Add type conformance fixtures, runners, and CI

.github/workflows/conformance-go.yml

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+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Conformance: the Go runner against apache/iceberg-go main HEAD (latest commit).
+# One implementation per workflow. Go/Rust/Python track main; Java tracks the
+# nightly SNAPSHOT.
+name: "Conformance (Go)"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.sha }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  conformance-go:
+    name: iceberg-go type conformance
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # Non-blocking: report a divergence, do not fail this repo's CI.
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout fixtures
+      uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Install Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7.0.0
+      with:
+        go-version: '1.25.9'
+        cache-dependency-path: runners/go/go.sum
+    - name: Run type conformance
+      id: run
+      working-directory: runners/go
+      # Build against iceberg-go main HEAD; the go.mod edit is ephemeral, not committed.
+      run: |
+        set +e
+        go get github.com/apache/iceberg-go@main || { echo "code=2" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"; exit 2; }
+        go mod tidy || { echo "code=2" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"; exit 2; }
+        resolved="iceberg-go@$(go list -m github.com/apache/iceberg-go | awk '{print $2}')"
+        echo "resolved=$resolved" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        go build -o /tmp/conformance-go . || { echo "code=2" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"; exit 2; }
+        /tmp/conformance-go 2>&1 | tee "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/runner-output.txt"
+        code=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
+        echo "code=$code" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        # Report-only: only a runner ERROR (2) reddens the check, not a divergence.
+        if [ "$code" = "2" ]; then exit 1; fi
+    - name: Report results (step summary + annotations)
+      if: always()
+      run: >
+        bash "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dev/ci-report.sh"
+        iceberg-go "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/runner-output.txt"
+        main "${{ steps.run.outputs.code }}"
+        "${{ steps.run.outputs.resolved }}"

.github/workflows/conformance-java.yml

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+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Conformance: the Java runner against the latest iceberg-api SNAPSHOT (resolved at
+# run time). Go/Rust/Python track main; Java tracks the SNAPSHOT.
+name: "Conformance (Java)"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.sha }}-${{ github.workflow }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  conformance-java:
+    name: iceberg-java type conformance
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # Non-blocking: report a divergence, do not fail this repo's CI.
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout fixtures
+      uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Install Java
+      uses: actions/setup-java@b6effb05e454b25005698d916606bdc6ffcbf961 # v5.7.0
+      with:
+        distribution: zulu
+        java-version: '17'
+    - name: Set up Gradle
+      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@9c971963bec38e04b3d30dcc455b5382be2fdbfb # v6.3.0
+    - name: Run type conformance
+      id: run
+      working-directory: runners/java
+      # Resolve the latest iceberg-api SNAPSHOT at run time (pinned fallback), then
+      # run the launcher directly so the runner's own exit code survives.
+      run: |
+        set +e
+        meta="https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/snapshots/org/apache/iceberg/iceberg-api/maven-metadata.xml"
+        version="$(curl -fsSL "$meta" | grep -o '<latest>[^<]*</latest>' | sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g' | head -1)"
+        if [ -z "$version" ]; then
+          version="1.12.0-SNAPSHOT"
+          echo "WARN: could not resolve latest SNAPSHOT from $meta; using fallback $version" >&2
+        fi
+        echo "resolved=iceberg-api:$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        ./gradlew installDist --quiet -PicebergVersion="$version" || { echo "code=2" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"; exit 2; }
+        build/install/conformance-java/bin/conformance-java 2>&1 | tee "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/runner-output.txt"
+        code=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
+        echo "code=$code" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        # Report-only: only a runner ERROR (2) reddens the check, not a divergence.
+        if [ "$code" = "2" ]; then exit 1; fi
+    - name: Report results (step summary + annotations)
+      if: always()
+      run: >
+        bash "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dev/ci-report.sh"
+        iceberg-java "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/runner-output.txt"
+        snapshot "${{ steps.run.outputs.code }}"
+        "${{ steps.run.outputs.resolved }}"