Bytecode instructions

Load/Store Instructions:

• aaload(): Loads a reference from an array onto the stack.
• aastore(): Stores a reference into an array.
• aconst_null(): Pushes null onto the stack.
• aload(index): Loads a reference from a local variable at the specified index. Uses different opcodes for indices 0-3 or others.
• anewarray(class_index): Creates a new array of references of a specified class.
• areturn(): Returns a reference from a method.
• arraylength(): Pushes the length of an array onto the stack.
• astore(index): Stores a reference into a local variable at the specified index.

Arithmetic Instructions:

• add(): Adds two integers or floats on the stack.
• sub(): Subtracts one integer or float from another on the stack.
• mul(): Multiplies two integers or floats on the stack.
• div(): Divides one integer or float by another on the stack.
• rem(): Calculates the remainder of division for integers or floats.

Type Conversion Instructions:

• i2f(): Converts an integer to a float.
• f2i(): Converts a float to an integer.
• i2l(): Converts an integer to a long.
• l2i(): Converts a long to an integer.
• f2l(): Converts a float to a long.
• l2f(): Converts a long to a float.

Branching Instructions:

• goto(offset): Jumps to a specified offset in the bytecode.
• if_icmpeq(offset): Jumps if two integers are equal.
• if_icmpne(offset): Jumps if two integers are not equal.
• if_icmplt(offset): Jumps if the first integer is less than the second.
• if_icmpge(offset): Jumps if the first integer is greater than or equal to the second.
• if_icmpgt(offset): Jumps if the first integer is greater than the second.
• if_icmple(offset): Jumps if the first integer is less than or equal to the second.

Method Invocation Instructions:

• invokestatic(method_index): Invokes a static method.
• invokevirtual(method_index): Invokes an instance method.
• invokespecial(method_index): Invokes a special method (like constructors or superclass methods).
• invokeinterface(method_index): Invokes an interface method.

Object Manipulation Instructions:

• new(class_index): Creates a new object of the class specified by class_index.
• checkcast(class_index): Checks if an object is an instance of the specified class.
• instanceof(class_index): Checks if an object is an instance of the specified class.

Return Instructions:

• return(): Exits the current method without returning a value.
• ireturn(): Returns an integer from the current method.
• freturn(): Returns a float from the current method.
• lreturn(): Returns a long from the current method.
• dreturn(): Returns a double from the current method.
• areturn(): Returns a reference from the current method.

Stack Manipulation Instructions:

• pop(): Removes the top value from the stack.
• dup(): Duplicates the top value of the stack.
• swap(): Swaps the top two values of the stack.

Special Instructions:

• nop(): Does nothing (used for padding or placeholders).
• ldc(constant_index): Loads a constant from the constant pool onto the stack.
• lookupswitch(): A table-based switch statement with dynamic offsets.
• tableswitch(): A jump table-based switch statement with a range of values.

---