Ultrasonic Distance Measurement using HC-SR04 and Arduino

This project demonstrates how to measure distance using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino. The sensor calculates the time taken for an ultrasonic pulse to travel to an object and back, converting it into a distance measurement in centimeters (cm).

📌 Features

• Uses an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure distance.
• Displays real-time distance readings on the Serial Monitor.
• Simple and efficient implementation using Arduino C++.

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🛠 Components Required

Component	Quantity
Arduino (Uno/Nano)	1
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor	1
Jumper Wires	4

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⚡ Circuit Connections

HC-SR04 Pin	Arduino Pin
VCC	5V
GND	GND
Trig	7
Echo	6

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🚀 Code

// Ultrasonic Distance Measurement with HC-SR04
int distance = 0;

// Function to read distance using an ultrasonic sensor
long readUltrasonicDistance(int triggerPin, int echoPin) {
  pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Returns time in microseconds
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  distance = 0.01723 * readUltrasonicDistance(7, 6); // Convert time to cm

  Serial.print("Distance = ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  delay(100); // 100ms delay for stable readings
}