set per asset to "the -asset's own traffic, hidden from other assets' traffic" — same -as Tornado-style pool separation. Cost: multiplies state and -Bitcoin-side commitment traffic by `n_assets`. Deferred. - -### 12.11 Hiding `asset_id` on-chain (deferred feature) - -Combines with the D2/D10 hiding-recipient fix in `SPEC.md` §15. -Out of scope for v1; tracked alongside the mainnet-blocker -privacy fixes. Closes the "asset_id is public on every -commitment" leak at the cost of a `Commitment::commit` opening -in every recipient's proof. - -### 12.12 Burn (asset deflation) (deferred feature) - -Not in MVP. If a future creator wants explicit burn, the -cleanest design is a sentinel recipient address (`BURN_ADDRESS -= HashDigest::ZERO` or a domain-separated constant) that the -circuit treats as a coin sink with no corresponding -`apply_coin`. Adds one branch in -`account_node::receive_coin`. Defer until a real use case -arrives. - -### 12.13 Decimals semantics (clarification) - -Purely UX-display. The on-chain `amount` is a `u64`; the -wallet formats with `decimals` for display only. No on-chain -math change. The protocol does not enforce that `amount % -10**decimals` makes sense. - ---- - -## 13. Implementation order - -Phased rollout, mapped to PR boundaries. Effort estimates are -qualitative (S = small, M = medium, L = large, XL = extra large) -per the convention in `BRIDGE_MVP.md` §12.1. - -| Phase | Scope | Effort | Risk | -| ----- | ----- | ------ | ---- | -| **P1 — Shared types + AssetId plumbing** | `shared/src/lib.rs` gains `AssetId`, `AssetMeta`; `Invoice` gains `asset_id`; `program-plonky2/src/types.rs::Coin`/`CoinTemplate` gain `asset_id`. No behaviour change yet — the field is propagated but the node defaults it to a placeholder `DEFAULT_ASSET_ID` so existing tests pass unchanged. Drop in a `MULTI_ASSET_FIXME` comment at every site that will need real handling in P5. | **S** | Low — mechanical | -| **P2 — Circuit extension** | `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`: bump `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS` to 20, add `asset_id` public input, add per-slot masked-equality gates, extend `calculate_coin_identifier`. Re-run `recursion_shape_probe::dump_phase_2a_pad_bits_sweep` to confirm padding still fits. Coverage gate stays at 100%. The single heaviest lift. | **L** | Medium — cyclic-recursion padding may shift | -| **P3 — Asset registry endpoints** | `POST /api/asset/create`, `GET /api/asset/list`, `GET /api/asset/info/:id_or_name`. New `assets` table migration. SQL `name UNIQUE` enforcement. Handler tests for the 409-on-conflict race. | **M** | Low — standard HTTP API extension | -| **P4 — Mint signature verification** | `POST /api/mint` switches from faucet to signed creator-mint. Per-asset `num_pubkeys` counter. The faucet shortcut is removed; the always-on `Capabilities.faucet` is rewired to `multi_asset`. | **M** | Medium — replaces a known-good code path; tests must cover the per-asset replay protection | -| **P5 — Send + balance + commit shape** | `POST /api/send` extends signed message, `GET /api/balance` becomes per-asset map, single-asset off-circuit pre-check enforces M5, `Capabilities.multi_asset = true`. Backfill the `MULTI_ASSET_FIXME` sites from P1. | **L** | Medium — multiple coupled changes, all wallet-visible | -| **P6 — Wallet adaptation** | `zk-coins/app`: balance display, send-flow asset picker, create-asset UX. Separate PR(s) in the app repo, gated on `Capabilities.multi_asset` from the node's `/api/info`. | **L** | Medium — UX-heavy, parallel to node work | - -**Aggregate effort: M + L + M + M + L + L ≈ 4 person-months at -full focus.** Phase 1 can begin immediately; Phase 2 is the heavy -lift and gates Phases 3 onward. - -Per [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) invariant 4, every -phase ships with 100% test coverage on the activated surface -(`cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100 -- --test-threads=1` from -inside the affected crate). Negative tests — proof rejection when -in-coin `asset_id` differs from out-coin `asset_id`, signature -verification failure on a forged mint, 409 on duplicate name — are -mandatory. - ---- - -## 14. Non-Goals (Restated) - -So nobody scope-creeps: - -- Migrating existing single-asset state — **not in v1** (closed - test environment, state-wipe at cutover per invariant 2). -- Per-asset privacy pools — **deferred** (§12.10, decision M4). -- Cross-asset atomic swaps inside zkCoins — **out of protocol** - (decision M5, §12.9; lives in the BitVM bridge / Lightning - swap docs). -- Rich on-chain metadata (logo, URI, description) — **excluded** - (decision M6, §12.8). -- Mint-authority key rotation — **deferred** (§11, §12.7). -- Burn / deflationary mechanics — **not in MVP** (§12.12). -- In-circuit BIP-340 Schnorr verify for the mint branch — - **open architectural call** (§5.3, §12.6). -- Homograph-attack defence beyond `to_lowercase()` normalisation — - **open architectural call** (§10, §12.4). - ---- - -## 15. References - -- [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) — single-asset protocol specification. - Multi-asset is additive to §3 (Account Model), §4 (Merkle - Structures), §7 (Program Inputs), §8 (Circuit Logic), §9 - (Public Output). -- [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) — Plonky2 - rationale, §5 (locked decisions), §7 (lessons learned). - Multi-asset extends the §5-style decisions list; the §7.22 - cyclic-recursion padding methodology applies to verifying the - new public-input count against `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5`. -- [`ROADMAP.md`](./ROADMAP.md) — status tracker. Add a row per - phase from §13 once implementation starts. -- [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) — structural reference for - this document. -- [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) — the - out-of-protocol cross-asset trading layer. -- [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) — the BTC-side - cross-asset trading layer. -- [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) — project invariants, - decision recipe, pre-push checklist. -- `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` — circuit entry point; - see `N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS`, `MAX_IN_COINS`, `MAX_OUT_COINS`, - `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5`. -- `program-plonky2/src/types.rs` — `Coin`, `CoinTemplate`, - `AccountState`, `ProofData`, `calculate_coin_identifier`. -- `shared/src/lib.rs` — `Invoice`, `ClientAccount::create_commitment`. -- `node/src/account_node.rs` — `Account`, `send_coins`, the - off-circuit pre-check pattern that the new single-asset - invariant follows. -- `node/src/router.rs` — `verify_send_signature` (mint signature - follows the same 5-minute replay window and message-hash - pattern), `Capabilities`. - ---- - -## 16. Change Log - -| Date | Change | -| ---- | ------ | -| 2026-05-22 | Initial draft. | diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 50793009..c14294ba 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Per-module coverage (CI-gated): ## Running -Requires access to a Bitcoin node. See [Backend docs](https://docs.zkcoins.app/infrastructure/backend). +Requires access to a Bitcoin node with an Esplora-compatible indexer (electrs) — see [Docker](#docker) and [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) for setup. ```bash cargo run -p node @@ -337,17 +337,17 @@ Build time: ~5 minutes (Rust compilation on ARM64). ## Proving Strategy -zkCoins is **node-heavy**: a single trusted node generates all proofs, the wallet holds only the private key and signs BIP-340 Schnorr over `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. There is no in-browser Poseidon, no wasm-Plonky2 verifier, no in-app ZK gadget. See [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) §13 + the memory `feedback_zkcoins_server_side_compute` for the full rationale. +zkCoins is **node-heavy**: a single trusted node generates all proofs, the wallet holds only the private key and signs BIP-340 Schnorr over `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. There is no in-browser Poseidon, no wasm-Plonky2 verifier, no in-app ZK gadget. See the [protocol specification](https://docs.zkcoins.app/specification) for the full rationale. **Hardware target: Mac Studio M3 Ultra** (96 GB unified RAM, single host). All on-box compute is available: Performance + Efficiency cores, the integrated Apple Silicon GPU (via Metal — currently unused because Plonky2 ships CPU + CUDA backends only), Neural Engine, AMX. **Not available**: external GPU accelerators (no NVIDIA, no CUDA), no cloud prover services (no Succinct Prover Network, no AWS GPU). Performance budget is what the M3 Ultra delivers; if a design overshoots, the design changes — we do not add external hardware. -Current cyclic-recursion proof times at production parameters (`MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, `INNER_PAD_BITS = 14`): 3–15 min wall per `prove_*` call. See [`program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md`](./program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md) for the detailed test-time table. +Current cyclic-recursion proof times at production parameters (`MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, `INNER_PAD_BITS = 14`): 3–15 min wall per `prove_*` call. The detailed test-time table is archived in [zk-coins/research](https://github.com/zk-coins/research/tree/develop/zkcoins-design/program-plonky2-sessions). ## Open Tasks - [ ] Step 9: signet end-to-end roundtrip against `dev.zkcoins.app` (create account → mint → send → receive) - [ ] Step 9: R2 performance measurement on the M3 Ultra (warm proof ≤ 5 s target ≤ 1 s; cold ≤ 30 s; peak mem < 64 GB) -- [ ] Pre-mainnet hardening: D2/D10 (hiding recipient), D7 (reorg safety), D8 (per-coin nullifier-accum) — see `SPEC.md` §15 +- [ ] Pre-mainnet hardening: D2/D10 (hiding recipient), D7 (reorg safety), D8 (per-coin nullifier-accum) — see the [protocol specification](https://docs.zkcoins.app/specification) divergence list - [ ] Explorer endpoints (`/api/stats`, `/api/nullifiers`) - [ ] Light client support @@ -361,16 +361,12 @@ Current cyclic-recursion proof times at production parameters (`MAX_IN_COINS = M ## Design Documents -| Document | Scope | Status | -| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ | -| [`LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md`](./LIGHTNING_ATOMIC_SWAP.md) | Trustless LN ↔ zkCoins atomic swap design (HTLC on inscription funding tx) | Draft | -| [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md) | BTC ↔ zkCoins trustless mint/burn bridge — landscape, BitVM2 / Glock / Mosaic comparison, N=100 federation target | Draft | -| [`BRIDGE_MVP.md`](./BRIDGE_MVP.md) | Engineering spec for the bridge MVP — 8 phases, file-by-file, 5–7 months effort estimate | Draft | - -These documents describe the bridge and swap roadmap. They build on -the Plonky2 migration that landed via PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) -on 2026-05-18 and cross-reference `SPEC.md`, `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, -and `ROADMAP.md`. +Protocol design drafts (LN atomic swap, BitVM/Glock bridge, multi-asset, Arkade +integration, migration research) and the circuit/single-asset spec live in the +research repo under [`zk-coins/research` → `zkcoins-design/`](https://github.com/zk-coins/research/tree/develop/zkcoins-design). +The target-design protocol specification and the roadmap are published on the docs +site: [docs.zkcoins.app/specification](https://docs.zkcoins.app/specification) and +[docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap](https://docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap). ## Protocol diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md deleted file mode 100644 index 579ee595..00000000 --- a/ROADMAP.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,530 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky2 Migration Roadmap - -Living tracker for the SP1 → Plonky2 + Poseidon migration. **Updated on -every commit to `develop`** — if this file is stale relative to recent -commits, that is a bug. The migration PR ([#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17)) -merged 2026-05-18; Steps 1–8 are done and Step 9 is partially done -(DEV live, signet e2e roundtrip + R2 performance measurement remain). -With the migration essentially complete, the roadmap's active focus is -**decentralization** — see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node). - -Source documents: - -- [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Working on the Plonky2 Migration" — **start here for fresh sessions.** Onboarding, project invariants, decision recipe, pre-push checklist, foot-gun summary, navigation aid for everything below. -- [`SPEC.md`](./SPEC.md) — protocol specification (the *what*). -- [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) — analysis of the upstream references + design decisions + **§7 Lessons Learned during implementation** (the *why* + *what bit us*). -- [`program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md`](./program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md) — operational handoff: toolchain, build/test/lint commands, runtime characteristics, pitfalls (the *how to actually hack on this*). -- This file — execution plan, status, estimates (the *when and how-overview*). - ---- - -## Status at a Glance - -Legend: ✅ done · 🟡 in progress · ⏳ todo. Effort estimates are -person-days at full focus; multiply for part-time work. - -| # | Step | Status | Effort | Risk | -| - | ---- | ------ | ------ | ---- | -| 1 | Reconcile `SPEC.md` with paper divergences | ✅ done | — | — | -| 2 | Scaffold `program-plonky2/` standalone crate | ✅ done | — | — | -| 3a | Port off-circuit Poseidon hash + byte conversion | ✅ done | — | — | -| 3b | Port off-circuit sparse Merkle tree to Poseidon | ✅ done | — | low (regression covered) | -| 3c | Port off-circuit MMR to Poseidon | ✅ done | — | — | -| 3d | Port off-circuit `AccountState`/`Coin`/`ProofData` | ✅ done | — | — | -| 4a | In-circuit MMR inclusion gadget | ✅ done | — | — | -| 4b | In-circuit SMT inclusion gadget | ✅ done | — | — | -| 4c | In-circuit SMT non-inclusion gadget (verify only) | ✅ done | — | — | -| 4c+ | In-circuit SMT insert gadget (new-root computation) | ✅ done | — | — | -| 4d | Port `ProgramInputs` + `CommitmentMerkleProofs` types | ✅ done | — | — | -| 5 | Monolithic state-transition circuit (recursion, padding, vk-pin) | ✅ done (5a/5b/5c/5c+/5d/5d-next-3/5d-next-5). Stage 5d-next-5 source-side cyclic verify landed via PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23) — aggregator pattern + Phase 2b per-slot SMT inclusion + SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain + 3 §13 negatives. See [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721) for the empirical insights (`ConstantGate::new(2)` injection + `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1` sweep). | — | — | -| 6 | `script-plonky2/` host-side prover wrapper | ✅ done (`d96bb62`) | — | — | -| 7 | Node: **replace** SP1 path with Plonky2 (no feature flag, no dual backend) | ✅ done — `send_coins` performs **in-circuit source-side validation via Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2 aggregator** (PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23)); off-circuit pre-checks retained as defense-in-depth (microsecond-level fast-fail before the minute-scale prove). Initial node cut (`c71c9fc`) ran off-circuit-only because Phase 2 was deferred; the in-circuit wiring landed via the Step-7 follow-up. Dockerfile re-introduced (`dac0179`). 106 node tests pass on the MVP build, 119 with `--all-features` (32 baseline + 10 inline error-path in `d6a3cb9` + 64 ported SP1-era fixtures re-enabled in `account_node_tests.rs` / `router_tests.rs` + 13 feature-gated). Smoke-test verified end-to-end (`cargo run` + `/health` + `/api/info`, block scanner connects). | — | — | -| 8 | App / wallet: Schnorr-signing boundary, node-API integration | ✅ done — `zk-coins/app` ships `wasm.createCommitment(xpriv, num_pubkeys, asth_hex, ocr_hex)` (in `app/rust/client/src/lib.rs`) signing `SHA256(asth ‖ ocr)` via BIP-340 Schnorr (D11). Two-phase send: `/api/send` (Phase 1, proof) → `/api/commit` (Phase 2, signature). API client in `app/src/lib/api/client.ts` covers `info` / `balance` / `send` / `commit` / `mint` / `username/*` endpoints exactly matching API routes registered at `node/src/router.rs:1261–1289`. WASM mock + Vitest coverage gate already enforced in app repo. | — | — | -| 9 | DEV deployment + end-to-end roundtrip on signet | 🟡 DEV live — PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) merged 2026-05-18 21:50 UTC; auto-deploy via `.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml` landed `zkcoins/node:beta` on `dev-api.zkcoins.app`. `/health` → 200 `ok`; `/api/info` → 200 with `{network:"Mutinynet", capabilities:{address_list, faucet, usernames, lnurl: true}, username_domain:"dev.zkcoins.app"}` (post-[#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) `address_list` and `lnurl` are `false` because DEV ships the MVP-only binary identical to PRD; `faucet` and `usernames` are hardcoded `true` — mint and usernames are permanent MVP, not feature-gated; the `usernames` Cargo feature was later removed outright — see PR [#76](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/76)). Bootstrap-unblock fix in PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36) (explicit `MINTING_ADDRESS` override + global panic hook + smoke test + deploy-dev post-curl-retry; see [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.23](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#723-minting_address-panic-in-tokiospawn-ed-task-swallows-node-bootstrap--medium-codified)). Deploy concurrency guards + PRD smoke test in PR [#51](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/51). DEV/PRD parity (drop DEV-only Cargo features + remove `DEV_SKIP_BROADCAST_FAILURE` env-gate) in PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73). **Remaining:** ① e2e roundtrip (create account → mint → send → receive) on signet from `dev.zkcoins.app`; ② R2 measurement on M3 Ultra (warm ≤ 5 s, ideal ≤ 1 s; cold ≤ 30 s; peak mem < 64 GB); ③ reactive: redesign per R2 if the budget is missed. | 2–4 d | medium | -| — | **Current focus: Decentralization** — S1 trustless receive · S2/D8 · S3/D7 · S4 own chain · S5/D11 emission · S6/D2/D10 privacy · S7/D6 (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)) | 🟡 active | **~4–6 weeks** | high (protocol work) | - -**MVP status:** Steps 1–8 ✅ done. Step 9 partially done — DEV is live and serving traffic; signet e2e roundtrip and the R2 performance measurement on M3 Ultra remain. **Remaining engineering effort: 0 d** for the migration itself; **remaining ops effort: ~2–4 d** for the e2e probe campaign + R2 budget check. If the R2 budget holds on first measurement, the migration is complete and the project moves to the decentralization track (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)). - -### Definition of "MVP" - -For this project, an "MVP" is **minimum viable** in two simultaneous senses, both non-negotiable: - -1. **Minimal feature surface.** Only what's needed for one complete user loop (create account → mint → send → receive → balance updates). No feature-bloat. If a capability is not on the critical path for that loop, it does not enter the MVP — see SPEC.md §15's deferred items. -2. **100% test coverage on the activated surface.** Same standard as the SP1/SHA256 codebase (see README.md "Contributing"). Code that is gated OFF in the MVP build (Cargo features `address-list`, `lnurl` — disabled in both DEV and PRD images since PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73)) is excluded; everything else MUST be tested. Mint and usernames are part of the MVP and are permanently compiled in (no `faucet` or `usernames` Cargo feature), so they count toward the activated surface. `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100 -- --test-threads=1` is the gate (run from inside the affected crate; `--test-threads=1` keeps circuit-test memory peaks predictable on the M3 Ultra). - -These two requirements are not in tension — the first reduces the surface, the second keeps what remains clean. "MVP" is never an excuse to skip tests; it's an excuse to skip *features*. Negative tests (asserting that invalid witnesses are rejected) are mandatory for every gadget and every state-transition path. - -### Architecture summary - -The architecture is **node-side compute**: the node generates all ZK proofs; the wallet holds only the private key and signs BIP-340 Schnorr over `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. There is no in-browser Poseidon, no wasm-Plonky2 verifier, no in-app ZK gadget. - -**Hardware target: Mac Studio M3 Ultra, 96 GB unified RAM, single host.** All on-box compute is available: Performance and Efficiency cores, the integrated Apple Silicon GPU (via Metal), Neural Engine, AMX. What is **not** available: external hardware accelerators (no NVIDIA, CUDA, GPU farms) and external cloud proving services (no Succinct Prover Network, no AWS GPU, no Lambda Labs). Performance budget is what the M3 Ultra delivers; if a design overshoots, the design changes — we do not add external hardware. Note: Plonky2 currently has no Metal / Apple-Silicon-GPU backend, so the integrated GPU is effectively idle for proving. That is a library property (Plonky2 ships CPU + CUDA only), not a constraint we imposed; if a Metal backend becomes available it's fair game. - -zkCoins is in a **closed test environment** (DEV *and* PRD). No external users, no real money, no existing user-base to migrate. Step 7 therefore **replaces** the SP1 path outright rather than running a dual backend: SP1 modules are deleted, node starts with a clean Poseidon SMT/MMR state, no Cargo feature flag, no migration helpers. This is reflected in the lower effort estimates for step 7 (2–3 d instead of 3–5 d) and the dropped risk for R5. - -The decentralization track adds ~4–6 weeks on top (see [§ Current Focus](#current-focus-decentralization-run-your-own-node)). - ---- - -## Done - -Commit refs (newest first). Doc-only commits to ROADMAP / SPEC / -MIGRATION_RESEARCH / CONTRIBUTING are not individually listed once -they merely correct or extend this file — see `git log` for the -exhaustive history. - -- [`d6a3cb9`](./../../commit/d6a3cb9) — test(account_node): 10 inline error-path tests (Account::new, get_minting_account_address Ok+Err, get_account_balance Ok+Err, load_from_file Err+missing-path, save+load roundtrip, send_coins Unknown account + Insufficient funds). Total test count 32 → 42. account_node.rs body still excluded from CI coverage gate (full SP1-era test-fixture port is a separate follow-up). state_tests.rs clippy auto-fixed in the same commit. -- [`dac0179`](./../../commit/dac0179) — feat(docker): Dockerfile for the Plonky2 node (Step 9 prep). `rust:bookworm` base + rustup auto-installs nightly via `rust-toolchain`. Multi-stage build, FEATURES build-arg, debian-bookworm-slim runtime, EXPOSE 4242. Local release build verified clean (1m 26s on M3 Ultra). Smoke run end-to-end: `cargo run --release -p node` + `curl /health` → `ok`, `curl /api/info` → `{"network":"Mutinynet"}`, block scanner connects + processes Mutinynet tip. -- [`c71c9fc`](./../../commit/c71c9fc) — feat(step-7): `send_coins` wired to the Plonky2 `Prover` wrapper. Off-circuit source-side validation (in-coin in source's output_coins_root + source commitment in history MMR) replaces Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2 (deferred post-MVP, blocked on Plonky2 1.1.0 ConstantGate shape mismatch — see `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22 for the eventual resolution). MMR proof paths in `get_merkle_proofs` now extended to `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN`; history_root passed to prover is `state.mmr.root_extended(MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN)`. Init vs AccountUpdate branch on `account.proof` + `DEV_SKIP_BROADCAST_FAILURE` env-var bypass preserved. The env-var bypass was later removed in PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) once DEV and PRD were unified on the MVP-only binary. Test re-enable (account_node_tests + router_tests modules disabled at include-point) is a separate follow-up. -- [`19dcecf`](./../../commit/19dcecf) — fix(ci): relax coverage scope to skip account_node.rs + router.rs during Step-7 migration (their test modules are gated off pending Stage 5d-next-5 merge); new `test_get_mmr_inclusion_proof_known_root_returns_ok` to keep state.rs at 100% line / function coverage. -- [`ee0ef4b`](./../../commit/ee0ef4b) — fix(ci+node): CI workflow rewritten for nightly toolchain + Plonky2 crate names; node clippy `-D warnings` cleanup (feature-gated structs `#[cfg(...)]`, deprecated `to_inner` → `to_keypair`, `unimplemented!` block replaced with explicit `Err` to avoid `diverging_sub_expression`); coverage timeout 30m → 60m. -- [`00adbb4`](./../../commit/00adbb4) — feat(step-7): workspace toolchain unification (stable → nightly, root absorbs `program-plonky2/` + `script-plonky2/`) + node-side import migration. `program/` + `script/` SP1 crates deleted. shared/node use the Plonky2-era modules (`hash`, `types`, `inputs`); `[u8;32]` → `HashOut` boundary conversions via `digest_from_bytes` / `digest_to_bytes`; MMR leaf hash switched from SHA256 to Poseidon `hash_concat`. `account_node::send_coins` body wrapped in `unimplemented!` pending Prover-API integration after Stage 5d-next-5 merge. 31 node tests passing (scanner, state, username, etc.); `account_node_tests` + `router_tests` modules disabled at include point. -- [`b76bd39`](./../../commit/b76bd39) — feat(program-plonky2): step 7 prep — serde derives + persistence helpers (SMT/MMR/types/inputs all get `Serialize`/`Deserialize`; `save_merkle_tree` / `load_merkle_tree` / `save_mmr` / `load_mmr` ported from SP1-era helpers; 4 new tests for round-trip + missing-path I/O errors; `[u8; 33]` pubkey worked around with inline `BigArray33` helper to dodge serde's N≤32 derive limit) -- [`d96bb62`](./../../commit/d96bb62) — feat(script-plonky2): step 6 — host-side prover wrapper around `StateTransitionCircuit` (new crate `script-plonky2/` with `Prover` struct + `prove_initial` / `prove_account_update` / `verify` thin wrappers; mirrors the SP1-era `script/` crate shape; nightly toolchain via rust-toolchain.toml symlink to program-plonky2) -- [`c1df545`](./../../commit/c1df545) — docs: defer Stage 5d-next-4 source-side cyclic verify to 5d-next-5 (post-MVP) — Plonky2 1.1.0's `dummy_circuit` can't reproduce `ConstantGate`-containing common_data shapes (Approach A) AND the in-circuit data-only fallback hit `goal_data != common` mismatch at build (Approach B); the trusted node folding only validly-proved commitments into history MMR makes Stage 5d-next-3 + prev_account CMP sufficient for node-heavy MVP. See MIGRATION_RESEARCH §7.21. -- [`6ea965a`](./../../commit/6ea965a) — docs: finalise session pickup — §7.20 + test-confirmation + verification checklist -- [`7db536d`](./../../commit/7db536d) — docs: session-state pickup notes for next agent -- [`50a1bd9`](./../../commit/50a1bd9) — test: speed up account_update panic-tests via cyclic_base_proof (~25 min wall saved per full sweep) -- [`8fab78a`](./../../commit/8fab78a) — test: combined in-and-out integration test on AccountUpdate (mirror of `d292855` on the cyclic-recursion + CommitmentMerkleProofs path) -- [`05c17f8`](./../../commit/05c17f8) — docs(SPEC): note MAX_OUT_COINS in the constants table -- [`a502b8f`](./../../commit/a502b8f) — test: cover assert_eq panics on the *_in_and_out_coins wrappers (3 new should_panic tests for `prove_*_with_in_and_out_coins`) -- [`508ec9c`](./../../commit/508ec9c) — docs(ROADMAP): refresh commit list + test count after MAX_OUT_COINS=8 bump -- [`d292855`](./../../commit/d292855) — test: combined in-and-out integration test (one Initial proof exercising both in-coins and out-coins loops in a single transition; validates running-balance mutations and interim/final account_state_hash distinction compose correctly) -- [`56f3a05`](./../../commit/56f3a05) — feat: stage 5d-next-3-bump — MAX_OUT_COINS to 8 (mirrors MAX_IN_COINS at SPEC §13's production target; INNER_PAD_BITS bumped 13 → 14) -- [`1943316`](./../../commit/1943316) — docs: stage 5d-next-4 design doc for source verification -- [`6b5a885`](./../../commit/6b5a885) — feat: stage 5d-next-3 — out-coins processing -- [`b2b82e7`](./../../commit/b2b82e7) — feat: stage 5d-next-2 — bump MAX_IN_COINS to 8 -- [`0195f71`](./../../commit/0195f71) — feat: stage 5d-next — apply_coin (recipient + balance + overflow). Per-slot witnesses extended with `coin_recipient`, `coin_amount_lo`, `coin_amount_hi`. Active slots assert `coin_recipient == account.owner` and `balance += coin_amount` with overflow check via `split_le(sum, 33)`. Running balance threaded through `MAX_IN_COINS` slots; final balance fed to a second Poseidon hash for the public `ProofData.account_state_hash`. New tests: positive (1 active in-coin, balance increases by 42, final hash matches off-circuit `apply_coin`); negatives (wrong recipient rejected, overflow rejected). -- [`7db3c29`](./../../commit/7db3c29) — feat: stage 5d (minimal) + 5e (partial) — in-coin slot processing for coin_history + four SPEC §13 negative tests. 5d adds `MAX_IN_COINS = 1` const, `InCoinSlotTargets` per slot (`active`, `coin_identifier`, 256-sibling `nip_path`), per-slot SMT non-inclusion + insert into `coin_history_root` masked by `active`, new `prove_initial_with_in_coins` / `prove_account_update_with_in_coins` wrappers, and 5 tests (1 positive + 1 negative + 3 panic guards). 5e adds 4 negative tests against the existing 5c+ predicates. -- [`2ce36ce`](./../../commit/2ce36ce) — test: cover assert_eq panic messages in set_cmp_witness (3 should_panic tests restoring 100% line coverage after 5c+) -- [`4bc5f2f`](./../../commit/4bc5f2f) — feat: stage 5c+ — `CommitmentMerkleProofs` in-circuit (SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e); fixed-shape SMT inclusion at `TREE_DEPTH = 256` + 2× MMR inclusion at `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN = 31`; new `MMR_MAX_DEPTH = 32` const + `MMRProof::extend_to(depth)` + `MerkleMountainRange::root_extended(depth)` off-circuit helpers; new `select_hash` masking pattern so every constraint fires only when `condition = true`; `dummy_cmp()` placeholder used by `prove_initial` to populate the unused fields; tests: positive bootstrap chain (Init→Update with full CommitmentMerkleProofs verify) plus negatives for (b), (c), (d).) -- [`4f317fe`](./../../commit/4f317fe) — refactor: SMT redesign to uncompressed fixed-256 paths (off-circuit `InclusionProof` / `NonInclusionProof` always carry exactly `TREE_DEPTH = 256` siblings; path compression removed from `insert` and proof generation; `NonInclusionProof.leaf` field dropped — non-inclusion now witnesses the empty-leaf default at the depth-256 slot; in-circuit `verify_smt_inclusion` / `verify_smt_non_inclusion` / `verify_smt_insert` reduced to a single `hash_up_full_path` engine; case A/B branch and `extension` parameter gone.) -- [`bba6470`](./../../commit/bba6470) — feat: stage 5c — AccountUpdate branch (condition now a free witness; cyclic verify binds SPEC §8 (a); state continuity (b) via `condition * (account_state_hash - prev.account_state_hash) == 0`; coin_history carry-over via `select(condition, prev.coin_history_root, DEFAULT_HASHES[0])`; mint exception masked with `!condition`; 5 tests incl. Initial→AccountUpdate chain and state-discontinuity rejection; SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) MMR/SMT history checks DEFERRED to stage 5c+) -- [`d167237`](./../../commit/d167237) — feat: stage 5b — Initial-branch state-transition predicate (`circuit/main.rs` rewritten: counter payload replaced by 16-element `ProofData`, mint exception + empty-SMT roots + in-circuit Poseidon `AccountState::hash`, condition pinned `false`; 3 tests: mint accepted, non-mint zero-balance accepted, non-mint nonzero-balance rejected) -- [`83fa0c1`](./../../commit/83fa0c1) — feat: stage 5a — cyclic recursion plumbing PoC (`circuit/main.rs`, 2 tests: base + 1 recursive cycle; superseded by stage 5b) -- [`6cf949c`](./../../commit/6cf949c) — feat: SMT insert verify gadget (8 tests: 3 positive incl. deep-divergence Case B, 3 negative incl. case-A invariant, 2 build-time assertion panics) -- [`79bd39e`](./../../commit/79bd39e) — docs: hardware target — M3 Ultra single host, no external hardware, no cloud prover (later corrected to note the integrated Apple GPU IS available, just unused by Plonky2 today) -- [`e14d9df`](./../../commit/e14d9df) — feat: 100% test coverage on program-plonky2 (16 new tests + MMR refactor + coverage(off) annotations) -- [`2b6f2cb`](./../../commit/2b6f2cb) — docs: consistency review pass — fix stale counts, add glossary, reconcile §6 -- [`401f813`](./../../commit/401f813) — docs(ROADMAP): closed test env — replace SP1, don't migrate -- [`cd94f85`](./../../commit/cd94f85) — docs: CONTRIBUTING + §7 Lessons Learned (8 entries) -- [`4cf98ac`](./../../commit/4cf98ac) — docs(ROADMAP): Plonky3 as post-MVP path; document rejected alternative -- [`1967087`](./../../commit/1967087) — docs(ROADMAP): node-side compute, drop wasm Poseidon -- [`2fed8f0`](./../../commit/2fed8f0) — feat: port `ProgramInputs` + `CommitmentMerkleProofs` (4 tests) -- [`9ba03bc`](./../../commit/9ba03bc) — feat: SMT non-inclusion verify gadget (3 tests + 1 negative) -- [`8002ce3`](./../../commit/8002ce3) — feat: SMT inclusion gadget + `circuit/util` (4 tests) -- [`5c92a62`](./../../commit/5c92a62) — docs: initial ROADMAP -- [`15d45c9`](./../../commit/15d45c9) — feat: MMR inclusion gadget (4 tests) -- [`e1af850`](./../../commit/e1af850) — feat: AccountState/Coin/ProofData (8 tests) -- [`c28e279`](./../../commit/c28e279) — feat: MMR to Poseidon (8 tests) -- [`6215009`](./../../commit/6215009) — feat: SMT to Poseidon + zero-state collision fix (12 tests) -- [`984580f`](./../../commit/984580f) — feat: Poseidon hash module (5 tests) -- [`8fa6a92`](./../../commit/8fa6a92) — chore: toolchain pin + lock §5 decisions -- [`72c3b78`](./../../commit/72c3b78) — feat: scaffold `program-plonky2/` standalone crate -- [`049ec3e`](./../../commit/049ec3e) — docs: SPEC reconciled with paper, §15 divergences -- [`57cdce4`](./../../commit/57cdce4) — docs: migration research -- [`496c652`](./../../commit/496c652) — docs: circuit specification - -**Test count on this branch:** 103 (all green on nightly-2025-04-15). -Breakdown: `prelude` 1 · `hash` 5 · `merkle::smt` 19 · `merkle::mmr` 14 · -`types` 10 · `inputs` 5 · `circuit::mmr` 5 · `circuit::smt` 12 · -`circuit::main` 32. - -**Coverage:** **100% lines, 100% functions, 100% regions** on `program-plonky2/` -as measured by `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100`. Test modules -are annotated with `#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]` so -assertion-message-string regions inside tests don't pollute the -production-surface measurement. Defensive `else ZERO_HASH` branches -in the MMR were collapsed into `.get().copied().unwrap_or(...)` so the -unreachable bounds-check shares one region with the success path -rather than carrying its own perpetually-uncovered branch. - ---- - -## In Progress - -**Step 9 — Job-API admit+poll surface** ✅ done — PR1 (`feat/jobs-api-core`, June 2026). Migration `0014_jobs.sql` + `JobStore` + `Dispatcher` + five `/api/jobs/*` routes replace the synchronous `/api/mint`, `/api/send`, `/api/commit` endpoints. Single-worker dispatcher walks every prove/broadcast off the request thread; the wallet polls `GET /api/jobs/:id` until terminal. Idempotency-Key on every admit, crash-recovery on boot, 10-min `awaiting_signature` timeout. Phase 2 ✅ done — PR2 (`feat/jobs-api-sse`, June 2026) adds `GET /api/jobs/:id/stream` SSE push channel layered on a per-job `tokio::sync::broadcast::Sender` inside `JobNotifier`; 25 s heartbeat survives Cloudflare Tunnel's idle drop; polling stays the fallback when SSE is unavailable. See `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.27 for the PR1 architectural rationale, §7.28 for the PR2 SSE layer, `SPEC.md` §11.2.1 for the wire-level contract (including SSE event shape), `CONTRIBUTING.md` "Job-API lifecycle" for the state machine. Wallet adaptation tracked in [zk-coins/app#141](https://github.com/zk-coins/app/pull/141). - -**Step 5 — Monolithic state-transition circuit** (✅ done, broken into -stages, each landed as its own reviewable commit; preserved below as -the historical record): - -- **5a — recursion plumbing PoC** ✅ done in [`83fa0c1`](./../../commit/83fa0c1), - superseded by 5b. `circuit/main.rs` skeleton with - `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, - `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`, three-pass - `common_data_for_recursion`, and a counter payload (`counter = if - condition { inner.counter + 1 } else { 0 }`). The R1 evidence that - cyclic recursion + `circuit_digest` pinning work in our Plonky2 - 1.1.0 setup. Tests and payload replaced in 5b. -- **5b — Initial branch with real predicate** ✅ done in - [`d167237`](./../../commit/d167237). Counter payload replaced by - 16-element `ProofData` public output. In-circuit Poseidon - `AccountState::hash` (with 32-bit balance limbs and 56-bit pubkey - limbs, both range-checked), `is_minting` predicate via element-wise - `is_equal` AND, mint exception enforced as `(1 - is_minting) * - balance_limb == 0`, `output_coins_root` and `coin_history_root` - constants from `DEFAULT_HASHES[0]`. `condition` constrained to - `false`. Three tests in `circuit::main`. -- **5c — AccountUpdate branch** ✅ done in this revision. `condition` - is now a free witness. `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` - binds SPEC §8 (a) (same circuit via `circuit_digest`). State - continuity (b) enforced as `condition * (account_state_hash[i] - - prev.account_state_hash[i]) == 0` for each of the 4 hash elements. - `coin_history_root` carry-over via `select(condition, - prev.coin_history_root, DEFAULT_HASHES[0])`. Mint exception masked - with `(1 - condition) * (1 - is_minting)` so it only applies to - Initial. 5 tests in `circuit::main`: 3 Initial-side from 5b plus a - full Initial→AccountUpdate chain (recursive verify works - end-to-end) and an AccountUpdate state-discontinuity rejection. - **SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) — `CommitmentMerkleProofs` predicate proving - prev was published in the global history MMR — is NOT YET WIRED. - Stage 5c+ closes that gap.** -- **5c+ — CommitmentMerkleProofs in-circuit** ✅ done in commit - [`4bc5f2f`](./../../commit/4bc5f2f). SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) all wired via - in-circuit SMT inclusion (`TREE_DEPTH = 256`) + 2× MMR inclusion - (`MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN = 31`). Coverage-fix in - [`2ce36ce`](./../../commit/2ce36ce). -- **5d — in-coin slots (minimal)** ✅ done in this revision. - `MAX_IN_COINS = 1` (production target is 8 per SPEC §13; bumping - the constant is mechanical). Per slot the circuit reserves an - `active` bit, a `coin_identifier`, and a 256-sibling - `nip_path`. Active slots prove SMT non-inclusion of - `coin_identifier` at the running `coin_history_root` and compute - the new root after inserting `coin_identifier` (used both as key - and as leaf value, making `coin_history` a set-membership SMT). - Inactive slots are masked no-ops. The `coin_history_root` running - value is chained through all slots and emitted as - `ProofData.coin_history_root`. **NOT YET WIRED (defer to 5d+):** - recursive verification of each in-coin's source proof, SMT - inclusion of `coin.identifier` in `source.output_coins_root`, the - source's own CommitmentMerkleProofs, and the apply_coin balance / - recipient update on `AccountState`. Without these, in-coins are - unsound (a prover can claim any `coin_identifier` was sent to - them); 5d+ closes the gap. New tests in `circuit::main`: positive - Init-with-1-active-in-coin into empty coin_history; tampered nip - path rejected; 3 panic guards (`nip_path` length, slot count for - `prove_initial_with_in_coins`, slot count for - `prove_account_update_with_in_coins`). -- **5d-next — apply_coin semantics** ✅ done in this revision. - Per-slot witnesses extended: `coin_recipient: HashOutTarget`, - `coin_amount_lo: Target`, `coin_amount_hi: Target` (both - range-checked to 32 bits). Per slot, masked by `active`: - - Recipient check `active * (coin_recipient[i] - owner[i]) == 0` - for each of 4 hash elements. - - Balance add with overflow check via `split_le(sum, 33)`: bits - auto-witnessed by Plonky2's `BaseSumGate` generator; bit 32 is - the carry / overflow. `new_lo = sum_lo - 2^32 * carry`, - `sum_hi = balance_hi + active * coin_amount_hi + carry`, - `new_hi = sum_hi - 2^32 * overflow`, `assert overflow == 0`. - - Running balance threaded through slots; final balance feeds a - second `Poseidon(owner || final_balance_lo || final_balance_hi || - pubkey_limbs)` for the FINAL `account_state_hash` in `ProofData`. - The earlier `account_state_hash` (from initial balance) keeps - serving SPEC §8 (b) state-continuity and (c) commitment-witness - checks. Tests: positive 1-active-in-coin with `coin.amount = 42` - increments balance and matches off-circuit `apply_coin` hash; - `recipient != owner` rejected; `amount` causing balance overflow - rejected. - -- **5d-next-2 — bump `MAX_IN_COINS` to 8** ✅ done in this revision. - `MAX_IN_COINS` const is now 8. `common_data_for_recursion_c` - padding bumped to `INNER_PAD_BITS = 13` (`1 << 13 = 8192` gates) - to accommodate the larger outer circuit. Test helper - `slots_first_active(&coin, &nip, &dummy_coin, &dummy_nip)` builds - a `MAX_IN_COINS`-length slot array with the first slot active. - All 4 `prove_*_with_in_coins` tests refactored to use it; build - and prove confirmed for `stage_5d_initial_with_one_active_in_coin` - (188s wall). - -- **5d-next-3 — out-coins processing** ✅ done in this revision. - `MAX_OUT_COINS = 1` slot reserved (mechanical bump to 8 later). - Per slot witnesses: `active`, `out_coin_identifier`, - `out_coin_amount_lo/hi`, `nip_path`. Per slot constraints (masked - by `active`): - - SMT non-inclusion + insert into `running_output_coins_root` - (mirroring the in-coins coin_history pattern, but for the new - `output_coins_root`). - - Balance subtraction with **underflow check** via - `split_le(diff, 64)` (vs. overflow check `split_le(sum, 33)` for - in-coins addition). - - `out_coin_identifier == Poseidon(interim_account_state_hash || - u32(slot_index))` — mirrors off-circuit - [`crate::types::calculate_coin_identifier`]. - - Pubkey rotation: new `next_public_key_limbs` witness. The FINAL - `account_state_hash` (committed as `ProofData.account_state_hash`) - uses the NEW pubkey; the interim hash (used for identifier - derivation) uses the INITIAL pubkey, per SPEC §8 step 3 ordering. - - API: new `prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins` / - `prove_account_update_with_in_and_out_coins` for full caller - control. The existing `prove_initial` / `prove_account_update` - wrappers default `next_public_key = account_state.public_key` - (no rotation) and all-inactive out-coin slots. - - Tests: positive `stage_5d_next_3_initial_with_one_active_out_coin` - (one out-coin emits, balance decreases by amount, pubkey rotates, - output_coins_root matches off-circuit insert); two negatives - (wrong identifier, underflow); two panic guards (nip-path length, - out-slot count). - -- **5d-next-5 — source-side verification via aggregator pattern** ✅ - done via PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23). - Architecture: non-cyclic [`SourceAggregatorCircuit`](program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs) - bundles up to `MAX_IN_COINS` source proofs via per-slot - `conditionally_verify_proof`; the outer state-transition circuit - verifies the aggregator proof once via `verify_proof` and binds its - claimed state-transition `verifier_data` to its own via - `connect_hashes`. Per-slot SPEC §8 step 2 gates fire inside the - in-coin loop: SMT inclusion of `coin.identifier` in - `source.output_coins_root`, OCR coupling, SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain - for source's commitment in `history_root`, strict - `connect(slot.active, aggregator.slot[i].active_pi)` so no in-coin - can be consumed without a verified source. Two Plonky2 1.1.0 - shape-mismatch blockers were resolved empirically: explicit - `ConstantGate::new(2)` injection in the helper's pass-3, and - `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15` (`helper_degree = pad_bits + - 1`). Probes characterising both insights live in - [`src/circuit/recursion_shape_probe.rs`](program-plonky2/src/circuit/recursion_shape_probe.rs). - Full end-state in - [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721). -- **5e — negative tests from SPEC §13** ✅ done — all 11 negatives - covered (the previously-deferred 3 source-side negatives landed - with Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 3). Covered: - - Initial non-mint balance ≠ 0 → rejected (`stage_5c_plus_initial_non_mint_nonzero_balance_rejected`). - - Initial mint accepted (`stage_5c_plus_initial_mint_with_balance_accepted`, returns coin_history_root = DEFAULT_HASHES[0]). - - Account update mismatched state hash → rejected (`stage_5c_plus_account_update_state_discontinuity_rejected`). - - Prev's commitment_history_root not in current MMR → 4 tests: - `stage_5e_account_update_tampered_mmr_a_path_rejected`, - `stage_5e_account_update_tampered_mmr_b_path_rejected`, - `stage_5e_account_update_wrong_mmr_sibling_rejected`, - `stage_5e_account_update_wrong_history_root_rejected`. - - Double-spend (same in-coin twice in coin_history) → rejected - (`stage_5e_double_spend_same_coin_twice_rejected`). - - Out-coin identifier mismatch → rejected - (`stage_5d_next_3_initial_out_coin_wrong_identifier_rejected`). - - Sum of outputs > balance (underflow) → rejected - (`stage_5d_next_3_initial_out_coin_underflow_rejected`). - - Sum of input amounts overflow → rejected - (`stage_5d_initial_in_coin_overflow_rejected`). - - Wrong recipient on in-coin → rejected - (`stage_5d_initial_in_coin_wrong_recipient_rejected`). - - Newly covered by Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 3 (PR #23): - - Input coin whose source-proof is not in commitment history → - `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_source_not_in_history_rejected`. - - Input coin whose identifier is not in source's `output_coins_root` - → `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_coin_not_in_source_ocr_rejected`. - - Wrong `vk` on recursive source proof → - `stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_wrong_st_vk_on_aggregator_rejected`. - - Original (pre-stage-5b) wording: Overflow, underflow, - wrong vk, double-spend, wrong identifier, mismatched - account_state_hash, etc. - -Each stage carries the 100 % line coverage gate before commit. - ---- - -## Next (in order) - -### Step 5 — Monolithic state-transition circuit — ✅ done (see *In Progress* above for the historical breakdown) -**Effort:** 3–5 days (actual). -**Files:** `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` (new) — the equivalent of `program/src/main.rs`. -**Scope:** assemble all gadgets into the full circuit; implement Initial vs. AccountUpdate branch via `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`; fix `MAX_IN_COINS = 8`; pin `vk` via `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`; commit `ProofData` as 16-element public output. -**Test plan (100% coverage gate applies):** - - Single send (1 in-coin → 1 out-coin) — initial proof path. - - Two sequential sends — update-proof recursion. - - All 11 negative cases from SPEC §13 (overflow, underflow, wrong vk, double-spend, wrong identifier, mismatched account_state_hash, etc.). Each is a separate `assert!(data.prove(pw).is_err())` test. - - `cargo llvm-cov` on the new circuit module must be 100% lines + branches. -**Risk:** **High.** First real test of Plonky2 cyclic recursion with our public-input shape. The BitVM reference's toy IVC pattern is the only existing example; correctness depends on identical `circuit_digest` between build passes (two-pass `common_data_for_recursion` trick). - -### Step 6 — `script-plonky2/` prover host -**Effort:** 1–2 days. -**Files:** new crate `script-plonky2/`. -**Mirror of:** `script/src/lib.rs::Prover`. -**Test plan (100% coverage gate applies):** - - End-to-end through `create_account` and `update_account` paths. - - Error path: malformed inputs rejected. - - `cargo llvm-cov` on the prover wrapper must be 100%. -**Risk:** Low. Plonky2 prover API is simpler than SP1's. - -### Step 7 — Node: replace SP1 with Plonky2 (no dual backend) -**Effort:** 2–3 days. -**Files:** `node/src/account_node.rs`, `node/src/state.rs`, `node/src/scanner.rs`, `node/src/router.rs`. Plus delete the SP1-specific imports and replace the old `program/` and `script/` references with `program-plonky2/` + `script-plonky2/`. -**Strategy:** closed test environment means no migration. Stop the running DEV/PRD node, delete the existing SMT/MMR data files (`smt.bin`, `mmr.bin`, `accounts.bin`, `latest_block.bin`), start the new Plonky2-based node with a fresh state. No Cargo feature flag, no compatibility shim, no parallel-deploy. -**Key challenge:** the Schnorr commitment message stays `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` per §5.4 of `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, so the scanner converts Poseidon outputs to bytes before SHA256 → BIP-340 verify. -**Test plan (100% coverage gate applies):** the same `cargo llvm-cov -p node --fail-under-lines 100` gate that already enforces this on the SP1 build carries over. Every handler, every error path, every scanner state transition that lives in the PRD-feature-set must be covered. The current SP1 coverage baseline (see README.md table) is the floor to maintain. -**Risk:** Low. Mechanical port, no compatibility surface area. - -### Step 8 — App / wallet — ✅ done -**Status:** Pre-existing app-repo wiring already matches the new Plonky2 node contract — no code change required for the MVP. -**Files in `zk-coins/app`:** - - `rust/client/src/lib.rs` — `create_commitment(xpriv, num_pubkeys, asth_hex, ocr_hex)` (BIP-340 Schnorr over `SHA256(asth ‖ ocr)`, returns `{public_key, signature, message}` JSON). - - `src/app/send/page.tsx` — Phase 1 (`/api/send`) + Phase 2 (`/api/commit`) two-step send flow with in-flight commit persistence + retry. - - `src/lib/api/client.ts` — typed client for every API route registered in `node/src/router.rs` (`info`, `balance`, `send`, `commit`, `mint`, `username/claim`, `username/resolve`, `address`). - - `src/__tests__/app/send-pipeline.test.tsx` — round-trip + retry + idempotency unit tests (mocked WASM). - - `src/__tests__/lib/api/contract.live.test.ts` — schema-conformance probes against a live API. -**Why nothing changed in the wallet for the Plonky2 cutover:** the wallet operates strictly above the node-side ZK boundary. It signs `SHA256(asth ‖ ocr)` — both 32-byte hex blobs supplied by the node — with secp256k1. Whether the node computed `asth`/`ocr` via SP1+SHA256 or Plonky2+Poseidon is opaque to the wallet, and `digest_to_bytes` on the node side already serialises Poseidon `HashOut` into the same 32-byte shape (see `program-plonky2/src/hash.rs:48`). -**Test gate:** existing Vitest coverage gate in `zk-coins/app` (per that repo's CONTRIBUTING.md). No new gate. -**Remaining open question for Step 9 verification:** that `signature_verifies_after_app_send` lands as an e2e probe against the live DEV node. This is part of Step 9, not Step 8. - -### Step 9 — DEV deployment + e2e — 🟡 DEV live, e2e + R2 pending -**Done:** - - PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) merged 2026-05-18 21:50 UTC. Auto-deploy via `.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml` pushed `zkcoins/node:beta` to Docker Hub and deployed to the DEV host. Bootstrap fix in PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36) (explicit `MINTING_ADDRESS` override + global panic hook + smoke test + deploy-dev post-curl-retry — see [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.23](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#723-minting_address-panic-in-tokiospawn-ed-task-swallows-node-bootstrap--medium-codified)). - - `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/health` → 200 `ok`; `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/info` → 200 with `{network:"Mutinynet", capabilities:{address_list, faucet, usernames, lnurl: true}, username_domain:"dev.zkcoins.app"}` (post-[#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) `address_list` and `lnurl` are `false` because DEV ships the MVP-only binary identical to PRD; `faucet` and `usernames` are hardcoded `true` — mint and usernames are permanent MVP, not feature-gated; the `usernames` Cargo feature was later removed outright — see PR [#76](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/76)). - - Deploy hardening: PR [#51](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/51) added deploy-dev + deploy-prd concurrency guards and a PRD smoke test. - - DEV/PRD parity: PR [#73](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/73) dropped the DEV-only Cargo features (`address-list`, `faucet`, `usernames`, `lnurl`) and removed the `DEV_SKIP_BROADCAST_FAILURE` env-gate so the two environments run the identical MVP-only binary. A follow-up refactor removed the `faucet` Cargo feature outright — mint is permanent MVP and ships unconditionally in every build — and a further refactor removed the `usernames` Cargo feature so usernames are permanent MVP and ship unconditionally too (PR [#76](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/76)). -**Remaining:** - 1. e2e roundtrip on signet from `dev.zkcoins.app`: create account → mint → send → recipient receives. Success criterion: one happy-path + one failure-path per route. Tracked via a follow-up GitHub issue. - 2. Real performance measurement on the M3 Ultra. R2 budget: warm proof ≤ 5 s, ideally ≤ 1 s; cold-start ≤ 30 s including circuit-data load; peak mem < 64 GB during proving. Plonky2 currently runs CPU-only on Apple Silicon (no Metal backend); that's the operative baseline. Tool: the `probe_r2` binary (`node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) drives the measurement; `--persist` writes every run into `r2_probe_runs` (migration 0013) and the trend is readable via the `r2_probe_runs_summary` view and `GET /api/admin/r2-probe/history` on the live node. - 3. If budget is missed: redesign per R2 (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, drop in-coin recursion, or switch to folding). **NOT** add external hardware or move to a cloud prover — the closed-environment + single-host constraint is non-negotiable. -**Test plan:** the authoritative coverage gate runs in CI on the self-hosted M3 Ultra runner pool (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`, jobs `Node + Shared Tests` and `Coverage Gate`, gated behind the `ci:full` label per PR [#48](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/48)); the pre-push hook only enforces fmt + clippy + `cargo check`. Step 9 verifies integration, not unit coverage. e2e success criterion: every endpoint round-trips under realistic conditions (one happy-path traversal per route plus at least one failure path per route). -**Risk:** Medium. First real exposure of the cyclic-recursive prover to production hardware under realistic load. If the budget holds, MVP is done. - ---- - -## Current Focus: Decentralization (run-your-own-node) - -With the Plonky2 migration essentially complete (Steps 1–8 done, Step 9 DEV-live), the roadmap's active focus is **making zkCoins fully trustless and decentralized under the run-your-own-node model** — see the **Trust model** section in [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md). These strands also subsume the pre-mainnet blockers of `SPEC.md` §15 (D2/D10, D7, D8). - -**North star.** No node consensus, no privileged operator; Bitcoin is the only shared layer. A self-hosted node (1) derives all global state from Bitcoin itself, and (2) **verifies every proof it accepts** — never trusting another node. "The wallet trusts the node" is not a compromise: the node is _yours_, like your own `bitcoind`. Issuance is **native** (a transparent on-protocol act); a BTC peg is out of scope (orthogonal). - -**Decentralization invariant.** A self-hosted node must validate everything it relies on from _(Bitcoin it sees itself) + (the proof in hand)_ — never from another node's word. Each strand moves a guarantee from "trusted because one node said so" to "verified from Bitcoin + a proof." - -| Strand | Anchor | What | Effort | Depends on | -| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------ | ---------- | -| **S1 Trustless receive** (keystone) | impl gap (uses §D4) | `receive_coin_into` / `/api/receive` verify the **recursive proof** (`Prover::verify`) + **anchor** `H(asth‖ocr)` in the node's chain-derived commitment SMT — today only the inclusion proof is checked | 3–5 d | — | -| **S2 Global double-spend** | **D8** | `Coin` carries a `nullifier_accum` snapshot; receiver verifies it against its own chain-derived history; circuit binds it | 2–3 d | S1 | -| **S3 Reorg safety** | **D7** | `conditional_nav` — tx degrades to a no-op if its claimed nullifier-accum is no longer a canonical prefix | 4–5 d | S2 | -| **S4 Own chain view** | impl/infra | own `bitcoind` + local inscription index as scanner source; genesis bootstrap with no trusted checkpoint | ~1 wk | S1 | -| **S5 Trustless emission** | **D11** | off-circuit mint → in-circuit `issuance(IssuanceProof)` + transparent, conserved, **auditable supply** (builds on #191's `asset_id`) | 1–2 wk | circuit; coord S2 | -| **S6 Recipient hiding** | **D2/D10** | `coin.essence.address = Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)`; `apply_coin` opens with witnessed randomness (privacy track) | ~1 wk | coord S2/S5 | -| **S7 Publisher incentive** | **D6** | `fee` field + reserved `FEE_IDX` payout; permissionless publisher batching (censorship economics) | 3–5 d | S2 | -| Tests | §3 | Paper-derived suite from `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §3 (A-SEC, ToSAcc prefix, half-aggregate Schnorr) — lands with S2/S3 | ~1 wk | S2 | - -**Sequencing:** S1 → S2 → S3 → S4, with S5 (emission) and S6 (privacy) as parallel circuit-tracks and S7 after S2. **S1 is the keystone:** until the node verifies what it accepts, every other guarantee is only as strong as a trusted peer. - -**Definition of done.** A self-hosted node, given only its own Bitcoin full node + the coin data it holds: verifies every coin it accepts (recursive proof + on-chain anchoring + global non-double-spend); reconstructs all global state from Bitcoin with no trusted checkpoint; issues assets with publicly auditable supply; and the user custodies their own coin data — the one inherent, non-trust trade-off (see Trust model). - -**Out of scope (orthogonal):** BTC peg/bridge (native issuance instead — see [`BITVM_BRIDGE.md`](./BITVM_BRIDGE.md)); cross-node name coordination (#170 P5; `asset_id` is already coordination-free); a data-availability service (coin data is self-custodied by design — a DA committee re-introduces trust). - -**Total decentralization track: ~4–6 weeks.** - ---- - -## Long-term positioning - -Plonky2 is bridge technology. Post-MVP (after step 9): Plonky3 evaluation. Field/hash choice then via planned migration, not via ad-hoc drift. - ---- - -## Risk Register - -### R1 — Plonky2 cyclic recursion correctness (high) -**What can go wrong:** Step 5 fails because `circuit_digest` isn't stable between the two `common_data_for_recursion` passes, or the public-input layout in `add_verifier_data_public_inputs` is misaligned. -**Mitigation:** Start step 5 with the simplest possible "I verify myself with a trivial payload" circuit before adding the real predicate. Validates the recursion plumbing in isolation. -**Trigger to escalate:** if 1 day of debugging step 5 doesn't produce a verifying proof, escalate to the maintainers / the Plonky2 community. - -### R2 — 1-second proof target unreachable on M3 Ultra (medium) -**What can go wrong:** Real circuit with 1+8 recursive verifies is too large for sub-second proving on the target hardware. -**Hardware constraint:** Mac Studio M3 Ultra, 96 GB RAM, single host. The integrated Apple GPU is on the box and would be usable IF Plonky2 had a Metal backend — it doesn't, so de facto we're on CPU. External hardware (NVIDIA, CUDA, GPU farms) and external cloud provers (Succinct Network, AWS, etc.) are off the table. If proof time overshoots, the design changes; we do not add external hardware. -**Mitigation knobs (all design-level):** - (a) reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`; - (b) drop recursion of in-coin proofs (replace with off-circuit nullifier-set check; this is a protocol change); - (c) switch to a folding scheme (Nova / HyperNova / similar) that's CPU-native; - (d) opportunistic: if a Plonky2 Metal backend becomes available, evaluate. -**Explicitly OFF the table:** discrete NVIDIA / CUDA hardware (we have an Apple Silicon box, not an x86 + NVIDIA host), Succinct Prover Network (violates closed-test-env + no-external-services rule), Apple Neural Engine / AMX as custom-kernel targets (we won't author the kernels ourselves). -**Trigger to escalate:** measured proof time > 5 s on M3 Ultra. Wallet-side performance is N/A — proving is node-side; the wallet's send-flow latency = proof time + network roundtrip. - -### R3 — (removed) -Was: "Wasm Poseidon too slow." No longer applicable — the wallet performs no Poseidon hashing (node-side compute architecture). The wallet's only crypto is BIP-340 Schnorr signing of a SHA256 digest, which WebCrypto handles natively. - -### R4 — Pre-mainnet hardening pushes timeline (high) -**What can go wrong:** D2/D10 hiding recipient is a real protocol change, not a patch. May require re-doing step 5 if it doesn't fit the existing circuit shape. -**Mitigation:** Decide before mainnet whether to ship the MVP variant first (linkable recipients, documented) and harden later, or harden now. Currently planning the former (per §5.5 in MIGRATION_RESEARCH). -**Trigger to escalate:** if regulatory or PR feedback flags linkability before MVP launch. - -### R5 — SP1 stays in the workspace forever (mitigated by closed-env strategy) -**What was the worry:** dual-backend Cargo feature flag would let SP1 linger because there's no forcing event to remove it. -**Mitigation in place:** zkCoins is in a closed test environment (DEV + PRD), so step 7 doesn't introduce a feature flag — it deletes the SP1 path outright as part of the rewire. There is no parallel-backend phase, therefore no "follow-up cleanup PR" needed. Risk reduced from medium to low. - -### R6 — Plonky2 itself becomes the new dead-end (medium, long horizon) -**What can go wrong:** Plonky2 is in maintenance mode at 0xPolygonZero. Plonky3 is where active development goes (new gate sets, BabyBear field, Poseidon2 hash, GPU paths). If we ignore Plonky3 indefinitely we end up where SP1 left us — on a stack with no upstream momentum. -**Mitigation:** Treat Plonky2 as **bridge technology**, not the final destination. See *Post-MVP path: Plonky3* below. -**Trigger to escalate:** Plonky2 upstream goes 12 months without a release, OR Plonky3 reaches feature parity for our use-case (recursion + BIP-340-Schnorr boundary). - ---- - -## Post-MVP Path: Plonky3 - -Plonky2 is the **MVP bridge**, not the long-term substrate. After step 9 -succeeds we schedule a Plonky3 evaluation. Concretely: - -- **Field:** Plonky3 default is **BabyBear** (`p = 2^31 - 2^27 + 1`). - Smaller field, GPU-friendlier in general — but the GPU paths in - practice mean *CUDA*, which our M3 Ultra host can't run. Apple - Silicon GPU support would have to come via Metal in the prover - library; that's not the typical Plonky3-BabyBear GPU pitch. The - motivation for BabyBear here therefore reduces to "matches SP1's - choice / Plonky3-native"; Plonky2 we use Goldilocks because that's - Plonky2's mature default. -- **Hash:** Plonky3 default is **Poseidon2** (~2× faster than the - original Poseidon used in Plonky2). -- **Gadget reuse:** algorithmic structure (SMT, MMR, ProofData layout, - recursion contract) stays. The Plonky3 port is primarily plumbing — - re-typing field elements, swapping the hash function, adjusting limb - packing for BabyBear's smaller modulus. -- **Estimated effort for Plonky3 cutover:** 2–4 weeks. Field and hash - change cost ~20% of that; the rest is Plonky3's different API - (recursion patterns, gate sets, witness generation). -- **Trigger to start:** Plonky3 reaches feature parity for recursion + - our public-input layout. Currently (2026-05) it is close but the - recursion ergonomics are still under active iteration. - -### Considered alternative — adopt BabyBear + Poseidon2 inside Plonky2 *now* - -A reviewer suggested switching to BabyBear field and Poseidon2 hash -already during this Plonky2 migration so that the Plonky3 cutover later -becomes "pure glue code". Rejected for v1: - -1. **Plonky2 + BabyBear is fork-land.** `plonky2` 1.1.0 on crates.io is - Goldilocks-only. BabyBear support exists in community forks - (`plonky2-goldibear`-style) but those carry less upstream momentum - than the canonical Goldilocks build. We'd trade one upstream-mature - stack for one less-mature stack, with no MVP benefit. -2. **Poseidon2 in Plonky2 needs custom implementation.** The crate's - `PoseidonHash` is Poseidon1. Poseidon2 means either hand-rolling the - permutation or pulling another community crate. Custom crypto code - in the MVP path is exactly what we want to avoid. -3. **Migration cost now is non-trivial.** Switching to BabyBear means - re-doing `hash.rs`, `types.rs`, both Merkle modules (Goldilocks's - 2-limb u64 → BabyBear's 3-limb u64, 4-element digest → 8-element - digest, ProofData re-shape, etc.). Roughly 3–4 days of work that - produces no end-user-visible change. -4. **Plonky3 cutover later is not "glue code" anyway.** Plonky3's API - (recursion ergonomics, gate sets, witness generation) is meaningfully - different from Plonky2's. The field/hash choice contributes maybe 20% - of that work; the rest happens either way. Switching field early - shrinks the eventual diff by maybe one day, at the cost of slower MVP - delivery. - -The decision is reversible: if the Plonky3 evaluation post-step-9 shows -a clean enough path, we can do the field+hash switch *as part of* that -migration with no extra structural cost. - ---- - -## Update Protocol - -Whenever a commit lands on this branch: - -1. If the commit completes a step → flip its row in *Status at a Glance* to ✅ and move its entry under *Done*. -2. If the commit partially completes a step → flip to 🟡 and note progress under *In Progress*. -3. If new tasks emerge → add a row in *Next* or *Current Focus: Decentralization* with effort estimate. -4. If the commit invalidates an estimate → revise the *Effort* column. -5. If the commit hits or escalates a risk → update the relevant *Risk Register* entry. - -Stale roadmap = broken roadmap. If a commit changes scope and this file -isn't updated, the next reviewer should reject the PR until it is. diff --git a/SPEC.md b/SPEC.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7c1f8bdf..00000000 --- a/SPEC.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,536 +0,0 @@ -# zkCoins Circuit Specification - -This document specifies the zkCoins state-transition circuit (currently implemented in Plonky2 + Poseidon in `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs`) and the surrounding off-circuit responsibilities. It is **implementation-agnostic**: it does not mandate Plonky2, Poseidon, or any particular proof system. It is intended as a starting point for porting the circuit to other proof systems (e.g. Plonky3 with Poseidon2 / BabyBear) while preserving protocol semantics. Historical context: the original implementation used SP1 + SHA256 (recoverable at tag `v0.last-sp1`); PR [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) (merged 2026-05-18) migrated to Plonky2 + Poseidon-Goldilocks. - -> **Scope note.** This spec describes the **zkCoins MVP variant** of the Shielded CSV protocol, not the paper as published. It deliberately departs from [eprint 2025/068](https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/068) in 11 concrete ways — see §15 "Divergences from Shielded CSV (paper)" below, and [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) for full analysis against the upstream reference implementation at [`ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV`](https://github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV). -> -> **New here?** Start with [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Working on the Plonky2 Migration" for the project invariants, decision recipe, and reading order. This spec is the *what*; CONTRIBUTING is the *how to navigate*. - -The reference implementation lives in: - -- `program-plonky2/src/types.rs` — `AccountState`, `Coin`, `ProofData` and pure helpers -- `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` — circuit entry point (build + prove) -- `program-plonky2/src/circuit/source_aggregator.rs` — non-cyclic per-slot source aggregator (Stage 5d-next-5) -- `program-plonky2/src/merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs` — Poseidon SMT -- `program-plonky2/src/merkle/merkle_mountain_range.rs` — Poseidon MMR -- `script-plonky2/src/lib.rs` — host-side Plonky2 prover wrapper -- `node/src/account_node.rs` — input preparation (host) -- `node/src/state.rs` — global state (SMT + MMR) -- `shared/src/commitment.rs` — Schnorr commitment used to bind a proof to an on-chain inscription - ---- - -## 1. Goal - -A zkCoins coin transfer produces a recursive SNARK that proves: - -1. The sender's **account state** transition is consistent with the input coins (sum of inputs ≥ sum of outputs, no overflow). -2. Each input coin was produced by a previous valid send proof (recursive verification). -3. Each input coin has not been spent before in this account (non-inclusion in the account's coin history, then inserted). -4. Each input coin's parent commitment is included in the **global commitment history** (so the chain ordering is authoritative). -5. The output coins have deterministic, content-addressed identifiers derived from the next account state. -6. A public `ProofData` summary is committed: the new account state hash, the new output-coins root, the global commitment-history root, and the new coin-history root. - -The proof is then "registered" on-chain by publishing a Schnorr commitment over `H(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)` as a Taproot inscription with txid prefix `4242`. The scanner picks up this commitment and inserts it into the global SMT, after which the global MMR root advances. - ---- - -## Glossary - -Abbreviations and shorthand used throughout this spec and the surrounding documents (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`, `ROADMAP.md`, `program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md`, source comments). - -| Term | Expansion | Meaning | -| ---- | --------- | ------- | -| **asth** | account state hash | `H(AccountState)` — the digest committed by a send proof as its post-state. | -| **ocr** | output coins root | The Merkle root of the SMT containing the send's output coin identifiers. | -| **vk** | verifying key | The proof system's verifier key. In Plonky2 it's the `circuit_digest`; pinned via `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`. | -| **pk** | public key | secp256k1 compressed pubkey, 33 bytes. For account commitments, rotates per send. | -| **SMT** | Sparse Merkle Tree | Binary tree of depth 256 (one level per key bit), used for the per-account coin history, the per-send output coins tree, and the global commitment SMT. | -| **MMR** | Merkle Mountain Range | (Misnomer in this codebase: actually a capacity-doubling padded Merkle tree.) Append-only structure holding the global commitment history. | -| **PCD** | Proof-Carrying Data | Recursive-proof composition abstraction used by the Shielded CSV paper; in Plonky2 we instantiate this with cyclic SNARK recursion. | -| **NIP** | NonInclusionProof | Witness that a key is *not* in an SMT. Two cases off-circuit: case A (empty subtree) and case B (path-compressed sibling leaf). | -| **IP** | InclusionProof | Witness that a key *is* in an SMT, with its associated value. | -| **D1–D11** | Divergences | Numbered list of differences between this implementation and Shielded CSV eprint 2025/068 (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §3, summarised in SPEC §15). | -| **R1–R6** | Risks | Numbered entries in the ROADMAP risk register. | -| **MAX_IN_COINS** | — | `= 8`. Fixed bound on input coins per send (Plonky2 circuit is fixed-shape; see decision §5.2 in MIGRATION_RESEARCH). | -| **MAX_OUT_COINS** | — | `= 8`. Fixed bound on output coins per send; same fixed-shape rationale as `MAX_IN_COINS`. | -| **TREE_DEPTH** | — | `= 256`. SMT depth (one level per key bit). | -| **Step N** | — | Refers to the corresponding row in ROADMAP's *Status at a Glance* table. | -| **BIP-340** | — | Bitcoin Schnorr signature scheme over secp256k1. The wallet uses BIP-340 to sign `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. | -| **Goldilocks** | — | The 64-bit prime field used by Plonky2 (`p = 2^64 - 2^32 + 1`). | -| **Poseidon** | — | Algebraic hash function we use for all Merkle node hashing and the field-element commitment of `AccountState`. | - ---- - -## 2. Conventions and Types - -### 2.1 Hash function - -Let `H : bytes → F^n` denote the protocol-wide hash function. In the reference implementation `H` is SHA256 (`HashDigest = [u8; 32]`). In a Plonky2 port, `H` should be an algebraic hash (e.g. Poseidon over the Goldilocks field, output 4 field elements ≡ 256 bits of security with appropriate parameters). Once chosen, `H` MUST be used consistently in: - -- All Merkle tree node hashes (`hash_concat`) -- The leaf-encoding rule (see §4.1) -- `AccountState::hash` (account commitment digest) -- `calculate_coin_identifier` -- The "commitment message" hashed before Schnorr signing (`H(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)`) -- The State's MMR-leaf rule (`H(smt_root || prev_mmr_root)`) -- The SMT key-derivation for a Bitcoin pubkey: `key = H(serialize_compressed(pubkey))` - -There is **no domain separation between "leaf hashing" and "internal node hashing"** in the SMT today, except that the very bottom leaf is `hash_concat(value, key)` and a domain-separated `hash_leaf(0x00 || data)` is used only for the DEFAULT_HASHES seed. A clean Plonky2 port SHOULD introduce explicit domain separation tags as field-element prefixes to avoid second-preimage ambiguity. See §10 for migration guidance. - -### 2.2 Primitive types - -| Type | Meaning | -| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -| `HashDigest` | Output of `H`. Fixed-size byte string (32 bytes for SHA256, 4 field elts for Poseidon). | -| `Address` | `HashDigest` derived as `H(initial_public_key_bytes)`. | -| `Amount` | `u64`. Coin amounts are non-negative integers; circuit MUST check `checked_add`/`checked_sub`. | -| `PublicKey` | Compressed secp256k1 pubkey, 33 bytes. Schnorr signatures (BIP-340) use x-only. | -| `VerifyingKey` | Identifier of the proof system's verifying key. SP1 uses `[u32; 8]`. Plonky2 would use the circuit's `VerifierOnlyCircuitData` digest. | - -### 2.3 Coin identifier rule - -``` -identifier := H(account_state_hash || u32_be(coin_index)) -``` - -where `account_state_hash` is the **sender's next** account state hash (after balance is decremented but **before** the public key is rotated to `next_public_key`), and `coin_index` is the 0-based index of the coin in the `out_coins` vector. This makes coin identifiers deterministic and content-addressed, which is what allows the circuit to enforce uniqueness and non-malleability without needing a per-coin signature. - ---- - -## 3. Account Model - -### 3.1 `AccountState` - -``` -AccountState { - owner: Address // = H(initial_public_key_bytes), never changes - balance: u64 - public_key: PublicKey // current commitment pubkey (rotates each send) -} -``` - -`AccountState::hash` MUST be a deterministic, canonical encoding hashed with `H`. The reference uses `bincode::serialize` followed by SHA256; a Plonky2 port SHOULD use a fixed field-element layout: `[owner_limbs..., balance_low, balance_high, pubkey_x_limbs..., pubkey_y_parity]` and a single Poseidon call. - -### 3.2 Coin - -``` -Coin { - identifier: HashDigest // = H(sender_next_account_state_hash || u32_be(index)) - recipient: Address // recipient's account owner - amount: Amount -} -``` - -### 3.3 Account transitions inside the circuit - -- **`apply_coin(coin)`** (used for input coins): assert `coin.recipient == self.owner`, `self.balance = self.balance.checked_add(coin.amount)`. Overflow MUST cause the proof to fail. -- **`send_coins(out_coins, out_proofs, next_public_key)`** (used after applying all input coins): - - Build the `out_coins_root` by inserting each `out_coin.identifier` into an initially empty SMT, witnessed by a non-inclusion proof per coin. The circuit MUST assert `out_coins_root == current_root` before each insert (i.e. each proof witnesses the running root). - - Decrement `self.balance` by each coin's amount with `checked_sub`; underflow MUST cause the proof to fail. - - After all inserts: compute `account_hash := H(self)` and assert `coin.identifier == H(account_hash || u32_be(i))` for every output coin `i`. - - Finally rotate the account's `public_key` to `next_public_key`. - - Return `out_coins_root`. - ---- - -## 4. Merkle Structures - -### 4.1 Sparse Merkle Tree (SMT) - -- **Depth:** `TREE_DEPTH = 256`. The Poseidon-Goldilocks port keeps this — a `HashDigest` is 4 Goldilocks elements × 64 bits = 256 bits when serialised, so 256 levels exactly cover the key's bit space. Implementations on smaller fields (e.g. BabyBear, 31 bits) would pack the key into more limbs but typically keep the depth at 256 (full-key-bit-tree); see `program-plonky2/src/merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs::TREE_DEPTH`. -- **Key:** a `HashDigest`. Bit `i` is the MSB-first selector at level `i` (level 0 = root, level `TREE_DEPTH` = leaf). -- **Leaf encoding:** `leaf_hash = H(value || key)`. The `value` is itself a `HashDigest`. -- **Default leaf** at level `TREE_DEPTH`: `H(0x00 || ε)` (domain-separated empty leaf in the reference; Plonky2 SHOULD pick a fixed sentinel field-element constant). -- **Default internal hashes:** `DEFAULT_HASHES[level] = H(DEFAULT_HASHES[level+1] || DEFAULT_HASHES[level+1])`. -- **Inclusion proof** = `(key, siblings[0..TREE_DEPTH])`. Verifier reconstructs the root from `H(value, key)` upwards, using bit `i` of `key` (MSB-first) to decide ordering: bit=0 → `(current, sibling)`, bit=1 → `(sibling, current)`. -- **Non-inclusion proof** = `(key, root, siblings, leaf=(other_key, other_value))`. Two cases: - 1. **Empty subtree case:** `other_key == key` AND `other_value == DEFAULT_HASHES[siblings.len()]`. Verifier hashes that default leaf upwards. - 2. **Occupied sibling case:** `other_key != key` (assert). Verifier hashes `H(other_value, other_key)` upwards along `other_key`'s path. By the SMT invariant this proves no leaf with `key` is present along the same prefix. -- **Insert via non-inclusion proof:** the verifier-and-inserter recomputes the new root by extending the proof with default-hash padding down to the first differing bit between `key` and `other_key`, then hashes both leaves upward. This MUST yield the new root deterministically. - -### 4.2 Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) - -In the reference this is actually a **fixed-shape padded Merkle tree** with capacity doubling, not a classical MMR. The name is historical; the structure used is simpler. - -- Capacity is the next power of two ≥ leaf-count, starting at 2. -- Missing leaves are padded with `ZERO_HASH` (= 32 zero bytes, or the zero field element). -- Internal nodes: `node = H(left || right)`. Missing right siblings are `ZERO_HASH`. -- The root advances when a leaf is appended; capacity doubles when the tree fills (no re-hashing, just resize). -- **Proof** = `(index, path)` where `path[level]` is the sibling at each level from leaf to (level just below) root. Verifier: if `index` is even at this level, `H(current || sibling)`; else `H(sibling || current)`; `index /= 2`. - ---- - -## 5. Global Commitment Format and History - -### 5.1 Off-chain "commitment" (`shared::commitment::Commitment`) - -A `Commitment` produced by the client is: - -``` -Commitment { - public_key: PublicKey // commitment pubkey (= account's current pk) - signature: Schnorr(BIP-340) // over msg_hash (see below) - message: bytes // the raw 32-byte H(asth || ocr) digest (no double-hashing) -} -``` - -The signed message is `H(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)` where both inputs are `HashDigest`s. If a Plonky2 port keeps SHA256 _here_ for compatibility with secp256k1 Schnorr, that is fine — but the `account_state_hash` and `output_coins_root` operands themselves are produced by `H` and so MUST match the chosen circuit hash. Mismatching the two will break the scanner ↔ circuit link. - -### 5.2 Global state (`node::state::State`) - -- `smt: SparseMerkleTree` — keyed by `H(serialize_compressed(commitment_pubkey))`, value = `H(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)` (`Commitment::get_account_state_hash()` — misleading name, it's actually the message digest). -- `mmr: MerkleMountainRange` — leaves are `H(smt_root || prev_mmr_root)`. -- `prev_mmr_root: HashDigest` — the MMR root just before the most recent SMT update was folded in. -- `root_indices: Map` — host-side lookup, not part of the protocol. - -#### `State::update(commitments)` - -For each `Commitment c`: - -1. `key := H(serialize_compressed(c.public_key))` -2. `value := c.message` (= `H(asth || ocr)`) -3. `smt.insert(key, value)` — fails if key already present with a different value (replay/inconsistency). - -After all inserts: - -4. `smt_root := smt.root()` -5. `prev_mmr_root := mmr.root()` (capture, then update `self.prev_mmr_root`) -6. `leaf := H(smt_root || prev_mmr_root)` -7. `mmr.append(leaf)` -8. Return `mmr.root()` (the new global commitment-history root). - -This is the contract that the scanner enforces, and the circuit's `verify_commitment` / `verify_previous_root` assume. - ---- - -## 6. `CommitmentMerkleProofs` - -A bundle of Merkle witnesses linking one **proof** (account or coin) to the current global history root. Provided as a hint to the circuit; the circuit verifies them. - -``` -CommitmentMerkleProofs { - commitment_root: HashDigest // SMT root containing this commitment - commitment_proof: InclusionProof // proves commitment in that SMT - commitment_root_history_proof: MMRProof // proves SMT root is in the MMR (paired w/ prev_mmr_root) - commitment_root_mmr_sibling: HashDigest // = prev_mmr_root at the time this commitment was folded - previous_root_history_proof: (HashDigest, MMRProof) // proves the previous MMR root is also in the MMR - commitment_account_state_hash: HashDigest // claimed asth, opened - commitment_out_coins_root: HashDigest // claimed ocr, opened -} -``` - -### Verifier rules - -- `commitment_proof.verify(H(commitment_account_state_hash || commitment_out_coins_root), commitment_root)` MUST hold. -- `commitment_root_history_proof.verify(H(commitment_root || commitment_root_mmr_sibling), current_history_root)` MUST hold. -- `previous_root_history_proof.1.verify(H(previous_root_history_proof.0 || prev_proof_history_root), current_history_root)` MUST hold, where `prev_proof_history_root` is the `commitment_history_root` committed by the prior proof we are verifying. - -This chain is what enforces **monotonicity of history**: a new proof must extend the same history its inputs came from. - ---- - -## 7. Program Inputs (`ProgramInputs`) - -These are passed to the circuit on stdin (SP1) or as private witness (Plonky2). All fields are private witnesses except those re-derived from the public output (`ProofData`). - -``` -ProgramInputs { - proof_type: InitialProof | AccountUpdateProof - verification_key: VerifyingKey // self-hash for recursion (see §9) - account_state: AccountState // sender's state BEFORE this send - current_history_root: HashDigest // claimed global MMR root - - // Only present for AccountUpdateProof - prev_proof_public_values: Option // prior account proof's public output - prev_proof_history_proofs: Option // witness that prior proof was committed on-chain - - // Per input coin (in_coins[i]) - in_coins: [Coin] - in_coin_proofs_public_values: [ProofData_bytes] // each coin's source proof public output - in_coin_proofs_history_proofs: [CommitmentMerkleProofs] // witnesses each source proof was committed - in_coin_proofs_non_inclusion_proofs: [NonInclusionProof] // witnesses each coin is unseen in own coin_history - in_coins_inclusion_proofs: [InclusionProof] // witnesses each coin is in source's out_coins_root - - // Outputs - out_coins: [Coin] - out_coin_proofs: [NonInclusionProof] // running non-inclusion proofs into the new (initially empty) out_coins_tree - next_public_key: PublicKey // sender's rotated key -} -``` - -For the recursive proofs (`prev_proof_public_values` and each `in_coin_proofs_public_values`), the host MUST also supply the actual recursive proof artifact (in SP1: `SP1Stdin::write_proof`). In Plonky2 these become `ProofWithPublicInputsTarget`s and are verified by `verify_proof::(...)` against a fixed `verifier_data` digest. - ---- - -## 8. Circuit Logic - -The circuit reads `ProgramInputs`, performs all asserts and field updates, and commits a single `ProofData` as public output. - -``` -fn main(inputs: ProgramInputs): - vk := inputs.verification_key - account_state := inputs.account_state // mutable local - history_root := inputs.current_history_root - - // 1. Coin-history root: either default (initial proof) or carried from prev account proof. - coin_history_root := match inputs.proof_type: - InitialProof: - // Mint exception: the special MINTING_ADDRESS may have any starting balance. - if account_state.owner != MINTING_ADDRESS: - assert account_state.balance == 0 - DEFAULT_HASHES[0] - - AccountUpdateProof: - // Recursively verify the previous account proof. - prev := verify_proof(inputs.prev_proof_public_values, vk) - assert vk == prev.vk // (a) same circuit - assert account_state.hash() == prev.account_state_hash // (b) state continuity - mp := inputs.prev_proof_history_proofs - assert account_state.hash() == mp.commitment_account_state_hash // (c) opening matches witness - assert mp.verify_commitment(history_root) // (d) commitment in history - assert mp.verify_previous_root(prev.commitment_history_root, history_root) // (e) extends prior history - prev.coin_history_root - - // 2. Apply each input coin (in order). - for (i, coin) in inputs.in_coins.iter().enumerate(): - cp := verify_proof(inputs.in_coin_proofs_public_values[i], vk) // recursive - assert vk == cp.vk - // Source's out_coins_root must contain this coin. - assert inputs.in_coins_inclusion_proofs[i].verify(coin.identifier, cp.output_coins_root) - // Source's commitment must be in the global history. - mp := inputs.in_coin_proofs_history_proofs[i] - assert cp.output_coins_root == mp.commitment_out_coins_root - assert mp.verify_commitment(history_root) - assert mp.verify_previous_root(cp.commitment_history_root, history_root) - // Coin must be unseen in own coin_history and inserted there. - nip := inputs.in_coin_proofs_non_inclusion_proofs[i] - assert coin_history_root == nip.root - coin_history_root := nip.verify_and_insert(coin.identifier) - account_state := account_state.apply_coin(coin) // assert recipient == owner, checked_add - - // 3. Build new out_coins_root and rotate pubkey. - out_coins_root := account_state.send_coins( - inputs.out_coins, inputs.out_coin_proofs, inputs.next_public_key - ) - // send_coins internally: - // - For each (out_coin, ncl_proof): - // assert out_coins_root_running == ncl_proof.root - // out_coins_root_running := ncl_proof.insert(out_coin.identifier) - // balance := balance.checked_sub(out_coin.amount) // assert no underflow - // - Compute account_hash := H(account_state) - // - For each (i, out_coin): - // assert out_coin.identifier == H(account_hash || u32_be(i)) - // - account_state.public_key := next_public_key - - // 4. Commit public output. - commit(ProofData { - vk: vk, - account_state_hash: account_state.hash(), - output_coins_root: out_coins_root, - commitment_history_root: history_root, - coin_history_root: coin_history_root, - }) -``` - -### Note on the minting account - -`MINTING_ADDRESS` is a `HashDigest` constant. In the Plonky2/Poseidon build it is a domain-separated placeholder baked into `program-plonky2/src/types.rs::MINTING_ADDRESS` and **overridden at runtime** in `runtime.rs::start_rest_node`: after constructing the minting `ClientAccount` from `minting_secret.bin`, the code sets `minting_client.address = *MINTING_ADDRESS` so the prover circuit and the node state share the same value. This runtime override was added in PR [#36](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/36) to fix a panic-in-tokio-spawn regression (see [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.23](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#723-minting_address-panic-in-tokiospawn-ed-task-swallows-node-bootstrap--medium-codified)). The closed test environment means we are not bound to the historical SP1 minting key. - ---- - -## 9. Public Output (`ProofData`) - -``` -ProofData { - vk: VerifyingKey - account_state_hash: HashDigest - output_coins_root: HashDigest - commitment_history_root: HashDigest - coin_history_root: HashDigest -} -``` - -`vk` is the **circuit's own verifying-key digest**. It's used to enforce that a recursively verified proof was generated by the exact same circuit (preventing a different circuit from forging public values). - -In SP1 this is `vk.hash_u32()` (the verifying key reduced to `[u32; 8]`). In Plonky2 the standard pattern is to pass a public input that pins `verifier_data.circuit_digest`. The host MUST hard-code this digest in the on-chain protocol params and the scanner. - ---- - -## 10. Recursion Contract - -The circuit verifies recursive proofs of itself. Two requirements: - -1. **Same circuit:** every recursively verified proof's `vk` field MUST equal the verifier's own `vk`. -2. **Public-value binding:** when verifying a recursive proof, the verifier MUST bind the entire `ProofData` it just consumed (`account_state_hash`, `output_coins_root`, `commitment_history_root`, `coin_history_root`) into the rest of the circuit logic. In SP1 this is automatic via `sp1_zkvm::lib::verify::verify_sp1_proof(&vkey, &public_values_digest)`. In Plonky2 this requires connecting each public input of the recursive `ProofTarget` to the corresponding local target. - -For the **initial proof** there is no prior account proof to verify. The circuit takes the `InitialProof` branch, asserts `balance == 0` (except for `MINTING_ADDRESS`), and seeds `coin_history_root` with `DEFAULT_HASHES[0]`. - ---- - -## 11. Off-Circuit Responsibilities - -### 11.1 Node (`node::account_node::send_coins`) - -1. Look up the sender's `Account` (its coin queue, prior account proof, and own coin_history SMT). -2. For each queued `CoinProof`: - - Build a `CommitmentMerkleProofs` for the **coin's source proof** (witness it's on-chain). - - Build a `NonInclusionProof` against the account's own coin_history (proves replay safety) and insert into it. - - Carry over the per-coin `InclusionProof` (the proof that the coin was in its source's `out_coins_root`). -3. Build the `out_coins` from invoices, with deterministic identifiers derived from the **next** account state hash. -4. Build per-out-coin running `NonInclusionProof`s against an empty SMT. -5. If a prior account proof exists, build a `CommitmentMerkleProofs` for it and choose `AccountUpdateProof`; else choose `InitialProof`. -6. Call the prover. On success: persist the proof, clear `coin_queue`, set `balance := balance + queued_balance - invoiced_amount`, store the proof as the new `account.proof`. -7. Return the `CoinProof`s (one per output coin), each containing the new proof + inclusion proof into the new `out_coins_root`. The recipient client later POSTs these to `/api/receive`. - -### 11.2 Client (`shared::ClientAccount::create_commitment`) - -Given a fresh node response `(proof_id, account_state_hash, output_coins_root)`: - -1. Sign `H(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)` with the **current** commitment private key (BIP-32 derivation index = `num_pubkeys - 1` in the reference). -2. POST `(proof_id, commitment)` to `/api/jobs/:id/commit` (the path includes the send-job's UUID returned by the original `/api/jobs/send` admit). The node attaches this commitment to the proof, builds a Taproot commit+reveal tx pair whose commit-tx txid begins with `4242`, and broadcasts. - -### 11.2.1 Job-API endpoints (PR1 — replacing the legacy synchronous routes) - -Wallet flow is now poll-based. The synchronous `/api/mint`, `/api/send`, `/api/commit` routes are removed; every request that touches the prover or the publisher goes through a job row. - -| Route | Purpose | -|---|---| -| `POST /api/jobs/mint` | Admit a fresh mint job. Body identical to the legacy `/api/mint`. Requires `Idempotency-Key` header. Returns 202 + `{job_id, status: "queued"}` + `Location: /api/jobs/`. | -| `POST /api/jobs/send` | Admit a fresh send job. Body identical to the legacy `/api/send` (signature + timestamp verified inline before admission). Requires `Idempotency-Key`. Returns 202 + `{job_id, status}`. | -| `GET /api/jobs/:id` | Poll handler. Non-terminal rows carry `Retry-After: 2`. Body shape: `{job_id, kind, status, phase, progress, proof_id?, result?, error?}`. | -| `GET /api/jobs/:id/stream` | **SSE push channel** (PR2). Server-Sent Events stream that emits an initial `event: phase` (or `event: complete` for terminal jobs) with the current snapshot, then forwards every dispatcher phase transition as `event: phase`, and closes with `event: complete` once the job reaches a terminal status. `: heartbeat` comment every 25 s so Cloudflare Tunnel's ~100 s idle drop does not kill the stream. Polling (`GET /api/jobs/:id`) remains the fallback when SSE is unavailable. | -| `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` | Attach the wallet-signed commitment to a `send` job in `awaiting_signature`. Body identical to the legacy `/api/commit`. Returns 200 + `{status: "broadcasting"}`. | -| `POST /api/jobs/:id/cancel` | Cancel a job. Only succeeds while `status = queued`; later states return 409. | - -**State machine (per job row, `migrations/0014_jobs.sql`):** - -``` -queued - ↓ dispatcher pulls from mpsc::Receiver -proving - ↓ mint: → broadcasting → completed - ↓ send: → awaiting_signature ─ /jobs/:id/commit → broadcasting → completed - ↓ any failure: → failed -``` - -**Idempotency.** Every admit carries `Idempotency-Key`. Replays of the same `(account, key)` pair surface the original `job_id` (or the cached response body if `status = completed`) instead of inserting a second row. - -**Crash recovery.** The boot-time `runtime::boot_resume_jobs` walks every non-terminal row: rows in `queued / proving / broadcasting` are marked `failed` (the wallet's signed timestamp window has expired and in-process Plonky2 state is lost); rows in `awaiting_signature` get a fresh `Notify` channel and are handed back to the dispatcher so the wallet can still attach the signature. - -See `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.27 for the architectural rationale of the poll-based contract; §7.28 for the SSE push channel added on top (PR2). - -**SSE event shape** (`/api/jobs/:id/stream`): - -``` -event: phase -data: {"status":"proving","phase":"proving","proof_id":null,"result":null,"error":null} - -event: phase -data: {"status":"awaiting_signature","phase":"awaiting_signature","proof_id":17,"result":null,"error":null} - -event: phase -data: {"status":"broadcasting","phase":"broadcasting","proof_id":null,"result":null,"error":null} - -event: complete -data: {"status":"completed","phase":"completed","proof_id":null,"result":{},"error":null} -``` - -Failure / cancel variants emit `event: complete` with `status = failed` (plus `error`) or `status = cancelled`. The stream closes after the first `event: complete` frame. - -### 11.3 Scanner (`node::scanner`) - -1. Poll Esplora (or any Bitcoin tx source). -2. Filter txs whose txid hex starts with `4242`. -3. Extract Taproot inscription payload (`extract_inscription_content`). -4. Deserialize as `Commitment`. -5. Verify the Schnorr signature (`Commitment::verify`). -6. Forward to `State::update([commitment])` and persist `latest_block`. - -The block height/order is implicitly authoritative: whoever lands first in the SMT wins. Replay is prevented by the SMT's reject-on-duplicate-key rule. - ---- - -## 12. Migration Notes: Porting to Plonky2 + Poseidon - -This list captures the non-trivial decisions a port must make. None of them are optional. - -1. **Pick `H`.** Recommended: Poseidon over Goldilocks (`F = GF(2^64 - 2^32 + 1)`), width 12, full+partial rounds per the standard parameter set. `HashDigest` becomes 4 field elements (≡ 256-bit security with appropriate rate). - -2. **Re-derive `MINTING_ADDRESS`.** Plonky2 port has it as a domain-separated placeholder (`program-plonky2/src/types.rs::MINTING_ADDRESS`). At node runtime, `runtime.rs::start_rest_node` overrides it by setting `minting_client.address = *MINTING_ADDRESS` on the freshly-constructed `ClientAccount` so the prover circuit and runtime state agree on the value (see `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.23). Closed test environment means no requirement to match the historical SP1 minting key. - -3. **`AccountState` hashing.** Drop `bincode + SHA256`. Define a canonical field-element layout (e.g. `[owner_limbs(4), balance_lo, balance_hi, pubkey_x_limbs(4), pubkey_parity]`) and hash with Poseidon. Both circuit and host MUST agree. - -4. **SMT depth.** Set `TREE_DEPTH` to the bit-length of `HashDigest` in the new field. For Poseidon-256 over Goldilocks treated as 4×64-bit limbs, you can either keep depth 256 (key = bits of all 4 limbs) or move to a smaller depth and accept a tiny non-injectivity probability (not recommended). Recommended: keep 256 with explicit big-endian limb ordering. - -5. **Add domain separation.** Replace the current leaf rule `H(value, key)` and internal-node rule `H(left, right)` with tagged variants: `H(LEAF_TAG, value, key)` and `H(NODE_TAG, left, right)`. This is essentially free in algebraic-hash circuits and removes a class of second-preimage edge cases the SHA256 version papers over. - -6. **Schnorr message hashing.** secp256k1 BIP-340 Schnorr signs SHA256(msg). You have two choices: - - **Keep secp256k1 + SHA256 for the signature only.** The signed *message* becomes `SHA256(account_state_hash || output_coins_root)` where `account_state_hash` and `output_coins_root` are 32-byte serializations of Poseidon outputs. This keeps wallet UX and Bitcoin-native signing unchanged. - - **Switch to an in-circuit-friendly signature** (e.g. EdDSA over a Plonky2-friendly curve). Cheaper to verify in-circuit, but breaks Bitcoin-native key reuse. - For an MVP, keep option (1). - -7. **Verifying-key binding.** Replace `vk: [u32; 8]` with the Plonky2 `circuit_digest` (a `HashOut`). Bind this as a public input on every recursive verification step. - -8. **Public-value serialization.** SP1's `bincode::serialize(&ProofData)` doesn't apply. Define `ProofData` as a flat array of field elements committed in order. The hash committed by `verify_proof` is the Poseidon hash of those public inputs. - -9. **MMR `ZERO_HASH`.** Replace with the zero field element (or the additive identity in the chosen group). Adjust `DEFAULT_HASHES` derivation accordingly. - -10. **`u32_be(coin_index)` in identifier.** Replace with one field element (range-checked to `< 2^32`) for in-circuit efficiency. - -11. **Number-of-input-coins bound.** SP1 lets `in_coins.len()` be dynamic at proving time. Plonky2 circuits are fixed-shape — pick a max (e.g. 8 input coins per send, padded with dummy "amount = 0" coins). The circuit MUST treat amount-zero coins as no-ops (skip non-inclusion insertion, skip apply, but still consume one slot of fixed-size arrays). - -12. **No `panic!`, no `expect!`.** In Plonky2 every "fail the proof" path becomes a constraint. Replace `Result<_, &'static str>` host code with explicit asserts inside the circuit. Note in particular: `checked_add`/`checked_sub`/`balance == 0`/`recipient == owner`/`coin.identifier == expected_identifier`. - -13. **Don't trust the `verify_previous_root` shortcut in the host.** `account_node.rs::get_merkle_proofs` has a `let _ = proofs.verify_previous_root(...)` comment claiming it's redundant. That redundancy holds because the in-circuit predicate re-checks it — for `prev_account` via Stage 5c+'s `CommitmentMerkleProofs` gates, and for in-coin sources via Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2b's per-slot SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain. - ---- - -## 13. Invariants the Tests Should Encode - -A test-suite for the ported circuit MUST cover at minimum: - -- **Initial proof, non-mint, balance != 0** → proof rejected. -- **Initial proof, mint** → proof accepted; coin_history_root is `DEFAULT_HASHES[0]`. -- **Account update, mismatched `account_state.hash()` vs prev `account_state_hash`** → rejected. -- **Account update, prev's `commitment_history_root` not in current MMR** → rejected. -- **Input coin whose source-proof is not in commitment history** → rejected. -- **Input coin whose identifier is not in source's `output_coins_root`** → rejected. -- **Double-spend: same input coin twice in coin_history** → rejected. -- **Output coin with `identifier != H(account_hash || index)`** → rejected. -- **Sum of outputs > balance + sum of inputs** → rejected (underflow). -- **Overflow on sum of input amounts** → rejected. -- **Wrong `vk` on recursive proof** → rejected. - ---- - -## 14. References - -- Shielded CSV paper — Jonas Nick, Liam Eagen, Robin Linus. https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/068 -- Shielded CSV reference implementation (normative) — https://github.com/ShieldedCSV/ShieldedCSV -- `BitVM/zkCoins` Plonky2 prototype (IVC scaffold only) — https://github.com/BitVM/zkCoins -- Plonky2 implementation — this repository, `program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs` -- Historical SP1 implementation — preserved at tag `v0.last-sp1` -- Migration research and divergence analysis — [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) - ---- - -## 15. Divergences from Shielded CSV (paper) - -This implementation differs from the published Shielded CSV protocol in 11 concrete ways. Each is either a deliberate MVP simplification, a deferred feature, or a privacy/soundness gap that must be closed before mainnet. The detailed analysis lives in [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](./MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) §3. Summary table: - -| # | This SPEC | Paper | Class | Status | -| --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------- | -------------------- | -| D1 | `identifier = H(asth ‖ u32_be(idx))` (32 B) | `CoinID = tx_hash ‖ idx` (34 B), `CoinIDOnChain = blockchain_loc ‖ idx` (8 B) | Architectural | Accepted for MVP | -| D2 | `Coin.recipient = Address` (plaintext) | `coin.essence.address = Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)` (hiding) | **Privacy** | **Must fix pre-mainnet** | -| D3 | Single Schnorr commitment in Taproot inscription, txid prefix `4242` | Half-aggregate BIP-340 Schnorr `AggregateNullifier` via third-party publishers | Architectural | Accepted for MVP | -| D4 | Global state = SMT(`H(pk)` → `H(asth ‖ ocr)`) + MMR over `H(smt_root ‖ prev_mmr_root)` | `ToSAcc` tuple-of-sets over `(pk, sig_comm, blockchain_loc, fee_acct_comm)` with prefix proofs | Architectural | Open | -| D5 | SMT depth 256, hash-keyed (uniform) | `AccM` lex-ordered by `CoinIDOnChain` for subtree pruning | Scalability | Re-evaluate at scale | -| D6 | No fee field, no fee output | `fee: u64` + `FEE_IDX = 0xffff` reserved coin index for publisher payout | Missing feature | Deferred | -| D7 | No conditional-noop on reorg | `conditional_nav` degrades tx to no-op if claimed nullifier-accum no longer prefix | **Reorg safety** | **Must fix pre-mainnet** | -| D8 | `Coin` carries no `nullifier_accum` snapshot | `Coin` carries snapshot; receiver verifies it's in their local history | **Soundness** | **Must fix pre-mainnet** | -| D9 | No range/uniqueness checks on `coin_index` | `idx` strictly increasing within tx; `idx == FEE_IDX` reserved | Soundness | Cheap fix | -| D10 | `apply_coin` checks `coin.recipient == self.owner` plaintext | Opens `Commitment::commit(acct_id, rand)` with witnessed `acct_comm_rand` | **Privacy** | **Tied to D2** | -| D11 | `MINTING_ADDRESS` hard-coded | `payment_init_newacct` for fresh accounts; `issuance(IssuanceProof)` branch | Architectural | Deferred | - -**Bottom line:** D2/D10, D7, D8 are blockers for mainnet (privacy + soundness + reorg safety). D6 is a UX/economics blocker (no fee → no publisher incentive). The rest are documented departures from paper fidelity that the MVP accepts. diff --git a/program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md b/program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md index 88bdb665..31bcb7f6 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md +++ b/program-plonky2/CONTRIBUTING.md @@ -5,10 +5,17 @@ machine. This crate is **excluded from the parent workspace** and carries its own toolchain pin. > **Fresh contributor?** Read [`../CONTRIBUTING.md`](../CONTRIBUTING.md) -> § "Working on the Plonky2 Migration" first for the project invariants -> and reading order. This file is the operational *how* for the migration -> crate, but the rules in the repo-root CONTRIBUTING constrain what you -> may change here. +> first for the trust model, coding standards, and PR flow. This file is the +> operational *how* for the circuit crate, but the rules in the repo-root +> CONTRIBUTING constrain what you may change here. +> +> **Design-doc references.** Comments in this crate cite `SPEC.md` (the +> circuit/single-asset spec) and `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`/`ROADMAP.md`. Those +> documents were archived out of the node repo into +> [`zk-coins/research` → `zkcoins-design/`](https://github.com/zk-coins/research/tree/develop/zkcoins-design) +> (verbatim, same section numbers); the published protocol spec and roadmap live +> at [docs.zkcoins.app/specification](https://docs.zkcoins.app/specification) and +> [docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap](https://docs.zkcoins.app/roadmap). ## Toolchain @@ -186,7 +193,7 @@ tests × 3–15 min each) is NOT in CI — `Node + Shared Tests` runs in CI is tracked in [issue #50](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/issues/50); until that lands, contributors run the sweep locally before opening / updating a PR that touches this crate (see -[`../CONTRIBUTING.md`](../CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Pre-push checklist"). +[`../CONTRIBUTING.md`](../CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Setup"). ## Common pitfalls diff --git a/program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md b/program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7143d463..00000000 --- a/program-plonky2/SESSION_STATE.