[fix][broker] include segment descriptor in underlying topic name

[Dream95]

Motivation

The underlying persistent topic name for a scalable topic segment should include the segment descriptor, for example persistent://tenant/ns/my-topic/0000-ffff-0.

Modifications

Include the segment descriptor when converting a scalable segment topic name to its underlying persistent:// topic name.
The generated name now preserves the segment suffix, changing from persistent://tenant/ns/my-topic to persistent://tenant/ns/my-topic/0000-ffff-0.

Verifying this change

• Make sure that the change passes the CI checks.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

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• Dependencies (add or upgrade a dependency)
• The public API
• The schema
• The default values of configurations
• The threading model
• The binary protocol
• The REST endpoints
• The admin CLI options
• The metrics
• Anything that affects deployment

Matching PR in forked repository

PR in forked repository: Dream95#8

[merlimat]

@Dream95 Thanks for pointing this out. The fix was bigger than this though. I've created #25717 to address it.