A comprehensive IoT project combining embedded microcontroller programming, handling various sensors (via I2C and UART interfaces), and a cross-platform mobile web application. This device is developed for automated monitoring of location, speed, and spatial orientation, with the ability to transmit data to a remote server.
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The main idea was to create a fully functional and autonomous tracker that solves the issues of processing raw sensor data, power management, and provides a user-friendly interface without needing to re-flash the device to change the network.
The project consists of two main parts:
- Hardware Embedded System: A physical device in a custom enclosure with a microcontroller, sensors, power module, and display.
- Mobile Application (React Native): A client-side app for visualizing active and archived trips on an interactive map.
- Positioning and Speed: Utilizes the NEO-6M GPS module. Since raw speed data from GPS can often "jump," the project implements an additional speed calculation based on coordinate changes using the Haversine formula. The data is passed through an averaging buffer for a stable display.
- 3D Motion Processing: The MPU6050 inertial module (accelerometer + gyroscope) is used to monitor the tilt angle. To eliminate the accelerometer's sensitivity to vibrations and the gyroscope's drift, a mathematical Kalman filter is successfully implemented, providing perfectly smooth readings.
- On-device Visualization: An energy-efficient OLED display dynamically shows the current time (synchronized via NTP), coordinates, calculated speed, tilt angle, connection status, and battery charge percentage.
- Smart Trip Management: A special physical button allows the user to initiate or end a "trip" (by holding it for >5 seconds), which sends the corresponding HTTP POST/PUT requests to the server.
- Wi-Fi Auto-configuration (Captive Portal): Thanks to the
WiFiManagerlibrary, if the device cannot find a known network, it creates its own Access Point (ESP8266_MPUScreen). The user can connect to it from a smartphone and enter their home Wi-Fi password through a convenient web interface.
- Microcontroller: Wemos D1 Mini (ESP8266) — the computational core of the system with built-in Wi-Fi.
- GPS Module: NEO-6M (communicates via software UART using
SoftwareSerialon pin D7). - IMU Sensor: MPU6050 (connected via I2C bus: D1 - SCL, D2 - SDA).
- Display: 128x64 OLED display using the SSD1306 controller (connected via I2C in parallel with the MPU6050).
- Power & Monitoring: The device is powered by a Li-ion battery. The charging process (CC/CV) and battery protection are provided by the TP4056 module. Overall power is managed by a physical toggle switch, while the charge level is read by the microcontroller through a voltage divider on the analog pin A0.
A cross-platform application was created to monitor the collected data:
- CurrentTripPage: Real-time tracking of active trips. The route is drawn as polylines on the map, with the color dynamically changing depending on the current speed or tilt angle.
- FinishedTripsPage: Access to archived data. Allows viewing the statistics of completed trips (such as maximum/average speed, duration) and their full map routes.
1. Assembled Hardware Device:
Description: Component layout inside the case: ESP8266, GPS antenna, power module.
2. OLED Display in Action:
Description: Real-time display of the current time, speed, tilt angle, and battery level.
3. Mobile App (Current Trip):
Description: Dynamic coloring of the route on the map based on the user's speed.
4. Mobile App (Completed Trip Statistics):
Description: Summary of the traveled route and data analysis.
Author: Leskiv N.O. Group IR-21 Student, Lviv Polytechnic National University