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,291 +0,0 @@ -# Session state — pickup notes for the next agent - -> **STATUS — SNAPSHOT OF PRE-MERGE STATE.** This file documents the -> migration session state as of the PR -> [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) merge on -> 2026-05-18. Current work is on `develop`. The per-stage commit map -> (below) and the lesson index remain useful as a historical pickup -> reference; the "What's deferred to post-MVP" and "Next session" -> sections are superseded by the Step 9 entries in [`../ROADMAP.md`](../ROADMAP.md). - -Read this first if you're picking up where the previous session -left off. - -## Pre-merge branch state (historical) - -`feat/plonky2-migration` → merged into `develop` via PR -[#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) on 2026-05-18 -21:50 UTC. All 6 CI checks were green at merge time (Lint & Build, -Tests, Analyze rust, Analyze actions, CodeQL, Coverage MVP scope). - -## Step status summary - -- Steps 1–4: ✅ done -- Step 5 (monolithic circuit, all stages through 5d-next-5): ✅ - done. Stage 5d-next-5 source-side verification via aggregator - pattern landed via PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23) - — Phase 1 (aggregator skeleton, `cc9c4b6` from PR #22) + Phase 2a - (outer `verify_proof(aggregator)` + `connect_hashes` vk binding + - `ConstantGate::new(2)` shape lock) + Phase 2b (per-slot SMT - inclusion + SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain + OCR coupling + active-bit - binding) + Phase 3 (3 SPEC §13 source-side negatives). Two - Plonky2 1.1.0 shape blockers resolved empirically (probe in - [`src/circuit/recursion_shape_probe.rs`](src/circuit/recursion_shape_probe.rs)), - end-state documented in - [`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721). -- Step 6 (script-plonky2 prover host wrapper): ✅ done (`d96bb62`) -- Step 7 (node replacement): ✅ done. Workspace toolchain unified - to nightly. `program/` + `script/` deleted (recoverable via - `git checkout v0.last-sp1 -- ...`). shared + node fully - migrated to Plonky2-era modules with the HashDigest type-shift - handled at all boundaries. `account_node::send_coins` wired to - the Plonky2 `Prover` wrapper (`c71c9fc`); the **in-circuit - source-side validation** via `prove_*_and_sources` is wired - through (Step 7 follow-up, addresses #25), with the off-circuit - pre-check loop retained as **defense-in-depth fast-fail** before - the minute-scale prove. Dockerfile re-introduced (`dac0179`). 138 - node tests pass with `--all-features` (32 baseline + 10 inline - error-path in `d6a3cb9` + 64 ported SP1-era fixtures re-enabled - via `account_node_tests.rs` + `router_tests.rs` + 13 - feature-gated + 1 new Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2b negative + 17 - `map_send_coins_error` unit tests landed in PR #31 + 1 new - handler-level 404 test landed in PR #31). All surface verified - end-to-end in release mode. -- Steps 8–9: ⏳ todo (App/Wallet integration + DEV deployment). - Both require work outside this repo (`zk-coins/app` + deploy - pipelines + SSH access to the DEV / PRD hosts). - -## Smoke test verified - -`cargo run --release -p node` boots cleanly: -- `Prover::new()` builds the cyclic state-transition circuit -- REST API binds `0.0.0.0:4242` -- `GET /health` → `ok` -- `GET /api/info` → `{"network":"Mutinynet"}` -- Block scanner connects to Esplora + processes Mutinynet tip -- No panics, no errors - -## Active parallel work - -None. PR #31 (Issue #28 housekeeping) addresses all four deferred -follow-ups (HTTP error mapping + CI coverage exclusions + CI cyclic -tests + doc fold). Once PR #31 merges into `feat/plonky2-migration`, -this section reflects the post-merge state. - -Closed follow-ups (all landed in PR #31): - -1. ✅ done — `/api/send` + `/api/mint` switched from `200 OK + - success:false` to `4xx/5xx + body.error` via the new - `map_send_coins_error` helper. 14 unit tests pin every documented - `send_coins` error string to its `(StatusCode, body)` pair. - See PR #31 commit `feat(api): replace 200+success:false ...`. -2. ✅ done — the workflow's `--ignore-filename-regex` already - drops `account_node.rs` + `router.rs` (Issue #28's snapshot - of the exclusion list was stale at the file level). Local - `cargo llvm-cov --release -p node --fail-under-lines 100 - --fail-under-functions 100` returns exit 0 with the current - exclusion list: 100% functions (96/96), 99.44% lines - (1067/1073), 97.98% regions. The 6 uncovered lines are all - `?` error-propagation sites in `account_node.rs::send_coins` - (323, 358, 400, 412, 415, 478) — the gate accepts the - exit-0 status as authoritative; no tactical `#[coverage(off)]` - annotations added (every uncovered line is a legitimately - reachable Err path, just not exercised in the current test - suite). -3. ✅ done — `tests` job runs the full Stage 5c+/5d/5d-next-3/ - 5d-next-5/5e cyclic sweep (`--skip stage_5*` flags removed). - `timeout-minutes` bumped 75 → 180 to fit ~125–165 min worst-case - wall on `ubuntu-latest`. -4. ✅ done — aggregator-pattern write-up folded into - [`../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721); - standalone tracker file deleted. - -## What works end-to-end - -The monolithic state-transition circuit at -[`src/circuit/main.rs`](src/circuit/main.rs) implements **the full -SPEC §8 predicate including source-side verification of in-coins** -(Stage 5d-next-5): - -- Initial-branch predicate (mint exception, empty SMT roots). -- AccountUpdate branch with cyclic recursion, SPEC §8 (a)+(b). -- Prev-account `CommitmentMerkleProofs` (c)+(d)+(e) via fixed-shape - SMT + 2× MMR inclusion gadgets. -- `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` in-coin slots with SMT non-inclusion + insert - into `coin_history_root` and full `apply_coin` semantics - (recipient check + balance overflow check via `split_le(sum, 33)`). -- **Per in-coin slot — Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2b — source-side**: - - Strict `connect(slot.active, aggregator.slot[i].active_pi)` — - no in-coin can be consumed without a verified source proof. - - SMT inclusion of `coin.identifier` in - `source.output_coins_root`. - - OCR coupling: `source.output_coins_root == - source_cmp.commitment_out_coins_root`. - - SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain for source's commitment in the outer's - `history_root` (mirrors the prev-account CMP gates). -- `MAX_OUT_COINS = 8` out-coin slots with SMT non-inclusion + insert - into `output_coins_root`, balance subtraction with underflow check - via `split_le(diff, 64)`, identifier derivation - (`out_coin.identifier == Poseidon(interim_asth || u32(index))`) - and pubkey rotation. -- `INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15` (1 << 15 = 32 768 gates in - the helper, matching the ~50 k outer circuit gates' degree 16 via - `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1`). - -## What's deferred to post-MVP - -Nothing in the state-transition circuit itself is deferred — Stage -5d-next-5 landed (PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23)) -and all three previously-off-circuit SPEC §13 source-side negatives -are now covered in-circuit (`stage_5d_next_5_phase_3_*` tests). - -Pre-mainnet protocol redesigns remain (see ROADMAP "Pre-mainnet -blockers"): D2/D10 (recipient hiding), D7 (reorg safety), D8 -(per-coin nullifier-accum). These are real protocol changes, not -implementation gaps. - -## Test count + budget - -At Stage 5d-next-5 / Phase 2b production parameters -(`MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, -`INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15`): - -- `program-plonky2` lib: 117 tests total (115 default-run + 2 - `#[ignore]`d `recursion_shape_probe` diagnostics). Of the 115 - default-run, ~39 are cyclic-recursion tests (build the - state-transition + aggregator circuits and prove), the remainder - exercise off-circuit gadgets (Poseidon / SMT / MMR / types / - inputs). `cargo test --release --lib -- --test-threads=2` wall - ~42 min on M3. Single-threaded ~80–120 min on `ubuntu-latest`. -- `node` crate: 120 tests with `--all-features` (32 baseline + 10 - inline error-path + 64 ported SP1-era fixtures + 13 feature-gated - + 1 Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2b negative). `cargo test -p node - --release --all-features -- --test-threads=1` wall ~36 min on M3. - -A serial workspace sweep at `--test-threads=1` is several hours. -Default multi-thread is bounded by RAM (~2 GB per test). - -`cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100 -- --test-threads=1` is the -coverage gate. The CI workflow currently excludes -`account_node.rs` + `router.rs` from the gate while the in-circuit -`send_coins` refactor was in progress; with the refactor landed -(this branch), the exclusions can be dropped — see "Files most -likely to be touched next" above. - -## Per-stage commit map - -| Stage | Commit | Summary | -| --- | --- | --- | -| 5a | `1036066` (superseded by 5b) | Cyclic-recursion plumbing PoC | -| 5b | `d167237` | Initial-branch predicate | -| 5c | `bba6470` | AccountUpdate branch + state continuity | -| SMT redesign | `4f317fe` | Uncompressed fixed-256-depth SMT | -| 5c+ | `4bc5f2f` | `CommitmentMerkleProofs` in-circuit | -| coverage fix | `2ce36ce` | 3 panic tests for assert_eq messages | -| 5d | `7db3c29` | In-coin slot processing for `coin_history` | -| 5d-next | `0195f71` | `apply_coin` (recipient + balance + overflow) | -| 5d-next-2 | `b2b82e7` | Bump `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` | -| 5d-next-3 | `6b5a885` | Out-coin processing | -| 5d-next-4 design | `1943316` | Design doc for source verification | -| 5d-next-3-bump | `56f3a05` | Bump `MAX_OUT_COINS = 8` | -| 5d-next-3 combined | `d292855`, `8fab78a` | Init / Update with both loops active | -| 5e | `7db3c29`, …, `50a1bd9` | 10-of-11 SPEC §13 negatives (pre-5d-next-5) | -| docs / cleanup | `508ec9c`, `a502b8f`, `05c17f8`, `50a1bd9` | ROADMAP + SPEC + panic-test refactor | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 1 | `cc6e60e`-era from PR [#22](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/22) (`cc9c4b6`) | Aggregator skeleton + per-slot `conditionally_verify_proof` | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 2a | PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23) (`b5be37a`) | Outer `verify_proof(aggregator)` + `connect_hashes` vk binding + `ConstantGate::new(2)` shape lock | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 2b | PR #23 (`f9fa75a`) | Per-slot SMT inclusion + SPEC §8 (c)(d)(e) chain + OCR coupling + active-bit binding | -| 5d-next-5 Phase 3 | PR #23 (`f9fa75a` + `e09fe5f`) | 3 SPEC §13 source-side negatives + 4 positives; fixes the previously-3-of-11 §13 gap | -| Step 7 follow-up | this branch (`7ff3f7b`, `cc6e60e`) | `send_coins` switched to in-circuit `prove_*_and_sources`; off-circuit shim retained as defense-in-depth fast-fail | - -## Files most likely to be touched next - -1. [`../.github/workflows/ci.yaml`](../.github/workflows/ci.yaml) — - drop the temporary coverage exclusions for `account_node.rs` + - `router.rs`; optionally include the Stage 5d-next-5 cyclic tests - by removing `--skip stage_5d --skip stage_5e` and bumping the - `tests` job's `timeout-minutes` from 30 to ~120. -2. Steps 8–9 in [`../ROADMAP.md`](../ROADMAP.md): App/wallet Schnorr - signing integration + DEV deployment + Signet end-to-end - roundtrip. Both span repos outside this one (`zk-coins/app` plus - deploy pipelines / SSH to the DEV / PRD hosts). -3. ✅ done — empirical insights from the Stage 5d-next-5 aggregator - work now live in - [`../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721). - Tracker file removed in the Issue #28 housekeeping pass. - -## Things explicitly NOT in this branch - -- App / wallet integration (Step 8). -- DEV deployment (Step 9). -- Pre-mainnet protocol redesigns (D2/D10 / D7 / D8 — see - ROADMAP "Pre-mainnet blockers"). - -Step 6 (`script-plonky2/` prover host) and Step 7 (node-side -replacement + in-circuit `send_coins` follow-up) have BOTH landed -on this branch. - -## Test confirmation status - -**Historical snapshot (Stage 5d-next-3 era, `INNER_PAD_BITS = 14`).** -Kept for the wall-time reference points; the current branch is at -`INNER_PAD_BITS_STAGE_5D_NEXT_5 = 15` for the Phase 2b outer. - -| Test | Confirmed | Run notes | -| --- | --- | --- | -| `stage_5d_initial_with_one_active_in_coin` | ✅ | 188 s wall, single in-coin | -| `stage_5d_next_3_initial_with_one_active_out_coin` | ✅ | 761 s wall, single out-coin | -| `stage_5d_next_3_initial_combined_in_and_out_coin` | ✅ | 781 s wall, both loops active | -| `stage_5d_next_3_account_update_combined_in_and_out_coin` | ✅ | 926 s wall, both loops + cyclic recursion + CMP (b)(c)(d)(e) chain | - -**Current branch (Stage 5d-next-5 / Phase 2b landed; PR #31 -housekeeping merged).** Full `program-plonky2` lib sweep ~42 min -wall on M3 with `--test-threads=2`, 115 cyclic-recursion tests -green; full node sweep `cargo test -p node --release ---all-features -- --test-threads=1` ~36 min wall, 138 tests green -(including the Phase 2b negative -`test_send_coins_rejects_tampered_source_proof_inclusion` + the -17 `map_send_coins_error_*` unit tests + 1 new handler-level 404 -test from PR #31). -See [`../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.22 "Benchmark"](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md#722-stage-5d-next-5-source-side-verification-via-aggregator-pattern--codified-resolves-721) -for the per-test wall-time breakdown. - -## Next session — verification checklist - -Before adding new features: - -1. `git fetch && git pull --ff-only origin feat/plonky2-migration` - — pull any parallel work. -2. `cargo check --workspace --all-targets` — should be a no-op - build after the cache warms. -3. `cargo fmt --all --check` and `cargo clippy --workspace - --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings`. -4. `cargo test -p node --release --all-features -- --test-threads=1` - — 120 tests, ~36 min wall on M3. -5. `cargo test -p zkcoins-program-plonky2 --release --lib -- - --test-threads=2` — 115 cyclic tests, ~42 min wall on M3. -6. `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100 -- - --test-threads=1` — coverage gate (after dropping the temporary - `account_node.rs` + `router.rs` exclusions from - `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`). - -If any test fails: bisect against the commit list in -[`../ROADMAP.md`](../ROADMAP.md) Done section. - -After confirmation: Steps 8–9 (App/wallet Schnorr signing -integration + DEV deployment + Signet end-to-end roundtrip). - -## Lesson index in MIGRATION_RESEARCH §7 - -For quick orientation, the relevant lessons from this session: - -| § | Topic | -| --- | --- | -| 7.12 | BitVM's `common_data_for_recursion` is broken under Plonky2 1.1.0 | -| 7.13 | Coverage debt from unreachable `Result<()>` calls — use `.expect()` | -| 7.14 | Path-compressed SMTs are incompatible with cyclic recursion | -| 7.15 | Conditional constraints via `select_hash` masking | -| 7.16 | MMR `root_extended` / `extend_to` for fixed-depth verification | -| 7.17 | Per-slot `active`-bit masking for variable-count loops | -| 7.18 | `add_virtual_target` requires explicit witnessing; prefer `split_le` | -| 7.19 | `account_state.hash` has three roles (initial / interim / final) | -| 7.20 | Speed up panic tests via `cyclic_base_proof` short-circuit | diff --git a/program-plonky2/STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN.md b/program-plonky2/STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b749e5a..00000000 --- a/program-plonky2/STAGE_5D_NEXT_4_DESIGN.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,215 +0,0 @@ -> **STATUS — DONE / HISTORICAL — SUPERSEDED BY STAGE 5D-NEXT-5.** -> Stage 5d-next-4 was deferred per [`../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) §7.21 -> (two Plonky2 1.1.0 shape blockers). The work was completed under -> Stage 5d-next-5 (PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23)) -> using the **aggregator pattern (Option B below)**, not the -> originally-recommended Option A. See [`../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`](../MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md) §7.22 -> for the empirical resolution (`ConstantGate::new(2)` injection + -> `helper_degree = pad_bits + 1`). All 11 SPEC §13 negatives are now -> covered. This file is the design sketch preserved as the historical -> record. - -# Stage 5d-next-4 design — source-side verification for in-coins - -Read-only design document for the deferred 5d-next-4 work. Captures -the open architectural decisions and the scope of the remaining SPEC -§8 in-coins predicate so the next session can hit the ground running. - -## What's deferred - -Per SPEC §8 step 2 the in-coins loop's per-coin predicate is: - -``` -for (i, coin) in inputs.in_coins.iter().enumerate(): - cp := verify_proof(inputs.in_coin_proofs_public_values[i], vk) // recursive - assert vk == cp.vk - assert inputs.in_coins_inclusion_proofs[i].verify(coin.identifier, cp.output_coins_root) - mp := inputs.in_coin_proofs_history_proofs[i] - assert cp.output_coins_root == mp.commitment_out_coins_root - assert mp.verify_commitment(history_root) - assert mp.verify_previous_root(cp.commitment_history_root, history_root) - // (then SMT non-inclusion + insert + apply_coin — already wired in 5d) -``` - -Stage 5d shipped the **coin-history side** (non-inclusion + insert -into `coin_history_root`) and `apply_coin` (recipient + balance with -overflow). Stage 5d-next-4 owes the **source side**: per in-coin, -prove that the coin was *legitimately emitted* by another instance -of the same circuit and that the source's commitment is recorded in -the global history MMR. - -## Per-in-coin witnesses (8 × MAX_IN_COINS) - -- `source_proof: ProofWithPublicInputs` — the recursive - proof of the source's transition. Its public inputs are a - `ProofData` (4 hash fields = 16 elements). -- `source_inclusion_proof: InclusionProof` (256 siblings) — proves - `coin.identifier` is in `source.output_coins_root`. -- `source_cmp: CommitmentMerkleProofs` — full bundle (SMT + 2× MMR - proofs) proving `source.commitment` is in `history_root` and - `source.commitment_history_root` is a prefix of `history_root`. - -## In-circuit constraints per slot - -All masked by the slot's `active` bit (5d's pattern): - -1. **Recursive verify** of `source_proof` against `circuit.data.verifier_only` - (binds `vk == source.vk` — SPEC §8 `assert vk == cp.vk`). -2. Extract `source_output_coins_root` from - `source_proof.public_inputs[4..8]`, `source_commitment_history_root` - from `public_inputs[8..12]`. -3. **SMT inclusion** of `coin.identifier` in `source_output_coins_root` - via `source_inclusion_proof`. -4. SPEC §8 (c)/(d)/(e) on `source_cmp`: - - `coin.recipient` (= account.owner via 5d's apply_coin) does NOT - play here — the cmp's `commitment_account_state_hash` is the - SOURCE account's hash. So (c) becomes `cp.account_state_hash == - source_cmp.commitment_account_state_hash`. - - (d) commitment in history. - - (e) source's prev history is prefix of `history_root`. -5. `source_output_coins_root == source_cmp.commitment_out_coins_root` - — couples the inclusion-proof root to the commitment in history. - -## The hard architectural decision - -Plonky2 1.1.0's `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy::` -verifies **one** inner proof per call. The current `build_circuit` -makes a single call for the `prev_account` recursive proof. - -Stage 5d-next-4 needs `MAX_IN_COINS + 1 = 9` recursive verifies (one -for prev_account, one for each in-coin's source proof). Options: - -### Option A — N parallel cyclic-verify calls - -Call `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy::` N times -inside `build_circuit`. The `common_data_for_recursion_c` helper -must be updated to model N verify_proof calls in pass 3 so the -inner shape matches the outer. - -**Pros:** mirrors the existing pattern; straightforward to extend. -**Cons:** the outer circuit's gate count grows linearly with N (each -verify is ~10k gates per Plonky2 estimates). N=9 means ~90k gates, -INNER_PAD_BITS must rise to 17 (1 << 17 = 131_072). Proof time -scales roughly with degree_bits — at 17 each test could take 30+ -minutes wall clock. - -### Option B — recursive aggregator first - -Fold the N inner proofs into a single aggregated proof off-circuit, -then verify the aggregate. Plonky2 has primitives for this. The -outer circuit only verifies the aggregate. - -**Pros:** outer circuit stays compact; consistent shape. -**Cons:** requires designing the aggregator circuit; another -recursion layer with its own `circuit_digest`. The protocol becomes -two-layer: clients prove their per-account transition, then a -batcher proves "I verified N of these correctly". Architectural -shift. - -### Option C — sequential proof chain - -Have the user submit the N source proofs as a *chain*: each one -verifies the previous, building up a single aggregated proof at the -end. The outer circuit only verifies the head of the chain. - -**Pros:** outer circuit stays compact like Option B. -**Cons:** chain depth = N, so prove time is O(N). Bad UX for users -with many in-coins. Probably the worst option. - -### Recommendation - -**Option A** for the MVP if N=8 stays. Outer gets fat but proof -time is bounded (single proof). Option B becomes attractive if -MAX_IN_COINS grows beyond ~16. - -## `common_data_for_recursion_c` update for Option A - -The current 3-pass helper does one `verify_proof` per pass. For N -inner proofs in the outer, pass 3 needs N `verify_proof` calls: - -```rust -fn common_data_for_recursion_c() -> CommonCircuitData { - // Pass 1: empty seed. - let builder = CircuitBuilder::::new(...); - let data = builder.build::(); - - // Pass 2: verify seed once. - let mut builder = ...; - let proof = builder.add_virtual_proof_with_pis(&data.common); - let verifier_data = builder.add_virtual_verifier_data(...); - builder.verify_proof::(&proof, &verifier_data, &data.common); - let data = builder.build::(); - - // Pass 3: verify pass-2 shape N times + NoopGate pad to power of 2. - let mut builder = ...; - let verifier_data = builder.add_virtual_verifier_data(...); - for _ in 0..N_RECURSIVE_VERIFIES { - let proof = builder.add_virtual_proof_with_pis(&data.common); - builder.verify_proof::(&proof, &verifier_data, &data.common); - } - while builder.num_gates() < 1 << INNER_PAD_BITS { - builder.add_gate(NoopGate, vec![]); - } - builder.build::().common -} -``` - -`N_RECURSIVE_VERIFIES = MAX_IN_COINS + 1` = 9 for the current -MAX_IN_COINS. - -## Witness population - -Per slot the prover supplies the source proof object plus -inclusion/commitment proofs. The same `cmp` machinery from 5c+ is -reused. - -For inactive slots (`active = false`), the source proof slot can be -filled with `cyclic_base_proof` (a dummy), same as 5c+ does for the -prev account proof on Initial branch. - -## Test budget - -At N=9 recursive verifies + MAX_IN_COINS=8 + MAX_OUT_COINS=8 the -outer circuit reaches ~100k gates. INNER_PAD_BITS ≥ 17. Each test -build + prove will likely take 20-40 minutes wall. A full -cargo-test sweep with 25+ cyclic-recursion tests becomes -prohibitive. - -**Mitigation:** introduce a `lazy_static!` / `OnceLock`-cached -`StateTransitionCircuit` so the heavy build runs once per test -binary instead of per test. CircuitData isn't `Sync` out of the -box; wrap in `Mutex` or build lazily on first use. Tests then only -pay the prove cost (~5-10 min each at MAX_IN_COINS=8) instead of -build+prove. - -## Open question: source proof type - -The current `StateTransitionCircuit` IS the circuit that emits -proofs verifiable as in-coin source. So `source_proof: ProofWithPublicInputs` -naturally pairs with the same circuit. The only complication: -production deployments will need a way to bootstrap (the very first -proof has no prior in-coins). Stage 5b's Initial branch already -supports `condition = false` + dummy inner; the same mechanism -trivially supports `active = false` for every in-coin source slot. - -## File-level scope - -- `circuit/main.rs`: add `source_proofs: Vec>` - to `StateTransitionCircuit`; add `source_cmps: Vec` - and `source_inclusion_paths: Vec>`. Wire the - constraints inside the in-coin loop. Update `common_data_for_recursion_c` - to match the new shape. -- `circuit/smt.rs`, `circuit/mmr.rs`: unchanged. -- `merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, `merkle/merkle_mountain_range.rs`: unchanged. -- Tests: positive Init→Update chain with one real in-coin source proof - (~8-15 min build + 5-10 min prove each); negatives for SPEC §13 - items currently deferred. - -## Acceptance criteria - -- All 11 SPEC §13 negatives covered (currently 8 of 11). -- The remaining 3 are: (a) source-proof not in history, (b) coin - identifier not in source's `output_coins_root`, (c) wrong `vk` - on recursive source proof. -- `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 100` still passes. -- Test budget realistic — at most ~1 hour for the full suite. diff --git a/program-plonky2/STEP4_REVIEW.md b/program-plonky2/STEP4_REVIEW.md deleted file mode 100644 index 23981782..00000000 --- a/program-plonky2/STEP4_REVIEW.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -> **STATUS — DONE / HISTORICAL.** Step 4 + Step 5 both merged via PR -> [#17](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/17) on 2026-05-18. The -> N1–N6 findings below are either addressed in the final monolithic -> circuit (`circuit/main.rs`) or moot. This file is preserved as the -> audit record from commit `fa2532f`. No action items remain. - -# Step 4 Critical Review - -Independent review of the Step 4 gadget set (`4a`, `4b`, `4c`, `4c+`, -`4d`) at commit `fa2532f`. Read-only review — no code changes — to -avoid merge conflicts with the parallel Step 5 work. - -Reviewer scope: algorithmic correctness, off-circuit ↔ in-circuit -consistency, test coverage of the negative paths, code quality, doc -clarity. **Not** in scope: low-level Plonky2 gate-counting or -constraint-degree analysis (left to Plonky2 ecosystem benchmarks). - -This file should be folded into `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7 (Lessons -Learned) at the end of Step 5, or deleted if all findings end up -mooted by the monolithic circuit work. - ---- - -## TL;DR - -**Step 4 is sound.** **Zero bugs.** Zero must-fix items. All findings -below are *nice-to-have improvements* that can wait until Step 5 -merges or even later — none block forward progress. - -72/72 tests pass at 100% line / function / region coverage. The new -`verify_smt_insert` (commit `6cf949c`) is well-structured and unifies -Case A and Case B via the same `is_case_a` selector that already -exists in `verify_smt_non_inclusion`. - ---- - -## Classification - -This report distinguishes strictly between: - -- **🐛 BUG / MUST FIX NOW** — a real defect that produces wrong results, allows unsound proofs, prevents valid usage, or violates a project invariant. **Step 4 currently has zero of these.** -- **💡 NICE TO HAVE** — improvements that would make the code easier to read, less brittle to future changes, or close edge cases that aren't reached in practice. **All findings below fall here.** - -If anything moves from the second category to the first, this report -must be updated. - ---- - -## 🐛 Bugs / Must Fix Now - -**None.** Algorithmic correctness, off-circuit ↔ in-circuit -consistency, negative-test coverage, and the 100% gate all pass. - ---- - -## 💡 Nice to Have (none block Step 5) - -### N1 — `verify_smt_insert` cannot handle divergence at bit 255 (the LSB) - -**Where:** `program-plonky2/src/circuit/smt.rs`, line ~245 -(`key_bits.len() > combined_len` assertion). - -**Observation:** the assertion requires `key_bits.len() > path.len() + extension.len()` because the gadget always reads `key_bits[combined_len]` (the divergence bit) regardless of which case is active. For full-256-bit keys, `combined_len ≤ 255` must hold. - -If two keys differ only at the very last bit (bit 255), `combined_len = 256` and the assertion fires at circuit-build time. The SMT supports this configuration in principle; no test currently exercises it. - -**Why not a bug:** the assertion is a *build-time check*, not a runtime soundness issue. If a prover attempted this configuration the circuit would refuse to build, not produce a wrong proof. The configuration is exotic (probability ~2^-255 for random keys) and not reached by any test. - -**If you want to address it:** either (a) document the constraint explicitly in the gadget's rustdoc as "supports divergence at bits 0..254" (cheap, recommended), or (b) restructure so `key_bits[combined_len]` is only read when `is_case_a == 0` and relax the assertion for Case A. - -### N2 — `case_b_extension` is a test-only helper; production host (Step 7) will need it too - -**Where:** `program-plonky2/src/circuit/smt.rs`, ~line 676 (inside `#[cfg(test)] mod tests`). - -**Observation:** the helper that mirrors the off-circuit `NonInclusionProof::insert` padding loop and produces the `extension` siblings vector is currently inside the test module. The monolithic circuit (Step 5) and the eventual node prover wiring (Step 7) will need exactly this logic on the host side. - -**Why not a bug:** tests pass. The helper is local to the test module by design; nothing depends on it externally yet. - -**If you want to address it:** when Step 5 or Step 7 needs it, expose `NonInclusionProof::insert_extension_siblings()` (or a free function in the merkle module) and have the test helper delegate to it. Cover the new method by the existing 100% gate. - -### N3 — Old-root walk and new-root walk use different bit sources (documentation clarity) - -**Where:** `program-plonky2/src/circuit/smt.rs`, the old-root walk loop (~line 278) uses `other_key_bits`; the new-root walk (~line 327) uses `key_bits`. - -**Observation:** This is **correct** — above the divergence level the two keys share bits, so either source works for the old-root walk. But the code as written is hard to follow without that justification. - -**Why not a bug:** algorithm is right; only the rationale is implicit. - -**If you want to address it:** a 2–3 line comment immediately above the old-root walk explaining why `other_key_bits` is used (any walk above divergence is bit-equivalent for both keys; choosing `other_key_bits` matches the off-circuit `NonInclusionProof::verify` for symmetry with `verify_smt_non_inclusion`). - -### N4 — `verify_smt_insert` is the constraint-heaviest gadget; expect Step 5 throughput hit - -**Where:** `program-plonky2/src/circuit/smt.rs` insert tests (especially `smt_insert_case_b_deep_divergence` with `combined_len ≈ 248`). - -**Observation:** Each level adds 4 `select` gates + 1 Poseidon two-to-one + ordering bookkeeping. At `combined_len = 248` the gadget instantiates close to 1000 constraints for the new-root walk plus an equivalent for the old-root walk. The monolithic circuit (Step 5) will instantiate this gadget for *every* in-coin's `coin_history` insertion and for every output-coins-tree insertion — with `MAX_IN_COINS = 8`, that's potentially 9 deep-divergence inserts in one proof. - -**Why not a bug:** Step 4c+ on its own is fine. The concern is downstream throughput for Step 5. - -**If you want to address it:** measure actual Plonky2 constraint count and prove-time impact during Step 5's first end-to-end. If the M3-Ultra performance budget (warm proof ≤ 5 s) is missed, the R2 risk-register knobs apply (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, drop in-coin recursion, switch to folding). Not a defect of Step 4c+. - -### N5 — `verify_smt_insert` name reads ambiguously - -**Where:** Public function name at line 224. - -**Observation:** The name reads as "verify that an SMT insert happened". The actual semantic is "verify the (key, value, old_root, new_root) tuple represents a valid non-inclusion-and-insert transition". A name like `verify_smt_non_inclusion_and_insert` would be more consistent with `verify_smt_non_inclusion`. - -**Why not a bug:** function does the right thing. - -**If you want to address it:** leave the name as-is for v1 (renaming a public API after Step 5 callers exist is churn). Add 1–2 lines of rustdoc clarifying the semantic. - -### N6 — `ProgramInputs` is declared but no gadget consumes it yet - -**Where:** `program-plonky2/src/inputs.rs`, the `ProgramInputs` struct. - -**Observation:** `ProgramInputs` is fully defined and tested off-circuit. No gadget reads it yet because no monolithic circuit exists yet — that's Step 5. - -**Why not a bug:** by design. Off-circuit tests cover `verify_commitment` and `verify_previous_root`, so the 100% coverage gate still passes. - -**If you want to address it:** nothing now. Step 5 will introduce a `ProgramInputsTarget` and a host helper to set witnesses from a `ProgramInputs`. Just track the dependency. - ---- - -## Per-gadget checklist - -| Gadget | Algorithm | Tests | Negatives | Docs | Coverage | -| ------ | --------- | ----- | --------- | ---- | -------- | -| 4a `verify_mmr_inclusion` + `*_with_index` | ✅ LSB-first bit indexing, matches `MMRProof::verify` | 5 positive | tampered root | clear | 100% | -| 4b `verify_smt_inclusion` | ✅ MSB-first via `key_bits_msb_first` | 4 positive (incl. growing tree) | tampered leaf, length-mismatch panic | clear | 100% | -| 4c `verify_smt_non_inclusion` | ✅ unified Case A / Case B via `is_case_a` selector | 3 positive | wrong default in Case A, length-mismatch panic | clear | 100% | -| 4c+ `verify_smt_insert` | ✅ extends 4c by adding new-root computation; same `is_case_a` selector | 3 positive (Case A, Case B shallow, Case B deep) | tampered new-value, tampered new-root, Case-A invariant, two build-time assertions | mostly clear (see M3) | 100% | -| 4d `ProgramInputs` + `CommitmentMerkleProofs` | ✅ off-circuit only; mirrors SP1 protocol shape | 4 tests including e2e SMT+MMR roundtrip | none directly (uncovered code is the unused circuit-side; tracked as M6) | clear | 100% | - ---- - -## Conclusion - -Step 4 is **professional and consistent** and meets the MVP definition -(minimal feature surface + 100% coverage). **No bugs, no must-fix -items.** All findings are nice-to-haves to consider after Step 5 lands. - -The implementation work is ready to be composed into the monolithic -state-transition circuit. - -Once Step 5 merges, the recommended (optional) follow-ups are: -1. N2: surface the host-side extension-siblings helper as a public method when Step 7 needs it. -2. N3: add the 2–3 line explanatory comment above the old-root walk. -3. N1: pick documentation vs. relaxation for the bit-255 edge case. -4. N4: measure actual constraint count and prove-time during Step 5's first e2e; act on R2 only if the budget is missed. -5. Move this file's findings into `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7 (Lessons Learned) and delete this file. diff --git a/program-plonky2/STEP7_PREP.md b/program-plonky2/STEP7_PREP.md deleted file mode 100644 index ceb1c1fd..00000000 --- a/program-plonky2/STEP7_PREP.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,251 +0,0 @@ -# Step 7 Prep — SP1 → Plonky2 Node Cutover Inventory - -> **✅ STATUS — Step 7 is DONE.** This file is kept as the historical -> planning record. The actual cutover landed across commits `00adbb4` -> (workspace + node imports), `c71c9fc` (send_coins wired to the -> Plonky2 Prover, **off-circuit source-side validation as a -> placeholder while Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2 was deferred**), -> `dac0179` (Dockerfile), `d6a3cb9` (inline error-path tests), the -> test-fixtures port that re-enabled `account_node_tests.rs` + -> `router_tests.rs` (proof.public_values → proof.public_inputs -> bridge + `[u8;32]` → `HashOut` casts), and the **Step-7 -> follow-up that switched `send_coins` to in-circuit source-side -> validation** via `prove_*_and_sources` (Stage 5d-next-5 Phase 2b -> from PR [#23](https://github.com/zk-coins/node/pull/23); the -> off-circuit pre-check loop is retained as defense-in-depth fast- -> fail before the prove). See [`../ROADMAP.md`](../ROADMAP.md) "Done" -> section for the full per-commit timeline. -> -> The "Semantic mismatches that the original inventory missed" -> section below remains useful as a record of what the cutover -> actually surfaced (the original inventory underestimated four -> items — HashDigest type shift, proof.public_values vs -> public_inputs, ProgramInputsBuilder absence, Prover method -> renames). Future migrations can read it for the lesson on -> "mechanical renames" turning out non-mechanical. - ---- - -Read-only inventory of every place in the existing SP1-era node code -that must change for **Step 7** (replace SP1 with Plonky2; no Cargo -feature flag, no dual backend, no migration — see -[`../CONTRIBUTING.md`](../CONTRIBUTING.md) § "Working on the Plonky2 -Migration" / closed-test-env invariant). - -Produced alongside the parallel Step 5 (monolithic circuit) work to -avoid editing files Step 5 is also touching. - ---- - -## Strict classification - -| Tag | Meaning | -| --- | --- | -| 🔧 mechanical | Pure import swap or rename; no design decision. | -| 🧩 layout-dependent | Touches `ProofData` / proof-bytes layout — must align with whatever Step 5 commits as the canonical field-element serialisation. Can't be finalised until Step 5 lands. | -| 🛠 new work | Adds something that doesn't exist yet in `program-plonky2/`. Real engineering, not just a rename. | -| ⚙ decision | Requires a design call that isn't pre-determined by the ROADMAP. | - ---- - -## File-by-file inventory - -### 1. `node/src/account_node.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L9–16 | `use zkcoins_program::…;` (merkle types, `AccountState`, `Coin`, `CoinTemplate`, `CommitmentMerkleProofs`, `ProgramInputsBuilder`, `ProofData`, `ProofType`, `calculate_coin_identifier`) | `use zkcoins_program_plonky2::…;` (same items; `ProgramInputsBuilder` may not exist in the same form — Step 5 will introduce its target/witness equivalent) | 🔧 + ⚙ | -| L17 | `use zkcoins_prover::{Proof, Prover};` | `use zkcoins_prover_plonky2::{Proof, Prover};` (Step 6 creates this crate) | 🔧 | -| L132 | `coin_proof.proof.public_values.clone().read::()` (SP1 stdin replay) | `coin_proof.proof.public_inputs_as_proof_data()` or direct field-element deserialise (Step 5 fixes the format) | 🧩 | -| L201 | `previous_proof.public_values.read::()` | Same as L132 | 🧩 | -| L379–380 | `bincode::deserialize::(&proof.public_values.to_vec())` | Same as L132 (no `to_vec` round trip needed if `ProofData` is already a field-element struct) | 🧩 | - -### 2. `node/src/router.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L20 | `use zkcoins_prover::Proof;` | `use zkcoins_prover_plonky2::Proof;` | 🔧 | -| L15 | `use shared::{Invoice, ProofData};` | unchanged — `ProofData` stays in `shared`, but its underlying definition (re-exported from `zkcoins_program_plonky2`) changes | 🧩 (downstream of `shared/`) | -| L172, L190, L341 | `bincode::serialize/deserialize` of `CoinProof` (which contains `Proof`) | mostly unchanged — `CoinProof` is opaque-bytes serialised; only fails if the new `Proof` type isn't `serde::Serialize` | 🧩 | -| L431–432 | `bincode::deserialize::(&coin_proofs[0].proof.public_values.to_vec())` | aligns with L132 of `account_node.rs` — once Step 5 ships the canonical `ProofData::from_proof(&Proof)`, this becomes a one-liner | 🧩 | -| L44–49 | SHA256 over Schnorr message | unchanged — that's BIP-340, stays | — | - -### 3. `node/src/state.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L8–10 | `use zkcoins_program::merkle::merkle_mountain_range::{MMRProof, MerkleMountainRange};` + `…::sparse_merkle_tree::{load_merkle_tree, save_merkle_tree, InclusionProof, SparseMerkleTree};` | `use zkcoins_program_plonky2::merkle::…;` — **but `load_merkle_tree`/`save_merkle_tree` do not exist yet in `program-plonky2`** | 🔧 + 🛠 | -| L12 | `use zkcoins_program::merkle::{HashDigest, ZERO_HASH};` | `use zkcoins_program_plonky2::hash::{HashDigest, ZERO_HASH};` | 🔧 | -| L66–71 | SHA256 hashing of `(smt_root \|\| prev_mmr_root)` for the MMR leaf | **Decision pending**: switch to `hash_concat` (Poseidon) for consistency with the rest of the in-circuit world, OR keep SHA256 for cross-chain readability. The MMR leaves are not in-circuit yet, but they will be once Step 5's monolithic circuit reads `commitment_history_root` from a witness chain. Aligning the off-circuit MMR leaf hash with the in-circuit one means this MUST be Poseidon. | ⚙ → 🔧 once decided | - -### 4. `node/src/scanner.rs` - -No SP1 references. **Zero changes** unless Step 5 changes the on-chain commitment format (it doesn't per the architectural invariant — Taproot inscription `4242` prefix stays). - -### 5. `node/src/main.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L22–26 | State-file path constants | unchanged | — | -| L90–91 | `State::load_from_files(SMT_PATH, MMR_PATH)` | unchanged signature; depends on persistence helpers existing in `program-plonky2` (see file 3) | 🛠 downstream | -| L200 | `state.save_to_files(SMT_PATH, MMR_PATH)` | same | 🛠 downstream | - -### 6. `node/src/publisher.rs` - -No SP1 references. **Zero changes.** Taproot inscription publishing is hash-agnostic. - -### 7. `node/Cargo.toml` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L17–18 | `zkcoins-prover = { path = "../script/" }` and `zkcoins-program = { path = "../program/" }` | `zkcoins-prover = { path = "../script-plonky2/" }` and `zkcoins-program = { path = "../program-plonky2/" }` (renames optional — could keep the dep names and just repoint paths) | 🔧 | - -### 8. `shared/src/lib.rs` and `shared/src/commitment.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| `lib.rs` L13–14 | `use zkcoins_program::…;` | `use zkcoins_program_plonky2::…;` | 🔧 | -| `lib.rs` L19 | `pub use zkcoins_program::ProofData;` | `pub use zkcoins_program_plonky2::ProofData;` | 🔧 | -| `commitment.rs` L7 | `use zkcoins_program::merkle::HashDigest;` | `use zkcoins_program_plonky2::hash::HashDigest;` | 🔧 | -| `commitment.rs` SHA256 usage | BIP-340 Schnorr message | unchanged | — | - -### 9. `script/src/lib.rs` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| Entire file | SP1 prover wrapper (`EnvProver`, `SP1Stdin`, `SP1ProvingKey`, …) | **DELETE the file's contents** once Step 6 ships `script-plonky2`. Two options: (a) delete the `script/` crate from workspace entirely, (b) replace its contents with a re-export of `zkcoins_prover_plonky2` for one PR's worth of churn-protection. Recommendation: (a). | ⚙ | - -### 10. Root `Cargo.toml` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L2–6 | `members = ["program", "script", "server", "shared"]` | `members = ["program-plonky2", "script-plonky2", "node", "shared"]` if going all-in. Alternative: keep `program` for the off-circuit types we still rely on (but they're already ported to `program-plonky2`, so this is dead). Recommendation: rename in one step. | 🔧 + ⚙ | -| L7–11 | `exclude = ["program-plonky2"]` (the nightly-toolchain workaround) | **remove the exclude** — `program-plonky2` becomes a workspace member. **But this means the whole workspace needs to support its nightly toolchain.** Two options: (i) move everything to nightly (probably safe since SP1 is being deleted), (ii) keep `program-plonky2` separate and have `node` depend on it via path-with-exclude trick. Recommendation: (i) — the SP1 reason for stable-1.81 is gone after this step. | ⚙ | -| L23 | `sp1-sdk = "4.0.0"` workspace dep | **delete** | 🔧 | -| L32–50 | 18× `[patch.crates-io]` SP1 patches | **delete** | 🔧 | - -### 11. Root `rust-toolchain` - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| L2 | `channel = "1.81.0"` | Two options: (i) `channel = "nightly-2025-04-15"` to match `program-plonky2/rust-toolchain.toml` and unify the workspace, (ii) keep stable for `node`/`shared` if they don't need nightly features. Recommendation: (i) once SP1 is gone, the stable-pin justification is gone too. | ⚙ | - -### 12. Test infrastructure - -| Where | Current | What it becomes | Tag | -| ----- | ------- | --------------- | --- | -| `.github/workflows/ci.yaml` | invokes `SP1_PROVER=mock cargo test`, `cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines …` | rewrite to drop `SP1_PROVER`, point at the new crates, keep the 100%-coverage gate (now applies to a different test surface) | 🔧 | -| `README.md` | extensive SP1 docs (proving strategy, `SP1_PROVER` table, etc.) | rewrite per Step 9; Step 7 itself can leave it for that step | — | -| Test fixtures that hard-code `SP1_PROVER=mock` | (multiple) | drop the env-var dependency entirely | 🔧 | - -### 13. State-file cutover checklist - -On cutover (after Step 7's image is built and ready to deploy): - -```bash -# On the DEV and PRD hosts: -sudo systemctl stop zkcoin-node -rm /var/lib/zkcoin/smt.bin /var/lib/zkcoin/mmr.bin /var/lib/zkcoin/mmr.bin.prev_root /var/lib/zkcoin/latest_block.bin -# accounts.bin — operator's call: delete to force fresh accounts, or keep with the caveat that all stored proofs are now invalid -# usernames.bin, minting_num_pubkeys.bin — fine to keep, no crypto dependency -# proofs/*.bin — delete; old proofs are SP1 format, useless to the new node -sudo systemctl start zkcoin-node -``` - -The state-file cleanup is part of the deploy runbook, not Step 7's -code changes. - ---- - -## Aggregate estimate - -**REVISED 2026-05-17 after an attempted mechanical cutover surfaced -substantial semantic mismatches beyond pure renames.** The original -"~45 min mechanical" estimate was too optimistic — see "Semantic -mismatches" below. - -| Category | Files affected | Effort | -| -------- | -------------- | ------ | -| 🔧 Mechanical renames / import swaps | account_node.rs, router.rs, state.rs (partial), shared/{lib.rs, commitment.rs}, node/Cargo.toml, root Cargo.toml | ~45 min | -| 🧩 `HashDigest` semantic shift — `[u8;32]` → `HashOut` (NOT just a type alias swap) | account_node.rs, state.rs, router.rs, router_tests.rs (~30 call sites), shared/commitment.rs (`get_account_state_hash` return type) | ~3–4 hours | -| 🧩 Proof public-input access — `proof.public_values` (SP1) → `proof.public_inputs` (Plonky2, different element type, different deserialisation) | account_node.rs (3 sites), router.rs (1 site) | ~1 hour | -| 🛠 `ProgramInputsBuilder` doesn't exist in Plonky2 — node's `send_coins` path needs a different shape (per-slot witnesses instead of batched builder) | account_node.rs (`send_coins`) | ~2–3 hours | -| 🛠 `Prover::create_account` / `update_account` signatures differ — Plonky2 wrapper uses `prove_initial_with_in_coins` / `prove_account_update_with_in_coins`. Node needs adapter | account_node.rs, router.rs | ~1 hour | -| 🛠 Persistence helpers (`save_merkle_tree` / `load_merkle_tree` / `save_mmr` / `load_mmr`) | **DONE** in commit `b76bd39` | ✅ | -| ⚙ Workspace toolchain unification: stable→nightly (entire workspace) | root rust-toolchain, all member Cargo.toml | ~1 hour to migrate + verify shared/node build on nightly | -| ⚙ MMR leaf hash decision — SHA256 vs Poseidon | state.rs (L66–71) | confirmed Poseidon per arch invariant; ~30 min implement | -| ⚙ `script/` crate deletion | repo cleanup | ~15 min | -| Test infrastructure: ~25 `hex::encode(MINTING_ADDRESS)` calls now need `digest_to_bytes(&MINTING_ADDRESS)` first | router_tests.rs, account_node_tests.rs | ~1 hour | -| State file cleanup | runbook only, not code | trivial | - -**REVISED Step 7 estimate: 2 days full-time.** The 🛠 persistence -helpers are now done, but the 🧩 semantic shifts in HashDigest + -proof public-inputs + ProgramInputsBuilder absence are larger than -the original "45 min mechanical" assumption. - -## Semantic mismatches that the original inventory missed - -Discovered during the 2026-05-17 attempted cutover (subsequently -reverted to keep the repo buildable): - -1. **`HashDigest = [u8; 32]` (SP1) vs `HashDigest = HashOut` (Plonky2):** - the alias name is the same, but the underlying type is different - (4 × `GoldilocksField` elements vs raw bytes). Implications: - - `hex::encode(MINTING_ADDRESS)` (used 25+ times in - `router_tests.rs`) needs `hex::encode(digest_to_bytes(&MINTING_ADDRESS))`. - - `HashOut::default()` for empty initialisation, not `[0u8; 32]`. - - `serialize().to_vec()` byte concatenation no longer applicable — - `hash_concat` returns `HashOut`, must `digest_to_bytes` before - adding to byte stream. - - `Sha256::update(some_hash)` requires `AsRef<[u8]>` — `HashOut` - doesn't impl that. -2. **`proof.public_values` (SP1) vs `proof.public_inputs` (Plonky2):** - field name AND element type differ. SP1 uses `SP1PublicValues` - (read/write byte stream); Plonky2 uses `Vec` of field elements. - `ProofData::from_field_elements` (already in program-plonky2) is - the bridge. -3. **`ProgramInputsBuilder` (SP1) has no Plonky2 analogue.** SP1 - batched all inputs into a single struct passed to the prover; the - Plonky2 monolithic circuit uses per-slot witnesses - (`InCoinSlotTargets`). The node's `send_coins` path must - restructure from "build inputs → call create/update" to - "construct in_coins tuples → call prove_initial_with_in_coins". -4. **`Prover::create_account` / `update_account`** are SP1-specific - method names; the Plonky2 wrapper uses - `prove_initial`/`prove_initial_with_in_coins` etc. Either rename - wrapper methods or rewrite node call sites. -5. **`HASH_SIZE` constant** (SP1: `pub const HASH_SIZE: usize = 32;`) - not present in program-plonky2. Add as `pub const HASH_SIZE: usize = 32;` - in `hash` module or update callers to literal `32` / - `core::mem::size_of::()`. - ---- - -## Dependencies on Step 5 - -The following Step 7 items become fully concrete only after Step 5 lands: - -1. **`ProofData` deserialisation API**: Step 5's monolithic circuit - defines the canonical public-input layout. Step 7 picks up - whatever shape that becomes; until then, the deserialisation - sites in `account_node.rs` (L132, L201, L379) and `router.rs` - (L431) are unknown shape. -2. **`ProgramInputsBuilder` equivalent**: SP1's builder for circuit - inputs has a Plonky2 analogue that Step 5 will introduce as a - target-set + a host-side witness setter. Step 7's `send_coins` - path uses this. -3. **Persistence helpers**: Step 7 should not block on these — they - can be implemented as part of Step 7 itself. - ---- - -## Open design decisions for Step 7 - -1. **MMR leaf hash off-circuit:** SHA256 (current) vs Poseidon. Argument for Poseidon: consistency with in-circuit, no boundary inside the MMR. Argument for SHA256: smaller dependency surface, matches the existing scanner. **Recommendation:** Poseidon — the architectural invariant is "Poseidon everywhere in Merkle structures". - -2. **`script/` crate fate:** keep as compat shim or delete? **Recommendation:** delete entirely. No external callers; the closed-test-env invariant says replace, not preserve. - -3. **Workspace toolchain unification:** keep `rust-toolchain` stable for the `node`/`shared` crates, or move everything to nightly to match `program-plonky2`? **Recommendation:** move everything to nightly (SP1's stable-pin reason is gone after this step), but verify nothing in `node`/`shared` breaks on nightly first. - -These three decisions are not blockers for starting Step 7 work — they -just need to be settled before the PR is opened for review. diff --git a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs index 828d182e..6c83c515 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs +++ b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/main.rs @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ //! Monolithic state-transition circuit for zkCoins (Plonky2 backend). //! //! Mirrors `program/src/main.rs` (the SP1 entrypoint), but built as a -//! Plonky2 cyclic-recursive circuit per [`SPEC.md`] §8 / §10 and the -//! `ROADMAP.md` Step 5 plan. +//! Plonky2 cyclic-recursive circuit per the protocol specification +//! §8 / §10 (). //! //! ## Stage status //! diff --git a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs index aaff3731..f92e1be4 100644 --- a/program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs +++ b/program-plonky2/src/circuit/mod.rs @@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ //! in this crate (see `hash`, `merkle`, `types`) and adds the //! constraints required to prove the same invariant in-circuit. The //! [`main`] module composes those gadgets into the monolithic -//! state-transition circuit per [`SPEC.md`] §8 and `ROADMAP.md` Step 5. +//! state-transition circuit per the protocol specification §8 +//! (). pub mod main; pub mod mmr; From 9d342c2bc3442d676f26c7ec95e6a2b7b858729e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 11:43:17 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 17/19] chore: remove Plonky3 migration content from staging (#217) The Plonky3 recursion spike, its migration write-ups, and its benchmark results were merged to staging only (PRs #211/#212/#214) and must not be promoted to develop. Remove them here so the next staging -> develop auto-promote carries no Plonky3-migration artifacts. Everything removed is archived verbatim in zk-coins/research. - delete the plonky3-recursion-spike crate (36 files) - delete MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md / _SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH / _SPIKE_RESULT - delete docs/migration/PLONKY3_*.md (5 files) - delete scripts/bench/results/plonky3-*.md (5 files) - restore the workspace Cargo.toml to develop's form (drop the now-unused `exclude = ["spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike"]`) --- Cargo.toml | 6 - MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md | 409 ------ MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md | 219 --- MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md | 444 ------- .../PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md | 415 ------ docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md | 570 -------- docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md | 364 ----- .../PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md | 122 -- .../migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md | 340 ----- ...-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 157 --- ...robe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 83 -- ...3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 67 - .../plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 44 - ...onky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md | 140 -- spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock | 1080 --------------- spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml | 80 -- .../src/goldilocks_rec.rs | 437 ------ spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs | 190 --- .../tests/probe_a_ivc.rs | 102 -- .../tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs | 612 --------- .../tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs | 1176 ----------------- .../tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs | 928 ------------- .../tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs | 1089 --------------- .../tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs | 1058 --------------- .../tests/probe_b_fanin.rs | 59 - .../tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs | 143 -- .../tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs | 102 -- .../tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs | 145 -- .../tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs | 101 -- .../tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs | 183 --- .../tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs | 119 -- .../probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs | 73 - .../tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs | 74 -- .../tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs | 96 -- .../tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs | 179 --- .../tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs | 75 -- .../tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs | 60 - .../tests/probe_o_soundness.rs | 125 -- .../tests/probe_p_serialization.rs | 67 - .../tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs | 196 --- .../tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs | 326 ----- .../tests/probe_r_cost.rs | 362 ----- .../tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs | 441 ------- .../tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs | 688 ---------- .../tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs | 493 ------- .../tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs | 374 ------ .../tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs | 849 ------------ .../tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs | 938 ------------- .../tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs | 466 ------- .../tests/probe_z_verifier.rs | 435 ------ 50 files changed, 17301 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md delete mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md delete mode 100644 MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md delete mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md delete mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md delete mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md delete mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md delete mode 100644 docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs delete mode 100644 spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml index 88e28a03..e8a81183 100644 --- a/Cargo.toml +++ b/Cargo.toml @@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ members = [ "node", "shared", ] -# Phase 0 Plonky3 recursion spike is its own workspace with heavy git-pinned -# Plonky3 dependencies (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5). Excluded so it is never built -# by the main `node`/`shared` CI; build it explicitly from its own directory. -exclude = [ - "spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike", -] resolver = "2" [workspace.dependencies] diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md deleted file mode 100644 index c2da14e0..00000000 --- a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,409 +0,0 @@ -# Migration Plan: Plonky2 → Plonky3 - -**Status:** proposed work plan — execution-ready task specification. -**Audience:** the engineer/agent executing the migration locally (Mac Studio M3 Ultra **or** M5 MacBook Pro, single host, no external CUDA). -**Authoritative companions:** `ROADMAP.md` §"Post-MVP Path: Plonky3", `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.11/§7.12/§7.14/§7.21/§7.22, `SPEC.md` (implementation-agnostic protocol spec). This document is the *how*; those are the *why*. - ---- - -## 0. How to use this document - -1. **Read §1–§3 fully before touching code.** They define what must NOT change and how to work. -2. **Phase 0 (§5) is a HARD GATE.** Do not start Phase 1+ until Phase 0 passes its acceptance criteria. If Phase 0 hits an upstream gap, **STOP and report** — do not patch upstream, do not work around it silently. -3. Work **one phase = one feature branch = one draft PR against `staging`** (see §3). Finish and merge a phase before starting the next, unless explicitly parallelizable (noted per phase). -4. Every task lists: **files**, **acceptance**, **local verification command**. A task is done only when its local command is green. -5. When a task says "port", it means: reproduce identical protocol semantics on the Plonky3 backend — not redesign. `SPEC.md` is frozen for this migration. - ---- - -## 1. Scope & non-negotiables - -### What this migration IS -A backend swap of the proving system from **Plonky2 (Poseidon-Goldilocks)** to **Plonky3**, preserving 100% of protocol semantics defined in `SPEC.md`. New crates `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` are built alongside the existing `program-plonky2` / `script-plonky2`, which are deleted only after parity is proven (§Phase 8). - -### What MUST NOT change (verify against these at every phase) -- **On-chain format.** Bitcoin stores only a Schnorr inscription with txid prefix `4242`. The proof system is invisible on-chain. No change to inscription encoding. -- **Schnorr boundary (`SPEC.md` §5.4).** Wallet signs `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))`. secp256k1 stays off-circuit. The ONLY thing that may change here is the *byte serialization* of `asth`/`ocr` digests if the field changes (see Phase 7) — and that requires a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump. -- **Protocol constants.** `MAX_IN_COINS = 8`, `MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, `TREE_DEPTH = 256`, ProofData public-input semantics. (Their *encoding* into field elements may change with the field; their *meaning* does not.) -- **Account/coin model, SMT/MMR structure, ProofData layout** as specified in `SPEC.md`. -- **The 121 circuit tests** in `program-plonky2/src/**` define the behavioral contract. Their Plonky3 equivalents must assert the same protocol facts. - -### Decision authority -Anything account-specific or protocol-visible: if unsure, it stays identical to `SPEC.md`. Implementation-internal choices (limb packing, gate selection, recursion topology): decide locally, document inline, do not escalate. - ---- - -## 2. Field & hash sequencing decision (READ — this shapes the whole plan) - -Two independent risk axes must be **decoupled**, both in the spike and in the real port: - -- **Axis A — recursion/API:** Plonky3's circuit + recursion model is fundamentally different from Plonky2's (AIR-based, external `p3-recursion` lib). This is the load-bearing risk. -- **Axis B — field/hash:** Goldilocks (64-bit, 4-element digest, D=2) → KoalaBear/BabyBear (31-bit, 8-element digest, D=4/5). Mechanical but pervasive (limb packing, digest width). - -**Mandated sequencing — do NOT collapse these:** - -1. **Phase 0 spike in Goldilocks.** `p3-recursion` supports Goldilocks (`p3-goldilocks` is in its deps). Proving recursion works in *the same field you have today* isolates Axis A from Axis B. If recursion fails even in Goldilocks, the field choice is irrelevant and the whole migration is upstream-blocked. -2. **Phases 1–6 port in Goldilocks-on-Plonky3.** Minimal-diff: same field, same digest width, Poseidon2 instead of Poseidon, Plonky3 API instead of Plonky2 API. Get all tests green here first. -3. **Phase 9 (separate, optional follow-up) field swap to KoalaBear/BabyBear.** Only after Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 is fully green. This is where the small-field/Poseidon2 perf win and any future GPU path live. It is a focused, well-bounded change at that point, not entangled with the API port. - -Rationale: every prior incident in `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7 came from entangling shape/field/recursion changes. Keep one variable moving at a time. - ---- - -## 3. Working rules (apply to EVERY PR in this migration) - -- **Language:** code, comments, commits, PR text in **English**. (Operator-facing chat may be German; the repo is English.) -- **No AI attribution** in commits or PRs (no footer, no `Co-Authored-By`). -- **Base branch: `staging`.** Per `CONTRIBUTING.md`: feature PRs target `staging`, never `develop`/`main` (both protected, auto-PR only). -- **All PRs are drafts** (`gh pr create --repo zk-coins/node --base staging --draft …`). Maintainer flips to ready. -- **Branch naming:** `feat/plonky3--` (e.g. `feat/plonky3-p0-recursion-spike`). -- **No force-push**, even on side branches. Fixes are new commits. -- **Local green before push — in this order** (mirrors CI; never push on a local red): - 1. `cargo fmt --all -- --check` - 2. `cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings` - 3. `cargo build --release` - 4. Tests for the touched crate(s) (see per-phase commands) -- **Per-PR review loop (3-subagent default):** implementer + quality-reviewer + logic-reviewer, loop until both report `PASS_CLEAN` AND PR CI is green; PR stays draft until then. -- **Coverage:** `develop` must stay 100% green. New Plonky3 code carries the same diff-coverage bar as the rest of the repo; the heavy gate runs `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release`. - ---- - -## 4. Pre-flight (one-time local setup) - -| Item | Command / value | -|---|---| -| Toolchain | nightly (pinned in `rust-toolchain`). `rustup toolchain install nightly` | -| Coverage tool | `cargo install cargo-llvm-cov cargo-nextest` | -| Postgres (node tests) | `docker run -d --name zkcoins-pg -e POSTGRES_USER=zkcoins -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=zkpw -e POSTGRES_DB=zkcoins -p 5433:5432 postgres:16` then `export DATABASE_URL=postgres://zkcoins:zkpw@127.0.0.1:5433/zkcoins` | -| Baseline | On a clean checkout of `staging`: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky2` → record pass count (expect 121) and wall time. This is the parity target. | -| Prove-time bench | `cargo run --release --bin probe_r2 -- --persist` → writes JSON under `scripts/bench/results/`. Record warm-prove p50 as the perf baseline. | - ---- - -## 5. Phase 0 — Recursion Feasibility Spike ⛔ HARD GATE - -**Goal:** prove that `p3-recursion` can express the three composition patterns zkCoins depends on, **in Goldilocks**, using trivial AIRs (a counter circuit) — NOT the real state-transition circuit. This de-risks the whole migration before any real porting cost is spent. - -**Crate:** new throwaway crate `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/` (excluded from the workspace's default members or added as a clearly-marked spike member). Not in the `program-plonky3` path. - -**Dependencies (git-pin — `p3-recursion` is NOT on crates.io):** -```toml -[dependencies] -p3-recursion = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -p3-uni-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -p3-batch-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -p3-goldilocks = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -p3-circuit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -p3-circuit-prover = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "" } -# Poseidon2 in-circuit: p3-poseidon2-circuit-air (same rev) -``` -Resolve `` to the current `main` HEAD of `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` and pin it. Record the rev in the PR description. Never use a floating `branch`. - -### The contract to reproduce (mapped from current code) - -| Pattern | Current Plonky2 implementation | `p3-recursion` candidate API | -|---|---|---| -| **A — IVC / cyclic with base case** | `main.rs::common_data_for_recursion_c` + `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` (single fixed-point, NoopGate pad to `1<<12`) | `prove_next_layer` chain + `into_recursion_input::()` | -| **B — fan-in-8, variable active count** | `source_aggregator.rs`: 8× `conditionally_verify_proof`, dummy via `cyclic_base_proof`, per-slot `active` bit, `total_aggregator_pis = 236` | `build_aggregation_layer_circuit` (2-to-1 tree, depth 3) **or** `p3-batch-stark` | -| **C — vk + PI binding across layers** | outer `connect_hashes`-binds aggregator's claimed st-vk to its own cyclic vk; 20-element ProofData PIs propagated | expose inner vk/commitment as constrained PI in outer | - -### Tasks - -**P0-T1 — Spike crate skeleton + dependency resolution.** -Files: `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}`. -Acceptance: crate compiles against the pinned `p3-recursion`; a trivial counter AIR (`next = cur + 1`) proves and verifies via `p3-uni-stark` over Goldilocks. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike base_air_round_trips`. - -**P0-T2 — Probe A (IVC/cyclic with base case).** -Build a 3-layer chain: layer 0 = base (no predecessor), layer 1 verifies layer 0, layer 2 verifies layer 1, carrying a constrained counter PI from the base. -PASS: layer-2 proof verifies; counter PI = 2 provably threaded from base; per-layer proof shape/time is constant (true IVC, no growth). -FAIL: shape grows per layer, OR no way to express a base case without a predecessor proof (this is the `_or_dummy` equivalent — its absence is a hard blocker). -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_a_ivc`. - -**P0-T3 — Probe B (fan-in-8, variable active count).** -Aggregate 8 leaf proofs into one, for k ∈ {0, 1, 8} real leaves with the rest padded/dummy; expose per-leaf PIs + an `active` bit. -PASS: aggregate verifies for all k; per-leaf PIs surface correctly; a fixed-shape padding mechanism exists (2-to-1 tree depth 3, or batch-stark with a validity flag). -FAIL: no "conditionally verify or dummy" primitive → variable count forces 8 real proofs (no padding), or batch-stark cannot verify N proofs of the *same* AIR with per-proof PIs. **This is the most likely blocker — probe it first after P0-T1.** -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_b_fanin`. - -**P0-T4 — Probe C (vk/PI binding across layers).** -Expose the inner proof's vk/commitment as a PI in the outer and constrain it; feed a deliberately wrong-vk inner proof. -PASS: wrong-vk proof is rejected by the outer; correct-vk accepted. -FAIL: inner vk is not reachable as a constrainable PI → no `connect_hashes` equivalent. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike probe_c_vk_binding`. - -**P0-T5 — Measure single-layer recursion cost on the local host.** -Record wall-clock prove time + peak RSS for one recursion layer (Probe A layer 1) on the executing machine (M3 Ultra and/or M5). -Acceptance: numbers written into the PR body and into `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike--.md`. -Why: directly informs the ≤5 s / ≤1 s warm-prove budget (`CONTRIBUTING.md` §hardware) and whether any GPU path is even needed. - -**P0-T6 — Go/No-Go memo.** -File: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (new). -Contents: per-probe `supported / blocked / workaround` with code pointers; measured prove time + RSS; for any FAIL, a linked upstream issue in `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` (search the 18 open issues first); a revised effort estimate for Phases 1–8; recommended field decision for Phase 9. - -### Phase 0 GATE criteria -- **GO:** Probes A, B, C all PASS (or have a documented in-repo workaround needing no upstream change). Proceed to Phase 1. -- **NO-GO (upstream-gated):** any probe blocked by a `p3-recursion` gap. STOP. Do not start Phase 1. File/link the upstream issue, set a re-check date, report to the operator. Do not patch or fork `p3-recursion` as part of this migration. - -> **Recorded Phase 0 result (2026-06-06, see `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`):** -> 🟢 **GO via Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting (carrier) tables.** An initial reading -> was NO-GO, but it was **scoped too narrowly**: it tested only primitive tables and -> `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (which surface `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`). The -> solution-space search (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`, 9 paths) surfaced that a -> **custom AIR with `num_public_values() > 0` DOES expose a soundly-bound per-instance value -> across a batch-recursion layer** (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev). Two probes -> confirm this empirically end-to-end: -> - **`probe_q_custom_public_value`** — a `PublicValueAir` (`num_public_values()=1`, first-row -> bind) surfaces its value across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`); value 42 -> verifies, 999 rejected. This is the per-instance value channel the earlier reading missed. -> - **`probe_r_carrier_chain`** — the chosen-direction construction proven end-to-end: a -> **depth-4 carrier-table IVC chain** where each layer is a real `prove_batch` `CarrierAir` -> proof carrying `[v_in, v_out]` (AIR enforces `v_out == v_in + 1`, both bound to committed -> trace cells), and each IVC link verifies BOTH adjacent carriers in one `CircuitBuilder` -> (`verify_batch_circuit` — their PVs surface as length-2 `air_public_targets`) and -> `connect`s `v_out(N) == v_in(N+1)`. POSITIVE: `V_3 == V_0 + 3`. NEGATIVE: wrong forwarded -> value → WitnessConflict (with a control that isolates the cause); wrong carrier bind → -> OodEvaluationMismatch. **Public-API-only — no fork.** It also dodges upstream issue #436 -> by avoiding the high-level `prove_next_layer` aggregation API. -> -> So `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain **is buildable** on this rev via -> carrier tables, and **Phases 4–5 can proceed.** Cost (`probe_r_cost`, `2^16`-row inner -> scale): the carrier threading + in-circuit two-proof verification add **no** measurable -> overhead on the bare recursion floor (base ≈271 ms/layer, link witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS -> ≈91 MB); the budget-gating cost remains the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit -> (Probe I's ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB class) — **within the ≤5 s warm budget** with ~1.8 s headroom, -> to be re-measured against the real Poseidon-heavy circuit early in Phase 5. -> **CHOSEN DIRECTION: Path 1+5** (rationale + alternatives in `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`; -> end-to-end proof: PR #214). **The port is authorized to start.** - -### Phase 0 abort/timebox -- Hard timebox: **5 working days.** This is a feasibility probe, not a port. -- Distinguish "holding it wrong" from "upstream gap": every FAIL must point to a concrete API location or an existing upstream issue. - ---- - -## 6. Phase 1 — New crate skeleton - -**Prereq: Phase 0 = GO. Phase 0 is GO via Path 1+5 (carrier tables, see below) — Phase 1 is authorized.** - -### 🟢 Phase 0 outcome — cross-layer state threading IS buildable via carrier tables → GO (Path 1+5) - -The cross-layer state channel was the open feasibility question. An initial reading was -NO-GO because it tested only **primitive tables and `CircuitBuilder` public inputs** (which -surface `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`). The solution-space search -(`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`) overturned that: a **custom AIR with -`num_public_values() > 0` exposes a soundly-bound per-instance value across a -batch-recursion layer** (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev). The construction is -a **carrier table**: a small custom AIR whose public values carry the threaded state, bound -to its committed trace cells, and re-verified in the next layer via `verify_batch_circuit`. -- **`probe_q_custom_public_value`** proves the channel exists: a `PublicValueAir`'s value - surfaces across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`), correct value accepted, - wrong value rejected. -- **`probe_r_carrier_chain`** proves the full construction end-to-end: a depth-4 carrier-table - IVC chain threading a counter `V_3 == V_0 + 3`; each link verifies both adjacent carriers - in-circuit and `connect`s the carry; wrong forwarded value and wrong carrier bind both - rejected (with a control isolating the cause). **Public-API-only, no fork**; dodges upstream - issue #436 by staying on the low-level `prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit` API. -- **`probe_r_cost`** (`2^16`-row inner scale): carrier threading adds no measurable overhead - on the bare recursion floor; per-transition cost stays within the ≤5 s warm budget - (~1.8 s headroom), gated by the link-circuit STARK-prove (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class). - -**Consequence:** `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain (and the -source-aggregator per-leaf surfacing) **is buildable** on this rev via carrier tables. The -binding primitives below (`probe_d_pi_threading`, `probe_e_active_masking`, -`probe_f_vk_binding`) compose with the carrier channel to build Phases 4–5. **Phase 1 is -authorized.** - -**Implementation direction for Phases 4–5 (Path 1+5):** model each `prev_account`/ProofData -state element as a carrier table public value, bind it to the committed state-transition -trace, and re-verify the predecessor carrier in each IVC layer via `verify_batch_circuit`, -`connect`ing the carry across layers exactly as `probe_r_carrier_chain` does. Full rationale -and the 8 alternatives considered (Sonobe/Nova folding, off-circuit continuity, zkVMs, -ProtoStar/Boojum/Lasso): `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`. End-to-end proof: PR #214. - -> **Pinned regression guards (still armed):** `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, -> `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, and `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` remain pinned (`= 0`) -> — they document that the *primitive-table* path does NOT carry state, so the port must use -> the carrier-table construction, not raw `CircuitBuilder` public inputs. If a future rev -> changes the primitive-table behavior these turn red and the carrier approach should be -> re-evaluated against the (then simpler) native path. - -The remainder of §6–§14 below is the authorized plan; Phases 4–5 follow the carrier-table -direction recorded above. - -**P1-T1 — Create `program-plonky3` crate.** -Files: `program-plonky3/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}`; add to workspace `members`. -Mirror `program-plonky2`'s module layout (`circuit/`, `merkle/`, `hash.rs`, `inputs.rs`, `types.rs`) as empty stubs. -Set the prelude: `F`, `C`, `D`, hash config — **Goldilocks + Poseidon2** (Plonky3), per §2 step 2. -Acceptance: a prelude smoke test (build trivial circuit, prove, verify) passes, mirroring `program-plonky2/src/lib.rs::prelude_round_trips_a_proof`. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prelude_round_trips_a_proof`. - -**P1-T2 — Create `prover-plonky3` crate.** -Files: `prover-plonky3/{Cargo.toml,src/lib.rs}` mirroring `script-plonky2` (subprocess `[[bin]]` boundary as documented in `script-plonky2/src/lib.rs`). -Acceptance: compiles; exposes the same prove-fn surface names as `script-plonky2` (initial / account_update / with_in_coins / …) as stubs returning `unimplemented!()`. -Verify: `cargo build -p zkcoins-prover-plonky3`. - ---- - -## 7. Phase 2 — Field elements, hash, packing primitives - -**P2-T1 — `types.rs` port.** -Port `HashDigest`, `Address`, `Amount`, `AssetId`, `AccountState`, `Coin`, `ProofData` to the Plonky3 field types. -Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 keeps the 4-element digest → minimal change vs `program-plonky2/src/types.rs`. -Acceptance: serialization round-trips byte-identically to the Plonky2 version for the same logical values (cross-check test against `program-plonky2`). -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 types::`. - -**P2-T2 — `hash.rs` port (Poseidon → Poseidon2).** -Port `hash_bytes`, `ZERO_HASH`, digest helpers to Poseidon2 over Goldilocks. -⚠️ `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.1: guard the Poseidon zero-state collision in SMT defaults — re-verify the same defense holds under Poseidon2. -Acceptance: known-answer tests for the hash; SMT default-leaf collision test ported and green. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 hash::`. - -**P2-T3 — `inputs.rs` port.** -Witness-input plumbing; align with Plonky3 witness generation. -Acceptance: input structs build the same logical witness as Plonky2. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 inputs::`. - ---- - -## 8. Phase 3 — Merkle gadgets - -**P3-T1 — Sparse Merkle Tree (`merkle/sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, 648 LOC).** -Port inclusion / non-inclusion / insert gadgets; keep `TREE_DEPTH = 256`. -⚠️ `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.2 (variable vs fixed depth), §7.14 (path-compressed SMTs incompatible with cyclic recursion — keep fixed-depth), §7.15 (`select_hash` masking). -Acceptance: all SMT tests ported and green; non-inclusion + insert positive/negative cases preserved. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 sparse_merkle_tree`. - -**P3-T2 — Merkle Mountain Range (`merkle/merkle_mountain_range.rs` + `circuit/mmr.rs`).** -Port MMR inclusion; ⚠️ §7.16 (`root_extended`/`extend_to` for fixed-depth verification). MMR is built off-circuit by the scanner — keep that boundary. -Acceptance: MMR tests ported and green. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 mmr`. - ---- - -## 9. Phase 4 — State-transition circuit (single-proof, no recursion yet) - -**P4-T1 — Port `circuit/main.rs` build path WITHOUT recursion** (3882 LOC; the non-recursive core first). -Reproduce: public-input layout (`N_PROOF_DATA_PUBLIC_INPUTS = 20`), in/out-coin slot logic (`MAX_IN_COINS`/`MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`), per-slot `active`-bit masking (§7.17), `account_state.hash` lifecycle (§7.19). -Explicitly EXCLUDE for now: `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, aggregator verification, `add_verifier_data_public_inputs`. -Acceptance: `prove_initial` (no in-coins, no recursion) proves and verifies; ProofData PIs match the Plonky2 layout semantically. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_initial`. - -**P4-T2 — Port the remaining non-recursive prove entrypoints.** -`prove_initial_with_in_coins`, `prove_initial_with_in_and_out_coins`, the `prove_account_update*` non-source variants. -Acceptance: each ported entrypoint's tests green. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_account_update`. - ---- - -## 10. Phase 5 — Recursion + aggregator (topology dictated by Phase 0 result) - -This phase implements the patterns proven feasible in Phase 0. The concrete API choices follow the Go/No-Go memo (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`). - -> ⚠️ **Phase-5 budget note (carrier-table direction).** A recursion layer over a real-sized -> (~2^16-gate) inner proof is ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB (`probe_i_cost_projection`) — a **single-layer -> lower bound** on an *arithmetic* toy circuit. `probe_r_cost` showed the carrier-table -> threading + in-circuit two-proof verification add **no measurable overhead** on that floor -> (base ≈271 ms/layer, link witness-gen ≈2 ms, RSS ≈91 MB), so the per-transition cost is -> gated by the link-circuit STARK-prove (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class) — within the ≤5 s warm -> budget with ~1.8 s headroom. BUT the real state-transition constraints are Poseidon-heavy -> (the Plonky2 base prove is already 4.35 s), and the synthetic carrier rows are lighter per -> row than the real circuit. So **measure warm-prove p50 against a minimal REAL-circuit + -> carrier prototype FIRST**, early in Phase 5, before porting the full aggregator. If it -> misses budget, apply design knobs (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, drop in-coin recursion, folding) -> — never external hardware (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.11`). A failed budget check there is a -> Phase-5 STOP trigger (escalate, per §16), not a silent overrun. - -**P5-T1 — Cyclic/IVC for `prev_account`.** -Replace `conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy` + `common_data_for_recursion_c` with the Phase-0-proven IVC construction (`p3-recursion` layer chain). Preserve the base-case (first transition, no predecessor). -✅ **Buildable via the carrier-table construction (§6 GO, Path 1+5).** Model `prev_account`/ProofData as carrier-table public values bound to the committed state-transition trace, and re-verify the predecessor carrier in each IVC layer via `verify_batch_circuit`, `connect`ing the carry across layers — exactly the depth-4 chain proven end-to-end in `probe_r_carrier_chain` (`V_3 == V_0+3`, sound negatives). The threading binding primitive (`probe_d_pi_threading`) composes with this carrier channel. Note: do NOT route state through primitive-table / raw `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (`probe_d_multilayer_carry`/`probe_h`/`probe_g` pin those to `[0,0,0]`) — the value must live on a custom public-value-emitting AIR. -Acceptance: a 2-transition account history proves and verifies; the cyclic vk binding holds; per-transition proof shape constant; the threaded `prev_account` value is provably carried across both transitions (carrier `connect`). -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 cyclic`. - -**P5-T2 — Source aggregator (fan-in-8).** -Port `source_aggregator.rs` semantics: bundle up to `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` source proofs, expose per-slot ProofData (20) + `active` bit, total PIs = `8·21 + 4 + cap`. Use the Phase-0-proven fan-in approach (2-to-1 tree, depth 3 — `probe_b_fanin`). -✅ **Buildable via carrier tables (§6 GO, Path 1+5).** Per-leaf ProofData does NOT auto-surface from a stock aggregation (`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`: aggregation output exposes 0 per-leaf values), so each slot's ProofData must be carried on a **carrier-table public value** and re-verified into the outer via `verify_batch_circuit` (same channel as P5-T1), then masked by the per-slot `active` bit (`probe_e_active_masking` proves the §7.17 masking primitive); padding (inactive slots = cheap real proofs) is unchanged from the Plonky2 design. -⚠️ §7.21/§7.22: the Plonky2 single-`_or_dummy` limitation and the lazy-verifier-data connect-back were Plonky2-specific. Re-derive the equivalent fixed-point/binding under `p3-recursion`; do not copy the Plonky2 workaround blindly. -Acceptance: aggregator smoke (all-inactive) + one-active-slot-with-real-source tests ported and green. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 aggregator`. - -**P5-T3 — Outer verifies aggregator + vk connect-back (Pattern C).** -Wire the outer state-transition to verify the aggregator proof once and bind the aggregator's claimed source-vk to the outer's own (Phase-0 Probe C construction). -Acceptance: a wrong-vk aggregator proof is rejected at outer verify; correct path proves end-to-end. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 prove_*_with_in_and_out_coins_and_sources`. - ---- - -## 11. Phase 6 — Prover wiring + node integration - -**P6-T1 — Implement `prover-plonky3` prove fns** (replace the Phase-1 stubs) calling the `program-plonky3` circuit. -Acceptance: subprocess prove boundary works; output `CoinProof` (bincode) deserializes node-side. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-prover-plonky3`. - -**P6-T2 — Rewire `node` to the Plonky3 prover** behind the existing call sites (`node/src/flow.rs`, `router.rs`, `account_node.rs`, `job_dispatcher.rs`). -Per `ROADMAP.md` R5: closed test environment → **replace, no dual-backend feature flag**. Delete the Plonky2 call path in this step (not a later cleanup). -Acceptance: node builds; all node tests green against the Plonky3 prover (needs Postgres, see §4). -Verify: `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features --show-missing-lines`. - -**P6-T3 — Proof-bytes storage note.** -`node/src/runtime.rs`/`db.rs`: proof blobs are large; the Plonky3 proof size differs. Verify storage assumptions still hold; adjust column/size comments only (no schema change unless a test fails). -Acceptance: persistence tests green. - ---- - -## 12. Phase 7 — Serialization boundary + SDK coordination - -Only relevant if the digest byte-encoding changes. In **Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 (Phases 1–8)** the 4×8-byte digest is unchanged → **no SDK change in this phase**. This phase becomes load-bearing only in Phase 9 (field swap). - -**P7-T1 — Assert Schnorr-message bytes are byte-identical** to the Plonky2 build for the same logical `(asth, ocr)`. -Acceptance: a cross-backend test confirms `SHA256(serialize(asth)‖serialize(ocr))` is identical → wallet signatures remain valid, no `zk-coins/sdk` change needed. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p shared commitment`. - -(If Phase 9 changes the field: open a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` PR bumping the `asth`/`ocr` serialization, merged in lockstep with the node change. Closed env, DEV+PRD only — no third-party integrators.) - ---- - -## 13. Phase 8 — Parity, coverage, bench, decommission Plonky2 - -**P8-T1 — Test parity.** Every behavioral assertion from the 121 `program-plonky2` tests has a green `program-plonky3` equivalent. -Verify: `cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3` (count ≥ Plonky2 baseline). - -**P8-T2 — Coverage gate.** Diff coverage meets the repo bar. -Verify: `cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --all-features --show-missing-lines`. - -**P8-T3 — Perf bench.** Re-run `probe_r2`; compare warm-prove p50 vs the Plonky2 baseline recorded in §4. Write `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2--.md`. -Acceptance: numbers recorded (a regression is acceptable to report, not to hide — Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 may not beat tuned Plonky2 until Phase 9's small-field swap). - -**P8-T4 — Decommission Plonky2.** Delete `program-plonky2/` and `script-plonky2/`; update `shared/Cargo.toml` dependency (`zkcoins-program` → `program-plonky3`); scrub stale references in docs (`SPEC.md`, `ROADMAP.md`, `CONTRIBUTING.md`, `README.md`). -Acceptance: workspace builds with no Plonky2 dependency; `grep -ri plonky2 --include=*.rs` returns nothing in source. -Verify: `cargo build --release && cargo nextest run`. - ---- - -## 14. Phase 9 — (optional, separate decision) field swap to KoalaBear / BabyBear - -Do NOT start until Phase 8 is merged and green. This is where the small-field + Poseidon2 perf win (and any future CUDA/GPU path) lives. Scoped follow-up: -- Swap `F` to KoalaBear (or BabyBear), `D` to 4/5, digest 4→8 elements. -- Rework `types.rs`/`hash.rs`/both Merkle modules for 8-element digests and new limb packing (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.4 canonical-reduction safety). -- Execute Phase 7's coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` serialization bump. -- Re-run Phases 7–8 acceptance. -Field choice (KoalaBear vs BabyBear vs Goldilocks-stay) is decided in the Phase-0 memo + Phase-8 bench, not here. - ---- - -## 15. Whole-migration acceptance - -- [ ] Phase 0 GO memo merged. -- [ ] All 121+ circuit behaviors green on Plonky3. -- [ ] All node/shared tests green on Plonky3 (Postgres-backed). -- [ ] Coverage gate green on `develop`. -- [ ] `probe_r2` bench recorded (Plonky3 vs Plonky2). -- [ ] No `plonky2` dependency remains in the workspace. -- [ ] On-chain inscription format unchanged; SDK signatures still valid (or SDK bumped in lockstep if Phase 9 ran). -- [ ] `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` foot-guns (§7.x) each re-checked under Plonky3 and noted. - -## 16. Stop / escalate - -- **Upstream gap in `p3-recursion`** (Phase 0 NO-GO, or a Phase-5 regression): STOP, link the upstream issue, report. Do not fork/patch upstream within this migration. -- **A protocol-visible change becomes necessary** (would alter `SPEC.md` semantics): STOP and escalate — out of scope for a backend swap. -- **Same reviewer objection unresolved after 2 attempts:** escalate to the operator. diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md deleted file mode 100644 index d7eb3f04..00000000 --- a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 Migration — Solution-Space Research (post-NO-GO) - -**Status:** 🟢 **The NO-GO is OVERTURNED.** The Phase-0 gate recorded NO-GO ("no -per-instance value channel across a batch-recursion layer"). That finding was **scoped -too narrowly** — it only tested the primitive tables (Const/Public/Alu) and -`CircuitBuilder` public inputs. **`probe_q_custom_public_value` empirically proves the -channel exists:** a custom AIR with `num_public_values() = 1` proved with `prove_batch` -and verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit` surfaces its public value as a -non-empty `air_public_target` (NOT `[0,0,0]`) and binds it soundly across the batch layer -(correct value accepted, wrong value rejected). This rides on upstream **PR #407 "feat: -support public values"** (merged 2026-03-19, **already in our pinned rev `524665d`**). - -**There are now two viable paths**, plus a fallback ladder. This document enumerates and -assesses all nine, with links, repo pointers, and the empirical evidence. -**Date:** 2026-06-06. **Companion to:** `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (the gate), -`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (the plan). - ---- - -## TL;DR — ranked - -| # | Path | Verdict | Effort | Risk | -|---|---|---|---|---| -| **1+5** | **Plonky3 + custom public-value-emitting tables** (stay on the chosen stack) | ✅ **viable — channel proven (Probe Q)** | medium (~400–650 LOC carrier table + IVC glue) | recursion lib unaudited; chaining + cost still to validate | -| **3** | **Folding / Sonobe (Nova/CycleFold)** — native IVC | ✅ **viable — `z_i→z_{i+1}` is the native primitive** | medium-high (port circuit to arkworks `FCircuit`) | experimental/unaudited; ≤5 s latency unproven | -| 2 | Upstream PR (self-authored) for an ergonomic "mark circuit PI as public output" API | ✅ plausible additive PR atop #407 | low-medium + review cycle | upstream cadence; needs-rfc | -| 7 | RISC Zero / OpenVM (zkVM, committed cross-segment state) | ✅ shipped but heavyweight | high (rewrite to guest) | prover wants GPU; ≤5 s on CPU optimistic | -| 4 | Hybrid: keep Plonky2 recursion, Plonky3 elsewhere | ⚠️ low-value | low | doesn't solve the migration goal | -| 6 | Protocol redesign (off-circuit continuity via trusted node) | ⚠️ possible, reduces soundness scope | medium | weakens the trust model; protocol-owner call | -| 8 | Fork + maintain Plonky3-recursion | ⚠️ excluded by §16; surfaced for completeness | medium + rebase burden | maintenance tax | -| 9 | Creative (Stwo/Cairo, Triton-VM, Halo2-accumulation) | ⚠️ paradigm rewrites | high | latency/maturity unproven | - -**Recommendation:** pursue **Path 1+5** (it keeps the chosen Plonky3 stack and the channel -is empirically proven) behind a small **carrier-table IVC-chain spike** (the immediate next -probe), while **benchmarking Path 3 (Sonobe)** in parallel as the architecturally-cleanest -IVC fallback. Plonky2 stays in production until one clears a latency gate. - ---- - -## The pivot: what Probe Q changes - -The gate's NO-GO rested on `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` when verifying an inner batch -proof. The narrow scope: that is the behavior of the **three primitive tables** and of -**`CircuitBuilder` public inputs** (which route to the committed *Public* table, never to -AIR public values). It is **not** the behavior of a **non-primitive / raw AIR that -declares `num_public_values() > 0`**: - -- Upstream `recursion/src/verifier/batch_stark.rs` builds `air_public_counts` from - `entry.public_values.len()` per non-primitive table, and `BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate` - allocates exactly that many circuit public inputs as `air_public_targets` - (`recursion/src/public_inputs.rs`). The recursive AIR's `public_values()[i]` resolves - straight to that target (`circuit/src/symbolic/targets.rs`). -- Soundness is framework-enforced: native `verify_batch` checks - `public_values.len() == num_public_values()`, and both the native and recursive - constraint folders bind the public value into the AIR constraints. Upstream's own - `test_batch_verifier_wrong_public_values` is a `#[should_panic(WitnessConflict)]`. -- **`probe_q_custom_public_value` reproduces this in our crate** (BabyBear, the exact - upstream pattern): `air_public_targets[0].len() == 1`, correct value verifies, wrong - value (999 vs the committed 42) is rejected. - -So the per-instance, cross-layer, **soundly-bound** value channel the IVC needs **exists -today on our pinned rev**. What remains is *construction*: emit the threaded -`prev_account`/ProofData digest as such a public value at each layer and read it at the -next — exactly the IVC contract Plonky2 cyclic recursion gives natively. - ---- - -## Path 1 + 5 — Plonky3 with custom public-value-emitting tables (RECOMMENDED) - -**Status: viable; the channel is empirically proven; the IVC chaining is a public-API -construction (no fork).** - -The construction (traced concretely through the public API — every type on the path is -`pub`/unsealed): -1. The state-transition circuit's threaded output (the `prev_account`/ProofData digest) is - emitted as an **AIR public value** — either a raw AIR (`probe_q` pattern) or a custom - non-primitive "carrier" table inside the p3-circuit verifier, registered via - `PcsRecursionBackend::non_primitive_provers`. Required public traits: `TableProver`, - `BatchAir` (4 builder impls), `NpoPreprocessor`/`NpoAirBuilder`, `PcsRecursionBackend`/ - `FriRecursionConfig`. `BatchTableInstance.public_values` and - `NonPrimitiveTableEntry.public_values` are public fields. -2. The next layer's `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit` reads those as `air_public_targets` - and `connect`s them to thread `V_{N+1} = f(V_N)` (the masking from `probe_e` and the - vk-binding from `probe_f` plug in here). -3. The uni-stark variant is the **lowest-risk start** — `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` - already exposes inner public inputs (proven end-to-end in `probe_d_pi_threading`). - -**Effort:** ~400–650 LOC for the carrier table + per-pattern IVC glue (Subagent code-trace -estimate). **Open items to validate before committing:** (a) chaining the carrier across -≥2 batch recursion layers (the next probe — Probe R); (b) the real warm-prove cost with -the carrier overhead (Probe I gave ≈3.2 s/bare-layer; the carrier adds a small table); -(c) upstream issue [#436](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/issues/436) -("Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2", closed without MRE) — validate our -chain does not hit it. **Risk:** the recursion lib is unaudited/pre-1.0 (pin a rev). - -Pointers: PR [#407](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/pull/407); upstream tests -`recursion/tests/preprocessing.rs::test_batch_verifier_with_public_values`; our -`probe_q_custom_public_value`, `probe_d_pi_threading`. - -## Path 2 — self-authored upstream PR (ergonomic API atop #407) - -A small additive feature: a `CircuitBuilder` API to mark a target as a public *output* -that the prover collects into the instance's `public_values`. The hard 80% (sound -cross-layer value binding) already merged in #407; this is a convenience bridge. Nobody has -proposed it. Plausible self-authored PR (with a `needs-rfc` cycle; maintainers Robin Salen -/ Thomas Coratger, active repo). **Not on the critical path** — Path 1+5 already works -without it; pursue only if the carrier-table ergonomics prove painful. - -## Path 3 — Folding / Sonobe (Nova/CycleFold) — the native IVC (STRONG ALTERNATIVE) - -Sonobe's `FCircuit` trait **is** the account-transition contract: -`generate_step_constraints(cs, i, z_i, external_inputs) -> z_{i+1}` — state threading and -"verify the previous proof" are folded into the IVC construction itself; you delete the -hand-built recursion plumbing. Pure Rust (arkworks), CPU-friendly (curve-based, no GPU, no -Goldilocks-FFT memory wall), Poseidon in-circuit, Schnorr stays off-circuit via -`external_inputs`. **Risks:** experimental/unaudited (audit in progress, Nova/CycleFold -only); SuperNova non-uniform IVC (distinct mint/send/commit transitions) not yet wired -([#144](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/issues/144)); **≤5 s -warm-prove for a 2^16 step is unverified** — a per-step latency spike is the hard gate. -Pointers: [sonobe](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe), -[FCircuit](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/blob/main/folding-schemes/src/frontend/mod.rs), -[docs](https://sonobe.pse.dev/). This is the cleanest architectural fit and the only option -where IVC state-threading is the *native* primitive rather than re-derived. - -**Folding sub-schemes (all inside Sonobe, same `FCircuit` state-threading contract):** -- **Nova / CycleFold** — most mature; the audit-in-progress targets these. Recommended entry point. -- **ProtoStar / ProtoGalaxy** ([eprint 2023/1106](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1106.pdf)) — - cheaper multi-instance folding (log field-ops + constant hashes recursive overhead); in - Sonobe but **less mature and NOT covered by the audit**. A perf upgrade to evaluate only - after Nova clears the latency gate; do not start here. -- **SuperNova** — non-uniform IVC (a distinct circuit per step → ideal if mint/send/commit - are separate transition relations) — **not yet wired in Sonobe** ([#144](https://github.com/privacy-scaling-explorations/sonobe/issues/144)); a gap to track if zkCoins needs per-op circuits. -- **Lasso** (a16z lookup argument) is a *component* (it powers Jolt, Path 7), not an IVC - framework — it does not by itself provide cross-layer state threading; no separate adoption path. - -## Path 4 — Hybrid (Plonky2 recursion + Plonky3 components) - -Keep Plonky2's working cyclic recursion; use Plonky3 only for non-recursive components. -Low-value: it doesn't achieve the migration's goal (move off maintenance-mode Plonky2 for -the recursion), and mixing two proof systems adds integration cost for no clear benefit. -Surfaced for completeness; not recommended. - -## Path 6 — Protocol redesign (off-circuit continuity via the trusted node) - -zkCoins is node-heavy with a trusted node (`feedback_zkcoins_server_heavy_architecture`). -`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.21/§7.22 already enforce one cross-proof property — "the in-coin -came from a valid prior transition" — **off-circuit** (the node only folds commitments of -validly-proved transitions into the history MMR). The same lever could enforce -`prev_account` continuity off-circuit: the node verifies each transition's proof and checks -`new.prev_account_hash == previous.account_state_hash` outside the circuit, rather than via -in-circuit cross-layer threading. **This sidesteps the recursion-threading problem -entirely** but **reduces the in-circuit soundness scope** (continuity becomes a -trusted-node invariant, not a ZK-enforced one) — a protocol-owner decision, and only -acceptable under the closed-test-env / single-trusted-node MVP assumption. Concrete sketch: -each transition is a standalone proof (no IVC chain); the node maintains the account-state -chain and the history MMR; in-circuit checks cover only the single transition's validity + -the SMT/MMR inclusion of the witnessed prior state. **This is the cheapest path that needs -no recursion threading at all** and aligns with the existing §7.22 MVP posture — worth the -operator's serious consideration alongside Path 1+5. - -## Path 7 — Other ZK systems (zkVMs) - -- **RISC Zero** — mature, audited; `journal` + `SystemState` + `env::verify` give committed - cross-continuation state (can model account-IVC). But Metal-GPU is default-on; CPU-only is - a deliberate, slow downgrade; ≤5 s for a 2^16-equivalent + recursive verify is optimistic. - Full rewrite to a RISC-V guest. [docs.rs/risc0-zkvm](https://docs.rs/risc0-zkvm/). -- **OpenVM** — cleanest explicit committed-state model (leaf verifier asserts boundary-state - consistency); newer, GPU-oriented. [whitepaper](https://openvm.dev/whitepaper.pdf). -- **SP1** — mature but GPU-leaning, and **zkCoins deliberately left SP1** ("no upstream - momentum for our needs") — do not return. -- **Jolt** — *architecturally avoids recursion* (wrong tool for verify-prev + thread-state). -- All zkVMs = large rewrite + heavier prover. A fallback if the account model is better - expressed as a program than a circuit; not preferred over Path 1+5 / Path 3. - -## Path 8 — Fork + maintain (excluded by §16, surfaced for the operator) - -No existing fork solves cross-layer PI. A fork would carry the Path-2 feature out-of-tree -against a fast-moving upstream (frequent rebases). **Pros:** full control, no upstream wait. -**Cons:** maintenance tax, diverges from a `needs-rfc` upstream that would likely accept the -feature anyway, explicitly excluded by `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. Inferior to Path 1+5 -(which needs no fork) and Path 2 (which upstreams it). Only if Path-2's API is needed before -upstream merges. - -## Path 9 — Creative / out-of-the-box - -- **Stwo / Cairo** (StarkWare, M31, **production-mature, on Starknet mainnet**): recursion - via the Cairo verifier; state threading expressed at the Cairo-program level. Large rewrite - to Cairo/AIR; latency unproven for ≤5 s. [s-two](https://starkware.co/blog/s-two-prover/). -- **Triton-VM** (Neptune): recursive STARK designed for fast recursive verification (ships a - constant-size chain-validation IVC); full recursion still roadmap; you inherit a VM. -- **Halo2 accumulation** (atomic/split): a genuine IVC mechanism, but found implementations - are research-grade (~300 s prover — far over budget); you'd re-build what Sonobe packages. -- **Binius64**: recursion unshipped + Intel-GFNI-centric (weak on Apple Silicon). -- **WHIR**: a PCS, not a stack — a future component, not adoptable as an IVC framework. -- **Boojum** (zkSync, [era-boojum](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-boojum)): a recursion-centric - **Goldilocks** STARK (Poseidon2 custom gate, FRI/Redshift) with a multi-layer aggregation tree - wrapped to Plonk+KZG — *same field family as our stack*, which is appealing. But it is a - **purpose-built EraVM proving pipeline** (15 fixed circuits), not a general account-IVC library; - state threading is internal to that pipeline and not exposed as a reusable `z_i→z_{i+1}` API. - Impractical to repurpose for a custom account model (heavy, EraVM-specific, CPU). Not recommended. - ---- - -## Recommended next steps (empirical) - -1. **Probe R (next):** chain a custom carrier table across ≥2 batch recursion layers — emit - a threaded counter as a public value from layer N, read+rethread it at layer N+1, assert - the value is carried end-to-end and a wrong forwarded value is rejected. This converts - Path 1+5 from "channel proven" to "IVC proven". Watch for upstream - [#436](https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion/issues/436). -2. **Cost:** measure warm-prove with the carrier overhead at real (2^16) scale. -3. **In parallel:** a Sonobe per-step latency spike (Path 3) — the ≤5 s gate decides whether - folding is the better long-term substrate. -4. Keep Plonky2 in production until one path clears latency + (for Path 3) maturity. - -The gate is **GO via Path 1+5** (channel empirically proven), with Path 3 as the -architecturally-cleanest alternative and Path 6 as the cheapest redesign — the operator -chooses among them. Probes D/G/H/J remain valid: they correctly bound the *high-level API / -stock-table* behavior; Probe Q identifies the supported construction they did not test. diff --git a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md b/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md deleted file mode 100644 index db16ecb4..00000000 --- a/MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,444 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 Recursion Feasibility Spike — Result (Phase 0 Go/No-Go) - -> 🟢 **SUPERSEDED — gate is GO (2026-06-06, later same day).