# DNS Resolution Path and Caching Simulator

A Python-based simulation of DNS resolution paths and TTL-based caching, developed as a networking/5G simulation project.

## Overview

This project models a simplified DNS hierarchy consisting of:

- DNS Client

- DNS Resolver / Cache

- Root DNS Server

- TLD DNS Server

- Authoritative DNS Server

The simulator implements both recursive and iterative DNS resolution and models the effect of DNS caching on query latency.

## Features

- Recursive DNS resolution

- Iterative DNS resolution

- Root → TLD → Authoritative DNS hierarchy

- TTL-based DNS caching

- Cache expiration

- Network latency modelling

- Average latency measurement

- P95 latency measurement

- Cache-hit ratio measurement

- TTL-based performance experiments

- Recursive vs iterative comparison

- CSV result generation

- Latency and cache-performance graphs

## Project Structure

dns-simulator/

├── dns\_simulator.py

├── run\_experiments.py

├── results/

│   ├── latency\_vs\_ttl.png

│   ├── cache\_hit\_vs\_ttl.png

│   ├── recursive\_vs\_iterative.png

│   └── results.csv

├── report/

└── README.md



Technologies



Python

NumPy

Pandas

Matplotlib

DNS utilities



How to Run



Install the required Python packages:

pip install numpy pandas matplotlib



Run the simulator:

python dns\_simulator.py



Generate the experiments and graphs:

python run\_experiments.py



The generated graphs and numerical results are stored in the results/ directory.