parse table metadata.configuration as TableProperties

[zachschuermann]

What changes are proposed in this pull request?

New TableProperties struct parses the Metadata action's configuration into a strongly-typed configuration struct. Instead of previously manually querying specific keys (e.g. checking ColumnMapping key) we can leverage the configuration to appropriately handle DVs, column mapping, etc. in a structured manner.

Pragmatically, the changes are:

1. New TableProperties struct along with new Snapshot::get_table_properties() API
   a. Note that every field is optional and additionally there is an unknown_properties field which includes a hashmap of all fields that did not parse to a known table property.
2. table_properties module including deserialization submodule to implement functions to deserialize the fields of TableProperties

Future work

• optimize/test/improve interval parsing: optimize/improve table property interval parsing #507
• introduce a facility to query protocol + table properties to unify checks on e.g. column mapping mode/dv enablement/etc. implement table features system to query protocol + table properties  #508
• docs document TableProperties fields with protocol links #519
• improve TableProperties parsing performance #535

This PR affects the following public APIs

• New TableProperties and Snapshot::get_table_properties API

How was this change tested?

new ut

Credit: @roeap for the original PR which this is based on #222