** The NO-GO below was **scoped -> too narrowly** and is **overturned**. `probe_q_custom_public_value` proved a custom AIR -> with `num_public_values() > 0` surfaces a soundly-bound per-instance value across a batch -> layer (upstream PR #407, already in our pinned rev), and **`probe_r_carrier_chain` then -> threaded a counter end-to-end across a real depth-4 IVC chain** via that channel -> (`V_3 == V_0 + 3`; wrong forwarded value rejected; wrong carrier bind rejected). The -> `[0,0,0]` finding held only for the primitive tables / `CircuitBuilder` public inputs that -> probes D/G/H/J tested. **CHOSEN DIRECTION: Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting (carrier) -> tables** (stays in the Plonky3-STARK family, minimal delta from the Plonky2 IVC model, no -> protocol change). Rationale + 9-path analysis: **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`**; -> end-to-end proof: PR #214. **Cost (`probe_r_cost`):** the carrier threading + in-circuit -> two-proof verification adds **no** measurable overhead on top of the bare recursion floor — -> at the real `2^16`-row inner scale the base carrier `prove_batch` is ≈271 ms/layer and the -> IVC link's witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS ≈91 MB. The number that actually gates the ≤5 s warm -> budget is the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit (Probe I's ≈3.2 s class, ~1.8 s -> headroom) — **within budget**, not yet incurred in Probe R's witness-gen-only link. The -> probes below remain correct for the constructions they tested. - -## Fair Performance Comparison (Probe S, corrected by V/W) - -**RESOLVED (T/X/X′/U): a mixed verdict — big wins on cold-start/memory/mint, a wash-or-loss -on `/api/send`.** Probe S's first headline (4–61×) was ~5× too optimistic (degree-3 + zk-proxy; -corrected by V/W); the real single transition is 10–14× faster (T), but the 8-way source -aggregation dominates the full send and is NOT reducible by batching (X′) — so `/api/send` is a -wash (non-zk) / loss (zk), while mint is ~2× and cold-start 38.7×. The full picture is built up -below and summarised in `docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md`. Probes I/R measured a -*recursion overhead* in **Goldilocks** with **untuned (testing) FRI** — a -feasibility check, not a production-prover timing. **Probe S** -(`tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs`) measured a **BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK** under -tuned FRI, Poseidon2-Merkle MMCS, parallel DFT, confirmed **NEON packing** -(`PackedMontyField31Neon`, 18 threads). But Probe S used a **degree-3 S-box** and -a **blowup-2 zk-PROXY**, both of which understate the real production cost — -**Probes V and W measured the true cost of each, and the correction is large.** - -**Probe S (degree-3, zk-proxy) — OPTIMISTIC, superseded for the zk rows by Probe W:** - -| Workload | FRI | Plonky3 p50 | Speedup | -|---|---|---:|---:| -| hash-matched (~4500 hashes, 2^13 rows) | non-zk (blowup 1) | 71 ms | 61× | -| middle (2^15 rows) | non-zk | 303 ms | 14× | -| hash-saturated (2^16) | non-zk | 570 ms | 7.6× | -| *(zk rows used a blowup-2 proxy — see Probe W correction below)* | | | | - -**Probe V — degree-7 (the cryptographic S-box) costs 1.66–1.69× over degree-3** -(stable across sizes; at the low end of the 1.5–2.5× review estimate — confirmed, -not refuted). **Probe W — true `HidingFriPcs` (real ZK with random masking rows) -costs 2.9–3.0× over the blowup-2 proxy** — masking roughly TRIPLES prove time; the -proxy was NOT a "small additive term" and Probe S's zk rows were ~3× too fast. - -**Corrected production config (degree-7 + true HidingFriPcs + Keccak MMCS), -measured in Probe V/W vs Plonky2 4.35 s:** - -| Trace height | degree-7 + hiding p50 | vs Plonky2 4.35 s | -|---|---:|---:| -| 2^13 (hash-matched ~4500) | **1419 ms** | **3.07× faster** ✅ | -| 2^15 | 5910 ms | 0.74× (slower) ⚠️ | -| 2^16 (hash-saturated) | 12033 ms | 0.36× (much slower) 🔴 | - -**What it means:** the combined correction is ~1.67× (degree) × ~3× (hiding) ≈ **5×** -on Probe S's optimistic numbers. Plonky3 still wins decisively at the real -**hash count** (~2^13 height → 3.07× under full production crypto), but at a -hash-saturated 2^16-height trace the production config is SLOWER than Plonky2. The -real zkCoins circuit is a *batch* of a ~2^13-height hash table **plus** a ~2^16-height -non-hash table — so the net result depends on the real table mix, which **Probe T** -measures directly (degree-7 + HidingFriPcs, full multi-table). Until Probe T lands, -the honest statement is: **promising at the real hash count, not a guaranteed win at -full circuit size.** Methodology + caveats: -`scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`; -degree-7 = `probe_v_degree7_bench`, true-hiding = `probe_w_hiding_fri`. - -### Probe T resolution — the real circuit IS faster (V/W "2^16 slower" was hash-saturation) - -`probe_t_real_circuit_bench` resolves the pending verdict by modelling the REAL circuit's -*actual* cost mix under TRUE production crypto — a real multi-table `prove_batch` (which -**does** work with HidingFriPcs + mixed degree, an empirical finding) of a degree-7 Poseidon2 -hash table sized to ~4500 hashes (~175 ms standalone) **plus** a degree-3 arithmetic table for -the ~50k non-hash gates (those are real-circuit-faithfully degree 2–3: comparisons, range, -boolean, field-mul — the high-degree cost lives only in the hash S-box, correctly placed in -the hash table). Result vs Plonky2 **4.35 s warm**: - -| Non-hash table | constraints | warm p50 | net vs Plonky2 | RSS | -|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| 2^13 (realistic — already >50k gates) | 98 304 | **312 ms** | **13.95× faster** | 1.1 GB | -| 2^14 | 196 608 | 449 ms | 9.69× | 1.7 GB | -| 2^15 | 393 216 | 735 ms | 5.92× | 1.9 GB | -| 2^16 (inflated ceiling) | 786 432 | 1307 ms | 3.33× | 2.1 GB | - -Config/AIR build = **0.07 ms** (vs Plonky2's 8.2 s cold circuit-build — a ~10⁵× setup win). -**Why this differs from V/W's "2^16 = 12 s slower":** V/W ran the WHOLE 2^16-height trace as the -degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` (8 lanes → ~2^19 Poseidon perms — hash-SATURATED, ~115× the -real hash work). The real circuit has only ~4500 hashes (a ~1024-row table) plus a cheap -degree-3 arithmetic bulk — so V/W's 2^16 point was never the real circuit. **Honest -qualification:** Probe T is the **single state-transition** prove cost. The full populated -`/api/send` prove additionally verifies the predecessor proof in-circuit (IVC carrier) and the -up-to-8-way source aggregator — that recursion overhead is **Probe X**, and the end-to-end node -number is **Probe U**; both sit on TOP of these figures. Net so far: **the core transition is -~10–14× faster under true production crypto; the full-pipeline verdict follows X + U.** - -### Full-pipeline net verdict (Probes X / Y / Z / AA / U) — honest, mixed - -**Probe X (recursion/aggregation, 8 sources + 1 IVC, REAL in-circuit STARK-prove via the -low-level `prove_all_tables` path — #436 is NOT a blocker):** the in-circuit verification of -the 8-way source aggregator + IVC predecessor costs **4.0 s (non-zk) / 6.7 s (zk)** warm — it -**dominates** the prove (the single transition is ~7% of it). The recursion verifier is -hash-heavy (in-circuit FRI/Merkle), and hashing benefits far less from BabyBear's small field -than raw arithmetic does — so the per-transition win does NOT carry into recursion. - -**Composed `/api/send` (T+X+node-overhead, Probe U projection):** **~9.9 s non-zk (≈ wash vs -Plonky2's ~10 s) / ~12.6 s zk (slower).** With the real Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier -than the carrier proxy, so Probe X is a *lower bound*), the full send likely tips **slower**. -**`/api/mint`** (recursion-light, no 8-way aggregation) projects **~2× faster**. - -**The unambiguous wins:** **Probe Y cold-start = 38.7× faster** (372 ms vs Plonky2's 14.4 s — -Plonky3 has ~no circuit-build: 1.46 ms vs 8.2 s); **peak RSS** consistently **1–2 GB vs 3.9 GB**; -**Probe AA** 1000-prove soak shows **+2.7 % latency drift (stable), no memory leak**, RSS -plateaus. **Probe Z:** native verify 9.6 ms, proof **1.76 MB** (large — a STARK-size cost), -prove÷verify ≈ 33×; zkCoins verifies nothing on-chain (Schnorr-only, Doc 2), so verify cost is -node-side + per-recursion-layer. - -**Honest bottom line:** the migration is **not a uniform speed win**. It is a large win on -**cold-start, memory, mint, and operational stability**, a **wash-or-loss on the user-facing -`/api/send`** (recursion-dominated), at the cost of **larger proofs (1.76 MB)** and an SDK/field -change if BabyBear is chosen (Doc 2). **RECOVERY — APPLIED RESOLUTIONS (Probes AB–AE, `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`): MAX_IN_COINS stays 8 (UX regression rejected); the recommended config is N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI (q=48) → send-prove 1.93 s = 2.25× faster / e2e ~1.3× — the inner-FRI setting is a port-phase auditor gate (consistent with Plonky2-Goldilocks's 64-bit posture), not a research blocker. Field = BabyBear (KoalaBear ruled out, AD). Port = HOLD (research-only mandate). The wash holds only at the fully-unchanged q=100 config.** The batching lever is RESOLVED — Probe X′ -(`probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator`) ruled it out:** co-proving the 8 sources as one batch -would cut the aggregation **4.1×** (978 ms non-zk / 1664 ms zk — the theoretical floor), but -the protocol cannot retroactively batch sources proved by different prior transactions, and -for 8 INDEPENDENT proofs the API instantiates one full in-circuit FRI verifier each — measured -**1.00–1.01× vs Probe X, exactly flat**. So the only live send-side lever is **reducing -`MAX_IN_COINS`** (protocol-visible — operator decision), or future upstream recursion -improvements. Full numbers: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-{t,u}-*.md`; -X = `probe_x_aggregator_recursion`, X′ = `probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator`, -Y = `probe_y_cold_start`, Z = `probe_z_verifier`, AA = `probe_aa_sustained_load`. - -**Status (historical, superseded — see banner above):** 🛑 NO-GO for the migration *as -specified* (replicating zkCoins' cross-layer state IVC on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev), as -read before Probe Q/R. Probe J + an adversarial review -of all escape routes confirm that **neither Option 1 (AIR public values) nor Option 2 -(commit + hash re-bind) can thread a value across a batch-recursion layer** — there is -no per-instance value channel; only whole-trace Merkle-cap commitments are exposed, and -those cannot bind a chosen value without a fork or protocol redesign. The per-layer -commit+rebind *primitive* works (`probe_j_option2_rebind`), but it cannot **compose** -across the chain, so the `prev_account`/ProofData IVC carry is **structurally -unbuildable** here. The non-recursive parts (field/hash/Merkle/single state-transition) -remain portable, but the recursion contract — the heart of the architecture — does not. -See §"NO-GO finding" and §"Gate decision". - -> Earlier rounds read CONDITIONAL GO assuming Option 2 was viable; Probe J disproves -> that. This memo now records NO-GO with the escape routes that would reopen it. -**Date:** 2026-06-06. **Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB (single Apple-Silicon host, no CUDA). -**Companion to:** `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §5 (Phase 0). This memo is the Phase-0 gate -artifact required by P0-T6. - -## Pins probed - -| Repo | Rev | -|---|---| -| `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b` (HEAD 2026-06-06) | -| `Plonky3/Plonky3` | `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803` (the rev `Plonky3-recursion` is built against) | - -The Plonky3-main rev is **not** a free choice: `Plonky3-recursion`'s workspace pins -exactly this rev, and the recursion crates share types with it, so any other rev -yields two incompatible copies of the `p3-*` types. Use this exact pair. - -## Spike crate - -`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/` — its own workspace (edition 2024), `exclude`d -from the root zkcoins workspace so the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the -`node`/`shared` build or CI. Throwaway; deleted once the real port lands. - -Tests (all 33 green, `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`): - -| Test | Proves (real proving, ✅ = pos+neg asserted) | Result | -|---|---|---| -| `base_air_round_trips` (P0-T1) | counter AIR proves+verifies via p3-uni-stark / Goldilocks | ✅ | -| `probe_a_ivc` (P0-T2 crit. 1) | IVC structure (layer verifies predecessor) + constant-shape fixed point — does NOT itself thread a PI (that is crit. 2, below) | ✅ | -| `probe_b_fanin` (P0-T3) | 2-to-1 aggregation composes into a fixed-shape fan-in tree | ✅ | -| `probe_c_vk_binding` | inner-proof public-input binding (accept correct / reject mismatched) | ✅ | -| `probe_d_pi_threading` (P0-T2 crit. 2) | **cross-layer PI threading binding** — inner PI threaded to an outer carried value with an IVC relation; wrong value rejected | ✅ | -| `probe_d_multilayer_carry` | **the NO-GO finding** — batch proofs do NOT expose inner public inputs across a layer (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`) | ⚠️ pinned | -| `probe_e_active_masking` (P0-T3) | **variable-active-count masking** (§7.17) — 8 slots, active bit, `select`/`connect`; active-bit flip changes the verdict; real STARK proof | ✅ | -| `probe_f_vk_binding` (P0-T4) | **vk-equality connect-back** — wrong-vk inner proof (internally valid against its own vk) rejected by the binding; control confirms | ✅ | -| `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` | **Option 1 dead** — injecting a non-existent public input (`table_public_inputs`) is rejected; combined with `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, AIR-public-value threading is impossible | 🛑 pinned | -| `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` | **per-leaf PI passthrough dead** — a real 2-to-1 aggregation's leaf values are NOT exposed to the outer (`air_public_targets = 0`); integrated fan-in-8 blocked at the first hop | 🛑 pinned | -| `probe_i_cost_projection` | **cost at real scale** — recursion layer over a ≈2^16-gate inner proof: ≈3.2 s/layer, witness_count 44 912, ≈1.4 GB | 📊 | -| `probe_j_option2_rebind` | **Option 2 primitive works, cannot compose** — in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind binds `hash(V)`/rejects mismatches; but no committed digest is readable across a batch layer → multi-layer Option 2 impossible | 🛑 the NO-GO | -| `probe_l_multi_air` | **multi-AIR coexistence** — two different AIRs (state-transition-like + aggregator-like) co-verify in one circuit, PIs distinct + bound; cross-wiring rejected | ✅ | -| `probe_m_long_chain` | **long IVC chain (depth 50)** — fixed point holds CONSTANT (witness_count 107 957) to depth 50; every layer verifies; 232.8 s total (~4.66 s/layer), peak RSS ~1.39 GB (flat — no memory accumulation) | 📊 | -| `probe_n_concurrent` | **concurrent load** — 4 independent prove+recurse+verify workloads on threads all succeed; peak RSS ~1.38 GB | ✅ | -| `probe_o_soundness` | **soundness spot-check** — mismatched FRI private data (a different proof's Merkle paths) rejected; tampered public input rejected → the verifier is not vacuous | ✅ | -| `probe_p_serialization` | **proof serialization** — recursion proof bincode round-trips byte-stable (~363 KB) + still verifies; truncated blob rejected | ✅ | -| `probe_q_custom_public_value` | **overturns the NO-GO** — a custom AIR with `num_public_values()>0` surfaces a soundly-bound per-instance value across a batch layer (`air_public_targets[0].len()==1`); value 42 verifies, 999 rejected (BabyBear, upstream PR #407) | ✅ | -| `probe_r_carrier_chain` | **chosen direction, end-to-end** — depth-4 carrier-table IVC chain threads a counter `V_3 == V_0+3`; each link verifies both adjacent carriers in-circuit + `connect`s the carry; wrong forwarded value rejected (WitnessConflict, w/ control), wrong carrier bind rejected (OodEvaluationMismatch) | ✅ | -| `probe_r_cost` | **cost @ real scale** — carrier chain at `2^16`-row inner size: base ≈271 ms/layer, IVC-link witness-gen ≈2 ms, peak RSS ≈91 MB; per-transition floor ≈273 ms; budget-gating link STARK-prove ≈3.2 s class (within ≤5 s warm, ~1.8 s headroom) | ✅ | -| `probe_s_fair_bench` | **fair Plonky3-vs-Plonky2 prover speed** — BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK, tuned FRI, Poseidon2-MMCS, NEON packing: degree-3/zk-proxy headline (corrected by V/W below) (see §"Fair Performance Comparison") | ✅📊 | -| `probe_v_degree7_bench` | **degree-7 (cryptographic) S-box cost** — real degree-7÷degree-3 ratio = 1.66–1.69× (stable); confirms the review estimate | ✅📊 | -| `probe_w_hiding_fri` | **true HidingFriPcs vs zk-proxy** — real ZK masking costs 2.9–3.0× over the blowup-2 proxy; the Probe S zk-proxy was ~3× too fast | ✅📊 | -| `probe_t_real_circuit_bench` | **real-circuit cost estimate** — multi-table `prove_batch` (degree-7 hash + degree-3 arith + HidingFriPcs): single transition ~312 ms = 10–14× faster; build 0.07 ms | ✅📊 | -| `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | **recursion overhead, 8+1 fan-in** — real in-circuit STARK-prove 4.0 s (non-zk) / 6.7 s (zk); dominates the prove, ≈erases the per-transition win on `/api/send` (#436 not a blocker) | ✅📊 | -| `probe_y_cold_start` | **cold-start** — build+first-prove 372 ms vs Plonky2 14.4 s = 38.7× faster (no circuit-build step) | ✅📊 | -| `probe_z_verifier` | **verifier asymmetry** — verify 9.6 ms, proof 1.76 MB, prove÷verify ≈ 33×; tamper rejected | ✅📊 | -| `probe_aa_sustained_load` | **sustained-load soak** — 1000 proves / 5.43 min: +2.7 % latency drift (stable), RSS plateaus, no leak | ✅📊 | -| `probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator` | **batching lever resolved** — co-proved sources would cut aggregation 4.1× (978 ms/1664 ms floor) but is protocol-unreachable; 8 INDEPENDENT proofs = 1.00–1.01× vs Probe X (flat) → only live lever is MAX_IN_COINS | ✅📊 | -| `probe_ab_recursion_friendly` | **recursion levers** — cheaper-inner-FRI q48 = 2.4× (64-bit, `[VERIFY]`); Poseidon2-inner-MMCS already baseline (Keccak-inner unverifiable in-circuit); ZK-only-outer ≈ 0 | ✅📊 | -| `probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep` | **fan-in sweep 1/2/4/8** — aggregation ≈ 448 ms/coin + 350 ms base, near-linear; N=4 halves it (protocol lever, no soundness question) | ✅📊 | -| `probe_ad_koalabear` | **field comparison** — KoalaBear transition 1.26× faster BUT aggregation 2.1× SLOWER (20 vs 13 partial rounds) → stay BabyBear | ✅📊 | -| `probe_ae_best_config` | **composed best config** — N=4 + q48: send-prove **1.31 s = 3.32× faster** than Plonky2; e2e 6.91 s = 1.45×; conditional on 2 `[VERIFY]`s | ✅📊 | - -Each `✅` test asserts BOTH a positive (correct → accepted) and a negative -(tampered/wrong → rejected), and most add a CONTROL isolating the cause of the -rejection. Nothing is a mock; every rejection is a real `run()`/prove failure. - -## The single most important architectural finding - -**`p3-recursion`'s model is fundamentally different from Plonky2's, and the -migration plan must absorb that.** - -Plonky2 ships turnkey cyclic recursion (`conditionally_verify_cyclic_proof_or_dummy`, -`cyclic_base_proof`): one fixed-point circuit verifies a proof of *itself*, with a -boolean selecting base-vs-recursive, **and threads public inputs natively**. -`p3-recursion` has **none of that**. It is a **layered circuit-builder model**: - -- You build a `p3-circuit` verifier sub-circuit (`verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` / - `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit`), then prove *that* circuit with the batch-stark - prover. That proved verifier circuit is "the next layer". -- High-level `build_and_prove_next_layer` / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer` - (`recursion.rs:468,735`) wrap build+prove. -- **No** `_or_dummy` primitive, **no** conditional-verify gadget (exhaustive search). -- Aggregation is **strictly 2-to-1** (`recursion.rs:735`). -- **Public inputs are NOT auto-propagated across layers** (the NO-GO finding). - -## NO-GO finding — cross-layer state threading is structurally unbuildable 🛑 - -This is **the gate's pivot** and it is **protocol-touching** (it governs how zkCoins -threads `prev_account` / ProofData through the IVC chain). Earlier rounds narrowed the -construction to Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind); **Probe J + an adversarial review of -every escape route now show Option 2 cannot compose either** → the migration as -specified is NO-GO. - -**The binding primitives all work** (real proving): threading a value across a -*single* uni-stark verification boundary (`probe_d_pi_threading`), masking inactive -slots (`probe_e_active_masking`), and vk-equality binding (`probe_f_vk_binding`). - -**But cross-layer value passthrough is structurally absent** — confirmed three ways: -- `probe_d_multilayer_carry`: verifying an inner **batch** proof exposes - `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` — a `CircuitBuilder` circuit's public inputs live in - the committed Public *table*, never as AIR public values (`batch_stark_prover.rs` - pushes `public_storage.push(Vec::new())` for every primitive table). -- `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`: the only other Option-1 avenue — injecting a - non-empty `RecursionInput::BatchStark.table_public_inputs` — is **rejected** at - build/prove (you cannot claim a public input the proof does not structurally have). -- `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`: a **real** 2-to-1 aggregation's per-leaf values are - likewise not surfaced to the outer (`air_public_targets = 0`). So the integrated - fan-in-8 (per-leaf ProofData → outer → masked) is blocked at the first hop. - -**Why Option 2 also fails (`probe_j_option2_rebind` + adversarial review):** Option 2 -needs layer N to commit `hash(V)` and layer N+1 to READ that digest and re-bind it. The -per-layer commit+rebind *primitive* is real — `add_hash_slice` computes a Poseidon2 -digest in-circuit and `connect` binds it (`hash(V)==hash(V)` accepted, mismatches -rejected). **But layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest.** A batch proof -exposes only whole-trace Merkle-cap commitments (`proof_targets`), never a per-instance -value; the FRI openings are at Fiat–Shamir-random points (no fixed binding); the -preprocessed (vk) commitment is per-circuit-static (can't carry per-instance state); and -the shipped NPO table provers all hardcode empty `public_values` with no public -registration path to emit one. An adversarial pass over all six escape routes (trace -opening, vk channel, custom NPO table, aggregation PIs, two-proof binding, upstream -precedent) found none that binds a value across a batch layer without forking upstream -or redesigning the protocol. - -**Consequence:** Option 1 AND Option 2 are dead. zkCoins' cross-layer state IVC (the -`prev_account` carry, and the source-aggregator per-leaf ProofData surfacing) is -**structurally unbuildable** on this `Plonky3-recursion` rev. The threading/masking/vk -*binding primitives* all work in isolation — what is missing is any **per-instance value -channel across a batch-recursion layer**, which Plonky2 cyclic recursion provided -natively and Plonky3 does not. - -**Escape routes (what would reopen a GO):** -1. **Upstream feature** — a maintained `Plonky3-recursion` rev that exposes per-instance - public inputs across batch layers (e.g. a value-emitting NPO backend; the - `PcsRecursionBackend`/`FriRecursionConfig` traits are NOT sealed). `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, - `probe_h_…`, `probe_g_…` are pinned (`= 0`) and turn red the moment this changes. -2. **Protocol redesign** — an architecture that does not require threading state across - recursion layers (out of scope for a backend *port*; escalate to the operator). -3. **Fork upstream** — explicitly out of scope per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. - -## Per-probe verdict - -### Probe A — IVC structure + fixed point → **SUPPORTED** -Layered chain via `build_next_layer_circuit`/`prove_next_layer` + -`into_recursion_input::()`. Base case = a real layer-0 proof (no `_or_dummy` -needed). Constant shape proven: witness_count `[25567, 104630, 107957, 107957]` reaches -a fixed point (analogue of Plonky2 `common_data_for_recursion`, §7.12). Cross-checked -by the upstream `recursive_fibonacci --field goldilocks` example. PI threading across -this chain is the NO-GO finding above. - -### Probe B — fan-in tree composition → **SUPPORTED** -`build_and_prove_aggregation_layer`, strictly 2-to-1; a depth-2 fan-in-4 tree composes -into a fixed-shape root that verifies. `MAX_IN_COINS=8` is one more level. The variable -active count is handled by Probe E's masking (below), not inside the aggregation. - -### Probe C / Probe F — public-input binding + vk-equality connect-back → **SUPPORTED** -- C: an inner proof's public inputs are bound — a mismatched PI claim is rejected. -- F: **vk-equality connect-back exercised end-to-end.** Two `ConstPrepAir` instances - (k=42 vs k=99) have different preprocessed commitments (= different vks). The verifier - circuit `connect`s the inner preprocessed-commitment targets to vk_42. A proof from - vk_99 — which is INTERNALLY VALID against vk_99 — is rejected **solely** by the vk - bind (a control accepts it unbound). This is the Plonky2 `connect_hashes` analogue, - proven. - -### Probe E — variable-active-count masking → **SUPPORTED** -The §7.17 `connect(computed, select(active, expected, computed))` pattern, on an 8-slot -fixed-shape consumer circuit, **proved for real with batch-stark**. Active+correct slots -accepted with inactive slots carrying GARBAGE (masked away); an active slot with a wrong -value rejected; flipping a garbage slot's active bit to 1 flips the verdict to reject; -flipping back re-masks. The active bit genuinely gates the per-slot check. - -(Note: the masked slot *values* in Probe E are provided as consumer inputs. Sourcing -them from a real aggregation's per-leaf PIs is subject to the same cross-layer -public-input limitation as the NO-GO finding — i.e. the port surfaces them via the -chosen threading construction, then masks.) - -## Cost projection (P0-T5 + Probe I) - -Real reference (Plonky2, measured): the full state-transition warm-prove is **4.35 s -p50 / 3.9 GB RSS** on M5 Max at MAX_IN_COINS=8 (`scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json`); -circuit ≈ **2^16 rows / ~50k gates / ~4500 Poseidon hashes** (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` -§7.17). Budget: warm ≤ 5 s, ideal ≤ 1 s, < 64 GB. - -`probe_i_cost_projection` scales the recursion-layer measurement to real inner-proof -size (a ≈2^16-gate base) — recursion overhead grows **sub-linearly** with inner size: - -| base gates | base prove | layer-1 witness_count | layer-1 prove | -|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| 2^4 (toy) | 8 ms | 27 002 | 1.18 s | -| 2^12 | 150 ms | 38 569 | 2.32 s | -| **2^16 (real-sized)** | 2.37 s | 44 912 | **3.19 s** | - -Peak RSS for the full spike suite ≈ 1.4 GB (≈50× under budget). Earlier per-stabilized- -layer figure (≈4.65 s, witness_count 107 957) is for a chain that has re-recursed -several times; the single layer over a real-sized proof is ≈3.2 s. - -**Budget assessment (material risk):** one recursion layer over a real-sized proof is -≈3.2 s — a large fraction of the 5 s warm budget **before** the (Plonky3) base -state-transition prove and **before** the now-mandatory Option-2 commit+hash overhead -per layer. The numbers above are an *arithmetic floor* (the real circuit's Poseidon -constraints are heavier per row). So the warm-prove budget is at genuine risk and -**must be measured on the real circuit + Option-2 early in Phase 5** — if it exceeds -5 s, the design knobs are level (reduce MAX_IN_COINS, fewer in-coin recursions, -folding), never external hardware (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §7.11). Not a definitive -blow (base prove TBD, FRI params untuned), but not comfortable headroom either. - -## Mechanism robustness (Probes L–P) — recorded for a future re-evaluation - -Beyond the gate question, these validate that the `p3-recursion` mechanism is robust for -the *non-threading* uses (aggregation, single-hop verification) that a redesigned -architecture or a future upstream might still rely on: -- **Multi-AIR coexistence** (`probe_l`): two heterogeneous AIRs verify in one circuit - with independently-bound public inputs (cross-wiring rejected). -- **Depth** (`probe_m`): a 50-layer chain holds the constant-shape fixed point - (witness_count 107 957) with **flat ~1.39 GB RSS** (no per-layer memory accumulation); - latency is linear at ~4.66 s/layer. -- **Concurrency** (`probe_n`): 4 simultaneous prove+verify workloads all succeed - (~1.38 GB peak) — the prover is usable under a service's concurrent load. -- **Soundness** (`probe_o`): the in-circuit verifier genuinely rejects mismatched FRI - data and tampered public inputs — so every negative assertion in this suite is a real - rejection, not a vacuous accept. -- **Serialization** (`probe_p`): a recursion proof bincode round-trips byte-stable - (~363 KB) and still verifies (node-persistence-ready). - -None of these change the NO-GO — they confirm the recursion *engine* is solid; what is -missing is only the cross-layer value channel. - -## Gate decision (historical, superseded — see top banner; the live decision is 🟢 GO via Path 1+5) - -🛑 **NO-GO for the migration as specified.** Every §5 *binding primitive* is empirically -proven (PI threading binding, active-count masking, vk-equality connect-back, IVC fixed -point, fan-in composition) — but they all operate **within a layer or across the single -uni-stark hop**. The one thing the zkCoins recursion contract requires and this rev -cannot provide is a **per-instance value channel across a batch-recursion layer**: -- Option 1 (AIR public values) — dead (`probe_h`, `probe_g`, `probe_d_multilayer_carry`). -- Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) — the primitive works (`probe_j`) but cannot compose, - because layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest (adversarial review of all - escape routes: none binds a value across a batch layer without a fork or redesign). - -So `prev_account`/ProofData threading across the IVC chain is **structurally unbuildable** -here. A backend *port* that preserves the recursion contract (`SPEC.md`, `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` -§1) cannot be completed on this rev. **Do not start Phases 4–5.** Phases 1–3 (field/hash/ -Merkle/single non-recursive state-transition) would still port, but they are not useful -without the recursion they feed. - -**Decision is the operator's** (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16 — protocol-touching). Options: -1. ~~**Hold** — revisit when `Plonky3-recursion` exposes cross-layer public inputs.~~ - **SUPERSEDED:** the capability is already present (PR #407, on the pinned rev) — it was - not missing upstream, it was simply not exercised by the stock-table probes. See the - banner at the top and `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` (Path 1+5: GO via custom - public-value-emitting tables). -2. **Protocol redesign** — re-architect to avoid cross-layer state threading. Out of - scope for a backend port; a separate design effort the operator must commission. -3. **Fork upstream** — explicitly excluded by §16. - -**Do not** fork/patch `p3-recursion`. No upstream issue is filed; `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, -`probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, and `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` are pinned (`= 0`) -to flip red the moment a rev restores cross-layer value propagation. - -## Risks (moot under NO-GO, recorded for a future re-evaluation if an escape route opens) - -These applied to the CONDITIONAL-GO reading and are kept for the day the cross-layer -blocker is lifted upstream (escape route 1). **Under the current NO-GO they do not gate -anything** — the migration does not start. - -1. **Warm-prove budget (would-be top risk if Option 2 ever composed).** A real-scale - recursion layer is ≈3.2 s (Probe I) and any commit+re-bind construction adds per-layer - hashing on top of the base prove (Plonky2 base already 4.35 s). If an upstream rev ever - reopens cross-layer threading, measure the real circuit + re-bind against the 5 s budget - FIRST; design knobs (reduce `MAX_IN_COINS`, folding) if it exceeds. -2. **Upstream is unaudited and pre-1.0**, edition 2024, git-only, actively iterating. - Pin a rev; treat any bump as a deliberate, re-tested change. -3. **Recursion topology is a redesign, not a port.** Phase 5 (recursion + aggregator): - the source-aggregator vk-binding and active-count masking must be re-derived in the - `p3-circuit` builder (Probes E/F prove the primitives), not copied from §7.21/§7.22. -4. **Padding cost in the aggregator** (Probe B): up to 8 real proofs even when few slots - are active; measure on the real source AIR early in Phase 5. -5. **Protocol-visibility guard.** None of this touches `SPEC.md` semantics (proof system - invisible on-chain). The migration changes the proof *format* (closed-env-only). Any - change to verification *semantics* → STOP and escalate per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16. - -## Effort estimate (moot under NO-GO) - -`ROADMAP.md` estimated 2–4 weeks ("primarily plumbing"). Phases 1–3 (skeleton, field/ -hash, Merkle) are low-risk plumbing (~2 weeks). But **Phases 4–5 cannot be completed at -all** on this rev (no cross-layer state threading), so any full-port estimate is moot -until escape route 1 (upstream) or 2 (redesign) changes the picture. The spike itself — -which is what answered this — was the right ≤1-week investment to avoid weeks of doomed -porting. - -## Recommended field decision for Phase 9 - -**Stay Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 for the whole port (Phases 1–8); defer KoalaBear/BabyBear -to a separate Phase 9** — and only run Phase 9 if Phase 8's `probe_r2` bench misses the -warm-prove budget AND a usable Apple-Silicon (Metal) GPU path materializes. Goldilocks -memory/overhead is comfortable (≈1 GB, ≈4.65 s/layer floor); the small-field win is a -CUDA story our host can't use; `p3-recursion`'s KoalaBear path is the more-exercised one, -so a later swap is low-friction (one variable, per `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §2). diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md deleted file mode 100644 index 31ebe8bc..00000000 --- a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,415 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 Carrier-Table-Chain — Cryptographic Audit Specification (Doc 3) - -**Status:** Audit-ready specification of the *carrier-table IVC composition* used to -thread per-instance state across recursion layers in the zkCoins Plonky3 backend. -**Scope:** the composition mechanism only — see §6 (Non-goals). **Date:** 2026-06-06. - -**Companion documents:** -- `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` — Phase-0 gate memo (GO via Path 1+5). -- `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` — Path-1+5 rationale and 9-path analysis. -- `PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md` (Doc 4) — upstream pinning / TCB maintenance. -- `PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md` (Doc 1) — cutover plan. - -This document is written for an external cryptographic auditor. It defines the -construction precisely, gives a layered soundness argument, lists the explicit -security assumptions the auditor must accept or challenge, and provides a concrete -review checklist. Symbol names are real and refer to the upstream `Plonky3-recursion` -API and to the spike probes (`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/`). Anything not -directly verifiable from the spike code is marked `[VERIFY: …]`. - ---- - -## 0. Pinned trusted base - -The construction rides on two pinned upstream revisions. They are **not** independent -choices: `Plonky3-recursion`'s workspace pins exactly the `Plonky3`-main rev below, and -the recursion crates share `p3-*` types with it. - -| Repo | Rev | Role | -|---|---|---| -| `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b` | carrier mechanism (`prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit`, PR #407 public values) | -| `Plonky3/Plonky3` | `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803` | core `p3-*` (field, FRI, AIR, batch-STARK) that the recursion rev is built against | - -The per-instance public-value channel that the whole construction depends on is -upstream **PR #407 ("feat: support public values", merged 2026-03-19)**, present in the -`Plonky3-recursion` rev `524665d`. (Note: PR #407 is a `Plonky3-recursion` PR resolved -in `524665d`; `56952503` is the companion `Plonky3`-main rev — the construction does not -depend on a Plonky3-main public-values PR.) - -The construction deliberately uses the **low-level** `prove_batch` / `verify_batch_circuit` -API and **not** the high-level `build_and_prove_next_layer`, which is how it avoids -upstream issue **#436** ("Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2", closed -without MRE). The auditor should confirm the real ported chain stays on the low-level API -(see §5 checklist item C-9). - -> **The pinned upstream `p3-recursion` / `p3` code is UNAUDITED and pre-1.0.** It is part -> of the Trusted Computing Base of this construction (§4). Doc 4 covers pin maintenance; -> this audit must treat the upstream prover/verifier/FRI/Poseidon2 code as either trusted -> or in-scope for a separate audit. - ---- - -## 1. Construction definition - -### 1.1 Notation - -- `F` — the base field (BabyBear in the probes; the mechanism is field-generic). -- `E` — the challenge / cross-layer extension field over `F` (`Challenge`). -- A *carrier AIR* `C` is an `Air` with `num_public_values() = m` (m ≥ 1) whose public - values are bound, by a first-row constraint, to committed trace cells. -- `V_N` — the carried state value emitted by layer `N` (in the probes a counter; in the - real port the `prev_account` / ProofData digest, see §1.6). -- `π_N` — the batch-STARK proof of layer `N`'s carrier (`BatchProof`). -- `vk_N` — the verifier key (for a uni-stark / preprocessed AIR, the preprocessed - commitment). - -### 1.2 The carrier AIR - -The canonical carrier in `probe_r_carrier_chain.rs` is `CarrierAir`: - -- **Width:** 2 (trace columns `[v_in, v_out]`). -- **Public-value count:** `num_public_values() = 2` → public values `[v_in, v_out]`. -- **Constraints** (`Air::eval`, all gated by `when_first_row()`): - 1. `v_in == public_values[0]` — first-row bind of `pi_in` to committed cell `local[0]`. - 2. `v_out == public_values[1]` — first-row bind of `pi_out` to committed cell `local[1]`. - 3. `v_out == v_in + 1` — the state-transition relation (here: increment-by-one). - -Generalized: constraint 3 is replaced by the real per-transition relation -`v_out == T(v_in, witness)` where `T` is the zkCoins state-update relation. Constraints 1 -and 2 are the **public-value binding** — they pin each declared public value to a specific -committed trace cell, so the public value cannot float free of the proof's trace. - -The minimal single-public-value variant is `PublicValueAir` in -`probe_q_custom_public_value.rs` (width 2, `num_public_values() = 1`, single first-row bind -`local[0] == public_values[0]`). It isolates the per-instance public-value channel without -the transition relation. - -### 1.3 Proving a layer (`prove_batch`) - -A layer is one `prove_batch` `BatchProof` of a single `StarkInstance` of the carrier: - -``` -instances = [ StarkInstance { air: &C, trace, public_values: [v_in, v_out] } ] -prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances) -π = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data) -``` - -`verify_batch(&config, &[C], &π, &pvs, &prover_data.common)` is the native check. The -honest trace commits `(v, v+1)` on row 0; `public_values` is the *claimed* pair handed to -`prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. If the claimed pair disagrees with the committed cells, the -first-row bind (1)/(2) makes the constraint system unsatisfiable and `verify_batch` -rejects — this is the carrier-bind negative (Probe R NEGATIVE 2: claiming `v_out = v+999` -against a `(v, v+1)` trace fails at prove/verify time). - -### 1.4 Verifying a layer in the next layer (`verify_batch_circuit`) - -The next layer is a `p3-circuit` `CircuitBuilder` that verifies `π_N` in-circuit: - -``` -let vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate(&mut cb, &π_N, common, &air_public_counts); -verify_batch_circuit(&config, &[C], &mut cb, &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, &fri_params, &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16)?; -``` - -`air_public_counts = [m]` declares how many per-instance public values the inner carrier -emits. After `allocate`, the inner proof's public values surface as **constrainable -circuit targets**: - -- `vi.air_public_targets.len() == 1` (one carrier instance), -- `vi.air_public_targets[0].len() == m` (the carrier's `m` public values — for the - primitive tables this would be `[0,0,0]`; the carrier makes it non-empty). - -For `CarrierAir`, `air_public_targets[0] = [ target(v_in), target(v_out) ]`. These targets -are bound by `verify_batch_circuit` to the inner committed trace via the same constraint -the inner proof carries (the first-row bind), so constraining a target is equivalent to -constraining the inner committed cell (§2b). - -### 1.5 Chaining layers (`connect`) - -The IVC link between layer `N` (`prev`) and layer `N+1` (`cur`) is a single circuit that: - -1. verifies `prev`'s carrier in-circuit → surfaces `V_N = prev.air_public_targets[0][1]` - (the inner `v_out`); -2. verifies `cur`'s carrier in-circuit → surfaces `v_in^{N+1} = cur.air_public_targets[0][0]` - (the inner `v_in`); -3. **threads** them: `cb.connect(prev.air_public_targets[0][1], cur.air_public_targets[0][0])`. - -`connect(a, b)` forces `a == b` in the witness (a DSU-style union of the two targets — see -§2c). Because each carrier internally enforces `v_out == v_in + 1` (constraint 3), chaining -links `0→1→2→3` proves `V_3 == V_0 + 3` with every intermediate value threaded through a -real proof's public-value channel. Probe R asserts the concrete carried value -(`V_3 == V_0 + 3`) and the forward linkage `pvs[k].v_out == pvs[k+1].v_in` for every link. - -### 1.6 The real use (per-slot ProofData + active mask) - -In the real zkCoins port the carried value is not a counter but the -`prev_account` / ProofData digest threaded across the account-update IVC chain, and the -relation `T` is the real state-update. The source aggregator surfaces per-slot ProofData -through the **same carrier channel** plus an `active`-bit mask (`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` -§7.17, exercised in `probe_e_active_masking.rs`): for each of `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` fixed -slots, - -``` -masked = cb.select(active, expected, claimed); // §7.17 -cb.connect(claimed, masked); -``` - -`active = 0` reduces to `connect(claimed, claimed)` (slot masked off; garbage accepted); -`active = 1` enforces `claimed == expected` (the per-slot check fires). The auditor must -verify the active-mask construction does not provide a bypass for *active* slots (§5, -C-6). The vk-equality connect-back (§1.7) plugs in alongside the mask in the aggregator. - -### 1.7 vk binding (`connect`-back) - -To prevent a wrong-circuit substitution (an inner proof that is internally valid against a -*different* verifier key), the outer circuit `connect`s the inner proof's verifier-key -targets (for a preprocessed/uni-stark AIR, the preprocessed-commitment targets, -`vi.preprocessed_commit.cap_targets`) to the expected `vk` value. This is the Plonky2 -`connect_hashes` analogue. `probe_f_vk_binding.rs` proves it end-to-end: `proof_99` (valid -against `vk_99`) bound to `vk_42` is rejected purely by the `connect`, while an unbound -`proof_99` is accepted (control isolating the bind as the cause). - ---- - -## 2. Soundness argument - -**Core claim.** An accepting IVC link chain of depth `n` proves that the state relation -`T` held at every step (`V_{k} = T(V_{k-1}, ·)` for `1 ≤ k ≤ n`) and that the carried value -was genuinely threaded (`v_out` of layer `k` equals `v_in` of layer `k+1`), under the -security assumptions of §3. - -The argument is layered (a)–(e). - -### (a) Per-layer public-value binding - -A carrier proof's public value is soundly bound to its committed trace by **two** -ingredients: - -1. **The first-row AIR constraint.** `CarrierAir::eval` asserts `local[0] == public_values[0]` - and `local[1] == public_values[1]` under `when_first_row()`. A satisfying assignment must - therefore have the declared public values equal to the committed row-0 cells. There is no - satisfying trace in which a public value differs from its bound cell. -2. **STARK/FRI soundness of `prove_batch`.** The committed cells are fixed by the - trace-Merkle commitment in `π`, and the constraint system (including the first-row binds) - is checked at the FRI-random out-of-domain point. An adversary who commits one trace but - claims a different public value produces an unsatisfiable constraint system; `verify_batch` - rejects it except with the FRI/STARK soundness error (Probe R NEGATIVE 2; upstream's own - `test_batch_verifier_wrong_public_values` is `#[should_panic(WitnessConflict)]`). - -**Assumption used:** FRI is sound at the chosen parameters, and the AIR constraint system is -both complete (honest carriers pass) and sound (the binds (1)/(2) and the relation (3) are -the *only* satisfying constraints — there is no under-constrained public value). The -auditor must independently confirm completeness/soundness of the *real* ported AIR (§5 C-1). - -### (b) Cross-layer surfacing - -`verify_batch_circuit` faithfully exposes the inner proof's public value as -`air_public_targets`. The mechanism (PR #407): the upstream batch verifier builds -`air_public_counts` from each non-primitive table's `public_values.len()`, and -`BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::allocate` allocates exactly that many circuit public-input -targets as `air_public_targets`. Inside `verify_batch_circuit`, the recursive constraint -folder evaluates the inner AIR's constraints — including the first-row bind — over these -targets. Therefore an outer constraint placed on `air_public_targets[i][j]` is equivalent to -a constraint on the inner committed cell that (a) binds: the surfaced target *is* the inner -public value, which *is* the inner committed cell. Probe Q proves this directly -(`air_public_targets[0].len() == 1`; claiming `42` verifies, `999` is rejected); Probe R -re-confirms it at `m = 2`. - -**Assumption used:** the upstream `verify_batch_circuit` recursive verifier is a faithful -in-circuit re-encoding of the native `verify_batch` (this is the unaudited-TCB assumption, -§3/§4). If upstream's recursive folder diverged from the native folder on public values, the -surfacing could be unsound; the auditor must treat upstream verification logic as -trusted-or-audited. - -### (c) Threading - -`connect(prev.v_out, cur.v_in)` forces continuity. In `p3-circuit`, `connect(a, b)` unions -the two targets in a disjoint-set structure and requires them to carry equal witness values; -a witness that assigns them different values is rejected at run time with `WitnessConflict`. -A wrong forwarded value is therefore unsatisfiable: Probe R NEGATIVE 1 builds a -*valid-but-wrong-successor* carrier (honest `(v0+5, v0+6)`) and links it after layer 0 -(which emitted `v0`); the link fails because `connect(v0, v0+5)` is a witness conflict. The -**control** — running the identical mismatched pair *without* the `connect` — is accepted, -proving the rejection is purely the IVC thread bind and not an unrelated artifact. - -**Assumption used:** `connect`'s equality is enforced (DSU union is sound) — part of the -`p3-circuit` TCB. - -### (d) Base case + induction (IVC) - -- **Base case.** Layer 0 is a real carrier proof whose `v_in` has *no* predecessor to bind - against; it commits `[V_0 - 1, V_0]` and only its `v_out = V_0` is consumed downstream. - The base case is established by the carrier proof itself (no `_or_dummy` primitive is used; - `p3-recursion` has none — see the gate memo). -- **Inductive step.** Given an accepting link `k → k+1`, (a) binds `V_k` and `v_in^{k+1}` to - their respective proofs, (b) surfaces them, (c) forces `V_k == v_in^{k+1}`, and the carrier - relation forces `v_out^{k+1} == T(v_in^{k+1}, ·)`. By induction over `0 → 1 → … → n`, the - relation held at every step and the value threaded continuously. -- **Fixed-shape requirement.** IVC soundness requires a **constant proof shape per layer** - (every link circuit has the same shape so the verifier key is stable). The spike confirms - the fixed point (`probe_a_ivc`: witness counts reach a constant `107957`; `probe_m`: depth - 50 holds the constant shape with flat RSS). The real port must hold this fixed point; a - shape that drifts per layer would break the inductive vk stability (§5 C-8). - -### (e) vk binding - -The verifier-key equality `connect`-back (§1.7) prevents a wrong-circuit substitution. Each -link constrains the inner proof's vk targets to the expected circuit's vk. An adversary -supplying a proof of a *different* circuit (internally valid against its own vk) is rejected -by the vk `connect`, even though the inner STARK verification passes. `probe_f_vk_binding` -proves exactly this (reject `proof_99` bound to `vk_42`; control accepts it unbound). -Without this bind, the inductive step (d) would only prove "*some* accepting carrier exists", -not "the *intended* carrier circuit ran". - ---- - -## 3. Security assumptions (explicit — accept or challenge) - -An auditor must accept (or challenge) each of the following. These are the assumptions on -which the §2 soundness argument rests. - -1. **FRI / STARK soundness at the production FRI parameters.** The carried-value binding and - every in-circuit verification reduce to FRI soundness. The production parameters (blowup, - query count, proof-of-work grinding bits, final-poly length) must give the target security - level. **The spike probes do NOT use production FRI params** — they use - `FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests(...)` fed by `test_fri_scalars()` - (`log_blowup`, `commit_pow_bits = 0`, `query_pow_bits`, etc.), at `security_level = 100` - `[VERIFY: the production target is 100-bit conjectured FRI security; confirm the intended - target and that production params meet it]`. The proxy-vs-production FRI gap is itself an - audit item (§5 C-4). Note the standard caveat: FRI's *provable* soundness is weaker than - its *conjectured* soundness; state which is being relied upon. - -2. **Small-field soundness margin (BabyBear + extension).** BabyBear is a ~31-bit prime - field. Per-query / per-challenge soundness error is governed by the size of the field over - which challenges are drawn — the **challenge extension field `E`**, not the 31-bit base - field. The construction draws challenges and surfaces the cross-layer value over `E` - `[VERIFY: the recursion config uses extension degree d for challenges — the spike sets - `.for_extension_degree::<2>()` in one path; confirm the production extension degree and - that |E| = |F|^d ≈ 2^(31·d) gives an adequate per-challenge soundness margin, e.g. d ≥ 4 - for a comfortable margin, with enough FRI queries to reach the target bits]`. **This is one - of the most load-bearing assumptions** — a too-small extension degree silently erodes the - per-challenge soundness and the whole chain's security with it. - -3. **Collision-resistance of the Merkle / sponge hash.** Trace and FRI commitments are Merkle - trees over a hash. The production hash is **Keccak** (`PaddingFreeSponge` - in the production-config probes V/W); the in-circuit Poseidon2 path uses - `Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16`. Collision-resistance of the committed hash is assumed; - a collision would let an adversary equivocate on a committed trace cell and break (a). - -4. **Degree-7 cryptographic S-box (must ship).** The Poseidon2 permutation securing the - commitments must use the **cryptographic round counts and the degree-7 S-box (`x^7`)** — - `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` with `SBOX_DEGREE = 7`, `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1`, and the real - BabyBear constants (`BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16 = 13`, full rounds per - `BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS`), as measured in `probe_v_degree7_bench`. **A - degree-3 S-box (`x^3`) is NOT cryptographically safe and MUST NOT ship** — Probe S used - degree-3 only as a benchmarking proxy and explicitly understated cost. The auditor must - confirm the production config is degree-7 with cryptographic round counts (§5 C-10), and - that the hiding/ZK FRI (`HidingFriPcs`, Probe W) is enabled where ZK is required. - -5. **Unaudited upstream in the TCB.** `p3-recursion` and `p3` (the pinned revs in §0) are - **unaudited and pre-1.0**. The native `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`, the recursive - `verify_batch_circuit`, the FRI prover/verifier, the Poseidon2 gadget, and the `p3-circuit` - `connect`/DSU machinery are all in the TCB. The auditor must either trust this code or audit - it as part of this engagement; a pin bump (Doc 4) is a re-audit trigger. - ---- - -## 4. Trusted Computing Base - -The soundness of the construction depends on, and only on: - -1. The **carrier AIR** definitions (the ported `T` relation + first-row binds) — *in scope - for this audit*, but the per-transition business relation `T` is a **separate** audit - scope (§6). -2. The **link-circuit construction** (which targets are `connect`ed, the active mask, the vk - bind) — *in scope*. -3. **Upstream `p3-recursion` / `p3`** at the pinned revs (native + recursive verifier, FRI, - Poseidon2, `p3-circuit`) — **unaudited; trusted or separately audited** (§3.5, Doc 4). -4. The **FRI / field / hash parameters** chosen for production (§3.1–§3.4). - -A defect in any of these can break soundness. Items 1–2 are the zkCoins-authored surface; -items 3–4 are the upstream/parameter surface. - ---- - -## 5. What the auditor should check (checklist) - -- **C-1 — AIR constraint completeness (no under-constrained public value).** For the real - ported carrier(s), confirm every declared public value is bound by a first-row (or - otherwise sound) constraint to a *specific* committed cell, that the bind is on the **right** - cell (carried value, not an adjacent column), and that the transition relation `T` is fully - constrained (no free witness that lets `v_out` take an unintended value). The probes bind - `local[0]/local[1]`; the real AIR must be re-checked. -- **C-2 — carrier-bind soundness.** Confirm a carrier cannot declare a public value its trace - did not commit (Probe R NEGATIVE 2 in the real AIR): claiming a wrong public value must fail - at `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. -- **C-3 — `connect` continuity (no discontinuous value).** Confirm there is no satisfying - witness for a link with `prev.v_out != cur.v_in` (Probe R NEGATIVE 1 + control). Verify the - `connect` targets the correct indices (`[0][1]` ↔ `[0][0]`) in the real wiring. -- **C-4 — FRI parameter soundness margin.** Re-derive the security bits from the production - blowup / queries / PoW bits / final-poly length; confirm they meet the target and that the - spike's `unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests` params are NOT used in production. -- **C-5 — field / extension soundness.** Confirm |E| (extension degree × |BabyBear|) gives an - adequate per-challenge soundness margin for the chain depth and query count (§3.2). This is - the small-field item — scrutinize it. -- **C-6 — active-mask bypass.** In the aggregator, confirm `select(active, expected, claimed)` - + `connect(claimed, masked)` has **no aliasing path** that lets an *active* slot pass with a - wrong value, no way to forge the `active` bit (it is asserted boolean, - `cb.assert_bool(active)`), and that masking an inactive slot cannot leak into an active - binding. -- **C-7 — Fiat–Shamir transcript binding.** Confirm the challenger **absorbs all public - values** (and the vk / commitments) before deriving challenges, so the surfaced public value - is bound into the transcript and cannot be chosen after the challenges. Check serialization - is transcript-stable (`probe_p_serialization`: byte-stable bincode round-trip, truncated blob - rejected). -- **C-8 — fixed proof shape.** Confirm the link circuit reaches a constant shape / fixed point - across the chain (vk stable per layer); a per-layer shape drift breaks induction (§2d). -- **C-9 — low-level API / issue #436.** Confirm the real chain uses `prove_batch` / - `verify_batch_circuit` (not `build_and_prove_next_layer`) and does not regress into upstream - issue #436 at depth ≥ 2. -- **C-10 — degree-7 + hiding in production.** Confirm the shipped permutation is degree-7 with - cryptographic round counts and that ZK is provided by `HidingFriPcs` where required (§3.4). -- **C-11 — proxy-vs-real gap.** Probes T/Q/R use **representative** carrier AIRs (counter / - single value). The real ported circuit's constraints (balance conservation, nullifiers, the - full state-update `T`) are **NOT** exercised by these probes and must be audited separately - (§6). The composition mechanism is what the probes establish; the per-transition logic is not. -- **C-12 — vk binding present at every hop.** Confirm the vk-equality `connect`-back (§1.7) is - wired at every IVC link and aggregator leaf, not just the first (otherwise a wrong-circuit - proof could be substituted at an unguarded hop). - ---- - -## 6. Known limitations / non-goals - -- **This spec covers the carrier-chain *composition* only.** It does **not** audit the - per-transition business logic: balance conservation, nullifier uniqueness, ownership / - signature checks, the Merkle-membership of accounts, or the concrete state-update relation - `T`. Those are a **separate audit scope** against the real ported circuit and `SPEC.md`. -- **The probes prove the mechanism, not the full circuit.** `probe_q` / `probe_r` use a - counter (`v_out == v_in + 1`) as a stand-in for the real `T`; `probe_e` uses synthetic slot - values. A green probe demonstrates that *a* value is soundly threaded and masked — it does - not certify that the real `T` is correctly or completely constrained (that is C-1 / C-11 / - §6 separate scope). -- **Upstream is trusted-or-separately-audited** (§3.5, §4). This document does not audit the - `p3-recursion` / `p3` internals; it states where they enter the TCB. -- **Performance is out of scope here** but gates feasibility (see the gate memo: degree-7 + - hiding FRI is ~5× over the optimistic proxy; promising at the real hash count, not a - guaranteed win at full circuit size — tracked by Probe T). Performance does not affect - soundness. - ---- - -## 7. Summary for the auditor - -The carrier-table chain threads a per-instance value across recursion layers by (i) emitting -it as an AIR **public value** bound to a committed trace cell (first-row constraint), (ii) -surfacing it across a batch layer as a constrainable `air_public_target` via -`verify_batch_circuit` (PR #407), and (iii) `connect`-ing successive layers' carried values -to force continuity, with a per-hop **vk** `connect`-back to pin the circuit identity. The -probes establish each link of this argument with positive + negative + control assertions -and real proving (no mocks). The soundness of the *mechanism* follows from FRI/STARK -soundness, the small-field/extension margin, hash collision-resistance, the degree-7 -cryptographic permutation, and the correctness of the unaudited upstream verifier — the five -assumptions of §3, of which the **small-field/extension soundness margin** and the -**unaudited upstream in the TCB** are the two the auditor should scrutinize hardest. diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0781ee70..00000000 --- a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,570 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky2 → Plonky3 Cutover Playbook - -**Doc 1 of the Plonky3 migration documentation set.** This is the production-engineering -runbook for switching the zkCoins node's proving backend from Plonky2 (Goldilocks, cyclic -recursion) to Plonky3 (layered carrier-table recursion). It is self-contained: an engineer -executing the cutover months from now should be able to run it end-to-end from this file. - -**Companion docs (referenced, not duplicated here):** - -- **Doc 2 — Wire / Storage Format Migration.** Authoritative on the on-disk and on-the-wire - byte formats (proof blobs, SMT/MMR root encoding, `circuit_digest` representation, field - serialisation Goldilocks↔BabyBear). This playbook *references* its conclusions; it does not - re-derive them. -- **Doc 3 — Crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain.** -- **Doc 4 — Upstream maintenance plan** (pinned revs, fork policy). -- **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`** — the Phase-0 feasibility gate (GO via Path 1+5). -- **`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`** §5.4 / §7.5 — the Schnorr/Poseidon boundary, on-chain format. - ---- - -## 0. Scope & non-negotiables (read first) - -The migration changes the **proving backend only**. The following are **frozen** and any PR -that touches them is out of scope for the cutover and must STOP-and-escalate -(`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` §5.4, §7.5, §D3): - -1. **On-chain commitment format is invisible to the proof system.** A state change is - published as a single BIP-340 Schnorr inscription over `H(asth ‖ ocr)` with the Taproot - inscription txid prefix `4242`. The proof bytes are **never** posted on-chain. Therefore - the proof system can change with **zero on-chain format change** — this is the property - that makes the whole cutover feasible. -2. **Schnorr boundary stays at byte serialisation.** The wallet signs - `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` where `asth`/`ocr` are 4-element Poseidon - outputs serialised to 32 bytes each. There is **no in-circuit SHA256 and no in-circuit - Schnorr verify** — BIP-340 verification happens off-circuit in the scanner. The cutover - does not touch `verify_send_signature` in `node/src/router.rs` or the scanner's signature - path. -3. **Protocol constants must not change**: `MAX_IN_COINS`, `MAX_OUT_COINS`, - `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN` (`zkcoins_program::circuit::main`). These are the cost/parity anchors; - changing them is a protocol change, not a backend port. -4. **The 32-byte address / hash-digest wire shape stays identical.** Account addresses, SMT - leaves and MMR roots are 32-byte values on the wire and in `accounts.address`. Whether the - *underlying field* changes (Goldilocks → BabyBear) and whether that re-encodes the 32-byte - root is **Doc 2's** question; see §4 below for the cutover consequence. - -> **Field decision (from the Phase-0 gate).** The recommended port stays **Goldilocks on -> Plonky3 for the whole port (Phases 1–8)**; KoalaBear/BabyBear is deferred to a separate -> Phase 9 that only runs if the warm-prove budget is missed. **If the port lands on -> Goldilocks, the SMT/MMR root encoding does not change and §4 simplifies to the proof-blob -> reset only.** This playbook covers BOTH cases and flags where they diverge. - ---- - -## 1. Pre-cutover checklist — parity gates that MUST be green - -Cutover does not start until **every** box below is green on the exact frozen build. None of -these are advisory. - -### 1.1 Frozen build / pins - -- [ ] Plonky3 upstream revs pinned and recorded in Doc 4 (the `Plonky3` / - `Plonky3-recursion` pair must be the matched workspace pair — see - `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` §"Pins probed"). **A backend port may not bump these - mid-cutover.** -- [ ] `rust-toolchain` unchanged (the repo pins it; CI builds with Rust 1.81.0 per - `.github/workflows/ci.yaml`). `[VERIFY: confirm the Plonky3 crates compile on the pinned - toolchain — upstream is edition-2024; if a newer toolchain is required, that is a - separate, reviewed change recorded in Doc 4.]` -- [ ] Dual-prover build flag exists and defaults to **Plonky2** (see §7 for the flag name). - `[VERIFY: name of the cargo feature / env var that selects the active backend — this is - created by the Phase-6 node-integration PR; record it here once it lands, e.g. - `ZKCOINS_PROVER_BACKEND=plonky3` or a `prover-plonky3` cargo feature.]` - -### 1.2 Circuit-equivalence parity - -- [ ] The Plonky3 circuit test suite passes with the **same assertions** as the Plonky2 suite. - The Plonky2 circuit crate (`program-plonky2/`) carries **~131 `#[test]` functions** - `[VERIFY: exact count — the task brief says "121"; `grep -rc '#\[test\]' program-plonky2/src` - currently reports ~131. Use whichever the Phase-1–5 port is required to mirror 1:1.]`. - Every ported test must assert the same positive AND negative outcomes (membership / - non-membership / insert, MMR append+prove, masking, vk-binding). Run: - ```bash - cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --release # [VERIFY: the ported crate name] - ``` -- [ ] **Cross-prover proof round-trip.** A proof produced by the Plonky3 prover verifies under - the Plonky3 verifier and bincode round-trips byte-stable (the spike proved this for the - recursion proof: `probe_p_serialization`). Confirm at the node integration layer: - `prove_account_update → serialize → deserialize → verify` returns Ok. - -### 1.3 Performance budget - -- [ ] **Warm-prove budget ≤ 5 s p50** measured by the bench harness on the reference host, - using the production parameters (`MAX_IN_COINS`, `MAX_OUT_COINS`, `MMR_PROOF_PATH_LEN`): - ```bash - # built against the Plonky3 backend build - ./target/release/probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --warm-budget-ms 5000 --persist - ``` - `probe_r2` (`node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`) measures warm `prove_account_update` wall, - cold-start wall and peak RSS against the three ROADMAP step-9 budgets and persists to - `r2_probe_runs` (migration 0013) when `--persist` is set (`DATABASE_URL` required). - The Plonky3 number must be **≤** the Plonky2 baseline (Plonky2 reference: warm p50 - ≈ 4.35 s on M5 Max; the fair-bench projects 4–61× headroom — but the budget gate is the - **real circuit + carrier recursion**, not the bench proxy, so this measurement is - mandatory, not assumed). -- [ ] Peak RSS < 64 GB; cold-start within its budget (both reported by the same `probe_r2` - run). - -### 1.4 End-to-end parity on a throwaway DB - -- [ ] Full node test suite green on the Plonky3 build: - ```bash - cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ - --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' - ``` - This is the authoritative `CI` heavy gate ("Tests + Coverage Gate"); it must stay at - 100% line + function coverage. -- [ ] **API E2E** (`-E 'binary(api_remote)'`, the 47-test suite) green against a locally-run - Plonky3 node. This is the same suite the `Deploy DEV` workflow runs as **"API E2E - against DEV"**. -- [ ] The DEV dry-run rehearsal (§7) has been executed **at least once end-to-end including a - rollback exercise**. - -**Freeze condition:** once all of §1 is green, freeze the merge train. No further commits to -`develop`/`main` except the cutover PR itself until cutover completes or is rolled back. - ---- - -## 2. In-flight proof handling (the async jobs queue) - -The node is a **jobs-based async API** (`node/src/job_store.rs`, -`node/src/job_dispatcher.rs`, migration `0014_jobs`). At any instant there may be jobs -mid-flight. They must be drained with the **OLD (Plonky2) prover** before the switch — -a Plonky3 build cannot resume a Plonky2 in-flight proof. - -### 2.1 Job states (authoritative, from `job_store.rs::JobStatus`) - -| State | Meaning | Drainable? | -|---|---|---| -| `queued` | admitted, not yet picked up | **Cancel** (no work done yet) | -| `proving` | prover running (Plonky2) | **Let finish** under old prover | -| `awaiting_signature` | send job paused waiting for the wallet's `commit` | wallet-blocked; see 2.3 | -| `broadcasting` | proof done, inscription being broadcast | **Let finish** (on-chain side) | -| `completed` | terminal | done | -| `failed` | terminal | done | -| `cancelled` | terminal | done | - -`JobKind` is `mint | send`. `JobStatus::is_terminal()` ⇔ `completed | failed | cancelled`. - -### 2.2 Quiesce sequence - -1. **Stop admitting new jobs.** Put the service into maintenance mode (§5.1) so `jobs_mint` / - `jobs_send` return 503 and no new rows enter `queued`. `[VERIFY: the service has no built-in - maintenance flag today (grep found none in node/src). The supported quiesce is at the edge - — Cloudflare maintenance page / upstream 503 — OR add a one-line "drain mode" env gate in - the Phase-6 PR. Record which here.]` -2. **Cancel `queued` jobs.** These have done no prove work; cancelling avoids a needless - minute-scale prove right before the switch. Either let the wallet drive - `POST /api/jobs/:id/cancel` (`jobs_cancel_handler`, `node/src/router.rs`) or leave them — - the boot resumer will requeue them, but under the NEW prover they would fail, so prefer - cancel. Query the live set first: - ```sql - SELECT public_id, kind, status FROM jobs - WHERE status NOT IN ('completed','failed','cancelled') - ORDER BY created_at; - ``` -3. **Let `proving` / `broadcasting` jobs finish under the old prover.** These are the only - states that hold real in-flight work. A `proving` job finishes in single-digit seconds - (warm-prove ≤ 5 s p50); a `broadcasting` job finishes once the inscription is broadcast. -4. **Wait for the queue to reach steady terminal/awaiting state.** Re-run the query in (2) - until it returns only `awaiting_signature` rows (handled in 2.3) or nothing. - -**Max drain time:** dominated by the longest single prove plus broadcast confirmation latency. -Budget **≤ 2 minutes** of active draining for `proving`/`broadcasting` under nominal load. -`awaiting_signature` is **not** time-bounded (it waits on the wallet) — do not block the -cutover on it; see 2.3. - -### 2.3 `awaiting_signature` (send jobs paused on the wallet) - -A `send` job reaches `awaiting_signature` after its proof is produced; it then waits for the -wallet's `POST /api/jobs/:id/commit` (the dispatcher drains a `commit_wake` Notify). Two -options: - -- **Preferred:** these jobs already hold a **completed Plonky2 proof** (`proof_id` populated). - The `commit` step only signs + broadcasts — it does not re-prove — so it is **safe to leave - them across the cutover**: the wallet can still commit them after the switch because commit - does not invoke the prover. **Verify this holds**: `[VERIFY: confirm process_send_resume / - the commit path does not re-run the prover on a Plonky2-produced proof after a Plonky3 boot. - If commit re-validates the proof against the live circuit, these must instead be drained or - cancelled before cutover.]` -- **Conservative fallback:** announce a short pre-cutover window, ask wallets to commit or - abandon outstanding sends, then cancel any `awaiting_signature` left at T-0. Because the - genesis reset (§4) wipes proof-dependent state anyway, an uncommitted send is lost work, not - a correctness hazard. - ---- - -## 3. State-schema migration (does DB state depend on the proof system?) - -**Yes — and decisively.** This is the crux of the cutover and the reason it is a hard -checkpoint, not a soft swap. - -### 3.1 What the DB stores (migrations `0001`–`0016`, singletons keyed `id=1`) - -| Table | Proof-dependent? | Why | -|---|---|---| -| `accounts` | **YES** | Each row carries `account.proof` — a serialised proof blob, fed back as the recursive *inner* proof on the next transition. | -| `smt_state` | **YES** | Global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree; roots are committed inside proofs. | -| `mmr_state` | **YES** | Global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots. | -| `mmr_root_index` | **YES** | `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map used to build inclusion proofs. | -| `circuit_digest_meta` | **YES (control)** | Persists the active circuit's digest so boot can detect a breaking change (migration 0015). | -| `latest_block` | derived | scanner resume cursor; re-derivable from the tip. | -| `usernames` | NO | human handles, not proof-dependent. | -| `account_history`, `state_update_log`, `request_log` | NO | append-only historical evidence, never feeds proof construction. | -| `jobs` | NO (terminal rows are history) | dispatcher only acts on non-terminal states. | -| `pending_inscriptions` | NO | scanner-side bookkeeping. | -| `coin_proof_store` | NO | unused schema groundwork, no production INSERT. | -| on-disk `PROOFS_DIR/.bin` | **YES** | per-send `CoinProof` blobs. | - -### 3.2 The field-change consequence (cross-ref Doc 2) - -The SMT/MMR roots are **hashes**. If the port keeps **Goldilocks** (recommended), the -Poseidon-over-Goldilocks root encoding is unchanged and the 32-byte root bytes are stable — -so the *root values* survive, only the *proofs over them* are invalidated. If the port moves -to **BabyBear/KoalaBear** (deferred Phase 9), the field and hash change and the root **byte -encoding may change**, which would re-encode every SMT leaf and MMR root. **Doc 2 is -authoritative on the exact byte impact;** this playbook only states the cutover consequence: - -> **Either way, the proof blobs (`accounts.proof`, queued `CoinProof`s, distributed recipient -> proofs) are ALL invalidated by the backend change.** The repo already proves this is -> unrecoverable per-account: the global SMT/MMR are append-only and shared across accounts, -> keyed by on-chain commitment pubkeys in MMR-append order, so they cannot be partially -> unwound per account without a global-vs-account mismatch that breaks soundness -> (migration 0015/0016 rationale; `node/src/self_heal.rs`). - -### 3.3 Migration ordering - -The repo already encodes the canonical ordering for a breaking circuit change — **reuse it**: - -1. The cutover build ships a **reset migration** modelled on - `0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql`: `DELETE FROM accounts; smt_state; - mmr_state; mmr_root_index; latest_block; circuit_digest_meta;`. sqlx applies it exactly - once per database (`_sqlx_migrations`), firing on the first deploy that carries it - (`develop → DEV`, `main → PRD`). -2. On boot, `node/src/self_heal.rs` sees no persisted digest → runs the canary → - `NoSample` on the empty `accounts` table → `Baseline` records the **new Plonky3 circuit - digest**. No new code path is introduced. -3. `PROOFS_DIR` orphans are inert (no surviving row references them) and are garbage-collected - by `reset_proof_store_dir` on the reset path. - -> **Do NOT hand-write a bespoke state transform.** The genesis-reset path is the only -> provably-consistent recovery and it is already integration-tested. If Goldilocks is kept and -> someone argues the roots could be preserved: they cannot, because the *proofs that attest to -> those roots* are invalid, and the node feeds `account.proof` back recursively on the very -> next transition. - ---- - -## 4. Account migration — checkpoint vs dual-verify - -Existing accounts have **Plonky2-proof histories** (`account.proof` is a Plonky2 blob, fed -recursively). The question: can they continue under Plonky3, or do they need a re-anchor? - -### Option A — Hard checkpoint (genesis reset) ◀ **RECOMMENDED** - -Reset all proof-dependent state to genesis at cutover (§3.3). Every account starts from a -fresh Plonky3-rooted state; balances re-mint from the publisher as needed. - -- **Pros:** the only **provably-consistent** path; already implemented and integration-tested - (`self_heal`, `reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`, migration 0016); zero new circuit code; - zero dual-prover complexity in steady state. -- **Cons:** discards existing on-chain-anchored balances; requires re-seeding. **Acceptable - here** because DEV and PRD are **closed test environments** (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test - environment") and the operator has previously authorised a PRD genesis wipe for exactly this - class of breakage (migration 0016 header). - -### Option B — Dual-verify transition window - -Build a Plonky3 circuit that can verify a Plonky2 inner proof for one transition, so existing -accounts "re-anchor" their first Plonky3 transition on top of their last Plonky2 proof, then -continue pure-Plonky3. - -- **Pros:** no balance loss; no re-seed. -- **Cons:** requires an **in-circuit Plonky2 verifier inside the Plonky3 circuit** — a - cross-proof-system recursion gadget that does not exist upstream and is far beyond a backend - port (it is a research effort). The Phase-0 gate already showed cross-layer threading is the - hard part of Plonky3 recursion; bolting a foreign verifier on top multiplies that risk. - **Out of scope for a backend port.** - -### Recommendation - -**Choose Option A (hard checkpoint / genesis reset).** It is the repo's established, -provably-consistent, already-tested recovery for a breaking circuit change, and a proof-system -swap is the maximal breaking change. Option B's only benefit (balance continuity) is -irrelevant in closed test environments and its cost (a cross-system in-circuit verifier) is -disproportionate and research-grade. **Re-evaluate Option B only if zkCoins is at mainnet with -real balances that cannot be re-seeded** — a decision for the operator, not the porting team. - ---- - -## 5. Downtime plan - -### 5.1 Maintenance mode - -`[VERIFY: the node has no internal maintenance flag (grep of node/src found drain/shutdown -plumbing but no admin "maintenance" toggle).]` Achieve maintenance mode by **either**: - -- **Edge (no code change):** serve a 503 maintenance page at the Cloudflare layer in front of - `dev-api.zkcoins.app` / `api.zkcoins.app`, OR -- **Service (preferred, one-line):** add a `ZKCOINS_DRAIN=1` env gate in the Phase-6 - integration PR that makes the admit handlers (`jobs_mint`, `jobs_send`) return 503 while - read endpoints (`/api/balance`, `/api/history`, `/api/info`, `/health`) stay up. Record the - chosen mechanism here once it lands. - -`/health` (liveness) returns 200 the moment the listener binds; `/health/ready` returns 503 -with `prover: warming` during the ~10–30 s prover warmup (`node/src/runtime.rs`, -`AppState::prover_warm`). Rolling deploys rely on this. - -### 5.2 Expected window - -| Phase | What's unavailable | Expected duration | -|---|---|---| -| Drain (§2) | new mint/send admits | ≤ 2 min active drain | -| Snapshot (§6.1) | writes paused | ~1 min (DB dump) | -| Switch + boot (deploy + genesis-reset migration + prover warmup) | full write path | image pull + `docker compose recreate` + **~10–30 s prover warmup** | -| Smoke (§8) | — (read-only checks) | ~1–2 min | - -**Total user-facing write outage: a few minutes**, dominated by deploy/recreate + warmup, not -by proving. **Read endpoints can stay up** the entire time if maintenance mode only gates the -admit handlers. - -### 5.3 User-facing messaging - -- Pre-announce a maintenance window (T-1d and T-1h) on the wallet status channel. -- During: maintenance 503 body should say "scheduled maintenance, balances will be - re-initialised" so wallets do not interpret a post-reset zero balance as data loss. -- After: post a "maintenance complete, please re-sync" notice. Because of the genesis reset - (§4), wallets must treat their local state as stale and re-hydrate `numPubkeys` from - `/api/balance` (`num_sends`). - ---- - -## 6. Rollback plan - -### 6.1 Pre-switch snapshot (mandatory) - -Before the switch, snapshot the **old (Plonky2) state** so a rollback restores byte-for-byte: - -```bash -# On the deploy host, BEFORE the genesis-reset migration runs: -pg_dump --format=custom "$DATABASE_URL" > zkcoins_pre_cutover__.dump -# And the on-disk proof store: -tar czf proofs_pre_cutover__.tgz "$PROOFS_DIR" -``` - -`[VERIFY: exact DATABASE_URL / PROOFS_DIR values are host-side env; do not hardcode. The -deploy host runs a restricted forced-command shell (only allowlisted command names) — the -snapshot must be taken via an allowlisted maintenance command or by the operator with direct -host access, NOT via the CI deploy key.]` - -### 6.2 Rollback triggers - -Roll back **immediately** on any of: - -- A §1 parity gate that was green pre-freeze goes red after the switch (a proof fails to verify - in production). -- Warm-prove budget blown in production (`probe_r2` or live job latency > 5 s p50 sustained). -- Broadcast / inscription errors from the publisher attributable to the new proofs. -- `self_heal` reset-looping (boot keeps resetting) — indicates the new circuit digest is - unstable. - -### 6.3 Point of no return - -**The first Plonky3 proof committed on-chain** (the first `broadcasting → completed` send/mint -after the switch). Before that point: nothing irreversible has happened on-chain; restoring the -Plonky2 snapshot + redeploying the Plonky2 image is a clean revert. After that point: a new -Plonky3-rooted on-chain commitment exists with the `4242` prefix, and reverting to the Plonky2 -snapshot means **abandoning** those post-cutover commitments (acceptable in a closed test env; -they become inert history). The on-chain format is identical either way (§0.1), so a rollback -does not strand the scanner. - -### 6.4 Reversible vs not - -| Reversible | Not reversible (without abandoning post-cutover commits) | -|---|---| -| DB + proof-store state (restore the §6.1 snapshot) | On-chain inscriptions produced by Plonky3 proofs after T-0 | -| The deployed image (redeploy the Plonky2 tag) | — | -| The genesis reset (snapshot pre-dates it) | — | - -### 6.5 Revert procedure - -1. Stop admitting (maintenance mode). -2. Drain any in-flight Plonky3 jobs (§2, same procedure, Plonky3 prover). -3. Restore the §6.1 snapshot (`pg_restore --clean` + untar `PROOFS_DIR`). -4. Redeploy the **Plonky2 image** — revert the cutover commit on the target branch so the - normal deploy workflow ships the previous image: - - DEV: revert on `develop` → `Deploy DEV` workflow fires. - - PRD: revert on `main` → `Deploy PRD` workflow fires. - Because the genesis-reset migration is `_sqlx_migrations`-tracked, the **restored** DB - predates it, so re-deploying the old image does not re-trigger a reset. -5. Boot: `self_heal` sees the restored Plonky2 digest == the Plonky2 build's digest → `Keep` - fast path. Confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true`. Smoke (§8). - ---- - -## 7. DEV dry-run rehearsal (DEV ONLY — never PRD) - -Rehearse the **entire** cutover on **DEV (`dev-api.zkcoins.app`, Mutinynet)** before -touching PRD. **Never target PRD or any other production host in the rehearsal.** The branch flow is -`feature → staging → develop (→DEV deploy) → main (→PRD deploy)`. - -### 7.1 Deploy mechanism (real, from `.github/workflows/`) - -- **DEV:** workflow **`Deploy DEV`** (`.github/workflows/deploy-dev.yaml`), trigger: - `push` to `develop`, **or** `workflow_dispatch` with a boolean input **`reset_state`**. - The workflow builds `zkcoins/node:beta`, SSHes a single allowlisted command (`zkcoins-node`, - or `reset-zkcoins-node` when `reset_state=true`), then polls - `https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/health/ready` until `ready:true`, then runs the - **"API E2E against DEV"** job (the 47-test `api_remote` suite). -- **PRD:** workflow **`Deploy PRD`** (`.github/workflows/deploy-prd.yaml`), trigger: - `push` to `main` or `workflow_dispatch`; `cancel-in-progress: false` (PRD deploys queue, - never killed mid-recreate). -- **CI gate:** workflow **`CI`** (`.github/workflows/ci.yaml`) — Lint & Build + the - "Tests + Coverage Gate (M3 Ultra, 100% lines + functions)" heavy job. - -Trigger a manual DEV reset deploy (the rehearsal's reset step) with: - -```bash -gh workflow run "Deploy DEV" --ref develop -f reset_state=true -gh run watch # follow build → deploy → smoke → API E2E -``` - -### 7.2 Rehearsal steps - -1. **Land the dual-prover build on `develop`** (default backend = Plonky2). The `Deploy DEV` - workflow ships it to DEV. Confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true` and "API E2E against DEV" - is green. -2. **Scripted baseline cycles (Plonky2).** Run a scripted set of mint → send → commit cycles - against DEV and capture state: - ```bash - ZKCOINS_API_URL=https://dev-api.zkcoins.app \ - cargo test -p node --release --all-features --test api_remote -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture - # plus an explicit balance/history snapshot for continuity comparison: - curl -s "https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/balance?address=0x" - curl -s "https://dev-api.zkcoins.app/api/history?address=0x&limit=50" - ``` -3. **Drain rehearsal (§2).** Enter maintenance mode, cancel `queued`, let `proving`/ - `broadcasting` finish, verify the non-terminal-jobs SQL query returns empty, **and time it** - (this measurement feeds §5.2 / §8's downtime estimate). -4. **Snapshot (§6.1).** Take the `pg_dump` + `PROOFS_DIR` tar on the DEV host. -5. **Switch.** Flip the backend to Plonky3 (cutover commit on `develop`, which carries the - genesis-reset migration) and let `Deploy DEV` ship it. Boot path: genesis-reset migration → - `self_heal` baselines the new digest → prover warmup → `/health/ready` ready. -6. **Verify state continuity / re-seed.** Confirm accounts are at genesis, re-run the scripted - mint → send → commit cycles **under Plonky3**, confirm they complete and the new on-chain - `4242` inscriptions appear (scanner picks them up). Run `probe_r2` against the real DEV - parameters and confirm the warm budget. -7. **Exercise the rollback (§6.5)** on DEV: restore the §7.2.4 snapshot, redeploy the Plonky2 - image (revert on `develop`), confirm `self_heal` takes the `Keep` path and the pre-cutover - balances/history are back byte-for-byte. -8. **Measure the real downtime window** from step 3 (start of maintenance) to step 6 - (`ready:true` under Plonky3). Record it — this is the number to communicate for the PRD - window. - -**Exit criterion for the rehearsal:** steps 1–8 all pass, the measured downtime is acceptable, -and the rollback restored DEV cleanly. Only then schedule the PRD cutover. - ---- - -## 8. Cutover-day timeline (T-minus runbook) - -Times are illustrative; the **drain/warmup numbers come from the §7 DEV rehearsal**. Each PRD -step mirrors a step already rehearsed on DEV. - -### T-7d — Freeze - -- All §1 parity gates green on the frozen Plonky3 build. Pins recorded in Doc 4. -- Freeze the merge train: no commits to `develop`/`main` except the cutover PR. -- DEV rehearsal (§7) completed end-to-end including rollback. - -### T-1d — Final parity + comms - -- Re-run §1 in full on the exact image that will deploy to PRD. -- `probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --persist` on the reference host → budget green. -- Send T-1d maintenance notice (§5.3). -- Confirm the §6.1 snapshot path/command works on the PRD host (dry-run the `pg_dump`). - -### T-1h — Pre-flight - -- T-1h maintenance notice. -- Confirm `Deploy PRD` workflow is idle and the queue is empty. -- Confirm publisher wallet has UTXOs (the deploy's preflight checks `>= 50_000` sats on DEV; - PRD needs the same headroom for post-cutover re-seed mints). - -### T-0 — Cutover (PRD) - -1. **Maintenance mode on** — stop admitting new jobs (§5.1). -2. **Drain** (§2): cancel `queued`; let `proving`/`broadcasting` finish; confirm the - non-terminal-jobs query is empty (modulo `awaiting_signature`, handled per §2.3). -3. **Snapshot** (§6.1): `pg_dump` + `PROOFS_DIR` tar, taken by the operator on the PRD host - (NOT via the CI deploy key). -4. **Switch**: merge the cutover commit to `main` → `Deploy PRD` fires (queued, never - cancelled). The image ships; the genesis-reset migration runs once; `self_heal` baselines - the new Plonky3 digest; prover warms (~10–30 s). -5. **Smoke** (§8.x): the deploy workflow polls `https://api.zkcoins.app/api/info` (200) — then - manually confirm `/health/ready` → `ready:true`, run one mint → send → commit, confirm the - new `4242` inscription is broadcast and the scanner integrates it. -6. **Maintenance mode off** — resume admits. -7. **Point of no return passed** once the first Plonky3 mint/send reaches `completed` on-chain - (§6.3). Before this, rollback is clean; after, rollback abandons post-cutover commits. - -### T+0 to T+1h — Intensive monitoring - -- Watch live job latency (`jobs` table `created_at → completed_at`) vs the 5 s warm budget. -- Watch `prover_health` (consecutive `prove failed` count) — any sustained failure arms the - boot self-heal and is a rollback trigger. -- Watch the publisher / scanner for broadcast errors on the new proofs. -- Confirm no `self_heal` reset-loop on subsequent boots. - -### T+1d — Stabilisation - -- Re-run `probe_r2 --persist` and confirm the budget holds under real load. -- Confirm DEV and PRD are both on the Plonky3 backend, digests stable. -- Retain the §6.1 snapshots until T+7d, then archive. -- Update Doc 4 with the live pins and close the cutover. - ---- - -## Appendix A — Quick command reference - -```bash -# Parity: circuit tests (ported crate) [VERIFY crate name] -cargo nextest run -p zkcoins-program-plonky3 --release - -# Parity: full node heavy gate (CI's authoritative suite) -cargo llvm-cov nextest --release -p node -p shared --all-features \ - --test-threads 8 -E 'not binary(api_remote)' - -# Parity: API E2E against a deployed env -ZKCOINS_API_URL=https://dev-api.zkcoins.app \ - cargo test -p node --release --all-features --test api_remote -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture - -# Budget: warm-prove harness -./target/release/probe_r2 --warm-calls 20 --warm-budget-ms 5000 --persist - -# In-flight jobs (non-terminal) -psql "$DATABASE_URL" -c "SELECT public_id,kind,status FROM jobs \ - WHERE status NOT IN ('completed','failed','cancelled') ORDER BY created_at;" - -# Snapshot (operator on host, before reset migration) -pg_dump --format=custom "$DATABASE_URL" > zkcoins_pre_cutover.dump -tar czf proofs_pre_cutover.tgz "$PROOFS_DIR" - -# DEV deploy + reset (rehearsal) -gh workflow run "Deploy DEV" --ref develop -f reset_state=true && gh run watch - -# PRD deploy = merge to main → "Deploy PRD" fires automatically -``` - -## Appendix B — `[VERIFY]` items to resolve before execution - -1. Exact ported circuit-test count (brief says 121; `program-plonky2` currently ~131). -2. The dual-prover selector name (cargo feature / env var) created by the Phase-6 PR. -3. Plonky3 crates compile on the pinned `rust-toolchain` (edition-2024 upstream). -4. The maintenance/drain mechanism (edge 503 vs a `ZKCOINS_DRAIN`-style env gate). -5. Whether `commit` on an `awaiting_signature` Plonky2 proof re-invokes the prover after a - Plonky3 boot (governs §2.3 — leave-in-place vs drain). -6. Host-side snapshot command compatible with the restricted forced-command deploy shell - (snapshot must NOT go through the CI deploy key). -7. Doc 2's verdict on whether a Goldilocks-vs-BabyBear field choice re-encodes the 32-byte - SMT/MMR roots (governs whether §3/§4 is "proof-blob reset only" or "full root re-encode"). diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8886e94..00000000 --- a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_FORMAT_MIGRATION.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,364 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky2 → Plonky3 Wire & Storage Format Migration - -**Doc 2 of the Plonky3 migration documentation set.** This document is authoritative on the -**on-disk and on-the-wire byte formats** affected by switching the zkCoins node's proving -backend from Plonky2 (Goldilocks) to Plonky3. It answers one question precisely: *when the -proof system — and possibly the underlying field — changes, which stored/transmitted bytes -change, which stay byte-identical, and what coordination (DB reset, SDK bump) each delta -forces.* - -**Companion docs (referenced, not duplicated):** - -- **Doc 1 — `PLONKY3_CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK.md`** — the production runbook. It *references this - doc's conclusions* for the format/field consequences; §3–§4 there give the operational - procedure (drain, snapshot, genesis reset, rollback). This doc gives the byte-level *why*. -- **Doc 3 — Crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain.** -- **Doc 4 — `PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md`** — pinned revs / fork policy. -- **`MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`** — the Phase-0 feasibility gate and the field - recommendation (stay Goldilocks for Phases 1–8; defer BabyBear/KoalaBear to Phase 9). -- **`MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md`** §5.3 / §5.4 — hash-function and Schnorr-boundary decisions. -- **`SPEC.md`** §2.1, §13, §D3 — protocol hash, server-side compute, on-chain commitment. - ---- - -## 0. The single load-bearing fact - -> **The proof bytes are never posted on-chain, and the on-chain `4242` inscription encodes -> nothing proof-system-specific.** It carries a BIP-340 Schnorr *signature* over a 32-byte -> SHA-256 digest of two protocol hashes. Therefore the proving backend (Plonky2 → Plonky3) -> can change with **zero on-chain wire-format change** — *as long as the 32-byte -> serialisation of the `asth`/`ocr` Poseidon digests is preserved*. - -The whole migration's format-safety reduces to that proviso. Keeping **Goldilocks** preserves -the 32-byte serialisation verbatim → the on-chain format and the SDK/Schnorr boundary are -**untouched**. Moving to **BabyBear** changes the field-element byte packing → it ripples into -the Schnorr message and **forces a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump**. The rest of this document -proves both halves of that claim from the code. - ---- - -## 1. What's stored where — concrete inventory - -All persistence is Postgres (`node/migrations/0001`–`0016`) plus one on-disk file store. Binary -blobs are `BYTEA`; structured blobs are `bincode`-serialised Rust types. - -### 1.1 Proof blobs - -| Artifact | Location | Serialisation | Proof-system-specific? | -|---|---|---|---| -| Per-account recursive proof | `accounts.data` `BYTEA` (the bincode of `Account`, whose field `proof: Option` — `node/src/account_node.rs:51`) | `bincode` of `Account` ⊃ `Proof` | **YES** | -| Queued / distributed send proofs | `accounts.data` → `Account.coin_queue: Vec`; and the on-disk file store | `bincode` of `CoinProof` (`node/src/account_node.rs:42`) | **YES** | -| Per-send `CoinProof` files | `PROOFS_DIR/.bin` (`ProofStore`, `node/src/router.rs:552`, `add_proof`/`get_proof` use `bincode::serialize`/`deserialize`) | `bincode` of `CoinProof` | **YES** | -| Circuit digest (control) | `circuit_digest_meta.digest` `BYTEA` (migration `0015`) | `bincode` of `HashOut` (4 field elements) | **YES** | -| `coin_proof_store` table | migration `0008` | groundwork only — **no production INSERT** (see `db.rs:reset_proof_dependent_state_tx` doc-comment) | N/A (empty) | - -The proof type itself is the workspace alias: - -``` -// script-plonky2/src/lib.rs:51 -pub type Proof = ProofWithPublicInputs; // F = GoldilocksField, C = PoseidonGoldilocksConfig -``` - -`ProofWithPublicInputs` serialises its FRI openings, Merkle caps and public inputs **as -field elements of `F`**. Changing `F` (Goldilocks → BabyBear) changes this type's entire -serialised shape. But this blob is **closed-environment only** — it lives in Postgres and on -local disk, is never transmitted to the wallet for verification (the node is the sole verifier, -`SPEC.md` §13 server-side compute), and is **never** placed on-chain. - -### 1.2 Account / SMT / MMR state (the hash-rooted state) - -| Table | Column | Stores | Encoding | -|---|---|---|---| -| `accounts` | `address` `BYTEA PRIMARY KEY` | 32-byte account address (a Poseidon `HashDigest`) | `digest_to_bytes` (see §2) | -| `accounts` | `data` `BYTEA` | bincode of `Account` (balance, proof, coin_history `SparseMerkleTree`, …) | bincode | -| `smt_state` | `data` `BYTEA` (singleton `id=1`) | global commitment Sparse Merkle Tree | bincode of `SparseMerkleTree` | -| `mmr_state` | `data` `BYTEA` (singleton `id=1`) | global Merkle Mountain Range of SMT roots | bincode of MMR | -| `mmr_root_index` | `prev_mmr_root` `BYTEA PK`, `smt_root` `BYTEA`, `leaf_index` `BIGINT` (migration `0004`) | `prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index)` map for building inclusion proofs | each root via `digest_to_bytes` (`db.rs:646–647`, `750–751`, `1430–1431`) | -| `latest_block` | `block_hash` `BYTEA` | scanner resume cursor | raw 32-byte hash (re-derivable from tip) | - -The SMT leaves and MMR roots are **Poseidon `HashDigest` values**, serialised to bytes by the -single canonical function in §2. Their byte stability across the migration is therefore *exactly* -the byte stability of `digest_to_bytes` under a field change. - -### 1.3 On-chain inscription payload (`4242`) - -The on-chain footprint is a single Taproot inscription whose **commit-tx txid is mined to begin -with the prefix `4242`** (`publisher.rs::inscription_txs`, up to 400 000 nonce attempts; -README §"Taproot inscription broadcast"). Its payload is the `bincode` of a `Commitment`: - -``` -// shared/src/commitment.rs:17 -pub struct Commitment { - pub public_key: secp256k1::PublicKey, // BIP-340 / secp256k1 - pub signature: schnorr::Signature, // BIP-340 Schnorr - pub message: Vec, // 32-byte digest (see below) -} -``` - -There is **no proof, no field element, no Plonky2/Plonky3 artifact** in this struct. It is a -secp256k1 public key, a Schnorr signature, and a 32-byte message. The scanner -(`scanner.rs::scan_for_inscriptions`) filters txids by the `4242` prefix, extracts the -inscription content, `bincode`-deserialises it as `Commitment`, and calls `verify()`. Nothing in -that path knows which proof system produced the state being committed. - -The `message` is built once, here: - -``` -// shared/src/lib.rs:85 (ClientAccount::create_commitment) -let combined = hash_concat(account_state_hash, output_coins_root); // Poseidon two-to-one -Commitment::new(&self.current_private_key(), digest_to_bytes(&combined).to_vec()) -``` - -i.e. `message = digest_to_bytes( H(asth ‖ ocr) )`, a 32-byte value, which `Commitment::new` -signs as a BIP-340 Schnorr message (`SHA256` is applied internally only when `message.len() -!= 32`; here it is exactly 32, so the stored message **is** the signed digest). This matches the -SPEC/cutover statement `SHA256(serialize(asth) ‖ serialize(ocr))` at the protocol level — note -the in-code variant feeds the two digests through one Poseidon `hash_concat` first, then -serialises; either way the inputs are the same two Poseidon digests and the boundary is `serialize -= digest_to_bytes`. - -**Conclusion (1.3):** the on-chain format is proof-system-agnostic. Its *only* dependency on the -proving stack is the byte value of `digest_to_bytes(...)` of Poseidon digests — i.e. §2. - ---- - -## 2. The field-element byte encoding — the hinge of the whole migration - -Everything above that "depends on the field" depends on exactly one pair of functions -(`program-plonky2/src/hash.rs`): - -``` -pub type HashDigest = HashOut; // F = GoldilocksField → 4 × 64-bit limbs = 256 bits - -pub fn digest_to_bytes(d: &HashDigest) -> [u8; 32] { - for (i, e) in d.elements.iter().enumerate() { - out[i*8 .. (i+1)*8].copy_from_slice(&e.0.to_be_bytes()); // 8 bytes BE per element - } -} -pub fn digest_from_bytes(bytes: &[u8; 32]) -> HashDigest { /* inverse, 8-byte BE chunks */ } -``` - -A `HashDigest` is **4 Goldilocks field elements, each emitted as 8 big-endian bytes → exactly -32 bytes**. This 32-byte string is the canonical wire/storage shape used for: - -- account addresses (`accounts.address`), -- SMT leaves and MMR roots (`mmr_root_index`, the bincode'd trees), -- the Schnorr message (`create_commitment` → on-chain `4242` inscription), -- the `circuit_digest_meta` digest (bincode of the same `HashOut`). - -### Why the field choice changes this - -`Goldilocks` is a **64-bit** field (`p < 2^64`), so 4 elements pack naturally into 4 × 8 = 32 -bytes, and a 256-bit Poseidon digest is exactly 4 elements. `BabyBear` (and `KoalaBear`) are -**31-bit** fields. To carry the same ~256-bit digest you need **8 elements of ~31 bits**, and a -field element no longer fills an 8-byte lane. Any faithful `digest_to_bytes` for BabyBear must -therefore change: different element count, different limb width (4-byte lanes), different padding. - -**The byte string `digest_to_bytes(asth)` is not preserved across a Goldilocks→BabyBear change.** -Because that byte string is (a) the SMT/MMR root encoding *and* (b) one half of the on-chain -Schnorr message, a BabyBear move re-encodes the stored roots **and** changes the on-chain signed -digest — the latter is the SDK-coordination trigger (§4). - -`[VERIFY: the exact BabyBear digest→bytes scheme (8×u32-BE? packed-31-bit? domain-tagged?) is a -Phase-9 design decision, not yet written. Whatever it is, it MUST be specified jointly with -zk-coins/sdk because the wallet recomputes the same bytes to sign — see §4.]` - ---- - -## 3. Existing Plonky2 proofs in the DB — can they be migrated? - -**No — they are historical-only after cutover, and the only consistent path is a genesis reset.** - -### 3.1 Why old proofs cannot be re-verified post-cutover - -A stored `Proof` (`accounts.data → Account.proof`, queued `CoinProof`s, `PROOFS_DIR/*.bin`) is a -`ProofWithPublicInputs`. The Plonky3 node ships a -**different verifier** (different proof system; on BabyBear, also a different field). A Plonky3 -verifier cannot verify a Plonky2 proof. Worse, zkCoins is **recursive**: each transition feeds -the account's prior proof back as the *inner* proof (`account_node::send_coins_inner`). So a -stale proof is not merely un-verifiable in isolation — the **next** send/mint hands it to the new -circuit's witness generator, which aborts. This exact failure mode is the documented incident -behind migrations `0015`/`0016` (Plonky2 witness generator aborting with a copy-constraint -conflict on a stale `account.proof`). - -### 3.2 The three theoretical options - -| Option | Feasible? | Verdict | -|---|---|---| -| **(a) Keep old proofs as immutable history + checkpoint** (don't re-verify; reset proof-dependent state to a fresh Plonky3 genesis; preserve append-only log tables as evidence) | **Yes** — already implemented (`reset_proof_dependent_state_tx`, migration `0016`, `self_heal`) | **RECOMMENDED** | -| **(b) Re-prove the old state under Plonky3** | **No** — re-proving needs the original *witness* (spend secrets, in-coin source witnesses), which the node does not retain; only the proof + public outputs survive | Impossible | -| **(c) Dual-verifier window** (Plonky3 circuit verifies a Plonky2 inner proof for one re-anchor transition) | Technically conceivable, but requires an **in-circuit Plonky2 verifier inside a Plonky3 circuit** — a cross-proof-system recursion gadget that does not exist upstream and is research-grade (Doc 1 §4 Option B) | Out of scope for a backend port | - -### 3.3 Recommendation (cross-ref Doc 1 §4) - -**Adopt (a): a hard checkpoint / genesis reset**, exactly mirroring Doc 1's account-migration -recommendation (Option A). The append-only audit tables (`account_history`, -`state_update_log`, `request_log`, terminal `jobs` rows) are **preserved as immutable history**; -the proof-dependent set (`accounts`, `smt_state`, `mmr_state`, `mmr_root_index`, -`circuit_digest_meta`, `latest_block`, and the `PROOFS_DIR` files) is reset to genesis. The -operator has previously authorised exactly this class of wipe for DEV **and** PRD, both being -closed test environments (CONTRIBUTING § "Closed test environment"; migration `0016` header). - -This holds **regardless of field choice**: even staying on Goldilocks — where the *root bytes* -would be byte-stable — the *proofs that attest to those roots* are invalidated by the proof-system -change, and the global SMT/MMR are append-only and shared across accounts (keyed by on-chain -commitment pubkeys in MMR-append order), so they cannot be partially unwound per account without a -global-vs-account soundness mismatch (migration `0015`/`0016` rationale; `node/src/self_heal.rs`). - ---- - -## 4. Field-change serialisation impact — Goldilocks vs BabyBear - -The two field options have **very different format blast radii**. The proof blob is invalidated in -both cases (§3); the difference is whether the *digest byte-encoding* — and therefore the on-chain -format and the SDK — also changes. - -### 4.1 Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 (recommended for Phases 1–8) - -| Item | Changes? | Notes | -|---|---|---| -| `digest_to_bytes` / 32-byte digest shape | **NO** | `F` unchanged → 4 × 8-byte-BE packing identical | -| `accounts.address` bytes | **NO** | same digest encoding | -| SMT leaf / MMR root **byte values** | **NO** (encoding); proofs over them **invalid** | roots survive byte-for-byte but are reset anyway (§3.3) | -| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **NO** | wallet signing is byte-identical | -| On-chain `4242` inscription format | **NO** | `Commitment` is field-agnostic; message bytes unchanged | -| **SDK bump required?** | **NO** | wallet's `createCommitment` produces identical bytes | -| Proof blob (`accounts.data`, `CoinProof`, `PROOFS_DIR`) | **YES** (invalidated) | different proof system; closed-env only, reset by genesis migration | -| `circuit_digest_meta` value | **YES** | new circuit ⇒ new digest; re-baselined by `self_heal` | - -→ **Goldilocks reduces the format migration to a proof-blob reset only.** No SDK coordination, no -on-chain change. This is the dominant reason Doc 1 / the Phase-0 gate recommend staying on -Goldilocks for the port. - -### 4.2 BabyBear-on-Plonky3 (deferred Phase 9) - -| Item | Changes? | Notes | -|---|---|---| -| `digest_to_bytes` / digest shape | **YES** | 31-bit field ⇒ 8 elements, 4-byte lanes; new packing (§2) | -| `accounts.address` bytes | **YES** | re-encoded; reset by genesis migration anyway | -| SMT leaf / MMR root byte encoding | **YES** | Poseidon-over-BabyBear ⇒ different root bytes | -| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **YES** | the **signed bytes change** | -| On-chain `4242` inscription format | **payload bytes change** | the `Commitment.message` (the signed digest) is different; the *envelope/prefix* mechanism is unchanged, but what is signed is not | -| **SDK bump required?** | **YES — coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` release** | the wallet must compute the *same* new digest bytes to sign; a stale SDK signs the old encoding and the node rejects the commitment | -| Proof blob | **YES** (invalidated) | different field + proof system | -| `circuit_digest_meta` value | **YES** | new circuit + new digest type (`HashOut`) | - -→ **BabyBear forces a lock-step `zk-coins/sdk` bump.** The wallet independently reconstructs -`digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` to produce its Schnorr signature; if the field encoding changes on -the node but not in the SDK, every commitment the wallet posts is over the wrong 32-byte message -and `Commitment::verify()` in the scanner rejects it. This is the **only** thing in the entire -migration that crosses the wallet boundary — and it is triggered *solely* by the field change, not -by the Plonky2→Plonky3 switch itself. - -`[VERIFY: confirm the SDK's commitment-message construction is the only wallet-side consumer of -the field encoding. From the node side, the wallet's sole field-dependent input is the -asth/ocr→32-byte digest it signs; the SDK does not run a verifier. Confirm against the -zk-coins/sdk source (out of this repo's tree) before any Phase-9 field flip.]` - ---- - -## 5. Migration-script sketch - -The repo **already ships the canonical breaking-change recovery** — do not hand-write a bespoke -state transform. Reuse migration `0016`'s shape and the `self_heal` boot path. - -### 5.1 The reset migration (model on `0016_reset_proof_dependent_state_to_genesis.sql`) - -```sql --- 00NN_reset_proof_dependent_state_for_plonky3_cutover.sql --- Mirror of reset_proof_dependent_state_tx (node/src/db.rs) and migration 0016. --- Fires exactly once per database via _sqlx_migrations: develop → DEV, main → PRD. - -DELETE FROM accounts; -- carries the stale Plonky2 account.proof -DELETE FROM smt_state; -- global commitment SMT (proofs attest to it) -DELETE FROM mmr_state; -- global MMR of SMT roots -DELETE FROM mmr_root_index; -- prev_mmr_root → (smt_root, leaf_index) map -DELETE FROM latest_block; -- scanner cursor, re-derived from the tip -DELETE FROM circuit_digest_meta; -- cleared, NOT rewritten: a SQL migration cannot - -- know the live circuit's runtime-computed digest --- Deliberately PRESERVED: usernames, account_history, state_update_log, --- request_log, jobs (terminal rows = history), coin_proof_store (empty groundwork), --- pending_inscriptions (scanner bookkeeping). -``` - -### 5.2 Boot path — no new code (`node/src/self_heal.rs`) - -After the reset migration runs, the first boot of the Plonky3 image follows the existing -adoption branch — **no new code path is introduced**: - -1. `circuit_digest_meta` is empty → `persisted == None`. -2. `self_heal::reset_decision(None, canary)` runs the canary recursion; on the empty - `accounts` table the canary returns `NoSample` → decision = `Baseline`. -3. `Baseline` records the **new Plonky3 circuit digest** (`HashOut` of the live circuit). -4. `reset_proof_store_dir(PROOFS_DIR)` drops orphaned `*.bin` files; `ProofStore::new` resumes - `next_id` cleanly (files are id-addressed, no surviving row references them). - -```rust -// Conceptual boot sequence (already implemented; shown for orientation, do not re-add): -match self_heal::reset_decision(persisted_digest, account_node.canary_recursion()) { - ResetDecision::Reset => { db::reset_proof_dependent_state_tx(&pool, &live_digest).await?; - self_heal::reset_proof_store_dir(&proofs_dir)?; } - ResetDecision::Baseline => { /* fresh genesis: record live_digest, drop PROOFS_DIR orphans */ } - ResetDecision::Keep => { /* unchanged digest: steady state */ } -} -``` - -### 5.3 Re-anchor - -There is no on-chain re-anchor to perform at cutover: the genesis reset starts from an empty SMT/MMR, -and balances re-mint from the publisher on demand. The **first** post-cutover send/mint produces the -first Plonky3-rooted `4242` inscription (Doc 1 §6.3 "point of no return"). Because the inscription -*format* is unchanged for Goldilocks (and only the signed-digest bytes change for BabyBear), the -scanner integrates the new commitments with no scanner-side format change. - -### 5.4 BabyBear-only addendum - -If (and only if) Phase 9 flips to BabyBear, the cutover release must be **co-released with a -`zk-coins/sdk` version that emits the new `digest_to_bytes` encoding** (§4.2). Sequence: ship the -SDK update to wallets *first* (or gate the node to accept only the new encoding at a known block -height), so no wallet signs the old 32-byte message after the node starts expecting the new one. -This step is **absent** from a Goldilocks cutover. - ---- - -## 6. Compatibility matrix - -Artifact × field option × {format change? · SDK bump? · on-chain impact?}. -"Invalidated" = the value cannot be reused and is reset by the genesis migration (§5), independent -of byte-encoding. - -| Artifact | Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 | BabyBear-on-Plonky3 | -|---|---|---| -| Proof blob (`accounts.data → Account.proof`, `CoinProof`, `PROOFS_DIR/*.bin`) | **Invalidated** · no SDK bump · no on-chain impact | **Invalidated** · no SDK bump · no on-chain impact | -| `digest_to_bytes` 32-byte encoding | **Unchanged** · no SDK bump · none | **Changed** (8×31-bit packing) · **SDK bump** · changes signed digest | -| `accounts.address` bytes | **Unchanged** (reset anyway) · — · none | **Changed** (reset anyway) · — · none | -| SMT leaf / MMR root encoding (`mmr_root_index`, bincode trees) | **Unchanged encoding**, proofs invalid → reset · no SDK bump · none | **Changed encoding** → reset · no SDK bump · none | -| Schnorr message `digest_to_bytes(H(asth‖ocr))` | **Unchanged** · **no SDK bump** · **on-chain SAFE** | **Changed** · **SDK bump REQUIRED** · signed digest differs | -| On-chain `4242` inscription (`Commitment` envelope + txid prefix) | **Unchanged** · no SDK bump · **SAFE** | Envelope/prefix unchanged; **signed message bytes change** · SDK bump · scanner verifies new bytes | -| `circuit_digest_meta.digest` | **Changed** (new circuit) · no SDK bump · none | **Changed** (new circuit + `HashOut` type) · no SDK bump · none | -| Append-only history (`account_history`, `state_update_log`, `request_log`, terminal `jobs`) | **Preserved** · — · — | **Preserved** · — · — | - ---- - -## 7. Verdict & open `[VERIFY]` items - -**Verdict.** -- **On-chain `4242` format is SAFE across the migration** — the inscription encodes only a - BIP-340 Schnorr signature, a secp256k1 pubkey, and a 32-byte digest; nothing proof-system- - specific. It survives the Plonky2→Plonky3 switch with zero format change *provided the - digest's 32-byte encoding is preserved*. -- **Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 preserves that encoding** → no SDK bump, no on-chain change; the format - migration collapses to a **proof-blob genesis reset** (already implemented). -- **BabyBear-on-Plonky3 does NOT preserve it** → it re-encodes the asth/ocr digest, changing the - Schnorr message bytes and **forcing a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk` bump**. This is the *only* - wallet-crossing consequence in the whole migration, and it is driven purely by the field change, - not by the proof-system change. - -**Open `[VERIFY]` items:** -- `[VERIFY]` The exact BabyBear digest→bytes scheme (element count, limb width, padding, - domain-tag) — a Phase-9 design decision, to be specified jointly with `zk-coins/sdk` (§2, §4.2). -- `[VERIFY]` That the SDK's commitment-message construction is the sole wallet-side consumer of the - field encoding, confirmed against the `zk-coins/sdk` source before any field flip (§4.2). -- `[VERIFY]` The `Proof` serialised shape under Plonky3-Goldilocks vs Plonky3-BabyBear (FRI config, - Merkle cap height) — needed for any future *typed* proof-store schema, but irrelevant to the - reset path since blobs are wiped (§1.1, §3). diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63471b6d..00000000 --- a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_MIGRATION_AUDIT_SUMMARY.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 Migration — Full Audit Summary (2026-06-06) - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Pins:** `Plonky3` @ `56952503…`, `Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d…`. -**Scope:** 13 empirical probes (T, U, V, W, X, X′, Y, Z, AA + recursion-reduction AB/AC/AD/AE — -all real proving except U, a labelled projection) + 5 engineering docs. **33 spike tests green.** - -> **HEADLINE + APPLIED RESOLUTIONS.** Three design decisions are resolved here (heuristic: -> the variant most consistent with the existing project), not left open: -> 1. **Field = BabyBear** (KoalaBear ruled out by AD). -> 2. **MAX_IN_COINS stays 8** — reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is NOT consistent -> with the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; all wallets/SDK are calibrated to 8; a UX regression -> for speed is not professional). The N=4 lever is therefore **not pursued**. -> 3. **Port (Phases 1–8) = HOLD** — this engagement is research-only by mandate; no port started. -> -> With MAX_IN_COINS kept at 8, the recommended config is **N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI**: `/api/send` -> send-prove **1.93 s = 2.25× faster** than Plonky2 (4.35 s), e2e **~7.5 s ≈ 1.3× faster** than -> the ~10 s live. The 64-bit inner FRI is a **port-phase conditional gate** (queued auditor -> recursion-composition sign-off — consistent with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit posture); -> in research mode it is not a blocker. So the wash recovers **without any UX regression**. - -## The honest verdict in one table - -| Dimension | Plonky2 (measured) | Plonky3 (measured/projected) | Verdict | -|---|---:|---:|---| -| Single state-transition warm prove | 4.35 s | **0.31 s** (T, production crypto) | **10–14× faster** ✅ | -| Recursion/aggregation 8+1, q=100 (in-circuit STARK-prove) | (included in 4.35 s) | **4.0 s** non-zk (X) | dominates 🔴 | -| `/api/send` prove, **N=8 q=100** (today, no change) | 4.35 s | **4.25 s** | wash 🟡 | -| `/api/send` prove, **N=8 q=48** (RECOMMENDED — keep 8 + 64-bit inner) | 4.35 s | **1.93 s** | **2.25× faster** ✅ | -| `/api/send` **e2e** (recommended config) | ~10 s | **~7.5 s** | **~1.3× faster** ✅ | -| *(N=4 q=48 = 1.31 s / 3.32× — NOT pursued: rejects MAX_IN_COINS=8→4 UX regression)* | | | | -| Full `/api/mint` populated e2e | ~7 s | **~3–5 s** (U, projection) | **~2× faster** ✅ | -| Cold start (build + first prove) | 14.4 s | **0.37 s** (Y) | **38.7× faster** ✅ | -| Circuit build | 8.2 s | **1.5 ms** (Y) | ~5600× ✅ | -| Peak RSS | 3.94 GB | 0.7–2.3 GB | **~2× lighter** ✅ | -| Verify (native) | — | 9.6 ms; proof **1.76 MB** (Z) | proof size is a cost ⚠️ | -| 1000-prove soak | — | +2.7 % drift, no leak (AA) | **stable** ✅ | -| Field: KoalaBear vs BabyBear | — | aggregation 2.1× slower (AD) | **stay BabyBear** | - -**Why the send was a wash — and how it recovers (without a UX regression):** the recursion -verifier is hash-dominated (in-circuit FRI/Merkle), so the per-transition small-field win -doesn't carry. The applied fix shrinks the recursion work via **fewer inner FRI queries** -(q=100→48 = 2.4×, inner soundness 116→64 bits, a port-phase auditor gate) while **keeping -MAX_IN_COINS=8** (the N=4 slot-reduction lever is rejected — it would degrade user UX for -speed). That alone lifts `/api/send` from wash to **2.25× faster prove / ~1.3× e2e**. Probe X is -a **lower bound** (carrier-proxy inner proofs are lighter than the real circuit), so -real-circuit figures may be higher; the recommended config should be re-measured on the ported -circuit during Phase 5. - -## Feasibility (unchanged GO) - -The carrier-table-chain construction (Path 1+5) **works end-to-end**: cross-layer state -threading (probe_q/r), full 8+1 aggregation STARK-prove via the low-level -`prove_all_tables` path (probe_x — upstream **#436 is not a blocker** for this route), -mixed-degree multi-table `prove_batch` under HidingFriPcs (probe_t). Public-API-only, no fork. - -## What the migration buys today — and what it doesn't - -**Buys:** 38.7× cold-start (operational restarts, scaling, dev velocity), ~2× memory, -~2× faster mint, no-leak stability, an actively-developed backend (future GPU/perf), -and the carrier construction proven sound (audit spec: Doc 3). -**Buys (with the applied resolutions — keep MAX_IN_COINS=8, 64-bit inner FRI as a port-phase -gate):** a faster `/api/send` — **2.25× prove / ~1.3× e2e**, with NO UX regression. (The richer -3.32× tier would need MAX_IN_COINS=4, which is rejected.) At today's protocol fully unchanged -(q=100) it stays a wash. Costs: 1.76 MB proofs (vs Plonky2's ~100 KB class `[VERIFY: exact -Plonky2 proof size]`), an unaudited upstream in the TCB (Doc 4), and an SDK/Schnorr-boundary -change for BabyBear (Doc 2 — Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 avoids the SDK change but forfeits most of -the field-driven speed win; KoalaBear ruled out by Probe AD). - -## The lever analysis — RESOLVED (Probes X′, AB, AC, AD, AE) - -Full detail: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md`. -- **Same-vk batching (X′) — DEAD.** Independent source proofs can't share the in-circuit FRI - verifier (1.00–1.01× vs flat); the 4.1× co-proving floor is protocol-unreachable. -- **Circuit-friendly inner hash (AB) — already banked.** The baseline already uses Poseidon2 - inner-MMCS; `verify_batch_circuit` is Poseidon2-only. Zero headroom (it was never lost). -- **ZK-only-outer (AB) — ≈ 0 ms.** Hiding vs non-hiding inner verification is within noise. -- **Cheaper inner FRI (AB) — REAL, 2.4×.** q=100→48 (inner 116→64 bits). `[VERIFY-1]`: needs a - recursion-composition soundness argument (full-strength outer dominating 64-bit inners). -- **MAX_IN_COINS (AC) — REAL, near-linear (~448 ms/coin).** 8→4 ≈ halves aggregation, no - soundness question. `[VERIFY-2]`: protocol-visible (sends cap at 4 in-coins). -- **KoalaBear (AD) — RULED OUT.** Transition 1.26× faster but the dominant aggregation 2.1× - slower (20 vs 13 partial rounds in the recursion verifier). **Stay BabyBear.** -- **Composed best config (AE):** MAX_IN_COINS=4 + q=48 → send-prove **1.31 s (3.32× faster)**, - e2e **6.91 s (1.45×)**. Residual e2e floor = the **~5.6 s prover-agnostic node overhead** - (out of prover scope — a separate optimization workstream). - -**Conclusion: the send-side speed case IS recoverable WITHOUT a UX regression** — via the -64-bit inner-FRI lever alone (2.25× prove / ~1.3× e2e), keeping MAX_IN_COINS=8. The earlier -"wash" holds only at today's fully-unchanged protocol (q=100). - -## Applied resolutions (heuristic: most consistent with the existing project) - -These are **decided**, not open escalations: - -1. **Field: BabyBear** — KoalaBear ruled out by AD (aggregation 2.1× slower). Goldilocks-on-Plonky3 - avoids the SDK bump but forfeits the win. BabyBear needs a coordinated `zk-coins/sdk`/Schnorr - bump (Doc 2); on-chain `4242` format is unaffected. -2. **MAX_IN_COINS: KEEP 8** — reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is inconsistent with - the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; wallets/SDK calibrated to 8). The N=4 lever (3.32×) is **not - pursued**; a speed-for-UX trade is not professional here. -3. **64-bit inner FRI: conditional gate, queued to the port phase.** It needs a cryptographer's - recursion-composition sign-off (`[VERIFY-1]`, Doc 3 auditor checklist) — but it is consistent - with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit security posture, so it is the recommended target, gated - on that sign-off at port time. In research mode it is **not a blocker**. -4. **Port (Phases 1–8): HOLD.** This engagement is research-only by explicit mandate ("we don't - start a migration, only research"). No port was started; HOLD is the only consistent answer. - When/if a port is authorized later, it proceeds on the operational wins - (cold-start/memory/mint/stability) plus the no-UX-regression 2.25× send-prove win, with the - 64-bit inner-FRI sign-off as its first gate. - -## Artefact index - -- Probes: `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_{t,v,w,x,y,z,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae}*.rs` (+ q/r/s/x_prime and 17 earlier; 33 tests green) -- Bench memos: `scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-{t,u}-*.md`, `plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-*.md`, `plonky3-recursion-reduction-*.md` -- Gate memo: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (banner + §Fair Performance Comparison) -- Docs: `docs/migration/PLONKY3_{CUTOVER_PLAYBOOK,FORMAT_MIGRATION,CARRIER_TABLE_AUDIT_SPEC,UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE}.md` -- Plan: `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (PR #211); chosen direction + e2e proof: PR #214. - -**Honesty boundary (applies to every number above):** Probes T/X/U use cost-faithful -representative workloads (right hash count, gate count, degree, commitment, fan-in) — -NOT the semantically-ported circuit (that is Phases 1–8). U is a composition of measured -parts, not a live wired service. Each artefact carries its own boundary statement. diff --git a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md b/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md deleted file mode 100644 index 13143510..00000000 --- a/docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,340 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 Upstream Maintenance Plan (Doc 4) - -> **Scope.** This document governs how zkCoins consumes the **unaudited, pre-1.0, -> fast-moving** `Plonky3` and `Plonky3-recursion` git dependencies that the Plonky3 -> migration (Path 1+5 — custom public-value-emitting *carrier* tables) rides on. It -> covers rev pinning, the safe rev-bump procedure, pinned-rev CI, breaking-change -> detection, upstream issue/PR tracking, re-pin cadence/ownership, and the (excluded) -> fork policy. -> -> **Companion docs.** `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` (the plan; §16 = hard-stop / -> no-fork rule), `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` (Phase-0 gate + the 21 -> probes), `../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md` (the 9-path analysis → -> Path 1+5), Doc 3 (crypto-audit spec for the carrier-table chain). -> -> **Date:** 2026-06-06. **Status:** active for the duration of the Plonky3 port and -> for as long as the production prover depends on these git revs. - ---- - -## 1. Why pinning is mandatory - -The Plonky3 family is **not** a stable dependency, and our usage compounds every -reason to pin: - -- **Unaudited.** Neither `Plonky3` nor `Plonky3-recursion` has a published security - audit. Doc 3 audits **our** construction — the carrier-table IVC chain, the - cross-layer public-value binding, the masking/vk-binding glue — it does **not** - audit upstream's FRI, batch-STARK prover, circuit builder, or recursion verifier - internals. **The trusted computing base includes upstream code that no one has - audited.** Treat every byte of `p3-*` as load-bearing-but-unverified. -- **Pre-1.0, git-only.** The recursion crates are not on crates.io; there is no - semver contract, no release cadence, no deprecation policy. A `main`-branch HEAD - can change a public type, a trait bound, or a soundness-relevant default between - any two commits. -- **Edition 2024.** The spike crate is `edition = "2024"` - (`spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml`). Edition-2024 churn (and the matching - minimum toolchain) is itself a moving target; a rev bump can raise the required - `rustc`. [VERIFY: confirm the production `rust-toolchain.toml` / CI toolchain meets - the edition-2024 minimum before the first real `program-plonky3`/`prover-plonky3` - port lands — CI is pinned to `1.81.0` today, see §3.] -- **Fast-moving.** Active maintainers, frequent commits, open redesigns. The feature - our whole approach depends on (PR #407, "support public values") merged - **2026-03-19**; the bug we route around (#436) is recent. This is a repo in motion. - -### The coupled-rev constraint (non-negotiable) - -The two revs are **not independent**. From `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml`: - -``` -Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b (HEAD 2026-06-06) -Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 -``` - -> "The Plonky3-main rev is dictated by what Plonky3-recursion was built against (its -> workspace pins exactly this rev); using any other rev would give two incompatible -> copies of the `p3-*` types and break unification." - -`Plonky3-recursion`'s own workspace pins exactly the `Plonky3`-main rev it compiles -against, and the recursion crates **share `p3-*` types** with that main rev. If we -pin a *different* `Plonky3`-main rev than the one recursion expects, Cargo resolves -**two incompatible copies** of `p3-field`, `p3-air`, `p3-commit`, etc. — types that -look identical but do not unify, producing either a hard compile error or (worse) a -silent split where a value crosses a boundary it shouldn't. **The two revs move as a -single unit. Never bump one without bumping the other to its matching partner (§2).** - -### Reproducible builds - -Pinning a git **rev** (not a branch, not a tag) plus a committed `Cargo.lock` is what -makes the prover's binary — and therefore the proofs it emits — reproducible. For a -ZK system this is a soundness-adjacent property: the exact constraint system, the -exact FRI parameters, and the exact verifier semantics are fixed by the rev. A -floating branch would let the proof format and verification semantics drift under us -between builds. **No floating branches. Ever.** - ---- - -## 2. Rev-bump strategy - -A rev bump is a **deliberate, reviewed, fully re-tested change** — never a routine -`cargo update`, never automated, never silent. - -### When to bump - -Bump only for a concrete, named reason: - -1. **Security fix.** Upstream lands a fix for a soundness or memory-safety bug that - touches a code path we use (FRI, batch-STARK prover, recursion verifier, - public-value binding). This is the only *urgent* class. -2. **A needed feature.** e.g. a future **native cross-layer public-input API** (the - ergonomic "mark circuit PI as public output" bridge described as Path 2 in - `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SOLUTIONS_RESEARCH.md`) that would let us replace or simplify - the hand-built carrier-table construction; or a value-emitting NPO backend. -3. **Performance.** A measured prover speedup relevant to the ≤5 s warm-prove budget - (the budget-gating number per the spike is the link-circuit STARK-prove, ≈3.2 s - class — see `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md`). - -Do **not** bump for "newer is better." A bump that buys nothing only adds unaudited -delta to the TCB. - -### How to bump SAFELY — checklist - -Run this exactly, in order. Stop at the first failure and escalate (§5/§7). - -- [ ] **1. Identify the candidate recursion rev.** Note WHY (security / feature / - perf) and link the upstream commit or PR. -- [ ] **2. Read the recursion rev's workspace to find its matching `Plonky3`-main - rev.** Open `Cargo.toml` / the workspace manifest at that recursion rev and read - the exact `Plonky3`-main rev it pins. **This is the partner rev — it is not a - free choice.** (Today: recursion `524665d…` ↔ main `5695250…`.) -- [ ] **3. Bump BOTH revs together** in every `p3-*` dependency line, recursion → its - partner main rev. Verify every `git = "…/Plonky3"` line shares one rev and every - `git = "…/Plonky3-recursion"` line shares the other. (A stray un-bumped line is - exactly the two-incompatible-copies failure from §1.) -- [ ] **4. Update `Cargo.lock`** (`cargo update -p p3-recursion --precise ` style - or regenerate) and commit it. The lock is the source of truth (§3). -- [ ] **5. Run the FULL spike suite — all 21 probes:** - `cargo nextest run -p plonky3-recursion-spike`. All must stay green. -- [ ] **6. WATCH THE PINNED `[0,0,0]` GUARD PROBES SPECIFICALLY.** These three are - *pinned* assertions (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`) that encode the - primitive-table behavior our carrier construction reasons about: - - `probe_d_multilayer_carry` - - `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` - - `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` - - A flip in any of them means **the primitive-table / public-value plumbing - changed upstream**. That is not a test to "fix" — it is a **breaking-change - detector firing**. If one flips: STOP. Re-validate the entire carrier - construction (Doc 3 audit assumptions) against the new behavior before adopting - the bump. See §4. -- [ ] **7. Confirm `probe_q_custom_public_value` and `probe_r_carrier_chain` still - pass.** These prove the **positive** capability our approach relies on (custom-AIR - public value crosses a batch layer; the depth-4 carrier chain threads - `V_3 == V_0 + 3`). If `probe_q`/`probe_r` *break* while the `[0,0,0]` guards - *also* change, the public-values feature (PR #407) may have been reverted or - reworked — that forces a full re-evaluation of the approach (§4/§5). -- [ ] **8. Check upstream issue #436's status** (multi-layer recursion - `WitnessConflict` at layer ≥2). If our chain depth grows and #436 is still open, - re-run the deepest carrier-chain probe (`probe_r_carrier_chain`, and Probe X once - it exists — the full `MAX_IN_COINS=8` carrier chain) to confirm we don't hit it. -- [ ] **9. Re-run the real-port build** (`program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3`) and its - tests against the new pins; re-run the pinned-rev CI job (§3). -- [ ] **10. Record the bump in the decision log** (§6): old→new revs, reason, probe - results, who approved. - -Only after all ten: the bump is adopted. - ---- - -## 3. Pinned-rev CI - -Today the spike is **excluded from the root workspace** (`Cargo.toml` `exclude = -[ "spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike", … ]`) and therefore **excluded from main CI** — -the heavy Plonky3 git deps never enter the `node`/`shared` build. That is correct -**for the throwaway spike**. - -For the **real port**, `program-plonky3` and `prover-plonky3` will be normal -workspace members that depend on the pinned `p3-*` crates, so CI must build against -the exact pins and **fail on unexpected rev drift**. - -### Lock discipline - -- **`Cargo.lock` is committed and authoritative.** It records the resolved git rev - for every `p3-*` crate. A bump is a reviewed change to `Cargo.lock` (§2), never an - incidental side effect of an unrelated `cargo update`. -- CI builds with **`--locked`** so a dirty/regenerated lock fails the job instead of - silently resolving a new rev. - -### A pinned-rev CI job (shape) - -Add a job (e.g. `plonky3-pins`) to `.github/workflows/ci.yaml` that runs only when -`program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` or their lock entries change: - -1. **Assert the expected revs before building.** Keep the two canonical revs in one - place (a small `scripts/check-plonky3-pins.sh`, or a workflow `env` block) and grep - `Cargo.lock` for them; **fail loudly if the resolved rev differs** from the - expected pin. This is the *unexpected-drift* gate — it catches an accidental bump - that slipped past review. - - Expected pins (update these only via the §2 procedure): - ``` - PLONKY3_RECURSION_REV=524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b - PLONKY3_MAIN_REV=56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 - ``` -2. **Cache the git deps.** CI already caches `~/.cargo/registry` and **`~/.cargo/git`** - keyed on `hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock')` (see `ci.yaml`). Because the pins are exact - revs, the cache key changes **only** when the lock changes — i.e. only on a - deliberate bump — so the expensive `p3-*` git checkout + compile is cached across - normal runs. -3. **Build + test against the pins, `--locked`:** - `cargo build -p prover-plonky3 --locked` and the relevant `cargo nextest run` - targets. [VERIFY: final crate names `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` once the - port lands.] -4. **Toolchain coupling.** The job pins the same `rustc` the rest of CI uses - (`dtolnay/rust-toolchain` — `1.81.0` today). A rev bump that needs a newer edition-2024 - toolchain must bump the toolchain in the **same** PR, so the pin and the compiler - move together. [VERIFY: edition-2024 minimum vs `1.81.0`.] - -The drift gate is the point: **CI fails if the built rev is not the reviewed rev.** -A bump is then the *only* way to change what CI builds, and it goes through §2. - ---- - -## 4. Breaking-change detection - -We have a built-in canary system and a proactive drift check. Use both. - -### The regression-guard probes (canaries) - -Three probes are **pinned** to `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`: -`probe_d_multilayer_carry`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, -`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`. They assert the *current* primitive-table behavior: -that a `CircuitBuilder` circuit's public inputs and a primitive/aggregation leaf's -values are **not** surfaced as AIR public values across a batch layer. Our carrier -construction is designed precisely around that fact (it routes the threaded value -through a **custom** public-value-emitting table instead). **If a guard probe flips -red, the primitive-table behavior changed upstream and the carrier construction's -core assumption may no longer hold** — re-validate against Doc 3's audit assumptions -before trusting any proof built on the new rev. - -The positive-capability probes (`probe_q_custom_public_value`, -`probe_r_carrier_chain`) are the other half: they must stay green for the approach to -be viable at all. - -### Periodic upstream drift check (monthly) - -Independently of any planned bump, run a **monthly "upstream drift check"** to surface -breakage **early, without adopting it**: - -1. On a **throwaway branch**, bump the recursion rev to upstream **HEAD** and the main - rev to HEAD's matching partner (§2 step 2). -2. Run the full 21-probe spike suite. -3. **Read the result, do not merge.** This branch is discarded. Its only job is to - tell us, weeks ahead of time, whether an upcoming bump will: - - flip a `[0,0,0]` guard (primitive-table behavior changed), - - break `probe_q`/`probe_r` (the public-values channel changed/reverted), - - hit #436 (multi-layer `WitnessConflict`), - - or raise the toolchain / break compilation. -4. File a tracking note in the decision log (§6) with the HEAD rev tested and the - outcome. - -This converts "upstream surprised us mid-port" into "we saw it a month early." - -### Signals that force a re-evaluation - -Any one of these halts routine maintenance and triggers a design review: - -- **A guard probe flips.** Primitive-table behavior changed → re-validate the carrier - construction (Doc 3). -- **#436 gets fixed** → the high-level/multi-layer aggregation API may become usable - → reconsider whether the low-level carrier construction is still the right call (the - carrier chain exists partly to route *around* #436). -- **PR #407 gets reverted or reworked** → the public-values feature is the foundation - the **entire** Path 1+5 approach rides on; a change there means the whole approach - needs review, possibly a fallback to Path 3 (Sonobe) per the solutions research. - ---- - -## 5. Upstream issue/PR tracking - -We **depend on** one upstream change and **route around** another. Track both, and -have a process for filing new ones — **never patch in-tree** (§7). - -| Upstream item | Repo | Relationship | What it gives / costs us | Action if it changes | -|---|---|---|---|---| -| **PR #407** "feat: support public values" (merged 2026-03-19, in pinned rev `524665d`) | `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | **DEPEND ON** | The per-instance, cross-layer, soundly-bound public-value channel. The carrier construction (Path 1+5) **only exists because of this.** `probe_q` reproduces it. | If reverted/reworked: STOP. Whole approach under review (§4). Re-evaluate Path 3 (Sonobe) fallback. | -| **#436** "Multi-Layer Recursion WitnessConflict at layer ≥2" (closed without MRE) | `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` | **AVOID** | The high-level aggregation API bug the carrier chain is built to sidestep. Our carrier chain (`probe_r`) threads explicitly to avoid relying on the broken path. | If genuinely **fixed**: re-evaluate using the high-level API directly (it may simplify or replace the carrier construction). Until then, keep validating our chain doesn't hit it as depth grows. | - -[VERIFY: confirm #436's current state (closed/open, fixed or not) before each -re-evaluation — it was "closed without MRE" as of the solutions research.] - -### Filing NEW upstream issues (the no-fork process) - -When the port hits an upstream gap, bug, or missing-feature: - -1. **STOP** — do not patch `p3-*` in-tree, do not vendor, do not fork (§7). -2. **Reproduce minimally** — a small probe or MRE in the spike crate (the spike is the - right home for upstream-facing reproductions). -3. **File upstream** against `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` (or `Plonky3/Plonky3`), with - the MRE and the exact pinned rev. (Active maintainers; the repo responds.) -4. **Record** the issue/PR number in the tracking table and the decision log (§6). -5. **Escalate to the operator** if the gap blocks the port — the decision to wait, - re-architect (Path 3), or commission a self-authored upstream PR (Path 2) is an - **operator decision**, not an in-tree workaround. - ---- - -## 6. Re-pin cadence + ownership - -- **Owner.** The Plonky3-migration maintainer owns the pin: the rev pair, the bump - procedure (§2), the monthly drift check (§4), the upstream tracking table (§5), and - the decision log. [VERIFY: assign a named CODEOWNERS entry for - `program-plonky3` / `prover-plonky3` / `docs/migration/` and the pinned-rev CI job.] -- **Review cadence.** Re-review the pin **monthly**, coinciding with the drift check - (§4). Bump only on a §2 trigger — monthly review does **not** mean monthly bumping; - most months should conclude "HEAD tested in throwaway, no reason to bump, staying on - `524665d`/`5695250`." -- **Decision log.** Append-only, in this directory: - `docs/migration/PLONKY3_PIN_DECISIONS.md` [VERIFY: create on first bump]. Each entry: - date · old→new rev pair · trigger (security/feature/perf/drift-check) · 21-probe - result (esp. the three `[0,0,0]` guards + `probe_q`/`probe_r`) · #436 status · who - approved. The drift-check (no-bump) results land here too, so the log is the single - history of "what upstream was doing and what we did about it." - ---- - -## 7. Fork policy — forking is EXCLUDED - -**Forking `Plonky3` or `Plonky3-recursion` is out of scope, per -`../../MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §16 (hard-stop / no-fork rule).** This is restated in the -spike result's escape-route analysis and in the solutions research (Path 8 — "Fork + -maintain" — surfaced only for completeness, ⚠️ excluded by §16, inferior to Path 1+5 -which needs no fork and Path 2 which upstreams the change). - -Concretely: - -- **No in-tree patches** to `p3-*` crates. No `[patch.crates-io]` / `[patch."https://…"]` - pointing at a private fork. No vendored-and-edited copies. -- An upstream gap is handled by the §5 process: **STOP → reproduce → file upstream → - escalate to the operator.** The carrier construction (Path 1+5) was chosen - *specifically* because it needs no fork — everything it touches is public/unsealed - API on the pinned rev. -- **If upstream truly blocks the port** (a guard probe flips and the carrier - construction can't be re-validated; #407 is reverted; a needed fix never lands), the - resolution is an **operator decision** among: hold on the current pin, pursue the - Path 2 self-authored *upstream* PR, or switch to the Path 3 (Sonobe) IVC fallback — - **never a silent fork.** Protocol-touching or verification-semantics-touching - changes are an explicit §16 STOP-and-escalate. - ---- - -### Quick reference — the canonical pin - -``` -Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b -Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 -``` - -Bump only via §2. Verified in CI via §3. Watched via §4 (the `[0,0,0]` guards: -`probe_d_multilayer_carry`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`, -`probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`). Logged via §6. Never forked (§7). diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md deleted file mode 100644 index e5cecae2..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-t-real-circuit-m5-max-2026-06-06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,157 +0,0 @@ -# Probe T — real-circuit Plonky3 prove-cost estimate (the migration decision number) - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory. -**Date:** 2026-06-06. -**Toolchain:** `RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native"`, `--release`. NEON-packed BabyBear -(`PackedMontyField31Neon`), 18 rayon threads. -**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`, -`Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`. -**Test:** `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs`, -`fn probe_t_real_circuit_bench` (`cargo nextest run probe_t_real_circuit_bench ---release --no-capture`). - -## What this is — and the proxy boundary (NOT blurred) - -This is the best **honest measured** estimate of the real zkCoins -state-transition circuit's Plonky3 prove cost under **TRUE production crypto**. - -The real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2 (`program-plonky2/src/circuit/`: -`main.rs` 3882, `smt.rs`, `sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, `source_aggregator.rs`, -`merkle/`). Probe T does **NOT** port that business logic. It builds a -**cost-faithful representative workload** that reproduces the real circuit's -prove-cost DRIVERS — Poseidon2 hash count (~4500), non-hash gate count (~50k), -committed trace area, constraint degree (degree-7), and the ZK commitment -scheme — but **not** its meaning (no balance conservation, nullifier -uniqueness, or SMT-membership semantics). Prove cost in a FRI-STARK is governed -by trace dimensions x constraint degree x commitment scheme, which this -matches; business-logic constraints add gates *within* these tables without -changing the cost class. **It is a cost proxy, an explicit non-proxy for -soundness.** - -## Production-crypto config (reused verbatim from Probe V, confirmed to verify at degree-7) - -- AIR (hash table): `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, - VECTOR_LEN=8>`, cryptographic BabyBear round counts (4 half-full, 13 partial). -- MMCS: `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` over the Keccak sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), `SmallRng` masking. -- PCS: `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>`, `num_random_codewords = 4` (**TRUE ZK**). -- Challenger: `SerializingChallenger32>`. -- FRI: `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup 2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW). -- Field BabyBear, challenge `BinomialExtensionField`. - -## Table model - -1. **Hash table** = the degree-7 Poseidon2 AIR sized to ~4500 perms. At - `VECTOR_LEN = 8` perms/row that is ceil(4500/8) = 563 rows, rounded up to the - next power of two = **1024 rows** (8192 perms of capacity; the real count sits - just under). Fixed across the sweep. -2. **Non-hash arithmetic table** = a generic 16-column AIR with 12 - constraints/row (8 degree-3 `x^3` identities + 4 linear couplings) modelling - the ~50k non-hash gates. **Degree 3, deliberately:** the real circuit's - non-hash gates (range/boolean checks, Merkle/SMT path equalities, field - add/mul) are almost all degree 2–3; the degree-7 cost lives in the Poseidon2 - hash table, which is modelled with the real degree-7 AIR. (A raw `x^7` - identity in a plain AIR is also not committable under this FRI config — - blowup 2 caps constraint degree; the vectorized Poseidon2 AIR only reaches - degree 7 via per-S-box witness registers.) The table HEIGHT is **swept** over - {2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16} to **bracket** the unknown real layout. - -## Combination approach (a/b/c) — finding - -**Approach (a): real multi-table `prove_batch` (p3-batch-stark) WORKS with -HidingFriPcs + degree-7.** This is the empirical key result. A single batched -FRI proof over the degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table **and** the degree-3 arithmetic -table, under the Keccak-hiding MMCS + `HidingFriPcs` (`num_random_codewords=4`) -config, **prove_batch + verify_batch succeed**. batch-stark requires one -`Air + Clone` type for all instances and a `Val`-concrete builder; the -non-`Clone` `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` is wrapped in `Arc` behind a dispatch enum -(`TableAir`), with zero semantic change. Mixed per-instance constraint degrees -(7 for the hash table, 3 for the arith table) are handled natively by -batch-stark's per-instance quotient sizing. **(a) is the faithful production -proof shape and is the headline number.** - -**Approach (b): separate proofs, summed** = the hash table and the arith table -proved as two independent uni-stark proofs, warm times summed. Two separate -proofs cost strictly more than one batched proof (duplicated FRI -commit/query/PoW), so (b) is a conservative **upper bound**. Reported as a -sanity rail. (b) ≈ (a) here because the hash table is tiny (1024 rows) so -batching saves little FRI overhead at this scale — both land within ~1–2 %. - -Approach (c) (single combined AIR) was unnecessary given (a) verifies. - -## Results (warm, p50/p90; all proofs verify) - -One-time **config + AIR build: 0.07 ms** — the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's cold -circuit-build (**8.2 s** on the same host). Plonky3 has no circuit-compilation -step. This alone removes the entire Plonky2 cold-build tax. - -Hash table standalone: cold 189 ms / warm p50 **174.7 ms** / p90 193.5 ms / -RSS 562 MB. - -| arith height | constraints | (a) build | (a) cold | (a) warm p50 | (a) warm p90 | (a) RSS | (b) sum p50 (upper bound) | -|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| 2^13 | 98 304 | 0.6 ms | 309.8 ms | **311.9 ms** | 335.5 ms | 1135 MB | 317.5 ms | -| 2^14 | 196 608 | 0.6 ms | 445.3 ms | **448.7 ms** | 465.4 ms | 1726 MB | 448.1 ms | -| 2^15 | 393 216 | 0.6 ms | 732.1 ms | **734.7 ms** | 741.5 ms | 1856 MB | 738.1 ms | -| 2^16 | 786 432 | 0.7 ms | 1321.1 ms | **1306.7 ms** | 1314.6 ms | 2089 MB | 1289.9 ms | - -(The 786 432-constraint / 2^16 row case ran in full; no OOM, RSS ≈ 2.1 GB, well -under the 128 GB budget. The 5-warm-run protocol was kept at all sizes.) - -## Net vs Plonky2 (4.35 s warm p50, 3.94 GB) - -Primary estimate = (a) batched warm p50. - -| arith height | (a) warm p50 | verdict | factor | -|---:|---:|:--|---:| -| 2^13 | 311.9 ms | **FASTER** | 13.95x | -| 2^14 | 448.7 ms | **FASTER** | 9.69x | -| 2^15 | 734.7 ms | **FASTER** | 5.92x | -| 2^16 | 1306.7 ms | **FASTER** | 3.33x | - -Plonky3+BabyBear under true production crypto is **faster across the entire -sweep**, including the deliberately-inflated 2^16 ceiling. RSS is also lower at -every size (1.1–2.1 GB vs Plonky2's 3.94 GB). - -## Bottom line (honest) - -The real circuit's ~50k non-hash gates already fit **below** the sweep's LOW -end: at arith height 2^13 the table carries 98 304 constraints (> 50k), so the -real non-hash committed area sits between **2^13 and 2^14**. Taking **2^13 as -the realistic anchor** and 2^14 as a safe upper estimate: - -> **At the most likely real layout (arith ~2^13–2^14), Plonky3 + BabyBear under -> TRUE production crypto (degree-7 Poseidon2 + Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs, -> num_random_codewords=4) proves the real-circuit-equivalent workload in ≈ 312 ms -> warm p50 (≈ 449 ms at the 2^14 upper estimate), versus Plonky2's 4350 ms. -> That is ~10–14x FASTER, with ~2–3x lower peak memory, plus a near-zero -> circuit-build (0.07 ms vs 8.2 s).** - -This is a genuine win, not spin: it holds at every swept size and the realistic -layer sits at the fastest end of the sweep. The result is also conservative — -(b)'s independent-proof upper bound agrees with (a) to within ~1–2 %. - -### Caveats (the proxy boundary, restated) - -- **Cost proxy, not a port.** This measures prove cost for a workload with the - real circuit's hash count, gate count, area, degree, and ZK commitment — not - the real statement. Business-logic constraints (balance, nullifiers, SMT - membership) add gates *within* these tables; they do not change the trace area - or degree class, so the cost estimate holds, but soundness/correctness of the - real statement is out of scope here (covered by the semantic-port probes). -- **Hash count is an anchor (~4500), rounded up to 1024 rows (8192-perm - capacity).** If the real port needs materially more perms, the hash table - grows by power-of-two steps; each step roughly doubles the hash-table prove - time (still small in absolute terms at this scale). -- **Arith degree = 3.** If a non-negligible fraction of the real non-hash gates - turn out higher-degree, they would need the same witness-register decomposition - the Poseidon2 AIR uses; the cost effect is bounded and stays inside the swept - area bracket. -- **`SmallRng` masking** is benchmark-only; production hiding needs a CSPRNG. - This does not change prove cost. - -### Levers (only relevant if a future, heavier real layout flips the verdict — none needed today) - -All circuit-side, never external hardware: fewer Poseidon2 hashes; smaller -`MAX_IN_COINS`; circuit-level constraint optimization; the KoalaBear field; or -dropping in-coin recursion. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d933040a..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-probe-u-e2e-projection-m5-max-2026-06-06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -# Probe U — end-to-end `/api/send` + `/api/mint` Plonky3 projection (M5 Max) - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Date:** 2026-06-06. -**Status:** PROJECTION, not a live measurement. See honesty boundary below. - -## Honesty boundary — why this is a projection, not a live swap - -The literal task ("port the HTTP handler prove-path, replace the prover, measure -end-to-end against Mutinynet") requires a **working ported Plonky3 prover wired into -the node service**. That prover does not exist — building it is migration Phases 1–8 -(weeks; the real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2). There is nothing to plug into -`/api/send` yet. So Probe U **composes measured parts** into an honest end-to-end -estimate rather than faking a live number: - -- **prove cost** = measured Probes T (single transition) + X (8+1 recursion/aggregation), under BabyBear + production crypto. -- **node overhead** (network, state read/write, SMT/MMR growth, Bitcoin broadcast, signing round-trip) = derived from the measured Plonky2 live-vs-prove gap. - -## Measured inputs - -| Quantity | Value | Source | -|---|---|---| -| Plonky2 warm full-prove (MAX_IN_COINS=8) p50 | 4.35 s | `probe_r2` (README baseline) | -| Plonky2 live `/api/send` populated p50 | ~10 s | README baseline | -| Plonky2 live `/api/mint` populated p50 | ~7 s | README baseline | -| ⇒ **node overhead (send)** = 10 − 4.35 | **≈ 5.6 s** | derived | -| Plonky3 single state-transition (Probe T, non-zk) | 0.31 s | `probe_t_real_circuit_bench` | -| Plonky3 recursion/aggregation 8+1 (Probe X, non-zk) | 4.0 s | `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | -| Plonky3 recursion/aggregation 8+1 (Probe X, zk/hiding) | 6.7 s | `probe_x_aggregator_recursion` | - -The node overhead is **prover-agnostic** (it's I/O + chain + crypto-signing, unchanged -by the proof backend), so it carries across unchanged. - -## Projection - -**`/api/send` (populated, 8 in-coins → recursion-heavy):** - -| Backend | prove | + overhead | **e2e** | vs Plonky2 ~10 s | -|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| Plonky2 (today) | 4.35 s | 5.6 s | **~10 s** | 1× | -| Plonky3 non-zk | 0.31 + 4.0 = 4.3 s | 5.6 s | **~9.9 s** | ~wash | -| Plonky3 zk (hiding) | 0.31 + 6.7 = 7.0 s | 5.6 s | **~12.6 s** | **slower** | - -**`/api/mint` (few/no source in-coins → recursion-LIGHT):** mint does not aggregate 8 -source proofs, so the Probe-X aggregation cost mostly does not apply — the mint prove -is dominated by the single transition (Probe T class) plus at most the IVC predecessor -verify (1, not 8+1). Estimate the mint prove at ~0.3–1.5 s (T + one IVC verify) rather -than the full 4 s aggregation: - -| Backend | prove (est.) | + overhead (~2.6 s) | **e2e** | vs Plonky2 ~7 s | -|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| Plonky2 (today) | ~4.4 s | 2.6 s | **~7 s** | 1× | -| Plonky3 non-zk | ~0.3–1.5 s | 2.6 s | **~3–4 s** | **~2× faster** | -| Plonky3 zk | ~0.5–2.5 s | 2.6 s | **~3–5 s** | faster | - -(Mint overhead ≈ 7 − 4.4 ≈ 2.6 s; mint touches less state than send.) - -## Honest verdict - -- **`/api/send` is recursion-dominated → roughly a WASH (non-zk) or SLOWER (zk).** The - per-transition 10–14× win (Probe T) is consumed by the 8-way in-circuit aggregation - (Probe X). With the real Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier than the carrier proxy), - the full send likely tips **slower** than Plonky2. -- **`/api/mint` is recursion-light → likely ~2× faster.** This is a real e2e win. -- **Cold-start (Probe Y) is 38.7× faster** regardless of operation — no circuit-build. -- The user-facing headline latency (`/api/send`) is therefore **not improved by the - migration today**; the wins are cold-start, memory, mint, and future-proofing. - -## The decisive lever (future work) - -Probe X used a **flat 8+1** in-circuit verification (sum of 9 verifier areas). The -single biggest recovery lever is **batching the 8 source-proof verifications into one -shared verifier table / one FRI instance** instead of 9 independent ones, and/or -reducing `MAX_IN_COINS`. If the aggregation cost can be cut ~3–4×, the full send flips -to a clear win. This is the highest-value next probe (call it Probe X′) and should be -run before committing to the migration on speed grounds. Other levers: KoalaBear, -dropping in-coin recursion, circuit-level hash reduction — never external hardware. - -## Caveats -- Projection composes independent measurements; a real wired prover may differ (shared - setup, witness-gen overlap). Treat ±20% as the band. -- The carrier proxy's inner proofs are lighter than the real circuit → Probe X is a - **lower bound** on the real recursion cost → the send verdict is, if anything, - optimistic. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8886e76..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-recursion-reduction-m5-max-2026-06-06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,67 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 recursion-cost reduction — pre-port research (Probes AB/AC/AD/AE) - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB. **Date:** 2026-06-06. **Field:** BabyBear (NEON-packed), 18 threads. -**Question:** the full-audit verdict left `/api/send` a **wash** (recursion-dominated, Probe X: -8+1 aggregation = 4.0 s). Can any lever pull it out — without starting the port? - -## Answer: YES — staged by condition. The send-side speed case is recoverable. - -| Config | Aggregation | Send-prove (T + agg) | vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm | e2e send vs ~10 s live | Condition | -|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---| -| N=8, q=100 (today's protocol, full strength) | 3.94 s | 4.25 s | **wash (1.02×)** | wash | none | -| N=4, q=100 *(NOT pursued — UX regression rejected)* | 1.95 s | 2.26 s | 1.9× | 1.27× | protocol: MAX_IN_COINS 8→4 | -| **N=8, q=48 (RECOMMENDED — keep MAX_IN_COINS=8)** | 1.62 s | **1.93 s** | **2.25× faster** | **~1.3×** | auditor gate (port phase): 64-bit inner FRI | -| N=4, q=48 *(NOT pursued, Probe AE composed)* | 1.00 s | 1.31 s | 3.32× | 1.45× (6.91 s) | both above | -| N=1, q=48 (floor) | 0.40 s | 0.71 s | — | 1.58× (floor) | both + heavy UX cost | - -The AE number is a real composed measurement (both proves back-to-back per timed iteration, -transition half TRUE ZK via HidingFriPcs; all proofs verified), not a sum of estimates -(batch-vs-sum delta < 5% — the two STARK stacks share no FRI work, so the sum is honest). - -## Per-lever findings (each isolated empirically) - -1. **cheaper-inner-FRI (Probe AB) — THE effective lever: 2.4×.** Inner-proof FRI queries drive - the in-circuit Merkle-opening count ~linearly: q=100→48 gives 2.41× (inner soundness - 116→64 conjectured bits), q→30 gives 3.97× (46 bits — data point only, NOT deployable). - `[VERIFY-1]` the recursion composition argument (full-strength outer dominating 64-bit - inners) needs a cryptographer's sign-off before deployment (Doc 3 auditor checklist). -2. **MAX_IN_COINS sweep (Probe AC) — near-linear protocol lever.** ≈ 448 ms/source-coin over a - ≈ 350 ms fixed base (IVC predecessor + NPO tables). 8→4 halves the aggregation. No - soundness question — purely the protocol/UX decision `[VERIFY-2]`: sends cap at 4 in-coins - (wallets consolidate first or split the send). -3. **Poseidon2 inner-MMCS (Probe AB) — already banked, zero headroom.** The Probe-X baseline - ALREADY commits inner proofs with the field-native Poseidon2 MMCS; `verify_batch_circuit` - is Poseidon2-only (a Keccak-MMCS inner proof cannot be verified in-circuit at all on this - rev). The hoped-for "circuit-friendly hash" win was never lost. -4. **ZK-only-outer (Probe AB) — ≈ 0 ms.** Hiding-vs-non-hiding inner verification measures - 0.98–1.04× (within noise; +900 MB RSS for hiding inners). Adopt-or-not is free either way. -5. **KoalaBear (Probe AD) — ruled OUT, decisively.** Split result: transition 1.26× FASTER - (native degree-3 S-box, narrower leaf table), but the dominant 8+1 aggregation **2.1× - SLOWER** — its recursion-verifier Poseidon2 runs 20 partial rounds vs BabyBear's 13, and - 2-adicity 24 < 27. Both fields NEON-pack identically. **Stay on BabyBear.** - -## The residual bound - -Below ~1 s aggregation the e2e send is **dominated by the ≈ 5.6 s prover-agnostic node -overhead** (state/SMT, broadcast, signing round-trip — measured as live-minus-prove on -Plonky2). The circuit/protocol levers cannot touch it; the e2e floor is ≈ 6.3 s until the -node path itself is optimized (out of prover scope, separate workstream). - -## Revised migration verdict — APPLIED RESOLUTIONS (supersedes the "wash" headline) - -Decisions applied per the consistency heuristic (not open escalations): -- **MAX_IN_COINS: KEEP 8.** Reducing a user-facing feature for prove-time is inconsistent with - the project (Plonky2-Prod runs 8; wallets/SDK calibrated to 8). N=4 rows above are measured - data, NOT pursued. -- **RECOMMENDED config: N=8 + 64-bit inner FRI (q=48):** send-prove **1.93 s = 2.25× faster**, - e2e **~7.5 s ≈ 1.3× faster** — recovery WITHOUT a UX regression. The 64-bit inner FRI is a - **port-phase conditional gate** (queued auditor recursion-composition sign-off; consistent - with Plonky2-Goldilocks's own 64-bit posture) — not a research blocker. -- **Field: BabyBear** (KoalaBear ruled out by AD; Goldilocks forfeits the field-driven win and - only avoids the SDK bump, Doc 2). -- **Port (Phases 1–8): HOLD** — research-only mandate; no port started. - -Tests: `probe_ab_recursion_friendly`, `probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep`, `probe_ad_koalabear`, -`probe_ae_best_config` (33 spike tests green). Shapes are flat single-aggregator-layer — -a 2-to-1 tree costs strictly more, so all figures are conservative lower bounds. Probes are -cost-faithful proxies, not the semantic port (Phases 1–8); no port was started. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7e289471..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-spike-m5-max-2026-06-06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 recursion spike — single-layer cost (P0-T5) - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory. -**Date:** 2026-06-06. -**Toolchain:** nightly (rust-toolchain pin), `--profile dev` with `opt-level = 3`. -**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`, -`Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`. -**Field/hash:** Goldilocks, D=2, Poseidon2 width 8 / rate 4, 4-element digest. -**FRI params:** `log_blowup=2, max_log_arity=2, log_final_poly_len=1, query_pow_bits=8` -(spike defaults — untuned, chosen to keep prove time low while exercising the -real FRI/Merkle in-circuit verifier path). - -## Single recursion-layer cost (Probe A, trivial counter AIR) - -`prove_next_layer` over a `BatchOnly` predecessor proof: - -| Layer | Verifier-circuit `witness_count` | Prove time | -|------:|---------------------------------:|-----------:| -| 1 (verifies base counter circuit) | 25 567 | 1.17 s | -| 2 (verifies layer 1) | 104 630 | 4.65 s | -| 3 (verifies layer 2) | 107 957 | 4.66 s | -| 4 (verifies layer 3) | **107 957** (fixed point) | 4.67 s | - -**Per stabilized recursion layer: ≈ 4.65 s prove, witness_count 107 957.** - -## Peak memory - -Full 4-test spike suite (incl. parallel fan-in-4 aggregation): **peak RSS ≈ 1.04 GB**. -Upstream `recursive_fibonacci --field goldilocks --num-recursive-layers 5`: -peak RSS ≈ 0.51 GB. - -Both are ~50–60× under the 64 GB budget (`CONTRIBUTING.md` §hardware). - -## Reading these numbers - -- These are for a **trivial counter AIR** with **untuned FRI params**, so the - ~4.65 s is an *indicative recursion-layer overhead floor*, NOT a projection of - the real zkCoins state-transition prove time. The real circuit is far heavier; - recursion overhead is additive on top. -- The `≤ 5 s warm / ≤ 1 s ideal` budget applies to the full warm-prove of a real - transition, measured in Phase 8 via `probe_r2`. This spike only establishes - that one recursion layer's *own* cost and memory are modest and that the - per-layer shape is constant (so cost does not grow with chain depth). -- No external/CUDA hardware was used or needed (single Apple-Silicon host). diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md b/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 18cb7652..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/plonky3-vs-plonky2-fair-m5-max-2026-06-06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -# Plonky3 vs Plonky2 — FAIR prover-speed comparison (Probe S) - -> ⚠️ **CORRECTION (Probes V + W).** This file's numbers use a **degree-3 S-box** and -> a **blowup-2 zk-PROXY**. Both understate the real production cost. Probe V measured -> the cryptographic **degree-7** S-box = **1.66–1.69×** slower than degree-3 (low end of -> the estimate below — confirmed). Probe W measured **true `HidingFriPcs`** = **2.9–3.0×** -> slower than the blowup-2 proxy — i.e. the proxy was ~3× too fast, NOT a "small additive -> term" as claimed in §caveat 4 below. Combined ≈ **5×** on the headline numbers here. Under -> the true production config (degree-7 + HidingFriPcs) Plonky3 is **3.07× faster at the -> ~2^13 hash-matched size but SLOWER at 2^16** (0.36×). Net circuit verdict pending Probe T. -> See `MIGRATION_PLONKY3_SPIKE_RESULT.md` §"Fair Performance Comparison" + `probe_v_degree7_bench`/`probe_w_hiding_fri`. - -**Host:** Apple M5 Max, 128 GB unified memory, aarch64, macOS. -**Date:** 2026-06-06. -**Toolchain:** `cargo nextest run --release`, `RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native"`. -**Test:** `spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs`. -**Pins:** `Plonky3/Plonky3` @ `56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803`, -`Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` @ `524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b`. - -## TL;DR - -**Plonky3 (BabyBear, production-tuned FRI, NEON SIMD packing) is faster than -Plonky2 (Goldilocks) at every measured point — by 4–61×, with 5–51× lower peak -RSS.** The performance thesis of the migration holds with a large margin, even -at a hash-saturated workload doing ~14× the real circuit's Poseidon work. - -At the fairest point (hash-matched, ~4500 Poseidon hashes ≈ the real circuit): -- non-zk FRI: **71 ms** vs Plonky2 4350 ms → **61× faster**, **51× less RSS**. -- zk-proxy FRI (blowup 2): **128 ms** → **34× faster**, **19× less RSS**. - -Even at the hash-saturated upper bound (2^16 perms, ~14× the real hash work): -- non-zk: **570 ms** → **7.6× faster**. -- zk-proxy: **1042 ms** → **4.2× faster**. - -## Why earlier probes (I/R) did NOT answer this - -Probes I/R measured a **recursion** overhead in **Goldilocks** with **untuned -FRI** (low-security testing params). They were a recursion-feasibility check, -not a production-prover timing. They deliberately did not exercise the levers -the migration's speed thesis rests on: the 31-bit BabyBear field, SIMD field -packing, and production-tuned FRI. Probe S measures exactly those. - -## Configuration (apples-to-apples vs Plonky2) - -| Axis | Plonky3 (Probe S) | Plonky2 (baseline) | -|---|---|---| -| Field | BabyBear (31-bit) + `BinomialExtensionField<_, 4>` | Goldilocks (64-bit) | -| Packing | NEON `PackedMontyField31Neon` (confirmed at runtime) | — | -| Hash / Merkle | Poseidon2 MMCS (sponge w24 / compress w16) | Poseidon Merkle caps | -| FRI | `new_benchmark` (blowup 1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW) and `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup 2) | production FRI | -| DFT | `Radix2DitParallel` | — | -| AIR | non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air`, 1 perm/row | real state-transition circuit | -| Threads | 18 (M5 Max) | 18 | - -### Runtime confirmation (printed by the test) - -- `BabyBear::Packing = p3_monty_31::aarch64_neon::packing::PackedMontyField31Neon` — SIMD packing **active** (not the trivial `[BabyBear; 1]`). -- Threads available: **18**. -- DFT: `Radix2DitParallel` (parallel production DFT). - -## Measured numbers (warm, 1 untimed warmup + 5 timed `prove()` runs, p50) - -| n_hashes | rows | FRI | trace_gen ms | p50 ms | min ms | max ms | peak RSS MB | -|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| 4 500 | 8 192 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 8.4 | **71.1** | 70.6 | 71.1 | 76.2 | -| 4 500 | 8 192 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 4.6 | **127.8** | 127.3 | 128.4 | 209.4 | -| 32 768 | 32 768 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 17.5 | **303.1** | 301.6 | 303.3 | 296.3 | -| 32 768 | 32 768 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 17.5 | **522.3** | 521.2 | 522.8 | 421.3 | -| 65 536 | 65 536 | new_benchmark (blowup 1, non-zk) | 34.0 | **569.8** | 568.0 | 571.1 | 462.4 | -| 65 536 | 65 536 | new_benchmark_zk (blowup 2, zk proxy) | 35.2 | **1041.5** | 1040.9 | 1045.4 | 694.5 | -| **PLONKY2** | ~65 536 | baseline (Goldilocks, real circuit) | — | **4350.0** | — | — | **3900** | - -(Plonky2 baseline: `prove_warm_p50_ms = 4350`, `peak_rss_kb = 3 937 504` -(≈ 3.9 GB), from `m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md` — same M5 Max host.) - -`prove()` alone is the timed region (the part comparable to Plonky2's prove -time). Trace generation is measured separately and reported in the table; -config / round-constant / PCS construction is setup and excluded. - -## Speedup factors vs Plonky2 (4.35 s / 3.9 GB) - -| n_hashes | FRI | speedup (×) | RSS ratio (×) | verdict | -|---:|---|---:|---:|---| -| 4 500 | non-zk | **61.2** | 51.2 | FASTER | -| 4 500 | zk proxy | **34.0** | 18.6 | FASTER | -| 32 768 | non-zk | **14.3** | 13.2 | FASTER | -| 32 768 | zk proxy | **8.3** | 9.3 | FASTER | -| 65 536 | non-zk | **7.6** | 8.4 | FASTER | -| 65 536 | zk proxy | **4.2** | 5.6 | FASTER | - -## Honest apples-to-apples caveats - -1. **Hash saturation.** The `num_hashes = 2^16` upper bound does ~14× the real - circuit's ~4500 Poseidon hashes; the `4500` row is the fair hash-matched - point and the `32768` row brackets in between. Even the saturated point is - 4–7× faster, so the verdict is robust to the saturation caveat. -2. **AIR shape.** Probe S proves a pure Poseidon2 AIR (one permutation per - row). The real circuit also has ~50k non-hash gates; those add trace - columns and lookups not modelled here. The hash-matched row understates the - real circuit's column count somewhat, but the prover cost is dominated by - the DFT/Merkle/FRI over the trace *area*, and BabyBear's packing + small - field win on every column regardless of constraint kind. -3. **S-box degree.** Uses the degree-3 S-box (`x^3`), exactly as Plonky3's own - non-vectorized BabyBear Poseidon2 end-to-end tests do (their comment: the - AIR test "validates the proof system, not the hash function's security - parameters"). At this pinned rev the non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air` with the - cryptographic degree-7 S-box fails verification (`OodEvaluationMismatch`) - under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + `DuplexChallenger` path - (the working upstream degree-7 example uses the *vectorized* AIR + Keccak - MMCS + `HidingFriPcs`). Verified by bisection. **Honest magnitude:** the - S-box degree sets the constraint degree, hence the quotient-polynomial degree - (`log_num_quotient_chunks = log2_ceil(deg-1)`): degree-3 → 2 quotient chunks - (quotient domain 2N), degree-7 → 8 chunks (8N). With `SBOX_REGISTERS=0` the - column count is unchanged, so degree-7 inflates ONLY the quotient stage - (quotient-domain LDE + constraint eval + chunk Merkle commit) ~4×, leaving the - trace commit and FRI untouched — a worst-case total prove inflation of roughly - **1.5–2.5× (up to ~3× if quotient eval dominates more than estimated)**, NOT - "negligible". This does not threaten the conclusion: applying a full 3× to the - weakest point (the 4.2× zk-saturated row) still leaves Plonky3 ~1.4× ahead, and - the fair hash-matched point degrades only from 61×/34× to ~20×/~11×. Note the - Plonky2 baseline uses Goldilocks-Poseidon's own degree-7 S-box, so this gap - flatters Plonky3 in exactly one (bounded-above) direction. Degree-3 is thus a - prover-speed proxy whose headline is an over-estimate of the speedup by at most - ~3×, with the migration verdict robust across that whole range. -4. **ZK-ness.** zkCoins proofs are zero-knowledge. The `new_benchmark_zk` - (blowup 2) rows are the zk-apples-to-apples FRI point, run on the plain - `TwoAdicFriPcs` as a *timing proxy* (blowup 2 drives the dominant FRI/Merkle - cost; the random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive - term). A full `HidingFriPcs` measurement is a follow-up; the proxy already - clears the 4.35 s budget by 4×+ at the worst point. -5. **Field.** BabyBear (31-bit) vs Goldilocks (64-bit) is the intended - migration delta, not a confound — the whole point is to switch to the - smaller field where packing pays off. - -## How to reproduce - -``` -cd spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike -RUSTFLAGS="-Ctarget-cpu=native" cargo nextest run probe_s_fair_bench --release --no-capture -``` diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock deleted file mode 100644 index 765db8df..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.lock +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1080 +0,0 @@ -# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo. -# It is not intended for manual editing. -version = 4 - -[[package]] -name = "allocator-api2" -version = "0.2.21" -source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" -checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923" - 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"quote", - "syn 1.0.109", -] diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml deleted file mode 100644 index 9acf908b..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/Cargo.toml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -# Phase 0 recursion-feasibility spike (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5). -# -# THROWAWAY crate: it exists only to prove that `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` -# can express the three composition patterns zkCoins depends on (IVC/cyclic -# with a base case, fan-in-8 with a variable active count, vk/PI binding), -# in Goldilocks, using trivial counter AIRs — NOT the real circuit. -# -# It is its own workspace (note the empty `[workspace]` table) and is -# `exclude`d from the root zkcoins workspace, so the heavy Plonky3 git -# dependencies are NEVER pulled into the main `node`/`shared` build or CI. -# -# Pins (record these in the PR body, never use a floating branch): -# Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion @ 524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b (HEAD 2026-06-06) -# Plonky3/Plonky3 @ 56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803 -# The Plonky3-main rev is dictated by what Plonky3-recursion was built -# against (its workspace pins exactly this rev); using any other rev would -# give two incompatible copies of the p3-* types and break unification. - -[package] -name = "plonky3-recursion-spike" -version = "0.0.0" -edition = "2024" -publish = false - -[workspace] -resolver = "2" - -[dependencies] -# Recursion crates (git-only, not on crates.io) @ Plonky3-recursion HEAD. -p3-recursion = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } -p3-circuit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } -p3-circuit-prover = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } -p3-poseidon2-circuit-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } - -# Plonky3 core crates @ the exact rev Plonky3-recursion is built against. -# Probe S (fair BabyBear prover-speed benchmark) deps, same Plonky3-main rev. -p3-baby-bear = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-poseidon2 = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-poseidon2-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } - -p3-air = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-batch-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-challenger = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-commit = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-dft = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-field = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-fri = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-goldilocks = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -# Probe AD (KoalaBear-vs-BabyBear field comparison): KoalaBear is the other -# candidate 31-bit Plonky3 field (p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1, 2-adicity 24, native -# Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 3 — vs BabyBear's degree 7). Same pinned Plonky3 rev. -p3-koala-bear = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -# Probe V/W: degree-7 cryptographic S-box path uses the Keccak byte-hash MMCS -# (the working upstream `prove_poseidon2_baby_bear_keccak_zk.rs` recipe). -p3-keccak = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-lookup = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-matrix = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-merkle-tree = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-symmetric = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-uni-stark = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } -p3-util = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3", rev = "56952503e1401a62982ceaf952c5e4a829b61803" } - -rand = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false } -# Proof serialization round-trip (Probe P) — the node persists proof blobs. -bincode = "1.3" -# Probe S: peak-RSS measurement via getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF). -libc = "0.2" -# Probe T: report the active rayon thread-pool width alongside the bench. -rayon = "1.10" - -# Reuse the upstream Goldilocks param bundle (F, Perm, MyHash, MyMmcs, -# MyConfig, DIGEST_ELEMS, WIDTH, RATE, …) so the spike's config matches -# byte-for-byte what p3-recursion's own Goldilocks tests use. Used by the -# `goldilocks_rec` harness at lib level, so it is a normal dependency. -p3-test-utils = { git = "https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion", rev = "524665d0c2e1d294722c064786ae11dff8d9f33b" } - -# opt-level 3 even in dev: the probes actually prove STARKs; unoptimized -# field arithmetic makes them unbearably slow. -[profile.dev] -opt-level = 3 diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 9a3b337a..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/goldilocks_rec.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -//! Goldilocks recursion harness for the Phase 0 spike. -//! -//! This module reproduces — for Goldilocks (D=2, Poseidon2 width 8, rate 4) — the -//! minimal config + backend wiring that `Plonky3-recursion`'s own -//! `recursive_fibonacci` example uses, but stripped of the CLI/macro machinery so -//! the spike's probes (A/B/C) can call the high-level `build_and_prove_next_layer` -//! / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer` API directly. -//! -//! The one non-obvious requirement: `build_and_prove_next_layer`'s config must -//! implement `FriRecursionConfig` (not just `StarkGenericConfig`), because the -//! backend needs the FRI verifier params and the in-circuit Poseidon2/recompose -//! NPO setup. `ConfigWithFriParams` is that config; its `FriRecursionConfig` impl -//! is transcribed from the example's `define_field_module_types!` Goldilocks path. - -use std::sync::Arc; - -use p3_batch_stark::ProverData; -use p3_circuit::Circuit; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::CircuitRunner; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{ - GoldilocksD2Width8, Poseidon2Params, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace, -}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::BatchStarkProof; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep; -use p3_circuit_prover::{BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_commit::Pcs; -use p3_field::BasedVectorSpace; -use p3_fri::FriParameters; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{FriVerifierParams, InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::traits::{RecursiveAir, RecursivePcs}; -use p3_recursion::verifier::VerificationError; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchOnly, FriRecursionBackend, FriRecursionBackendForExt, FriRecursionConfig, Poseidon2Config, - ProveNextLayerParams, RecursionInput, RecursionOutput, build_and_prove_aggregation_layer, -}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - ChallengeMmcs, Challenger, Dft, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, MyPcs, - Poseidon2Goldilocks, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::{StarkGenericConfig, Val}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -pub use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F}; - -/// The opening-proof targets type for our Goldilocks FRI PCS, mirroring the -/// `InnerFriGeneric` alias in the recursion crate's own tests. -pub type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// Backend type for Goldilocks D=2, Poseidon2 width 8 / rate 4. -pub type GoldilocksBackend = FriRecursionBackendForExt<2, 8, 4, Poseidon2Config>; - -/// FRI parameter bundle (mirrors the example's `FriParams`). -#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] -pub struct FriParams { - pub log_blowup: usize, - pub max_log_arity: usize, - pub cap_height: usize, - pub log_final_poly_len: usize, - pub commit_pow_bits: usize, - pub query_pow_bits: usize, -} - -/// Spike defaults: modest FRI params that keep prove times low while exercising -/// the real Merkle/FRI verifier path in-circuit. -pub fn default_fri_params() -> FriParams { - FriParams { - log_blowup: 2, - max_log_arity: 2, - cap_height: 0, - log_final_poly_len: 1, - commit_pow_bits: 0, - query_pow_bits: 8, - } -} - -/// Deterministic Goldilocks Poseidon2 permutation (seed 1), matching the -/// recursion crate's own Goldilocks tests so prover and verifier agree. -pub fn default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8() -> Poseidon2Goldilocks<8> { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - Poseidon2Goldilocks::<8>::new_from_rng_128(&mut rng) -} - -/// A Goldilocks STARK config that also carries FRI verifier params so it can be -/// used as the `FriRecursionConfig` for `build_and_prove_next_layer`. -#[derive(Clone)] -pub struct ConfigWithFriParams { - config: Arc, - fri_verifier_params: FriVerifierParams, - disable_recompose_npo: bool, -} - -impl core::ops::Deref for ConfigWithFriParams { - type Target = MyConfig; - fn deref(&self) -> &MyConfig { - &self.config - } -} - -impl StarkGenericConfig for ConfigWithFriParams { - type Challenge = Challenge; - type Challenger = Challenger; - type Pcs = MyPcs; - fn pcs(&self) -> &MyPcs { - self.config.pcs() - } - fn initialise_challenger(&self) -> Challenger { - self.config.initialise_challenger() - } -} - -impl FriRecursionConfig for ConfigWithFriParams -where - MyPcs: RecursivePcs< - ConfigWithFriParams, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - MerkleCapTargets, - >::Domain, - >, -{ - type Commitment = MerkleCapTargets; - type InputProof = - InputProofTargets>; - type OpeningProof = InnerFri; - type RawOpeningProof = >::Proof; - const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 4; - - fn with_fri_opening_proof<'a, A, R>( - prev: &RecursionInput<'a, Self, A>, - f: impl FnOnce(&Self::RawOpeningProof) -> R, - ) -> R - where - A: RecursiveAir, Self::Challenge, LogUpGadget>, - { - match prev { - RecursionInput::UniStark { proof, .. } => f(&proof.opening_proof), - RecursionInput::BatchStark { proof, .. } => f(&proof.proof.opening_proof), - } - } - - fn prepare_circuit_for_verification( - &self, - circuit: &mut CircuitBuilder, - ) -> Result<(), VerificationError> { - let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); - circuit.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - if self.disable_recompose_npo { - circuit.noop_enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - } else { - circuit.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - } - if ::D == 1 - && >::DIMENSION > 1 - { - circuit.set_recompose_coeff_ctl_for_decompose_links(true); - } - Ok(()) - } - - fn pcs_verifier_params( - &self, - ) -> &>, - InnerFri, - MerkleCapTargets, - >::Domain, - >>::VerifierParams { - &self.fri_verifier_params - } - - fn set_fri_private_data( - runner: &mut CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - opening_proof: &Self::RawOpeningProof, - ) -> Result<(), &'static str> { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - } -} - -fn create_config(fp: &FriParams, security_level: usize) -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, fp.cap_height); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let dft = Dft::default(); - - let num_queries = (security_level - fp.query_pow_bits) / fp.log_blowup; - - let fri_params = FriParameters { - max_log_arity: fp.max_log_arity, - log_blowup: fp.log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len: fp.log_final_poly_len, - num_queries, - commit_proof_of_work_bits: fp.commit_pow_bits, - query_proof_of_work_bits: fp.query_pow_bits, - mmcs: challenge_mmcs, - }; - let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); - let challenger = Challenger::new(perm); - MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger) -} - -/// FRI verifier params for the given FRI params — used by the lower-level batch -/// verifier path (Probe D's multi-layer carry experiment). -pub fn create_fri_verifier_params(fp: &FriParams) -> FriVerifierParams { - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - fp.log_blowup, - fp.log_final_poly_len, - fp.commit_pow_bits, - fp.query_pow_bits, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) -} - -/// Build the recursion config for the given FRI params at security level 100. -pub fn config_with_fri_params(fp: &FriParams) -> ConfigWithFriParams { - ConfigWithFriParams { - config: Arc::new(create_config(fp, 100)), - fri_verifier_params: create_fri_verifier_params(fp), - disable_recompose_npo: false, - } -} - -/// Config bundle for the low-level single-proof in-circuit verifier -/// (`verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit`), used by Probe C. Mirrors the recursion -/// crate's own `recursion/tests/goldilocks.rs::make_config`. -pub fn make_uni_verify_config() -> (MyConfig, Poseidon2Goldilocks<8>, FriVerifierParams) { - let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let dft = Dft::default(); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_testing(challenge_mmcs, 0); - let fri_verifier_params = FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - fri_params.log_blowup, - fri_params.log_final_poly_len, - fri_params.commit_proof_of_work_bits, - fri_params.query_proof_of_work_bits, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); - let challenger = Challenger::new(perm.clone()); - let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); - (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) -} - -/// The Goldilocks recursion backend. -pub fn goldilocks_backend() -> GoldilocksBackend { - FriRecursionBackend::<8, 4, _>::new(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8) - .for_extension_degree::<2>() -} - -/// Verify a recursion output's batch proof (reconstructs a prover with the same -/// table packing + registered tables, then `verify_all_tables`). -pub fn verify_recursion_output( - output: &RecursionOutput, - config: &ConfigWithFriParams, - table_packing: &TablePacking, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let mut prover = - BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing.clone()); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::<2>(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8); - prover.register_recompose_table::<2>(false); - prover - .verify_all_tables(&output.0) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify_all_tables failed: {e:?}")) -} - -/// Verify a bare batch proof (e.g. one round-tripped through (de)serialization). -pub fn verify_batch_proof( - proof: &BatchStarkProof, - config: &ConfigWithFriParams, - table_packing: &TablePacking, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let mut prover = - BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing.clone()); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::<2>(Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8); - prover.register_recompose_table::<2>(false); - prover - .verify_all_tables(proof) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify_all_tables failed: {e:?}")) -} - -/// 2-to-1 aggregation: prove a single layer that verifies BOTH `left` and `right` -/// (each a batch proof). This is the fan-in primitive; an N-way fan-in is a tree -/// of these (depth ⌈log2 N⌉). -pub fn aggregate_two( - left: &RecursionOutput, - right: &RecursionOutput, - config: &ConfigWithFriParams, - backend: &GoldilocksBackend, - params: &ProveNextLayerParams, -) -> RecursionOutput { - let li = left.into_recursion_input::(); - let ri = right.into_recursion_input::(); - build_and_prove_aggregation_layer::( - &li, &ri, config, backend, params, None, - ) - .expect("2-to-1 aggregation") -} - -/// Run + batch-stark-prove + verify an arbitrary NPO-free `CircuitBuilder` circuit -/// (over the Goldilocks base field) with the given public inputs. Returns Err if -/// witness generation (constraint check) OR proving/verification fails — so a -/// caller can assert on real proving success/failure. Used by Probe E. -pub fn prove_and_verify_no_npo( - circuit: &Circuit, - public_inputs: &[F], - config: &ConfigWithFriParams, - fp: &FriParams, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let table_packing = - TablePacking::new(1, 1).with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup); - - let traces = { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner - .set_public_inputs(public_inputs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))? - }; - - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - circuit, - &table_packing, - &[], - &[], - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("airs and degrees: {e:?}"))?; - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let prover = BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .map_err(|e| format!("prove: {e:?}"))?; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -/// Prove a base "counter" circuit (`acc = 0; acc += 1` × `steps`, committed to a -/// public input equal to `steps`) with the batch-stark prover, and wrap it as a -/// `RecursionOutput` ready to be recursed over. This is the layer-0 of an IVC chain. -pub fn prove_base_counter( - steps: u64, - config: &ConfigWithFriParams, - fp: &FriParams, -) -> RecursionOutput { - use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; - use std::rc::Rc; - - let mut builder = CircuitBuilder::new(); - let expected = builder.alloc_public_input("expected"); - let mut acc = builder.alloc_const(F::ZERO, "c0"); - let one = builder.alloc_const(F::ONE, "one"); - for _ in 0..steps { - acc = builder.add(acc, one); - } - builder.connect(acc, expected); - let base_circuit = builder.build().expect("base circuit builds"); - - let table_packing_0 = - TablePacking::new(1, 1).with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup); - - let traces_0 = { - let mut runner = base_circuit.runner(); - runner - .set_public_inputs(&[F::from_u64(steps)]) - .expect("set base public inputs"); - runner.run().expect("run base circuit") - }; - - let (airs_degrees_0, primitive_columns_0, non_primitive_columns_0) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &base_circuit, - &table_packing_0, - &[], - &[], - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for base"); - let (airs_0, degrees_0): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees_0.into_iter().unzip(); - let ext_degrees_0: Vec = degrees_0.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data_0 = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(config, &airs_0, &ext_degrees_0); - let circuit_prover_data_0 = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data_0, primitive_columns_0, non_primitive_columns_0); - let prover_0 = BatchStarkProver::new(config.clone()).with_table_packing(table_packing_0); - let proof_0 = prover_0 - .prove_all_tables(&traces_0, &circuit_prover_data_0) - .expect("prove base circuit"); - prover_0 - .verify_all_tables(&proof_0) - .expect("verify base proof"); - - RecursionOutput(proof_0, Rc::new(circuit_prover_data_0)) -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 24466b8a..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/src/lib.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,190 +0,0 @@ -//! Phase 0 recursion-feasibility spike for the Plonky2 -> Plonky3 migration. -//! -//! See `MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` §5. This crate is a throwaway probe: it proves -//! (or disproves) that `Plonky3/Plonky3-recursion` can express the three -//! composition patterns the zkCoins state-transition circuit depends on, -//! *in Goldilocks*, using trivial counter AIRs rather than the real circuit. -//! -//! Patterns under test: -//! * Probe A — IVC / cyclic recursion with a base case (`prove_next_layer` chain). -//! * Probe B — fan-in-8 aggregation with a variable active count. -//! * Probe C — verification-key / public-input binding across layers. -//! -//! The crate links against the pinned `p3-recursion` (and its `p3-circuit`, -//! `p3-circuit-prover`, `p3-poseidon2-circuit-air` siblings) so that "the spike -//! compiles against the pinned recursion lib" — the P0-T1 acceptance — is a -//! real, mechanically-checked fact, not an aspiration. The probe tests then -//! exercise the actual recursion APIs. - -// Goldilocks recursion harness (config + backend + base-prove helpers) used by -// the probe tests. Exercises p3-recursion / p3-circuit / p3-circuit-prover. -pub mod goldilocks_rec; - -// p3-poseidon2-circuit-air is only used directly by the KoalaBear fan-in probe; -// keep it force-linked so P0-T1's "compiles against the pinned recursion lib" -// covers the whole dependency set. -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air as _; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing, PrimeField64}; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; - -/// A minimal counter AIR over a single column `c`, enforcing `next = cur + 1`. -/// -/// Public values: `[start, last]`. -/// * first row: `c == start` -/// * each transition: `c' == c + 1` -/// * last row: `c == last` -/// -/// This is the trivial circuit the whole spike recurses over — small enough to -/// keep prove times low, structured enough that a recursion layer verifying it -/// has a real (non-degenerate) verifier circuit. -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)] -pub struct CounterAir; - -impl BaseAir for CounterAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 1 - } - - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl Air for CounterAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let start = pis[0]; - let last = pis[1]; - - let local = main.current_slice(); - let next = main.next_slice(); - let c = local[0]; - let c_next = next[0]; - - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(c, start); - builder - .when_transition() - .assert_eq(c_next, c + AB::Expr::ONE); - builder.when_last_row().assert_eq(c, last); - } -} - -/// Build the `n`-row counter trace starting at `start`: rows are -/// `start, start+1, …, start+n-1`. `n` must be a power of two. -pub fn generate_counter_trace(start: u64, n: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(n.is_power_of_two(), "trace height must be a power of two"); - let mut values = F::zero_vec(n); - for (i, v) in values.iter_mut().enumerate() { - *v = F::from_u64(start + i as u64); - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, 1) -} - -/// The public inputs a counter proof of `n` rows starting at `start` commits to. -pub fn counter_public_inputs(start: u64, n: usize) -> Vec { - vec![F::from_u64(start), F::from_u64(start + (n as u64 - 1))] -} - -/// A minimal AIR WITH a preprocessed column whose constant value `k` IS the -/// verification key (the preprocessed commitment is a function of `k`). Used by -/// Probe F: two instances with different `k` have different preprocessed -/// commitments (= different vks), so binding the inner vk = binding `k`. -/// -/// Layout: one main column `m`, one preprocessed column `p` (constant `k`). -/// Constraint: `m == p` on every row (so a valid main trace is all-`k`). -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -pub struct ConstPrepAir { - pub k: u64, - pub rows: usize, -} - -impl BaseAir for ConstPrepAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 1 - } - - fn preprocessed_width(&self) -> usize { - 1 - } - - fn preprocessed_trace(&self) -> Option> { - Some(RowMajorMatrix::new(vec![F::from_u64(self.k); self.rows], 1)) - } -} - -impl Air for ConstPrepAir -where - AB::F: Field, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let prep = builder.preprocessed(); - let m = main.current_slice()[0]; - let p = prep.current_slice()[0]; - builder.assert_eq(m, p); - } -} - -/// The (all-`k`, `rows`×1) main trace that satisfies `ConstPrepAir { k, rows }`. -pub fn generate_const_main_trace(k: u64, rows: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - RowMajorMatrix::new(vec![F::from_u64(k); rows], 1) -} - -#[cfg(test)] -mod config { - //! Goldilocks STARK config, mirroring `Plonky3-recursion`'s own - //! `recursion/tests/goldilocks.rs::make_config` so the spike proves over - //! exactly the field/hash/FRI parameters the recursion lib expects. - - use p3_fri::FriParameters; - use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::*; - use rand::SeedableRng; - use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - - pub use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{F, MyConfig}; - - pub fn default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8() -> Perm { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - Poseidon2Goldilocks::<8>::new_from_rng_128(&mut rng) - } - - pub fn make_config() -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let dft = Dft::default(); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_testing(challenge_mmcs, 0); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); - let challenger = Challenger::new(perm.clone()); - MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger) - } -} - -#[cfg(test)] -mod tests { - use super::config::{F, make_config}; - use super::*; - use p3_uni_stark::{prove, verify}; - - /// P0-T1: the trivial counter AIR proves and verifies via `p3-uni-stark` - /// over Goldilocks. This is the spike's foundation — every probe builds a - /// recursion layer on top of a proof produced exactly like this. - #[test] - fn base_air_round_trips() { - let config = make_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - - let n = 1 << 4; - let start = 7u64; - let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); - let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); - - let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); - verify(&config, &air, &proof, &pis).expect("counter proof must verify"); - } -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 79a850fd..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_a_ivc.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe A — IVC / cyclic recursion with a base case (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T2). -//! -//! Maps the zkCoins `prev_account` cyclic-recursion pattern onto `p3-recursion`'s -//! layered `prove_next_layer` chain: -//! * Layer 0 = base counter proof (NO predecessor — this is the base case). -//! * Layer k>0 = a verifier circuit that verifies layer k-1's proof, itself proved. -//! -//! PASS (per the doc): -//! 1. the layer-N proof verifies, and -//! 2. the per-layer verifier-circuit shape reaches a CONSTANT fixed point (true -//! IVC, no unbounded growth) — the `p3-recursion` analogue of Plonky2's -//! `common_data_for_recursion` fixed point. - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -#[test] -fn probe_a_ivc() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - - // Layer 0: the base case is simply a real proof with no predecessor — the - // counter circuit proved with batch-stark. p3-recursion needs no special - // "_or_dummy" base primitive: the chain just starts from a real proof. - let mut output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - - // Recompose NPO lanes (1) must match the backend's default; mirror the - // upstream example's layer table-packing. - let layer_table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1); - - const NUM_LAYERS: usize = 4; - let mut witness_counts: Vec = Vec::new(); - - for layer in 1..=NUM_LAYERS { - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: layer_table_packing.clone(), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); - - let (vc, vr) = build_next_layer_circuit::( - &input, &config, &backend, - ) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("build layer {layer} circuit: {e:?}")); - witness_counts.push(vc.witness_count); - - let t = std::time::Instant::now(); - let out = prove_next_layer::( - &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, - ) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove layer {layer}: {e:?}")); - let prove_ms = t.elapsed().as_millis(); - - verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("verify layer {layer}: {e}")); - - // P0-T5 diagnostics: per-layer verifier-circuit witness count + prove time. - eprintln!( - "probe_a layer {layer}: witness_count={} prove_ms={prove_ms}", - vc.witness_count - ); - - output = out; - } - eprintln!("probe_a witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}"); - - // PASS criterion 2: shape stabilises (constant per-layer shape => true IVC). - // A genuine *reached* fixed point requires BOTH that the shape grew at some - // point (so it is not trivially constant from layer 1) AND that the tail is - // constant — otherwise "equal last two" could be satisfied by a degenerate - // never-growing chain. Recorded: [25567, 104630, 107957, 107957]. - let n = witness_counts.len(); - assert!( - witness_counts[0] != witness_counts[n - 1], - "expected the verifier-circuit shape to grow before stabilising (genuine \ - fixed point, not constant-from-start); witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}" - ); - assert_eq!( - witness_counts[n - 1], - witness_counts[n - 2], - "IVC verifier-circuit shape must reach a constant fixed point (no unbounded \ - growth); per-layer witness_counts = {witness_counts:?}" - ); - - // NOTE (P0-T2 criterion 2, "counter PI provably threaded from base"): the - // high-level chain via `into_recursion_input::()` carries EMPTY - // table_public_inputs, so this probe proves the IVC *structure* (each layer - // cryptographically verifies its predecessor) and constant shape, but does - // NOT thread a constrained counter PI across layers. The primitive that makes - // threading possible — binding an inner proof's public inputs as constrained - // outer targets — is proven separately in `probe_c_vk_binding`. Explicit - // cross-layer PI propagation (the zkCoins ProofData/prev_account value carry) - // is Phase-5 construction, not claimed as demonstrated here. -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs deleted file mode 100644 index bbf6ab40..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_aa_sustained_load.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe AA — SUSTAINED-LOAD soak: memory-leak + latency-drift detection. -//! -//! # What this probe answers -//! -//! "If the zkCoins node proves the representative circuit back-to-back for a -//! long time in ONE process — as a busy production prover would — does memory -//! grow without bound (a leak), or does per-proof latency drift upward -//! (allocator fragmentation, cache thrash, thread-pool degradation)? Or does it -//! reach a stable plateau?" -//! -//! A warm steady-state p50 (Probe T) says nothing about stability over -//! thousands of proofs. This probe runs a LARGE number of consecutive -//! `prove_batch` calls of the Probe T representative circuit in a single -//! process and samples: -//! -//! * **per-prove latency** for every proof, to compute p50/p90/p99 AND the -//! first-100-avg vs last-100-avg drift (an upward trend = degradation); -//! * **peak RSS** (`getrusage`, high-water mark) AND **current RSS** -//! (`proc_pidinfo` / `PROC_PIDTASKINFO` on macOS) sampled at intervals, to -//! distinguish a true leak (the steady-state RSS *band* grows monotonically) -//! from a healthy plateau (RSS rises to a working-set ceiling then oscillates -//! within a flat band as each prove's transient buffers cycle). -//! -//! ## Why a single first-vs-last sample is the wrong leak statistic -//! -//! A FRI prover's working set OSCILLATES: every prove allocates large transient -//! buffers (trace LDE, quotient polynomial, FRI folding layers) and frees them, -//! so an instantaneous current-RSS reading lands anywhere in a wide band (here -//! ~1.9-4.0 GB) depending on where in a prove it is captured. Comparing one -//! first-sample to one last-sample conflates "where in the oscillation did I -//! sample" with "is the band climbing", and the very first sample is taken -//! BEFORE the first prove allocates anything (a pre-allocation baseline), which -//! inflates any ratio. The correct detector compares the steady-state band over -//! a FIRST QUARTER vs a LAST QUARTER of samples (sample #0 excluded) on two -//! statistics — the window MEAN (band centre) and the window MAX (band top). A -//! real leak pushes BOTH up monotonically; a plateau keeps both flat. peak RSS, -//! being a monotone high-water mark, plateaus early (it cannot fall) and is -//! reported as a corroborating ceiling, not the leak signal. -//! -//! # Honest scaling / wall-time -//! -//! At the representative circuit's warm p50 (Probe T anchor, ~150-300 ms/prove -//! on an M5 Max), 1000 proves is ~3-8 minutes — a legitimate leak/drift soak, -//! NOT a token run. The proof count is configurable via the `PROBE_AA_PROVES` -//! environment variable (default 1000) so a longer soak (e.g. 2000-4000, -//! ~15-30+ min) can be run when the harness budget allows, WITHOUT padding with -//! sleeps. The probe reports the REAL prove count and REAL wall-time it -//! actually executed — never an extrapolation. A literal one-hour run would -//! exceed a typical CI per-test timeout; the drift/leak signal is already -//! conclusive at N=1000 (a leak or drift shows up in the first few hundred -//! proves), and the probe states the N it ran. -//! -//! # nextest timeout note -//! -//! nextest's default per-test timeout (often 60 s) is shorter than this soak. -//! Run with a generous `--test-timeout` (e.g. `--test-timeout 1800`) or the -//! orchestrator notes the override. The probe itself never sleeps. -//! -//! # Proxy boundary -//! -//! Same as Probe T: cost-faithful representative workload (degree-7 Poseidon2 -//! hash table + degree-3 arith table, batched under HidingFriPcs), NOT a -//! semantic port. A memory leak or latency drift, if present, lives in the -//! prover/allocator/FRI machinery — exactly what this workload exercises — and -//! is independent of the business meaning of the constraints. So a clean -//! soak here is evidence the real port's prover loop is also stable. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on a successful soak with NO catastrophic leak. The hard assert is a -//! leak guard: last-100-window current-RSS must NOT exceed 2x the first-100 -//! window (a real leak would blow far past 2x over 1000 proves). All numbers — -//! latency quantiles, drift, RSS trajectory — are REPORTED regardless of the -//! verdict. Every proof is also verified once at the end as a correctness gate. - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Crypto config (Probe T recipe — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; - -/// Default number of consecutive proves. Override with `PROBE_AA_PROVES`. -const DEFAULT_PROVES: usize = 1000; -/// RSS is sampled every this-many proves (keeps `proc_pidinfo` overhead off the -/// latency hot path while still tracing the trajectory densely enough). -const RSS_SAMPLE_EVERY: usize = 50; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Non-hash arithmetic AIR (Probe T — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Multi-table enum AIR (Probe T — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - HashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -/// PEAK resident-set size (high-water mark) in MB via `getrusage`. -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -/// CURRENT resident-set size in MB — the value that reveals a leak (peak RSS is -/// a monotone high-water mark and cannot fall, so it cannot show a plateau). -/// -/// macOS: `proc_pidinfo(getpid(), PROC_PIDTASKINFO)` -> `pti_resident_size` -/// (bytes). Linux: parse `/proc/self/statm` RSS pages * page size. Returns -/// `None` if the platform read fails, so the soak still runs (peak RSS remains -/// the fallback signal). -#[cfg(target_os = "macos")] -fn current_rss_mb() -> Option { - let mut info: libc::proc_taskinfo = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let size = std::mem::size_of::() as libc::c_int; - let pid = unsafe { libc::getpid() }; - let n = unsafe { - libc::proc_pidinfo( - pid, - libc::PROC_PIDTASKINFO, - 0, - (&mut info as *mut libc::proc_taskinfo) as *mut libc::c_void, - size, - ) - }; - if n == size { - Some(info.pti_resident_size as f64 / (1u64 << 20) as f64) - } else { - None - } -} - -#[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))] -fn current_rss_mb() -> Option { - let statm = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/self/statm").ok()?; - let rss_pages: f64 = statm.split_whitespace().nth(1)?.parse().ok()?; - let page = unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_PAGESIZE) } as f64; - Some(rss_pages * page / (1u64 << 20) as f64) -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -fn avg(xs: &[f64]) -> f64 { - if xs.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - xs.iter().sum::() / xs.len() as f64 -} - -#[test] -fn probe_aa_sustained_load() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - let n_proves: usize = std::env::var("PROBE_AA_PROVES") - .ok() - .and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()) - .filter(|&n: &usize| n >= 200) // need >= 2 windows of 100 for drift/leak math - .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PROVES); - - println!("\n=============== Probe AA: sustained-load soak (leak + drift) ================="); - println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload. NOT a semantic port. A leak/drift,"); - println!("if present, lives in the prover/allocator/FRI machinery this workload exercises."); - println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS | HidingFriPcs"); - println!(" num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2)"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "target proves : {n_proves} (override via PROBE_AA_PROVES; NO sleeps, real wall-time)" - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // --- One-time setup (NOT counted in the soak; the soak measures the - // steady-state prove loop). --------------------------------------------- - let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); - let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); - println!( - "circuit: hash {} rows + arith {} rows (2^{}); batched prove_batch per iteration", - hash_trace.height(), - arith_trace.height(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) - ); - - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - &config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let common = &prover_data.common; - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); - - // One untimed warmup prove + verify (correctness gate before the soak). - { - let p = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &p, &pvs, common).expect("Probe AA warmup proof must verify"); - } - - // --- The soak -------------------------------------------------------- - let mut latencies = Vec::with_capacity(n_proves); - // RSS samples: (prove_index, current_rss_mb, peak_rss_mb). - let mut rss_samples: Vec<(usize, f64, f64)> = Vec::new(); - let current_rss_supported = current_rss_mb().is_some(); - let mut last_proof: Option> = None; - - let soak_start = Instant::now(); - for i in 0..n_proves { - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - let ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - latencies.push(ms); - - if i % RSS_SAMPLE_EVERY == 0 || i == n_proves - 1 { - let cur = current_rss_mb().unwrap_or(f64::NAN); - rss_samples.push((i, cur, peak_rss_mb())); - } - last_proof = Some(proof); - } - let soak_wall_s = soak_start.elapsed().as_secs_f64(); - - // Verify the final proof (end-of-soak correctness gate). - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &last_proof.unwrap(), &pvs, common) - .expect("Probe AA final proof must verify"); - - // --- Latency stats ----------------------------------------------------- - let mut sorted = latencies.clone(); - sorted.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let p50 = quantile(&sorted, 0.50); - let p90 = quantile(&sorted, 0.90); - let p99 = quantile(&sorted, 0.99); - let lat_min = sorted[0]; - let lat_max = sorted[sorted.len() - 1]; - - let first_100 = avg(&latencies[..100.min(latencies.len())]); - let last_100 = avg(&latencies[latencies.len().saturating_sub(100)..]); - let drift_pct = (last_100 - first_100) / first_100 * 100.0; - - // --- RSS leak analysis ------------------------------------------------- - // The working set of a FRI prover oscillates: each prove allocates large - // transient buffers (trace LDE, quotient, FRI folding) and frees them, so - // an instantaneous current-RSS sample lands anywhere in a wide band - // depending on where in a prove it is captured. A SINGLE first-sample vs - // SINGLE last-sample ratio is therefore the wrong statistic — it conflates - // "where in the oscillation did I happen to sample" with "is the band - // climbing". (Sample #0 is taken BEFORE the first prove's working set is - // even allocated, so it is a pre-allocation baseline, not a steady-state - // point; using it as the denominator inflates any ratio.) - // - // A real leak is a MONOTONE UPWARD TREND of the whole oscillation band. The - // robust detector compares a first-window vs last-window over the - // STEADY-STATE samples (excluding the pre-allocation sample #0), on two - // statistics: the window MEAN (band centre) and the window MAX (band top). - // A leak pushes both up together; a healthy plateau keeps both flat. - let peak = peak_rss_mb(); - let first_cur = rss_samples.first().map(|s| s.1).unwrap_or(f64::NAN); - let last_cur = rss_samples.last().map(|s| s.1).unwrap_or(f64::NAN); - - // Steady-state samples = everything after the pre-allocation sample #0. - let steady: Vec = rss_samples.iter().skip(1).map(|s| s.1).collect(); - // Split into a first and last quarter (at least one sample each); compare - // their mean and max. Quarters give a stable window without needing many - // samples. - let q = (steady.len() / 4).max(1); - let win_first = &steady[..q.min(steady.len())]; - let win_last = &steady[steady.len().saturating_sub(q)..]; - let mean = |xs: &[f64]| -> f64 { - if xs.is_empty() { - f64::NAN - } else { - xs.iter().sum::() / xs.len() as f64 - } - }; - let max = |xs: &[f64]| -> f64 { xs.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MIN, f64::max) }; - let first_mean = mean(win_first); - let last_mean = mean(win_last); - let first_max = max(win_first); - let last_max = max(win_last); - // Leak ratio = growth of the steady-state band. Use the MEAN-of-window ratio - // as the primary signal (robust to single-sample oscillation noise) and the - // MAX-of-window ratio as a corroborating upper-band check. - let mean_growth_ratio = if first_mean.is_finite() && first_mean > 0.0 { - last_mean / first_mean - } else { - f64::NAN - }; - let max_growth_ratio = if first_max.is_finite() && first_max > 0.0 { - last_max / first_max - } else { - f64::NAN - }; - // The leak verdict uses the steady-state MEAN growth (the band centre). - let cur_growth_ratio = mean_growth_ratio; - - println!("\n========================= Probe AA soak results =============================="); - println!("proves executed : {} (REAL count)", latencies.len()); - println!( - "wall-time : {soak_wall_s:.1} s ({:.2} min); throughput {:.2} proves/s", - soak_wall_s / 60.0, - latencies.len() as f64 / soak_wall_s - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!("latency p50 : {p50:>8.1} ms"); - println!("latency p90 : {p90:>8.1} ms"); - println!("latency p99 : {p99:>8.1} ms (min {lat_min:.1} / max {lat_max:.1})"); - println!( - "DRIFT first-100 : {first_100:>8.1} ms -> last-100 {last_100:.1} ms ({drift_pct:+.1}%)" - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "current-RSS read : {} (proc_pidinfo/statm)", - if current_rss_supported { - "supported" - } else { - "UNAVAILABLE -> peak-RSS fallback" - } - ); - println!("peak RSS : {peak:>8.0} MB (getrusage high-water mark)"); - if current_rss_supported { - println!( - "current RSS : sample#0 {first_cur:.0} MB (pre-alloc) .. last-sample {last_cur:.0} MB (raw, noisy)" - ); - println!( - "steady-state band: first-quarter mean {first_mean:.0} MB (max {first_max:.0}) -> last-quarter mean {last_mean:.0} MB (max {last_max:.0})" - ); - println!( - " band-centre growth x{mean_growth_ratio:.2} | band-top growth x{max_growth_ratio:.2} (leak = both climb monotonically)" - ); - // Print the RSS trajectory (sparse) so a plateau-vs-monotone-growth - // pattern is visible in the log. - println!("RSS trajectory (prove# : current_MB / peak_MB):"); - for (idx, cur, pk) in rss_samples.iter().step_by((rss_samples.len() / 12).max(1)) { - println!(" #{idx:>5} : {cur:>7.0} / {pk:>7.0}"); - } - } - - // --- Verdicts ---------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n=============================== VERDICTS ====================================="); - // Leak verdict on the STEADY-STATE band growth (mean = band centre). A leak - // also requires the band TOP (max growth) to climb — a flat/falling band top - // with a flat band centre is a plateau, not a leak. We treat <=1.25x band - // growth as a plateau (oscillation noise across quarters), 1.25-1.5x as mild - // growth worth a longer soak, and >1.5x on BOTH centre and top as a real - // monotone leak. - let both_climb = mean_growth_ratio.is_finite() - && max_growth_ratio.is_finite() - && mean_growth_ratio > 1.5 - && max_growth_ratio > 1.5; - let leak_verdict = if !current_rss_supported { - "INCONCLUSIVE (no current-RSS; peak-RSS is monotone by definition)".to_string() - } else if cur_growth_ratio.is_finite() && cur_growth_ratio <= 1.25 { - format!( - "NO LEAK — steady-state RSS band plateaus (centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}) over {n_proves} proves" - ) - } else if !both_climb { - format!( - "NO LEAK (oscillation) — band centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}; not a monotone climb on both" - ) - } else if cur_growth_ratio <= 2.0 { - format!( - "MILD GROWTH — band centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}; below 2x but both climbing, worth a longer soak" - ) - } else { - format!( - "LEAK SUSPECTED — steady-state band grew centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2}, top x{max_growth_ratio:.2} (> 2x, monotone)" - ) - }; - println!("MEMORY : {leak_verdict}"); - println!( - " (note: peak RSS {peak:.0} MB plateaus early — high-water mark flat for most of the soak;" - ); - println!( - " raw current-RSS oscillates ~{:.0}-{:.0} MB per-prove as transient prover buffers cycle.)", - steady.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MAX, f64::min), - steady.iter().cloned().fold(f64::MIN, f64::max) - ); - - let drift_verdict = if drift_pct.abs() <= 10.0 { - format!("STABLE — last-100 within {drift_pct:+.1}% of first-100 (no degradation)") - } else if drift_pct > 10.0 { - format!("UPWARD DRIFT — last-100 {drift_pct:+.1}% slower (allocator/cache degradation?)") - } else { - format!("SPEED-UP — last-100 {drift_pct:+.1}% faster (warmup tail / frequency scaling)") - }; - println!("LATENCY: {drift_verdict}"); - println!("Soak is conclusive at N={n_proves}: a real leak/drift surfaces within the first few"); - println!( - "hundred proves; {soak_wall_s:.0} s of back-to-back proving is a genuine stability test." - ); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // --- Hard asserts ------------------------------------------------------ - assert_eq!(latencies.len(), n_proves, "must execute every prove"); - // Leak guard: a CATASTROPHIC leak is a monotone climb of the steady-state - // RSS band — BOTH the band centre (last-quarter mean / first-quarter mean) - // AND the band top (last-quarter max / first-quarter max) must exceed 2x. - // Requiring both rules out the single-sample-oscillation false positive (a - // FRI prover's per-prove working set swings widely; one low last-sample vs - // a pre-allocation first-sample is NOT a leak). When current-RSS is - // unavailable we cannot assert on a monotone high-water mark, so we skip - // (reported INCONCLUSIVE above). - if current_rss_supported && first_mean.is_finite() && first_mean > 0.0 { - let catastrophic = mean_growth_ratio > 2.0 && max_growth_ratio > 2.0; - assert!( - !catastrophic, - "catastrophic leak: steady-state RSS band climbed monotonically — centre x{mean_growth_ratio:.2} (first-quarter mean {first_mean:.0} MB -> last-quarter mean {last_mean:.0} MB), top x{max_growth_ratio:.2}" - ); - } - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs deleted file mode 100644 index a20e88ee..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ab_recursion_friendly.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1176 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe AB — can a **recursion-friendly** config pull the 8+1 source -//! aggregation STARK-prove (Probe X: 4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk) out of the -//! wash, so `/api/send` clears Plonky2? -//! -//! Probe X measured the production fan-in (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor / -//! IVC carrier) recursion-overhead STARK-prove and found it DOMINATES the full -//! populated `/api/send` prove — erasing the Probe-T single-transition win and -//! making the migration a wash/loss on speed. Probe AB tests three independent -//! recursion-friendliness levers against the exact Probe-X baseline, then a -//! combined best-config, with REAL proving and HONEST numbers — including -//! levers that turn out not to help, and configs that won't verify. -//! -//! # Lever 1 — circuit-friendly inner hash (Poseidon2-MMCS vs Keccak-MMCS) -//! -//! The brief's hypothesis: Probe X's inner carrier proofs commit with a Keccak -//! MMCS, and the in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` RE-COMPUTES that hash for -//! every Merkle opening; in-circuit Keccak is ~10-50x more constraints than -//! in-circuit Poseidon2, so switching the inner MMCS to a field-native -//! Poseidon2 hash should be the dominant win. -//! -//! **Finding (measured + read from the stack): this win is ALREADY BANKED, and -//! a Keccak inner MMCS is not even verifiable by this recursion verifier.** -//! -//! * Probe X's inner carrier config (`MyMmcs`) is -//! `MerkleTreeMmcs<.., PaddingFreeSponge, ..>, ..>` — -//! i.e. a **Poseidon2** field-native MMCS, NOT Keccak. The 8+1 baseline -//! already commits its inner proofs with Poseidon2. -//! * The in-circuit verifier (`verify_batch_circuit`, -//! `FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs(.., Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16)`) -//! recomputes openings with the in-circuit **Poseidon2** permutation table -//! (`p3-poseidon2-circuit-air`). The recursion stack hardwires this: the -//! in-circuit MMCS recomputation (`recursion/src/pcs/mmcs.rs`) is written -//! against a `PermConfig` (Poseidon1/Poseidon2) only — there is no -//! in-circuit Keccak MMCS gadget. A Keccak-MMCS inner proof therefore -//! CANNOT be verified by `verify_batch_circuit` at all (the verifier would -//! have no gadget to recompute the leaf hashes against). That is a -//! **blocker**, reported precisely below, not a measurable lever. -//! -//! So Lever 1's win is real in the GENERAL recursion-design sense (a hypothetical -//! Keccak-inner recursion would be far costlier in-circuit), but for THIS stack -//! the cost was never paid: the baseline is the Poseidon2-MMCS config. Probe AB -//! confirms the in-circuit hash the baseline uses is Poseidon2 and reports the -//! Keccak path as a non-verifying config. The dominant win Lever 1 chases is the -//! Probe-X baseline itself — there is no further headroom on this axis. -//! -//! # Lever 2 — ZK-only-outer (non-hiding inner verifications) -//! -//! The 8 inner source verifications do NOT need to be zero-knowledge — only the -//! final OUTER proof on the public record does. Probe X's "zk" row was a -//! blowup-2 *proxy* (`new_benchmark_zk` on the plain, non-hiding `TwoAdicFriPcs` -//! inner): it inflated the inner-proof blowup to 2 as a ZK timing stand-in. The -//! recursion architecture (`recursion/tests/zk_aggregation.rs`) is exactly -//! "ZK-only-outer": inner proofs are produced, their verification circuits -//! composed, and the OUTER aggregation proof is what carries (or doesn't carry) -//! hiding. This probe measures the cost a TRUE hiding inner (`HidingFriPcs` -//! over the same Poseidon2 MMCS, `num_random_codewords = 4` random masking -//! codewords — the upstream recursion ZK shape) ADDS to the aggregation -//! versus the non-hiding inner — i.e. the cost ZK-only-outer SAVES by keeping -//! the 8+1 inner verifications non-hiding. The non-hiding-inner figure is the -//! Probe-X non-zk baseline; the saving is `(hiding-inner) - (non-hiding-inner)`. -//! -//! * `[VERIFY]` SOUNDNESS (Doc 3): non-hiding inner layers under a hiding -//! outer is the standard recursion shape, but Doc 3 lists "zk-soundness of -//! non-hiding inner layers" as `[VERIFY]`. Probe AB MEASURES the cost; an -//! auditor must sign off that a non-hiding inner composed under a hiding -//! outer leaks nothing about the witness before deployment. -//! -//! # Lever 3 — cheaper inner FRI (fewer queries on the recursed proofs) -//! -//! The inner proofs' FRI `num_queries` determines how many Merkle openings the -//! in-circuit verifier must recompute+check, which is the dominant in-circuit -//! (and therefore STARK-proved) area. The outer proof keeps full strength -//! (`new_benchmark`, 116 conjectured bits). The inner proofs use a lighter FRI -//! (fewer queries). Conjectured soundness bits (ethSTARK): -//! `bits = log_blowup * num_queries + query_pow_bits`. -//! * baseline inner = `new_benchmark`: 1*100 + 16 = **116 bits**. -//! * inner @ 48 queries: 1*48 + 16 = **64 bits**. -//! * inner @ 30 queries: 1*30 + 16 = **46 bits**. -//! -//! * `[VERIFY]` SOUNDNESS: a recursion INNER layer can in principle run at -//! fewer bits than the outer if the composition argument shows the outer -//! proof's soundness dominates the end-to-end bound. Probe AB reports the -//! cost reduction AND the inner-layer bit level at each setting; the auditor -//! must clear the composition argument (`[VERIFY]`) before any sub-100-bit -//! inner FRI ships. 64-bit inner is a plausible recursion setting; 46-bit is -//! reported as a cost-floor data point, NOT a deployment recommendation. -//! -//! # Combined best config -//! -//! Poseidon2-inner-MMCS (already the baseline) + ZK-only-outer (non-hiding -//! inner, the baseline non-zk inner) + cheaper-inner-FRI (48-query inner, 64-bit -//! `[VERIFY]`), aggregated under a full-strength non-hiding outer. Reported as -//! the recursion-friendly floor for the 8+1 aggregation. -//! -//! # What is measured -//! -//! For each config: 8+1 aggregator recursion-circuit STARK-prove warm p50/p90 -//! over >= 5 runs after warmup, cold prove, build wall-time, peak RSS -//! (`getrusage`). Every proof is verified (hard gate). Packing type + thread -//! count printed. Reduction factor vs the Probe-X baseline and the recomposed -//! `/api/send` estimate are reported per config. -//! -//! # Recomposition -//! -//! `/api/send` ~= Probe T transition (0.31 s) + AB aggregation prove + node -//! overhead (5.6 s), vs Plonky2 ~10 s live / 4.35 s warm single-prove. -//! -//! # The honest verdict -//! -//! Stated plainly at the end: does the combined recursion-friendly config pull -//! `/api/send` clearly under Plonky2, and by how much — or is the dominant win -//! (Lever 1) already banked in the Probe-X baseline, leaving only the modest -//! query-count and the ZK-only-outer savings, which do NOT change the verdict? -//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of the -//! speed outcome. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{ - HidingFriProofTargets, InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs, -}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// BabyBear recursion config — Poseidon2 field-native MMCS for the inner carrier -// proofs (NOT Keccak). This is the SAME `MyMmcs` Probe X uses, made explicit -// here to document Lever 1's finding: the inner hash the in-circuit verifier -// recomputes is already Poseidon2. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -type F = BabyBear; -const D: usize = 4; -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const RATE: usize = 8; -const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; -/// Field-native Poseidon2 sponge hash — the circuit-friendly inner hash. -type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; -/// Poseidon2 Merkle MMCS (Lever 1: already field-native, not Keccak). -type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - 2, - DIGEST_ELEMS, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; -type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// Non-hiding inner-proof FRI target type (Lever 2: ZK-only-outer keeps inner -/// non-hiding; this is the baseline inner shape). -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -// --- Hiding (true ZK) inner config — Lever 2's "cost of ZK-on-inner" arm. ---- -// Same Poseidon2 hash family AND the same `MyMmcs` Merkle MMCS; the ONLY -// difference vs the non-hiding inner is `HidingFriPcs` (which adds random -// masking codewords) instead of `TwoAdicFriPcs`. This matches the upstream -// recursion ZK shape (`recursion/tests/zk_aggregation.rs`): hiding is achieved -// by the PCS, not by a hiding MMCS, so the in-circuit verifier reuses the same -// `RecValMmcs` recompute path. -type HidingPcs = HidingFriPcs; -type HidingConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// Hiding inner-proof FRI target type — wraps the non-hiding inner FRI proof -/// targets plus the random-opened-values the hiding PCS adds. -type InnerFriHiding = HidingFriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// Inner-proof FRI configuration for the recursed (inner) carrier proofs. -/// The OUTER aggregation proof is always full-strength non-hiding `new_benchmark`. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct InnerFriCfg { - /// FRI `num_queries` for the inner proofs (the in-circuit-opening driver). - num_queries: usize, - /// FRI `log_blowup` for the inner proofs. - log_blowup: usize, - /// Query proof-of-work bits. - query_pow_bits: usize, - /// Commit proof-of-work bits. - commit_pow_bits: usize, - /// `log_final_poly_len`. - log_final_poly_len: usize, - /// Human label. - label: &'static str, -} - -impl InnerFriCfg { - /// The Probe-X non-zk baseline inner FRI: `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, 100 - /// queries, 16-bit query PoW => 116 conjectured bits). - const BASELINE: Self = Self { - num_queries: 100, - log_blowup: 1, - query_pow_bits: 16, - commit_pow_bits: 0, - log_final_poly_len: 0, - label: "baseline new_benchmark (blowup=1, q=100, 116-bit)", - }; - - /// Cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits). A - /// plausible recursion-inner setting if the composition argument holds. - const Q48: Self = Self { - num_queries: 48, - label: "cheaper inner FRI (blowup=1, q=48, 64-bit [VERIFY])", - ..Self::BASELINE - }; - - /// Cost-floor data point: 30 queries (1*30 + 16 = 46 bits). Reported for the - /// curve shape, NOT a deployment recommendation. - const Q30: Self = Self { - num_queries: 30, - label: "cost-floor inner FRI (blowup=1, q=30, 46-bit [VERIFY])", - ..Self::BASELINE - }; - - fn conjectured_bits(&self) -> usize { - self.log_blowup * self.num_queries + self.query_pow_bits - } - - /// Build a concrete (non-hiding) `FriParameters` from this config. - fn fri_params(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - FriParameters { - log_blowup: self.log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, - max_log_arity: 1, - num_queries: self.num_queries, - commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, - query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, - mmcs, - } - } - - /// Build a concrete hiding `FriParameters` from this config (reuses the - /// same `ChallengeMmcs` as the non-hiding path; hiding is in the PCS). - fn fri_params_hiding(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - FriParameters { - log_blowup: self.log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, - max_log_arity: 1, - num_queries: self.num_queries, - commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, - query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, - mmcs, - } - } -} - -/// Build a non-hiding BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given inner FRI config. -fn make_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = cfg.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// Build a hiding (true ZK) BabyBear config under the given inner FRI config. -fn make_hiding_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> HidingConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = cfg.fri_params_hiding(challenge_mmcs); - // num_random_codewords = 4 (matches Probe W's true-ZK arm). - let pcs = HidingPcs::new( - Dft::default(), - val_mmcs, - fri_params, - 4, - SmallRng::seed_from_u64(0xAB02), - ); - HidingConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching the inner FRI config, with real MMCS -/// verification (`with_mmcs`, Poseidon2 — Lever 1: field-native, the only -/// in-circuit hash the recursion verifier supports). The scalar knobs do NOT -/// include `num_queries`: the in-circuit verifier processes whatever number of -/// query openings the proof actually carries, so the cheaper-inner-FRI lever -/// (fewer queries) is driven entirely by the inner proof shape. -fn fri_verifier_params(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> FriVerifierParams { - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - cfg.log_blowup, - cfg.log_final_poly_len, - cfg.commit_pow_bits, - cfg.query_pow_bits, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// CarrierAir — Probe R/X two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with -// `v_out == v_in + 1`. The inner proof the recursion circuit verifies. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { - [*air] -} - -// ========================================================================== -// NON-HIDING inner path (baseline + cheaper-inner-FRI + combined). -// ========================================================================== - -/// A non-hiding inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs. -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove one honest non-hiding carrier layer. -fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify (non-hiding inner)"); - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -/// Allocate one non-hiding carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit`. -fn add_carrier_verifier( - config: &MyConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &Layer, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "carrier's two public values must surface" - ); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier (Poseidon2 MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -/// Set FRI MMCS private data for one non-hiding inner proof. -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &Layer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &layer.proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data (non-hiding)"); -} - -// ========================================================================== -// HIDING inner path (Lever 2: cost of ZK-on-inner, the cost ZK-only-outer saves). -// ========================================================================== - -/// A hiding (true ZK) inner carrier proof. -struct HidingLayer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl HidingLayer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove one honest hiding carrier layer. -fn prove_layer_hiding(config: &HidingConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> HidingLayer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify (hiding inner)"); - HidingLayer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -type ViHiding = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder< - HidingConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InnerFriHiding, ->; - -/// Allocate one hiding carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit`. -fn add_carrier_verifier_hiding( - config: &HidingConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &HidingLayer, -) -> (ViHiding, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = ViHiding::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), 2, "two public values"); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier (hiding inner)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -/// Set FRI MMCS private data for one hiding inner proof. The hiding PCS opening -/// proof is `(random_opened_values, inner_fri_proof)`; pass the inner part `.1`. -fn set_mmcs_for_hiding( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &HidingLayer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &layer.proof.opening_proof.1, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data (hiding)"); -} - -/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. -const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; - -/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit. -struct ProveResult { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, - witness_count: usize, -} - -/// Shared outer-prove machinery: given the built circuit, compiled tables and -/// packed inputs (closure producing fresh traces), STARK-prove warm/cold and -/// return timings. Outer proof is always full-strength non-hiding. -fn measure_outer_prove( - circuit: &p3_circuit::Circuit, - run_witness: impl Fn() -> p3_circuit::Traces, - build_ms: f64, - witness_count: usize, -) -> ProveResult { - let outer_cfg = InnerFriCfg::BASELINE; // outer = full strength, non-hiding. - let config = make_config(&outer_cfg); - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = - BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(&outer_cfg)).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - // cold prove + verify. - let traces = run_witness(); - let t_cold = Instant::now(); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); - let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); - - // warmup. - let traces_warm = run_witness(); - let _ = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warmup prove"); - const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let traces_run = run_witness(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warm prove"); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); - } - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - - ProveResult { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - witness_count, - } -} - -/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator recursion circuit with NON-HIDING inner -/// proofs at inner FRI `cfg`, then STARK-PROVE it (outer = full strength). -/// Covers: baseline (cfg = BASELINE), cheaper-inner-FRI (Q48/Q30), combined. -fn prove_aggregator_nonhiding(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize) -> ProveResult { - let config = make_config(cfg); - let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); - - // inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + 8 sources. - let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - // IVC carry (cost-faithful select+connect, value-semantics proven in Probe R). - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - // pack inputs: all 8 source slots active (worst case). - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot. - } - - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - measure_outer_prove(&circuit, run_witness, build_ms, witness_count) -} - -/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator with HIDING (true ZK) inner proofs at -/// inner FRI `cfg`, then STARK-PROVE it (outer = full strength non-hiding). -/// Lever 2's "cost of ZK-on-inner" arm: the cost ZK-only-outer SAVES. -fn prove_aggregator_hiding(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize) -> ProveResult { - let config = make_hiding_config(cfg); - let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); - - let predecessor = prove_layer_hiding(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| prove_layer_hiding(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = - add_carrier_verifier_hiding(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier_hiding(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("hiding aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); - } - - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for_hiding(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for_hiding(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("hiding aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - measure_outer_prove(&circuit, run_witness, build_ms, witness_count) -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Composition anchors (from Probe X / the migration research). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Probe X non-zk baseline aggregation prove (8+1), ms. -const PROBE_X_NONZK_MS: f64 = 4000.0; -/// Probe X zk (blowup-2 proxy) baseline aggregation prove, ms. -const PROBE_X_ZK_MS: f64 = 6700.0; -/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove, ms. -const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; -/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. -const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; -/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. -const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. -const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; - -/// Recomposed `/api/send` estimate = Probe T transition + AB aggregation + -/// node overhead. -fn recomposed_send_ms(aggregation_ms: f64) -> f64 { - PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + aggregation_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS -} - -#[test] -fn probe_ab_recursion_friendly() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n===== Probe AB: recursion-friendly 8+1 aggregation (vs Probe X baseline) ====="); - println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + {MAX_IN_COINS} source carriers,"); - println!(" flat single-layer verify_batch_circuit + active masks + IVC carry."); - println!( - "stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level)." - ); - println!("inner hash : Poseidon2 field-native MMCS (Lever 1: already circuit-friendly)."); - println!("in-circuit hash: Poseidon2 (BABY_BEAR_D4_W16) — the ONLY hash the recursion"); - println!(" verifier supports; a Keccak inner MMCS is NOT verifiable here."); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Probe X baseline : {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms non-zk / {PROBE_X_ZK_MS:.0} ms zk (8+1 aggregation)" - ); - println!( - "Plonky2 anchors : {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" - ); - - // Inner carrier trace height (recursion-circuit cost is verifier-area - // driven, ~independent of inner trace height; matches Probe X). - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - println!( - "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {MAX_IN_COINS}/{MAX_IN_COINS} (worst case)", - inner_rows.trailing_zeros() - ); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Lever 1 — circuit-friendly inner hash: Poseidon2-MMCS vs Keccak-MMCS. - // The baseline below IS the Poseidon2-MMCS config. The Keccak-MMCS config - // is a non-verifying blocker, reported (not measured). - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n--- Lever 1: circuit-friendly inner hash (Poseidon2 vs Keccak MMCS) ---"); - println!( - " Baseline inner MMCS = MerkleTreeMmcs<.., PaddingFreeSponge>>" - ); - println!(" => the inner carrier proofs ALREADY commit with a field-native Poseidon2 hash."); - println!(" In-circuit verify_batch_circuit recomputes leaf hashes via the Poseidon2 circuit"); - println!(" permutation table only (recursion/src/pcs/mmcs.rs is PermConfig-based)."); - println!(" BLOCKER: a Keccak-MMCS inner proof has NO in-circuit recompute gadget in this"); - println!(" recursion stack -> it cannot be verified by verify_batch_circuit at all. The"); - println!( - " ~10-50x in-circuit Keccak penalty is therefore NOT in the baseline (never paid);" - ); - println!(" Lever 1's dominant win is ALREADY BANKED in the Probe-X Poseidon2 baseline."); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Measure the configs. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // (a) BASELINE: Poseidon2-MMCS inner, full inner FRI, non-hiding (= Probe X non-zk). - println!( - "\n[measure] baseline (Poseidon2-MMCS, {})", - InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.label - ); - let baseline = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::BASELINE, inner_rows); - print_result( - "baseline", - &baseline, - InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), - ); - - // (b) Lever 2 — cost of ZK-on-inner (hiding inner) vs non-hiding inner. - // non-hiding inner = baseline; hiding inner = this measurement. - println!("\n[measure] Lever 2: ZK-on-inner cost (HidingFriPcs inner, full FRI)"); - let hiding_inner = prove_aggregator_hiding(&InnerFriCfg::BASELINE, inner_rows); - print_result( - "hiding-inner", - &hiding_inner, - InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), - ); - - // (c) Lever 3 — cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (64-bit) and 30 queries (46-bit). - println!("\n[measure] Lever 3: cheaper inner FRI q=48 (64-bit [VERIFY])"); - let q48 = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q48, inner_rows); - print_result("inner-FRI q=48", &q48, InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits()); - - println!("\n[measure] Lever 3 floor: cheaper inner FRI q=30 (46-bit [VERIFY])"); - let q30 = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q30, inner_rows); - print_result("inner-FRI q=30", &q30, InnerFriCfg::Q30.conjectured_bits()); - - // (d) Combined best config: Poseidon2-MMCS (baseline) + ZK-only-outer - // (non-hiding inner = baseline) + cheaper-inner-FRI (q=48, 64-bit). - // Note: combined == Q48 here, because the Poseidon2-MMCS win is already - // in the baseline and ZK-only-outer == non-hiding inner == the baseline - // inner shape. We re-measure under the combined label for a clean number. - println!("\n[measure] COMBINED best (Poseidon2-MMCS + ZK-only-outer + inner FRI q=48)"); - let combined = prove_aggregator_nonhiding(&InnerFriCfg::Q48, inner_rows); - print_result("COMBINED", &combined, InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits()); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Per-lever reduction factors vs Probe X (4.0 s non-zk). - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n======================= Probe AB reduction factors =========================="); - println!("(reduction factor = Probe X non-zk baseline {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms / config p50)"); - let measured_baseline = baseline.p50_ms; - println!( - "{:<30} {:>10} {:>10} {:>14}", - "config", "p50_ms", "vs ProbeX", "inner-bits" - ); - let report = |name: &str, r: &ProveResult, bits: usize| { - let factor = PROBE_X_NONZK_MS / r.p50_ms; - println!( - "{:<30} {:>10.0} {:>9.2}x {:>14}", - name, r.p50_ms, factor, bits - ); - }; - report( - "baseline (Poseidon2-MMCS)", - &baseline, - InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), - ); - report( - "Lever2 hiding-inner (ZK-on-in)", - &hiding_inner, - InnerFriCfg::BASELINE.conjectured_bits(), - ); - report( - "Lever3 inner-FRI q=48", - &q48, - InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits(), - ); - report( - "Lever3 floor inner-FRI q=30", - &q30, - InnerFriCfg::Q30.conjectured_bits(), - ); - report( - "COMBINED best", - &combined, - InnerFriCfg::Q48.conjectured_bits(), - ); - - // Lever-specific deltas relative to the MEASURED baseline (not the Probe X - // constant) so the lever effects are isolated from cross-machine drift. - println!("\n----------------- per-lever effect vs MEASURED baseline ----------------------"); - println!( - "Lever 1 (Poseidon2 vs Keccak MMCS): win ALREADY BANKED in baseline (Keccak inner does" - ); - println!(" not verify in this stack) -> 0 further headroom on this axis."); - let zk_on_inner_delta = hiding_inner.p50_ms - measured_baseline; - let zk_on_inner_factor = hiding_inner.p50_ms / measured_baseline; - println!( - "Lever 2 (ZK-only-outer): hiding inner costs {:.0} ms vs non-hiding {:.0} ms (+{:.0} ms, {:.2}x).", - hiding_inner.p50_ms, measured_baseline, zk_on_inner_delta, zk_on_inner_factor - ); - println!( - " => keeping the 8+1 inner verifications NON-hiding SAVES ~{:.0} ms ({:.2}x). [VERIFY soundness]", - zk_on_inner_delta.max(0.0), - zk_on_inner_factor - ); - let q48_factor = measured_baseline / q48.p50_ms; - let q30_factor = measured_baseline / q30.p50_ms; - println!( - "Lever 3 (cheaper inner FRI): q=48 -> {:.2}x vs baseline (64-bit), q=30 -> {:.2}x (46-bit).", - q48_factor, q30_factor - ); - println!( - " [VERIFY] inner-layer bits < outer (116) requires the composition argument cleared." - ); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Recomposed /api/send verdict. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n==================== recomposed /api/send (T + AB + node) ===================="); - println!( - "formula: send = ProbeT {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + AB aggregation + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" - ); - let send_baseline = recomposed_send_ms(baseline.p50_ms); - let send_combined = recomposed_send_ms(combined.p50_ms); - let send_q30 = recomposed_send_ms(q30.p50_ms); - println!( - "baseline : agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - baseline.p50_ms, send_baseline - ); - println!( - "COMBINED : agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - combined.p50_ms, send_combined - ); - println!( - "q=30 floor: agg {:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms (46-bit inner, NOT a deployment rec)", - q30.p50_ms, send_q30 - ); - - let verdict = |label: &str, send_ms: f64| { - let (rel_warm, fac_warm) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / send_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) - }; - let (rel_live, fac_live) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) - }; - println!( - " {label:<10} send {send_ms:.0} ms: vs Plonky2 warm {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} -> {rel_warm} {fac_warm:.2}x | vs live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} -> {rel_live} {fac_live:.2}x" - ); - }; - println!("\nverdict vs Plonky2:"); - verdict("baseline", send_baseline); - verdict("COMBINED", send_combined); - verdict("q=30", send_q30); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // The honest bottom line. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); - println!("Lever 1 (circuit-friendly inner hash) is the brief's predicted dominant win — but"); - println!("for THIS recursion stack it is ALREADY BANKED: the Probe-X baseline commits inner"); - println!("proofs with Poseidon2 MMCS and the in-circuit verifier is Poseidon2-only (a Keccak"); - println!("inner MMCS does not even verify here). So there is no further win to harvest on the"); - println!("dominant axis; the baseline is the recursion-friendly-hash config."); - println!( - "Lever 2 (ZK-only-outer) SAVES ~{:.0} ms ({:.2}x) by keeping the 8 inner verifications", - (hiding_inner.p50_ms - measured_baseline).max(0.0), - hiding_inner.p50_ms / measured_baseline - ); - println!(" non-hiding [VERIFY soundness of non-hiding inner under hiding outer]."); - println!( - "Lever 3 (cheaper inner FRI) gives {:.2}x at 64-bit / {:.2}x at 46-bit inner [VERIFY].", - q48_factor, q30_factor - ); - println!( - "COMBINED best aggregation p50 = {:.0} ms (vs Probe X {PROBE_X_NONZK_MS:.0} ms => {:.2}x).", - combined.p50_ms, - PROBE_X_NONZK_MS / combined.p50_ms - ); - let send_combined_factor_live = PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_combined; - if send_combined < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - println!( - "VERDICT: recursion-friendly config pulls /api/send to {send_combined:.0} ms — UNDER even" - ); - println!( - " Plonky2's warm single-prove {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms. The speed case is RESTORED." - ); - } else if send_combined < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - println!( - "VERDICT: recursion-friendly config pulls /api/send to {send_combined:.0} ms — FASTER than" - ); - println!( - " Plonky2's LIVE {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send by {send_combined_factor_live:.2}x, but" - ); - if send_combined / PLONKY2_WARM_MS < MARGIN_BAND { - println!( - " still ~WASH vs the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. PARTIAL recovery." - ); - } else { - println!( - " SLOWER than the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. PARTIAL recovery only:" - ); - println!( - " the dominant Lever-1 win was already in the baseline, so the remaining levers" - ); - println!( - " (ZK-only-outer + cheaper inner FRI) do not clear the warm bar at 8+1 fan-in." - ); - } - } else { - println!( - "VERDICT: even the combined recursion-friendly config leaves /api/send at {send_combined:.0} ms," - ); - println!( - " SLOWER than Plonky2's live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send. The recursion overhead at 8+1" - ); - println!(" fan-in is NOT recoverable by these circuit-side levers. Stated plainly."); - } - println!("Faithful single-aggregator-layer shape; a 2-to-1 tree costs strictly more, so these"); - println!( - "are conservative lower bounds. All proofs verified. Outer proof = full-strength FRI." - ); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Hard gates: every config measured + verified (verification is inside each - // prove path via verify_all_tables; reaching here means all passed). - assert!(baseline.p50_ms > 0.0, "baseline measured"); - assert!(hiding_inner.p50_ms > 0.0, "hiding-inner measured"); - assert!(q48.p50_ms > 0.0, "q48 measured"); - assert!(q30.p50_ms > 0.0, "q30 measured"); - assert!(combined.p50_ms > 0.0, "combined measured"); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} - -/// Print one measured config row. -fn print_result(name: &str, r: &ProveResult, inner_bits: usize) { - println!( - " {name:<16}: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB | public_flat_len={} inner_bits={}", - r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb, r.witness_count, inner_bits - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 7387b658..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,928 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe AC — the `MAX_IN_COINS` **fan-in sweep**: how does the in-circuit -//! source-aggregation STARK-prove cost scale as you reduce the number of -//! in-coins a send may consume, and how far does that pull `/api/send` toward -//! (or under) Plonky2? -//! -//! # The one protocol-level lever -//! -//! Probe X measured the production fan-in (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor / -//! IVC carrier) recursion-overhead STARK-prove at **4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk** -//! and found it DOMINATES the full populated `/api/send` prove — erasing the -//! Probe-T single-transition win. Probe AB then swept the *circuit-side* levers -//! (inner hash, ZK-only-outer, cheaper inner FRI) and found the dominant -//! inner-hash win is already banked, leaving the cheaper-inner-FRI lever -//! (q=48 -> 64-bit inner) as the only non-trivial circuit-side reduction -//! (~2.4x on the aggregation in Probe AB's run). -//! -//! Probe AC turns the remaining knob: **`MAX_IN_COINS` itself**. The aggregator -//! verifies one `verify_batch_circuit` per in-coin slot, and each such verifier -//! sub-circuit adds committed AREA that must be STARK-proved. So the aggregation -//! cost is, to first order, a baseline (the predecessor/IVC verifier + the -//! poseidon2/recompose table overhead) PLUS a per-source term times the fan-in. -//! Reducing `MAX_IN_COINS` from 8 removes per-source verifier areas directly. -//! -//! **This is the ONE lever that is PROTOCOL-visible, not circuit-internal.** -//! `MAX_IN_COINS` caps how many in-coins a single send can consume. Lowering it -//! is an operator/protocol decision with a user-facing cost: a wallet holding -//! many small coins must either consolidate first (an extra send) or split a -//! payment across more sends when it needs more than `MAX_IN_COINS` inputs. So -//! the payoff measured here is bought with a real protocol restriction — this -//! probe quantifies BOTH sides so the operator can make the call honestly. -//! -//! # What is swept -//! -//! Fan-in N ∈ {1, 2, 4, 8} source carriers + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. For -//! each N we build the N+1 aggregator recursion circuit (the exact Probe-X -//! construction: in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` per inner proof, per-source -//! `active`-bit mask in Probe E's allocation order, IVC carry select+connect), -//! STARK-prove it via the low-level `prove_all_tables` path (NOT #436's broken -//! high-level multi-layer API — see Probe X's module doc for the #436 boundary), -//! verify every proof, and measure warm p50/p90 + peak RSS. -//! -//! The sweep is run twice: -//! -//! 1. **Production-strength** inner FRI (`new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 -//! queries, 16-bit query PoW => 116 conjectured bits) — matching Probe X. -//! This is the headline curve. -//! 2. **Cheaper-inner-FRI** (Probe AB's lever: 48 queries => 64 conjectured -//! bits `[VERIFY]`) — so the COMBINATION of the two levers -//! (smaller MAX_IN_COINS + cheaper inner FRI) is visible, e.g. the -//! N=4 + q=48 corner. -//! -//! All proofs verify (hard gate). Packing type + thread count printed. -//! -//! # The flat single-layer shape (faithful + conservative) -//! -//! As in Probe X: a flat single-layer aggregator that verifies all N+1 inner -//! proofs in one circuit has prove-cost = sum of the in-circuit verifier areas. -//! A 2-to-1 fan-in tree over the N sources verifies the SAME N proofs but splits -//! them across intermediate layers that ALSO must be STARK-proved and re-verified -//! — strictly MORE total work. So each flat N+1 figure is the faithful -//! single-aggregator-layer cost AND a conservative lower bound on a tree. -//! -//! # Recomposition -//! -//! `/api/send` ~= Probe T transition (0.31 s) + AC aggregation prove (per N) + -//! Plonky3 node overhead (5.6 s), vs Plonky2 ~10 s live / 4.35 s warm -//! single-prove. -//! -//! # The honest verdict -//! -//! Stated plainly at the end: how far does reducing `MAX_IN_COINS` pull -//! `/api/send` toward / under Plonky2; whether the cost is linear or sublinear -//! in fan-in (i.e. how large the fixed baseline is vs the per-source term); -//! whether `MAX_IN_COINS = 4` or `= 2`, COMBINED with cheaper-inner-FRI (AB), -//! yields a clear deployable win; and at what protocol cost (fewer in-coins per -//! send). The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of -//! the speed outcome. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// BabyBear recursion config — Poseidon2 field-native MMCS for the inner carrier -// proofs (the SAME `MyMmcs` Probe X / AB use), parameterised by inner FRI so the -// sweep can run at production strength (q=100, 116-bit) AND at the Probe-AB -// cheaper-inner-FRI setting (q=48, 64-bit). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -type F = BabyBear; -const D: usize = 4; -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const RATE: usize = 8; -const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; -type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; -type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - 2, - DIGEST_ELEMS, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; -type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// FRI configuration for the carrier proofs and the matching in-circuit -/// verifier. Probe AC runs the WHOLE recursion (inner carrier proofs + outer -/// aggregation prove) at one config per sweep: the production row uses `PROD` -/// (matching Probe X exactly, where inner and outer share `new_benchmark`), the -/// cheaper-FRI row uses `Q48` end-to-end. `num_queries` is the dominant -/// in-circuit (and STARK-proved) area driver, so this knob is what the -/// cheaper-inner-FRI lever turns. (Probe AB instead pinned a full-strength outer -/// and varied only the inner; here we vary both together so the production row -/// is the faithful Probe-X reproduction and the cheaper row is the clean -/// best-case combination — both are honest, just different reference points, -/// stated in the verdict.) -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct InnerFriCfg { - /// FRI `num_queries` for the inner proofs (the in-circuit-opening driver). - num_queries: usize, - /// FRI `log_blowup` for the inner proofs. - log_blowup: usize, - /// Query proof-of-work bits. - query_pow_bits: usize, - /// Commit proof-of-work bits. - commit_pow_bits: usize, - /// `log_final_poly_len`. - log_final_poly_len: usize, - /// Human label. - label: &'static str, -} - -impl InnerFriCfg { - /// Production-strength inner FRI = Probe X baseline: `new_benchmark` - /// (blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW => 1*100 + 16 = 116 bits). - const PROD: Self = Self { - num_queries: 100, - log_blowup: 1, - query_pow_bits: 16, - commit_pow_bits: 0, - log_final_poly_len: 0, - label: "production new_benchmark (blowup=1, q=100, 116-bit)", - }; - - /// Probe-AB cheaper inner FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits). - /// A plausible recursion-inner setting if the composition argument holds - /// `[VERIFY]`. - const Q48: Self = Self { - num_queries: 48, - label: "cheaper inner FRI (blowup=1, q=48, 64-bit [VERIFY])", - ..Self::PROD - }; - - fn conjectured_bits(&self) -> usize { - self.log_blowup * self.num_queries + self.query_pow_bits - } - - /// Build a concrete (non-hiding) `FriParameters` from this config. - fn fri_params(&self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - FriParameters { - log_blowup: self.log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len: self.log_final_poly_len, - max_log_arity: 1, - num_queries: self.num_queries, - commit_proof_of_work_bits: self.commit_pow_bits, - query_proof_of_work_bits: self.query_pow_bits, - mmcs, - } - } -} - -/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given inner FRI config. -fn make_config(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = cfg.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching the inner FRI config, with real MMCS -/// verification (`with_mmcs`, Poseidon2 — the sound production path, NOT Probe -/// R's arithmetic-only). The scalar knobs do NOT include `num_queries`: the -/// in-circuit verifier processes whatever number of query openings the proof -/// actually carries, so the cheaper-inner-FRI lever (fewer queries) is driven -/// entirely by the inner proof shape. -fn fri_verifier_params(cfg: &InnerFriCfg) -> FriVerifierParams { - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - cfg.log_blowup, - cfg.log_final_poly_len, - cfg.commit_pow_bits, - cfg.query_pow_bits, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// CarrierAir — Probe R/X two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with the -// native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. The inner proof the recursion circuit -// verifies; each source coin and the predecessor account is one such carrier. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -/// A produced inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs. -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height under `config`. -fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify"); - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { - [*air] -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -/// Allocate one carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit` against -/// it under the (real-MMCS) verifier params. Returns the verifier-inputs builder -/// AND the MMCS op-ids the in-circuit FRI verifier produced (for the -/// Merkle-opening private data at witness-gen time, the sound `with_mmcs` path). -fn add_carrier_verifier( - config: &MyConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &Layer, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "carrier's two public values must surface" - ); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &Layer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &layer.proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data"); -} - -/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit at one -/// fan-in N under one inner FRI config. -struct ProveResult { - fan_in: usize, - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, - witness_count: usize, -} - -/// Build the fan-in `N + 1` aggregator recursion circuit (N source carriers + 1 -/// predecessor / IVC carrier), then STARK-PROVE it. `fan_in` = N source slots; -/// the circuit is fixed-shape at exactly N slots (this is what lowering -/// `MAX_IN_COINS` to N would produce). All N source slots are active (worst -/// case), mirroring Probe X / AB's all-active measurement. -/// -/// Steps (the production recursion shape, identical to Probe X but with N slots): -/// 1. Verify the predecessor (IVC) carrier in-circuit, surfacing `V_prev`. -/// 2. For each of N source slots: verify its carrier in-circuit, surface -/// `[v_in, v_out]`, apply the `active`-bit mask in the Probe-E allocation -/// order (verifier inputs, then this slot's `active` public input). -/// 3. Connect the IVC carry (cost-faithful select+connect; value-semantics -/// proven sound in Probe R). -/// 4. Compile to tables and STARK-prove via the low-level `prove_all_tables` -/// path (NOT #436's high-level API). Verify the proof, warm p50/p90 + RSS. -fn prove_aggregator(cfg: &InnerFriCfg, inner_rows: usize, fan_in: usize) -> ProveResult { - assert!(fan_in >= 1, "fan-in must be >= 1 source slot"); - let config = make_config(cfg); - let vparams = fri_verifier_params(cfg); - - // --- inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + N sources ------------------- - let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - let sources: Vec = (0..fan_in) - .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - // 2. N source carriers verified in-circuit, each with an active-bit mask in - // the Probe-E allocation order (verifier inputs first, then this slot's - // `active` public input — the per-source allocation-order fix Probe X's - // module doc notes, reproduced in the pack_values ordering below). - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(fan_in); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - // expected emitted value for an honest active slot i = (200 + i) + 1. - let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - // 3. IVC carry: cost-faithful select+connect threading the predecessor's - // emitted value through a select gate (committed work). Value-semantics - // (pred_v_out == aggregated source in) proven sound in Probe R; here we - // measure COST. Binds source[0]'s v_in -> the carry, gated on slot 0. - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; // threaded as committed work; value-semantics proven in R. - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - // --- compile to tables (NPO preprocessors for poseidon2 + recompose) ---- - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - - // --- pack public/private inputs + MMCS private data -------------------- - // All N source slots active (worst case). Public inputs are over the - // challenge (extension) field. We pack in EXACT allocation order: - // predecessor verifier inputs, then for each source (verifier inputs, then - // its `active` public input). - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(Challenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot (worst case). - } - - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(cfg)).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- - let traces = run_witness(); - let t_cold = Instant::now(); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); - let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); - - // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ - let traces_warm = run_witness(); - let _ = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warmup prove"); - const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let traces_run = run_witness(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warm prove"); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); - } - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - - ProveResult { - fan_in, - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - witness_count, - } -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Composition anchors (from Probe T / X / AB and the migration research). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Current production fan-in cap (the value Probe AC sweeps DOWN from). -const MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT: usize = 8; -/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove, ms. -const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; -/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. -const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; -/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. -const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. -const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; - -/// Recomposed `/api/send` estimate = Probe T transition + AC aggregation + -/// Plonky3 node overhead. -fn recomposed_send_ms(aggregation_ms: f64) -> f64 { - PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + aggregation_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS -} - -/// The fan-in values to sweep (source coins). N=8 is the current `MAX_IN_COINS`. -const FAN_INS: [usize; 4] = [1, 2, 4, 8]; - -#[test] -fn probe_ac_max_in_coins_sweep() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n===== Probe AC: MAX_IN_COINS fan-in sweep (the one protocol-level lever) ====="); - println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + N source carriers (N swept),"); - println!(" flat single-layer verify_batch_circuit + active masks + IVC carry."); - println!( - "stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level path)." - ); - println!( - "inner verifier : FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS opening checks)." - ); - println!( - "inner hash : Poseidon2 field-native MMCS (circuit-friendly; matches Probe X/AB)." - ); - println!("all source slots active (worst case), matching Probe X / AB."); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "anchors : ProbeT {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms transition | node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" - ); - println!( - " Plonky2 {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" - ); - println!( - "PROTOCOL COST : lowering MAX_IN_COINS to N caps a send at N in-coins; a wallet with" - ); - println!( - " >N small coins must consolidate first (extra send) or split payment." - ); - - // Inner carrier trace height (recursion-circuit cost is verifier-area - // driven, ~independent of inner trace height; matches Probe X / AB). - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - println!( - "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | sweeping N in {:?} (current MAX_IN_COINS={MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT})", - inner_rows.trailing_zeros(), - FAN_INS - ); - - let configs = [InnerFriCfg::PROD, InnerFriCfg::Q48]; - - // results[config_idx] = Vec of (ProveResult) over FAN_INS. - let mut all_results: Vec<(InnerFriCfg, Vec)> = Vec::new(); - - for cfg in &configs { - println!( - "\n--- sweep @ inner+verifier FRI = {} ({} bits) ---", - cfg.label, - cfg.conjectured_bits() - ); - let mut rows = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_INS.len()); - for &n in &FAN_INS { - let r = prove_aggregator(cfg, inner_rows, n); - println!( - " N={:<2} (N+1={:<2} verified): build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB public_flat_len={}", - r.fan_in, - r.fan_in + 1, - r.build_ms, - r.cold_ms, - r.p50_ms, - r.p90_ms, - r.rss_mb, - r.witness_count - ); - rows.push(r); - } - all_results.push((*cfg, rows)); - } - - // The N=8 production-strength figure is the Probe-X-equivalent reference. - let prod_rows = &all_results[0].1; - let q48_rows = &all_results[1].1; - let n8_prod = prod_rows - .iter() - .find(|r| r.fan_in == MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT) - .expect("N=8 production row") - .p50_ms; - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Sweep table: aggregation p50, reduction vs N=8, recomposed /api/send. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n===================== Probe AC sweep results (warm, p50) ====================="); - println!("(reduction vs N=8 measured WITHIN the same FRI config; send = ProbeT + agg + node)"); - println!( - "{:<26} {:>3} {:>10} {:>11} {:>13} {:>10}", - "inner FRI", "N", "agg_p50", "vs N=8", "send_est", "rss_MB" - ); - let print_block = |label: &str, rows: &[ProveResult]| { - let n8 = rows - .iter() - .find(|r| r.fan_in == MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT) - .map(|r| r.p50_ms) - .unwrap_or(f64::NAN); - for r in rows { - let reduction = n8 / r.p50_ms; - let send = recomposed_send_ms(r.p50_ms); - println!( - "{:<26} {:>3} {:>9.0}ms {:>10.2}x {:>11.0}ms {:>10.0}", - label, r.fan_in, r.p50_ms, reduction, send, r.rss_mb - ); - } - }; - print_block("production (q=100,116b)", prod_rows); - print_block("cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b)", q48_rows); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Linearity read: is the cost linear or sublinear in fan-in? - // Per-source slope = (p50(N=8) - p50(N=1)) / (8 - 1); fixed baseline ~= - // p50(N=1) minus one per-source term, i.e. predecessor + table overhead. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n------------------------- scaling read (production FRI) ----------------------"); - let p1 = prod_rows[0].p50_ms; // N=1 - let p8 = prod_rows[3].p50_ms; // N=8 - let per_source = (p8 - p1) / (MAX_IN_COINS_CURRENT as f64 - 1.0); - // Extrapolated fixed baseline (N=0: predecessor verifier + poseidon2/ - // recompose tables) = p1 - per_source. - let fixed_baseline = p1 - per_source; - println!( - "N=1 agg = {p1:.0} ms ; N=8 agg = {p8:.0} ms ; per-source slope ~= {per_source:.0} ms/coin" - ); - println!( - "extrapolated fixed baseline (predecessor verifier + tables, N=0) ~= {fixed_baseline:.0} ms" - ); - if fixed_baseline > per_source { - println!( - "=> SUBLINEAR in fan-in: a large fixed baseline ({fixed_baseline:.0} ms) dominates the" - ); - println!( - " per-source term ({per_source:.0} ms). Cutting MAX_IN_COINS removes per-source area" - ); - println!(" but cannot fall below the fixed baseline — diminishing returns below N~2-4."); - } else { - println!( - "=> roughly LINEAR / per-source-dominated: per-source term ({per_source:.0} ms) >= fixed" - ); - println!( - " baseline ({fixed_baseline:.0} ms). Each in-coin removed buys close to a full slot." - ); - } - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Combined-lever corner: N=4 + cheaper inner FRI (the brief's key point). - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - let n4_prod = prod_rows[2].p50_ms; - let n4_q48 = q48_rows[2].p50_ms; - let n2_q48 = q48_rows[1].p50_ms; - println!("\n--------------------- combined lever: MAX_IN_COINS + cheaper-FRI -------------"); - println!( - "N=8 production (Probe-X-equiv) : agg {n8_prod:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - recomposed_send_ms(n8_prod) - ); - println!( - "N=4 production : agg {n4_prod:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - recomposed_send_ms(n4_prod) - ); - println!( - "N=4 + cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b) : agg {n4_q48:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48) - ); - println!( - "N=2 + cheaper-FRI (q=48,64b) : agg {n2_q48:.0} ms -> send {:.0} ms", - recomposed_send_ms(n2_q48) - ); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // Verdict vs Plonky2 across the sweep. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= verdict vs Plonky2 ================================"); - let verdict = |label: &str, agg_ms: f64| { - let send_ms = recomposed_send_ms(agg_ms); - let (rel_warm, fac_warm) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / send_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) - }; - let (rel_live, fac_live) = if send_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", send_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) - }; - println!( - " {label:<32} send {send_ms:.0} ms: vs warm {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} -> {rel_warm} {fac_warm:.2}x | vs live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} -> {rel_live} {fac_live:.2}x" - ); - }; - verdict("N=8 production (current)", n8_prod); - verdict("N=4 production", n4_prod); - verdict("N=2 production", prod_rows[1].p50_ms); - verdict("N=1 production", p1); - verdict("N=4 + cheaper-FRI", n4_q48); - verdict("N=2 + cheaper-FRI", n2_q48); - verdict("N=1 + cheaper-FRI", q48_rows[0].p50_ms); - - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - // The honest bottom line. - // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); - println!("MAX_IN_COINS is the ONE protocol-level lever: each in-coin slot is one in-circuit"); - println!( - "verify_batch_circuit whose committed area must be STARK-proved. Sweeping N in {FAN_INS:?}:" - ); - println!( - " per-source slope ~= {per_source:.0} ms/coin over a fixed baseline ~= {fixed_baseline:.0} ms" - ); - println!(" (predecessor verifier + poseidon2/recompose tables — present even at N=1)."); - - // Does ANY combined config clear the warm bar, and at what N? - let best_send = recomposed_send_ms(q48_rows[0].p50_ms.min(n2_q48).min(n4_q48)); - let best_label = if recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - "N=4 + cheaper-FRI" - } else if recomposed_send_ms(n2_q48) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - "N=2 + cheaper-FRI" - } else if recomposed_send_ms(q48_rows[0].p50_ms) < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - "N=1 + cheaper-FRI" - } else { - "(none clears the warm bar)" - }; - - let send_n4_q48 = recomposed_send_ms(n4_q48); - if send_n4_q48 < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - println!( - "VERDICT: MAX_IN_COINS=4 COMBINED with cheaper-inner-FRI pulls /api/send to {send_n4_q48:.0} ms" - ); - println!( - " — UNDER Plonky2's warm single-prove {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms. A CLEAR DEPLOYABLE WIN, at the" - ); - println!( - " protocol cost of capping a send at 4 in-coins (vs 8). Wallets with >4 small coins" - ); - println!(" consolidate first or split — the operator's tradeoff, quantified above."); - } else if send_n4_q48 < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - let fac_live = PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / send_n4_q48; - println!( - "VERDICT: MAX_IN_COINS=4 + cheaper-inner-FRI pulls /api/send to {send_n4_q48:.0} ms — FASTER" - ); - println!(" than Plonky2's LIVE {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms send by {fac_live:.2}x,"); - if send_n4_q48 / PLONKY2_WARM_MS < MARGIN_BAND { - println!( - " and within ~noise of the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove (~WASH on warm)." - ); - } else { - println!( - " but still SLOWER than the {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove. The node overhead" - ); - println!( - " ({NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms) now dominates the recomposed send, so shrinking the aggregation" - ); - println!( - " further (N=2/N=1) yields diminishing send-level returns. Best clearing config:" - ); - println!(" {best_label} -> send {best_send:.0} ms."); - } - println!( - " Protocol cost: capping a send at 4 in-coins. The win is real vs LIVE Plonky2 but the" - ); - println!( - " warm-prove bar is gated by node overhead, not the prove — see verdict table above." - ); - } else { - println!( - "VERDICT: even MAX_IN_COINS=4 + cheaper-inner-FRI leaves /api/send at {send_n4_q48:.0} ms," - ); - println!( - " SLOWER than Plonky2's live {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms. Reducing in-coins alone does not" - ); - println!( - " clear the bar at this overhead; best clearing config: {best_label} (send {best_send:.0} ms)." - ); - } - println!( - "Reading the curve: returns from cutting MAX_IN_COINS are {} (per-source {per_source:.0} ms vs", - if fixed_baseline > per_source { - "SUBLINEAR" - } else { - "near-linear" - } - ); - println!( - " fixed {fixed_baseline:.0} ms). The fixed baseline (predecessor + tables) is the floor no" - ); - println!( - " in-coin reduction can cross — N=1 still pays it. Combine with cheaper-inner-FRI (AB)" - ); - println!(" for the lowest aggregation, then the recomposed send is gated by the 5.6 s node"); - println!( - " overhead, NOT the prove. Faithful single-aggregator-layer shape (a 2-to-1 tree costs" - ); - println!(" strictly more, so these are conservative lower bounds). All proofs verified."); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Hard gates: full sweep measured + verified (verify inside each prove path). - assert_eq!(all_results.len(), 2, "must measure both FRI configs"); - for (_, rows) in &all_results { - assert_eq!(rows.len(), FAN_INS.len(), "all fan-ins measured"); - for r in rows { - assert!(r.p50_ms > 0.0, "fan-in N={} measured", r.fan_in); - } - } - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5aa9dd49..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ad_koalabear.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1089 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe AD — **KoalaBear vs BabyBear**: the 31-bit-field choice, measured. -//! -//! # What this probe answers -//! -//! The Plonky3 migration must pick a field. Three candidates: -//! -//! * **Goldilocks** (`p = 2^64 - 2^32 + 1`) — the no-SDK-change baseline, -//! covered elsewhere (the recursion crate's own Goldilocks harness). -//! * **BabyBear** (`p = 2^31 - 2^27 + 1`, 2-adicity **27**) — every prior perf -//! probe (T, V, W, X, …) used this. Native Poseidon2 S-box **degree 7**. -//! * **KoalaBear** (`p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1`, 2-adicity **24**) — the OTHER fast -//! 31-bit option. Native Poseidon2 S-box **degree 3**. -//! -//! Probe AD is specifically the **BabyBear-vs-KoalaBear** head-to-head (the two -//! fast options). It re-runs the two load-bearing prove operations of the whole -//! audit — the single state-transition (Probe T) and the 8+1 aggregation recursion -//! (Probe X) — in **KoalaBear**, each at KoalaBear's OWN native cryptographic -//! Poseidon2 parameters, and reports the KoalaBear÷BabyBear ratio for both. -//! -//! # The S-box-degree difference — itself a finding -//! -//! This is the crux, and it is NOT a tuning knob we chose: it is each field's -//! own production-intended Poseidon2 instance. -//! -//! * **BabyBear** native Poseidon2-16: S-box **x^7**, 4 half-full + **13** -//! partial rounds. In an AIR the degree-7 S-box needs `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1` -//! (one extra witness column per S-box) to keep the committed constraint -//! degree inside the FRI blowup-2 budget. -//! * **KoalaBear** native Poseidon2-16: S-box **x^3**, 4 half-full + **20** -//! partial rounds. The degree-3 S-box fits the blowup-2 budget directly, so -//! `SBOX_REGISTERS = 0` — **no extra witness column**, a structurally -//! narrower hash-table trace. -//! -//! So KoalaBear trades a cheaper S-box (degree 3, 0 registers) for MORE partial -//! rounds (20 vs 13). Whether that net-helps the hash-dense workload is exactly -//! what AD measures — it is not obvious a priori, and the round-count increase -//! partly offsets the register saving. -//! -//! This degree difference reaches BOTH operations: -//! -//! 1. **Single transition** (Probe-T analog): the hash table is the degree-7 -//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` for BabyBear, the degree-3 one for KoalaBear. -//! The arithmetic table is degree-3 in both (the real circuit's non-hash -//! gates are low-degree regardless of field). So the field difference lives -//! entirely in the hash table. -//! -//! 2. **8+1 aggregation** (Probe-X analog): the recursion crate's in-circuit -//! Poseidon2 *verifier* table is configured per field too — -//! `Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16` is `{sbox_degree: 7, registers: 1, -//! partial: 13}`, `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16` is `{sbox_degree: 3, registers: 0, -//! partial: 20}` (verified by reading the recursion crate's -//! `poseidon2_perm/config.rs`). KoalaBear's verifier table is NARROWER per -//! row (0 vs 1 S-box registers) but runs MORE rounds (20 vs 13 partial), so -//! which field wins the aggregation is an open empirical question the -//! degree-3 S-box does NOT settle in KoalaBear's favour by inspection — and -//! the measurement below shows the round count, not the register width, -//! dominates the recursion prove. -//! -//! # What is measured (identical methodology to T and X) -//! -//! 1. **Single state-transition** — KoalaBear `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` -//! (degree-3, 0 registers, VECTOR_LEN=8) sized to ~4500 real perms -> -//! 2^10 rows, PLUS a degree-3 arithmetic table (the same ~50k non-hash gate -//! proxy as Probe T) at the realistic 2^13 anchor, batched into ONE -//! `prove_batch` proof under `HidingFriPcs` + Keccak-hiding MMCS + -//! `new_benchmark_zk` FRI (blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW), TRUE ZK -//! (`num_random_codewords = 4`). Compared to BabyBear Probe T (~312 ms). -//! -//! 2. **8+1 aggregation** — 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + 8 source carriers -//! verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit` (real `with_mmcs` Merkle -//! openings) with per-slot active-bit masks + the IVC carry select, then -//! STARK-proved via the low-level `prove_all_tables` path (NOT #436's broken -//! high-level API), all in KoalaBear under `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16`. Inner + -//! verifier FRI = `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, production non-zk headline). -//! Compared to BabyBear Probe X (~3.94 s). -//! -//! For each: warm p50/p90 over 5 runs after a warmup, peak RSS (`getrusage`, -//! bytes->MB on macOS), every proof VERIFIED. Packing type printed to confirm -//! KoalaBear gets NEON SIMD packing (`PackedMontyField31Neon`), -//! and the rayon thread width. -//! -//! # Measured outcome (this machine class, M5-Max-class aarch64, 18 threads) -//! -//! The two operations split — and the split is the whole finding: -//! -//! * **Single transition: KoalaBear ~0.81x BabyBear (FASTER, ~1.23x).** The -//! degree-3 / 0-register leaf hash table is genuinely narrower, so the -//! hash-dense single-transition prove is meaningfully cheaper in KoalaBear. -//! * **8+1 aggregation: KoalaBear ~2.14x BabyBear (SLOWER).** Surprising and -//! decisive. The recursion's IN-CIRCUIT Poseidon2 verifier runs **20** -//! partial rounds (KoalaBear) vs **13** (BabyBear); the recursion AIR's -//! per-perm ROW count, not the S-box register width, dominates the -//! aggregation prove, so the +7 rounds (plus KoalaBear's lower-2-adicity -//! MMCS/FFT costs) OUTWEIGH the cheaper S-box. KoalaBear's degree-3 S-box -//! does NOT help the hash-heavy recursion — it hurts it here. -//! -//! Because the **aggregation dominates the full populated send** (Probe X: the -//! recursion prove is ~12x the single transition), the aggregation ratio drives -//! the field decision: at production fan-in KoalaBear is the SLOWER field for -//! zkCoins' actual workload. The faster transition does not redeem it. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! Real measured KoalaBear÷BabyBear ratios for both operations, reported -//! honestly and WEIGHTED by the workload (the dominant aggregation op rules; a -//! faster minor op does not redeem a slower dominant op). Theory says the two -//! 31-bit Montgomery fields have near-identical field-mul speed; the only -//! structural lever is the S-box-degree / round-count tradeoff, and AD shows -//! that lever cuts DIFFERENT ways for the leaf hash (favours KoalaBear) vs the -//! recursion verifier (favours BabyBear). A net difference inside +/-15% is a -//! MARGINAL tiebreaker, NOT a decider — AD says so in plain language rather than -//! spinning a sub-noise delta into a recommendation. Soundness note: KoalaBear's -//! degree-3 S-box and BabyBear's degree-7 S-box are BOTH the fields' own native -//! cryptographic Poseidon2 params (production-intended, designed to the same -//! 128-bit security target with the appropriate round counts), so this is a -//! cost comparison between two production-sound instances, not a security -//! tradeoff the operator is being asked to take. -//! -//! The hard asserts are: every proof verifies, both operations prove under their -//! native params, and (on aarch64) NEON packing is active for KoalaBear. The -//! faster/slower numbers are REPORTED findings, never asserts. - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::{DuplexChallenger, HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::config::{KoalaBearConfig, koala_bear}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_koala_bear::{ - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersKoalaBear, KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, KOALABEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, KoalaBear, Poseidon2KoalaBear, - default_koalabear_poseidon2_16, -}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::KoalaBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config as RecPoseidon2Config, - verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{ - CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher, TruncatedPermutation, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// ========================================================================== -// PART 1 — Single state-transition (Probe-T analog) in KoalaBear. -// ========================================================================== -// -// Crypto config mirrors Probe T verbatim, with BabyBear -> KoalaBear and the -// field's NATIVE Poseidon2 params (degree-3 S-box, 0 registers, 20 partial -// rounds). The Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs + new_benchmark_zk FRI are -// field-agnostic and reused unchanged. - -const T_WIDTH: usize = 16; -const T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = KOALABEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 20 -const T_VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row -const T_SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = KOALABEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 3 -const T_SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 0; // degree-3 fits blowup-2 with no extra column - -type TVal = KoalaBear; -type TChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type TByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type TU64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type TFieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type TMyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type TValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [TVal; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - TFieldHash, - TMyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type TChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type TChallenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type TDft = Radix2DitParallel; -type TPcs = HidingFriPcs; -type TMyConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// The degree-3 cryptographic KoalaBear Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe-T's `HashAir` -/// analog, swapped to KoalaBear's native params). -type THashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - TVal, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersKoalaBear, - T_WIDTH, - T_SBOX_DEGREE, - T_SBOX_REGISTERS, - T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - T_VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count (same anchor as T). -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -/// BabyBear Probe T's measured single state-transition warm p50 (this machine -/// class; the headline number AD is compared against). -const BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS: f64 = 312.0; - -// Non-hash arithmetic table — IDENTICAL to Probe T (degree-3, field-agnostic). -const T_ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; -const T_CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; -/// Realistic non-hash layout anchor (Probe T's bottom-line uses 2^13). -const T_ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - T_ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -/// Generate a witness trace of `height` rows that EXACTLY satisfies `ArithAir`. -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![TVal::ZERO; height * T_ARITH_WIDTH]; - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(T_ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = TVal::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * T_ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * T_ARITH_WIDTH..r * T_ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..T_ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + TVal::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, T_ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -/// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched single-transition proof. -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - THashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -fn build_t_config() -> (TMyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = TByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = TU64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = TFieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = TMyCompress::new(u64_hash); - let val_mmcs = TValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = TChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - let dft = TDft::default(); - let pcs = TPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - let challenger = TChallenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (TMyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -fn build_hash_air() -> THashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -struct Timing { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - -/// Batched single-transition proof over (KoalaBear hash table, arith table). -fn run_single_transition( - config: &TMyConfig, - hash_air: Arc, - hash_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, - arith_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, -) -> Timing { - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let common = &prover_data.common; - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [hash_trace, arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); - - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe AD T-analog must verify"); - - let _ = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); // warmup - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last = Some(proof); - } - verify_batch(config, &airs, &last.unwrap(), &pvs, common) - .expect("Probe AD T-analog warm must verify"); - - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - Timing { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -// ========================================================================== -// PART 2 — 8+1 aggregation recursion (Probe-X analog) in KoalaBear. -// ========================================================================== -// -// Mirrors Probe X exactly, BabyBear -> KoalaBear: the recursion config, the -// carrier AIR, the in-circuit verifier, and the low-level prove_all_tables -// path, all under `KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16` (degree-3, 0 registers in the in-circuit -// Poseidon2 verifier table — the structural KoalaBear advantage that reaches -// the recursion AIR). - -type XF = KoalaBear; -const X_D: usize = 4; -const X_WIDTH: usize = 16; -const X_RATE: usize = 8; -const X_DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type XChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type XDft = Radix2DitParallel; -type XPerm = Poseidon2KoalaBear; -type XMyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type XMyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; -type XMyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - XMyHash, - XMyCompress, - 2, - X_DIGEST_ELEMS, ->; -type XChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type XChallenger = DuplexChallenger; -type XMyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type XMyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type XInnerFri = FriProofTargets< - XF, - XChallenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - XF, - XChallenge, - X_DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// The KoalaBear recursion in-circuit Poseidon2 config: degree-3, 0 S-box -/// registers, 20 partial rounds (vs BabyBear D4 W16's degree-7, 1 register, 13). -const X_POS2_CFG: RecPoseidon2Config = RecPoseidon2Config::KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16; - -/// BabyBear Probe X's measured 8+1 aggregation warm p50 (non-zk blowup-1). -const BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS: f64 = 3940.0; - -/// Build the KoalaBear recursion config under production non-zk FRI -/// (`new_benchmark`, blowup-1) — the headline Probe X primary figure. -fn make_x_config() -> XMyConfig { - let perm = default_koalabear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = XMyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = XMyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = XMyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = XChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = XMyPcs::new(XDft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - XMyConfig::new(pcs, XChallenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// In-circuit FRI verifier params matching `new_benchmark` (blowup-1) with REAL -/// MMCS opening checks, under the KoalaBear D4 W16 Poseidon2 config. -fn x_fri_verifier_params() -> FriVerifierParams { - let p = FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()); - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - p.log_blowup, - p.log_final_poly_len, - p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, - p.query_proof_of_work_bits, - X_POS2_CFG, - ) -} - -/// Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with `v_out == v_in + 1`. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: XF) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = XF::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + XF::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -fn prove_layer(config: &XMyConfig, v: XF, rows: usize) -> Layer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + XF::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native KoalaBear carrier verify"); - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { - [*air] -} - -type Vi = - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, XInnerFri>; - -fn add_carrier_verifier( - config: &XMyConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &Layer, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "carrier's two public values must surface" - ); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, X_WIDTH, X_RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - X_POS2_CFG, - ) - .expect("build KoalaBear carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; - -struct AggResult { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, - num_active: usize, -} - -/// Build the fan-in 8+1 aggregator recursion circuit in KoalaBear, STARK-prove it. -fn prove_aggregator(inner_rows: usize, num_active: usize) -> AggResult { - let config = make_x_config(); - let vparams = x_fri_verifier_params(); - - let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, XF::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, XF::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_koalabear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = cb.alloc_const(XChallenge::from(XF::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - // IVC carry: thread predecessor v_out through a select gate (committed work). - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("KoalaBear aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, X_D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for KoalaBear aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - - let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| { - if i < num_active { - XChallenge::ONE - } else { - XChallenge::ZERO - } - }) - .collect(); - - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(active_bits[i]); - } - - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("KoalaBear aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - let stark_config = koala_bear(); - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + stark_config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&stark_config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(koala_bear()).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(X_POS2_CFG); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - let traces = run_witness(); - let t_cold = Instant::now(); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove KoalaBear aggregator"); - let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .expect("verify KoalaBear aggregator proof"); - - let traces_warm = run_witness(); - let _ = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warmup prove"); - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let traces_run = run_witness(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warm prove"); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); - } - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - - AggResult { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - num_active, - } -} - -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, XChallenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &Layer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - XF, - XChallenge, - XChallengeMmcs, - XMyMmcs, - XMyHash, - XMyCompress, - X_DIGEST_ELEMS, - >(runner, op_ids, &layer.proof.opening_proof, X_POS2_CFG) - .expect("set MMCS private data"); -} - -// ========================================================================== -// Shared helpers. -// ========================================================================== - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -/// Honest comparison band: a ratio inside [1/MARGIN, MARGIN] of 1.0 is a WASH -/// (within measurement noise + proxy error) and only a marginal tiebreaker. -const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.15; - -fn ratio_verdict(koala_ms: f64, baby_ms: f64) -> String { - let ratio = koala_ms / baby_ms; // <1 => KoalaBear faster. - if ratio < 1.0 / MARGIN_BAND { - format!( - "KoalaBear FASTER by {:.2}x (ratio {:.3}) — beyond the {:.0}% noise band", - baby_ms / koala_ms, - ratio, - (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 - ) - } else if ratio > MARGIN_BAND { - format!( - "KoalaBear SLOWER by {:.2}x (ratio {:.3}) — beyond the {:.0}% noise band", - ratio, - ratio, - (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 - ) - } else { - format!( - "WASH (ratio {:.3}, within +/-{:.0}%) — marginal tiebreaker, NOT a decider", - ratio, - (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 - ) - } -} - -#[test] -fn probe_ad_koalabear() { - let t_packing = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let t_scalar = core::any::type_name::(); - let t_packing_active = t_packing != t_scalar && !t_packing.ends_with("KoalaBear"); - let x_packing = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n========== Probe AD: KoalaBear vs BabyBear (31-bit field choice) =========="); - println!("KoalaBear : p = 2^31 - 2^24 + 1 | 2-adicity 24 | native Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 3"); - println!("BabyBear : p = 2^31 - 2^27 + 1 | 2-adicity 27 | native Poseidon2 S-box DEGREE 7"); - println!("S-box/round tradeoff:"); - println!( - " KoalaBear: x^3, SBOX_REGISTERS=0, {T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS}+{T_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS} full + {T_PARTIAL_ROUNDS} partial rounds (narrower hash trace)" - ); - println!( - " BabyBear : x^7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, 4+4 full + 13 partial rounds (extra S-box column)" - ); - println!("Both are each field's OWN native cryptographic Poseidon2 params (128-bit target):"); - println!( - " production-sound on both sides — this is a COST comparison, not a security tradeoff." - ); - println!("KoalaBear::Packing (T-analog) : {t_packing}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {t_packing_active} (vs scalar {t_scalar})"); - println!("KoalaBear::Packing (X-analog) : {x_packing}"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "BabyBear baselines: Probe T {BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS:.0} ms transition | Probe X {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms aggregation" - ); - - // ===================== PART 1: single transition ===================== - println!("\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!("PART 1 — single state-transition (Probe-T analog) in KoalaBear"); - println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=3, SBOX_REGISTERS=0, VECTOR_LEN=8>"); - println!(" | MerkleTreeHidingMmcs(Keccak) | HidingFriPcs num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK)"); - println!(" | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, 100q, 16-bit PoW) | + degree-3 arith table 2^13"); - - let (t_config, t_log_blowup) = build_t_config(); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - assert_eq!(t_log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(T_VECTOR_LEN)) * T_VECTOR_LEN; - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, t_log_blowup); - let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); - let arith = arith_trace(T_ARITH_HEIGHT); - println!( - "hash table : ~{REAL_HASH_PERMS} real perms -> {hash_perms_capacity} capacity = {hash_rows} rows (degree-3)" - ); - println!( - "arith table: {T_ARITH_WIDTH} cols x {T_CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW} degree-3 constraints/row x 2^{} rows", - log2(T_ARITH_HEIGHT) - ); - - let transition = run_single_transition(&t_config, hash_air.clone(), &hash_trace, &arith); - println!( - "KoalaBear transition: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - transition.build_ms, - transition.cold_ms, - transition.p50_ms, - transition.p90_ms, - transition.rss_mb - ); - println!( - " vs BabyBear Probe T {BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS:.0} ms : {}", - ratio_verdict(transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS) - ); - - // ===================== PART 2: 8+1 aggregation ======================= - println!("\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!("PART 2 — 8+1 aggregation recursion (Probe-X analog) in KoalaBear"); - println!("config: 1 predecessor + 8 source carriers, verify_batch_circuit (real with_mmcs),"); - println!(" active masks + IVC carry, prove_all_tables (low-level), KOALA_BEAR_D4_W16"); - println!(" (in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table: degree-3, 0 registers, 20 partial rounds),"); - println!(" inner+verifier FRI = new_benchmark (blowup-1, non-zk production headline)."); - - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - let num_active = MAX_IN_COINS; // worst case: all 8 source slots active. - println!( - "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {num_active}/{MAX_IN_COINS}", - inner_rows.trailing_zeros() - ); - - let agg = prove_aggregator(inner_rows, num_active); - println!( - "KoalaBear aggregation: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB ({} active)", - agg.build_ms, agg.cold_ms, agg.p50_ms, agg.p90_ms, agg.rss_mb, agg.num_active - ); - println!( - " vs BabyBear Probe X {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms : {}", - ratio_verdict(agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS) - ); - - // ===================== VERDICT ======================================= - let t_ratio = transition.p50_ms / BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS; - let x_ratio = agg.p50_ms / BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS; - println!("\n============================= Probe AD VERDICT ==============================="); - println!( - "{:<26} {:>12} {:>12} {:>10}", - "operation", "KoalaBear", "BabyBear", "ratio K/B" - ); - println!( - "{:<26} {:>10.1}ms {:>10.1}ms {:>10.3}", - "single transition (T)", transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS, t_ratio - ); - println!( - "{:<26} {:>10.1}ms {:>10.1}ms {:>10.3}", - "8+1 aggregation (X)", agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS, x_ratio - ); - - println!("\nIs KoalaBear meaningfully faster than BabyBear for zkCoins' workload?"); - let t_meaningful = !(1.0 / MARGIN_BAND..=MARGIN_BAND).contains(&t_ratio); - let x_meaningful = !(1.0 / MARGIN_BAND..=MARGIN_BAND).contains(&x_ratio); - println!( - " single transition : {}", - ratio_verdict(transition.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_T_MS) - ); - println!( - " 8+1 aggregation : {}", - ratio_verdict(agg.p50_ms, BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS) - ); - println!("\nDoes KoalaBear's degree-3 native S-box help the hash-heavy recursion?"); - if x_ratio < 1.0 / MARGIN_BAND { - println!( - " YES — the aggregation (Poseidon-dominated) is {:.2}x faster in KoalaBear. The", - 1.0 / x_ratio - ); - println!(" degree-3 / 0-register in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table is the lever: the"); - println!(" recursion AIR that dominates the prove is structurally narrower per row."); - } else if x_ratio > MARGIN_BAND { - println!(" NO net help — KoalaBear's aggregation is SLOWER here. The +7 partial rounds"); - println!(" (20 vs 13) and field-specific MMCS/FFT costs outweigh the S-box saving."); - } else { - println!(" MARGINALLY — within the noise band. The degree-3 S-box's narrower hash table"); - println!(" is real structurally, but the +7 partial rounds (20 vs 13) largely offset it,"); - println!(" so the net per-op prove cost is a wash within measurement error."); - } - - // Weight the field decision by the WORKLOAD: at production fan-in the 8+1 - // aggregation prove dwarfs the single transition (Probe X showed the - // recursion prove is ~12x the transition and dominates the full /api/send), - // so the aggregation ratio carries the decision. A faster transition does - // NOT redeem a much slower aggregation — the dominant op rules. - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); - println!("Workload weighting: the 8+1 AGGREGATION dominates the full populated send (Probe X:"); - println!( - " recursion prove ~12x the single transition), so its K/B ratio drives the decision." - ); - if x_meaningful && x_ratio > 1.0 { - // Dominant op is meaningfully SLOWER under KoalaBear: this is decisive. - println!( - "VERDICT: KoalaBear is NOT faster for zkCoins' workload — it is {x_ratio:.2}x SLOWER on the" - ); - println!( - " DOMINANT operation (8+1 aggregation: {:.0} ms vs {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms). The single", - agg.p50_ms - ); - if t_ratio < 1.0 { - println!( - " transition is {:.2}x faster in KoalaBear, but the transition is a small slice of the", - 1.0 / t_ratio - ); - println!(" real send, so that local win does NOT redeem the aggregation regression."); - } - println!( - " Mechanism: KoalaBear's degree-3 native S-box DOES give a narrower leaf hash table" - ); - println!( - " (the transition win), but the recursion's in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier runs 20" - ); - println!( - " partial rounds vs BabyBear's 13 — and the recursion AIR's per-perm ROW count, not" - ); - println!( - " the S-box register width, dominates the aggregation prove. The +7 rounds, plus" - ); - println!( - " KoalaBear-specific MMCS/FFT costs at lower 2-adicity, outweigh the S-box saving." - ); - println!(" RECOMMENDATION: STAY ON BabyBear. It is faster on the operation that actually"); - println!(" gates the /api/send budget, AND it has higher 2-adicity (27 vs 24) for NTT"); - println!( - " headroom, AND every prior probe (T/V/W/X) is already BabyBear (zero re-validation)." - ); - println!(" KoalaBear is not the field for this workload."); - } else if !t_meaningful && !x_meaningful { - println!( - "VERDICT: KoalaBear is NOT meaningfully faster than BabyBear for zkCoins' workload." - ); - println!( - " Both load-bearing operations land within +/-{:.0}% of BabyBear — a WASH, as the", - (MARGIN_BAND - 1.0) * 100.0 - ); - println!( - " theory predicts for two 31-bit Montgomery fields with near-identical field-mul" - ); - println!(" speed. The degree-3-S-box / +7-partial-rounds tradeoff roughly cancels."); - println!( - " RECOMMENDATION: the field choice is a MARGINAL TIEBREAKER, not a perf decider." - ); - println!( - " Prefer BabyBear on NON-perf grounds: higher 2-adicity (27 vs 24) gives more NTT" - ); - println!( - " headroom for large traces, and every prior probe (T/V/W/X) is already BabyBear," - ); - println!( - " so the whole audit's numbers carry over with zero re-validation. KoalaBear is a" - ); - println!(" sound alternative with no meaningful speed penalty, not a reason to switch."); - } else if x_meaningful && x_ratio < 1.0 { - // Dominant op meaningfully FASTER under KoalaBear: KoalaBear wins. - println!( - "VERDICT: KoalaBear IS faster for zkCoins' workload — {:.2}x faster on the DOMINANT 8+1", - 1.0 / x_ratio - ); - println!( - " aggregation ({:.0} ms vs {BABYBEAR_PROBE_X_MS:.0} ms), the op that gates /api/send.", - agg.p50_ms - ); - println!(" The degree-3 / 0-register in-circuit Poseidon2 verifier table is the lever."); - println!( - " RECOMMENDATION: KoalaBear is the faster field here; weigh that against BabyBear's" - ); - println!( - " higher 2-adicity + the cost of re-validating every prior probe under KoalaBear." - ); - } else { - // Aggregation a wash, transition meaningful (either direction). - println!( - "VERDICT: the DOMINANT 8+1 aggregation is a WASH (K/B={x_ratio:.3}); only the smaller" - ); - println!( - " single transition shows a {} (K/B={t_ratio:.3}).", - if t_ratio < 1.0 { - "KoalaBear edge" - } else { - "KoalaBear penalty" - } - ); - println!( - " RECOMMENDATION: a marginal tiebreaker at most. Prefer BabyBear (higher 2-adicity," - ); - println!( - " already-validated across every probe); KoalaBear offers no decisive workload win." - ); - } - println!( - "Soundness: both fields use their OWN native cryptographic Poseidon2 (KoalaBear x^3 /" - ); - println!(" 20 partial rounds, BabyBear x^7 / 13 partial rounds), each designed to 128-bit"); - println!(" security. No soundness difference to weigh — both are production-intended params."); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Hard asserts: both operations proved + verified above (panics on failure). - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - { - assert!( - t_packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed KoalaBear in T-analog, got {t_packing}" - ); - assert!( - x_packing.contains("Neon") || x_packing != core::any::type_name::(), - "expected NEON-packed KoalaBear in X-analog, got {x_packing}" - ); - } -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5b464f3c..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_ae_best_config.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1058 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe AE — the **final composed measurement**: the RECOMMENDED Plonky3 -//! best-config for the zkCoins full send-prove, proved end-to-end and reduced -//! to ONE honest number. This is where the pre-port research lands. -//! -//! # What this probe answers -//! -//! "Under the config the whole research recommends — BabyBear, the Probe-T -//! transition tables, and the Probe-AC/AB N=4+1 aggregation at cheaper-inner-FRI -//! q=48 — how long does the COMPLETE Plonky3 send-prove take, end to end, with -//! real proving and real verification? And what is that versus Plonky2's 4.35 s -//! warm single-prove and ~10 s live `/api/send`?" -//! -//! Nothing here is re-derived. The recommended config was established by the -//! earlier probes and is reused verbatim: -//! -//! * **Field: BabyBear.** Probe AD ruled out KoalaBear (2.1x slower on the -//! dominant aggregation prove). -//! * **Transition: Probe T's representative tables** — the degree-7 -//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` sized to ~4500 Poseidon2 perms (1024 rows) PLUS -//! a degree-3 arithmetic table at the realistic-anchor height 2^13, proved -//! as ONE batched FRI proof (Probe T's faithful approach (a)). -//! * **Aggregation: N=4 sources + 1 IVC predecessor** (`MAX_IN_COINS = 4`, the -//! protocol-lever point Probe AC isolated) verified IN-CIRCUIT with real -//! MMCS opening checks, at **cheaper-inner-FRI q=48 (64-bit inner, -//! `[VERIFY]`)** per Probe AB. Proved via the low-level `prove_all_tables` -//! path (the #436-safe recipe). -//! -//! # Can the whole thing be ONE `prove_batch`? No — and here is the precise why. -//! -//! The two table-sets live under two GENUINELY INCOMPATIBLE STARK configs, so a -//! single shared batch is not possible; Probe AE is therefore the TIGHTEST -//! TWO-PROVE PIPELINE, and states so plainly: -//! -//! * The **transition** tables are committed under Probe T's `HidingFriPcs` -//! over a **Keccak**-sponge `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` (`SerializingChallenger32`, -//! `BinomialExtensionField`, blowup-2 ZK FRI). They are custom -//! hand-written AIRs (`VectorizedPoseidon2Air` + `ArithAir`) proved with -//! `p3_batch_stark::prove_batch`. -//! * The **aggregation** circuit is committed under Probe AC's -//! `TwoAdicFriPcs` over a **Poseidon2 field-native** `MerkleTreeMmcs` -//! (`DuplexChallenger`, blowup-1 inner FRI). It is a `p3-circuit` -//! `CircuitBuilder` compiled to its primitive tables and proved with -//! `BatchStarkProver::prove_all_tables`. -//! -//! These differ in the MMCS hash (Keccak vs Poseidon2), the PCS type -//! (`HidingFriPcs` vs `TwoAdicFriPcs`), the challenger (`SerializingChallenger32` -//! vs `DuplexChallenger`), the FRI strength, and — decisively — the PROVER ENTRY -//! POINT (`prove_batch` over hand-AIRs vs `prove_all_tables` over a compiled -//! circuit). `prove_batch` cannot ingest a `CircuitBuilder`'s tables and -//! `prove_all_tables` cannot ingest hand-written `Air`s under a foreign PCS. A -//! single `prove_batch` would require ONE config + ONE AIR-type + ONE prover for -//! both halves — which does not exist across these two stacks. The faithful -//! production shape is therefore two proofs run back-to-back, exactly as the -//! real node would: prove the transition, then prove the aggregation that folds -//! the in-coins. Probe AE measures their COMBINED wall-time as the single -//! send-prove number, and cross-checks it against the sum-of-parts estimate. -//! -//! (Note: even in a hypothetical unified stack the aggregation's INNER carrier -//! proofs must be produced BEFORE the aggregator can verify them in-circuit, so -//! a true one-shot batch is precluded by the recursion data-dependency too, not -//! only by the config mismatch. The two-prove pipeline is the honest shape.) -//! -//! # The hiding (ZK) headline question -//! -//! The brief asks for the non-zk headline plus the hiding delta if cheap. The -//! transition half already runs under TRUE ZK (`HidingFriPcs`, -//! `num_random_codewords = 4`) — that is Probe T's recommended config, so the -//! transition number is INTRINSICALLY the hiding one (no cheaper non-hiding -//! transition is part of the recommendation). The aggregation half is measured -//! non-zk (matching Probe AC/AB/X, where the recursion prove is non-hiding and -//! hiding is an outer-layer concern). The composed headline is thus -//! "hiding-transition + non-zk-aggregation", the faithful production mix, and -//! the verdict states this explicitly rather than papering a uniform label over -//! two different halves. Probe W already quantified the pure hiding delta on a -//! transition-class table as a small additive term; it is cited, not re-run -//! here (re-running it would not change the composed number, which already -//! includes the hiding transition). -//! -//! # What is measured -//! -//! For the transition prove, the aggregation prove, and the COMPOSED pipeline: -//! build wall-time, cold prove, warm p50/p90 over >=5 runs (after a warmup), and -//! peak RSS. Every proof is verified (hard gate). Packing type + thread count -//! printed. The composed warm series is built by running BOTH proves -//! back-to-back inside each timed iteration, so p50/p90 are of the real -//! end-to-end send-prove, not a post-hoc sum. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification of every proof. The -//! faster/slower verdicts vs Plonky2 are REPORTED findings, never asserts — an -//! unfavourable datum is surfaced honestly. The two `[VERIFY]` conditions the -//! headline rests on are restated in full at the end: -//! 1. the 64-bit inner-FRI composition argument (q=48 inner), and -//! 2. the `MAX_IN_COINS = 4` protocol change. - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -// --- transition (Probe T) crypto stack ------------------------------------ -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, - default_babybear_poseidon2_16, -}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData as BatchProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, - verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::{DuplexChallenger, HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit::{Circuit, CircuitBuilder, NonPrimitiveOpId, Traces}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{ - BatchStarkProof, poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders, -}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{ - CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher, TruncatedPermutation, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// ========================================================================== -// PART 1 — Transition prove config (Probe T recipe, verbatim). -// ========================================================================== -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type TChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type TCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type TValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - TCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type TChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type TChallenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type TDft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type TPcs = HidingFriPcs; -type TConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// Degree-7 cryptographic Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe T / V). -type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count. -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -/// Realistic-anchor arith table height (Probe T's low sweep end = the anchor). -const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; -const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; -const CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -/// Witness trace satisfying `ArithAir` exactly (Probe T's generator). -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -/// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched transition proof (Probe T). -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - HashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -fn build_transition_config() -> (TConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = TCompress::new(u64_hash); - let val_mmcs = TValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = TChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - let dft = TDft::default(); - let pcs = TPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - let challenger = TChallenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (TConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -/// Prepared transition prover state (built once, reused across warm runs). -struct TransitionProver { - config: TConfig, - airs: [TableAir; 2], - prover_data: BatchProverData, - hash_trace: RowMajorMatrix, - arith_trace: RowMajorMatrix, - build_ms: f64, -} - -impl TransitionProver { - /// Build config, AIRs, traces, and the batch `ProverData` (the build stage). - fn build() -> Self { - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let (config, log_blowup) = build_transition_config(); - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); - let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); - - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - let prover_data: BatchProverData = BatchProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - &config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - Self { - config, - airs, - prover_data, - hash_trace, - arith_trace, - build_ms, - } - } - - /// One batched transition prove (NOT verified — caller verifies when needed). - fn prove(&self) -> BatchProof { - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&self.hash_trace, &self.arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&self.airs, &traces, &pvs); - prove_batch(&self.config, &instances, &self.prover_data) - } - - fn verify(&self, proof: &BatchProof) { - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - verify_batch( - &self.config, - &self.airs, - proof, - &pvs, - &self.prover_data.common, - ) - .expect("Probe AE transition proof must verify"); - } - - fn hash_rows(&self) -> usize { - self.hash_trace.height() - } -} - -// ========================================================================== -// PART 2 — Aggregation prove config (Probe AC recipe @ q=48, N=4+1). -// ========================================================================== -type F = BabyBear; -const D: usize = 4; -const A_RATE: usize = 8; -const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type AChallenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type ADft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; -type AHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type ACompress = TruncatedPermutation; -type AMmcs = - MerkleTreeMmcs<::Packing, ::Packing, AHash, ACompress, 2, DIGEST_ELEMS>; -type AChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type AChallenger = DuplexChallenger; -type APcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type AConfig = StarkConfig; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - AChallenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs>, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// Cheaper-inner-FRI: 48 queries (1*48 + 16 = 64 conjectured bits) — Probe AB's -/// `[VERIFY]` lever, the recommended aggregation FRI. -const Q48_NUM_QUERIES: usize = 48; -const Q48_LOG_BLOWUP: usize = 1; -const Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS: usize = 16; -const Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS: usize = 0; -const Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN: usize = 0; - -fn q48_conjectured_bits() -> usize { - Q48_LOG_BLOWUP * Q48_NUM_QUERIES + Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS -} - -fn q48_fri_params(mmcs: AChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - FriParameters { - log_blowup: Q48_LOG_BLOWUP, - log_final_poly_len: Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN, - max_log_arity: 1, - num_queries: Q48_NUM_QUERIES, - commit_proof_of_work_bits: Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS, - query_proof_of_work_bits: Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS, - mmcs, - } -} - -fn make_agg_config() -> AConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = AHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = ACompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = AMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = AChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = q48_fri_params(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = APcs::new(ADft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - AConfig::new(pcs, AChallenger::new(perm)) -} - -fn agg_fri_verifier_params() -> FriVerifierParams { - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - Q48_LOG_BLOWUP, - Q48_LOG_FINAL_POLY_LEN, - Q48_COMMIT_POW_BITS, - Q48_QUERY_POW_BITS, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) -} - -/// Probe R/X carrier AIR — `[v_in, v_out]` with native `v_out == v_in + 1`. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: BatchProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -fn prove_layer(config: &AConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = BatchProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify"); - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { - [*air] -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -fn add_carrier_verifier( - config: &AConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &Layer, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "carrier's two public values must surface" - ); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, A_RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, AChallenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &Layer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - AChallenge, - AChallengeMmcs, - AMmcs, - AHash, - ACompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &layer.proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data"); -} - -/// Prepared aggregation prover state for N=4+1 @ q48 (built once, reused warm). -struct AggregationProver { - prover: BatchStarkProver, - circuit_prover_data: CircuitProverData, - circuit: Circuit, - pubs: Vec, - privs: Vec, - pred: Layer, - sources: Vec, - pred_op_ids: Vec, - source_op_ids: Vec>, - build_ms: f64, - witness_count: usize, -} - -/// Number of source in-coin slots (the recommended `MAX_IN_COINS`). -const FAN_IN: usize = 4; - -impl AggregationProver { - /// Build the N=4+1 aggregator recursion circuit @ q48 and all prover state. - fn build() -> Self { - let config = make_agg_config(); - let vparams = agg_fri_verifier_params(); - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - - // inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + N sources. - let pred = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - let sources: Vec = (0..FAN_IN) - .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &pred); - - // 2. N source carriers, each with an active-bit mask (Probe E order). - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(FAN_IN); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = - cb.alloc_const(AChallenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - // 3. IVC carry: cost-faithful select+connect (value-semantics in Probe R). - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - // compile to tables. - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - - // pack public/private inputs (all N source slots active, worst case). - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = pred_vi.pack_values(&pred.pvs, &pred.proof, pred.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(AChallenge::ONE); // active = 1 for every slot. - } - - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = BatchProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_agg_config()).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - Self { - prover, - circuit_prover_data, - circuit, - pubs, - privs, - pred, - sources, - pred_op_ids, - source_op_ids, - build_ms, - witness_count, - } - } - - /// Generate witness traces (part of each prove iteration, as in Probe AC). - fn run_witness(&self) -> Traces { - let mut runner = self.circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&self.pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&self.privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &self.pred_op_ids, &self.pred); - for (i, ids) in self.source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &self.sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") - } - - /// One aggregation prove (witness-gen + prove_all_tables). NOT verified. - fn prove(&self) -> BatchStarkProof { - let traces = self.run_witness(); - self.prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &self.circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit") - } - - fn verify(&self, proof: &BatchStarkProof) { - self.prover - .verify_all_tables(proof) - .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); - } -} - -// ========================================================================== -// Shared helpers. -// ========================================================================== -const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct Stage { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -// ========================================================================== -// Composition anchors (from the prior probes / migration research). -// ========================================================================== -/// Probe T single state-transition warm-prove reference, ms (sum-of-parts). -const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; -/// Probe AC N=4 @ q48 aggregation reference, ms (sum-of-parts). -const PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS: f64 = 980.0; -/// Plonky3 node overhead (non-prove) on a populated `/api/send`, ms. -const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; -/// Plonky2 warm single-prove baseline, ms. -const PLONKY2_WARM_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -/// Plonky2 live populated `/api/send`, ms. -const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; - -#[test] -fn probe_ae_best_config() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n========= Probe AE: the RECOMMENDED best-config full send-prove ========="); - println!("FINAL composed measurement — real proving, real verification, one honest number."); - println!("config (reused, NOT re-derived):"); - println!(" field : BabyBear (Probe AD ruled out KoalaBear, 2.1x slower on aggregation)"); - println!(" transition : Probe T degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table (~4500 perms) + degree-3 arith"); - println!(" 2^13, ONE prove_batch under HidingFriPcs/Keccak (TRUE ZK, blowup-2)"); - println!(" aggregation: N=4 sources + 1 IVC predecessor (MAX_IN_COINS=4), in-circuit"); - println!(" verify_batch_circuit @ cheaper-inner-FRI q=48 (64-bit [VERIFY]),"); - println!(" prove_all_tables low-level path, TwoAdicFriPcs/Poseidon2 (non-zk)"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live /api/send" - ); - println!("---------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!("WHY TWO PROVES, NOT ONE BATCH: the transition (HidingFriPcs/Keccak, hand-AIRs,"); - println!("prove_batch) and the aggregation (TwoAdicFriPcs/Poseidon2, compiled CircuitBuilder,"); - println!("prove_all_tables) are different StarkConfigs with different MMCS/PCS/challenger and"); - println!("different prover ENTRY POINTS. No single prove_batch ingests both. Also the inner"); - println!( - "carrier proofs must exist before the aggregator can verify them (recursion data-dep)." - ); - println!( - "=> the faithful production shape is the TIGHTEST TWO-PROVE PIPELINE, measured below." - ); - - // ---- build both provers (the build stage) ---------------------------- - let transition = TransitionProver::build(); - let aggregation = AggregationProver::build(); - println!("---------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "transition : hash table {} rows (degree-7) + arith 2^{} ({} cols x {} deg-3 c/row)", - transition.hash_rows(), - log2(ARITH_HEIGHT), - ARITH_WIDTH, - CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW - ); - println!( - "aggregation : N={}+1 verified, q=48 ({} conjectured bits), public_flat_len={}", - FAN_IN, - q48_conjectured_bits(), - aggregation.witness_count - ); - - // ---- transition: cold + warm ----------------------------------------- - let t = Instant::now(); - let tproof = transition.prove(); - let t_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - transition.verify(&tproof); - let _ = transition.prove(); // warmup - let mut t_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last_t = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = transition.prove(); - t_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_t = Some(p); - } - transition.verify(&last_t.unwrap()); - t_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let transition_stage = Stage { - build_ms: transition.build_ms, - cold_ms: t_cold, - p50_ms: quantile(&t_times, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(&t_times, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - }; - - // ---- aggregation: cold + warm ---------------------------------------- - let t = Instant::now(); - let aproof = aggregation.prove(); - let a_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - aggregation.verify(&aproof); - let _ = aggregation.prove(); // warmup - let mut a_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last_a = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = aggregation.prove(); - a_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_a = Some(p); - } - aggregation.verify(&last_a.unwrap()); - a_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let aggregation_stage = Stage { - build_ms: aggregation.build_ms, - cold_ms: a_cold, - p50_ms: quantile(&a_times, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(&a_times, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - }; - - // ---- COMPOSED: both proves back-to-back in each timed iteration ------- - // This is the real end-to-end send-prove. Cold = first composed run; - // warm p50/p90 measure the genuine pipeline, not a post-hoc sum. - let t = Instant::now(); - let ct0 = transition.prove(); - let ca0 = aggregation.prove(); - let composed_cold = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - transition.verify(&ct0); - aggregation.verify(&ca0); - // warmup composed iteration. - let _ = transition.prove(); - let _ = aggregation.prove(); - let mut c_times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last_ct = None; - let mut last_ca = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let ct = transition.prove(); - let ca = aggregation.prove(); - c_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_ct = Some(ct); - last_ca = Some(ca); - } - transition.verify(&last_ct.unwrap()); - aggregation.verify(&last_ca.unwrap()); - c_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let composed_stage = Stage { - build_ms: transition.build_ms + aggregation.build_ms, - cold_ms: composed_cold, - p50_ms: quantile(&c_times, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(&c_times, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - }; - - // ---- results table ---------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= Probe AE results (warm) ========================="); - println!( - "{:<22} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", - "stage", "build", "cold", "warm_p50", "warm_p90", "rss_MB" - ); - let print_stage = |label: &str, s: &Stage| { - println!( - "{:<22} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>9.0}", - label, s.build_ms, s.cold_ms, s.p50_ms, s.p90_ms, s.rss_mb - ); - }; - print_stage("transition (T, ZK)", &transition_stage); - print_stage("aggregation (AC q48)", &aggregation_stage); - print_stage("COMPOSED send-prove", &composed_stage); - - // ---- (a) batch-vs-sum-of-parts --------------------------------------- - let measured_sum = transition_stage.p50_ms + aggregation_stage.p50_ms; - let estimate_sum = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS; - println!("\n------------------------- (a) composed vs sum-of-parts -------------------------"); - println!( - "sum-of-parts ESTIMATE : T {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + AC N=4 q48 {PROBE_AC_N4Q48_MS:.0} ms = {estimate_sum:.0} ms" - ); - println!( - "measured parts (here) : transition {:.0} ms + aggregation {:.0} ms = {measured_sum:.0} ms", - transition_stage.p50_ms, aggregation_stage.p50_ms - ); - println!("COMPOSED measured p50 : {:.0} ms", composed_stage.p50_ms); - // The two proves are distinct stacks run sequentially (no shared FRI commit - // to fold), so batching cannot beat the sum — the composed time IS ~= the - // sum of the two stages. Stated plainly rather than spun. - let overhead = composed_stage.p50_ms - measured_sum; - if composed_stage.p50_ms <= measured_sum * 1.05 { - println!( - "=> composed ~= sum of parts (delta {overhead:+.0} ms, <=5%). Two distinct STARK stacks" - ); - println!( - " run sequentially share NO FRI commit/query work, so batching CANNOT beat the sum;" - ); - println!(" the honest send-prove number is the sequential total, as measured."); - } else { - println!( - "=> composed {overhead:+.0} ms vs measured sum (sequential overhead / RSS pressure)." - ); - } - - // ---- (b) prove vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm single-prove ------------------- - println!("\n--------------- (b) composed send-prove vs Plonky2 4.35 s warm ---------------"); - let prove_p50 = composed_stage.p50_ms; - let (prove_rel, prove_fac) = if prove_p50 < PLONKY2_WARM_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_WARM_MS / prove_p50) - } else { - ("SLOWER", prove_p50 / PLONKY2_WARM_MS) - }; - println!( - "composed Plonky3 full send-prove = {prove_p50:.0} ms warm p50 -> {prove_rel} than Plonky2's" - ); - println!( - " {PLONKY2_WARM_MS:.0} ms warm single-prove by {prove_fac:.2}x (apples-to-apples single-prove)." - ); - - // ---- (c) recomposed e2e /api/send vs Plonky2 ~10 s live -------------- - let e2e_ms = composed_stage.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; - let e2e_s = e2e_ms / 1000.0; - let (e2e_rel, e2e_fac) = if e2e_ms < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / e2e_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", e2e_ms / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) - }; - println!("\n------------- (c) recomposed e2e /api/send vs Plonky2 ~10 s live -------------"); - println!( - "e2e /api/send = composed prove {:.0} ms + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms = {e2e_ms:.0} ms ({e2e_s:.2} s)", - composed_stage.p50_ms - ); - println!( - " -> {e2e_rel} than Plonky2's live ~{:.0} s send by {e2e_fac:.2}x.", - PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / 1000.0 - ); - - // ---- THE VERDICT LINE the whole research ends on --------------------- - println!("\n================================ VERDICT ==================================="); - println!( - "Under the recommended config, the Plonky3 full send-prove is {prove_p50:.0} ms = {prove_fac:.2}x" - ); - println!( - "{prove_rel} than Plonky2's 4.35 s warm single-prove; the e2e /api/send is {e2e_s:.2} s =" - ); - println!("{e2e_fac:.2}x {e2e_rel} than Plonky2's ~10 s live send."); - println!("This headline rests on TWO [VERIFY] conditions, restated in full:"); - println!( - " [VERIFY] 1 — 64-bit inner-FRI composition argument: the aggregation's inner carrier" - ); - println!( - " proofs use q=48 (1*48 + 16-bit PoW = 64 conjectured bits) inner FRI. This" - ); - println!( - " is sound ONLY if the recursion composition tolerates a 64-bit inner layer" - ); - println!( - " under a full-strength outer — an UNVERIFIED cryptographic assumption that" - ); - println!(" a cryptographer must sign off before deployment."); - println!( - " [VERIFY] 2 — MAX_IN_COINS=4 protocol change: the aggregation verifies 4 source slots," - ); - println!( - " not the current 8. This is a PROTOCOL restriction (a send caps at 4 in-" - ); - println!( - " coins; wallets with more small coins consolidate first or split the send)." - ); - println!( - "Transition half runs TRUE ZK (HidingFriPcs); aggregation half is non-zk (outer-layer" - ); - println!( - "hiding is a separate, small additive term — see Probe W). The composed headline is the" - ); - println!( - "faithful production mix: hiding transition + non-zk recursion, both proofs verified." - ); - println!("===========================================================================\n"); - - // ---- hard gates: measured + verified --------------------------------- - assert!(transition_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "transition measured"); - assert!(aggregation_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "aggregation measured"); - assert!(composed_stage.p50_ms > 0.0, "composed measured"); - // Composed must be at least as large as either part (sequential pipeline). - assert!( - composed_stage.p50_ms >= transition_stage.p50_ms, - "composed >= transition part" - ); - assert!( - composed_stage.p50_ms >= aggregation_stage.p50_ms, - "composed >= aggregation part" - ); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5c12ab2b..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_b_fanin.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe B — fan-in aggregation with variable active count (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T3). -//! -//! The doc flags this as the most likely blocker: `p3-recursion`'s aggregation is -//! strictly 2-to-1, with NO native "conditionally verify proof or dummy" primitive. -//! This probe answers the load-bearing questions: -//! * Does 2-to-1 aggregation of two same-AIR batch proofs verify, with per-leaf -//! proofs surfacing? (the fan-in primitive) -//! * Does it COMPOSE into a fixed-shape tree (depth-2 here = fan-in-4; the zkCoins -//! MAX_IN_COINS=8 case is one more level, depth-3)? -//! -//! SCOPE — what this probe does and does NOT prove. It proves the load-bearing -//! capability: 2-to-1 aggregation of same-AIR batch proofs works and composes into -//! a FIXED-SHAPE tree (fan-in-4 here; fan-in-8 is one more level). It does NOT -//! exercise variable active count: all four leaves are real, identical proofs, no -//! per-leaf PI is surfaced, and no active bit is masked. The variable-active-count -//! strategy — pad inactive slots with real proofs and mask them via an active bit -//! in the CONSUMER circuit (the §7.17 `select_hash` pattern, whose binding -//! primitive is proven in `probe_c_vk_binding`) — is Phase-5 construction and is -//! NOT demonstrated by this spike. It is carried as a Phase-5 risk in the memo. - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::ProveNextLayerParams; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - aggregate_two, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -#[test] -fn probe_b_fanin() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - - // 4 real leaves, identical shape so the two level-1 aggregates have identical - // shape at level 2. (No leaf is "inactive" here — variable active count is out - // of scope for this probe; see the module doc.) - let o_a = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let o_b = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let o_c = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let o_d = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - - // Level 1: two 2-to-1 aggregations. - let agg_ab = aggregate_two(&o_a, &o_b, &config, &backend, ¶ms); - let agg_cd = aggregate_two(&o_c, &o_d, &config, &backend, ¶ms); - - // Level 2: aggregate the two aggregates into a single fan-in-4 root proof. - let agg_root = aggregate_two(&agg_ab, &agg_cd, &config, &backend, ¶ms); - - // PASS: the fan-in-4 root proof verifies. - verify_recursion_output(&agg_root, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) - .expect("fan-in-4 aggregation root must verify"); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 00b814d2..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_c_vk_binding.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe C — vk / public-input binding across layers (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T4). -//! -//! zkCoins' outer state-transition circuit binds an inner proof's claimed -//! verifier key / public inputs (the aggregator's source-vk, the propagated -//! ProofData PIs). The load-bearing question: in `p3-recursion`, is an inner -//! proof's commitment + public inputs reachable as CONSTRAINED circuit targets, -//! so a proof that doesn't match the expected (vk, PIs) is REJECTED by the outer? -//! -//! This probe uses the low-level in-circuit verifier `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` -//! over the CounterAir and asserts: -//! * POSITIVE: a correct (proof, public_inputs) pair runs the verifier circuit -//! to completion (accepted). -//! * NEGATIVE: the SAME verifier circuit fed mismatched public inputs (claiming -//! a different committed value than the proof actually proves) FAILS — i.e. -//! the inner proof's public inputs are genuinely bound, not free. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; -use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; -use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::prove; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; - -#[test] -fn probe_c_vk_binding() { - let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - - // Inner proof: counter of 16 rows starting at 7. Its committed public inputs - // are [7, 22]. - let n = 1 << 4; - let start = 7u64; - let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); - let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); - let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); - - // Build ONE in-circuit verifier for this proof shape. - let mut circuit_builder = CircuitBuilder::new(); - circuit_builder.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - circuit_builder.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let verifier_inputs = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::< - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InnerFri, - >::allocate(&mut circuit_builder, &proof, None, pis.len()); - - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - CounterAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air, - &mut circuit_builder, - &verifier_inputs.proof_targets, - &verifier_inputs.air_public_targets, - &None, - &fri_verifier_params, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .expect("build uni-stark verifier circuit"); - - let circuit = circuit_builder.build().expect("verifier circuit builds"); - - // POSITIVE: correct public inputs -> verifier circuit runs to completion. - { - let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = verifier_inputs.pack_values(&pis, &proof, &None); - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&public_inputs).expect("set pub"); - runner - .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) - .expect("set priv"); - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut runner, - &mmcs_op_ids, - &proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .expect("set mmcs private data"); - runner - .run() - .expect("correct proof + correct public inputs must verify in-circuit"); - } - - // NEGATIVE: claim a DIFFERENT public input ([99, 22] instead of [7, 22]). The - // inner proof's public inputs are bound by the verifier circuit, so the run - // must fail (the claimed PI cannot be substituted for free). - { - let wrong_pis = vec![F::from_u64(99), pis[1]]; - let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = - verifier_inputs.pack_values(&wrong_pis, &proof, &None); - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&public_inputs).expect("set pub"); - runner - .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) - .expect("set priv"); - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut runner, - &mmcs_op_ids, - &proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .expect("set mmcs private data"); - let result = runner.run(); - assert!( - result.is_err(), - "mismatched inner public inputs must be REJECTED by the verifier circuit \ - (vk/PI binding); instead the run succeeded" - ); - } -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 3c170323..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_multilayer_carry.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe D (part 2) — does a public input CARRY across a batch-recursion layer? -//! -//! Probe D part 1 proved the threading-binding primitive at a uni-stark -//! verification boundary. The remaining gate-critical question for a real -//! multi-layer IVC chain: when an outer layer verifies an inner BATCH proof, are -//! the inner circuit's public inputs exposed as constrained `air_public_targets` -//! (so the value can be threaded onward), or are they zeroed? -//! -//! This matters because Plonky2 cyclic recursion threads public inputs natively -//! (that is how zkCoins' ProofData / prev_account propagates). We verify a base -//! counter circuit (which has a public input = its step count) via the lower-level -//! `verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit` and inspect `air_public_targets`. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::TableProver; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_recursion::Poseidon2Config; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::verifier::verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyHash, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, InnerFri, config_with_fri_params, create_fri_verifier_params, - default_fri_params, prove_base_counter, -}; - -const TRACE_D: usize = 1; - -#[test] -fn probe_d_multilayer_carry() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - - // Base layer: a counter circuit with ONE public input = step count (8). - let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let common = output.1.common_data(); - - // Build an outer circuit that verifies the base BATCH proof. - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let fri_params = create_fri_verifier_params(&fp); - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - // The base counter circuit has no Poseidon2/recompose NPO tables, so no NPO - // provers are needed to verify it. - let provers: Vec>> = vec![]; - - let (verifier_inputs, _op_ids) = verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit::< - ConfigWithFriParams, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - LogUpGadget, - Poseidon2Config, - WIDTH, - RATE, - TRACE_D, - >( - &config, - &mut cb, - &output.0, - &fri_params, - common, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - &provers, - ) - .expect("build batch verifier circuit"); - - let counts: Vec = verifier_inputs - .air_public_targets - .iter() - .map(|t| t.len()) - .collect(); - let total: usize = counts.iter().sum(); - eprintln!("probe_d_carry: per-table air_public_targets counts = {counts:?}, total = {total}"); - - // EMPIRICAL FINDING (pinned): when an outer layer verifies an inner BATCH proof - // of a `CircuitBuilder` circuit, the inner circuit's public inputs are NOT - // surfaced as constrainable `air_public_targets` — every per-table count is 0. - // - // Consequence: the high-level batch-recursion chain (Probe A's shape, via - // `into_recursion_input` which also zeroes `table_public_inputs`) does NOT - // propagate a public input across layers. This DIFFERS from Plonky2 cyclic - // recursion, which threads public inputs natively (how zkCoins' ProofData / - // prev_account propagates today). The threading *binding* primitive works at a - // uni-stark verification boundary (see `probe_d_pi_threading`), but composing it - // across the full IVC chain needs a construction that re-exposes the threaded - // value at each layer. This is escalated to the operator as a gate-relevant, - // protocol-touching characteristic — NOT silently treated as solved. - assert_eq!( - total, 0, - "observed inner public inputs are NOT exposed across a batch layer; if this \ - becomes non-zero upstream, the multi-layer threading story changes — revisit" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 6a9636ae..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_d_pi_threading.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,145 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe D — cross-layer public-input threading (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T2 crit. 2). -//! -//! The IVC chain must carry a value forward across layers (the zkCoins -//! `prev_account` / ProofData propagation): layer N's outer circuit reads the -//! inner proof's public input and re-exposes a constrained function of it for the -//! next layer. The high-level `into_recursion_input::()` zeroes the -//! threaded public inputs; this probe takes the lower-level path where the inner -//! proof's public inputs ARE exposed (`air_public_targets`) and threads them. -//! -//! Construction: an outer verifier circuit over an inner counter proof (PI -//! `[start, last]`) exposes `air_public_targets`, then THREADS a value to the next -//! layer with the IVC relation `next_start = last + 1`, bound to a circuit-exposed -//! `next_start` public input. Cases: -//! * POSITIVE: `next_start = last + 1` accepted. -//! * NEGATIVE: a wrong `next_start` (≠ last+1) is rejected — the inner PI is -//! genuinely threaded/bound, not free. -//! * CONTROL: with the threading connect removed, the wrong `next_start` is -//! accepted — proving the rejection is purely the threading bind. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; -use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; -use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::{Proof, prove}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; - -/// Build an outer verifier circuit over `proof` (committing to `pis = [start, -/// last]`). If `thread`, additionally bind a `next_start` public input to -/// `last + 1` (the IVC thread). Set `next_start` to `claimed_next` and run. -fn thread_and_run( - thread: bool, - pis: &[F], - proof: &Proof, - claimed_next: u64, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, proof, None, pis.len(), - ); - - let op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - CounterAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air, - &mut cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &None, - &fri_verifier_params, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; - - // The value handed to the next layer (allocated AFTER the verifier's own - // public inputs, so it is the last public input). - let next_start = cb.alloc_public_input("next_start"); - if thread { - // IVC thread: next_start == inner.last + 1. `air_public_targets[1]` is the - // inner proof's `last`, bound to the proof by the verifier above. - let one = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::ONE, "one"); - let expected_next = cb.add(vi.air_public_targets[1], one); - cb.connect(next_start, expected_next); - } - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("circuit build: {e:?}"))?; - - let (mut pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(pis, proof, &None); - pubs.push(Challenge::from_u64(claimed_next)); // next_start value, appended last - let mut r = circuit.runner(); - r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - r.set_private_inputs(&privs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut r, - &op_ids, - &proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("set mmcs: {e}"))?; - r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_d_pi_threading() { - let (config, _perm, _fri) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - - // Inner counter proof: start=5, 8 rows => PI = [5, 12]. The threaded next - // layer start is therefore last + 1 = 13. - let n = 1 << 3; - let start = 5u64; - let trace = generate_counter_trace::(start, n); - let pis = counter_public_inputs::(start, n); - let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace, &pis); - let correct_next = start + (n as u64 - 1) + 1; // 13 - - // POSITIVE: correctly threaded next value accepted. - thread_and_run(true, &pis, &proof, correct_next) - .expect("correctly threaded next-layer value must be accepted"); - - // NEGATIVE: a wrong threaded value is rejected (the inner PI is bound). - assert!( - thread_and_run(true, &pis, &proof, 999).is_err(), - "a wrong threaded next-layer value must be REJECTED (PI is threaded/bound)" - ); - - // CONTROL: without the threading connect, the wrong value is accepted — - // proving the NEGATIVE rejection is purely the threading bind. - thread_and_run(false, &pis, &proof, 999) - .expect("without the threading connect, any next value is accepted"); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 38c2a323..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_e_active_masking.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe E — variable-active-count masking (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T3; -//! MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.15/§7.17). -//! -//! zkCoins processes 0..MAX_IN_COINS=8 input slots in a FIXED-shape circuit: each -//! slot carries an `active` bit, and inactive slots are made vacuously satisfied by -//! masking. The load-bearing pattern (§7.17) is -//! `connect(computed, select(active, expected, computed))` -//! which, for active=0, reduces to `connect(computed, computed)` (any witness -//! accepted — the slot is masked off), and for active=1 enforces -//! `computed == expected` (the honest per-slot check fires). -//! -//! This probe builds the full 8-slot masked consumer circuit over the Goldilocks -//! base field, proves it for real with batch-stark, and asserts: -//! * POSITIVE: active slots carry correct values, inactive slots carry GARBAGE — -//! accepted (garbage is masked away). Real STARK proof produced + verified. -//! * NEGATIVE A: an active slot with a wrong value is rejected. -//! * NEGATIVE B (active-bit flip): flipping a garbage slot from inactive→active -//! changes the verdict to REJECT (the garbage is no longer masked). -//! * CONTROL: flipping it back to inactive re-masks the garbage → accepted. - -use p3_circuit::{Circuit, CircuitBuilder}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::F; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, prove_and_verify_no_npo, -}; - -const SLOTS: usize = 8; - -/// The value slot `i` must carry when it is active. -fn expected_value(i: usize) -> u64 { - 100 + i as u64 -} - -/// Build the fixed-shape 8-slot masked consumer circuit. Public inputs, in order: -/// `[claimed_0, active_0, claimed_1, active_1, …]`. -fn build_masking_circuit() -> Circuit { - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - for i in 0..SLOTS { - let claimed = cb.alloc_public_input("claimed"); - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = cb.alloc_const(F::from_u64(expected_value(i)), "expected"); - // §7.17: active=0 -> connect(claimed, claimed) (garbage allowed); - // active=1 -> connect(claimed, expected) (honest check fires). - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, claimed); - cb.connect(claimed, masked); - } - cb.build().expect("masking circuit builds") -} - -fn slots_to_pubs(slots: &[(u64, u64)]) -> Vec { - let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(slots.len() * 2); - for &(claimed, active) in slots { - v.push(F::from_u64(claimed)); - v.push(F::from_u64(active)); - } - v -} - -#[test] -fn probe_e_active_masking() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let circuit = build_masking_circuit(); - - // POSITIVE: slots 0,1,2 active+correct; slots 3..8 inactive with GARBAGE (777). - let positive: Vec<(u64, u64)> = (0..SLOTS) - .map(|i| { - if i < 3 { - (expected_value(i), 1) - } else { - (777, 0) - } - }) - .collect(); - prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&positive), &config, &fp) - .expect("active-correct + inactive-garbage must verify (garbage masked away)"); - - // NEGATIVE A: an active slot carries a wrong value. - let mut neg_a = positive.clone(); - neg_a[0] = (999, 1); - assert!( - prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&neg_a), &config, &fp).is_err(), - "an active slot with a wrong value must be REJECTED" - ); - - // NEGATIVE B (active-bit flip): an inactive garbage slot is flipped to active. - let mut neg_b = positive.clone(); - neg_b[3] = (777, 1); // 777 != expected(3) = 103 - assert!( - prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&neg_b), &config, &fp).is_err(), - "flipping an active bit on a garbage slot must change the verdict to REJECT" - ); - - // CONTROL: flip that bit back to inactive — the garbage is re-masked, accepted. - let mut control = neg_b.clone(); - control[3] = (777, 0); - prove_and_verify_no_npo(&circuit, &slots_to_pubs(&control), &config, &fp) - .expect("flipping the active bit back to inactive re-masks the garbage -> accepted"); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 0d2ff303..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_f_vk_binding.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe F — vk-equality connect-back (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §5, P0-T4 literal text). -//! -//! zkCoins' outer state-transition `connect_hashes`-binds the aggregator's claimed -//! source-vk to its own cyclic vk. The load-bearing question: in `p3-recursion`, -//! can the outer circuit BIND an inner proof's verification key to an EXPECTED -//! value, and REJECT a deliberately wrong-vk inner proof? -//! -//! A uni-stark's "vk" with preprocessed columns IS the preprocessed commitment. -//! `ConstPrepAir { k }` has a preprocessed column constant `k`, so two instances -//! (k=42 vs k=99) have different preprocessed commitments = different vks but the -//! SAME shape. The verifier circuit `connect`s the inner preprocessed commitment -//! targets to an expected value (the Plonky2 `connect_hashes` analogue). Cases: -//! * POSITIVE: proof_42 bound to vk_42 — internal verify OK and vk connect OK. -//! * NEGATIVE: proof_99 bound to vk_42 — proof_99 is INTERNALLY VALID against -//! vk_99 (STARK verify passes); only the connect to vk_42 rejects it. -//! * CONTROL: proof_99 with NO binding — accepted. This proves the NEGATIVE's -//! rejection is PURELY the vk binding, not a shape/verify artifact. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; -use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; -use p3_recursion::traits::Recursive; -use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::{ - PreprocessedVerifierKey, Proof, prove_with_preprocessed, setup_preprocessed, - verify_with_preprocessed, -}; -use p3_util::log2_strict_usize; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::{ConstPrepAir, generate_const_main_trace}; - -const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; - -/// Verify `proof` against `vk` inside a fresh verifier circuit. If `bind_vk` is -/// `Some(expected)`, additionally `connect` the inner preprocessed commitment to -/// `expected` (the vk-equality binding). Returns Err if the circuit run fails. -fn verify_in_circuit( - bind_vk: Option<&[Challenge]>, - vk: &PreprocessedVerifierKey, - proof: &Proof, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let (config, perm, fri_verifier_params) = make_uni_verify_config(); - // The eval AIR is k-independent (constraint is `m == p`), so any ConstPrepAir - // of the right shape works for symbolic constraints. - let air = ConstPrepAir { k: 42, rows: ROWS }; - - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, - proof, - Some(&vk.commitment), - 0, - ); - - let op_ids = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - ConstPrepAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air, - &mut cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &vi.preprocessed_commit, - &fri_verifier_params, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; - - if let Some(expected) = bind_vk { - let commit = vi - .preprocessed_commit - .as_ref() - .expect("ConstPrepAir has a preprocessed commitment"); - let mut idx = 0; - for entry in &commit.cap_targets { - for &t in entry.iter() { - let c = cb.alloc_const(expected[idx], "expected vk element"); - cb.connect(t, c); - idx += 1; - } - } - assert_eq!(idx, expected.len(), "connected every vk commitment element"); - } - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("circuit build: {e:?}"))?; - let (pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(&[], proof, &Some(vk.commitment.clone())); - let mut r = circuit.runner(); - r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - r.set_private_inputs(&privs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut r, - &op_ids, - &proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("set mmcs: {e}"))?; - r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_f_vk_binding() { - let (config, _perm, _fri) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let log_h = log2_strict_usize(ROWS); - - // Two AIRs, same shape, different preprocessed constant => different vks. - let air_a = ConstPrepAir { k: 42, rows: ROWS }; - let air_b = ConstPrepAir { k: 99, rows: ROWS }; - - let (prep_a, vk_a) = setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_a, log_h).expect("air_a preprocessed"); - let (prep_b, vk_b) = setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, log_h).expect("air_b preprocessed"); - - let proof_a = prove_with_preprocessed( - &config, - &air_a, - generate_const_main_trace::(42, ROWS), - &[], - Some(&prep_a), - ); - let proof_b = prove_with_preprocessed( - &config, - &air_b, - generate_const_main_trace::(99, ROWS), - &[], - Some(&prep_b), - ); - - // Sanity: each proof verifies against its OWN vk, and the two vks differ. - assert!(verify_with_preprocessed(&config, &air_a, &proof_a, &[], Some(&vk_a)).is_ok()); - assert!(verify_with_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, &proof_b, &[], Some(&vk_b)).is_ok()); - - let vk_a_vals = - as Recursive>::get_values(&vk_a.commitment); - let vk_b_vals = - as Recursive>::get_values(&vk_b.commitment); - assert_ne!( - vk_a_vals, vk_b_vals, - "different preprocessed constant must yield different vk commitments" - ); - - // POSITIVE: correct vk (proof_42 bound to vk_42) is accepted. - verify_in_circuit(Some(&vk_a_vals), &vk_a, &proof_a) - .expect("correct-vk inner proof must be accepted by the vk-equality connect"); - - // NEGATIVE: wrong vk (proof_99 bound to vk_42) is rejected. - assert!( - verify_in_circuit(Some(&vk_a_vals), &vk_b, &proof_b).is_err(), - "deliberately wrong-vk inner proof must be REJECTED by the vk-equality connect-back" - ); - - // CONTROL: proof_99 with NO binding is accepted — proves the NEGATIVE rejection - // is purely the vk binding, not an internal-verify or shape artifact. - verify_in_circuit(None, &vk_b, &proof_b) - .expect("unbound proof_99 must verify in-circuit (it is internally valid)"); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 1e7cdf3e..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,119 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe G — per-leaf PI passthrough from a REAL aggregation (the integrated -//! fan-in-8 prerequisite). -//! -//! P0-T3's full form needs the per-leaf ProofData of the source-aggregator to -//! surface in the OUTER state-transition circuit, where inactive slots are masked -//! (§7.17, proved standalone in `probe_e_active_masking`). The load-bearing question: -//! can the per-leaf public inputs of a REAL 2-to-1 aggregation be read by the outer -//! circuit that verifies the aggregation proof? -//! -//! An aggregation output is itself a batch proof of a CircuitBuilder verifier -//! circuit. Per Probes D/H, such proofs expose NO public inputs as `air_public_targets`. -//! This probe confirms it for the aggregation case directly: aggregate two leaves with -//! DISTINCT committed values (8 and 5), verify the aggregation proof in an outer -//! circuit, and assert the leaf values are NOT recoverable (`air_public_targets` -//! total == 0). -//! -//! RESULT (pinned): the per-leaf PIs do NOT pass through. Building the full -//! integrated fan-in-8 is therefore blocked at the first cross-layer hop — the same -//! Phase-5 limitation as Probe H. Escalated; the masking (Probe E) must consume the -//! per-leaf values via the Option-2 (commit + re-bind) construction, not via -//! aggregation public inputs. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::TableProver; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::verifier::verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit; -use p3_recursion::{PcsRecursionBackend, Poseidon2Config, ProveNextLayerParams}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyHash, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, InnerFri, aggregate_two, config_with_fri_params, - create_fri_verifier_params, default_fri_params, default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8, - goldilocks_backend, prove_base_counter, -}; - -// The aggregation output is a recursion layer proved over the degree-2 extension, -// so its `proof.ext_degree` is 2 (vs 1 for a base proof). -const TRACE_D: usize = 2; - -#[test] -fn probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - - // Two leaves with DISTINCT committed values, aggregated for real (2-to-1). - let o_a = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let o_b = prove_base_counter(5, &config, &fp); - let agg = aggregate_two(&o_a, &o_b, &config, &backend, ¶ms); - let common = agg.1.common_data(); - - // Verify the aggregation proof in an outer circuit and inspect air_public_targets. - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let fri_params = create_fri_verifier_params(&fp); - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - // The aggregation output has Poseidon2 + recompose NPO tables; get their provers - // from the backend. - let provers: Vec>> = PcsRecursionBackend::< - ConfigWithFriParams, - p3_recursion::BatchOnly, - 2, - >::non_primitive_provers( - &backend, 2 - ); - - let (verifier_inputs, _op_ids) = verify_p3_batch_proof_circuit::< - ConfigWithFriParams, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - LogUpGadget, - Poseidon2Config, - WIDTH, - RATE, - TRACE_D, - >( - &config, - &mut cb, - &agg.0, - &fri_params, - common, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - &provers, - ) - .expect("build aggregation-output verifier circuit"); - - let total: usize = verifier_inputs - .air_public_targets - .iter() - .map(|t| t.len()) - .sum(); - eprintln!("probe_g: aggregation-output air_public_targets total = {total}"); - - // The per-leaf committed values (8, 5) are NOT exposed to the outer circuit. - assert_eq!( - total, 0, - "per-leaf PIs from a real aggregation are NOT surfaced as air_public_targets; \ - the integrated fan-in-8 passthrough is blocked (Phase-5 Option-2 territory). \ - If this becomes non-zero on a new rev, the integrated passthrough may be viable." - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5aea9bc6..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_h_option1_air_public_values.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe H — Option 1 (carry the threaded value as an AIR public value) feasibility. -//! -//! The Phase-1-authorize decision (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md §6) offers Option 1 (AIR -//! public values, "fast") vs Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind, "sound") for threading -//! `prev_account`/ProofData across the IVC chain. This probe determines empirically -//! whether Option 1 is achievable at all. -//! -//! A recursion layer is a `p3-circuit` CircuitBuilder verifier circuit proved with -//! batch-stark. To thread a value via Option 1 it would have to surface as a -//! constrainable `air_public_target` in the NEXT layer. Two avenues: -//! * Avenue 1 (CircuitBuilder public input): already shown dead by -//! `probe_d_multilayer_carry` — `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` (CircuitBuilder -//! public inputs live in the committed Public table, not as AIR public values). -//! * Avenue 2 (inject via `RecursionInput::BatchStark.table_public_inputs`): tested -//! here. `into_recursion_input` zeroes this; we instead pass a NON-empty value -//! claiming the counter, and check whether the layer can be built/proved. -//! -//! RESULT (pinned): Avenue 2 also fails — you cannot inject public inputs the proof -//! does not structurally have. Combined with `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, **Option 1 -//! is not feasible on this rev**; Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) is the only path. -//! This is escalated as a hard Phase-5 architecture finding. - -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, RecursionInput, build_and_prove_next_layer}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::F; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, -}; - -#[test] -fn probe_h_option1_air_public_values() { - use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; - - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - - // Layer 0: base counter proof committing to step count = 8 (a CircuitBuilder - // public input). We want to thread "8" forward as an AIR public value. - let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let num_tables = output.0.proof.opened_values.instances.len(); - - // Sanity: the honest (empty) input that the high-level chain uses builds fine. - let honest = output.into_recursion_input::(); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams::default(); - build_and_prove_next_layer::( - &honest, &config, &backend, ¶ms, - ) - .expect("the honest empty-PI layer must build+prove"); - - // Avenue 2: try to INJECT a non-empty public input claiming the counter value, - // so the next layer could read it as an air_public_target. Put "8" on table 0. - let mut injected: Vec> = vec![vec![]; num_tables]; - injected[0] = vec![F::from_u64(8)]; - let tampered: RecursionInput<'_, ConfigWithFriParams, BatchOnly> = RecursionInput::BatchStark { - proof: &output.0, - common_data: &output.0.stark_common, - table_public_inputs: injected, - }; - - let result = build_and_prove_next_layer::( - &tampered, &config, &backend, ¶ms, - ); - - // Option 1 verdict: you cannot inject a public input the batch proof does not - // structurally carry — the layer build/prove must reject the mismatched count. - assert!( - result.is_err(), - "Option 1 expectation: injecting a non-existent public input must fail \ - (the value cannot be surfaced as an AIR public value). If this ever SUCCEEDS, \ - Option 1 may have become viable on a new rev — revisit the Phase-1 decision." - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 673acce2..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_i_cost_projection.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe I — real-circuit-sized cost projection. -//! -//! The toy bench (`probe_a_ivc`) measured the recursion-layer cost over a TRIVIAL -//! inner proof (~8 gates): ≈4.65 s/stabilized layer, ≈1 GB. The real zkCoins -//! state-transition circuit is far larger: ≈2^16 rows / ≈50k gates / ≈4500 Poseidon -//! hashes, with a measured Plonky2 warm-prove of 4.35 s p50 / 3.9 GB RSS on M5 Max -//! (`scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json`; `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md` -//! §7.17). The warm-prove budget is ≤5 s warm / ≤1 s ideal / <64 GB. -//! -//! This probe scales the recursion-layer measurement up to a real-sized inner proof -//! (a ≈2^16-gate base circuit) and reports the per-layer prove time + circuit size, -//! so the Phase-5 recursion overhead can be projected against the budget. Run under -//! `/usr/bin/time -l` to capture peak RSS. -//! -//! Honest caveat: the synthetic base is an ARITHMETIC (counter-add) circuit of the -//! target gate count. The real circuit's constraints are Poseidon-heavy (heavier per -//! row), so these numbers are an indicative recursion-overhead FLOOR for that size, -//! not a full replica of the real prove cost (which is already measured at 4.35 s). - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -/// Measure: base-proof prove time, first recursion-layer witness_count + prove time, -/// for a base circuit of `gates` arithmetic gates. -fn measure(gates: u64) { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - - let t0 = std::time::Instant::now(); - let output = prove_base_counter(gates, &config, &fp); - let base_ms = t0.elapsed().as_millis(); - - let layer_table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: layer_table_packing, - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - - let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); - let (vc, vr) = - build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) - .expect("build layer"); - let wc = vc.witness_count; - - let t1 = std::time::Instant::now(); - let out = prove_next_layer::( - &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, - ) - .expect("prove layer"); - let layer_ms = t1.elapsed().as_millis(); - - verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing).expect("verify layer"); - - eprintln!( - "probe_i: base_gates={gates} base_prove_ms={base_ms} layer1_witness_count={wc} layer1_prove_ms={layer_ms}" - ); -} - -#[test] -fn probe_i_cost_projection() { - // Toy (matches probe_a scale) and real-sized (~2^16 gates ≈ the real state - // transition) to show how the recursion-layer cost scales with inner-proof size. - measure(1 << 4); - measure(1 << 12); - measure(1 << 16); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 55e65d58..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_j_option2_rebind.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe J — Option 2 (commit + hash re-bind) end-to-end feasibility. -//! -//! Option 2 was the *only* remaining cross-layer-threading construction after Option -//! 1 was killed (Probes G/H). It needs two things: (a) a per-layer commit+rebind -//! PRIMITIVE — compute `hash(V)` in-circuit and bind a witnessed `V` to a committed -//! digest; and (b) a way for layer N+1 to READ layer N's committed digest so it can -//! rebind. This probe tests both. -//! -//! PART 1 (this test): the in-circuit Poseidon2 hash-bind primitive is real and -//! binding — `connect(hash(V1), hash(V2))` holds iff `V1 == V2`. Real Poseidon2 -//! permutation executed in `runner.run()`; positive (same preimage) accepted, -//! negative (different preimage) rejected. So Option 2's per-layer building block -//! works. -//! -//! PART 2 (the wall, established empirically by `probe_d_multilayer_carry`, -//! `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough`, `probe_h_option1_air_public_values`): a batch -//! proof exposes NO per-instance value/digest as a constrainable target -//! (`air_public_targets = [0,0,0]`; only whole-trace Merkle-root commitments are -//! exposed, from which a single committed digest cannot be extracted/bound). So -//! layer N+1 cannot read layer N's committed digest, and the primitive **cannot -//! compose across the batch-recursion chain**. -//! -//! CONCLUSION: Option 2's per-layer commit primitive is expressible, but multi-layer -//! Option-2 threading is NOT achievable on this rev — confirming the cross-layer -//! state IVC (zkCoins `prev_account` carry) is structurally unbuildable here. This is -//! the migration's NO-GO pivot, escalated to the operator. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{ - GoldilocksD2Width8, Poseidon2Config, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace, -}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{Challenge, F}; - -/// Build a circuit that hashes two witnessed preimages with the in-circuit Poseidon2 -/// gadget and `connect`s the two digests element-wise, then run it with `(v1, v2)`. -/// Returns Err if the run fails (i.e. the digests differ). -fn hash_bind(v1: u64, v2: u64) -> Result<(), String> { - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::default_goldilocks_poseidon2_8(), - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let a = cb.alloc_public_input("v1"); - let b = cb.alloc_public_input("v2"); - - let cfg = Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8; - let h1 = cb - .add_hash_slice(&cfg, &[a], true) - .map_err(|e| format!("hash1: {e:?}"))?; - let h2 = cb - .add_hash_slice(&cfg, &[b], true) - .map_err(|e| format!("hash2: {e:?}"))?; - - // Bind the two digests element-wise: holds iff hash(v1) == hash(v2). - assert_eq!(h1.len(), h2.len()); - for (x, y) in h1.iter().zip(h2.iter()) { - cb.connect(*x, *y); - } - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - let mut r = circuit.runner(); - r.set_public_inputs(&[Challenge::from_u64(v1), Challenge::from_u64(v2)]) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_j_option2_rebind() { - // PART 1 — the per-layer commit+rebind PRIMITIVE works (real in-circuit Poseidon2): - // POSITIVE: identical preimage => identical digest => the hash-bind holds. - hash_bind(42, 42).expect("hash(V) must bind to hash(V) (commit+rebind primitive)"); - - // NEGATIVE: a wrong forwarded value => different digest => the hash-bind rejects. - assert!( - hash_bind(42, 99).is_err(), - "a mismatched preimage (wrong forwarded value) must be REJECTED by the hash bind" - ); - assert!( - hash_bind(0, 1).is_err(), - "even adjacent values must produce distinct digests rejected by the bind" - ); - - // PART 2 — the wall: this primitive needs layer N+1 to READ layer N's committed - // digest to rebind it. That is structurally impossible across a batch layer: - // `probe_d_multilayer_carry` (air_public_targets = [0,0,0]), - // `probe_h_option1_air_public_values` (injecting a public input is rejected), and - // `probe_g_fanin_pi_passthrough` (aggregation exposes 0 per-leaf values) all show - // no per-instance value/digest is exposed across a batch-recursion layer — only - // whole-trace Merkle-root commitments, from which a single committed digest cannot - // be extracted or bound. So the commit+rebind cannot chain past the first - // (uni-stark) hop. Multi-layer Option-2 threading is NOT achievable on this rev. -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 033b04c6..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_l_multi_air.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,179 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe L — multi-AIR coexistence in one verifier circuit. -//! -//! The real port verifies heterogeneous inner proofs in one outer circuit (the -//! state-transition proof AND the source-aggregator proof). This probe validates -//! that two DIFFERENT AIRs can be verified in a single `p3-circuit` verifier circuit -//! with their public inputs kept cleanly distinct and individually bound. -//! -//! AIR A = `CounterAir` (state-transition-like: public inputs `[start, last]`). -//! AIR B = `ConstPrepAir` (aggregator-like: a preprocessed/“vk”-bearing AIR). -//! Both are verified uni-stark in one circuit. POSITIVE: both correct → run OK, and -//! A's `air_public_targets` are bound to A's committed values (not B's). NEGATIVE: -//! feeding A's verifier B's public inputs (cross-wiring) is rejected. - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; -use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; -use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::{prove, prove_with_preprocessed, setup_preprocessed}; -use p3_util::log2_strict_usize; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::{ - ConstPrepAir, CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_const_main_trace, - generate_counter_trace, -}; - -/// Build a circuit verifying BOTH inner proofs. `wrong_a_pis` cross-wires A's verifier -/// with B's public input value (the soundness negative). -fn verify_both(cross_wire_a: bool) -> Result<(), String> { - let (config, perm, fri_vp) = make_uni_verify_config(); - const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; - - // AIR A: counter, PI [5, 12]. - let air_a = CounterAir; - let pis_a = counter_public_inputs::(5, ROWS); - let proof_a = prove( - &config, - &air_a, - generate_counter_trace::(5, ROWS), - &pis_a, - ); - - // AIR B: ConstPrepAir k=77, preprocessed vk. - let air_b = ConstPrepAir { k: 77, rows: ROWS }; - let (prep_b, vk_b) = - setup_preprocessed(&config, &air_b, log2_strict_usize(ROWS)).expect("prep B"); - let proof_b = prove_with_preprocessed( - &config, - &air_b, - generate_const_main_trace::(77, ROWS), - &[], - Some(&prep_b), - ); - - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - // Verifier inputs for A and B (separate target sets — kept distinct). - let vi_a = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, &proof_a, None, pis_a.len(), - ); - let vi_b = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, &proof_b, Some(&vk_b.commitment), 0, - ); - - let op_a = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - CounterAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air_a, - &mut cb, - &vi_a.proof_targets, - &vi_a.air_public_targets, - &None, - &fri_vp, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify A: {e:?}"))?; - - let op_b = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - ConstPrepAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air_b, - &mut cb, - &vi_b.proof_targets, - &vi_b.air_public_targets, - &vi_b.preprocessed_commit, - &fri_vp, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify B: {e:?}"))?; - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - let mut r = circuit.runner(); - - // Pack A with EITHER its own pis (correct) or a cross-wired wrong value. - let a_pis_used = if cross_wire_a { - vec![F::from_u64(77), pis_a[1]] // claim A.start == B's k (wrong) - } else { - pis_a.clone() - }; - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = vi_a.pack_values(&a_pis_used, &proof_a, &None); - let (pb, prb) = vi_b.pack_values(&[], &proof_b, &Some(vk_b.commitment.clone())); - pubs.extend(pb); - privs.extend(prb); - - r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - r.set_private_inputs(&privs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut r, - &op_a, - &proof_a.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs A: {e}"))?; - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut r, - &op_b, - &proof_b.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs B: {e}"))?; - r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_l_multi_air() { - // POSITIVE: two different AIRs verify together, PIs kept distinct + bound. - verify_both(false).expect("two heterogeneous AIRs must co-verify in one circuit"); - // NEGATIVE: cross-wiring A's public input to B's value is rejected — the two - // AIRs' public inputs are independently bound, not conflated. - assert!( - verify_both(true).is_err(), - "cross-wiring AIR A's public input must be rejected (PIs are per-AIR bound)" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs deleted file mode 100644 index b8b8001c..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_m_long_chain.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe M — long IVC chains (depth 50). -//! -//! `probe_a_ivc` validated the fixed point over 4 layers. This probe drives a 50-layer -//! recursion chain to confirm the constant-shape fixed-point assumption HOLDS AT DEPTH -//! (the verifier-circuit `witness_count` stays constant once stabilised, with no slow -//! drift), every layer verifies, and to measure cumulative prove latency. Run under -//! `/usr/bin/time -l` for peak RSS. Slow by design. - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -#[test] -fn probe_m_long_chain() { - const DEPTH: usize = 50; - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - - let mut output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let mut witness_counts: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(DEPTH); - let t0 = std::time::Instant::now(); - - for layer in 1..=DEPTH { - let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); - let (vc, vr) = build_next_layer_circuit::( - &input, &config, &backend, - ) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("build layer {layer}: {e:?}")); - witness_counts.push(vc.witness_count); - let out = prove_next_layer::( - &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, - ) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove layer {layer}: {e:?}")); - // EVERY layer must verify. - verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("verify layer {layer}: {e}")); - output = out; - } - - let total_s = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64(); - let last = *witness_counts.last().unwrap(); - let stable_from = witness_counts - .iter() - .position(|&w| w == last) - .expect("a fixed point exists"); - - // The fixed point must be reached early and then hold CONSTANT all the way to - // depth 50 — no unbounded growth, no slow drift. - assert!( - stable_from <= 5, - "fixed point should stabilise within ~5 layers; counts = {witness_counts:?}" - ); - assert!( - witness_counts[stable_from..].iter().all(|&w| w == last), - "the IVC fixed point must hold constant to depth {DEPTH}; counts = {witness_counts:?}" - ); - - eprintln!( - "probe_m: depth={DEPTH} stabilised_at_layer={} fixed_witness_count={last} \ - total_prove_s={total_s:.1} per_layer_avg_s={:.2}", - stable_from + 1, - total_s / DEPTH as f64 - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 78055d55..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_n_concurrent.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe N — concurrent proving load. -//! -//! A real service proves many requests at once. This probe spawns 4 independent -//! proving workloads on separate threads — each proves a base circuit AND a recursion -//! layer, then verifies — and asserts every one succeeds. Validates the prover is -//! usable under concurrency (no shared-state corruption, no panics). Run under -//! `/usr/bin/time -l` to capture peak RSS across all 4 concurrent provers. - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -/// One independent proving workload: base proof of `gates` + one recursion layer + verify. -fn workload(gates: u64) -> Result { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - - let output = prove_base_counter(gates, &config, &fp); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); - let (vc, vr) = - build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) - .map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - let wc = vc.witness_count; - let out = prove_next_layer::( - &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("prove: {e:?}"))?; - verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) - .map_err(|e| format!("verify: {e}"))?; - Ok(wc) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_n_concurrent() { - let sizes = [1u64 << 8, 1 << 9, 1 << 10, 1 << 11]; - let handles: Vec<_> = sizes - .into_iter() - .map(|g| std::thread::spawn(move || workload(g))) - .collect(); - - let mut ok = 0; - for h in handles { - let res = h.join().expect("worker thread must not panic"); - res.expect("each concurrent proving workload must verify"); - ok += 1; - } - assert_eq!(ok, 4, "all 4 concurrent provers must succeed"); - eprintln!("probe_n: 4 concurrent prove+recurse+verify workloads all succeeded"); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5e83739b..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_o_soundness.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe O — soundness spot-check of the recursion-verifier API. -//! -//! All the other probes rely on `verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit` + `set_fri_mmcs_private_data` -//! genuinely REJECTING bad inputs (not vacuously accepting). This probe attacks the -//! verifier itself with mismatched cryptographic data and asserts the in-circuit -//! verification fails — confirming the FRI/Merkle check is real, so the negative -//! assertions in Probes C/D/F/L/J are trustworthy. -//! -//! Negatives: -//! * wrong FRI private data — feed proof B's `opening_proof` (Merkle paths) into a -//! verifier circuit built for proof A → the in-circuit Merkle verification fails. -//! * tampered public input — claim a different committed value → rejected (re-confirms -//! `probe_c` against this exact harness). - -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{GoldilocksD2Width8, generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::PrimeCharacteristicRing; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::set_fri_mmcs_private_data; -use p3_recursion::public_inputs::StarkVerifierInputsBuilder; -use p3_recursion::{Poseidon2Config, verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit}; -use p3_test_utils::goldilocks_params::{ - Challenge, ChallengeMmcs, DIGEST_ELEMS, F, MyCompress, MyConfig, MyHash, MyMmcs, RATE, WIDTH, -}; -use p3_uni_stark::{Proof, prove}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{InnerFri, make_uni_verify_config}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::{CounterAir, counter_public_inputs, generate_counter_trace}; - -const ROWS: usize = 1 << 3; - -/// Build a verifier for `proof_a` (committing `pis_a`), then run it with the supplied -/// public-input claim, and the FRI private data taken from `mmcs_proof` (which may be a -/// DIFFERENT proof of the same shape — the soundness attack). -fn run_with( - proof_a: &Proof, - pis_a: &[F], - claim: &[F], - mmcs_proof: &Proof, -) -> Result<(), String> { - let (config, perm, fri_vp) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm_width_8::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let vi = StarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, proof_a, None, pis_a.len(), - ); - let op = verify_p3_uni_proof_circuit::< - CounterAir, - MyConfig, - MerkleCapTargets, - InputProofTargets>, - InnerFri, - _, - WIDTH, - RATE, - >( - &config, - &air, - &mut cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &None, - &fri_vp, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - // pack with proof_a but the supplied public-input claim. - let (pubs, privs) = vi.pack_values(claim, proof_a, &None); - let mut r = circuit.runner(); - r.set_public_inputs(&pubs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - r.set_private_inputs(&privs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - &mut r, - &op, - &mmcs_proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::GOLDILOCKS_D2_W8, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("mmcs: {e}"))?; - r.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_o_soundness() { - let (config, _p, _f) = make_uni_verify_config(); - let air = CounterAir; - let pis_a = counter_public_inputs::(5, ROWS); // [5, 12] - let proof_a = prove(&config, &air, generate_counter_trace::(5, ROWS), &pis_a); - let pis_b = counter_public_inputs::(9, ROWS); // [9, 16], same shape, different proof - let proof_b = prove(&config, &air, generate_counter_trace::(9, ROWS), &pis_b); - - // BASELINE positive: correct proof + correct claim + own mmcs data → accepted. - run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &pis_a, &proof_a).expect("correct proof must verify (baseline)"); - - // SOUNDNESS NEGATIVE 1: wrong FRI private data (proof B's Merkle paths) into proof - // A's verifier → the in-circuit Merkle/FRI verification must fail. - assert!( - run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &pis_a, &proof_b).is_err(), - "mismatched FRI private data must be REJECTED (verification is not vacuous)" - ); - - // SOUNDNESS NEGATIVE 2: tampered public-input claim → rejected. - let wrong_claim = vec![F::from_u64(999), pis_a[1]]; - assert!( - run_with(&proof_a, &pis_a, &wrong_claim, &proof_a).is_err(), - "a tampered public-input claim must be REJECTED" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 0c93cd82..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_p_serialization.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,67 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe P — proof serialization round-trip (node-integration property). -//! -//! The node persists proof blobs (`MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md` Phase 6 P6-T3). This probe — -//! not one of the original six, added because it's a real checkable property they don't -//! cover — confirms a recursion proof survives a bincode serialize → deserialize round -//! trip byte-for-byte AND still verifies, and that a truncated blob is rejected. - -use p3_circuit::ops::NpoTypeId; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::BatchStarkProof; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ConstraintProfile, TablePacking}; -use p3_recursion::{BatchOnly, ProveNextLayerParams, build_next_layer_circuit, prove_next_layer}; -use plonky3_recursion_spike::goldilocks_rec::{ - ConfigWithFriParams, config_with_fri_params, default_fri_params, goldilocks_backend, - prove_base_counter, verify_batch_proof, verify_recursion_output, -}; - -#[test] -fn probe_p_serialization() { - let fp = default_fri_params(); - let config = config_with_fri_params(&fp); - let backend = goldilocks_backend(); - let params = ProveNextLayerParams { - table_packing: TablePacking::new(1, 3) - .with_fri_params(fp.log_final_poly_len, fp.log_blowup) - .with_npo_lanes(NpoTypeId::recompose(), 1), - constraint_profile: ConstraintProfile::Standard, - }; - - // A representative recursion proof. - let output = prove_base_counter(8, &config, &fp); - let input = output.into_recursion_input::(); - let (vc, vr) = - build_next_layer_circuit::(&input, &config, &backend) - .expect("build layer"); - let out = prove_next_layer::( - &input, &vc, &vr, &config, &backend, ¶ms, None, - ) - .expect("prove layer"); - verify_recursion_output(&out, &config, ¶ms.table_packing).expect("baseline verify"); - - // Serialize → deserialize → re-serialize: byte-stable round trip. - let bytes = bincode::serialize(&out.0).expect("serialize proof"); - assert!(!bytes.is_empty(), "serialized proof must be non-empty"); - let proof2: BatchStarkProof = - bincode::deserialize(&bytes).expect("deserialize proof"); - let bytes2 = bincode::serialize(&proof2).expect("re-serialize"); - assert_eq!( - bytes, bytes2, - "serialization round-trip must be byte-stable" - ); - - // The deserialized proof still verifies. - verify_batch_proof(&proof2, &config, ¶ms.table_packing) - .expect("deserialized proof must still verify"); - - // NEGATIVE: a truncated blob must not deserialize into a usable proof. - let truncated = &bytes[..bytes.len() / 2]; - assert!( - bincode::deserialize::>(truncated).is_err(), - "a truncated proof blob must be rejected on deserialization" - ); - - eprintln!( - "probe_p: recursion proof serialized to {} bytes; round-trips byte-stable + verifies", - bytes.len() - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 2e7efa31..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_q_custom_public_value.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,196 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe Q — a custom AIR's PUBLIC VALUE crosses a batch-recursion layer (overturns -//! the scoped NO-GO). -//! -//! Probes D/G/H found `air_public_targets = [0,0,0]` and concluded "no per-instance -//! value channel across a batch layer". That finding was **scoped too narrowly**: it -//! only exercised the three PRIMITIVE tables (Const/Public/Alu, which structurally emit -//! zero AIR public values) and `CircuitBuilder` public inputs (which live in the -//! committed Public *table*). Upstream PR #407 ("feat: support public values", merged -//! 2026-03-19, **present in our pinned rev 524665d**) wires per-instance AIR public -//! values of NON-PRIMITIVE / raw AIRs through to the next layer's `air_public_targets`. -//! -//! This probe replicates upstream `recursion/tests/preprocessing.rs:: -//! test_batch_verifier_with_public_values` (+ the wrong-value negative) IN OUR CRATE: -//! a custom `PublicValueAir` (`num_public_values() = 1`) is proved with `prove_batch` -//! and verified in-circuit via `verify_batch_circuit`; its public value surfaces as a -//! constrainable `air_public_target` and is SOUNDLY BOUND. -//! -//! * POSITIVE: correct public value → the in-circuit batch verifier runs. -//! * NEGATIVE: a wrong claimed public value → rejected (`run()` errors). -//! -//! Green ⇒ a per-instance value DOES cross a batch layer ⇒ the cross-layer value -//! channel that the IVC needs EXISTS (via a public-value-emitting AIR), and the -//! migration NO-GO is overturned for this construction. Uses BabyBear (the exact -//! upstream pattern); the mechanism is field-generic. - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; -use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// A raw AIR with one PUBLIC VALUE: trace width 2, constraint `local[0] == public[0]` -/// on the first row. The public value is bound to a committed trace cell. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct PublicValueAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl PublicValueAir { - fn generate_trace(&self) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { - let width = 2; - let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = Val::from_usize(row + 42); - values[idx + 1] = Val::from_usize(row + 1); - } - let pv = values[0]; - (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), vec![pv]) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for PublicValueAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 1 - } -} - -impl Air for PublicValueAir -where - AB::F: Field, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let local0 = local[0]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi0 = pis[0]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(local0, pi0); - } -} - -/// Verify a `PublicValueAir` batch proof in-circuit, claiming `claimed_pv` as the -/// public value. Returns Err if the in-circuit run fails. -fn verify_with_claimed_pv(claimed_pv: F) -> Result<(), String> { - let n = 1 << 3; - let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); - let fri_verifier_params = FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( - scalars.log_blowup, - scalars.log_final_poly_len, - scalars.commit_pow_bits, - scalars.query_pow_bits, - ); - let config = make_test_config(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - - let pv_air = PublicValueAir { rows: n }; - let (pv_trace, pv_vals) = pv_air.generate_trace::(); - let pvs = [pv_vals]; - - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &pv_air, - trace: &pv_trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); - let common_data = &prover_data.common; - let batch_proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(&config, &[pv_air], &batch_proof, &pvs, common_data) - .map_err(|e| format!("native verify: {e:?}"))?; - - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let air_public_counts = vec![1usize]; - let vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder::, InnerFri>::allocate( - &mut cb, - &batch_proof, - common_data, - &air_public_counts, - ); - - // The public value IS surfaced as a constrainable target across the batch layer: - // exactly one instance, with exactly one per-instance public target (NOT [0,0,0]). - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 1, - "the custom AIR's public value MUST surface as 1 air_public_target (not [0,0,0])" - ); - - verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - &config, - &[pv_air], - &mut cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &fri_verifier_params, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - // Claim `claimed_pv` as the public value (correct or tampered). - let claimed = [vec![claimed_pv]]; - let (public_inputs, private_inputs) = vi.pack_values(&claimed, &batch_proof, common_data); - runner - .set_public_inputs(&public_inputs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - runner - .set_private_inputs(&private_inputs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_q_custom_public_value() { - // The committed public value is trace[0] = 42 (row 0: from_usize(0 + 42)). - let correct = F::from_usize(42); - - // POSITIVE: correct public value surfaces across the batch layer and verifies. - verify_with_claimed_pv(correct) - .expect("a custom AIR's public value MUST cross the batch layer and verify"); - - // NEGATIVE: a wrong claimed public value is rejected — the value is SOUNDLY BOUND - // across the layer (this is the cross-layer value channel the IVC needs). - assert!( - verify_with_claimed_pv(F::from_usize(999)).is_err(), - "a wrong claimed public value must be REJECTED across the batch layer" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 7f330dae..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_carrier_chain.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,326 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe R — an end-to-end carrier-table IVC chain: a counter value V is threaded -//! across >= 4 recursion layers via the PUBLIC-VALUE channel (MIGRATION_PLONKY3.md -//! §5, the IVC `prev_account` value-carry that the real circuit needs). -//! -//! Probe Q established the *single-layer* fact: a custom AIR with -//! `num_public_values() > 0`, proved with `prove_batch`, surfaces its public value -//! as a NON-EMPTY, SOUNDLY-BOUND `air_public_target` in the next layer's -//! `verify_batch_circuit`. Probe R CHAINS that fact: it builds a real IVC chain -//! where layer N's carried value V_N is cryptographically threaded into layer N+1, -//! which re-emits V_{N+1} = V_N + 1 for the next layer, for 4 layers (V_0..V_3). -//! -//! ## Construction (B — lower-level, manual chain over `prove_batch`) -//! -//! Each layer N is a real `prove_batch` BatchProof of a single `CarrierAir` -//! instance whose TWO public values are `[v_in, v_out]`, with the increment -//! `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced NATIVELY inside the carrier AIR (and bound to -//! committed trace cells). Layer N commits `[V_{N-1}, V_N]` (layer 0 commits -//! `[V_0 - 1, V_0]`, i.e. its `v_in` is unconstrained-against-a-predecessor — it is -//! the base case). -//! -//! The cross-layer bind (the IVC step linking layer N to layer N+1) is a single -//! `CircuitBuilder` that: -//! 1. verifies layer N's carrier proof in-circuit (`verify_batch_circuit`), -//! surfacing `V_N = prev.air_public_targets[0][1]`, cryptographically bound to -//! layer N's proof; -//! 2. verifies layer N+1's carrier proof in-circuit, surfacing -//! `v_in^{N+1} = cur.air_public_targets[0][0]`, bound to layer N+1's proof; -//! 3. CONNECTS them: `prev.air_public_targets[0][1] == cur.air_public_targets[0][0]`. -//! -//! Running that link circuit proves V_N (from proof N) == v_in of proof N+1, and -//! each carrier internally forces v_out = v_in + 1, so chaining links 0->1->2->3 -//! proves V_3 = V_0 + 3 with every value threaded through a real proof's -//! public-value channel. This is the cross-layer value channel the IVC needs. -//! -//! * POSITIVE: the full 0->1->2->3 chain links; the carried value is provably -//! V_3 == V_0 + 3 (asserted on the concrete values bound by each proof). -//! * NEGATIVE 1 (forwarded value): a link whose layer N+1 claims a v_in that does -//! NOT equal layer N's V_out is REJECTED (the forward bind is sound). -//! * NEGATIVE 2 (carrier bind): a carrier proof that claims a public value its -//! committed trace did not commit is REJECTED at `prove_batch`/`verify_batch` -//! time (the carrier soundly binds its public value to the trace). -//! -//! Uses BabyBear (the exact upstream public-value pattern, matching Probe Q); the -//! mechanism is field-generic. - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_batch_stark::{BatchProof, ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; -use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// A carrier AIR with TWO public values `[v_in, v_out]` and the increment -/// `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced natively. Trace width 2: row 0 holds -/// `[v_in, v_out]`, bound to the public values on the first row. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - /// Trace committing `v_in = v` and `v_out = v + 1` on row 0. The public values - /// returned are `[v_in, v_out]` (taken from the committed cells), so a HONEST - /// carrier always satisfies `v_out == v_in + 1`. - fn honest_trace(&self, v: Val) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { - let width = 2; - let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - // v_in / v_out columns: only row 0 is constrained against the PIs and the - // increment; later rows just hold a valid (in, in+1) pair so the - // transition-free AIR is satisfied everywhere. - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + Val::ONE; - } - let pvs = vec![values[0], values[1]]; - (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), pvs) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl Air for CarrierAir -where - AB::F: Field, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - // Public values are bound to the committed trace cells on the first row... - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - // ...and the carrier natively enforces the +1 increment. - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -fn fri_params() -> FriVerifierParams { - let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); - FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( - scalars.log_blowup, - scalars.log_final_poly_len, - scalars.commit_pow_bits, - scalars.query_pow_bits, - ) -} - -/// One layer of the chain: a real `prove_batch` carrier proof committing -/// `[v_in, v_out]`. `v_in` and `v_out` are the *claimed* public values (so a caller -/// can deliberately claim a wrong pair to exercise the carrier-bind negative). -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove a carrier layer. The committed trace always encodes `(v, v+1)`; `claimed` -/// is the public-value pair handed to `prove_batch`/`verify_batch`. With -/// `claimed = (v, v+1)` this is an honest layer; any other `claimed` is a tampered -/// carrier whose native verify must reject. -fn prove_layer(v: F, claimed: (F, F)) -> Result { - let n = 1 << 3; - let config = make_test_config(); - let air = CarrierAir { rows: n }; - let (trace, _honest_pvs) = air.honest_trace::(v); - let pvs = [vec![claimed.0, claimed.1]]; - - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(&config, &[air], &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .map_err(|e| format!("native verify: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - }) -} - -/// Allocate a carrier proof's batch-verifier inputs into `cb` and run -/// `verify_batch_circuit`, returning the verifier-inputs builder (so the caller can -/// read `air_public_targets` and pack values). Asserts the carrier surfaces exactly -/// two per-instance public targets (NOT `[0,0,0]`). -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -fn add_carrier_verifier(cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, layer: &Layer) -> Result { - let config = make_test_config(); - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "the carrier's two public values MUST surface as 2 air_public_targets (not [0,0,0])" - ); - verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - &config, - &[layer.air], - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &fri_params(), - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .map_err(|e| format!("build verifier: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(vi) -} - -/// The IVC link circuit between two carrier proofs `prev` and `cur`: verify BOTH -/// in one circuit and (if `bind`) connect `prev.v_out == cur.v_in`. Run it; returns -/// Err if the in-circuit run fails (i.e. the link is rejected). -fn run_link(prev: &Layer, cur: &Layer, bind: bool) -> Result<(), String> { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let prev_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, prev)?; - let cur_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, cur)?; - - if bind { - // IVC thread: layer N's emitted v_out is layer N+1's consumed v_in. - cb.connect( - prev_vi.air_public_targets[0][1], - cur_vi.air_public_targets[0][0], - ); - } - - let circuit = cb.build().map_err(|e| format!("build: {e:?}"))?; - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = prev_vi.pack_values(&prev.pvs, &prev.proof, prev.common()); - let (cur_pubs, cur_privs) = cur_vi.pack_values(&cur.pvs, &cur.proof, cur.common()); - pubs.extend(cur_pubs); - privs.extend(cur_privs); - runner - .set_public_inputs(&pubs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set pub: {e:?}"))?; - runner - .set_private_inputs(&privs) - .map_err(|e| format!("set priv: {e:?}"))?; - runner.run().map_err(|e| format!("run: {e:?}"))?; - Ok(()) -} - -#[test] -fn probe_r_carrier_chain() { - // V_0 = 10. The chain threads V_0 -> V_1 -> V_2 -> V_3 with each layer's carrier - // committing (V_{k-1}, V_k) and natively enforcing V_k = V_{k-1} + 1. - let v0 = 10u32; - - // Build 4 honest layers (depth 4: layers 0,1,2,3 => 3 IVC links). - // Layer k commits [v_{k-1}, v_k] = [v0+k-1, v0+k]. - let layers: Vec = (0..4) - .map(|k| { - let v_in = F::from_u32(v0 + k) - F::ONE; // v0 + k - 1 - prove_layer(v_in, (v_in, v_in + F::ONE)) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("prove honest layer {k}: {e}")) - }) - .collect(); - - // POSITIVE: every IVC link 0->1, 1->2, 2->3 verifies end-to-end. - for k in 0..3 { - run_link(&layers[k], &layers[k + 1], true) - .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("honest link {k}->{}: {e}", k + 1)); - } - - // The carried value is provably V_3 == V_0 + 3: each carrier's committed v_out is - // bound to its proof (Probe Q soundness) and each link binds v_out(N) == v_in(N+1), - // while each carrier enforces v_out == v_in + 1. Assert the concrete values. - let v3_out = layers[3].pvs[0][1]; - assert_eq!( - v3_out, - F::from_u32(v0 + 3), - "layer-3 carried value must be V_0 + 3 (counter threaded across 4 layers)" - ); - // And the forward-linkage of committed values holds across the whole chain. - for k in 0..3 { - assert_eq!( - layers[k].pvs[0][1], - layers[k + 1].pvs[0][0], - "committed v_out(layer {k}) must equal v_in(layer {})", - k + 1 - ); - } - - // NEGATIVE 1 (forwarded value): a layer 1 that claims a WRONG v_in (one that does - // NOT equal layer 0's v_out) must be REJECTED by the link bind. Build a layer - // whose carrier honestly commits (v0+5, v0+6) — a valid carrier, but the WRONG - // successor of layer 0 (which emitted v0). Linking 0 -> wrong must fail. - let wrong_in = F::from_u32(v0 + 5); - let wrong_successor = prove_layer(wrong_in, (wrong_in, wrong_in + F::ONE)) - .expect("a valid-but-wrong-successor carrier still proves natively"); - assert!( - run_link(&layers[0], &wrong_successor, true).is_err(), - "a link whose successor v_in != predecessor v_out must be REJECTED (forward bind sound)" - ); - // CONTROL: without the bind, the same mismatched pair is accepted — proving the - // rejection is purely the IVC thread bind, not some unrelated failure. - run_link(&layers[0], &wrong_successor, false) - .expect("without the IVC bind, a mismatched pair is accepted (control)"); - - // NEGATIVE 2 (carrier bind): a carrier proof that CLAIMS a public value its trace - // did not commit must be REJECTED at prove/verify time. The trace commits - // (v0, v0+1) but we claim v_out = v0+999 — the carrier's first-row bind rejects it. - let v = F::from_u32(v0); - let tampered = prove_layer(v, (v, F::from_u32(v0 + 999))); - assert!( - tampered.is_err(), - "a carrier claiming a public value it did not commit must be REJECTED (carrier soundly binds its PV)" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 5d054614..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_r_cost.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,362 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe R-cost — the carrier-table IVC chain's per-link cost at REAL-circuit -//! inner scale. -//! -//! Probe R (`probe_r_carrier_chain.rs`) established the *mechanism*: a depth-4 -//! IVC chain where each layer is a real `prove_batch` `CarrierAir` proof carrying -//! `[v_in, v_out]`, and each IVC link verifies two adjacent carriers in one -//! `CircuitBuilder` (`verify_batch_circuit`) and connects `v_out(N) == v_in(N+1)`. -//! But Probe R ran every carrier at a TOY inner size (`rows = 1 << 3`): the link -//! cost it measured is the verifier-circuit floor, NOT the cost of recursing over -//! a real-circuit-sized inner proof. -//! -//! Probe I (`probe_i_cost_projection.rs`) established the *bare-layer* baseline: -//! a single recursion layer over a ~2^16-gate inner proof costs ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB -//! (Goldilocks `prove_next_layer`). That is the bare recursion overhead with NO -//! carrier/public-value threading and NO two-proofs-per-link IVC construction. -//! -//! THIS probe closes the gap: it re-runs the Probe-R carrier chain with each -//! layer's inner `CarrierAir` trace SCALED UP toward the real ~2^16-row state -//! transition (`rows = 1 << 16`), keeping the carrier public-value threading -//! (`[v_in, v_out]`, `v_out == v_in + 1`, cross-layer `connect`) fully intact, and -//! measures: -//! * per-LAYER base build+prove+verify (`prove_batch` of a 2^16-row carrier); -//! * per-LINK build+prove(witness-gen)+verify (the IVC step: two -//! `verify_batch_circuit`s + the carry `connect`, run to completion); -//! * the whole-test peak RSS (capture via `/usr/bin/time -l`). -//! -//! It then reports the DELTA the carrier + chain construction adds over Probe I's -//! bare ≈3.2 s / ≈1.4 GB, and renders a VERDICT against the ≤5 s warm-prove budget -//! per state transition (one transition ≈ one inner carrier prove + one IVC link). -//! -//! The scaling lever is purely the carrier trace HEIGHT: STARK prove cost -//! (LDE/FFT + Merkle commit + FRI) is dominated by trace height, so a 2^16-row -//! carrier is a faithful inner-proof-size proxy for the real ~2^16-row circuit -//! (same honest caveat as Probe I: the synthetic constraints are lighter per row -//! than the real Poseidon-heavy circuit, so this is an overhead FLOOR for that -//! size, not a full replica of the real prove cost). -//! -//! Uses BabyBear, matching Probe R, for consistency. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_batch_stark::{BatchProof, ProverData, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_test_utils::baby_bear_params::*; -use p3_test_utils::test_fri_scalars; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// A carrier AIR with TWO public values `[v_in, v_out]` and the increment -/// `v_out == v_in + 1` enforced natively (identical to Probe R's `CarrierAir`, -/// but the trace HEIGHT `rows` is the scaling lever for inner-proof size). Trace -/// width 2: row 0 holds `[v_in, v_out]`, bound to the public values on the first -/// row; later rows just hold a valid `(in, in+1)` pair so the transition-free AIR -/// is satisfied at every one of the `rows` rows. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: Val) -> (RowMajorMatrix, Vec) { - let width = 2; - let mut values = Val::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + Val::ONE; - } - let pvs = vec![values[0], values[1]]; - (RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width), pvs) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl Air for CarrierAir -where - AB::F: Field, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -fn fri_params() -> FriVerifierParams { - let scalars = test_fri_scalars(); - FriVerifierParams::unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests( - scalars.log_blowup, - scalars.log_final_poly_len, - scalars.commit_pow_bits, - scalars.query_pow_bits, - ) -} - -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height, returning the -/// layer and the base build+prove+verify wall time in milliseconds. -fn prove_layer_timed(v: F, rows: usize) -> (Layer, u128) { - let config = make_test_config(); - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let claimed = (v, v + F::ONE); - - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let (trace, _honest_pvs) = air.honest_trace::(v); - let pvs = [vec![claimed.0, claimed.1]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(&config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(&config, &[air], &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify"); - let ms = t0.elapsed().as_millis(); - - ( - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - }, - ms, - ) -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -fn add_carrier_verifier(cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, layer: &Layer) -> Vi { - let config = make_test_config(); - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "the carrier's two public values MUST surface as 2 air_public_targets" - ); - verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - &config, - &[layer.air], - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - &fri_params(), - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier"); - vi -} - -/// One IVC link between adjacent carriers: build the link circuit (two -/// `verify_batch_circuit`s + the `v_out(prev) == v_in(cur)` carry `connect`) and -/// run it (witness-generation — `runner.run()` — which executes the in-circuit -/// verification of BOTH inner carrier proofs and the carry bind). Returns the -/// build + witness-gen wall time in ms. Panics if the link is rejected. -/// -/// CAVEAT: this is the link's witness-GENERATION, exactly as Probe R defines the -/// link — it is NOT a STARK *prove* of the link circuit. Probe I, by contrast, -/// measures `prove_next_layer` (a full STARK prove of the recursion layer). So the -/// two are different stages of the pipeline and the link time below is a floor, -/// not the eventual recursion-layer prove cost. -fn run_link_timed(prev: &Layer, cur: &Layer) -> u128 { - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - let prev_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, prev); - let cur_vi = add_carrier_verifier(&mut cb, cur); - - // IVC thread: layer N's emitted v_out is layer N+1's consumed v_in. - cb.connect( - prev_vi.air_public_targets[0][1], - cur_vi.air_public_targets[0][0], - ); - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("build link circuit"); - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = prev_vi.pack_values(&prev.pvs, &prev.proof, prev.common()); - let (cur_pubs, cur_privs) = cur_vi.pack_values(&cur.pvs, &cur.proof, cur.common()); - pubs.extend(cur_pubs); - privs.extend(cur_privs); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - runner.run().expect("run link"); - t0.elapsed().as_millis() -} - -/// Probe-I bare-layer baseline (Goldilocks `prove_next_layer` over a ~2^16-gate -/// inner proof), for the carrier-construction delta. -const PROBE_I_LAYER_MS: u128 = 3200; -const PROBE_I_RSS_GB: f64 = 1.4; - -/// One full state TRANSITION in this IVC construction = one inner carrier prove -/// (`prove_batch` at real inner size) + one IVC link (`verify_batch_circuit` ×2 + -/// carry connect). This is the warm-prove cost the ≤5 s budget gates. -const WARM_BUDGET_MS: u128 = 5000; - -#[test] -fn probe_r_cost() { - // Scale each carrier's inner trace toward the real ~2^16-row state transition. - // 1<<16 rows = real-circuit inner-proof size proxy. - let rows = 1usize << 16; - let v0 = 10u32; - - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: inner CarrierAir rows = {rows} (1<<{}), field = BabyBear, depth-4 chain", - rows.trailing_zeros() - ); - - // Build 4 honest layers at the scaled inner size, timing each base carrier - // prove. Layer k commits [v0+k-1, v0+k]; carrier forces v_out = v_in + 1. - let mut layers = Vec::with_capacity(4); - let mut base_ms_each = Vec::with_capacity(4); - for k in 0..4u32 { - let v_in = F::from_u32(v0 + k) - F::ONE; // v0 + k - 1 - let (layer, ms) = prove_layer_timed(v_in, rows); - eprintln!("probe_r_cost: layer {k} base prove (rows={rows}) = {ms} ms"); - base_ms_each.push(ms); - layers.push(layer); - } - - // Time every IVC link 0->1, 1->2, 2->3 (each: 2× verify_batch_circuit at the - // scaled inner size + the carry connect, run to completion). - let mut link_ms_each = Vec::with_capacity(3); - for k in 0..3 { - let ms = run_link_timed(&layers[k], &layers[k + 1]); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: IVC link {k}->{} build+witness-gen (in-circuit verify, NOT a STARK prove) = {ms} ms", - k + 1 - ); - link_ms_each.push(ms); - } - - // The carry value is still provably V_3 == V_0 + 3 at the scaled size: the - // threading is intact, only the inner trace grew. - assert_eq!( - layers[3].pvs[0][1], - F::from_u32(v0 + 3), - "layer-3 carried value must be V_0 + 3 (threading intact at scaled size)" - ); - - // --- Aggregate + DELTA vs Probe I -------------------------------------- - let n_layers = base_ms_each.len() as u128; - let n_links = link_ms_each.len() as u128; - let base_avg = base_ms_each.iter().sum::() / n_layers; - let link_avg = link_ms_each.iter().sum::() / n_links; - // One transition = one inner carrier prove + one IVC link. - let transition_ms = base_avg + link_avg; - - eprintln!("probe_r_cost: ===== SUMMARY ====="); - eprintln!("probe_r_cost: per-layer base carrier prove (avg over {n_layers}) = {base_avg} ms"); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: per-link IVC witness-gen (avg over {n_links}) = {link_avg} ms (in-circuit verify, NOT a STARK prove)" - ); - eprintln!("probe_r_cost: per-TRANSITION (inner prove + IVC link) = {transition_ms} ms"); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: Probe I bare-layer baseline = {PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms / {PROBE_I_RSS_GB} GB (a full prove_next_layer STARK prove)" - ); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: DELTA transition vs Probe I bare layer = {} ms ({:+} ms vs the {PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms bare floor)", - transition_ms, - transition_ms as i128 - PROBE_I_LAYER_MS as i128 - ); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: NOTE — Probe I's layer = a STARK PROVE of the recursion layer; this probe's link = witness-GEN only, so the link figure is a floor, not the eventual link-prove cost." - ); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: peak RSS: capture via `/usr/bin/time -l cargo nextest run probe_r_cost --no-capture` (compare vs Probe I {PROBE_I_RSS_GB} GB)" - ); - - // --- VERDICT against the ≤5 s warm-prove budget ------------------------ - // The budget-gating quantity is NOT the witness-gen floor (`transition_ms`) - // — it is the eventual STARK-*prove* of the link circuit, whose cost is the - // Probe-I recursion-layer-prove class (≈3.2 s), plus the inner carrier prove. - // So gate the verdict on `base_avg + PROBE_I_LAYER_MS`, and report the - // witness-gen floor only as a separate (much smaller) lower bound. - let prove_gated_ms = base_avg + PROBE_I_LAYER_MS; - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: witness-gen floor per-transition (inner prove + link witness-gen) = {transition_ms} ms (NOT the budget gate)" - ); - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: budget-gating estimate per-transition (inner prove {base_avg} ms + link STARK-prove ≈{PROBE_I_LAYER_MS} ms class) = {prove_gated_ms} ms" - ); - if prove_gated_ms <= WARM_BUDGET_MS { - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: VERDICT = WITHIN BUDGET — gating estimate {prove_gated_ms} ms <= {WARM_BUDGET_MS} ms warm budget (~{} ms headroom; re-measure vs the real Poseidon-heavy circuit in Phase 5)", - WARM_BUDGET_MS - prove_gated_ms - ); - } else { - eprintln!( - "probe_r_cost: VERDICT = !!! BLOWS BUDGET !!! — gating estimate {prove_gated_ms} ms > {WARM_BUDGET_MS} ms warm budget (over by {} ms / {:.2}x)", - prove_gated_ms - WARM_BUDGET_MS, - prove_gated_ms as f64 / WARM_BUDGET_MS as f64 - ); - } - - // The test PASSES on measurement regardless of the verdict — the budget call - // is a reported finding, not a hard assertion (the chain still proves sound). -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs deleted file mode 100644 index f75ffd5d..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_s_fair_bench.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,441 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe S — FAIR apples-to-apples Plonky3-vs-Plonky2 prover-speed benchmark. -//! -//! # Why this probe exists -//! -//! The earlier spike probes (I/R) measured a *recursion* overhead in -//! **Goldilocks** with **untuned FRI** (the default low-security -//! `new_testing` parameters). That was deliberate — those probes only needed -//! to demonstrate that the recursion machinery composes; they were never an -//! honest production-prover timing. As a result they CANNOT answer the -//! load-bearing question: -//! -//! > Is Plonky3 (BabyBear, production-tuned FRI, SIMD field packing) -//! > actually *faster* than the Plonky2 (Goldilocks) prover for a -//! > zkCoins-comparable workload? -//! -//! This probe answers it directly. It proves a **BabyBear Poseidon2 STARK** -//! with `p3_uni_stark::prove` / `verify`, under **production-tuned FRI** -//! (`FriParameters::new_benchmark*`: 100 queries, 16-bit PoW), with the same -//! field, hash family and packing a real BabyBear deployment would use, and -//! prints a direct comparison against the measured Plonky2 baseline. -//! -//! ## The Plonky2 baseline (measured, M5 Max) -//! -//! The real zkCoins state-transition circuit (Plonky2, Goldilocks) measures -//! **4.35 s p50 / 3.9 GB peak RSS** on an Apple M5 Max. Its profile (from -//! `MIGRATION_RESEARCH.md §7.17`): ~2^16 trace rows, ~50k gates, ~4500 -//! Poseidon hashes. -//! -//! ## Fair-comparison design -//! -//! * **Field.** BabyBear (31-bit) + degree-4 binomial extension — the -//! canonical small-field Plonky3 choice. Plonky2 uses Goldilocks (64-bit). -//! BabyBear is where Plonky3's SIMD packing (NEON on aarch64, 4 lanes) -//! pays off, so this *is* the apples-to-apples Plonky3 configuration — the -//! point of the migration is precisely to switch field+packing. -//! * **Hash / MMCS.** Poseidon2 Merkle tree (sponge over width-24, 2-to-1 -//! compression over width-16) — the direct analogue of Plonky2's Poseidon -//! Merkle caps. We do NOT use the Keccak MMCS for the headline (that would -//! be apples-to-oranges vs Plonky2's algebraic hash). -//! * **FRI.** Production-tuned `new_benchmark` (log_blowup=1, 100 queries, -//! 16-bit query PoW) and `new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup=2) — NOT the -//! low-security testing params the I/R probes used. -//! * **DFT.** `Radix2DitParallel` — the parallel production DFT. -//! -//! ## Sizing brackets (both reported, both caveated) -//! -//! The AIR is the **non-vectorized** `Poseidon2Air` (one permutation per -//! trace row), so `num_hashes` directly controls the row count. It uses the -//! degree-3 S-box (see the `SBOX_DEGREE` const comment below for why degree-7 -//! is unusable on this path at the pinned rev, and why this does not move the -//! prove-time headline materially). -//! -//! * **Upper bound (hash-saturated): `num_hashes = 1<<16`.** A 2^16-row trace -//! doing 65 536 Poseidon permutations — ~14× more hashing than the real -//! circuit's ~4500 hashes. If Plonky3 beats 4.35 s *here*, the thesis holds -//! with a large margin. This is a conservative upper bound on prove cost. -//! * **Lower bound (hash-matched): `num_hashes = 4500`.** Padded by -//! `generate_trace_rows` to 2^13 = 8192 rows. Matches the real hash count -//! but a smaller trace; the real circuit's extra non-hash gates would push -//! it up somewhat. This is the closer like-for-like point. -//! * **Middle: `num_hashes = 1<<15`** for an intermediate data point. -//! -//! ## ZK note -//! -//! zkCoins proofs are zero-knowledge. The `new_benchmark_zk` row (log_blowup -//! = 2) is the zk-apples-to-apples FRI point. For a *timing* proxy we run it -//! on the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` (the blowup-2 parameter alone drives the -//! dominant prove cost — the FRI/Merkle work grows with the blowup; the extra -//! random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term). -//! This is labelled "blowup=2 (zk proxy)" everywhere it appears. A full -//! `HidingFriPcs` measurement is a follow-up if the proxy lands close to the -//! budget. -//! -//! ## Verdict policy -//! -//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + proof verification regardless -//! of the speed outcome. The speed verdict is a **reported finding**, not a -//! hard assert — if Plonky3 is *not* faster at some point, that is a result -//! to investigate (see the printed report), not to hide. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - default_babybear_poseidon2_16, default_babybear_poseidon2_24, -}; -use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::Field; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{Poseidon2Air, RoundConstants}; -use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; -use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// --- Poseidon2 / BabyBear AIR shape ----------------------------------------- -// -// S-box parameters. We use the degree-3 S-box (`x^3`, SBOX_REGISTERS = 0), -// which is exactly what Plonky3's own non-vectorized BabyBear Poseidon2 -// end-to-end tests use (`examples/src/tests.rs`, with the comment: "The AIR -// uses KoalaBear's S-box degree (3) ... This is intentional: the AIR test -// validates the proof system, not the hash function's security parameters"). -// -// Why not the cryptographic degree-7 (`x^7`) S-box? At this pinned Plonky3 rev -// the non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air` with SBOX_DEGREE = 7 (either -// SBOX_REGISTERS = 0 or 1) fails verification with `OodEvaluationMismatch` -// under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + `DuplexChallenger` path -// (the working upstream degree-7 example uses the *vectorized* AIR + Keccak -// MMCS + `HidingFriPcs`). Verified by bisection: degree-3 verifies on both FRI -// configs; degree-7 does not. This is a benchmark of *prover speed*. Honest -// magnitude: the S-box degree sets the constraint (hence quotient) degree — -// degree-3 uses 2 quotient chunks (quotient domain 2N), degree-7 would use 8 -// (8N), inflating ONLY the quotient stage ~4x while leaving trace commit + FRI -// untouched, i.e. a worst-case total prove inflation of ~1.5-2.5x (up to ~3x). -// That is NOT negligible, but it does not threaten the verdict: a full 3x on the -// weakest (4.2x) point still leaves Plonky3 ~1.4x ahead, and the fair -// hash-matched point degrades only from 61x/34x to ~20x/~11x. Plonky2's own -// baseline uses Goldilocks-Poseidon's degree-7 S-box, so this gap flatters -// Plonky3 in one bounded direction. degree-3 is a prover-speed proxy whose -// speedup is an over-estimate by at most ~3x, verdict robust across that range. -// The matching round count for the degree-3 width-16 BabyBear AIR is 20 -// partial rounds (KoalaBear's, as in the upstream test). -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = 3; -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 0; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = 20; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -// Width-16 / width-24 BabyBear Poseidon2 permutations (NEON-packed on aarch64). -type Perm16 = p3_baby_bear::Poseidon2BabyBear<16>; -type Perm24 = p3_baby_bear::Poseidon2BabyBear<24>; - -// Poseidon2 Merkle MMCS, mirroring `examples/src/types.rs::Poseidon2MerkleMmcs`: -// sponge over width-24 for hashing, 2-to-1 truncated permutation over width-16 -// for compression. Operates over the *packed* field for SIMD throughput. -type Poseidon2Sponge = PaddingFreeSponge; -type Poseidon2Compression = TruncatedPermutation; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - Poseidon2Sponge, - Poseidon2Compression, - 2, - 8, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; -type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type ProbeAir = Poseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, ->; - -/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. -const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; - -/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for a run. -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -enum FriChoice { - /// `new_benchmark`: log_blowup=1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW. Fastest - /// production / non-zk headline. - BenchBlowup1, - /// `new_benchmark_zk`: log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW, on the plain - /// `TwoAdicFriPcs`. The zk-apples-to-apples timing proxy. - BenchZkBlowup2, -} - -impl FriChoice { - fn label(self) -> &'static str { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk proxy)", - } - } - - fn params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), - } - } -} - -/// Build a fresh `(config, air, log_blowup)` bundle. Round-constant / perm / -/// PCS construction is *setup* — excluded from the timed region. -fn build(fri: FriChoice) -> (MyConfig, ProbeAir, usize) { - let perm16 = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let perm24 = default_babybear_poseidon2_24(); - - let hash = Poseidon2Sponge::new(perm24.clone()); - let compress = Poseidon2Compression::new(perm16); - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(hash, compress, 3); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = fri.params(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); - let challenger = Challenger::new(perm24); - let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); - - // Round constants for the AIR (deterministic seed for reproducibility). - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - let constants = - RoundConstants::::from_rng(&mut rng); - let air = ProbeAir::new(constants); - - (config, air, log_blowup) -} - -/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. -/// -/// `getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss` is **bytes** on macOS/darwin (it is KB -/// on Linux). This probe runs on macOS, so we divide by 1<<20. The value is a -/// high-water mark over the whole process lifetime, so it reflects the -/// largest prove run executed so far. -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - // Linux: ru_maxrss is in KB. - (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -struct RunResult { - num_hashes: usize, - rows: usize, - fri: FriChoice, - trace_gen_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - min_ms: f64, - max_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -/// Time `prove()` for one `(FRI config, num_hashes)` point. -/// -/// Protocol: 1 untimed warmup prove, then 5 timed proves; report p50/min/max. -/// `prove()` alone is timed (the part comparable to Plonky2's prove time); -/// trace generation is measured separately and reported. The proof is verified -/// once as a correctness gate. -fn run_point(fri: FriChoice, num_hashes: usize) -> RunResult { - const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; - - let (config, air, log_blowup) = build(fri); - - // The non-vectorized `Poseidon2Air::generate_trace_rows` requires the hash - // count to already be a power of two (one permutation == one trace row), so - // we pad up to the next power of two ourselves. 4500 -> 8192 = 2^13, which - // is exactly the documented padded row target for the hash-matched point. - let padded_hashes = num_hashes.next_power_of_two(); - - // Trace generation (separate measurement; the row count is what `prove` - // actually consumes). `log_blowup` appends extra-capacity bits used by the - // PCS quotient/LDE. - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let trace: RowMajorMatrix = air.generate_trace_rows(padded_hashes, log_blowup); - let trace_gen_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let rows = trace.height(); - - // Warmup (untimed): primes caches / allocator / any one-time init. - { - let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace.clone(), &[]); - verify(&config, &air, &proof, &[]).expect("warmup proof must verify"); - } - - let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); - let mut last_proof = None; - for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { - let trace_run = trace.clone(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(&config, &air, trace_run, &[]); - times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_proof = Some(proof); - } - - // Correctness gate. - let proof = last_proof.expect("at least one timed run"); - verify(&config, &air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe S proof must verify"); - - times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let p50_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() / 2]; - let min_ms = times_ms[0]; - let max_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1]; - - RunResult { - num_hashes, - rows, - fri, - trace_gen_ms, - p50_ms, - min_ms, - max_ms, - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -#[test] -fn probe_s_fair_bench() { - // --- Environment confirmation: packing + threads + DFT ------------------ - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() - .map(|n| n.get()) - .unwrap_or(0); - - println!("\n===================== Probe S: fair BabyBear prover bench ====================="); - println!("field : BabyBear + BinomialExtensionField<_, 4>"); - println!("hash / MMCS : Poseidon2 Merkle (sponge w24 / compress w16)"); - println!("DFT : Radix2DitParallel"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); - println!( - " -> SIMD packing active: {} ({} lanes vs scalar {})", - packing_active, packing_type, scalar_type - ); - println!("threads (avail) : {threads}"); - println!( - "Plonky2 baseline : {:.0} ms p50 / {:.0} MB RSS (real zkCoins state-transition, M5 Max)", - PLONKY2_P50_MS, PLONKY2_RSS_MB - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // Sizes: hash-matched lower bound, middle, hash-saturated upper bound. - let sizes: [(usize, &str); 3] = [ - ( - 4500, - "hash-matched lower bound (~real 4500 hashes -> 2^13 rows)", - ), - (1 << 15, "middle"), - (1 << 16, "hash-saturated upper bound (~14x real hash work)"), - ]; - let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; - - let mut results = Vec::new(); - for &(num_hashes, size_note) in &sizes { - for &fri in &fris { - println!( - "running: num_hashes={num_hashes} [{size_note}] | FRI={}", - fri.label() - ); - let r = run_point(fri, num_hashes); - println!( - " rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms prove p50={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1} / max {:>8.1}) peak_rss={:>7.1}MB", - r.rows, r.trace_gen_ms, r.p50_ms, r.min_ms, r.max_ms, r.rss_mb - ); - results.push(r); - } - } - - // --- Report table ------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n======================= Probe S results (warm, p50) =========================="); - println!( - "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10} {:>10} {:>10} {:>10} {:>9}", - "n_hashes", "rows", "FRI", "tracegen", "p50_ms", "min_ms", "max_ms", "rss_MB" - ); - for r in &results { - println!( - "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>10.1} {:>9.1}", - r.num_hashes, - r.rows, - r.fri.label(), - r.trace_gen_ms, - r.p50_ms, - r.min_ms, - r.max_ms, - r.rss_mb - ); - } - println!( - "{:<10} {:<8} {:<38} {:>10} {:>10.1} {:>10} {:>10} {:>9.1}", - "PLONKY2", - "~65536", - "baseline (Goldilocks, real circuit)", - "-", - PLONKY2_P50_MS, - "-", - "-", - PLONKY2_RSS_MB - ); - - // --- Speedup verdict ---------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= Speedup vs Plonky2 (4.35 s) ========================"); - for r in &results { - let speedup = PLONKY2_P50_MS / r.p50_ms; - let rss_ratio = PLONKY2_RSS_MB / r.rss_mb; - let verdict = if r.p50_ms < PLONKY2_P50_MS { - "FASTER" - } else { - "NOT FASTER" - }; - println!( - "n_hashes={:<6} {:<38} p50={:>8.1}ms {:>10} ({:.2}x speed, {:.2}x less RSS)", - r.num_hashes, - r.fri.label(), - r.p50_ms, - verdict, - speedup, - rss_ratio - ); - } - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Hard correctness asserts (already enforced inside run_point via verify()): - // every proof verified. The speed verdict above is a reported finding, not - // a gate — the test passes on successful measurement + verification. - assert!(!results.is_empty(), "must have measured at least one point"); - // Sanity: packing must be the NEON-packed type on aarch64, else the - // comparison is unfair (scalar BabyBear). Surfaced loudly above; assert it - // so a regression to the trivial [BabyBear;1] packing fails the probe. - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type} — \ - benchmark would be unfairly slow" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 371f8373..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,688 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe T — the **central** Plonky3-migration cost estimate for zkCoins. -//! -//! # What this probe answers -//! -//! "If we port the real zkCoins state-transition circuit to Plonky3 + BabyBear -//! under TRUE production cryptography, how long does proving take, and is it -//! faster or slower than the current Plonky2 baseline (4.35 s warm p50 on an -//! Apple M5 Max)?" That single number decides the migration. -//! -//! # The honesty boundary — READ THIS, it is not blurred anywhere below -//! -//! The real circuit is ~7800 LOC of Plonky2 (`program-plonky2/src/circuit/`: -//! `main.rs` 3882, `smt.rs`, `sparse_merkle_tree.rs`, `source_aggregator.rs`, -//! `merkle/`). A literal semantic port = migration Phases 1-8 = weeks of work. -//! **Probe T does NOT port the business logic.** It builds a *cost-faithful -//! representative workload* that reproduces the real circuit's prove-cost -//! DRIVERS, not its meaning: -//! -//! * Poseidon2 permutation count (~4500 hashes), -//! * non-hash constraint-gate count (~50k gates: SMT/MMR path checks, range -//! checks, field arithmetic), -//! * committed trace AREA (width x height per table), -//! * constraint DEGREE (degree-7 cryptographic S-box), -//! * the ZK commitment scheme (Keccak-hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs). -//! -//! Prove cost in a FRI-STARK is governed by exactly those quantities: trace -//! dimensions x constraint degree x commitment scheme. Business-logic -//! constraints (balance conservation, nullifier uniqueness, SMT membership -//! semantics) add gates *within* these tables — they change WHICH field -//! elements are constrained, not the trace area or the degree class. So this -//! workload is a faithful proxy for prove COST, and an explicit NON-proxy for -//! correctness/soundness of the real statement. Every artifact labels it so. -//! -//! # The table model -//! -//! The real circuit is a multi-table computation: a hash-dense part plus a -//! non-hash arithmetic-dense part. Probe T models it with two AIR tables: -//! -//! 1. **Hash table** — the Probe V degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` sized to -//! ~4500 permutations. Production params (`MAX_IN/OUT_COINS = 8`, -//! `INNER_PAD_BITS = 15`) put the real circuit at ~4500 Poseidon2 hashes. -//! The vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` perms/row, so 4500 perms -> -//! ceil(4500/8) = 563 rows, rounded up to the next power of two = 2^10 = 1024 -//! rows (= 8192 perms of capacity; the real count sits just under this). -//! -//! 2. **Non-hash arithmetic table** — a generic AIR with several -//! multiplicative + linear constraints per row, modelling the ~50k non-hash -//! gates. Because the real port's exact table layout is unknown, the -//! non-hash table HEIGHT is swept over {2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16}. This -//! BRACKETS the real circuit: the true layout's committed area sits inside -//! this range. Each row carries `ARITH_WIDTH` columns and -//! `CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW` degree-bounded constraints, so the constraint count -//! at height H is `H * CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW`; at 2^13 that already exceeds -//! 50k, so the sweep's LOW end is the realistic-gate anchor and the high end -//! is a deliberate over-estimate ceiling. -//! -//! # How the two tables are combined (approaches a / b / c) -//! -//! The brief offers three ways to combine; establishing which actually -//! verifies under degree-7 + HidingFriPcs is itself a finding. -//! -//! * **(a) real multi-table `prove_batch`** (p3-batch-stark): ONE batched FRI -//! proof over both tables. This is the faithful production shape (the real -//! migration would batch all tables into one proof). Probe T runs this as -//! the headline number. Establishing that `prove_batch` accepts the degree-7 -//! `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` + a custom arithmetic AIR under a `HidingFriPcs` -//! config is the key empirical result — see the module doc verdict. -//! -//! * **(b) separate proofs, summed** = prove the hash table and the arithmetic -//! table as two INDEPENDENT uni-stark proofs and SUM their warm times. Two -//! separate proofs cost strictly MORE than one batched proof (duplicated FRI -//! commit/query/PoW overhead), so this sum is a conservative UPPER BOUND on -//! the real (batched) circuit. Probe T runs this too, as a cross-check and a -//! guaranteed-working fallback, and labels it an upper bound. -//! -//! Probe T reports BOTH (a) and (b) per sweep size. The verdict uses (a) (the -//! faithful batched cost) as the primary estimate and (b) as the upper-bound -//! sanity rail. -//! -//! # Production-crypto config (reused verbatim from Probe V — confirmed to -//! verify at degree-7) -//! -//! * AIR: `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, -//! VECTOR_LEN=8>` (cryptographic BabyBear round counts: 4 half-full, 13 -//! partial). -//! * MMCS: `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` over the Keccak sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge< -//! KeccakF,25,17,4>` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), `SmallRng` masking. -//! * PCS: `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>`, `num_random_codewords = 4` (TRUE ZK). -//! * Challenger: `SerializingChallenger32>`. -//! * FRI: `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup 2, 100 queries, 16-bit -//! PoW). Field BabyBear, challenge `BinomialExtensionField`. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification of every proof. The -//! faster/slower verdict vs Plonky2 (4.35 s) is a REPORTED finding, not an -//! assert — a slower result is a datum to surface honestly, never to hide or -//! spin. The hard asserts are: every proof verifies, and `prove_batch` (a) -//! works under degree-7 + hiding (or, if it does not, the test fails with the -//! precise blocker so the orchestrator records it). - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Crypto config (Probe V recipe — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// The degree-7 cryptographic Poseidon2 hash AIR (Probe V's `Air7`). -type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Real-circuit cost anchors. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Real circuit's approximate Poseidon2 permutation count. -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -/// Real circuit's approximate non-hash gate (constraint) count. -const REAL_NONHASH_GATES: usize = 50_000; -/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. -const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Non-hash arithmetic AIR — a cost model for the ~50k non-hash gates. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// -// A generic table with `ARITH_WIDTH` columns. Per row it enforces -// `CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW` constraints. -// -// **Degree choice — degree 3, deliberately and faithfully.** The hash table's -// degree-7 S-box is committable only because the vectorized Poseidon2 AIR adds -// a witness column per S-box (`SBOX_REGISTERS = 1`) that *decomposes* each -// `x^7` into chained low-degree steps, so its true per-constraint degree stays -// bounded — a raw `x^7` identity in a plain AIR is NOT committable under this -// FRI config (blowup 2 caps the constraint degree; an unregistered degree-7 -// constraint fails the OOD check with `OodEvaluationMismatch`). More to the -// point, the real circuit's ~50k NON-hash gates are dominated by LOW-degree -// work: range checks, boolean checks, Merkle/SMT path equalities and field -// add/mul — almost all degree 2-3. The degree-7 cost lives in the Poseidon2 -// hash table, which Probe T models with the real degree-7 AIR. So degree-3 -// constraints here are the cost-faithful choice; forcing degree-7 would -// OVERSTATE the non-hash cost and misrepresent the real layout. -// -// Each constraint references real adjacent trace cells (`next[i] = local[i+1]^3` -// plus linear coupling), so it is genuine committed work the prover cannot fold -// away. The witness is generated to satisfy every constraint exactly. -const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; -/// Degree-bounded constraints enforced per row. With `ARITH_WIDTH = 16` we pair -/// columns (i, i+1) for i in 0..8 (degree-3 each) and add 4 linear-coupling -/// constraints => 12 constraints/row. At height 2^13 that is 12 * 8192 ~= 98k -/// constraints (>50k); the sweep's LOW end already over-covers the real gate -/// count, the high end is a ceiling. -const CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW: usize = 12; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - - // 8 degree-3 transition constraints: next[i] == local[i+1]^3. - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; // x^3 - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - // 4 linear-coupling constraints: next[8+j] == local[j] + local[8+j]. - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -/// Generate a witness trace of `height` rows that EXACTLY satisfies `ArithAir`. -/// Row r+1 is computed from row r so all transition constraints hold; the last -/// row is unconstrained (no `next`). Deterministic from a seed. -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; - // Seed row 0 with small non-zero, distinct values. - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; // x^3 - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - // Columns 12..16 are free; fill deterministically so the table is dense. - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Multi-table enum AIR for approach (a) — real `prove_batch`. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// -// batch-stark requires ONE `A: Air + Clone` type for all instances. The -// degree-7 `VectorizedPoseidon2Air` is not `Clone` (holds non-Clone round -// constants), so it is wrapped in `Arc` and dispatched through an enum that is -// generic over the builder. `Arc` makes the enum cheaply `Clone` -// while `eval`/`width` deref straight through to the underlying AIR — zero -// semantic change to either table. -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -// `HashAir`'s `BaseAir`/`Air` are implemented only for the concrete BabyBear -// `Val` (its linear layers are `GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear`), so the -// enum wrapper is also `Val`-concrete. batch-stark only instantiates these -// builders with `AB::F = Val`, so `AB::F = Val` is the right (and only) bound. -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - HashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Config + RSS helpers (Probe V recipe). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Build the degree-7 hash AIR (deterministic constants). -fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -/// Round `n` up to the next power of two (>= 2 for FRI). -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Timing helpers. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - -struct Timing { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -/// (a) Real batched proof over BOTH tables. Times the WHOLE batch -/// (build = ProverData/keygen; cold = first prove; warm = p50/p90 over -/// `WARM_RUNS`). Verifies the proof. -fn run_batch( - config: &MyConfig, - hash_air: Arc, - hash_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, - arith_trace: &RowMajorMatrix, -) -> Timing { - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let build_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let common = &prover_data.common; - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [hash_trace, arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); - - // Cold prove (first, untimed-warmup-free). - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe T batch proof must verify"); - - // Warmup (untimed), then WARM_RUNS timed. - let _ = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last = Some(proof); - } - let proof = last.unwrap(); - verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common) - .expect("Probe T batch warm proof must verify"); - - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - Timing { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -/// (b) A single uni-stark proof over one AIR+trace (used to time hash and -/// arith tables independently; their warm sum is the conservative upper bound). -fn run_single(config: &MyConfig, air: &A, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> Timing -where - A: for<'a> Air> - + for<'a> Air> - + Air> - + for<'a> Air>, -{ - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); - let cold_ms = t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe T single proof must verify"); - - let _ = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); // warmup - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - let mut last = None; - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last = Some(proof); - } - verify(config, air, &last.unwrap(), &[]).expect("Probe T single warm proof must verify"); - - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - Timing { - build_ms: 0.0, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -#[test] -fn probe_t_real_circuit_bench() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n============== Probe T: real-circuit Plonky3 prove-cost estimate =============="); - println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: cost-faithful workload (hash count + gate count + area + degree +"); - println!("ZK commitment). NOT a semantic port — no balance/nullifier/SMT-membership logic."); - println!("config (Probe V, verified at degree-7): VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7,"); - println!(" SBOX_REGISTERS=1, VECTOR_LEN=8> | MerkleTreeHidingMmcs(Keccak) | HidingFriPcs"); - println!( - " num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2,100q,16-bit PoW)" - ); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_P50_MS:.0} ms warm p50 / {PLONKY2_RSS_MB:.0} MB (real circuit, M5 Max)" - ); - - // One-time config + AIR build — the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's cold - // circuit-build (8.2 s on M5 Max). Plonky3 has no circuit-compilation step: - // the config is a handful of hasher/PCS constructions and the AIR is a few - // round constants, so this should be milliseconds — itself a finding. - let t_setup = Instant::now(); - let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - let config_build_ms = t_setup.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - println!( - "config+AIR build : {config_build_ms:.2} ms (Plonky3 analog of Plonky2 cold circuit-build 8200 ms)" - ); - - // --- Hash table: ~4500 perms -> power-of-two row count ----------------- - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); - let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "hash table : ~{REAL_HASH_PERMS} real perms -> {hash_perms_capacity} perms capacity = {hash_rows} rows (degree-7)" - ); - - // Hash table standalone timing (shared across all sweep points: the hash - // table size is fixed; only the arith table is swept). - let hash_single = run_single(&config, hash_air.as_ref(), &hash_trace); - println!( - " hash standalone: cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - hash_single.cold_ms, hash_single.p50_ms, hash_single.p90_ms, hash_single.rss_mb - ); - - // --- Sweep the non-hash arithmetic table height ----------------------- - let sweep: [usize; 4] = [1 << 13, 1 << 14, 1 << 15, 1 << 16]; - println!( - "arith table : {ARITH_WIDTH} cols x {CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW} degree-3 constraints/row; sweep heights {sweep:?}" - ); - println!( - " (real ~{REAL_NONHASH_GATES} non-hash gates; constraints at height H = H*{CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW})" - ); - println!("=============================================================================="); - - struct Row { - height: usize, - constraints: usize, - arith: Timing, - batch: Timing, - sum_p50: f64, - sum_p90: f64, - } - let mut rows = Vec::new(); - - for &h in &sweep { - let arith_trace = arith_trace(h); - let constraints = h * CONSTRAINTS_PER_ROW; - println!( - "\n--- arith height 2^{} = {} rows ({} constraints) ---", - log2(h), - h, - constraints - ); - - // (b) arith table standalone. - let arith = run_single(&config, &ArithAir, &arith_trace); - println!( - " (b) arith standalone : cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - arith.cold_ms, arith.p50_ms, arith.p90_ms, arith.rss_mb - ); - let sum_p50 = hash_single.p50_ms + arith.p50_ms; - let sum_p90 = hash_single.p90_ms + arith.p90_ms; - println!( - " (b) UPPER BOUND sum : warm_p50={sum_p50:.1}ms p90={sum_p90:.1}ms (hash {:.1} + arith {:.1})", - hash_single.p50_ms, arith.p50_ms - ); - - // (a) real batched proof over both tables. - let batch = run_batch(&config, hash_air.clone(), &hash_trace, &arith_trace); - println!( - " (a) BATCHED prove : build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - batch.build_ms, batch.cold_ms, batch.p50_ms, batch.p90_ms, batch.rss_mb - ); - - rows.push(Row { - height: h, - constraints, - arith, - batch, - sum_p50, - sum_p90, - }); - } - - // --- Result table ------------------------------------------------------ - println!("\n========================= Probe T results table =============================="); - println!( - "{:<10} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", - "arith_h", - "constr", - "(a)build", - "(a)cold", - "(a)p50", - "(a)p90", - "(a)rss", - "arithRss", - "(b)sum50", - "(b)sum90" - ); - for r in &rows { - println!( - "2^{:<8} {:>9} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.0} {:>9.0} {:>9.1} {:>9.1}", - log2(r.height), - r.constraints, - r.batch.build_ms, - r.batch.cold_ms, - r.batch.p50_ms, - r.batch.p90_ms, - r.batch.rss_mb, - r.arith.rss_mb, - r.sum_p50, - r.sum_p90, - ); - } - - // --- Verdict per sweep size ------------------------------------------- - println!("\n=============== net real-circuit estimate vs Plonky2 (4.35 s warm) ==========="); - println!("Primary estimate = (a) batched warm p50; (b) summed = conservative upper bound."); - for r in &rows { - let a = r.batch.p50_ms; - let (verdict, factor) = if a < PLONKY2_P50_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_P50_MS / a) - } else { - ("SLOWER", a / PLONKY2_P50_MS) - }; - println!( - "arith 2^{:<2}: (a) p50={:>8.1}ms -> {} than Plonky2 by {:.2}x | (b) upper bound p50={:>8.1}ms", - log2(r.height), - a, - verdict, - factor, - r.sum_p50, - ); - } - - // --- Honest bottom line ----------------------------------------------- - // Most-likely real layout: the arithmetic constraint count at the LOW sweep - // end (2^13 => ~98k constraints) already exceeds the real ~50k non-hash - // gate count, so the real circuit's non-hash committed area sits between - // 2^13 and 2^14. We take 2^13 as the realistic anchor and 2^14 as a safe - // upper estimate; 2^15/2^16 are deliberate ceilings. - let realistic = &rows[0]; // 2^13 - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE ==================================="); - println!( - "Most-likely real layout: arith ~2^13-2^14 (real ~{REAL_NONHASH_GATES} gates < {} constraints", - realistic.constraints - ); - println!("at 2^13). Anchor = 2^13 batched (a)."); - { - let a = realistic.batch.p50_ms; - if a < PLONKY2_P50_MS { - println!( - "VERDICT: Plonky3+BabyBear (TRUE production crypto) is FASTER than Plonky2 by {:.2}x", - PLONKY2_P50_MS / a - ); - println!(" ({a:.0} ms vs 4350 ms) at the realistic layout."); - } else { - println!( - "VERDICT: Plonky3+BabyBear (TRUE production crypto) is SLOWER than Plonky2 by {:.2}x", - a / PLONKY2_P50_MS - ); - println!(" ({a:.0} ms vs 4350 ms) at the realistic layout. NOT spun as a win."); - println!( - " Recovery levers (circuit-side only, NOT hardware): fewer Poseidon2 hashes;" - ); - println!( - " smaller MAX_IN_COINS; circuit-level constraint optimization; KoalaBear field;" - ); - println!(" dropping in-coin recursion."); - } - } - println!("(a) real multi-table prove_batch WORKS with HidingFriPcs + degree-7: confirmed by"); - println!(" successful verify_batch above. This is the faithful production proof shape."); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - assert_eq!(rows.len(), 4, "must have 4 sweep points"); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 8733c98a..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_v_degree7_bench.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,493 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe V — explicit **cryptographic degree-7** BabyBear Poseidon2 bench. -//! -//! # Why this probe exists -//! -//! Probe S (`probe_s_fair_bench.rs`) benchmarked BabyBear Poseidon2 prover -//! speed with the **degree-3** S-box (`x^3`) — the same low-degree S-box -//! Plonky3's own non-vectorized AIR end-to-end tests use. It did so because at -//! the pinned Plonky3 rev the *non-vectorized* `Poseidon2Air` with the -//! cryptographic degree-7 S-box (`x^7`) fails verification with -//! `OodEvaluationMismatch` under the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` + Poseidon2-MMCS + -//! `DuplexChallenger` path. Probe S's review then *estimated* — from quotient -//! arithmetic alone — that degree-7 would inflate total prove time by roughly -//! **1.5–2.5× (up to ~3×)** over degree-3, but never measured it. -//! -//! This probe measures the real number. It runs the **WORKING upstream -//! degree-7 recipe** — the one in -//! `poseidon2-air/examples/prove_poseidon2_baby_bear_keccak_zk.rs`, which DOES -//! verify at degree-7 — and reports degree-7 p50/p90/RSS at the same trace -//! heights Probe S used, plus the real degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. -//! -//! ## The working degree-7 config (exact recipe — Probe T reuses this) -//! -//! The non-vectorized + plain-`TwoAdicFriPcs` path does NOT verify at -//! degree-7 (confirmed by Probe S's bisection). The path that DOES: -//! -//! * **AIR.** `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE = 7, SBOX_REGISTERS = 1, -//! .., VECTOR_LEN = 8>` — the *vectorized* AIR (one trace row encodes -//! `VECTOR_LEN` permutations). `SBOX_REGISTERS = 1` adds one witness column -//! per S-box so the per-constraint degree stays bounded even at `x^7`; this -//! is what makes the OOD check pass where the non-vectorized degree-7 AIR -//! fails. Round counts are the *cryptographic* BabyBear constants -//! (`BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16` = 13, not the test AIR's 20). -//! * **MMCS.** `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs<[Val; KECCAK_VECTOR_LEN], [u64; …], …>` -//! over the **Keccak** byte-hash sponge (`PaddingFreeSponge` + `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), with a `SmallRng` masking source -//! — i.e. the leaves are *hidden* by random rows. (`MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` is -//! the hiding analogue of the plain `MerkleTreeMmcs`.) -//! * **PCS.** `HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng>` with `num_random_codewords = 4` — -//! the **true zero-knowledge** FRI PCS (random masking codewords appended -//! to the committed polynomials). This is real ZK, not the blowup-2 proxy. -//! * **Challenger.** `SerializingChallenger32>` — the byte-oriented challenger that pairs with the -//! Keccak MMCS (NOT the `DuplexChallenger` Probe S used). -//! * **FRI.** `FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk` (log_blowup = 2, 100 queries, -//! 16-bit PoW) — the production zk FRI preset. -//! -//! Because this config is *itself* the upstream hiding/ZK example, Probe V's -//! degree-7 numbers are also a degree-7 **HidingFriPcs** point — the real ZK -//! cost. Probe W (`probe_w_hiding_fri.rs`) isolates the hiding-vs-proxy delta. -//! -//! ## Comparability to Probe S -//! -//! Probe S's headline rows used a **different** MMCS/PCS (Poseidon2 Merkle -//! MMCS, plain `TwoAdicFriPcs`) than this probe's Keccak/Hiding path, so a -//! naive degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio would conflate two independent variables -//! (S-box degree AND hash family AND hiding). To compare like-for-like, this -//! probe ALSO runs a **degree-3** point on the *identical* Keccak + -//! `HidingFriPcs` + `new_benchmark_zk` config (same AIR type, same MMCS, same -//! PCS, same FRI — only `SBOX_DEGREE` differs). That degree-3-on-this-path -//! number is the honest denominator for the degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. We -//! also print Probe S's degree-3 `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup-2 proxy) p50 for -//! context, clearly labelled as a *different-MMCS* reference, not the ratio -//! denominator. -//! -//! ## Sizing -//! -//! The vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` permutations per trace row, so -//! `generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup)` yields a trace of -//! height `num_perms / VECTOR_LEN`. To match Probe S's trace heights we size -//! `num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN`: -//! -//! * height 2^13 (Probe S hash-matched lower bound) -> num_perms = 2^16 -//! * height 2^15 (Probe S middle) -> num_perms = 2^18 -//! * height 2^16 (Probe S hash-saturated upper) -> num_perms = 2^19 -//! -//! Both `num_perms` and the realized trace height are reported. -//! -//! ## Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on successful measurement + proof verification (every degree-7 and -//! degree-3 proof must verify). The speed ratio and the Plonky2 (4.35 s) -//! comparison are **reported findings**, not asserts — a slow result is a -//! datum to investigate, not to hide. The one hard assert beyond verification -//! is that the degree-7 config actually verifies: if it did not, that would be -//! a precise blocker for Probe T and the test would fail loudly. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::Field; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// --- Shared AIR / round-count shape (degree-independent) -------------------- -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 (cryptographic) -/// Permutations packed into one trace row by the vectorized AIR. -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 - -// S-box (DEGREE, REGISTERS) pairs. The upstream `generate_sbox` only accepts -// the *optimal* register count for each degree: degree-7 needs one extra -// witness column (`SBOX_REGISTERS = 7,1`), degree-3 needs none (`3,0`). Using -// each degree's optimal register count is the honest like-for-like comparison -// (both AIRs are built the canonical way for their degree); forcing `(3,1)` -// panics with "Unexpected (DEGREE, REGISTERS)". -/// Cryptographic S-box degree for BabyBear Poseidon2 (= 7), optimal regs = 1. -const SBOX_DEGREE_CRYPTO: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; -const SBOX_REGISTERS_CRYPTO: usize = 1; -/// Low-degree S-box for the like-for-like denominator (same path, degree 3, -/// optimal regs = 0). -const SBOX_DEGREE_TEST: u64 = 3; -const SBOX_REGISTERS_TEST: usize = 0; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -// Keccak byte-hash MMCS, exactly as the upstream zk example. The MMCS packing -// width is `p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN`, which is arch-gated (2 under NEON with -// `-Ctarget-cpu=native`, 1 on the scalar fallback) — using the constant keeps -// this correct on every target. -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -/// Vectorized degree-7 (cryptographic) AIR. -type Air7 = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE_CRYPTO, - SBOX_REGISTERS_CRYPTO, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; -/// Vectorized degree-3 AIR on the IDENTICAL Keccak + Hiding + FRI path — the -/// honest like-for-like denominator for the degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio. -type Air3 = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE_TEST, - SBOX_REGISTERS_TEST, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -/// Plonky2 measured baseline (M5 Max) for the real zkCoins state-transition. -const PLONKY2_P50_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -const PLONKY2_RSS_MB: f64 = 3900.0; - -/// Probe S degree-3 reference p50s (ms, M5 Max), Poseidon2-MMCS plain-PCS -/// path — a *different-MMCS* reference, printed for context only, NOT the -/// ratio denominator (the in-probe degree-3 Keccak/Hiding point is). -/// Indexed by trace height: 2^13, 2^15, 2^16, all `new_benchmark_zk` (zk -/// proxy, blowup=2). Set to `None` until Probe S's zk-proxy numbers are wired -/// by the orchestrator; the report degrades gracefully when absent. -const PROBE_S_DEG3_ZK_PROXY_MS: [Option; 3] = [None, None, None]; - -/// Build the shared Keccak/Hiding/FRI config (setup — excluded from timing). -/// Returns `(config, log_blowup)`. The AIR is built separately per degree. -fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - - // Distinct deterministic seeds for the masking RNGs (MMCS / PCS) so the - // hiding rows are reproducible. WARNING mirrors upstream: SmallRng is for - // benchmarking only, never production hiding. - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - let config = MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger); - (config, log_blowup) -} - -/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. `ru_maxrss` is **bytes** on -/// macOS (KB on Linux); this probe runs on macOS. High-water mark over the -/// whole process lifetime. -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -struct RunResult { - degree: u64, - num_perms: usize, - rows: usize, - trace_gen_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - min_ms: f64, - max_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -/// p-quantile (nearest-rank) of an already-sorted slice. -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - let idx = rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1); - sorted[idx] -} - -/// Time `prove()` for one degree at one size. Protocol mirrors Probe S: -/// 1 untimed warmup prove (+verify), then 5 timed proves; report p50/p90. -/// Trace generation is timed separately. The last proof is verified as a hard -/// correctness gate — a degree-7 verification failure aborts the test. -fn run_point( - config: &MyConfig, - air: &Air, - degree: u64, - num_perms: usize, - log_blowup: usize, -) -> RunResult -where - Air: p3_air::Air> - + for<'a> p3_air::Air> - + for<'a> p3_air::Air> - // In debug builds `prove` additionally requires the - // `DebugConstraintBuilder` bound (it runs an in-prover constraint - // sanity check); release builds drop it. `cargo clippy` compiles in - // debug, so the bound must be present. Listing it unconditionally is - // harmless in release — these AIRs always implement it. - + for<'a> p3_air::Air>, - Air: VectorizedTrace, -{ - const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; - - let t0 = Instant::now(); - let trace = air.gen_vectorized(num_perms, log_blowup); - let trace_gen_ms = t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let rows = trace.height(); - - // Warmup (untimed). - { - let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); - verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("degree-7/3 warmup proof must verify"); - } - - let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); - let mut last_proof = None; - for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { - let trace_run = trace.clone(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); - times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_proof = Some(proof); - } - - let proof = last_proof.expect("at least one timed run"); - verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("Probe V proof must verify"); - - times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let p50_ms = quantile(×_ms, 0.50); - let p90_ms = quantile(×_ms, 0.90); - let min_ms = times_ms[0]; - let max_ms = times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1]; - - RunResult { - degree, - num_perms, - rows, - trace_gen_ms, - p50_ms, - p90_ms, - min_ms, - max_ms, - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -/// Tiny adapter so `run_point` can call `generate_vectorized_trace_rows` over -/// either degree's concrete AIR type without a generic-method bound salad. -trait VectorizedTrace { - fn gen_vectorized( - &self, - num_perms: usize, - log_blowup: usize, - ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -} -impl VectorizedTrace for Air7 { - fn gen_vectorized( - &self, - num_perms: usize, - log_blowup: usize, - ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix { - self.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup) - } -} -impl VectorizedTrace for Air3 { - fn gen_vectorized( - &self, - num_perms: usize, - log_blowup: usize, - ) -> p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix { - self.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, log_blowup) - } -} - -#[test] -fn probe_v_degree7_bench() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() - .map(|n| n.get()) - .unwrap_or(0); - - println!("\n================= Probe V: degree-7 BabyBear Poseidon2 bench =================="); - println!("config recipe (Probe T reuses verbatim):"); - println!(" AIR : VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE=7, SBOX_REGISTERS=1, VECTOR_LEN=8>"); - println!(" MMCS : MerkleTreeHidingMmcs<[Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], …> (Keccak sponge)"); - println!(" PCS : HidingFriPcs<.., SmallRng> num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE zero-knowledge)"); - println!(" CHAL : SerializingChallenger32>"); - println!(" FRI : FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk (log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW)"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!( - "p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN (MMCS pack): {}", - p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN - ); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Plonky2 baseline : {PLONKY2_P50_MS:.0} ms p50 / {PLONKY2_RSS_MB:.0} MB RSS (real circuit, M5 Max)" - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // (trace_height, num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN, note). - let sizes: [(usize, usize, &str); 3] = [ - ( - 1 << 13, - (1 << 13) * VECTOR_LEN, - "2^13 rows (Probe S hash-matched lower bound)", - ), - ( - 1 << 15, - (1 << 15) * VECTOR_LEN, - "2^15 rows (Probe S middle)", - ), - ( - 1 << 16, - (1 << 16) * VECTOR_LEN, - "2^16 rows (Probe S hash-saturated upper)", - ), - ]; - - let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - - // Build both AIRs once (deterministic constants; same seed for both so the - // only difference between the degree-3 and degree-7 runs is SBOX_DEGREE). - let air7: Air7 = { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) - }; - let air3: Air3 = { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) - }; - - let mut deg7 = Vec::new(); - let mut deg3 = Vec::new(); - for &(height, num_perms, note) in &sizes { - println!("running degree-7: target_height={height} num_perms={num_perms} [{note}]"); - let r7 = run_point(&config, &air7, 7, num_perms, log_blowup); - println!( - " deg7 rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", - r7.rows, r7.trace_gen_ms, r7.p50_ms, r7.p90_ms, r7.min_ms, r7.max_ms, r7.rss_mb - ); - deg7.push(r7); - - println!("running degree-3 (same path, ratio denominator): num_perms={num_perms}"); - let r3 = run_point(&config, &air3, 3, num_perms, log_blowup); - println!( - " deg3 rows={:>6} trace_gen={:>8.1}ms p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", - r3.rows, r3.trace_gen_ms, r3.p50_ms, r3.p90_ms, r3.min_ms, r3.max_ms, r3.rss_mb - ); - deg3.push(r3); - } - - // --- Result table ------------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= Probe V results (warm, p50/p90) ===================="); - println!( - "{:<6} {:<8} {:<10} {:>10} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", - "deg", "rows", "num_perms", "tracegen", "p50_ms", "p90_ms", "min_ms", "max_ms", "rss_MB" - ); - let print_row = |r: &RunResult| { - println!( - "{:<6} {:<8} {:<10} {:>10.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1}", - r.degree, - r.rows, - r.num_perms, - r.trace_gen_ms, - r.p50_ms, - r.p90_ms, - r.min_ms, - r.max_ms, - r.rss_mb - ); - }; - for (r7, r3) in deg7.iter().zip(deg3.iter()) { - print_row(r7); - print_row(r3); - } - - // --- degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio (SAME Keccak+Hiding+FRI path) ------------ - println!("\n=========== degree-7 ÷ degree-3 ratio (identical MMCS+PCS+FRI) ==============="); - println!("Probe S review estimated ~1.5-2.5x (up to ~3x) from quotient arithmetic. Measured:"); - for (i, (r7, r3)) in deg7.iter().zip(deg3.iter()).enumerate() { - let ratio = r7.p50_ms / r3.p50_ms; - let ref_note = match PROBE_S_DEG3_ZK_PROXY_MS[i] { - Some(ms) => format!(" | Probe-S deg3 zk-proxy (diff MMCS) ref: {ms:.1}ms"), - None => String::new(), - }; - println!( - "rows={:>6} deg7 p50={:>8.1}ms / deg3 p50={:>8.1}ms = {:.2}x{}", - r7.rows, r7.p50_ms, r3.p50_ms, ratio, ref_note - ); - } - - // --- vs Plonky2 at degree-7 -------------------------------------------- - println!("\n===================== degree-7 vs Plonky2 (4.35 s p50) ======================="); - for r7 in °7 { - let speedup = PLONKY2_P50_MS / r7.p50_ms; - let verdict = if r7.p50_ms < PLONKY2_P50_MS { - "FASTER" - } else { - "NOT FASTER" - }; - println!( - "deg7 rows={:>6} p50={:>8.1}ms {:>10} ({:.2}x speed vs Plonky2)", - r7.rows, r7.p50_ms, verdict, speedup - ); - } - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - assert_eq!(deg7.len(), 3, "must have 3 degree-7 points"); - assert_eq!(deg3.len(), 3, "must have 3 degree-3 points"); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 0dc02406..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_w_hiding_fri.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,374 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe W — REAL `HidingFriPcs` vs the blowup-2 "zk proxy": the honesty delta. -//! -//! # Why this probe exists -//! -//! Probe S's zero-knowledge timing row was a **proxy**: it ran the -//! `new_benchmark_zk` FRI preset (log_blowup = 2) on the *plain*, -//! non-hiding `TwoAdicFriPcs` + `MerkleTreeMmcs`, on the argument that "the -//! blowup-2 parameter alone drives the dominant prove cost; the extra -//! random-masking rows of a true `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term." -//! That argument was asserted, never measured. -//! -//! This probe measures it. It proves the **same** degree-7 BabyBear Poseidon2 -//! STARK under TWO configurations that differ in *exactly one axis* — whether -//! the commitment scheme hides — and reports the delta: -//! -//! * **PROXY (Probe S's zk row):** plain `MerkleTreeMmcs` + plain -//! `TwoAdicFriPcs`, `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup = 2). NOT zero-knowledge — -//! the blowup-2 FRI is a *timing* stand-in for ZK, with no masking rows. -//! * **REAL HIDING (true ZK):** `MerkleTreeHidingMmcs` (random masking rows in -//! every Merkle leaf) + `HidingFriPcs` (`num_random_codewords = 4` random -//! masking codewords), same `new_benchmark_zk` blowup-2 FRI. -//! -//! Everything else is held identical: BabyBear field + degree-4 extension, the -//! **same Keccak byte-hash family** (`PaddingFreeSponge` + -//! `CompressionFunctionFromHasher`), the same `SerializingChallenger32`, the -//! same `VectorizedPoseidon2Air<.., SBOX_DEGREE = 7, SBOX_REGISTERS = 1, ..>`, -//! the same `Radix2DitParallel` DFT, the same blowup-2 FRI preset. The ONLY -//! difference is hiding-vs-plain on the MMCS + PCS. So the measured p50 delta -//! is the **true cost of zero-knowledge hiding**, and the ratio -//! `real_hiding / proxy` tells us whether Probe S's proxy was honest. -//! -//! Probe S's proxy used the *Poseidon2* Merkle MMCS, not Keccak; this probe -//! deliberately uses Keccak for BOTH arms so the proxy-vs-real comparison is -//! clean (one variable). The absolute numbers here are therefore the Keccak -//! path's, directly comparable to Probe V (same recipe); the headline of W is -//! the *ratio*, which is hash-family-robust. -//! -//! ## Honesty verdict policy -//! -//! If `real_hiding / proxy` is within a small factor (say <= ~1.3x), Probe S's -//! proxy was honest: the blowup dominates and the masking overhead is the -//! "small additive term" Probe S claimed. If it is materially larger, the -//! proxy under-reported the true ZK cost and that is a precise finding for -//! Probe T's budget. Either way the number is REPORTED — the test passes on -//! successful measurement + verification of both arms. -//! -//! ## Sizing -//! -//! Measured at trace heights 2^13 (the real circuit's hash-matched point) and -//! 2^16 (hash-saturated upper bound), matching Probe S / Probe V. The -//! vectorized AIR packs `VECTOR_LEN = 8` permutations per row, so -//! `num_perms = height * 8`. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::Field; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::{MerkleTreeHidingMmcs, MerkleTreeMmcs}; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use p3_uni_stark::{StarkConfig, prove, verify}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// --- Shared AIR shape (degree-7 cryptographic S-box, optimal regs = 1) ------ -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -// --- Shared Keccak byte-hash primitives (identical in both arms) ------------ -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; - -// --- PROXY arm: plain (non-hiding) MMCS + plain TwoAdicFriPcs ---------------- -type PlainValMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - 2, - 4, ->; -type PlainChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type PlainPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type PlainConfig = StarkConfig; - -// --- REAL arm: hiding MMCS + HidingFriPcs (true zero-knowledge) -------------- -type HidingValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type HidingChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type HidingPcs = HidingFriPcs; -type HidingConfig = StarkConfig; - -// --- The (shared) degree-7 vectorized AIR ----------------------------------- -type ProbeAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -/// Build the degree-7 AIR (deterministic constants). -fn build_air() -> ProbeAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -/// Build the PROXY (plain, non-hiding) config + log_blowup. Setup only. -fn build_proxy() -> (PlainConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - - let val_mmcs = PlainValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = PlainChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = PlainPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params); - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (PlainConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -/// Build the REAL HIDING (true ZK) config + log_blowup. Setup only. -fn build_hiding() -> (HidingConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - - let val_mmcs = HidingValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = HidingChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = HidingPcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (HidingConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -/// Peak resident-set size of this process, in MB. `ru_maxrss` is bytes on -/// macOS (KB on Linux); this probe runs on macOS. -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss_bytes = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss_bytes / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss_bytes * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -struct RunResult { - arm: &'static str, - rows: usize, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - min_ms: f64, - max_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, -} - -/// p-quantile (nearest-rank) of an already-sorted slice. -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - let idx = rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1); - sorted[idx] -} - -/// Number of timed `prove()` runs per point (after one untimed warmup). -const TIMED_RUNS: usize = 5; - -/// Turn a vector of timed prove durations into a `RunResult`. -fn summarize(arm: &'static str, rows: usize, mut times_ms: Vec) -> RunResult { - times_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - RunResult { - arm, - rows, - p50_ms: quantile(×_ms, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×_ms, 0.90), - min_ms: times_ms[0], - max_ms: times_ms[times_ms.len() - 1], - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - } -} - -// The PROXY and REAL arms use different concrete `StarkConfig`s, so each gets -// its own timing function. The bodies are identical save the config type; -// keeping them concrete avoids the `StarkGenericConfig` associated-type -// gymnastics a single generic helper would require (the `Domain::Val` of a -// generic SC does not unify with `BabyBear` without extra bounds the call -// sites cannot satisfy cleanly). Protocol: 1 untimed warmup prove (+verify), -// 5 timed proves; final proof verified as a hard correctness gate. - -/// Time the PROXY (plain `TwoAdicFriPcs`, blowup-2) arm. -fn time_proxy(config: &PlainConfig, air: &ProbeAir, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> RunResult { - { - let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); - verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("proxy warmup proof must verify"); - } - let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); - let mut last_proof = None; - for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { - let trace_run = trace.clone(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); - times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_proof = Some(proof); - } - verify(config, air, &last_proof.expect("at least one run"), &[]) - .expect("proxy proof must verify"); - summarize("PROXY (blowup-2)", trace.height(), times_ms) -} - -/// Time the REAL HIDING (`HidingFriPcs`, true ZK) arm. -fn time_hiding(config: &HidingConfig, air: &ProbeAir, trace: &RowMajorMatrix) -> RunResult { - { - let proof = prove(config, air, trace.clone(), &[]); - verify(config, air, &proof, &[]).expect("hiding warmup proof must verify"); - } - let mut times_ms = Vec::with_capacity(TIMED_RUNS); - let mut last_proof = None; - for _ in 0..TIMED_RUNS { - let trace_run = trace.clone(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove(config, air, trace_run, &[]); - times_ms.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - last_proof = Some(proof); - } - verify(config, air, &last_proof.expect("at least one run"), &[]) - .expect("hiding proof must verify"); - summarize("REAL HidingFriPcs", trace.height(), times_ms) -} - -fn print_row(r: &RunResult) { - println!( - "{:<22} rows={:>6} p50={:>8.1}ms p90={:>8.1}ms (min {:>8.1}/max {:>8.1}) rss={:>7.1}MB", - r.arm, r.rows, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.min_ms, r.max_ms, r.rss_mb - ); -} - -#[test] -fn probe_w_hiding_fri() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = std::thread::available_parallelism() - .map(|n| n.get()) - .unwrap_or(0); - - println!("\n============ Probe W: real HidingFriPcs vs blowup-2 zk-proxy delta ============"); - println!("held identical across both arms:"); - println!(" field BabyBear + ext4 | AIR VectorizedPoseidon2Air deg7 regs1 vlen8"); - println!(" Keccak hash family | SerializingChallenger32 | Radix2DitParallel DFT"); - println!(" FRI new_benchmark_zk (log_blowup=2, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW)"); - println!("the ONLY difference between arms:"); - println!(" PROXY : MerkleTreeMmcs + TwoAdicFriPcs (NON-hiding, no masking)"); - println!(" REAL : MerkleTreeHidingMmcs + HidingFriPcs (num_random_codewords=4, TRUE ZK)"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing: {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN: {}", p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN); - println!("threads (avail) : {threads}"); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // (trace_height, note). Real-circuit hash-matched + hash-saturated upper. - let sizes: [(usize, &str); 2] = [ - (1 << 13, "2^13 rows (real-circuit hash-matched)"), - (1 << 16, "2^16 rows (hash-saturated upper bound)"), - ]; - - let air = build_air(); - let (proxy_config, proxy_blowup) = build_proxy(); - let (hiding_config, hiding_blowup) = build_hiding(); - assert_eq!(proxy_blowup, 2, "proxy must be blowup-2 (new_benchmark_zk)"); - assert_eq!( - hiding_blowup, 2, - "hiding must be blowup-2 (new_benchmark_zk)" - ); - - let mut rows_out = Vec::new(); - for &(height, note) in &sizes { - let num_perms = height * VECTOR_LEN; - println!("running size {height} rows (num_perms={num_perms}) [{note}]"); - - // Same trace for both arms at this size (same AIR, same blowup-2 LDE). - let trace = air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(num_perms, proxy_blowup); - - let proxy = time_proxy(&proxy_config, &air, &trace); - print_row(&proxy); - let real = time_hiding(&hiding_config, &air, &trace); - print_row(&real); - - rows_out.push((height, proxy, real)); - } - - // --- Hiding-vs-proxy delta table --------------------------------------- - println!("\n=================== Probe W: hiding-vs-proxy delta (p50) ======================"); - println!( - "{:<8} {:>12} {:>12} {:>10} {:>12}", - "rows", "proxy_p50", "hiding_p50", "delta_x", "abs_add_ms" - ); - for (height, proxy, real) in &rows_out { - let ratio = real.p50_ms / proxy.p50_ms; - let add_ms = real.p50_ms - proxy.p50_ms; - println!( - "{:<8} {:>12.1} {:>12.1} {:>10.2} {:>12.1}", - height, proxy.p50_ms, real.p50_ms, ratio, add_ms - ); - } - - // --- Honesty verdict ---------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= Probe S proxy honesty verdict ======================"); - println!("Probe S claimed: blowup dominates; true-hiding masking is a 'small additive term'."); - const HONEST_THRESHOLD: f64 = 1.30; - for (height, proxy, real) in &rows_out { - let ratio = real.p50_ms / proxy.p50_ms; - let verdict = if ratio <= HONEST_THRESHOLD { - "HONEST (hiding overhead small)" - } else { - "PROXY UNDER-REPORTS (hiding non-trivial)" - }; - println!( - "rows={:>6} real/proxy = {:.2}x -> {} (threshold {:.2}x)", - height, ratio, verdict, HONEST_THRESHOLD - ); - } - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - assert_eq!(rows_out.len(), 2, "must have measured both sizes"); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got scalar packing {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs deleted file mode 100644 index a62cb795..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_aggregator_recursion.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,849 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe X — the **recursion-overhead STARK-PROVE** cost at production fan-in -//! (8 source carriers + 1 predecessor/IVC carrier), the number that closes the -//! gap Probe T left open. -//! -//! # Why X is the load-bearing probe -//! -//! Probe T (`probe_t_real_circuit_bench.rs`) measured the *single -//! state-transition* prove: ~312 ms warm under BabyBear + production FRI, -//! ~10-14x faster than the Plonky2 baseline (4.35 s). But the real populated -//! `/api/send` prove does MORE than one state transition. In-circuit, it also -//! verifies: -//! -//! 1. the **predecessor account proof** — the IVC carrier that threads the -//! account state forward (Probe R's value-carry channel), and -//! 2. up to **`MAX_IN_COINS = 8` source / in-coin proofs** — the source -//! aggregator, which in the real circuit fans in the input coins. -//! -//! Each of those `verify_batch_circuit` verifications adds committed AREA to -//! the recursion circuit, and that area must then be **STARK-PROVED**. Probe T -//! deliberately did NOT include that: it proved the transition workload alone. -//! Probe R/R-cost built the carrier-chain *mechanism* and measured the IVC -//! link, but only at the **witness-GENERATION** stage (`runner.run()`, ~2 ms) -//! — and R-cost explicitly flagged that the real gating cost is the -//! **STARK-PROVE** of the recursion circuit, projecting it at Probe I's -//! Goldilocks-UNTUNED ~3.2 s class. THIS probe measures that STARK-prove -//! directly, under the REAL config: BabyBear + production-tuned FRI -//! (`new_benchmark`, blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit PoW) + real in-circuit MMCS -//! verification (`FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs`, NOT the arithmetic-only path -//! Probe R used). -//! -//! # The STARK-PROVE vs witness-GEN distinction (the crux) -//! -//! A `p3-circuit` `CircuitBuilder` circuit has two cost stages: -//! -//! * **witness-gen** = `circuit.runner().run()` — executes the in-circuit -//! verification and fills every wire. This is what Probe R/R-cost timed -//! (~ms). It is NOT a proof. -//! * **STARK-prove** = compile the circuit to its tables (`Witness`, `Const`, -//! `Public`, `Alu`, `Poseidon2`, `Recompose`) and `prove_all_tables` them -//! with the batch-STARK prover. This produces the actual recursion proof -//! and is the cost the ≤5 s warm-prove budget gates. THIS is what Probe X -//! measures. -//! -//! # Why the low-level path — and the #436 honesty boundary -//! -//! Upstream issue **#436** ("Multi-Layer Recursion `WitnessConflict` at layer -//! ≥2") afflicts the **high-level** aggregation API -//! (`prove_next_layer` / `build_and_prove_aggregation_layer`) at chain depth -//! ≥2. The carrier-table chain exists precisely to route AROUND #436 by -//! threading values explicitly and proving each recursion circuit through the -//! **low-level** `BatchStarkProver::prove_all_tables` path. That low-level path -//! is NOT #436-blocked: it is the exact recipe upstream's own -//! `fibonacci_batch_stark_prover.rs` uses to STARK-prove a circuit containing -//! `verify_batch_circuit`. So Probe X measures the full-recursion prove cost -//! via `prove_all_tables`, with NO dependency on the broken high-level path. -//! (If a future probe needs the high-level multi-layer API, #436 must be -//! re-checked — see `docs/migration/PLONKY3_UPSTREAM_MAINTENANCE.md`.) -//! -//! # The modelled recursion shape (fan-in 8 + 1) -//! -//! One aggregator/IVC recursion circuit that, in a single `CircuitBuilder`: -//! -//! * `verify_batch_circuit`s the **predecessor (IVC) carrier** proof, -//! surfacing its carried account value `V_prev`; -//! * `verify_batch_circuit`s **8 source carrier** proofs, each surfacing its -//! `[v_in, v_out]` public-value pair, with per-slot `active`-bit masking -//! (Probe E's `connect(x, select(active, expected, x))` pattern) so -//! inactive in-coin slots are vacuously satisfied — the real fixed-shape -//! `MAX_IN_COINS = 8` circuit; -//! * `connect`s the IVC carry: the aggregator's emitted next-account value is -//! bound to `V_prev + (sum of active source contributions)` via the -//! carrier increments (the same forward-bind Probe R proved sound). -//! -//! **Flat 8+1, not a 2-to-1 tree — and why that is the faithful (and -//! conservative) shape.** The real aggregator's prove COST is the sum of the -//! in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` areas of the proofs it folds in. A flat -//! single-layer aggregator that verifies all 9 inner proofs in one circuit has -//! exactly that area = 9 verifier sub-circuits + the masks/connects. A 2-to-1 -//! fan-in tree (depth 3) over the 8 sources would verify the SAME 8 source -//! proofs but split across intermediate layers, each of which ALSO has to be -//! STARK-proved and then re-verified by its parent — i.e. strictly MORE total -//! prove work (the intermediate aggregation proofs are pure overhead the flat -//! layer avoids). So the flat 8+1 single-layer figure is the faithful -//! single-aggregator-layer cost AND a conservative LOWER bound on a tree. This -//! is stated plainly in the verdict. -//! -//! # What is measured -//! -//! Circuit-build wall-time; cold STARK-prove; warm p50/p90 over ≥5 runs after a -//! warmup; peak RSS (`getrusage`, bytes→MB on macOS). Packing type + thread -//! count printed. Two inner-proof FRI configs are attempted: -//! `new_benchmark` (blowup-1, the production non-zk headline) and -//! `new_benchmark_zk` (blowup-2, true-ZK) — Probe X reports which compose. -//! -//! # The verdict (composed with Probe T) -//! -//! Probe X reports the recursion-overhead STARK-prove cost and composes it with -//! Probe T's ~312 ms transition: full populated-send prove ≈ T + X. It states -//! plainly whether that keeps Plonky3 ahead of Plonky2 (single-prove 4.35 s; -//! live populated `/api/send` ~10 s incl. node overhead), or whether the -//! recursion overhead erodes / erases the Probe-T win. If it erases it, the -//! probe SAYS SO — that is the honest finding the whole audit exists to -//! surface. The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless -//! of the speed verdict. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// BabyBear recursion config (mirrors p3-test-utils `baby_bear_params`), but -// parameterised by FRI params so the inner carrier proofs can be produced under -// PRODUCTION-tuned FRI (`new_benchmark` / `new_benchmark_zk`) instead of the -// low-security `new_testing` Probe R used. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -type F = BabyBear; -const D: usize = 4; -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const RATE: usize = 8; -const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; -type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; -type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - 2, - DIGEST_ELEMS, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; -type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for the inner carrier proofs -/// (and, matched exactly, the in-circuit verifier params). -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -enum FriChoice { - /// `new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. Production - /// non-zk headline (fastest sound production setting). - BenchBlowup1, - /// `new_benchmark_zk`: blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. True-ZK - /// FRI on the plain `TwoAdicFriPcs` (the blowup-2 cost driver; the random - /// masking rows of a full `HidingFriPcs` are a small additive term). - BenchZkBlowup2, -} - -impl FriChoice { - fn label(self) -> &'static str { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk)", - } - } - - fn fri_params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), - } - } - - /// The scalar knobs needed to build a *matching* `FriVerifierParams` for the - /// in-circuit verifier (so the recursion circuit checks exactly the FRI the - /// inner proof was produced under). Read straight from the same constructor - /// so prover and verifier never drift. - fn verifier_scalars(self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) { - // (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits). - // A throwaway `FriParameters<()>` reads the canonical constants. - let p = match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()), - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark_zk(()), - }; - ( - p.log_blowup, - p.log_final_poly_len, - p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, - p.query_proof_of_work_bits, - ) - } -} - -/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given production FRI choice. -fn make_config(fri: FriChoice) -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = fri.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// In-circuit FRI verifier params MATCHING the inner proof's FRI choice, with -/// **real MMCS verification enabled** (`with_mmcs`) — the sound production path, -/// NOT Probe R's `unsafe_arithmetic_only_for_tests`. This is what makes the -/// in-circuit verifier do genuine Merkle-opening work (and what makes the -/// STARK-prove cost representative of production recursion). -fn fri_verifier_params(fri: FriChoice) -> FriVerifierParams { - let (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits) = fri.verifier_scalars(); - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len, - commit_pow_bits, - query_pow_bits, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// CarrierAir — Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` with the -// native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. Unchanged: it is the inner proof the -// recursion circuit verifies; `MAX_IN_COINS` source coins and the predecessor -// account are each represented by one such carrier (their prove-cost driver is -// the inner verifier area, which is carrier-shape-independent). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -/// A produced inner carrier proof + everything the recursion circuit needs to -/// allocate and verify it. -struct Layer { - proof: BatchProof, - air: CarrierAir, - pvs: [Vec; 1], - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl Layer { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } -} - -/// Prove one honest carrier layer at `rows` inner trace height under `config`. -fn prove_layer(config: &MyConfig, v: F, rows: usize) -> Layer { - let air = CarrierAir { rows }; - let trace = air.honest_trace(v); - let pvs = [vec![v, v + F::ONE]]; - let instances = vec![StarkInstance { - air: &air, - trace: &trace, - public_values: pvs[0].clone(), - }]; - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &air_slice(&air), &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier verify (production FRI)"); - Layer { - proof, - air, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -fn air_slice(air: &CarrierAir) -> [CarrierAir; 1] { - [*air] -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -/// Allocate one carrier proof into `cb` and run `verify_batch_circuit` against -/// it under the (real-MMCS) verifier params. Returns the verifier-inputs -/// builder (for `air_public_targets` + `pack_values`) AND the MMCS op-ids the -/// in-circuit FRI verifier produced — needed to feed the Merkle-opening private -/// data at witness-gen time (the sound, `with_mmcs` path). -fn add_carrier_verifier( - config: &MyConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - layer: &Layer, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &layer.proof, layer.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!(vi.air_public_targets.len(), 1, "one carrier instance"); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets[0].len(), - 2, - "carrier's two public values must surface (not [0,0,0])" - ); - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - config, - &air_slice(&layer.air), - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build carrier verifier (real MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. -const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; - -/// Result of building + STARK-proving the aggregator recursion circuit. -struct ProveResult { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, - witness_count: usize, - num_active: usize, -} - -/// Build the fan-in `8 + 1` aggregator recursion circuit, then STARK-PROVE it. -/// -/// Steps (the production recursion shape): -/// 1. Verify the predecessor (IVC) carrier in-circuit, surfacing `V_prev`. -/// 2. For each of the 8 source slots: verify its carrier in-circuit, surface -/// `[v_in, v_out]`, and apply the `active`-bit mask -/// (`connect(v_out, select(active, expected, v_out))`) — inactive slots -/// are vacuously satisfied (real fixed-shape MAX_IN_COINS circuit). -/// 3. Connect the IVC carry: bind the predecessor's emitted `v_out` to the -/// first active source's `v_in` (the forward thread Probe R proved sound), -/// so the aggregator's verification is cryptographically chained. -/// 4. Compile to tables and STARK-prove via the low-level `prove_all_tables` -/// path (NOT #436's high-level API). Verify the proof. -/// -/// `num_active` source slots carry honest values; the rest are inactive -/// (masked). The inner carriers are at `inner_rows` trace height. -fn prove_aggregator(fri: FriChoice, inner_rows: usize, num_active: usize) -> ProveResult { - let config = make_config(fri); - let vparams = fri_verifier_params(fri); - - // --- inner carrier proofs: 1 predecessor + 8 sources ------------------- - // Predecessor account carrier carries V_prev = 100 (-> emits 101). - let predecessor = prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(100), inner_rows); - // Source carriers: active slot i carries (200 + i) -> emits (201 + i). - let sources: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| prove_layer(&config, F::from_u32(200 + i as u32), inner_rows)) - .collect(); - - // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit. - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - // 2. 8 source carriers verified in-circuit, each with an active-bit mask. - // `active` is a public input bit; `expected` is the honest emitted value - // a slot must carry when active. Probe E pattern: - // connect(v_out, select(active, expected, v_out)) - // active=1 -> v_out must equal expected (honest source check fires); - // active=0 -> connect(v_out, v_out) (slot masked off, any value ok). - let mut source_vis = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut source_op_ids = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut active_inputs = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - for (i, src) in sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (src_vi, src_ids) = add_carrier_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - let v_out = src_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - // expected emitted value for an honest active slot i = (200 + i) + 1. - // Circuit wires are over the challenge (extension) field. - let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - source_vis.push(src_vi); - source_op_ids.push(src_ids); - active_inputs.push(active); - } - - // 3. IVC carry: bind the predecessor's emitted next-account value to the - // first source's consumed v_in. (One representative forward-bind; the - // real circuit binds the aggregated sum — same connect primitive, same - // cost class. Probe R proved this thread sound.) We bind predecessor - // v_out == source[0] v_in only when source 0 is active; using a select - // keeps the circuit fixed-shape regardless of activity. - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let src0_v_in = source_vis[0].air_public_targets[0][0]; - // Bind only the *shape*: connect(pred_v_out, select(active0, pred_v_out, pred_v_out)) - // is a no-op carry placeholder that still threads pred_v_out through a - // select gate (committed work), faithfully modelling the carry's cost - // without over-constraining inactive configurations. The honest carry - // semantics (pred_v_out == aggregated source in) are exercised by Probe R; - // here we measure COST, and the select+connect is the cost-faithful carry. - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src0_v_in, pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; // threaded as committed work; value-semantics proven in R. - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - // --- compile to tables (NPO preprocessors for poseidon2 + recompose) ---- - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - - // --- pack public/private inputs + MMCS private data -------------------- - // active bits: first `num_active` source slots active, rest inactive. - // Public inputs are over the challenge (extension) field. - let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| { - if i < num_active { - Challenge::ONE - } else { - Challenge::ZERO - } - }) - .collect(); - - // pack_values for each verified proof, interleaving the per-slot `active` - // public input in the SAME order the circuit allocated them: the verifier - // builders' public inputs come first per allocation; the `active` / - // `expected` allocations are interleaved between source verifiers. To match - // allocation order exactly we re-pack: predecessor verifier inputs, then for - // each source (verifier inputs, then its `active` public input). - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - for (i, src_vi) in source_vis.iter().enumerate() { - let (s_pub, s_priv) = - src_vi.pack_values(&sources[i].pvs, &sources[i].proof, sources[i].common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - // the `active` public input for this slot (alloc_public_input ordering). - pubs.push(active_bits[i]); - } - - // Build a closure that runs the circuit (witness-gen) producing fresh - // traces — used for both the (re-usable) prover data and each timed prove. - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - // MMCS private data for every verified inner proof (real with_mmcs path). - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - for (i, ids) in source_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &sources[i]); - } - runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(fri)).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- - let traces = run_witness(); - let t_cold = Instant::now(); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); - let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); - - // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ - let traces_warm = run_witness(); - let _ = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warmup prove"); - const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let traces_run = run_witness(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warm prove"); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); - } - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - - ProveResult { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - witness_count, - num_active, - } -} - -/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - layer: &Layer, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &layer.proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data"); -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Composition anchors. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Probe T's single state-transition warm-prove (BabyBear + production FRI). -const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; -/// Plonky2 single-prove baseline (M5-class), warm p50. -const PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -/// Live populated `/api/send` Plonky2 prove incl. node overhead (R2 baseline). -const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; -/// Warm-prove budget per the migration research (≤5 s warm). -const WARM_BUDGET_MS: f64 = 5000.0; - -#[test] -fn probe_x_aggregator_recursion() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n========== Probe X: aggregator recursion STARK-prove (fan-in 8 + 1) =========="); - println!("shape : 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier + {MAX_IN_COINS} source carriers,"); - println!(" flat single-layer in-circuit verify_batch_circuit + active masks"); - println!(" + IVC carry select (faithful single-aggregator-layer; a 2-to-1"); - println!( - " tree would cost strictly MORE, so this is a conservative lower bound)." - ); - println!("stage measured: STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables, low-level"); - println!( - " path) — NOT witness-gen (Probe R/R-cost), NOT #436's high-level API." - ); - println!("inner verifier: FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS opening checks)."); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Probe T anchor : {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms single transition | Plonky2 {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms single / {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms live send" - ); - - // Inner carrier trace height. The recursion-circuit prove cost is dominated - // by the verifier sub-circuit area (a function of the inner proof's FRI - // shape: queries x blowup x folding), which is essentially independent of - // the inner trace HEIGHT (the verifier checks openings, not the whole - // trace). A modest inner size keeps inner-prove setup cheap while the - // recursion (verifier) area — the thing X measures — is fully present. - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - let num_active = MAX_IN_COINS; // worst case: all 8 source slots active. - - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | active source slots: {num_active}/{MAX_IN_COINS}", - inner_rows.trailing_zeros() - ); - - let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; - let mut results: Vec<(FriChoice, ProveResult)> = Vec::new(); - - for &fri in &fris { - println!("\n--- inner+verifier FRI = {} ---", fri.label()); - let r = prove_aggregator(fri, inner_rows, num_active); - println!( - " aggregator recursion: build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb - ); - println!( - " circuit public_flat_len={} | {} active source slots verified in-circuit", - r.witness_count, r.num_active - ); - results.push((fri, r)); - } - - // --- results table ----------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n========================= Probe X results (warm, p50) ========================"); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9} {:>9}", - "inner+verifier FRI", "build", "cold", "p50", "p90", "rss_MB" - ); - for (fri, r) in &results { - println!( - "{:<34} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.1} {:>9.0}", - fri.label(), - r.build_ms, - r.cold_ms, - r.p50_ms, - r.p90_ms, - r.rss_mb - ); - } - - // --- composed full-send estimate vs Plonky2 ---------------------------- - // Primary recursion-overhead figure = the non-zk (blowup-1) production - // headline (results[0]); the zk row is reported alongside. - let x_nonzk = results[0].1.p50_ms; - let full_nonzk = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + x_nonzk; - println!("\n================ composed full populated-send prove (T + X) =================="); - println!( - "Probe T transition : {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms (single state-transition, prod FRI)" - ); - println!( - "Probe X recursion : {x_nonzk:.0} ms (verify {} sources + 1 predecessor, STARK-proved)", - MAX_IN_COINS - ); - println!( - "==> full send (T+X) : {full_nonzk:.0} ms [non-zk blowup-1; zk blowup-2 recursion = {:.0} ms]", - results[1].1.p50_ms - ); - - // Verdict vs Plonky2 single-prove (4.35 s) and vs the warm budget. - println!("\n========================== verdict vs Plonky2 ================================"); - let (verdict_single, factor_single) = if full_nonzk < PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS / full_nonzk) - } else { - ("SLOWER", full_nonzk / PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS) - }; - println!( - "vs Plonky2 single-prove {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms : full send {full_nonzk:.0} ms -> {verdict_single} by {factor_single:.2}x" - ); - let (verdict_live, factor_live) = if full_nonzk < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / full_nonzk) - } else { - ("SLOWER", full_nonzk / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS) - }; - println!( - "vs Plonky2 live /api/send {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms : full send {full_nonzk:.0} ms -> {verdict_live} by {factor_live:.2}x (excl. Plonky3 node overhead)" - ); - if full_nonzk <= WARM_BUDGET_MS { - println!( - "vs ≤{WARM_BUDGET_MS:.0} ms warm budget : WITHIN BUDGET ({:.0} ms headroom)", - WARM_BUDGET_MS - full_nonzk - ); - } else { - println!( - "vs ≤{WARM_BUDGET_MS:.0} ms warm budget : !!! BLOWS BUDGET !!! (over by {:.0} ms / {:.2}x)", - full_nonzk - WARM_BUDGET_MS, - full_nonzk / WARM_BUDGET_MS - ); - } - - // --- the honest bottom line ------------------------------------------- - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); - println!( - "Recursion overhead at production fan-in (8+1), STARK-proved under BabyBear + {}:", - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1.label() - ); - println!(" recursion-prove p50 = {x_nonzk:.0} ms (the number Probe R-cost deferred)."); - println!( - " This is ~{:.0}x the {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms single transition: at production", - x_nonzk / PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS - ); - println!(" fan-in the recursion overhead DOMINATES the full send (transition is ~7% of it)."); - // Three honest bands: comfortably faster (>=1.2x), MARGINAL (within ~1.2x, - // i.e. inside measurement noise + proxy error), or slower. - const MARGIN_BAND: f64 = 1.20; - println!( - " Composed with Probe T's {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms transition, the FULL populated-send" - ); - if full_nonzk >= PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS { - println!( - " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — SLOWER than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms single-prove." - ); - println!( - " The recursion overhead ERASES the Probe-T transition win. Stated plainly, NOT spun:" - ); - println!(" at production fan-in the recursion-prove cost dominates and Plonky3 loses."); - } else if factor_single < MARGIN_BAND { - println!( - " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — only {factor_single:.2}x faster than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms." - ); - println!( - " MARGINAL: that {factor_single:.2}x is WITHIN measurement noise + proxy error. The recursion" - ); - println!( - " overhead very nearly ERASES the Probe-T win — Plonky3 is at best a WASH on the full" - ); - println!( - " populated send, NOT the ~10-14x headline Probe T's single transition suggested." - ); - println!( - " Honest read: the 8-source in-circuit aggregation is the cost driver, and the real" - ); - println!( - " Poseidon-heavy inner circuit (heavier per row than this proxy) would likely flip" - ); - println!(" this to SLOWER. Do not bank the migration on a speed win at this fan-in."); - } else { - println!( - " prove is {full_nonzk:.0} ms — comfortably FASTER than Plonky2's {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms by {factor_single:.2}x." - ); - println!(" The recursion overhead does NOT erase the Probe-T win."); - } - println!( - " Recovery levers (circuit-side, if the margin must improve): fewer in-coins (smaller" - ); - println!(" MAX_IN_COINS); cheaper inner FRI (fewer queries / lower blowup for inner proofs);"); - println!( - " batch the 8 source verifications into one larger table; KoalaBear; drop in-coin recursion." - ); - println!("STARK-prove of the recursion circuit via low-level prove_all_tables WORKS (verified"); - println!("above) — NO dependency on #436's broken high-level multi-layer API. This is the"); - println!("faithful production recursion-prove shape."); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - assert_eq!(results.len(), 2, "must measure both FRI configs"); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 220433fc..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,938 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe X′ — the **decisive lever test** for the Plonky3 send-side speed case. -//! -//! # The lever -//! -//! Probe X measured the production aggregator (8 source carriers + 1 -//! predecessor/IVC carrier) as a **flat 8+1**: nine INDEPENDENT in-circuit -//! `verify_batch_circuit`s, each its own full in-circuit FRI verifier, costs -//! summed. The headline was ~4.0 s non-zk / ~6.7 s zk for the recursion-prove -//! alone, which makes the full populated `/api/send` a wash-or-loss vs Plonky2. -//! The whole migration's user-facing-latency case hinges on whether that -//! aggregation cost can be cut. Probe X′ measures the best achievable -//! reduction — real proving, real numbers, honest if it does NOT help. -//! -//! The hypothesis: the 8 source proofs are all proofs of the **same -//! source-coin circuit shape (same AIR / same vk)**, differing only in -//! witness/public values. Probe X verified them as 8 separate batch proofs -//! (each its own commitment → its own in-circuit FRI verifier). Can verifying 8 -//! same-shape proofs amortize the FRI/Merkle verifier structure? -//! -//! # The a/b framing (read BOTH; they answer different questions) -//! -//! * **X′-a — lower bound / best case.** Prove the 8 sources as ONE batched -//! `prove_batch` (8 `StarkInstance`s → one batched trace commitment, one FRI -//! opening proof), then verify THAT proof in-circuit with a SINGLE -//! `verify_batch_circuit` over an 8-instance `airs` slice. The in-circuit FRI -//! verifier structure (the expensive Merkle-opening / FRI-folding sub-circuit) -//! is instantiated **once** and shared across all 8 instances. This is the -//! theoretical floor: it bounds how much the verifier *structure* costs vs the -//! per-proof *opening* work. It is only physically realisable IF the protocol -//! could batch the 8 sources at prove time. -//! -//! * **X′-b — realistic.** In the REAL protocol the 8 source proofs come from -//! DIFFERENT prior transactions, proved independently at different times -//! (different challengers, different commitments). They are NOT one batch and -//! cannot be retroactively re-batched without re-proving them. X′-b proves 8 -//! **independent** batch proofs (as in reality) and verifies them in-circuit -//! with whatever amortization the recursion API genuinely allows for same-vk -//! proofs. The honest question this answers: can independent same-vk proofs -//! share the in-circuit verifier? The API (`verify_batch_circuit` consumes one -//! `BatchProofTargets` per `BatchProof`, each carrying its own commitment and -//! FRI opening proof) forces **one verifier instantiation per independent -//! proof** — so X′-b is structurally Probe X. We measure it to CONFIRM that, -//! not assume it. -//! -//! # The honest verdict this probe must deliver -//! -//! If X′-a ≪ Probe X but X′-b ≈ Probe X, the conclusion is precise and -//! unspun: **batching the same-vk verifier structure is a real saving, but it is -//! UNREACHABLE for the send path** because the protocol's sources are -//! independent and cannot be retroactively batched. In that case batching does -//! NOT rescue the send-side speed case, and the only live lever is reducing -//! `MAX_IN_COINS` (fewer in-coins per send). The probe states this plainly. -//! -//! # What is measured -//! -//! For each framing × {non-zk `new_benchmark` blowup-1, zk `new_benchmark_zk` -//! blowup-2}: circuit-build wall-time, cold STARK-prove, warm p50/p90 over 5 -//! runs after a warmup, peak RSS. The recursion circuit is **STARK-PROVED** -//! (`prove_all_tables`, the low-level #436-free path Probe X uses) and verified -//! — real proof, not witness-gen. Then the **reduction factor vs Probe X's flat -//! 8+1** (4.0 s non-zk / 6.7 s zk) is computed per framing, and the full -//! `/api/send` estimate is recomposed (Probe T 0.31 s + X′ aggregation + node -//! overhead 5.6 s) with the rescued/not-rescued verdict. -//! -//! The test PASSES on successful measurement + verification regardless of the -//! speed verdict — the verdict is data, not a gate. - -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{BabyBear, Poseidon2BabyBear, default_babybear_poseidon2_16}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::DuplexChallenger; -use p3_circuit::CircuitBuilder; -use p3_circuit::ExprId; -use p3_circuit::NonPrimitiveOpId; -use p3_circuit::ops::{generate_poseidon2_trace, generate_recompose_trace}; -use p3_circuit_prover::batch_stark_prover::{poseidon2_air_builders, recompose_air_builders}; -use p3_circuit_prover::common::{NpoPreprocessor, get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep}; -use p3_circuit_prover::{ - BatchStarkProver, CircuitProverData, ConstraintProfile, Poseidon2Preprocessor, - RecomposePreprocessor, TablePacking, -}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, TwoAdicFriPcs}; -use p3_lookup::logup::LogUpGadget; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_circuit_air::BabyBearD4Width16; -use p3_recursion::pcs::fri::{InputProofTargets, MerkleCapTargets, RecValMmcs}; -use p3_recursion::pcs::{FriProofTargets, RecExtensionValMmcs, Witness, set_fri_mmcs_private_data}; -use p3_recursion::{ - BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, FriVerifierParams, Poseidon2Config, verify_batch_circuit, -}; -use p3_symmetric::{PaddingFreeSponge, TruncatedPermutation}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// BabyBear recursion config — IDENTICAL to Probe X (production crypto config: -// BabyBear, real in-circuit MMCS verification, new_benchmark / new_benchmark_zk -// FRI). Reused verbatim so the X′ numbers are directly comparable to X's. -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -type F = BabyBear; -const D: usize = 4; -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const RATE: usize = 8; -const DIGEST_ELEMS: usize = 8; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; -type Dft = Radix2DitParallel; -type Perm = Poseidon2BabyBear; -type MyHash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type MyCompress = TruncatedPermutation; -type MyMmcs = MerkleTreeMmcs< - ::Packing, - ::Packing, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - 2, - DIGEST_ELEMS, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = DuplexChallenger; -type MyPcs = TwoAdicFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type InnerFri = FriProofTargets< - F, - Challenge, - RecExtensionValMmcs< - F, - Challenge, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - RecValMmcs, - >, - InputProofTargets>, - Witness, ->; - -/// Which production-tuned FRI parameter set to use for the inner carrier proofs -/// (and, matched exactly, the in-circuit verifier params). -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -enum FriChoice { - /// `new_benchmark`: blowup-1, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. Production - /// non-zk headline. - BenchBlowup1, - /// `new_benchmark_zk`: blowup-2, 100 queries, 16-bit query PoW. True-ZK FRI. - BenchZkBlowup2, -} - -impl FriChoice { - fn label(self) -> &'static str { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => "new_benchmark (blowup=1, non-zk)", - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => "new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2, zk)", - } - } - - fn fri_params(self, mmcs: ChallengeMmcs) -> FriParameters { - match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::new_benchmark(mmcs), - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(mmcs), - } - } - - fn verifier_scalars(self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) { - let p = match self { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark(()), - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => FriParameters::<()>::new_benchmark_zk(()), - }; - ( - p.log_blowup, - p.log_final_poly_len, - p.commit_proof_of_work_bits, - p.query_proof_of_work_bits, - ) - } -} - -/// Build a BabyBear `MyConfig` under the given production FRI choice. -fn make_config(fri: FriChoice) -> MyConfig { - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let hash = MyHash::new(perm.clone()); - let compress = MyCompress::new(perm.clone()); - let val_mmcs = MyMmcs::new(hash, compress, 0); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = fri.fri_params(challenge_mmcs); - let pcs = MyPcs::new(Dft::default(), val_mmcs, fri_params); - MyConfig::new(pcs, Challenger::new(perm)) -} - -/// In-circuit FRI verifier params MATCHING the inner proof's FRI choice, with -/// **real MMCS verification enabled** (`with_mmcs`) — the sound production path. -fn fri_verifier_params(fri: FriChoice) -> FriVerifierParams { - let (log_blowup, log_final_poly_len, commit_pow_bits, query_pow_bits) = fri.verifier_scalars(); - FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs( - log_blowup, - log_final_poly_len, - commit_pow_bits, - query_pow_bits, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// CarrierAir — Probe X / Probe R's two-public-value carrier `[v_in, v_out]` -// with the native `v_out == v_in + 1` increment. Unchanged: it is the inner -// proof the recursion circuit verifies. Each source coin and the predecessor -// account is one such carrier (same AIR / same vk — exactly the same-shape -// property X′ tests for amortization). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone, Copy)] -struct CarrierAir { - rows: usize, -} - -impl CarrierAir { - fn honest_trace(&self, v: F) -> RowMajorMatrix { - let width = 2; - let mut values = F::zero_vec(self.rows * width); - for row in 0..self.rows { - let idx = row * width; - values[idx] = v; - values[idx + 1] = v + F::ONE; - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, width) - } -} - -impl BaseAir for CarrierAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } - fn num_public_values(&self) -> usize { - 2 - } -} - -impl> Air for CarrierAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice(); - let v_in = local[0]; - let v_out = local[1]; - let pis = builder.public_values(); - let pi_in = pis[0]; - let pi_out = pis[1]; - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_in, pi_in); - builder.when_first_row().assert_eq(v_out, pi_out); - builder - .when_first_row() - .assert_eq(v_out, v_in + AB::Expr::ONE); - } -} - -/// A produced inner batch proof + everything the recursion circuit needs to -/// allocate and verify it. May contain ONE instance (independent carrier, as in -/// X′-b / Probe X) or MANY instances (the batched X′-a source bundle). -struct InnerProof { - proof: BatchProof, - /// One `CarrierAir` per instance (all same shape; distinct only by trace). - airs: Vec, - /// One public-value vector per instance. - pvs: Vec>, - prover_data: ProverData, -} - -impl InnerProof { - fn common(&self) -> &p3_batch_stark::CommonData { - &self.prover_data.common - } - fn num_instances(&self) -> usize { - self.airs.len() - } -} - -/// Prove ONE batch proof containing `values.len()` carrier instances, all of the -/// same `CarrierAir` shape, at `rows` inner trace height. With `values.len() == -/// 1` this is an independent single-carrier proof (X′-b / Probe X). With -/// `values.len() == 8` this is the X′-a batched-source bundle: a SINGLE -/// `prove_batch` → one trace commitment → one FRI opening proof for all 8. -fn prove_inner(config: &MyConfig, values: &[F], rows: usize) -> InnerProof { - let airs: Vec = values.iter().map(|_| CarrierAir { rows }).collect(); - let traces: Vec> = values.iter().map(|&v| airs[0].honest_trace(v)).collect(); - let pvs: Vec> = values.iter().map(|&v| vec![v, v + F::ONE]).collect(); - - let instances: Vec> = (0..values.len()) - .map(|i| StarkInstance { - air: &airs[i], - trace: &traces[i], - public_values: pvs[i].clone(), - }) - .collect(); - - let prover_data = ProverData::from_instances(config, &instances); - let proof = prove_batch(config, &instances, &prover_data); - verify_batch(config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, &prover_data.common) - .expect("native carrier batch verify (production FRI)"); - - InnerProof { - proof, - airs, - pvs, - prover_data, - } -} - -type Vi = BatchStarkVerifierInputsBuilder, InnerFri>; - -/// Allocate ONE inner batch proof (1 or N instances) into `cb` and run a SINGLE -/// `verify_batch_circuit` over ALL its instances under the (real-MMCS) verifier -/// params. For an N-instance proof this instantiates the in-circuit FRI verifier -/// structure ONCE and shares it across the N instances — the X′-a amortization. -/// Returns the verifier-inputs builder and the MMCS op-ids (for private data). -fn add_inner_verifier( - config: &MyConfig, - vparams: &FriVerifierParams, - cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, - inner: &InnerProof, -) -> (Vi, Vec) { - let lookup_gadget = LogUpGadget::new(); - let air_public_counts = vec![2usize; inner.num_instances()]; - let vi = Vi::allocate(cb, &inner.proof, inner.common(), &air_public_counts); - assert_eq!( - vi.air_public_targets.len(), - inner.num_instances(), - "one public-value target group per inner instance" - ); - for tgt in &vi.air_public_targets { - assert_eq!(tgt.len(), 2, "each carrier surfaces its [v_in, v_out]"); - } - let mmcs_op_ids = verify_batch_circuit::<_, _, _, _, _, _, _, WIDTH, RATE>( - config, - &inner.airs, - cb, - &vi.proof_targets, - &vi.air_public_targets, - vparams, - &vi.common_data, - &lookup_gadget, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("build inner verifier (real MMCS)"); - (vi, mmcs_op_ids) -} - -/// Set the FRI MMCS private data for one verified inner proof on the runner. -fn set_mmcs_for( - runner: &mut p3_circuit::CircuitRunner<'_, Challenge>, - op_ids: &[NonPrimitiveOpId], - inner: &InnerProof, -) { - set_fri_mmcs_private_data::< - F, - Challenge, - ChallengeMmcs, - MyMmcs, - MyHash, - MyCompress, - DIGEST_ELEMS, - >( - runner, - op_ids, - &inner.proof.opening_proof, - Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16, - ) - .expect("set MMCS private data"); -} - -/// Production fan-in: 8 source in-coin slots + 1 predecessor (IVC) carrier. -const MAX_IN_COINS: usize = 8; - -/// Which framing to build. -#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] -enum Framing { - /// X′-a: 8 sources proved as ONE batched proof (8 instances), verified - /// in-circuit with a SINGLE `verify_batch_circuit`. + 1 predecessor proof. - /// Total in-circuit verifiers: 2 (one 8-instance, one 1-instance). - BatchedLowerBound, - /// X′-b: 8 INDEPENDENT source proofs, each verified by its own - /// `verify_batch_circuit`. + 1 predecessor proof. Total in-circuit - /// verifiers: 9 — structurally identical to Probe X's flat 8+1. - IndependentRealistic, -} - -impl Framing { - fn tag(self) -> &'static str { - match self { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => "X'-a batched (lower bound)", - Framing::IndependentRealistic => "X'-b independent (realistic)", - } - } -} - -/// Result of building + STARK-proving one framing's aggregator recursion circuit. -struct ProveResult { - build_ms: f64, - cold_ms: f64, - p50_ms: f64, - p90_ms: f64, - rss_mb: f64, - witness_count: usize, - /// Number of in-circuit `verify_batch_circuit` instantiations. - num_in_circuit_verifiers: usize, -} - -/// Build the chosen framing's aggregator recursion circuit, then STARK-PROVE it. -/// -/// Both framings verify the SAME total work — 8 source carriers + 1 predecessor -/// carrier, with the per-source `active`-bit mask (Probe E) and the IVC carry -/// select (Probe R). They differ ONLY in how the 8 sources are packaged: -/// * `BatchedLowerBound` — 8 sources as one batch proof, ONE verifier; -/// * `IndependentRealistic` — 8 independent proofs, 8 verifiers. -fn prove_framing(fri: FriChoice, inner_rows: usize, framing: Framing) -> ProveResult { - let config = make_config(fri); - let vparams = fri_verifier_params(fri); - - // --- inner carrier proofs --------------------------------------------- - // Predecessor account carrier: V_prev = 100 (-> emits 101). Always its own - // independent proof (the predecessor is genuinely a different prior tx). - let predecessor = prove_inner(&config, &[F::from_u32(100)], inner_rows); - - // Source carriers: active slot i carries (200 + i) -> emits (201 + i). - let source_values: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS) - .map(|i| F::from_u32(200 + i as u32)) - .collect(); - - // X′-a: ONE 8-instance batch proof. X′-b: 8 independent 1-instance proofs. - let batched_sources: Option = match framing { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => Some(prove_inner(&config, &source_values, inner_rows)), - Framing::IndependentRealistic => None, - }; - let independent_sources: Vec = match framing { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => Vec::new(), - Framing::IndependentRealistic => source_values - .iter() - .map(|&v| prove_inner(&config, &[v], inner_rows)) - .collect(), - }; - - // --- build the aggregator recursion circuit ---------------------------- - let t_build = Instant::now(); - let perm = default_babybear_poseidon2_16(); - let mut cb = CircuitBuilder::new(); - cb.enable_poseidon2_perm::( - generate_poseidon2_trace::, - perm, - ); - cb.enable_recompose::(generate_recompose_trace::); - - // 1. predecessor (IVC) carrier verified in-circuit (one instance). - let (pred_vi, pred_op_ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, &predecessor); - - // 2. the 8 sources, verified in-circuit per framing. We collect, per source - // slot, the (v_in, v_out) public-value targets so the active-mask and IVC - // carry below are applied IDENTICALLY in both framings (so the only cost - // difference is the verifier packaging, never the masking work). - // - // CRITICAL: a public input's flat index is fixed at ALLOCATION time, and the - // packed `pubs` vector must list values in that exact order. The per-source - // `active` bit is therefore allocated IMMEDIATELY AFTER that source's - // verifier inputs (in the realistic framing, interleaved one per source; in - // the batched framing, all 8 after the single shared verifier) so allocation - // order == packing order. (`alloc_const`/`select`/`connect` produce internal - // wires, not public inputs, so they do not affect public-input ordering.) - let mut src_v_in: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut active_inputs: Vec = Vec::with_capacity(MAX_IN_COINS); - let mut verifier_inputs: Vec = Vec::new(); - let mut verifier_op_ids: Vec> = Vec::new(); - let mut num_in_circuit_verifiers = 1usize; // predecessor - - // Apply the Probe E active-bit mask for source slot `i` against its surfaced - // `v_out` target: active=1 -> v_out must equal expected (honest check fires); - // active=0 -> connect(v_out, v_out) (slot masked off, any value ok). - let apply_mask = |cb: &mut CircuitBuilder, i: usize, v_out: ExprId| -> ExprId { - let active = cb.alloc_public_input("active"); - cb.assert_bool(active); - let expected = cb.alloc_const(Challenge::from(F::from_u32(201 + i as u32)), "expected"); - let masked = cb.select(active, expected, v_out); - cb.connect(v_out, masked); - active - }; - - match framing { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { - let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); - let (vi, ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, bundle); - num_in_circuit_verifiers += 1; // ONE verifier for all 8 sources - // Collect v_in/v_out first (immutable borrow of vi), then apply masks. - let slots: Vec<(ExprId, ExprId)> = vi - .air_public_targets - .iter() - .map(|inst| (inst[0], inst[1])) - .collect(); - verifier_inputs.push(vi); - verifier_op_ids.push(ids); - for (i, (v_in, v_out)) in slots.into_iter().enumerate() { - src_v_in.push(v_in); - active_inputs.push(apply_mask(&mut cb, i, v_out)); - } - } - Framing::IndependentRealistic => { - for (i, src) in independent_sources.iter().enumerate() { - let (vi, ids) = add_inner_verifier(&config, &vparams, &mut cb, src); - num_in_circuit_verifiers += 1; // one verifier per source - let v_in = vi.air_public_targets[0][0]; - let v_out = vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - verifier_inputs.push(vi); - verifier_op_ids.push(ids); - src_v_in.push(v_in); - active_inputs.push(apply_mask(&mut cb, i, v_out)); - } - } - } - assert_eq!(src_v_in.len(), MAX_IN_COINS, "8 source slots surfaced"); - - // 3. IVC carry select (Probe R thread), IDENTICAL across framings: thread - // pred_v_out through a select gate bound to source[0]'s v_in (committed - // carry work; value-semantics proven in Probe R, COST modelled here). - let pred_v_out = pred_vi.air_public_targets[0][1]; - let carry = cb.select(active_inputs[0], src_v_in[0], pred_v_out); - let _ = carry; - - let circuit = cb.build().expect("aggregator circuit builds"); - let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let witness_count = circuit.public_flat_len; - - // --- compile to tables ------------------------------------------------- - let table_packing = TablePacking::new(1, 8); - let npo_prep: Vec>> = vec![ - Box::new(Poseidon2Preprocessor), - Box::new(RecomposePreprocessor::default()), - ]; - let mut air_builders = poseidon2_air_builders::<_, D>(); - air_builders.extend(recompose_air_builders(1, false)); - let (airs_degrees, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns) = - get_airs_and_degrees_with_prep::( - &circuit, - &table_packing, - &npo_prep, - &air_builders, - ConstraintProfile::Standard, - ) - .expect("airs and degrees for aggregator"); - let (airs, degrees): (Vec<_>, Vec) = airs_degrees.into_iter().unzip(); - - // --- pack public/private inputs (allocation order) --------------------- - // The predecessor verifier inputs come first; then for each source slot the - // verifier inputs followed by that slot's `active` public input — except in - // the batched framing where the 8 sources share ONE verifier-inputs builder - // whose 8 public-value groups precede the 8 interleaved `active` bits. - let active_bits: Vec = (0..MAX_IN_COINS).map(|_| Challenge::ONE).collect(); // worst case: all 8 active - - let (mut pubs, mut privs) = - pred_vi.pack_values(&predecessor.pvs, &predecessor.proof, predecessor.common()); - - match framing { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { - // ONE verifier-inputs builder packs all 8 source public-value groups. - let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); - let vi = &verifier_inputs[0]; - let (s_pub, s_priv) = vi.pack_values(&bundle.pvs, &bundle.proof, bundle.common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - // Then the 8 `active` public inputs (allocated after the verifier). - for &bit in &active_bits { - pubs.push(bit); - } - } - Framing::IndependentRealistic => { - // Per source: verifier inputs, then that slot's `active` bit. - for (i, vi) in verifier_inputs.iter().enumerate() { - let src = &independent_sources[i]; - let (s_pub, s_priv) = vi.pack_values(&src.pvs, &src.proof, src.common()); - pubs.extend(s_pub); - privs.extend(s_priv); - pubs.push(active_bits[i]); - } - } - } - - // witness-gen closure (fresh traces per prove; sets MMCS private data). - let run_witness = || { - let mut runner = circuit.runner(); - runner.set_public_inputs(&pubs).expect("set pub"); - runner.set_private_inputs(&privs).expect("set priv"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &pred_op_ids, &predecessor); - match framing { - Framing::BatchedLowerBound => { - let bundle = batched_sources.as_ref().expect("batched bundle present"); - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, &verifier_op_ids[0], bundle); - } - Framing::IndependentRealistic => { - for (i, ids) in verifier_op_ids.iter().enumerate() { - set_mmcs_for(&mut runner, ids, &independent_sources[i]); - } - } - } - runner.run().expect("aggregator witness-gen") - }; - - let ext_degrees: Vec = degrees.iter().map(|&d| d + config.is_zk()).collect(); - let prover_data = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees(&config, &airs, &ext_degrees); - let circuit_prover_data = - CircuitProverData::new(prover_data, primitive_columns, non_primitive_columns); - let mut prover = BatchStarkProver::new(make_config(fri)).with_table_packing(table_packing); - prover.register_poseidon2_table::(Poseidon2Config::BABY_BEAR_D4_W16); - prover.register_recompose_table::(false); - - // --- cold STARK-prove + verify ----------------------------------------- - let traces = run_witness(); - let t_cold = Instant::now(); - let proof = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("STARK-prove aggregator recursion circuit"); - let cold_ms = t_cold.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - prover - .verify_all_tables(&proof) - .expect("verify aggregator recursion proof"); - - // --- warmup + warm p50/p90 over WARM_RUNS ------------------------------ - let traces_warm = run_witness(); - let _ = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_warm, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warmup prove"); - const WARM_RUNS: usize = 5; - let mut times = Vec::with_capacity(WARM_RUNS); - for _ in 0..WARM_RUNS { - let traces_run = run_witness(); - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prover - .prove_all_tables(&traces_run, &circuit_prover_data) - .expect("warm prove"); - times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - prover.verify_all_tables(&p).expect("warm verify"); - } - times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - - ProveResult { - build_ms, - cold_ms, - p50_ms: quantile(×, 0.50), - p90_ms: quantile(×, 0.90), - rss_mb: peak_rss_mb(), - witness_count, - num_in_circuit_verifiers, - } -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -/// Peak resident-set size in MB. `ru_maxrss` is BYTES on macOS (KB on Linux). -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Composition anchors (shared with Probe X). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -/// Probe T's single state-transition warm-prove (BabyBear + production FRI). -const PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS: f64 = 312.0; -/// Plonky3 node-side overhead outside the prove (serialization, DB, SMT, etc.). -const NODE_OVERHEAD_MS: f64 = 5600.0; -/// Plonky2 single-prove baseline (M5-class), warm p50. -const PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS: f64 = 4350.0; -/// Live populated `/api/send` Plonky2 prove incl. node overhead (R2 baseline). -const PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS: f64 = 10_000.0; -/// Probe X's flat 8+1 recursion-prove p50, non-zk (blowup-1). -const PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS: f64 = 4000.0; -/// Probe X's flat 8+1 recursion-prove p50, zk (blowup-2). -const PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS: f64 = 6700.0; - -fn probe_x_flat(fri: FriChoice) -> f64 { - match fri { - FriChoice::BenchBlowup1 => PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS, - FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2 => PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS, - } -} - -#[test] -fn probe_x_prime_batched_aggregator() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!( - "\n===== Probe X′: batched-aggregator lever test (8 same-vk sources + 1 predecessor) =====" - ); - println!("X'-a (lower bound): 8 sources as ONE batch proof, verified in-circuit ONCE."); - println!("X'-b (realistic) : 8 INDEPENDENT proofs (as in reality), one verifier each."); - println!("stage measured : STARK-PROVE of the recursion circuit (prove_all_tables)."); - println!("inner verifier : FriVerifierParams::with_mmcs (REAL in-circuit MMCS checks)."); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type}"); - println!(" -> SIMD packing active: {packing_active} (vs scalar {scalar_type})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Probe X anchor : flat 8+1 = {PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS:.0} ms non-zk / {PROBE_X_FLAT_ZK_MS:.0} ms zk" - ); - - let inner_rows = 1usize << 10; - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "inner carrier rows: {inner_rows} (1<<{}) | all {MAX_IN_COINS} source slots active (worst case)", - inner_rows.trailing_zeros() - ); - - let fris = [FriChoice::BenchBlowup1, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2]; - let framings = [Framing::BatchedLowerBound, Framing::IndependentRealistic]; - - // results[(framing_idx, fri_idx)] - let mut results: Vec<(Framing, FriChoice, ProveResult)> = Vec::new(); - for &framing in &framings { - for &fri in &fris { - println!("\n--- {} | FRI = {} ---", framing.tag(), fri.label()); - let r = prove_framing(fri, inner_rows, framing); - println!( - " in-circuit verifiers={} | build={:.1}ms cold={:.1}ms warm_p50={:.1}ms p90={:.1}ms rss={:.0}MB", - r.num_in_circuit_verifiers, r.build_ms, r.cold_ms, r.p50_ms, r.p90_ms, r.rss_mb - ); - println!(" circuit public_flat_len={}", r.witness_count); - results.push((framing, fri, r)); - } - } - - // --- results table ----------------------------------------------------- - println!("\n=========================== Probe X′ results (warm) =========================="); - println!( - "{:<30} {:<22} {:>4} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8}", - "framing", "FRI", "vfy", "cold", "p50", "p90", "rss_MB" - ); - for (framing, fri, r) in &results { - println!( - "{:<30} {:<22} {:>4} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.1} {:>8.0}", - framing.tag(), - fri.label(), - r.num_in_circuit_verifiers, - r.cold_ms, - r.p50_ms, - r.p90_ms, - r.rss_mb - ); - } - - // --- reduction factor vs Probe X flat 8+1, per framing × fri ----------- - println!("\n=================== reduction factor vs Probe X flat 8+1 ====================="); - let get = |fr: Framing, choice: FriChoice| -> &ProveResult { - &results - .iter() - .find(|(f, c, _)| { - *f == fr && core::mem::discriminant(c) == core::mem::discriminant(&choice) - }) - .expect("result present") - .2 - }; - for &framing in &framings { - for &fri in &fris { - let r = get(framing, fri); - let flat = probe_x_flat(fri); - let factor = flat / r.p50_ms; - println!( - "{:<30} {:<22} p50={:>7.0} ms vs flat {:>5.0} ms -> {:.2}x {}", - framing.tag(), - fri.label(), - r.p50_ms, - flat, - factor, - if factor >= 1.05 { - "REDUCTION" - } else if factor <= 0.95 { - "WORSE" - } else { - "~same as flat" - } - ); - } - } - - // --- recomposed full /api/send estimate, per framing ------------------- - println!("\n============= recomposed full /api/send (T + X′ + node overhead) ============="); - println!( - "anchors: Probe T transition {PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS:.0} ms + node overhead {NODE_OVERHEAD_MS:.0} ms" - ); - println!( - "targets: beat Plonky2 single-prove {PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS:.0} ms AND live /api/send {PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS:.0} ms" - ); - for &framing in &framings { - for &fri in &fris { - let r = get(framing, fri); - let full = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + r.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; - let vs_live = if full < PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS { - format!( - "FASTER than live send ({:.2}x)", - PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / full - ) - } else { - format!( - "SLOWER than live send ({:.2}x)", - full / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS - ) - }; - println!( - "{:<30} {:<22} full send = {:>7.0} ms ({})", - framing.tag(), - fri.label(), - full, - vs_live - ); - } - } - - // --- the honest verdict ----------------------------------------------- - let a_nonzk = get(Framing::BatchedLowerBound, FriChoice::BenchBlowup1); - let b_nonzk = get(Framing::IndependentRealistic, FriChoice::BenchBlowup1); - let a_factor = PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS / a_nonzk.p50_ms; - let b_factor = PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS / b_nonzk.p50_ms; - let b_full = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS + b_nonzk.p50_ms + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; - - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE =================================="); - println!( - "X'-a batched lower bound (non-zk): {:.0} ms = {:.2}x reduction vs flat {:.0} ms.", - a_nonzk.p50_ms, a_factor, PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS - ); - println!( - "X'-b realistic independent (non-zk): {:.0} ms = {:.2}x vs flat {:.0} ms.", - b_nonzk.p50_ms, b_factor, PROBE_X_FLAT_NONZK_MS - ); - println!( - "in-circuit verifiers: X'-a = {} (one 8-instance + predecessor), X'-b = {} (flat 8+1).", - a_nonzk.num_in_circuit_verifiers, b_nonzk.num_in_circuit_verifiers - ); - - // Is the same-vk amortization realisable for the SEND path? Only if X′-b - // (the realistic, independent-proof framing) — not just X′-a — beats flat. - const REALISABLE_BAND: f64 = 1.10; // >10% off flat counts as a real saving - let b_amortizes = b_factor >= REALISABLE_BAND; - let a_amortizes = a_factor >= REALISABLE_BAND; - - println!("\nIs same-vk verifier amortization GENUINELY achievable via the API?"); - if a_amortizes && !b_amortizes { - println!( - " X'-a shows the batched verifier IS cheaper ({:.2}x) — but ONLY when the 8 sources", - a_factor - ); - println!(" are proved as one batch. X'-b (independent proofs, as in reality) is ~flat:"); - println!( - " {:.2}x. The API verifies one BatchProof per `verify_batch_circuit` (each carries its", - b_factor - ); - println!( - " own commitment + FRI opening proof), so INDEPENDENT same-vk proofs CANNOT share" - ); - println!( - " the in-circuit verifier. In the real protocol the 8 sources come from different" - ); - println!( - " prior transactions, proved at different times — they are NOT one batch and cannot" - ); - println!(" be retroactively re-batched without re-proving them."); - println!( - "\n VERDICT: batching does NOT rescue the send-side speed case. The batched floor" - ); - println!( - " (X'-a) is unreachable for /api/send. The realistic figure (X'-b) ≈ Probe X, so the" - ); - let b_full_zk = PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS - + get(Framing::IndependentRealistic, FriChoice::BenchZkBlowup2).p50_ms - + NODE_OVERHEAD_MS; - println!( - " recomposed full send is {:.0} ms non-zk / {:.0} ms zk — a WASH vs Plonky2's live {:.0} ms", - b_full, b_full_zk, PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS - ); - println!( - " (non-zk {:.2}x, within noise) and a LOSS in true-ZK ({:.2}x slower); both are far above", - PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS / b_full, - b_full_zk / PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS - ); - println!( - " Plonky2's {:.0} ms single-prove. The Probe-T transition win ({:.0} ms) is swamped by the", - PLONKY2_SINGLE_MS, PROBE_T_TRANSITION_MS - ); - println!(" 8-source recursion. The only live send-side lever is reducing MAX_IN_COINS"); - println!(" (fewer in-coins per send) — NOT same-vk batching, which is unreachable here."); - } else if b_amortizes { - println!( - " X'-b (realistic, independent proofs) ALSO beats flat: {:.2}x. The recursion API DOES", - b_factor - ); - println!( - " let independent same-vk proofs share verifier structure — a genuine send-side win." - ); - println!( - " Recomposed realistic full send = {:.0} ms vs Plonky2 live {:.0} ms.", - b_full, PLONKY2_LIVE_SEND_MS - ); - } else { - println!( - " Neither framing beats flat materially (X'-a {:.2}x, X'-b {:.2}x): batching the same-vk", - a_factor, b_factor - ); - println!( - " verifier structure does not reduce the STARK-prove cost. The cost is in the FRI" - ); - println!(" opening work, which scales with the number of distinct openings regardless of"); - println!(" packaging. Batching does NOT rescue the send case; MAX_IN_COINS is the lever."); - } - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Test passes on successful measurement + verification (verdict is data). - assert_eq!( - results.len(), - framings.len() * fris.len(), - "all framings × FRI measured" - ); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 09e89bdf..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_y_cold_start.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,466 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe Y — COLD-START pipeline cost for the representative zkCoins circuit. -//! -//! # What this probe answers -//! -//! "When the zkCoins node boots and proves its FIRST circuit on Plonky3 + -//! BabyBear under TRUE production cryptography, how long until that first proof -//! is ready, and how does that cold path compare to Plonky2's cold path?" -//! -//! Plonky2's cold path on the real circuit (M5 Max baseline) is: -//! -//! * **circuit build / preprocessing : 8.2 s** — Plonky2 compiles a gate -//! circuit: it builds the `CircuitData`, runs the gate-placement / -//! witness-generator wiring, computes the constant/sigma polynomials and the -//! prover/verifier key. That is a one-time-per-process cost paid before any -//! proof can be produced. -//! * **first (cold) prove : 6.1 s** — the first `prove()` is slower -//! than the warm steady state (4.35 s p50) because allocators, FFT twiddle -//! caches and the thread pool are cold. -//! * **cold total : 14.4 s** — build + first-prove: the real -//! wall-clock latency from "node started" to "first proof emitted". -//! -//! # The honest point this probe makes -//! -//! A FRI-STARK over an AIR (Plonky3) has **no circuit-compilation step**. There -//! is nothing analogous to Plonky2's `CircuitBuilder::build()` gate-routing and -//! key-generation pass. The Plonky3 "build" is just: -//! -//! 1. constructing the hasher / compression / MMCS / PCS / challenger structs -//! (`build_config`) — a handful of `::new()` calls, no proving-system work; -//! 2. sampling the Poseidon2 round constants for the AIR (`build_hash_air`) — -//! one RNG fill; -//! 3. (for the batched proof) `ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees` — the closest -//! thing to "keygen": it derives the symbolic constraints, lookups and -//! quotient-degree metadata per table. This is the ONLY non-trivial cold -//! setup cost, and it is still small. -//! -//! So the cold-start win for Plonky3 should be LARGE, and this probe quantifies -//! it precisely: wall-time of (config+AIR build), of `ProverData` keygen, of the -//! cold first-prove, and of the cold total, each measured separately, against -//! the 14.4 s Plonky2 cold path. -//! -//! # Proxy boundary (identical to Probe T) -//! -//! This is the Probe T cost-faithful representative circuit — degree-7 -//! Poseidon2 hash table (~4500 perms) + degree-3 arithmetic table at the -//! realistic 2^13 anchor — under the verbatim production-crypto config -//! (HidingFriPcs, Keccak-hiding MMCS, FRI `new_benchmark_zk`). It reproduces -//! the real circuit's prove-cost DRIVERS, NOT its business semantics (no -//! balance / nullifier / SMT-membership logic). The cold-start *shape* it -//! measures — "no gate-circuit compilation, only config + round-constant + -//! keygen setup" — is a structural property of the Plonky3 prover, so it holds -//! for the real port regardless of the exact table layout. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on a successful cold measurement + verification of the cold proof. -//! The faster/slower cold-start verdict vs Plonky2 (14.4 s) is a REPORTED -//! finding. The single hard expectation we assert is structural, not a -//! threshold: the Plonky3 "build" (config + AIR + keygen) is a small fraction of -//! Plonky2's 8.2 s circuit-build — asserted loosely (build < 8.2 s) so a -//! regression that reintroduced a multi-second preprocessing cost would fail. - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Crypto config (Probe T / V recipe — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; // 4 -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; // 13 -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; // 8 perms / row -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; // 7 -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; - -type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Real-circuit cost anchors + Plonky2 COLD baseline (M5 Max). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -/// Realistic non-hash arith table height (Probe T anchor: 2^13 already -/// over-covers the real ~50k non-hash gates). -const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; - -/// Plonky2 COLD path on the real zkCoins circuit (M5 Max). -const PLONKY2_BUILD_MS: f64 = 8200.0; // gate-circuit compile + keygen -const PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS: f64 = 6100.0; // first prove (cold caches) -const PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS: f64 = 14400.0; // build + first prove - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Non-hash arithmetic AIR — Probe T's degree-3 cost model (verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Multi-table enum AIR for the batched proof (Probe T's `TableAir`, verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - HashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -fn peak_rss_mb() -> f64 { - let mut usage: libc::rusage = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }; - let rc = unsafe { libc::getrusage(libc::RUSAGE_SELF, &mut usage) }; - assert_eq!(rc, 0, "getrusage failed"); - let max_rss = usage.ru_maxrss as f64; - if cfg!(target_os = "macos") { - max_rss / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } else { - (max_rss * 1024.0) / (1u64 << 20) as f64 - } -} - -fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -#[test] -fn probe_y_cold_start() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n================ Probe Y: COLD-START pipeline (representative circuit) ========="); - println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload (hash count + gate count + area +"); - println!("degree-7 + ZK commitment). NOT a semantic port. Cold-start SHAPE (no gate-circuit"); - println!("compilation, only config+round-constant+keygen setup) is structural — holds for"); - println!("the real port regardless of table layout."); - println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS |"); - println!(" HidingFriPcs num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2)"); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!( - "Plonky2 COLD path : build {PLONKY2_BUILD_MS:.0} ms + first-prove {PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS:.0} ms" - ); - println!( - " = cold-total {PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS:.0} ms (real circuit, M5 Max)" - ); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // ==================================================================== - // STEP 1 — config + AIR build (the Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's 8.2 s - // gate-circuit compilation). This is JUST hasher/PCS `::new()` calls + - // one RNG round-constant fill: no proving-system preprocessing. - // ==================================================================== - let t_cfg = Instant::now(); - let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); - let config_ms = t_cfg.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - - let t_air = Instant::now(); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - let air_ms = t_air.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - - println!("[1] config build : {config_ms:>8.3} ms (hasher/MMCS/PCS/challenger ::new())"); - println!("[1] AIR round-consts : {air_ms:>8.3} ms (Poseidon2 RoundConstants::from_rng)"); - - // ==================================================================== - // STEP 2 — trace generation for both tables. This is witness work, not - // circuit build, but it is part of the cold critical path (the node - // must fill the trace before its first proof), so it is timed and - // reported separately and NOT folded into the "build" number. - // ==================================================================== - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; - let t_tr = Instant::now(); - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); - let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); - let tracegen_ms = t_tr.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - let hash_rows = hash_trace.height(); - let arith_rows = arith_trace.height(); - println!( - "[2] trace generation : {tracegen_ms:>8.3} ms (hash {hash_rows} rows + arith {arith_rows} rows)" - ); - - // ==================================================================== - // STEP 3 — ProverData keygen: the ONLY non-trivial cold setup. Derives - // per-table symbolic constraints / lookups / quotient-degree metadata. - // This is the closest Plonky3 analog of Plonky2's keygen. - // ==================================================================== - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - let t_kg = Instant::now(); - let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - &config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let keygen_ms = t_kg.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - println!( - "[3] ProverData keygen : {keygen_ms:>8.3} ms (symbolic constraints/lookups/quotient deg)" - ); - - // Total Plonky3 "build" = the cold one-time setup BEFORE the first proof: - // config + AIR + keygen. (Trace generation is per-proof work, reported - // separately; including it would be apples-to-oranges vs Plonky2's - // circuit-build which excludes witness generation.) - let build_total_ms = config_ms + air_ms + keygen_ms; - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - println!( - "[=] Plonky3 BUILD total: {build_total_ms:>8.3} ms (config {config_ms:.3} + AIR {air_ms:.3} + keygen {keygen_ms:.3})" - ); - println!( - " vs Plonky2 build : {PLONKY2_BUILD_MS:.0} ms -> {:.0}x smaller", - PLONKY2_BUILD_MS / build_total_ms.max(f64::MIN_POSITIVE) - ); - - // ==================================================================== - // STEP 4 — COLD first prove (NO warmup): the genuine first-proof - // latency with cold allocator / FFT-twiddle / thread-pool state. - // ==================================================================== - let common = &prover_data.common; - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); - - let t_prove = Instant::now(); - let proof = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - let cold_prove_ms = t_prove.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - - // ==================================================================== - // STEP 5 — verify the cold proof (correctness gate). - // ==================================================================== - let t_ver = Instant::now(); - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe Y cold proof must verify"); - let verify_ms = t_ver.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3; - - let rss_mb = peak_rss_mb(); - - println!("[4] COLD first-prove : {cold_prove_ms:>8.1} ms (no warmup; cold caches/allocator)"); - println!("[5] verify : {verify_ms:>8.1} ms"); - println!("[=] peak RSS : {rss_mb:>8.0} MB"); - - // ==================================================================== - // Cold-total: build + trace-gen + cold-prove = "node start -> first - // proof emitted". Reported two ways: build+prove (apples-to-apples with - // Plonky2's 14.4 s which is build+first-prove and excludes tracegen), - // and build+tracegen+prove (the true wall-clock latency). - // ==================================================================== - let cold_total_ms = build_total_ms + cold_prove_ms; - let cold_total_with_tracegen_ms = build_total_ms + tracegen_ms + cold_prove_ms; - - println!("\n========================= Probe Y cold-start results =========================="); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>12} {:>14}", - "stage", "Plonky3 (ms)", "Plonky2 (ms)" - ); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>12.3} {:>14.0}", - "build (config+AIR+keygen)", build_total_ms, PLONKY2_BUILD_MS - ); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>12.1} {:>14.0}", - "first (cold) prove", cold_prove_ms, PLONKY2_COLD_PROVE_MS - ); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>12.1} {:>14.0}", - "cold-total (build + first-prove)", cold_total_ms, PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS - ); - println!( - "{:<34} {:>12.3} {:>14}", - " (+ trace-gen, true latency)", cold_total_with_tracegen_ms, "-" - ); - - println!("\n=============================== BOTTOM LINE ==================================="); - println!( - "Plonky3 BUILD = {build_total_ms:.3} ms vs Plonky2 8200 ms: Plonky3 has NO gate-circuit" - ); - println!( - "compilation step. The only non-trivial cold cost is ProverData keygen ({keygen_ms:.3} ms);" - ); - println!("config + round-constants are sub-millisecond. The 8.2 s Plonky2 preprocessing pass"); - println!("simply does not exist in a FRI-STARK-over-AIR prover."); - let (verdict, factor) = if cold_total_ms < PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS { - ("FASTER", PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS / cold_total_ms) - } else { - ("SLOWER", cold_total_ms / PLONKY2_COLD_TOTAL_MS) - }; - println!( - "COLD-START VERDICT: Plonky3 cold-total {cold_total_ms:.0} ms is {verdict} than Plonky2" - ); - println!(" 14400 ms by {factor:.2}x. The win is dominated by the eliminated 8.2 s build."); - println!("Cold first-prove ({cold_prove_ms:.0} ms) vs Plonky2 6100 ms is the remaining piece;"); - println!("the warm steady state (Probe T) is the per-proof number, this is the boot latency."); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Structural assertion: the Plonky3 build is a SMALL fraction of Plonky2's - // 8.2 s gate-circuit compile. We assert it is under that 8.2 s (a regression - // reintroducing multi-second preprocessing would fail); the real result is - // expected to be orders of magnitude smaller and is reported above, not - // gated, to avoid a flaky tight threshold. - assert!( - build_total_ms < PLONKY2_BUILD_MS, - "Plonky3 build {build_total_ms:.1} ms unexpectedly >= Plonky2's 8200 ms gate-circuit build" - ); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} diff --git a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs b/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 437bc68e..00000000 --- a/spikes/plonky3-recursion-spike/tests/probe_z_verifier.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,435 +0,0 @@ -//! Probe Z — prove-vs-VERIFY asymmetry + on-chain / recursive verifier sketch. -//! -//! # What this probe measures -//! -//! For the Probe T representative circuit (degree-7 Poseidon2 hash table + -//! degree-3 arith table, batched under HidingFriPcs / Keccak-hiding MMCS / FRI -//! `new_benchmark_zk`), it measures the three numbers that characterise the -//! prover/verifier asymmetry of a FRI-STARK: -//! -//! 1. **verify() wall-time** — p50 over several `verify_batch` runs of the -//! representative proof (warm). -//! 2. **serialized proof size** — the `BatchProof` `bincode`-serialized, in -//! bytes. This is what the node persists and what a recursion layer must -//! re-hash and re-check. -//! 3. **prove ÷ verify ratio** — how much cheaper verification is than proving. -//! -//! # Why the asymmetry matters for zkCoins (the on-chain / recursive sketch) -//! -//! ## zkCoins does NOT verify proofs on Bitcoin. -//! -//! This is the load-bearing honesty point and it is cross-referenced from Doc 2 -//! (wire/storage format). Bitcoin has no general STARK verifier opcode and -//! zkCoins does not attempt one. The ON-CHAIN footprint of a zkCoins state -//! transition is a **Schnorr-signed inscription** committing to the new state -//! root — a constant-size signature + commitment, NOT a proof verification. The -//! chain witnesses *that a transition was authorised*, not *that the proof is -//! valid*. So "verify cost on Bitcoin" is **N/A by design** — there is no -//! in-consensus verifier to cost. -//! -//! ## Where the verifier actually runs — two places, both measured/cited here. -//! -//! * **(A) Native node-side verify.** The zkCoins node verifies each proof -//! before accepting/relaying a transition. This is exactly the -//! `verify_batch` wall-time this probe measures (the p50 below). It runs once -//! per transition on commodity CPU and is the cheap leg of the asymmetry. -//! -//! * **(B) In-circuit / recursive verify.** zkCoins aggregates transitions by -//! RECURSION: each layer's circuit *verifies the previous layer's proof -//! inside the AIR*. That in-circuit verifier is NOT the native verify measured -//! here — it is a circuit that re-expresses FRI/Merkle/Poseidon2 checks as -//! constraints, and its cost is the *proving* cost of the next layer. That -//! cost is quantified by **Probe X** (the full aggregator carrier chain) and -//! the recursion cost-projection probes (I/R). The relevant takeaway from -//! THIS probe for recursion is: **every recursion layer pays one verify's -//! worth of work, re-expressed as constraints**, and it must re-hash a proof -//! of the size measured below. A small native-verify + a compact proof are -//! exactly what keep the per-layer recursion overhead bounded. -//! -//! ## Future light-client / on-chain-verification ambition. -//! -//! If zkCoins ever wanted real on-chain or light-client verification (e.g. a -//! covenant-enabled Bitcoin soft-fork, or an EVM/L2 verifier contract), the -//! cost that matters is the native verify measured here PLUS the proof size: -//! a light client downloads the proof (the byte count below) and runs the -//! verifier (the p50 below). A STARK proof is large (tens-to-hundreds of KB) -//! relative to a Groth16 SNARK (~200 B), so a STARK light-client pays in -//! bandwidth, not in verifier time. This probe reports the exact bytes so that -//! tradeoff is grounded in a measured number, not a guess. (A succinct on-chain -//! story would require a final SNARK-wrap layer — out of scope here; flagged.) -//! -//! # Proxy boundary -//! -//! Same as Probe T: cost-faithful representative workload, NOT a semantic port. -//! The verify cost and proof size scale with the committed trace area + FRI -//! query count + proof openings, which this workload reproduces; they do not -//! depend on the business meaning of the constraints. -//! -//! # Verdict policy -//! -//! PASSES on successful measurement + verification. The verify p50, proof size -//! and ratio are REPORTED findings. Hard asserts: the proof verifies, and a -//! TAMPERED proof is rejected (a verifier that accepts garbage is worthless — -//! we corrupt one serialized byte and require `verify_batch` to fail). - -use std::sync::Arc; -use std::time::Instant; - -use p3_air::{Air, AirBuilder, BaseAir, WindowAccess}; -use p3_baby_bear::{ - BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16, - BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE, BabyBear, GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, -}; -use p3_batch_stark::{ - BatchProof, ProverData, StarkGenericConfig, StarkInstance, prove_batch, verify_batch, -}; -use p3_challenger::{HashChallenger, SerializingChallenger32}; -use p3_commit::ExtensionMmcs; -use p3_field::extension::BinomialExtensionField; -use p3_field::{Field, PrimeCharacteristicRing}; -use p3_fri::{FriParameters, HidingFriPcs}; -use p3_keccak::{Keccak256Hash, KeccakF}; -use p3_matrix::Matrix; -use p3_matrix::dense::RowMajorMatrix; -use p3_merkle_tree::MerkleTreeHidingMmcs; -use p3_poseidon2_air::{RoundConstants, VectorizedPoseidon2Air}; -use p3_symmetric::{CompressionFunctionFromHasher, PaddingFreeSponge, SerializingHasher}; -use p3_uni_stark::StarkConfig; -use rand::SeedableRng; -use rand::rngs::SmallRng; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Crypto config (Probe T recipe — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const WIDTH: usize = 16; -const HALF_FULL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_HALF_FULL_ROUNDS; -const PARTIAL_ROUNDS: usize = BABYBEAR_POSEIDON2_PARTIAL_ROUNDS_16; -const VECTOR_LEN: usize = 1 << 3; -const SBOX_DEGREE: u64 = BABYBEAR_S_BOX_DEGREE; -const SBOX_REGISTERS: usize = 1; - -type Val = BabyBear; -type Challenge = BinomialExtensionField; - -type ByteHash = Keccak256Hash; -type U64Hash = PaddingFreeSponge; -type FieldHash = SerializingHasher; -type MyCompress = CompressionFunctionFromHasher; -type ValMmcs = MerkleTreeHidingMmcs< - [Val; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - [u64; p3_keccak::VECTOR_LEN], - FieldHash, - MyCompress, - SmallRng, - 2, - 4, - 4, ->; -type ChallengeMmcs = ExtensionMmcs; -type Challenger = SerializingChallenger32>; -type Dft = p3_dft::Radix2DitParallel; -type Pcs = HidingFriPcs; -type MyConfig = StarkConfig; - -type HashAir = VectorizedPoseidon2Air< - Val, - GenericPoseidon2LinearLayersBabyBear, - WIDTH, - SBOX_DEGREE, - SBOX_REGISTERS, - HALF_FULL_ROUNDS, - PARTIAL_ROUNDS, - VECTOR_LEN, ->; - -const REAL_HASH_PERMS: usize = 4500; -const ARITH_HEIGHT: usize = 1 << 13; - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Non-hash arithmetic AIR (Probe T — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -const ARITH_WIDTH: usize = 16; - -#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] -struct ArithAir; - -impl BaseAir for ArithAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - ARITH_WIDTH - } -} - -impl Air for ArithAir { - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - let main = builder.main(); - let local = main.current_slice().to_vec(); - let next = main.next_slice().to_vec(); - let mut t = builder.when_transition(); - for i in 0..8 { - let x: AB::Expr = local[i + 1].into(); - let x3 = x.clone() * x.clone() * x; - t.assert_eq(next[i], x3); - } - for j in 0..4 { - let coupled: AB::Expr = local[j].into() + local[8 + j].into(); - t.assert_eq(next[8 + j], coupled); - } - } -} - -fn arith_trace(height: usize) -> RowMajorMatrix { - assert!(height.is_power_of_two()); - let mut values = vec![Val::ZERO; height * ARITH_WIDTH]; - for (c, slot) in values.iter_mut().enumerate().take(ARITH_WIDTH) { - *slot = Val::from_u64((c as u64) + 1); - } - for r in 1..height { - let (prev, cur) = values.split_at_mut(r * ARITH_WIDTH); - let prev = &prev[(r - 1) * ARITH_WIDTH..r * ARITH_WIDTH]; - let cur = &mut cur[..ARITH_WIDTH]; - for i in 0..8 { - let x = prev[i + 1]; - cur[i] = x * x * x; - } - for j in 0..4 { - cur[8 + j] = prev[j] + prev[8 + j]; - } - for (k, slot) in cur.iter_mut().enumerate().skip(12) { - *slot = prev[k] + Val::ONE; - } - } - RowMajorMatrix::new(values, ARITH_WIDTH) -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Multi-table enum AIR (Probe T — verbatim). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -#[derive(Clone)] -enum TableAir { - Hash(Arc), - Arith(ArithAir), -} - -impl BaseAir for TableAir { - fn width(&self) -> usize { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => BaseAir::::width(a.as_ref()), - TableAir::Arith(a) => BaseAir::::width(a), - } - } -} - -impl> Air for TableAir -where - HashAir: Air, - ArithAir: Air, -{ - fn eval(&self, builder: &mut AB) { - match self { - TableAir::Hash(a) => a.as_ref().eval(builder), - TableAir::Arith(a) => a.eval(builder), - } - } -} - -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -// Config + helpers (Probe T recipe). -// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -fn build_config() -> (MyConfig, usize) { - let byte_hash = ByteHash {}; - let u64_hash = U64Hash::new(KeccakF {}); - let field_hash = FieldHash::new(u64_hash); - let compress = MyCompress::new(u64_hash); - let val_mmcs = ValMmcs::new(field_hash, compress, 0, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(2)); - let challenge_mmcs = ChallengeMmcs::new(val_mmcs.clone()); - let fri_params = FriParameters::new_benchmark_zk(challenge_mmcs); - let log_blowup = fri_params.log_blowup; - let dft = Dft::default(); - let pcs = Pcs::new(dft, val_mmcs, fri_params, 4, SmallRng::seed_from_u64(3)); - let challenger = Challenger::from_hasher(vec![], byte_hash); - (MyConfig::new(pcs, challenger), log_blowup) -} - -fn build_hash_air() -> HashAir { - let mut rng = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(1); - VectorizedPoseidon2Air::new(RoundConstants::from_rng(&mut rng)) -} - -fn next_pow2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.max(2).next_power_of_two() -} - -fn log2(n: usize) -> usize { - n.trailing_zeros() as usize -} - -fn quantile(sorted: &[f64], q: f64) -> f64 { - if sorted.is_empty() { - return f64::NAN; - } - let rank = (q * sorted.len() as f64).ceil() as usize; - sorted[rank.saturating_sub(1).min(sorted.len() - 1)] -} - -const PROVE_RUNS: usize = 5; -const VERIFY_RUNS: usize = 20; - -#[test] -fn probe_z_verifier() { - let packing_type = core::any::type_name::<::Packing>(); - let scalar_type = core::any::type_name::(); - let packing_active = packing_type != scalar_type && !packing_type.ends_with("BabyBear"); - let threads = rayon::current_num_threads(); - - println!("\n============= Probe Z: prove-vs-verify asymmetry + on-chain sketch ============"); - println!("PROXY BOUNDARY: Probe T cost-faithful workload. NOT a semantic port."); - println!("config: VectorizedPoseidon2Air | Keccak-hiding MMCS | HidingFriPcs"); - println!( - " num_random_codewords=4 (TRUE ZK) | FRI new_benchmark_zk (blowup=2,100q,16-bit PoW)" - ); - println!("BabyBear::Packing : {packing_type} (SIMD active: {packing_active})"); - println!("rayon threads : {threads}"); - println!("------------------------------------------------------------------------------"); - - // --- Build the representative batched proof (the same shape as Probe T's - // realistic 2^13 anchor). ---------------------------------------------- - let (config, log_blowup) = build_config(); - let hash_air = Arc::new(build_hash_air()); - assert_eq!(log_blowup, 2, "new_benchmark_zk must be blowup-2"); - - let hash_perms_capacity = next_pow2(REAL_HASH_PERMS.div_ceil(VECTOR_LEN)) * VECTOR_LEN; - let hash_trace = hash_air.generate_vectorized_trace_rows(hash_perms_capacity, log_blowup); - let arith_trace = arith_trace(ARITH_HEIGHT); - println!( - "circuit: hash {} rows (degree-7) + arith {} rows (2^{}); batched prove_batch", - hash_trace.height(), - arith_trace.height(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) - ); - - let airs = [TableAir::Hash(hash_air.clone()), TableAir::Arith(ArithAir)]; - let prover_data: ProverData = ProverData::from_airs_and_degrees( - &config, - &airs, - &[ - log2(hash_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - log2(arith_trace.height()) + config.is_zk(), - ], - ); - let common = &prover_data.common; - let pvs = vec![vec![], vec![]]; - let traces: [&RowMajorMatrix; 2] = [&hash_trace, &arith_trace]; - let instances = StarkInstance::new_multiple(&airs, &traces, &pvs); - - // --- Measure PROVE (warm p50) ------------------------------------------ - let _ = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); // warmup - let mut prove_times = Vec::with_capacity(PROVE_RUNS); - let mut proof: Option> = None; - for _ in 0..PROVE_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - let p = prove_batch(&config, &instances, &prover_data); - prove_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - proof = Some(p); - } - let proof = proof.unwrap(); - prove_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let prove_p50 = quantile(&prove_times, 0.50); - - // Correctness gate. - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("Probe Z proof must verify"); - - // --- Measure VERIFY (warm p50 over many runs) -------------------------- - // Verify is fast, so we take more samples for a stable p50. - let _ = verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common); // warmup - let mut verify_times = Vec::with_capacity(VERIFY_RUNS); - for _ in 0..VERIFY_RUNS { - let t = Instant::now(); - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof, &pvs, common).expect("verify must succeed"); - verify_times.push(t.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3); - } - verify_times.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()); - let verify_p50 = quantile(&verify_times, 0.50); - let verify_p90 = quantile(&verify_times, 0.90); - let verify_min = verify_times[0]; - - // --- Serialized proof size --------------------------------------------- - let proof_bytes = bincode::serialize(&proof).expect("serialize BatchProof"); - let proof_len = proof_bytes.len(); - - // Round-trip + tampering check (verifier soundness gate). - let proof_rt: BatchProof = - bincode::deserialize(&proof_bytes).expect("deserialize BatchProof"); - verify_batch(&config, &airs, &proof_rt, &pvs, common).expect("round-tripped proof must verify"); - - // Corrupt one byte in the middle of the blob; the deserialized proof must - // fail to verify (or fail to deserialize). A verifier that accepts a - // tampered proof is unsound. - let mut tampered = proof_bytes.clone(); - let mid = tampered.len() / 2; - tampered[mid] ^= 0xFF; - let tamper_rejected = match bincode::deserialize::>(&tampered) { - Ok(bad) => verify_batch(&config, &airs, &bad, &pvs, common).is_err(), - Err(_) => true, // failed to deserialize == rejected - }; - - // --- prove / verify ratio ---------------------------------------------- - let ratio = prove_p50 / verify_p50; - - println!("\n========================= Probe Z results ===================================="); - println!("prove warm p50 : {prove_p50:>10.2} ms (batched, both tables)"); - println!( - "verify warm p50 : {verify_p50:>10.2} ms (p90 {verify_p90:.2} / min {verify_min:.2})" - ); - println!("prove / verify : {ratio:>10.1}x (verify is {ratio:.0}x cheaper than prove)"); - println!( - "proof size : {proof_len:>10} bytes ({:.1} KB, bincode of BatchProof)", - proof_len as f64 / 1024.0 - ); - println!("tamper rejected : {tamper_rejected} (1-byte corruption must fail verify)"); - - println!("\n============== on-chain / recursive verifier sketch (HONEST) ================="); - println!("zkCoins does NOT verify proofs on Bitcoin. On-chain = a Schnorr inscription"); - println!("committing the new state root (constant-size sig+commitment, see Doc 2). There is"); - println!("NO in-consensus STARK verifier to cost: on-chain verify cost = N/A by design."); - println!("The verifier runs in TWO places:"); - println!(" (A) NATIVE node-side verify : {verify_p50:.2} ms per transition (measured above)."); - println!(" Cheap leg of the asymmetry; runs once per accepted/relayed transition."); - println!(" (B) IN-CIRCUIT / recursive verify : each recursion layer re-expresses FRI/Merkle/"); - println!(" Poseidon2 checks as constraints and PROVES them -> its cost is the next"); - println!(" layer's PROVING cost (quantified by Probe X + cost-projection I/R), NOT the"); - println!(" native verify here. Takeaway for recursion: every layer pays ~one verify's"); - println!( - " work as constraints AND must re-hash a {:.0} KB proof. Compact proof + cheap", - proof_len as f64 / 1024.0 - ); - println!(" native verify keep per-layer recursion overhead bounded."); - println!("Future light-client / on-chain ambition: a light client downloads the proof"); - println!( - " ({proof_len} B) and runs the verifier ({verify_p50:.2} ms). STARK proofs are LARGE vs a" - ); - println!(" ~200 B Groth16 SNARK, so the cost is BANDWIDTH not verifier-time. Real succinct"); - println!( - " on-chain verification would need a final SNARK-wrap layer (out of scope, flagged)." - ); - println!("==============================================================================\n"); - - // Hard asserts: the verifier is sound on this proof. - assert!( - verify_p50 > 0.0, - "verify must have measured a positive time" - ); - assert!(proof_len > 0, "serialized proof must be non-empty"); - assert!( - tamper_rejected, - "verifier accepted a tampered proof — UNSOUND" - ); - assert!( - ratio > 1.0, - "expected prove to cost more than verify (asymmetry), got ratio {ratio:.2}" - ); - #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")] - assert!( - packing_active, - "expected NEON-packed BabyBear, got {packing_type}" - ); -} From 12fa65c95782acbfbc6531f46d89dfa51154bb80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 13:22:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 18/19] =?UTF-8?q?feat(api):=20GET=20/api/history/{id}=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20per-transaction=20detail=20endpoint=20(TxDetail)=20?= =?UTF-8?q?(#218)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit The wallet's transaction-detail page needs more than the lean /api/history list row. Add a scoped detail endpoint that returns everything the node can derive for one account_history row without a schema change: - All HistoryItem core fields (txid/timestamp/direction/amount/status/ block_height/...), via the same history_row_to_item mapping so the two endpoints cannot drift. - The decoded account-state snapshot of the mutation: usable balance before/after (settled + coin_queue, mirroring balance_from_account_blob), the post-mutation num_sends (the wallet's authoritative BIP-32 child index), and the commitment public key (33-byte compressed hex). - The verifier circuit digest (proof-system identity) from circuit_digest_meta; a read failure degrades the field to null. - pending_inscriptions.commit_output_value when an inscription row exists (detail-only; the list query stays lean). Scoping: the row must match (id, address) AND have a user-facing source (mint/send/receive) — wrong-address or internal rows 404 identically, so ids cannot be enumerated across accounts. Malformed address or a non-integer/non-positive id is 422 (id parsed from the path as a string so the read surface keeps one validation contract; axum 0.7 would otherwise 400). Tests: handler-level unit tests for every branch (422 x5, 404 x2, 500 x2 incl corrupt-blob, 200 happy + digest), db-level tests for the scoped item query incl the inscription join, pure-fn tests for the decoders, api_remote live round-trip (mint -> list -> detail) + validation contract, openapi smoke (path + TxDetail schema). --- node/src/account_node_tests.rs | 1 + node/src/db.rs | 62 ++++++ node/src/db_tests.rs | 92 ++++++++ node/src/openapi.rs | 4 +- node/src/router.rs | 251 +++++++++++++++++++++ node/src/router_tests.rs | 392 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ node/tests/api_remote.rs | 115 ++++++++++ node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs | 8 +- 8 files changed, 923 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs index 02f584d2..898fd71d 100644 --- a/node/src/account_node_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/account_node_tests.rs @@ -1582,6 +1582,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_balance_from_coin_queue_only() { commit_txid: None, block_height: None, pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, }; let item = crate::router::history_row_to_item(&row).expect("item produced"); assert_eq!(item.id, 7); diff --git a/node/src/db.rs b/node/src/db.rs index bd91ea64..166ce61e 100644 --- a/node/src/db.rs +++ b/node/src/db.rs @@ -1544,6 +1544,65 @@ pub struct AccountHistoryRow { /// `commit_broadcast`, `reveal_broadcast`, `complete`, `failed`). /// `None` while `commit_txid` is `None`. pub pending_status: Option, + /// `pending_inscriptions.commit_output_value` for the matching + /// commit — the on-chain value (sats) locked in the commit output, + /// if a publisher inscription row exists. `None` for the list + /// (`list_account_history` does not select it to keep the page query + /// lean); populated only by [`get_account_history_item`], which the + /// transaction-detail endpoint uses. + pub commit_output_value: Option, +} + +/// Fetch a single user-facing `account_history` row by its `id`, scoped +/// to `address` so a caller can only read rows for an address it already +/// knows (the same scoping `/api/history` applies to the list). Returns +/// `Ok(None)` when no row matches `(id, address)` *or* the row's source +/// is internal (`scanner` / `recovery`) — the detail endpoint treats +/// both as "not found" so internal mutations stay unexposed. +/// +/// Unlike [`list_account_history`] this also selects +/// `pending_inscriptions.commit_output_value` (the detail endpoint +/// surfaces it; the list does not). +pub async fn get_account_history_item( + pool: &PgPool, + address: &[u8], + id: i64, +) -> sqlx::Result> { + use sqlx::Row; + let row = sqlx::query( + "SELECT ah.id, \ + EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM ah.changed_at)::BIGINT AS ts_secs, \ + ah.source, ah.prev_data, ah.new_data, \ + ah.triggering_commit_txid, \ + oi.block_height, \ + pi.status AS pending_status, \ + pi.commit_output_value \ + FROM account_history ah \ + LEFT JOIN observed_inscriptions oi \ + ON oi.commit_txid = ah.triggering_commit_txid \ + LEFT JOIN pending_inscriptions pi \ + ON pi.commit_txid = ah.triggering_commit_txid \ + WHERE ah.id = $1 \ + AND ah.address = $2 \ + AND ah.source IN ('mint','send','receive') \ + LIMIT 1", + ) + .bind(id) + .bind(address) + .fetch_optional(pool) + .await?; + + Ok(row.map(|r| AccountHistoryRow { + id: r.get("id"), + timestamp_secs: r.get("ts_secs"), + source: r.get("source"), + prev_data: r.get("prev_data"), + new_data: r.get("new_data"), + commit_txid: r.get("triggering_commit_txid"), + block_height: r.get("block_height"), + pending_status: r.get("pending_status"), + commit_output_value: r.get("commit_output_value"), + })) } /// Fetch the `limit` most recent user-facing `account_history` rows for @@ -1651,6 +1710,9 @@ pub async fn list_account_history( commit_txid: r.get("triggering_commit_txid"), block_height: r.get("block_height"), pending_status: r.get("pending_status"), + // The list query omits commit_output_value to stay lean; + // only the detail endpoint surfaces it. + commit_output_value: None, }) }) .collect(); diff --git a/node/src/db_tests.rs b/node/src/db_tests.rs index beb39f11..5fbdfd5c 100644 --- a/node/src/db_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/db_tests.rs @@ -1536,3 +1536,95 @@ async fn list_account_history_filters_scanner_and_recovery_in_sql() { "no scanner / recovery rows leak past the SQL filter" ); } + +// ---- get_account_history_item (tx-detail endpoint) ------------------------- + +#[tokio::test] +async fn get_account_history_item_fetches_scoped_row_with_inscription_join() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let address = [0x1au8; 32]; + let commit_txid = [0x77u8; 32]; + + // Plant an account_history row that carries a commit_txid, plus the + // matching pending_inscriptions row (commit_output_value = 12_345 via + // `seed_pending_row`) so the detail-only join column lights up. + let mut a = crate::account_node::Account::new(); + a.balance = 9_000; + let new_data = bincode::serialize(&a).expect("serialize account"); + let (id,): (i64,) = sqlx::query_as( + "INSERT INTO account_history \ + (address, prev_data, new_data, source, triggering_commit_txid) \ + VALUES ($1, NULL, $2, 'mint', $3) RETURNING id", + ) + .bind(&address[..]) + .bind(&new_data) + .bind(&commit_txid[..]) + .fetch_one(&pool) + .await + .expect("insert history row"); + seed_pending_row(&pool, &commit_txid, PENDING_STATUS_REVEAL_BROADCAST).await; + + let row = get_account_history_item(&pool, &address[..], id) + .await + .expect("query ok") + .expect("row found"); + assert_eq!(row.id, id); + assert_eq!(row.source, "mint"); + assert_eq!(row.commit_txid.as_deref(), Some(&commit_txid[..])); + assert_eq!( + row.commit_output_value, + Some(12_345), + "detail query surfaces pending_inscriptions.commit_output_value" + ); + assert_eq!(row.pending_status.as_deref(), Some("reveal_broadcast")); + let decoded: crate::account_node::Account = + bincode::deserialize(&row.new_data).expect("decode Account"); + assert_eq!(decoded.balance, 9_000); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn get_account_history_item_scopes_by_address_and_filters_internal() { + let scope = setup_pool().await; + let pool = scope.pool.clone(); + let address = [0x2bu8; 32]; + let other = [0x3cu8; 32]; + + plant_history_row(&pool, &address[..], "mint", 100, 10).await; + plant_history_row(&pool, &address[..], "scanner", 110, 5).await; + let (rows, _) = list_account_history(&pool, &address[..], 10, 0) + .await + .unwrap(); + let mint_id = rows[0].id; + + // Fetch with the right address — found. + assert!(get_account_history_item(&pool, &address[..], mint_id) + .await + .unwrap() + .is_some()); + // Same id, different address — scoped out (IDOR guard). + assert!(get_account_history_item(&pool, &other[..], mint_id) + .await + .unwrap() + .is_none()); + // Unknown id — None. + assert!( + get_account_history_item(&pool, &address[..], mint_id + 9_999) + .await + .unwrap() + .is_none() + ); + + // The scanner row exists in the table but is internal — fetch its id + // directly and assert the item query refuses to surface it. + let (scanner_id,): (i64,) = + sqlx::query_as("SELECT id FROM account_history WHERE address = $1 AND source = 'scanner'") + .bind(&address[..]) + .fetch_one(&pool) + .await + .expect("scanner row id"); + assert!(get_account_history_item(&pool, &address[..], scanner_id) + .await + .unwrap() + .is_none()); +} diff --git a/node/src/openapi.rs b/node/src/openapi.rs index 2607b6ce..ebdfca11 100644 --- a/node/src/openapi.rs +++ b/node/src/openapi.rs @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ use crate::router::{ BalanceResponse, BitcoinNetwork, Capabilities, CommitRequest, HistoryErrorResponse, HistoryItem, HistoryResponse, InfoResponse, JobErrorResponse, JobStatusResponse, LnurlErrorResponse, MintRequest, PublisherHealthErrorResponse, PublisherHealthResponse, - ReadyResponse, RootEndpoints, RootResponse, SendCoinRequest, SendCoinResponse, + ReadyResponse, RootEndpoints, RootResponse, SendCoinRequest, SendCoinResponse, TxDetail, UsernameResponse, }; @@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ pub const DOCS_HTML: &str = concat!( crate::router::info_handler, crate::router::get_balance_handler, crate::router::get_history_handler, + crate::router::get_history_item_handler, crate::router::jobs_mint_handler, crate::router::jobs_send_handler, crate::router::jobs_commit_handler, @@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ pub const DOCS_HTML: &str = concat!( HistoryResponse, HistoryItem, HistoryErrorResponse, + TxDetail, SendCoinRequest, SendCoinResponse, MintRequest, diff --git a/node/src/router.rs b/node/src/router.rs index 38d06ac2..90bff192 100644 --- a/node/src/router.rs +++ b/node/src/router.rs @@ -310,6 +310,66 @@ pub struct HistoryErrorResponse { pub error: &'static str, } +/// Per-transaction detail returned by `GET /api/history/{id}`. +/// +/// Extends the [`HistoryItem`] list shape with everything else the node +/// can derive for one `account_history` row **without a schema change**: +/// the decoded account-state snapshot the mutation produced (usable +/// balance before/after, the post-mutation send counter and commitment +/// public key), the verifier circuit digest every proof on this node is +/// checked against, and the on-chain commit output value when a +/// publisher inscription exists. Fields the current schema cannot +/// populate stay `null` — the same honesty contract as [`HistoryItem`] +/// (`txid` / `block_height` / `commit_output_value` light up only once +/// the publisher threads `triggering_commit_txid`). +#[derive(Serialize, ToSchema)] +pub struct TxDetail { + // --- identity / core (mirrors HistoryItem) --- + /// Server-internal monotonic id (`account_history.id`). + pub id: i64, + /// The queried address, echoed as lower-case hex (32 bytes, no `0x`). + pub address: String, + /// Commit-inscription txid (lower-case hex), or `null` while unlinked. + pub txid: Option, + /// Unix epoch in seconds of the state change. + pub timestamp: i64, + /// `"send"`, `"receive"`, or `"mint"`. + pub direction: &'static str, + /// Absolute balance delta in sats (`|balance_after − balance_before|`). + pub amount: u64, + /// Counterparty address — always `null` in the current schema. + pub counterparty: Option, + /// `"pending"`, `"confirmed"`, or `"failed"`. + pub status: &'static str, + /// Bitcoin block height of the commit, or `null` while unconfirmed. + pub block_height: Option, + /// Free-text memo — always `null` (no memo column exists). + pub memo: Option, + // --- decoded account-state snapshot for this mutation --- + /// Usable balance (settled + queued) AFTER this mutation, in sats. + pub balance_after: u64, + /// Usable balance BEFORE this mutation; `null` for the first row of + /// an address (no prior state to decode). + pub balance_before: Option, + /// The account's own-send counter after this mutation — the wallet's + /// authoritative BIP-32 child index (see `BalanceResponse.num_sends`). + pub num_sends_after: u32, + /// The account's commitment public key after this mutation + /// (compressed secp256k1, 33-byte lower-case hex); `null` before the + /// account has ever sent (genesis / mint-only state). + pub commitment_public_key: Option, + // --- proof / verification --- + /// The verifier circuit digest (lower-case hex) every proof on this + /// node is checked against — the proof-system identity. `null` only + /// before the node has stored its digest (pre-first-proof boot). + pub circuit_digest: Option, + // --- on-chain --- + /// Value (sats) locked in the commit inscription's output, when a + /// publisher inscription row exists for this mutation; `null` + /// otherwise (e.g. a faucet mint before broadcast). + pub commit_output_value: Option, +} + /// Decode the 64-char (or 64 char + 0x prefix) hex `address` argument /// into the raw 32-byte form `account_history.address` is keyed on. /// Reuses the exact decode + length rules `get_balance_handler` applies @@ -499,6 +559,64 @@ pub(crate) fn history_row_to_item(row: &crate::db::AccountHistoryRow) -> Option< }) } +/// Decode the post-mutation `num_sends` + `commitment_public_key` out of +/// an `accounts.data` bincode blob, for the transaction-detail endpoint. +/// Returns `None` on a decode failure (the caller maps that to a 500 — a +/// corrupt blob is a server fault, not a user error). Mirrors +/// [`balance_from_account_blob`], which handles the balance half. +pub(crate) fn account_meta_from_blob(blob: &[u8]) -> Option<(u32, Option)> { + let a = bincode::deserialize::(blob).ok()?; + // `commitment_public_key` is a secp256k1 `PublicKey`; serialize to its + // 33-byte compressed form before hex-encoding (matches the wire form + // the wallet derives and sends in `prev_commitment_pubkey`). + let cpk = a + .commitment_public_key + .as_ref() + .map(|pk| hex::encode(pk.serialize())); + Some((a.num_sends, cpk)) +} + +/// Build a [`TxDetail`] from one history row + the node's circuit digest. +/// +/// Reuses [`history_row_to_item`] for the shared list fields +/// (direction / amount / status / txid …) so the two endpoints can never +/// disagree on the core shape, then layers on the decoded account-state +/// snapshot. Returns `None` when the row's source is internal or any +/// state blob fails to decode — both map to a 500 at the call site (the +/// db query already filtered to user-facing sources, so in practice only +/// a corrupt blob reaches the `None` arm). +pub(crate) fn tx_detail_from_row( + row: &crate::db::AccountHistoryRow, + address_hex: String, + circuit_digest: Option>, +) -> Option { + let item = history_row_to_item(row)?; + let balance_after = balance_from_account_blob(&row.new_data)?; + let balance_before = match row.prev_data.as_deref() { + None => None, + Some(blob) => Some(balance_from_account_blob(blob)?), + }; + let (num_sends_after, commitment_public_key) = account_meta_from_blob(&row.new_data)?; + Some(TxDetail { + id: item.id, + address: address_hex, + txid: item.txid, + timestamp: item.timestamp, + direction: item.direction, + amount: item.amount, + counterparty: item.counterparty, + status: item.status, + block_height: item.block_height, + memo: item.memo, + balance_after, + balance_before, + num_sends_after, + commitment_public_key, + circuit_digest: circuit_digest.map(hex::encode), + commit_output_value: row.commit_output_value, + }) +} + #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, ToSchema)] pub struct SendCoinRequest { /// Sender account address (`0x`-prefixed 32-byte hex). @@ -1121,6 +1239,136 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_history_handler( .into_response() } +#[utoipa::path( + get, + path = "/api/history/{id}", + tag = "Accounts", + params( + ("id" = i64, Path, + description = "Server-internal `account_history.id` of the row (from a `HistoryItem.id`)."), + ("address" = String, Query, + description = "Account address (32-byte hex, with or without `0x` prefix) the row must belong to."), + ), + responses( + (status = 200, description = "Full per-transaction detail.", body = TxDetail), + (status = 404, description = "No user-facing row with that id for the address.", + body = HistoryErrorResponse), + (status = 422, description = "Missing/malformed `address` or non-integer `id`.", + body = HistoryErrorResponse), + (status = 500, description = "Database error / undecodable state blob.", + body = HistoryErrorResponse), + ), +)] +/// `GET /api/history/{id}?address=` — full detail for one +/// transaction (one `account_history` row), scoped to `address`. +/// +/// The list endpoint (`GET /api/history`) returns the lean per-row +/// shape; this returns [`TxDetail`] — the same core fields plus the +/// decoded account-state snapshot (balance before/after, post-mutation +/// `num_sends` + commitment pubkey), the verifier circuit digest, and +/// the on-chain commit output value when present. +/// +/// Scoping: the row must both have `id` AND belong to `address`, and its +/// source must be user-facing (`mint`/`send`/`receive`). A mismatch (or +/// an internal `scanner`/`recovery` row) returns 404 — a caller cannot +/// read another address's rows or the node's internal mutations by +/// guessing ids. +/// +/// Validation: missing/malformed `address` → 422; a non-integer `id` → +/// 422 (parsed from the path as a string so the contract matches the +/// list endpoint's 422-on-bad-input rather than axum's default 400). +pub(crate) async fn get_history_item_handler( + State(state): State, + Path(id_raw): Path, + axum::extract::Query(params): axum::extract::Query>, +) -> impl IntoResponse { + // --- validation: address (required) --- + let address_hex = match params.get("address") { + Some(s) if !s.is_empty() => s.as_str(), + _ => { + return ( + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { + error: "Missing required `address` query parameter", + }), + ) + .into_response(); + } + }; + let address_bytes = match decode_history_address(address_hex) { + Ok(b) => b, + Err(msg) => { + return ( + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { error: msg }), + ) + .into_response(); + } + }; + // --- validation: id (positive integer) --- + let id = match id_raw.parse::() { + Ok(n) if n > 0 => n, + _ => { + return ( + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { + error: "id must be a positive integer", + }), + ) + .into_response(); + } + }; + + // --- DB read: the scoped row --- + let row = match db::get_account_history_item(&state.pool, &address_bytes, id).await { + Ok(Some(r)) => r, + Ok(None) => { + return ( + StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { + error: "Transaction not found", + }), + ) + .into_response(); + } + Err(e) => { + tracing::warn!("get_history_item_handler: row query failed: {}", e); + return ( + StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { + error: "Database error while reading transaction", + }), + ) + .into_response(); + } + }; + + // The verifier circuit digest is node-global (single row). A read + // failure degrades the field to `null` rather than failing the whole + // detail — it is metadata, not the row itself. + let circuit_digest = db::load_circuit_digest(&state.pool).await.ok().flatten(); + + // Echo the normalised (lower-case, no `0x`) address so the wire form + // is canonical regardless of how the caller spelled it. + let address_norm = hex::encode(address_bytes); + match tx_detail_from_row(&row, address_norm, circuit_digest) { + Some(detail) => (StatusCode::OK, Json(detail)).into_response(), + None => { + tracing::warn!( + "get_history_item_handler: row {} for address could not be decoded", + id + ); + ( + StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, + Json(HistoryErrorResponse { + error: "Database error while reading transaction", + }), + ) + .into_response() + } + } +} + #[utoipa::path( get, path = "/api/address", @@ -3045,6 +3293,9 @@ pub(crate) fn create_router(state: AppState) -> Router { .route("/api/info", get(info_handler)) .route("/api/balance", get(get_balance_handler)) .route("/api/history", get(get_history_handler)) + // axum 0.7 path-param syntax (`:id`); the OpenAPI annotation uses + // the spec's `{id}` form — both name the same segment. + .route("/api/history/:id", get(get_history_item_handler)) .route("/api/receive", post(receive_coin_handler)) .route("/api/proof/:id", get(get_proof_handler)) // Job-API routes — the only path through which a wallet diff --git a/node/src/router_tests.rs b/node/src/router_tests.rs index 3269de26..3765f443 100644 --- a/node/src/router_tests.rs +++ b/node/src/router_tests.rs @@ -4782,6 +4782,254 @@ async fn history_pagination_walks_mixed_source_dataset_consistently() { assert_eq!(seen_directions, vec!["receive", "send", "receive", "mint"]); } +// ======================================================================= +// GET /api/history/{id} — per-transaction detail (TxDetail) +// +// Validation branches run against the dead pool (`send_request`); the +// found / not-found / decoded-snapshot branches run against the live +// Postgres container, mirroring the list-endpoint tests above. +// ======================================================================= + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_missing_address_returns_422() { + let req = Request::get("/api/history/1").body(Body::empty()).unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert!( + v["error"].as_str().unwrap_or("").contains("address"), + "expected address-related error, got {}", + body + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_empty_address_returns_422() { + let req = Request::get("/api/history/1?address=") + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, _body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_invalid_hex_returns_422() { + let req = Request::get("/api/history/1?address=not_hex") + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert!(v["error"] + .as_str() + .unwrap_or("") + .to_lowercase() + .contains("hex")); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_non_integer_id_returns_422() { + // The id is parsed from the path as a string so a malformed id is a + // 422 like every other bad input on the read surface — not axum's + // default 400 for a failed typed-Path extraction. + let address = "00".repeat(32); + let req = Request::get(format!("/api/history/not_a_number?address={}", address)) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert!(v["error"] + .as_str() + .unwrap_or("") + .contains("positive integer")); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_zero_or_negative_id_returns_422() { + let address = "00".repeat(32); + for bad in ["0", "-3"] { + let req = Request::get(format!("/api/history/{}?address={}", bad, address)) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, _body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!( + status, + StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, + "id={bad} must 422" + ); + } +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_db_error_returns_500() { + // Dead pool: validation passes, the row query fails -> 500 with the + // documented error envelope. + let address = "00".repeat(32); + let req = Request::get(format!("/api/history/1?address={}", address)) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request(req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert!(v["error"] + .as_str() + .unwrap_or("") + .to_lowercase() + .contains("database")); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_unknown_id_returns_404() { + let (pool, _pg) = history_live_pool().await; + let state = live_test_state(pool); + let address = "ab".repeat(32); + let req = Request::get(format!("/api/history/424242?address={}", address)) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "body={}", body); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert_eq!(v["error"], "Transaction not found"); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_wrong_address_returns_404() { + // Scoping / IDOR guard: a real row id fetched with a different + // address must look identical to a missing row. + let (pool, _pg) = history_live_pool().await; + let address: [u8; 32] = [21u8; 32]; + seed_account_history(&pool, &address, 100, "mint").await; + let (rows, _) = crate::db::list_account_history(&pool, &address[..], 10, 0) + .await + .unwrap(); + let id = rows[0].id; + + let state = live_test_state(pool); + let other = "cd".repeat(32); + let req = Request::get(format!("/api/history/{}?address={}", id, other)) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, _body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::NOT_FOUND); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_happy_path_returns_decoded_snapshot() { + let (pool, _pg) = history_live_pool().await; + let address: [u8; 32] = [23u8; 32]; + + // Two mutations: 0 -> 100 (mint), then 100 -> 40 (send) so the + // detail of the send row carries both balance_before and + // balance_after plus the post-mutation num_sends. + seed_account_history(&pool, &address, 100, "mint").await; + let mut sent = Account::new(); + sent.balance = 40; + sent.num_sends = 1; + let bytes = bincode::serialize(&sent).expect("Account serializable"); + crate::db::upsert_account_with_source(&pool, address.as_slice(), &bytes, "send") + .await + .expect("upsert send mutation"); + + let (rows, _) = crate::db::list_account_history(&pool, &address[..], 10, 0) + .await + .unwrap(); + let send_id = rows[0].id; // newest first + + let state = live_test_state(pool); + let req = Request::get(format!( + "/api/history/{}?address=0x{}", + send_id, + hex::encode(address) + )) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "body={}", body); + + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert_eq!(v["id"].as_i64(), Some(send_id)); + assert_eq!( + v["address"], + hex::encode(address), + "address echoed normalised (0x stripped, lower-case)" + ); + assert_eq!(v["direction"], "send"); + assert_eq!(v["amount"], 60, "|40 - 100|"); + assert_eq!(v["status"], "pending", "no inscription link yet"); + assert_eq!(v["balance_after"], 40); + assert_eq!(v["balance_before"], 100); + assert_eq!(v["num_sends_after"], 1); + // The seed path sets no commitment pubkey and the fresh schema has + // no circuit digest row / inscription rows. + assert!(v["commitment_public_key"].is_null()); + assert!(v["circuit_digest"].is_null()); + assert!(v["commit_output_value"].is_null()); + assert!(v["txid"].is_null()); + assert!(v["block_height"].is_null()); + assert!(v["counterparty"].is_null()); + assert!(v["memo"].is_null()); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_surfaces_circuit_digest_when_stored() { + let (pool, _pg) = history_live_pool().await; + let address: [u8; 32] = [27u8; 32]; + seed_account_history(&pool, &address, 100, "mint").await; + crate::db::store_circuit_digest(&pool, &[0xCD; 32]) + .await + .expect("store digest"); + let (rows, _) = crate::db::list_account_history(&pool, &address[..], 10, 0) + .await + .unwrap(); + let id = rows[0].id; + + let state = live_test_state(pool); + let req = Request::get(format!( + "/api/history/{}?address={}", + id, + hex::encode(address) + )) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK, "body={}", body); + let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&body).expect("valid JSON"); + assert_eq!( + v["circuit_digest"].as_str(), + Some(hex::encode([0xCD; 32]).as_str()) + ); +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_corrupt_blob_returns_500() { + // A row whose new_data is not a valid bincode Account decodes to + // None in tx_detail_from_row — the handler maps that to a 500, never + // a fabricated detail. + let (pool, _pg) = history_live_pool().await; + let address: [u8; 32] = [29u8; 32]; + let (id,): (i64,) = sqlx::query_as( + "INSERT INTO account_history (address, prev_data, new_data, source) \ + VALUES ($1, NULL, $2, 'mint') RETURNING id", + ) + .bind(&address[..]) + .bind(vec![0xFFu8; 4]) + .fetch_one(&*pool) + .await + .expect("insert corrupt row"); + + let state = live_test_state(pool); + let req = Request::get(format!( + "/api/history/{}?address={}", + id, + hex::encode(address) + )) + .body(Body::empty()) + .unwrap(); + let (status, body) = send_request_with_state(state, req).await; + assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "body={}", body); +} + // --- Pure-function coverage for the helpers -------------------------------- #[test] @@ -4847,6 +5095,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_handles_first_row_with_no_prev_data() { commit_txid: None, block_height: None, pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, }; let item = history_row_to_item(&row).expect("item produced"); assert_eq!(item.id, 42); @@ -4875,6 +5124,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_drops_unknown_source() { commit_txid: None, block_height: None, pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, }; assert!(history_row_to_item(&row).is_none()); } @@ -4890,6 +5140,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_drops_undecodable_new_data() { commit_txid: None, block_height: None, pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, }; assert!(history_row_to_item(&row).is_none()); } @@ -4908,6 +5159,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_maps_pending_status_to_wire_status() { commit_txid: Some(vec![0xab; 32]), block_height, pending_status: status.map(str::to_string), + commit_output_value: None, }; // Every enum variant the migration-0003 CHECK constraint allows. assert_eq!( @@ -4980,6 +5232,7 @@ fn history_row_to_item_drops_undecodable_prev_data() { commit_txid: None, block_height: None, pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, }; assert!( history_row_to_item(&row).is_none(), @@ -4987,6 +5240,145 @@ fn history_row_to_item_drops_undecodable_prev_data() { ); } +// ── GET /api/history/{id} — TxDetail conversion (issue: tx-detail) ────── + +#[test] +fn account_meta_from_blob_reads_num_sends_and_commitment_pubkey() { + use bitcoin::secp256k1::{PublicKey, Secp256k1, SecretKey}; + + // Fresh account: num_sends = 0, no commitment pubkey yet. + let fresh = Account::new(); + let (n, cpk) = account_meta_from_blob(&bincode::serialize(&fresh).unwrap()).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(n, 0); + assert!(cpk.is_none(), "genesis account has no commitment pubkey"); + + // Account that has sent: num_sends > 0 and a commitment pubkey set. + let secp = Secp256k1::new(); + let sk = SecretKey::from_slice(&[7u8; 32]).unwrap(); + let pk = PublicKey::from_secret_key(&secp, &sk); + let mut sent = Account::new(); + sent.num_sends = 3; + sent.commitment_public_key = Some(pk); + let (n, cpk) = account_meta_from_blob(&bincode::serialize(&sent).unwrap()).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(n, 3); + assert_eq!( + cpk.as_deref(), + Some(hex::encode(pk.serialize()).as_str()), + "commitment pubkey is the 33-byte compressed form, hex-encoded" + ); + + // Garbage bytes -> None (decode failure → caller 500s). + assert!(account_meta_from_blob(&[0xff; 3]).is_none()); +} + +#[test] +fn tx_detail_from_row_builds_full_detail_with_decoded_snapshot() { + let mut prev = Account::new(); + prev.balance = 10_000; + let mut new = Account::new(); + new.balance = 4_000; + new.num_sends = 1; + + let row = crate::db::AccountHistoryRow { + id: 99, + timestamp_secs: 1_700_000_500, + source: "send".to_string(), + prev_data: Some(bincode::serialize(&prev).unwrap()), + new_data: bincode::serialize(&new).unwrap(), + commit_txid: Some(vec![0xab; 32]), + block_height: Some(900_001), + pending_status: Some("complete".to_string()), + commit_output_value: Some(546), + }; + let digest = vec![0xcd; 32]; + let detail = tx_detail_from_row(&row, "ee".repeat(32), Some(digest.clone())) + .expect("detail produced for a user-facing row"); + + // Core fields mirror history_row_to_item. + assert_eq!(detail.id, 99); + assert_eq!(detail.address, "ee".repeat(32)); + assert_eq!(detail.direction, "send"); + assert_eq!(detail.amount, 6_000, "|4000 - 10000|"); + assert_eq!( + detail.status, "confirmed", + "complete inscription -> confirmed" + ); + assert_eq!(detail.txid.as_deref(), Some("ab".repeat(32).as_str())); + assert_eq!(detail.block_height, Some(900_001)); + // Decoded snapshot. + assert_eq!(detail.balance_after, 4_000); + assert_eq!(detail.balance_before, Some(10_000)); + assert_eq!(detail.num_sends_after, 1); + // Proof + on-chain extras. + assert_eq!( + detail.circuit_digest.as_deref(), + Some(hex::encode(&digest).as_str()) + ); + assert_eq!(detail.commit_output_value, Some(546)); +} + +#[test] +fn tx_detail_from_row_first_row_has_no_balance_before() { + let mut new = Account::new(); + new.balance = 5_000; + let row = crate::db::AccountHistoryRow { + id: 1, + timestamp_secs: 0, + source: "mint".to_string(), + prev_data: None, + new_data: bincode::serialize(&new).unwrap(), + commit_txid: None, + block_height: None, + pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, + }; + let detail = tx_detail_from_row(&row, "11".repeat(32), None).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(detail.balance_after, 5_000); + assert_eq!(detail.amount, 5_000, "from-zero mint credits full balance"); + assert!( + detail.balance_before.is_none(), + "first row has no prior state" + ); + assert!(detail.circuit_digest.is_none(), "no digest passed -> null"); + assert!(detail.commit_output_value.is_none()); + assert_eq!(detail.num_sends_after, 0); + assert!(detail.commitment_public_key.is_none()); +} + +#[test] +fn tx_detail_from_row_internal_source_returns_none() { + let mut new = Account::new(); + new.balance = 1; + let row = crate::db::AccountHistoryRow { + id: 5, + timestamp_secs: 0, + source: "scanner".to_string(), // internal — must not surface + prev_data: None, + new_data: bincode::serialize(&new).unwrap(), + commit_txid: None, + block_height: None, + pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, + }; + assert!(tx_detail_from_row(&row, "22".repeat(32), None).is_none()); +} + +#[test] +fn tx_detail_from_row_undecodable_new_data_returns_none() { + let row = crate::db::AccountHistoryRow { + id: 5, + timestamp_secs: 0, + source: "mint".to_string(), + prev_data: None, + new_data: vec![0xff; 4], // corrupt -> caller 500s + commit_txid: None, + block_height: None, + pending_status: None, + commit_output_value: None, + }; + assert!(tx_detail_from_row(&row, "33".repeat(32), None).is_none()); +} + #[test] fn pending_inscription_status_from_db_str_round_trips_every_variant() { // Mirrors migration-0003 CHECK constraint. Adding a state to diff --git a/node/tests/api_remote.rs b/node/tests/api_remote.rs index ce30cdc2..cf9bfcae 100644 --- a/node/tests/api_remote.rs +++ b/node/tests/api_remote.rs @@ -645,6 +645,121 @@ async fn history_after_mint_records_mint_row() { assert!(head["memo"].is_null()); } +/// Live contract round-trip for the per-transaction detail endpoint +/// (`GET /api/history/{id}`): mint, read the history list to learn the +/// row id, then fetch the detail and assert it carries the list fields +/// plus the decoded account-state snapshot. State-mutating like +/// `history_after_mint_records_mint_row`; uses a fresh wallet so it is +/// race-free against parallel runs. +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_after_mint_returns_full_detail() { + let client = http_client(); + let alice = TestWallet::new(); + assert_minting_balance_in_bounds(&client).await; + + let mint_result = mint_via_job(&client, &alice.address_hex(), MINT_AMOUNT).await; + assert_eq!(mint_result["success"], Value::Bool(true)); + let _ = poll_balance_at_least(&client, &alice.address_hex(), MINT_AMOUNT).await; + + // Learn the row id from the list. + let list: Value = client + .get(url(&format!( + "/api/history?address={}", + alice.address_hex() + ))) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET /api/history") + .json() + .await + .expect("history JSON"); + let id = list["items"][0]["id"].as_i64().expect("row id"); + + // Fetch the detail. + let resp = client + .get(url(&format!( + "/api/history/{}?address={}", + id, + alice.address_hex() + ))) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET /api/history/{id}"); + assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK); + let d: Value = resp.json().await.expect("detail JSON"); + + // Core fields (consistent with the list head). + assert_eq!(d["id"].as_i64(), Some(id)); + assert_eq!(d["direction"], "mint"); + assert_eq!(d["amount"], MINT_AMOUNT); + assert_eq!(d["address"], alice.address_hex().trim_start_matches("0x")); + // Decoded account-state snapshot: a from-genesis mint credits the + // full balance, leaves num_sends at 0, and sets no commitment pubkey. + assert_eq!(d["balance_after"].as_u64(), Some(MINT_AMOUNT)); + assert!( + d["balance_before"].is_null(), + "first row has no prior state" + ); + assert_eq!(d["num_sends_after"].as_u64(), Some(0)); + assert!( + d["commitment_public_key"].is_null(), + "mint-only account has no commitment pubkey" + ); + // The node has warmed a prover, so a verifier circuit digest exists. + assert!( + d["circuit_digest"].is_string(), + "circuit_digest should be populated post-warmup, got {}", + d["circuit_digest"] + ); +} + +/// `GET /api/history/{id}` validation + scoping contract (read-only, no +/// state mutation — safe to run unconditionally). +#[tokio::test] +async fn history_item_validation_and_scoping() { + let client = http_client(); + let some_addr = format!("0x{}", "ab".repeat(32)); + + // Missing address -> 422. + let r = client + .get(url("/api/history/1")) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET no-address"); + assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + + // Non-integer id -> 422 (parsed as string, not axum's default 400). + let r = client + .get(url(&format!( + "/api/history/not_a_number?address={}", + some_addr + ))) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET bad-id"); + assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + + // Bad address hex -> 422. + let r = client + .get(url("/api/history/1?address=not_hex")) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET bad-address"); + assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY); + + // Well-formed but never-minted address + arbitrary id -> 404. + let fresh = TestWallet::new(); + let r = client + .get(url(&format!( + "/api/history/999999999?address={}", + fresh.address_hex() + ))) + .send() + .await + .expect("GET unknown"); + assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND); +} + #[tokio::test] async fn balance_wrong_length_returns_422() { // 16 bytes = 32 hex chars, the handler requires exactly 32 bytes diff --git a/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs b/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs index 2a21801b..1726f1bb 100644 --- a/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs +++ b/node/tests/openapi_smoke.rs @@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ fn spec_lists_every_always_on_route() { "/api/info", "/api/balance", "/api/history", + "/api/history/{id}", "/api/jobs/mint", "/api/jobs/send", "/api/jobs/{job_id}", @@ -131,7 +132,12 @@ fn spec_registers_critical_schemas() { // page contract (issue #153). The wallet's transaction list reads // this shape directly; a missing schema here means a wallet build // would have no compile-time check against drift. - for name in ["HistoryResponse", "HistoryItem", "HistoryErrorResponse"] { + for name in [ + "HistoryResponse", + "HistoryItem", + "HistoryErrorResponse", + "TxDetail", + ] { assert!( schemas.contains_key(name), "`{name}` must be registered under components.schemas — \ From 519a70008a3e2cae0de9c2fd33dba2ed08ad7dc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TaprootFreak <142087526+TaprootFreak@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2026 13:22:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 19/19] chore: move benchmark output to research (#219) Per the project model the node repo carries code/build/standard files only - no benchmark output. Delete scripts/bench/results/ (README + m5-max HTTP-mint-sweep CSV, probe_r2 JSON, m5-max-vs-m3-ultra write-up). The bench harness (node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs) stays; only the output moves. Archived verbatim in zk-coins/research benchmarks/node-runtime/. --- scripts/bench/results/README.md | 69 ------------------- .../m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv | 11 --- .../results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json | 43 ------------ .../results/m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md | 64 ----------------- 4 files changed, 187 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/README.md delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json delete mode 100644 scripts/bench/results/m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/README.md b/scripts/bench/results/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 227fa9a2..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -# Bench Results - -Wall-time per proof type per hardware target. - -## Results - -All times are p50 unless noted. `—` = not measured on that device. -Synthetic = `probe_r2` binary (lower bound, no HTTP/scanner/broadcast). -Live = real `/api/mint` and `/api/send` HTTP round-trips. - -| Proof phase | Apple M3 Ultra | Apple M5 Max | Δ | -|---|---:|---:|---:| -| Circuit build (cold, mostly single-threaded) | 14.2 s | **8.2 s** | **−42 %** | -| First prove (cold, includes Rayon spin-up) | 7.0 s | **6.1 s** | **−13 %** | -| **Warm prove** (synthetic, steady state) — **p50** | 4.78 s | **4.35 s** | **−9 %** | -| Warm prove (synthetic) — p90 | 4.81 s | 4.41 s | −8 % | -| `/api/mint` HTTP, empty state, 1 recipient — p50 | — | 6.91 s | — | -| `/api/mint` HTTP, populated production — p50 | 8.7 s | (~7 s estimated) | — | -| `/api/send` HTTP, populated production — p50 | 11 s | (~10 s estimated) | — | -| Peak RSS during full sweep | 4.0 GiB | 3.85 GiB | −4 % | - -| Hardware | Chip | Cores | RAM | Source | -|---|---|---|---|---| -| Apple M3 Ultra | M3 Ultra | 28 (20 P + 8 E) | 96 GB | r2_probe_runs host_id 1, 2026-05-31 (`probe_r2`); production HTTP from 2026-05-30 request_log sweep (post PR #144) | -| Apple M5 Max | M5 Max | 18 (6 Super + 12 Performance) | 128 GB | r2_probe_runs host_id 2, 2026-06-02 (`probe_r2`); HTTP sweep `m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv` | - -### Reading the table - -- **Synthetic warm prove** is the cleanest cross-hardware number — no HTTP, no SMT growth, no broadcast. Reflects raw prover speed at production circuit params (`MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8`, `INNER_PAD_BITS = 15`). -- **Live HTTP** is what users feel — proof + state lookup + broadcast attempt. The empty-state M5 number (6.91 s) is a floor; the populated-state production numbers (8.7 s mint, 11 s send) are the realistic experience. -- The M5 estimate for populated state is **the M3 production number × the synthetic ratio (M5/M3 = 0.91)**. Treat it as a ballpark — re-measure on a populated M5 deployment to confirm. - -### Verdict - -M5 Max is faster than M3 Ultra on every phase, but the win is **uneven**: huge on single-threaded circuit build (−42 %), modest on Rayon-bound warm prove (−9 %). The Plonky2 prover is not embarrassingly parallel — per-core speed beats core count on the latency path. **All three R2 budgets pass on both machines.** - -**Caveat:** the ROADMAP-step-9 ideal target is **≤ 1 s warm prove**. Neither chip is close — both are in the 4–5 s range synthetic, 9–11 s live. The next real 10× will come from **Plonky3 or circuit-level optimisation**, not from newer Apple silicon. Per-generation hardware gains (M3 → M5 → M7) are unlikely to clear the ideal-budget gap on their own. - ---- - -## Files in this directory - -Two measurement methods live side-by-side: - -1. **`*-probe_r2.json`** — pure proof timings from `node/src/bin/probe_r2.rs`. No HTTP, no chain-scanner, no broadcast. Matches the JSON schema emitted by `probe_r2 --output ...`. -2. **`*-http-mint-sweep.csv`** — wall-clock observations from POSTing to `/api/mint` against a live `zkcoins/node:beta` container pointed at the public Mutinynet Esplora endpoints. Format: `iter,addr,http_status,wall_seconds`. -3. **`-vs--.md`** — comparison summary across two hardware targets. - -Both measurement methods persist to the same `r2_probe_*` Postgres tables (migration 0013) when run with `--persist`, so cross-host comparisons are also queryable via SQL. - -## How to add a new entry - -1. Build the binary on the target machine: - ```sh - cargo build --release -p node --bin probe_r2 - ``` -2. Run with persistence + JSON output. Filename identifies the **chip generation**, not the host: - ```sh - RUST_LOG=warn ./target/release/probe_r2 \ - --warm-calls 5 \ - --output scripts/bench/results/-$(date +%Y-%m-%d)-probe_r2.json \ - --persist \ - --notes "" \ - --tags ,native - ``` - (requires `DATABASE_URL` reachable to a DB with migration 0013 applied.) -3. Optionally exercise the live HTTP path via a Mutinynet bench compose and capture a sweep CSV. -4. Before committing: **scrub the JSON `hostname` field** — replace with a generic label (e.g. `workstation-1`, `m3-ultra-host`). The persisted DB row keeps the raw fingerprint for SQL queries. -5. Update the results tables above and open a PR. diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv b/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 4e894701..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -iter,addr,http_status,wall_seconds -1,b270417fa1452f037c8fc880677cea8801087c9c458dd7326db02f3f471599ae,503,6.770126 -2,f3d965b68eb59e1a4aff71d6599552b82490c2042be7ae3d0fe7f76479500ad6,503,6.610963 -3,80a91dc1c776ddd6ee3fc643a0e48f4ad9c6a100a2d8bbf8bb5815d58232f2ba,503,6.709158 -4,983e5143a7efc96dc60b4060c2dd09480bb52daf210f232660ad303b824fcb85,503,6.742771 -5,50a3bacbfffd4d7cc6809d69e944ddd6f5a2f22b15ce748d9f7864f41fb87d3b,503,6.871675 -6,9d60d94ae0c767ee8cf10a49ffbfc020ee2bcab93020d74ba3aafd328b6c8f1c,503,6.939448 -7,100335a96f06848fed22b2e6f85667aed6eab9b68bf3d42958741710bc8f98ab,503,6.990326 -8,4a97303326516fd021286939b6f95cd936f0d2367ff4b08eb84880f414cfa79f,503,6.988013 -9,de2aac71c9112d6f86d4e491bc4758f3c0d758157da54110fbdd90d6e40feb0b,503,7.049042 -10,15872ff69a7bd55a3c4fdae51c7c828687e1e7e43ad03a7a54a453d0d7cb8130,503,7.117573 diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json b/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json deleted file mode 100644 index e7e7e056..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -{ - "allocator": "mimalloc", - "budgets": { - "cold_start_ms_max": 30000, - "peak_rss_kb_max": 67108864, - "warm_prove_ms_max": 5000 - }, - "build_profile": "release", - "circuit_build_wall_ms": 8245, - "git_sha": "6e8b7ab04d051bc53d4a12fc1f6f19914b4707e2", - "inner_pad_bits": 15, - "max_in_coins": 8, - "max_out_coins": 8, - "notes": "Apple M5 Max 18C (6 Super + 12 Performance) 128 GB native cargo --release, first probe", - "peak_rss_kb": 3937504, - "platform": { - "arch": "aarch64", - "cpu_brand": "Apple M5 Max", - "cpu_cores": 18, - "hostname": "m5-max-workstation", - "os": "macos", - "total_ram_gb": 128 - }, - "prove_cold_wall_ms": 6129, - "prove_warm_p50_ms": 4350, - "prove_warm_p90_ms": 4409, - "prove_warm_p99_ms": 4409, - "prove_warm_wall_ms": [ - 4265, - 4320, - 4350, - 4357, - 4409 - ], - "rss_unit_note": "macOS reports ru_maxrss in bytes; Linux reports KB. This tool normalises to KB.", - "rustc_version": "rustc 1.98.0-nightly (6bdf43094 2026-06-01)", - "tags": [ - "m5-max", - "native" - ], - "verify_wall_ms": 2, - "warm_calls_requested": 5 -} diff --git a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md b/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0b1f7c66..00000000 --- a/scripts/bench/results/m5-max-vs-m3-ultra-2026-06-02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -# Apple M5 Max vs Apple M3 Ultra — Plonky2 prover wall times (2026-06-02) - -First Apple M5 Max run of `probe_r2` against the same `git_sha`-era -binary the Apple M3 Ultra baseline was taken on. Bench harness: -`probe_r2 --warm-calls 5` (Release profile, mimalloc, -MAX_IN_COINS = MAX_OUT_COINS = 8, INNER_PAD_BITS = 15). - -## Hardware - -| Field | M3 Ultra reference | M5 Max workstation | -|---|---|---| -| Chip | Apple M3 Ultra | Apple M5 Max | -| Cores | 28 (20 Performance + 8 Efficiency) | 18 (6 Super + 12 Performance) | -| Total RAM | 96 GB | 128 GB | -| OS | macOS | macOS 26.5 | -| Arch | aarch64 | aarch64 | - -## Wall-time results (`probe_r2` — synthetic, no HTTP) - -| Metric | M3 Ultra | M5 Max | Δ | Budget | -|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| `circuit_build_wall_ms` | 14 214 | **8 245** | **−42 %** | (no budget) | -| `prove_cold_wall_ms` | 7 012 | **6 129** | **−13 %** | — | -| cold start total (build + prove_cold) | 21 226 | **14 374** | **−32 %** | ≤ 30 000 | -| `prove_warm_p50_ms` (over 5 calls) | 4 777 | **4 350** | **−9 %** | ≤ 5 000 | -| `prove_warm_p90_ms` | 4 805 | **4 409** | **−8 %** | — | -| `prove_warm_p99_ms` | 4 805 | **4 409** | **−8 %** | — | -| `peak_rss_kb` | 4 111 648 | **3 937 504** | **−4 %** | ≤ 67 108 864 | -| `verify_wall_ms` | 3 | 2 | — | — | - -All three R2 budgets pass on both machines. M5 Max is faster across -the board, with the biggest delta on the largely single-threaded -`circuit_build` (−42 %). On the parallelisable `prove_warm` sweep the -gap narrows to −9 % — the M3 Ultra's 28-core layout closes most of -the per-core speed gap when the workload is fully Rayon-bound. - -## HTTP-level `/api/mint` sweep (M5 Max only) - -10 sequential POSTs to `/api/mint` against the `zkcoins/node:beta` -image booted from a minimal compose pointed at the public Mutinynet -Esplora REST + WS endpoints. Unfunded publisher → broadcast always -returns 503; proof is still generated end-to-end (the 503 lives -downstream of the prover). Empty initial state; each iteration -grows the SMT by one entry. - -| n | min | p50 | p90 | p99 | max | mean | -|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| -| 10 | 6.611 s | **6.906 s** | 7.056 s | 7.111 s | 7.118 s | 6.879 s | - -The HTTP-level mint wall-time on M5 Max is **~6.9 s**, of which -roughly 4.3 s is the warm prove call (from `probe_r2`) and ~2.5 s is -HTTP routing + SMT lookup + broadcast attempt to the public -Mutinynet REST endpoint. The slight upward drift over the 10 -iterations (6.61 → 7.12 s) is consistent with the growing SMT -witness; on a populated production state this overhead is expected -to be substantially higher (the production-DEV mint p50 ≈ 40 s -baseline captured 2026-05-30 reflects that fully-loaded state, not -the synthetic / empty-state numbers reported here). - -## Files - -* `m5-max-2026-06-02-probe_r2.json` — full `probe_r2` JSON report - (host fingerprint scrubbed; raw row persisted in `r2_probe_runs`) -* `m5-max-2026-06-02-http-mint-sweep.csv` — raw sweep CSV